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[ { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 74, "width": 417, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PELATIHAN PENULISAN CERITA PENDEK BERKEADILAN GENDER DI MADRASAH ALIYAH AL HIDAYAH KECAMATAN WAJAK KABUPATEN MALANG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 186, "top": 129, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Galuh Nur Rohmah, Laily Fitriani, Vita Nur Santi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 176, "top": 143, "width": 283, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 225, "width": 421, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Practitioner and expert of education have also given idea about role of belleslettres in education of child character. Do not deny again that belleslettres of have important role in the world of education. Short story as one of belleslettres form in creative writing region can be made media to study of justice and equivalence of gender among adolescent as well as children. Adolescent in this time have recognized fiction readings in the form of short story, continued story, novel even pictorial story or comic. Meanwhile, not deny that a masterpiece, a story specially, not get out of its writer background. This research take location in Madrasah Aliyah Al Hidayah Countryside of Wajak, District Of Wajak, Malang. And result of from this research of change at student after is adjacent 1) student have information and knowledge about gender and his aspects 2) change of patterned thinking to treat fairly and equivalent between men and woman of that goodness at home, school, and environment, and 3) student can put down issue justice of gender in its short story.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 405, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword: education, gender equity, short stories", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 433, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 446, "width": 421, "height": 218, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewasa ini beberapa ahli dan praktisi pendidikan juga telah memberikan gagasan tentang peran karya sastra dalam pendidikan karakter anak. Tak dipungkiri lagi bahwa karya sastra memilki peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan. Cerita pendek sebagai salah satu bentuk karya sastra dalam wilayah kepenulisan kreatif bisa dijadikan media bagi pembelajaran keadilan dan kesetaraan gender di kalangan remaja dan juga anak- anak. Remaja saat ini sudah mengenal bacaan-bacaan fiksi berupa cerita pendek, cerita bersambung, novel bahkan cerita bergambar atau komik. Sementara itu, tidak dipungkiri bahwa sebuah karya, sebuah cerita khususnya, tidak lepas dari latar belakang penulisnya. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Madrasah Aliyah Al Hidayah Desa Wajak, Kecamatan Wajak, Kabupaten Malang sebagai lokusnya. Dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalahterjadi perubahan pada siswa setelah dilakukan pendampingan; 1) siswa memiliki pengetahuan dan informasi tentang gender dan aspek-aspeknya, 2) perubahan pola pikir untuk memperlakukan secara adil dan setara antara laki-laki dan perempuan baik itu di rumah, di sekolah, dan di lingkungan sekitar, dan 3) siswa mampu meletakkan isu keadilan gender dalam cerita pendeknya. Kata Kunci: cerita pendek, berkeadilan gender, pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 695, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha yang harus dilakukan untuk mencapai keadilan gender nampaknya bukan hanya sekedar bersifat individual, namun harus secara bersama dan bersifat institusional, utamanya dari pihak-pihak yang memiliki kewenangan kekuasaan dan memegang peran dalam proses pembentukan gender. Untuk itu peranan pembuat kebijakan dan perencanaan pembangunan menjadi sangat penting dan menentukan arah perubahan menuju kesetaraan gender atau dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikatakan bahwa negara atau pemerintah mempunyai peran/ andil dalam mewujudkan keseimbangan gender. Dalam setiap perencanaan pembangunan, gender hendaknya dijadikan sebagai “kata kunci” dalam memahami kegiatan apa yang dilakukan laki-laki dan perempuan?, Berapa banyak waktu yang diperlukan untuk kegiatan tersebut?, Siapa yang memutuskan? dan sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 143, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain dalam realitas kehidupan nyata, ketidakadilan dan ketidaksetaraan gender juga direfleksikan dalam karya-karya sastra, baik itu sastra tulis maupun lisan (Eriyanto, 2001). Beberapa kajian sebelumnya yang mendiskusikan tentang ketidaksetaraan gender atau ketidakadilan gender dalam karya sastra masih menggunakan novel-novel popular dan kategori dewasa, misalnya Uli (2011), Wiguna (2011), Husna (2013). Sedangkan beberapa penelitian yang mengkaji novel-novel islami selama ini belum menyentuh topik gender, seperti Hakim (2010) dan Hariyanto (2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 457, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewasa ini beberapa ahli dan praktisi pendidikan juga telah memberikan gagasan tentang peran karya sastra dalam pendidikan karakter anak. Tak dipungkiri lagi bahwa karya sastra memilki peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan. Setidaknya ada sembilan peran yang diberikan (Haryadi, 1994), diantaranya (1) dapat berperan sebagai hiburan dan media pendidikan, (2) isinya dapat menumbuhkan kecintaan, kebanggaan berbangsa dan hormat pada leluhur, (3) isinya dapat memperluas wawasan tentang kepercayaan, adat-istiadat, dan peradaban bangsa, (4) pergelarannya dapat menumbuhkan rasa persatuan dan kesatuan, (5) proses penciptaannya menumbuhkan jiwa kreatif, responsif, dan dinamis, (6) sumber inspirasi bagi penciptaan bentuk seni yang lain, (7) proses penciptaannya merupakan contoh tentang cara kerja yang tekun, profesional, dan rendah hati, (8) pergelarannya memberikan teladan kerja sama yang kompak dan harmonis, (9) pengaruh asing yang ada di dalamnya memberi gambaran tentang tata pergaulan dan pandangan hidup yang luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cerita pendek sebagai salah satu bentuk karya sastra dalam wilayah kepenulisan kreatif bisa dijadikan media bagi pembelajaran keadilan dan kesetaraan gender di kalangan remaja dan juga anak-anak. Remaja saat ini sudah mengenal bacaan-bacaan fiksi berupa cerita pendek, cerita bersambung, novel bahkan cerita bergambar atau komik. Sementara itu, tidak dipungkiri bahwa sebuah karya, sebuah cerita khususnya, tidak lepas dari latar belakang penulisnya, apalagi jika penulis adalah seorang muslim, besar kemungkinan kelahiran novel tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh motivasinya untuk menyampaikan pesan moral yang terkandung dalam ajaran agamanya, yaitu peristiwa yang berlangsung atau yang dialaminya (Nurgiantoro, 1995: 322). Sehingga apa yang dinarasikan oleh penulis dalam sebuah cerita tentunya akan memberikan dampak kepada pembaca, termasuk pembaca remaja, yang tentunya bisa sangat terkesan dan menghayati sebuah cerita. Genre cerita remaja islami muncul pada akhir tahun 90-an. Cerita jenis ini memiliki peminat yang banyak. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan semakin banyaknya penerbit yang menerbitkan novel sejenis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di samping itu, usia remaja merupakan fase pencarian jati diri manusia, di mana karakter dan kepribadian seseorang akan bisa dibentuk dan diarahkan di usia tersebut. Sementara, kurikulum dan materi pelajaran di sekolah pada umumnya belum menyentuh ranah gender, sehingga dalam proses pembentukan karakter yang dilakukan di sekolah perlu disertakan nilai-nilai yang tidak biasa gender, atau biasa dikenal dengan pendidikan berkeadilan gender. Maraknya cerita remaja islami sebagai bahan bacaan para remaja dewasa ini, serta pentingnya pendidikan dan bekal pemahaman bagi remaja tentang kesetaraan dan keadilan gender, mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan pendampingan sekaligus pelatihan penulisan cerita pendek yang tidak bias gender di kalangan remaja dengan mengambil lokasi sekolah, di Madrasah Aliyah Al Hidayah Wajak, Kabupaten Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Al Hidayah berlokasi di Jl. Lawu Desa Wajak, Kecamatan Wajak, Kabupaten Malang, yang merupakan wilayah Kabupaten Malang di sebelah timur. Jumlah siswa yang belajar di sekolah ini seluruhnya berjumlah sekitar 250 siswa dengan rata-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rata jumlah siswa per kelas antara 25-30 siswa dari kelas X-XII. Masyarakat di kecamatan Wajak ini mayoritas bekerja di bidang pertanian dan perdagangan, sehingga latar belakang keluarga siswa di MA Al Hidayah bukanlah dari golongan menengah ke atas melainkan dari masyarakat ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Hal tersebut berdampak pada akses terhadap kemajuan teknologi pendidikan dan fasilitas pendidikan yang memadai masih kurang terpenuhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, fasilitas perpustakan yang ada di sekolah juga jauh dari kategori memadai untuk pengembangan minat dan bakat siswa dalam bidang baca tulis karya sastra. Kegiatan ektra kurikuler dan pembinaan minat dan bakat siswa masih berkisar di bidang olahraga dan seni. Sementara, bidang kepenulisan baik ilmiah ataupun sastra, dan atau jurnalistik belum ada. MA Al Hidayah juga termasuk sekolah pinggiran yang jarang sekali mendapat perhatian ataupun bantuan dari pemerintah ataupun lembaga pendidikan tinggi di Malang. Sehingga, tim peneliti tergerak untuk memberikan pendampingan di sekolah ini, dengan menggabungkan visi misi pendidikan gender dan teori kepenulisan cerita pendek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siswa di MA Al Hidayah kebanyakan memiliki latar belakang keluarga yang kurang perhatian terhadap pendidikan dan pengembangan potensi anak. Orang tua siswa yang mayoritas berasal dari ekonomi kelas bawah hanya berharap anak-anak mereka mendapat pendidikan dan menjadi orang baik nantinya. Mereka tidak mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana mereka harus mengembangkan potensi dan kelebihan yang dimiliki anak-anak mereka. Bahkan, mayoritas orang tua tidak mengenali bakat dan potensi atau kelebihan anak- anak mereka yang semestinya dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 363, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program pelatihan dan pendampingan yang akan diberikan kepada siswa-siswi MA Al Hidayah akan difokuskan untuk siswa/I kelas XI yang semuanya berjumlah 78 orang. Hal ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan bahwa siswa/I kelas XII harus fokus pada persiapan ujian kelulusan, sedangkan kelas X mungkin masih relatif baru di sekolah dan dalam tahap adaptasi. Dari observasi dan penyebaran angket yang tim peneliti lakukan, diketahui bahwa ada sekitar 25 siswa/I kelas XI yang memiliki minat di bidang kepenulisan sastra, khususnya cerita pendek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari 25 siswa/i tersebut, mayoritas sudah pernah menulis sebuah cerita, meskipun sebagai hobi ataupun karena tugas dari guru di sekolah. Cerita yang digemari antara lain cerita romantis dan percintaan, cerita sejarah, cerita inspiratif dan cerita-cerita lain yang memotivasi dan memberikan pelajaran terhadap mereka setelah membacanya. Diantara mereka ini, rata- rata menyukai dan sering membaca karya sastra, akan tetapi mereka belum mendapatkan akses yang mudah dan terjangkau terhadap sumber-sumber yang diperlukan. Seperti yang disebutkan sebelumnya, bahwa perpustakaan sekolah masih jauh dari kategori memadai dalam menyediakan sumber-sumber bacaan yang diperlukan siswa untuk mengembangakan minat dan bakat dalam bidang baca tulis sastra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 457, "height": 96, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masalah yang menjadi fokus pendampingan ini adalah “Bagaimana pelatihan penulisan cerita pendek berkeadilan gender meningkatkan pengetahuan keadilan gender dan kemampuan menulis cerita pendek berkeadilan gender siswa MA Al Hidayah?”. Setelah program pendampingan ini dilakukan, maka diharapkan remaja di MA Al-Hidayah, khususnya yang meminati penulisan karya sastra dapat menulis cerpen yang berkeadilan gender. Oleh karena itu, dapat diuraikan bahwa kondisi dampingan yang diharapkan setelah pelaksanaan program penelitian PAR ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Terbangunnya pemahaman dan kesadaran yang berkeadilan gender dalam menulis karya sastra (cerpen).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 389, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Meningkatnya pengembangan kemampuan menulis yang berkeadilan gender.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 382, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Terciptanya kehidupan sosial yang harmoni antara laki-laki dan perempuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka mengubah pemahaman remaja tentang kesetaraan gender, akan digunakan metode PAR (Parcipatory Action Research). Metode ini dilakukan untuk memahamkan remaja MA Al-Hidayah terhadap: a) kelemahan-kelemahan yang dihadapi dan dimilikinya; 2) keinginan-keinginan remaja untuk mengatasi kekurangan dan kelemahannya; c) menyusun strategi dan metode untuk memecahkan permasalahannya; d) membantu remaja mengatasi, memecahkan dan menemukan jalan keluarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode PAR ini digunakan untuk tidak membuat masyarakat dampingan sebagai obyek, tetapi menjadikannya sebagai subyek penelitian. Remaja MA Al-Hidayah sendiri yang memahami, menginginkan, dan memecahkan permasalahan yang dihadapinya. Posisi peneliti lebih sebagai fasilitator bagi Remaja MA Al-Hidayah serta memberikan jalan keluar dan merumuskan strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari solusi bagi permasalahan mereka. Namun perumusan jalan keluar dan strategi ini tetap melibatkan para remaja MA Al-Hidayah dengan harapan setelah pelatihan ini selesai dapat terus berkarya dengan menulis karya sastra yang berkeadilan gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 459, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan Parsipatory Action Research (PAR) ini bermanfaat untuk memfasilitasi dan memotivasi agar masyarakat khususnya kalangan remaja mampu: 1) Mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan remaja serta problemantikanya dalam kehidupan yang berkeadilan gender, 2) Menemukenali faktor penyebab problem remaja yang tidak berkeadilan gender dan alternatif solusinya, 3) Menyusun strategi dan metode yang tepat untuk memecahkan permasalahan remaja, dan 4) Menyusun rencana aksi berdasarkan prioritas dan keberlanjutan program melalui tahapan-tahapan hingga mencapai target yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 363, "width": 462, "height": 398, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun strategi yang digunakan dalam melakukan action research ini adalah menggunakan metode yang dikemukakn oleh Kurt Lewin dalam Arikunto (2006: 92) didasarkan atas konsep pokok bahwa penelitian tindakan yang terdiri empat komponen pokok yang juga menunjukkan langkah, yaitu: a) perencanaan atau planning yang dilakukan setelah memperhatikan kondisi riil di masyarakat dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT. Dalam menganalisis problemantika menulis di kalangan remaja sekolah dan menganalisis kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman yang mungkin terjadi. Hal ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan remaja di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah Wajak Kabupaten Malang. Perencanaan ini meliputi strategi dan metode dalam memecahkan problemantika tentang pemahaman gender bagi remaja di tingkat sekolah menengah, b) tindakan atau acting yang dilakukan dengan cara para remaja di MA al-Hidayah mengimplementasikan rencana yang telah dibuat tersebut dengan dibantu dan difasilitatori oleh peneliti, c) pengamatan atau observing yang dilakukan untuk memperhatikan dan menganalisis keberhasilan, kelemahan, dan kekurangan strategi dan metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan problemantika yang terjadi di masyarakat.dan d) refleksi atau reflecting terhadap usaha-usaha yang dilakukan dalam memecahkan problemantika remaja di sekolah tersebut direfleksikan dan dievaluasi, baik kekurangan, kelemahan dan keberhasilan strategi dan metode dalam memecahkan problemantika remaja tersebut. Refleksi dan evaluasi ini berujung pada perencanaan (plan) seperti pada poin pertama untuk menuntaskan problem yang dihadapi remaja, baik yang belum tuntas pada tahap pertama atau untuk memecahkan problemantika yang baru hingga tercapai remaja di tingkat sekolah menengah yang pro kesetaraan gender dalam menulis karya sastra. Pihak-pihak (stakeholder) yang terlibat dalam program pendampingan ini adalah Tim Peneliti Pengumpul data dengan cara pembagian kuesioner tentang bakat dan minat, dan FGD. Pembuat desain aksi berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dan melalui koordinasi intensif berkala. Pelaksana pelatihan workshop wawasan gender dan penulisan kreatif. Para tim peneliti akan mempersiapkan materi dan menentukan teknis pelaksanaan berkoordinasi dengan pihak sekolah untuk menentukan strategi dan waktu pelaksanaan. Pelaksana monitoring dan evaluasi tiap kegiatan dengan menyediakan lembar evaluasi untuk siswa dan pihak sekolah serta evaluasi diri tentang aspek-aspek yang sudah berjalan lancar maupun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kendala yang dihadapi. Pembuat desain tindak lanjut sebagai bahan untuk melakukan tahap kegiatan selanjutnya sehingga sesuai dengan tujuan dan kebutuhan di lapangan. Siswa Madrasah Aliyah. Pada tahap awal workshop wawasan gender mereka akan dilibatkan semua, kemudian dilakukan penjaringan bakat minat untuk memilih 20 siswa yang berbakat dan berminat tinggi untuk penulisan cerita pendek. Siswa yang terlibat adalah kelas 2, laki-laki dan perempuan. Dalam penulisan cerita pendek, mereka akan dipasangkan sehingga relasi gender dapat teraplikasikan sejak dari awal. Siswa akan terlibat sebagai: pelaksana desain program aksi dan pelaksana aksi kesetaraan gender. Kepala Sekolah dan Guru Bahasa Indonesia. Kedua pihak akan menjadi patner dalam bekerjasama dan berkoordinasi tentang teknis pelaksanaan aksi sehingga dapat berjalan sesuai rencana dan dapat mencapai tujuan. Keterlibatan kedua pihak sebagai: pendamping pelaksana desain aksi, pelaksana evaluasi dan monitoring tentang kesetaraan gender di kalangan remaja dan penyedia informasi tentang kondisi dan situasi tempat pelaksanaan aksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Pendampingan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pendampingan terdiri dari dua tahap, perencanaan pendampingan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan pendampingan. Terdapat pula pembahasan tentang kendala yang dihadapi dan strategi untuk mengatasinya. Perencanaan dalam program PAR ini disusun secara partisipatif dengan melibatkan siswa dan stakeholder setelah terlebih dahulu dilakukan survey analisa kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan ini diharapkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan strategis siswa. Perencanaan diawali dengan penjaringan peserta melalui penyebaran angket pada siswa kelas. Angket berisi pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang meliputi informasi awal tentang wawasan dan minat baca karya sastra, pengetahuan tentang ciri-ciri karya sastra yang baik, prediksi tren karya sastra, pengalaman menulis karya sastra, dan kesediaan mengikuti pendampingan. Adapun hasil asesmen lapangan terhadap para siswa ditemukan ada 30 dari 70 siswa berminat menjadi peserta workshop penulisan cerpen Perencanaan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi bersama Wakil Kepala sekolah bidang Kesiswaan dan guru Bahasa Indonesia terkait kegiatan minat bakat siswa dalam hal penulisan kreatif, khususnya cerita pendek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendampingan bersifat pemberdayaan kapasitas diri agar siswa memiliki pola pikir keadilan gender dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya, peneliti berfungsi sebagai fasilitator dan motivator dalam mengantarkan mereka menjadi individu yang memahami dan melaksanakan keadilan gender. Dalam merencanakan rencana aksi hingga menjadi jadual kegiatan pemberdayaan ini, peneliti bersama stakeholder dan siswa mendiskusikan kemungkinan hambatan-hambatan yang muncul pada saat pelaksanaan kegiatan sehingga telah diantisipasi sejak awal solusi yang dipilih. Pertimbangan dan input yang bermanfaat untuk kelancaran kegiatan pendampingan juga diberikan oleh pihat terkait dari sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 570, "width": 460, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil FGD dan penjaringan, secara bersama-sama antara siswa, peneliti, dan stakeholder menyusun kegiatan menjadi beberapa siklus. Siklus 1 meliputi workshop pengenalan/sosialisasi gender (Zuhriyah, 2014) dan workshop penulisan cerita pendek. Siklus ini bertujuan memberikan penguatan tentang pentingnya pengetahuan bagaimana laki- laki dan perempuan berelasi dalam konteks sosial dan budaya. Siklus 2 adalah pembuatan kerangka cerpen berbasis keadilan gender yang bertujuan untuk membekali remaja tentang teknis penulisan cerpen yang berorientasi pada kesetaraan gender (Tarigan, 2010). Siklus 3 meliputi umpan balik, penulisan cerita pendek dan rencana tindak lanjut yang bertujuan untuk mengekspresikan ide dalam bentuk karya sastra yang berkeadilan gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 695, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil evaluasi dan refleksi pada siklus 1ini adalah: a) Siswa mampu memahami konsep dasar tentang perbedaan biologis dan non-biologis antara laki-laki dan perempuan, b) Siswa mampu mengidentifikasi dan memberi contoh konkrit perbedaan non-biologis sesuai dengan situasi mereka, c). Siswa mampu memberikan pandangannya terhadap tugas-tugas dan peran sosial yang dapat berlaku bagi laki-laki dan perempuan, dan d) Siswa memperoleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengetahuan bahwa karya sastra juga menjadi wadah untuk memunculkan isu-isu gender, e) Siswa mengetahui langkah-langkah penulisan karya sastra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil evaluasi dan refleksi pada siklus 2 ini adalah: a) Siswa mampu menganalisa isi cerita pendek yang mengandung isu-isu gender yang meliputi pelabelan, kata-kata dan kalimat-kalimat yang memojokkan, dan penggabaran peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang tidak seimbang(Daniel, 2004), b) Siswa memahami elemen-elemen dalam cerita pendek, dan bagaimana mengembangkan sebuah cerita yang mengandung keadilan gender, c) Siswa mampu berinteraksi dengan temannya, dan menegosiasikan ide-ide menjadi sebuah kesepakatan, dan d) Siswa mampu menghasilkan kerangka karangan yang siap dikembangan menjadi cerpen berbasis keadilan gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil evaluasi dan refleksi pada siklus 3 adalah: a) Siswa mampu menghasilkan cerita pendek yang menggambarkan adanya relasi laki-laki dan perempuan, b) Ketika melakukan self-assessment, siswa mendapatkan kesempatan untuk menilai kekurangan dalam cerita pendeknya, dan mampu mengidentifikasi aspek-aspek apa saja yang butuh dikembangkan agar cerpennya memiliki kriteria cerpen yang berbasis kesetaraan gender, dan c) Siswa memiliki motivasi yang tinggi untuk menyelesaikan dan merevisi cerpennya karena cerpen akan diterbitkan dan dipilih tiga terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 308, "width": 457, "height": 204, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam melaksanakan proses pendampingan, sudah barang tentu tidak terlepas dari beberapa kendala berikut: Pertama , Kesulitan koordinasi dengan stakeholder. Hal ini disebabkan jarak lokasi pendampingan yang cukup jauh dan kesibukan masing-masing pihak sehingga proses komunikasi dan diskusi perencanaan dan kegiatan pendampingan tidak dapat didiskusikan dengan maksimal. Selain itu, kendala ini juga bisa menyebabkan pemahaman mengenai program pembinaan yang diperoleh Kepala Sekolah dan guru pembina kurang komprehensif. Kedua , Berkurangnya minat siswa. Meskipun peserta pendampingan adalah siswa yang sudah melalui proses penjaringan akan tetapi jika dilihat dari jumlah dari siklus per siklus ada penurunan jumah peserta meskipun tidak signifikan. Ada beberapa kemungkinan yang menyebabkan beberapa siswa tidak dapat mengikuti pembinaan, yaitu, waktu pembinaan yang diadakan setelah pulang sekolah pukul 14.00 yang biasanya kurang kondusif untuk melakukan aktifitas yang menuntut mereka untuk berfikir, beberapa siswa tinggal di pondok pesantren sehingga tidak bisa leluasa untuk tetap di sekolah karena ada kegiatan pondok yang harus diikuti, dan kegiatan ekstra kurikuler seperti pramuka dan les mata pelajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 457, "height": 191, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiga , Ketersediaan akses sumber bacaan terbatas. Belum tersedianya tempat sumber belajar seperti perpustakaan di madrasah Al Hidayah sehingga kebutuhan siswa untuk meningkatkan minat membaca karya sastra belum terpenuhi. Sebenarnya ada akses internet yang memudahkan siswa untuk mencari sumber bacaan, tetapi hanya terbatas penggunaannya ketika mereka di sekolah. Jika berbentuk buku yang dapat dipinjam dari perpustakaan tentunya siswa lebih fleksibel di manapun dan kapanpun mereka ingin membacanya. Keempat , Kegiatan Tindaklanjut. Setelah kegiatan pendampingan berakhir, para siswa sebagai subyek pendampingan kesulitan melakukan tindak lanjut dari pelatihan. Ada sebagian yang menulis cerita pendek hanya sebagai gugur kewajiban untuk memenuhi tugas kegiatan pendampingan. Dan ada sebagain lagi tidak melakukan dengan serius ketika merevisi cerpennya. Untuk kegiatan tindaklanjut, siswa masih belum bisa secara mandiri menginisiasi gerakan cinta karya sastra dan menulis cerita pendek. Keterbatasan SDM guru pembina dan ketersediaan waktu pembinaan menjadi kendala tindaklanjut kegiatan sehingga dikuatirkan keberlanjutan program pembinaan tidak dapat dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengatasi beberapa kendala yang ada, peneliti telah mengupayakan strategi untuk mengatasinya sebagaimana berikut: 1) peneliti memaksimalkan penggunaan HP untuk komunikasi agar kegiatan tidak mengalami penundaan. Peneliti lebih mengedepankan komunikasi personal dengan salah satu guru untuk mengkomunikasikan program", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendampingan kepada Kepala Sekolah. Di samping itu peneliti mengoptimalkan peran dan fungsi koordinator siswa yang bertanggungjawab selama PAR ini berlangsung untuk mengkondisikan kegiatan pelatihan dan koordinasi antar remaja dalam proses pendampingan, 2) mempermudah sistem permohonan ijin kepada pihak pondok dan pembina ekstrakurikuler yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan persetujuan pihak sekolah. Untuk mengatasi menurunnya semangat siswa ketika pembinaan di kelas, peneliti berusaha menyajikan materi dengan pola interaktf dengan melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam diskusi. Siswa diposisikan sebagai subjek yang memiliki pengetahuan dan ide untuk dibagi. Siswa juga diberi otoritas penuh dalam menentukan topik cerpen dan alur ceritanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 457, "height": 232, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi yang tak kalah pentingnya adalah pemberian motivasi untuk belajar bersama- sama dengan prinsip No Child Left Behind yang artinya tidak ada seorangpun yang tertinggal. Membangun kesamaan persepsi dalam mewujudkan cerpen berbasis kesetaraan gender selalu menjadi poin utama yang ditekankan pada setiap siklusnya. Strategi ketiga adalah memberikan fotokopi contoh cerpen untuk dibaca dan dianalisa bersama. Contoh cerpen diambil dari salah satu kumpulan cerpen yang diterbitkan oleh penerbit yang kredibel sehingga siswa mendapatkan rangsangan yang dapat menstimulasi keinginan mereka untuk menulis cerita pendek yang berkualitas. Upaya tersebut dilanjutkan dengan pembelian kumpulan cerita pendek oleh peneliti untuk dibaca pada siklus 3 yang nantinya buku kumpulan cerpen tersebut disumbangkan kepada pihak sekolah agar siswa lainnya yang tidak ikut pembinaan dapat membacanya. Untuk menciptakan keberlanjutan program, peneliti memiliki beberapa strategi (startegi 4) yaitu strategi jangka pendek dalam bentuk penerbitan kumpulan cerita pendek yang ditulis siswa dan telah mengalami proses review dan revisi yang intensif. Penerbitan kumpulan cerita pendek para siswa menjadi produk akhir program ini, dan nantinya terbitan tersebut akan dimiliki masing-masing siswa dan sekolah untuk diakses siswa lain. Strategi jangka pendek yang mengiringi penerbitan cerita pendek adalah pemilihan tiga cerita pendek terbaik. Hal ini dapat memotivasi siswa untuk menulis karya terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan Dan Hasil Pelatihan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 457, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan yang terjadi pada siswa setelah kegiatan pendampingan dapat terlihat dari masing-masing siklus. Secara garis besar, perubahan yang terlihat dari siklus 1 dapat dijabarkan dalam 2 aspek. Perubahan pada aspek pengenalan gender yaitu: 1) Memahami perbedaan gender dalam ucapan dan tindakan, 2) Mengidentifikasi persoalan gender yang sering terjadi di masyarakat, baik dalam lingkup keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat, 3) Berbagi pengalaman tentang bias gender yang pernah mereka dapatkan dari keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat dalam bentuk perkataan dan perbuatan, 4) Memecahkan masalah yang terkait dengan gender di masyarakat dengan solusi-solusi yang telah mereka pahami, bagaimana menyikapi persoalan gender di masyarakat, 5) Memahami bahwa gender bisa muncul dalam ucapan dan perilaku, sehingga siswa dapat mengantisipasinya, dan 6) Mengupayakan untuk netral gender dalam berperilaku pada sesama. Perubahan pada penulisan cerita pendek, yaitu: 1) Memahami model karya sastra yang pro gender, netral gender dan bias gender (Fakih, 2008), 2) Terbangunnya kesadaran bahwa gender muncul di segala aspek dan tahu cara mengolah bahasa agar tidak bias gender melalui tokoh-tokoh cerita, dan 3) Mampu menciptakan karya sastra yang berkeadilan gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan yang terjadi pada siklus 2 adalah: 1) Mampu melakukan curah pendapat bersama teman untuk mencapai mufakat, 2) Memahami model pemaparan cerita berkeadilan gender, 3) Mengangkat berbagai isu dalam cerpen sesuai dengan realitas siswa, 4) Menggambarkan tokoh-tokoh sesuai dengan porsinya. Siklus 3 terjadi perubahan sebagai berikut: 1)Terbangunnya pemahaman yang konstruktif tentang model cerpen berkeadilan gender, 2) Memahami cara menciptakan konflik isi cerita, 3) Menulis cerita pendek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkeadilan gender, 4) Melakukan penilaian sendiri pada karya yang dihasilkan, dan 5) Dapat menerbitkan kumpulan cerita pendek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam analisis gender terdapat kaitan erat antara perbedaan gender (gender differences) dan ketidakadilan gender (gender inequality) dengan struktur masyarakat yang luas. Gender sebagai pandangan hidup dalam kelompok masyarakat membedakan peran, fungsi dan tanggung jawab antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Memahami persoalan gender pada tataran remaja cukup menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian yang memfokuskan pada gender di kalangan remaja setidaknya harus memberikan wawasan yang utuh tentang konsep gender itu sendiri, sehingga terbangun paradigma berpikir remaja yang berkeadilan gender. Persoalan gender di masyarakat berada pada berbagai lini kehidupan, baik itu dalam lingkup keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 456, "height": 121, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menulis sebagai bagian dari kegiatan literasi sangat penting dibangun sejak dini. Remaja sekolah sebagai generasi penerus bangsa perlu membekali diri dengan kemampuan literasi ini. Cerita sebagai media yang cukup digemari remaja memiliki peran penting untuk turut mensosialisasikan nilai-nilai moral. Menulis cerita juga suatu upaya untuk mengembangkan dan menggali kreativitas remaja dengan menyampaikan cerita berdasarkan fenomena yang terjadi di sekitar mereka, mulai dunia persahabatan, percintaan, kasih sayang, amarah, persaudaraan hingga persoalan politik. Oleh karena itulah, gender dapat disosialisasikan melalui media cerpen, sehingga persoalan gender dapat disederhanakan, mudah dipahami sesuai dengan usia remaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka mengubah pola pikir remaja yang responsif dan berkeadilan gender, maka digunakanlah metode PAR (Participatory Action Research) . Metode ini diharapkan bisa bermanfaat untuk memfasilitasi dan memotivasi agar remaja mampu menemukenali model ucapan (dialog) serta perilaku yang bias gender, serta menemukan metode yang tepat untuk meemecahkan persoalan bias gender melalui menulis cerpen. Kegiatan ini melalui tahapan siklus yang dimulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi yang diimplementasikan pada subyek dampingan remaja sekolah di MA. Al-Hidayah. Adapun hasil perubahan yang terjadi pada diri subyek dampingan adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Memahami perbedaan laki-laki dan perempuan secara biologis dan non biologis, 2) Mampu mengidentifikasi persoalan gender yang sering terjadi di masyarakat, baik dalam lingkup keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat, dan 3) Menulis cerpen berkelompok berkeadilan gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rekomendasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 557, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pendampingan pelatihan kepenulisan berkeadilan gender di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah Wajak perlu direkomendasikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 584, "width": 435, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pemerintah perlu mensosialisasikan pendidikan berkeadilan gender kepada remaja sedini mungkin melalui gerakan literasi sehingga dapat memberikan wawasan baru dalam pendidikan gender.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 626, "width": 435, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pihak sekolah perlu memberikan dukungan dalam pendidikan gender sehingga remaja sekolah lebih sadar gender, berkeadilan gender dalam tingkah laku serta ucapannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 653, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Peneliti perlu mengupdate berbagai model pendidikian berkeadilan gender untuk remaja melalui gerakan literasi selain menulis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 709, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daniel, A.P. 2004. Medali. Kumpulan ‘Kupu-kupu Tak Berkelopak” (Kumpulan Cerpen Pengarang) . PT Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 414, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eriyanto. 2001. Analisis Wacana: Pengantar Analisis Teks Media . Yogyakarta: LKIS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakih, Mansour. 2008. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hakim, L. 2010. Conservative Islam Turn or Popular Islam? An Analysis of the Film Ayat- Ayat Cinta . Al Jami’ah, Vol 48 (1), hal. 101-128", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hariyanto. 2008. Aspek Kepribadian Tokoh Raihana dalam Novel Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dan Skenarion Pembelajrannya di Kelas XI SMA. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haryadi. 1994. Sastra Melayu . Yogyakarta: IKIP Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Husna, N. 2013. Ketidaksetaraan Gender dalam Novel Perempuan Jogja Karya Achmad Munif: Tinjaun Sastra Feminis. Skripsi. Surakarta: FKIP UMS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 322, "width": 342, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurgiantoro, B. 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Jogjakarta: UGM Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tarigan, H. G. 2010. Prinsip-prinsip Dasar Sastra . Bandung: Angkasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uli, I. 2011. Citra Perempuan dalam Novel Ratu Kecantikan Harga Sebuah Martabat karya Langit Kresna Hariadi . Skripsi. Pontianak: FKIP UNTAN.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wiguna, S.C. 2011. Analisis Ketidakadilan Gender dalam Novel Sangn Maharani karya Agnes Jessica. Skripsi. Jember: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zuhriyah, E. 2014. Gender Sebagai Konstruksi Sosial . 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[ { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 173, "top": 53, "width": 270, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 http://lpppipublishing.com/index.php/ijessm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation Of Guidance And Counseling Program In Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 221, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdurrahman 1 , Tien Rafida 2 , Riswan Hadi 3 1,2,3 State Islamic University of North Sumatra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 289, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 411, "width": 76, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 423, "width": 64, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: Received", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 448, "width": 58, "height": 62, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Juny 2021 Revised 27 Juny 2021 Accepted 22 July 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 224, "width": 59, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 238, "width": 418, "height": 472, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to explore in-depth data about the implementation of the field of academic guidance services, personal guidance services, social guidance services, and student career guidance services at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan with qualitative research methods with data collection techniques through observation instruments, interviews. and documentation studies. The informants in this study were counseling teachers, madrasa principals, and students. The results of this study explain that: 1) The implementation of services in the field of academic guidance at the Darul Ulum Asahan Modern Private Islamic Boarding School has been carried out properly by providing COUNSELING GUIDANCE program services that lead to the student's academic field. help students solve learning problems that occur to them. The role of COUNSELING GUIDANCE teachers, school principals, and the curriculum has been carried out, but only limited time in providing guidance and counseling programs. The implementation of personal guidance in Private Madrasah Aliyah, 2) Modern Darul Ulum Asahan Islamic Boarding School, is carried out well by giving students directions to students to be able to solve personal problems that exist in themselves and develop their abilities or potentials. The role of guidance and counseling teachers is also as expected in providing services related to personal guidance. which is wherein the implementation of services in the field of personal guidance the guidance and counseling teacher efforts to develop the talents, potentials, and skills of each student by inviting students to be more creative and productive in supporting their potential, such as providing facilities and infrastructure that can generate ideas Student creativity, 3) Implementation of social guidance services in the Private Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan has been socially progressing properly by providing guidance and counseling program services that lead to the field of social development. The role of guidance and counseling teachers in the form of orientation, information, placement, and group guidance services where students are led to be more active in communicating, interacting, and socializing with their environment, and 4) service delivery in the field of career guidance at the Private Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan is carried out by providing understanding to students related to understanding, planning, choosing, adjusting and developing a career according to their interests and talents. Keywords Implementation, Guidance, Counseling Program", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 105, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 168, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guidance and counseling are part of a system of education that aims to assist students in developing their potential. In connection with the words of the Constitution No. 22 the Year 2013, declare that guidance and counseling play a role in promoting good education because in guidance and counseling there are some areas of the services that can give students to optimize the potential of d jealous. Guidance and counseling is a service of assistance to participants of learners, both as individuals and groups that independently and can be grown in optimal, through field guidance of personal, social learning, and career with various types of services and activities of support based on the norms that apply (Peter, 2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 285, "width": 428, "height": 288, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to (Sukardi, 2000) which states no four field service guidance and counseling namely: Guidance and counseling Academic (learning), guidance and counseling private, guidance and counseling social, guidance and counseling career. Furthermore, Article 1 Paragraph (6) of Law no. 20 the Year 2003 on System of National Education emphasizes that counselors are included in the category of educators. Under the Act- the legislation above explicitly indicates that counselors are educators whose task primarily was the first, realize atmosphere of learning and secondly, embodies the atmosphere of learning. Next, (Thorin, 2007) Guidance and counseling is the process of giving aid or aid that is given by mentors (counselors) by meeting face-to-face or relationships lead behind only between the two, so that the counselee has the ability or abilities look and find the problem and able to solve their problems. Or the provision of assistance or aid that is systematic of a mentor (counselor) to counselees (students) by meeting face-to-face or relationships leads forth between the two to reveal a problem counselees so counselees able to see the problem itself, able to accept her own under its potential, and capable solve own problems that it faces.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 576, "width": 428, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Education, in general, is always at the core of guidance. Because education is aimed so that children students become creative, productive, and independent. The role of education is very important to create a cadre of young who have good quality. Not only in the field of academic course will but have an attitude that is following the norms that prevail in the environment the family, society and the environment of friends of the same age.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Education becomes a vehicle to determine and develop the potentials that are owned and can channel the talents and interests by desire. In addition to the education as well as a container that held liable as a whole to educate students to be personally who can take responsibility not only on others but on ourselves", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 126, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "alone, for maximizing effort is the presence of the teacher supervising become part important. Teacher mentors have a duty as a facilitator for the students to provide guidance, counseling, and assistance in individual or group.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 117, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The presence of teacher mentors helps participants learners to achieve the progress of the task which includes aspects of personal, social, learning and career. Not only that, guidance and counseling also help the participant students to become beings that are useful in life that that good manners so that can practice the values of faith and devotion to God the almighty. Both in life personal, family, relationships with friends of the same age, school, place of work, as well as society in general.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guidance and counseling play a role important in helping the smooth process of learning in class and outside of class because then each student requires guidance and counseling. Implementation of service guidance and counseling in Madrasah needs to be improved in the four fields are in synergy (mutual support) to carry out the four fields of guidance and counseling are. According to (Nursyamsi, 2015), there are seven types of service which consists of service orientation, service information, service placement and distribution, service learning, service counseling individuals, service guidance of groups, services counseling group and there are five plans activities services supporting Guidance and counseling which consists of the application of instrumentation, the Conference of the case, visit the house and the expert hands of the case.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supposedly every madrassa implements the entire field service guidance and counseling, as with the implementation of all program guidance and counseling to enable students to resolve problems that occur on her as well as experienced in the activity of learning. Service guidance and counseling are expected to help the participant students in understanding themselves, accept themselves with all the strengths and weaknesses, introducing environment and take decisions, as well as giving directives to the development of the participant students, not only for the participants of students who experienced the problem alone but applies to the entire participant learners. Service guidance and counseling are some of the aspects of education that have a role important in the efforts to achieve the goal of education.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "But many of the students at the school were not getting the service guidance and counseling from teachers guidance counseling. Factors which allegedly became a constraint implementation of service guidance and counseling at the school concerning the limitations of time, the limited ability of teachers guidance counseling, limited facilities, and infrastructure as well as the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 126, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "support of the leadership of madrassas and parties related to that required for the implementation of the program guidance and counseling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 202, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yet again fact that during this occurs, many students who feel fear when called upon to space guidance counseling, caused a focus on the negative that has been attached to the teacher guidance counseling, that room service guidance counseling is a place to process students who commit errors. In line with the case is the result of interviews with teacher guidance and counseling in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan, that perception of students about teachers' guidance and counseling that is as a teacher who processes the problems students than of the students who were called into the room guidance and counseling are students who problematic either in the form of a case or else violate the rules of the school, the students are reluctant to go room guidance counseling when guidance counseling is the place to help students develop the potential of him.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 428, "height": 306, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Related about the phenomenon this, (Ninil & Elfira, 2018) explains that there are five dozen errors of understanding of the guidance and counseling , namely 1) guidance and counseling equated or separated at once from penddidikan , 2) equate employment guidance and counseling to the work physicians and psychiatrists 3) guidance and counseling is limited only in dealing with the problems that are incidental , 4) guidance and counseling is limited only to the students particular course , 5) guidance and counseling serve \"the sick\" and or \" less normal / not normal\", 6 ) service of guidance and counseling based on the complaint first course , 7) guidance and counseling to handle the problem that light , 8) officers guidance and counseling in schools in portraying as a police school , 9) guidance and counseling regarded solely as the process of giving advice , 10 ) guidance and counseling work alone or have to work together with experts or officials other , 11) konselo r must be active while the other should be passive , 12) considers the job guidance and counseling can be done by anyone alone , 13) generalize how solving problems for all clients , 14) concentrated effort guidance and counseling only on the use of instrumentation , 15) considers the results of the work guidance and counseling should be seen immediately .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 428, "height": 100, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Prayitno & Amti, 2007) also added that there is some form of misunderstanding related to the implementation of the Guidance and counseling in school include: 1) counseling guidance equated only with or separated at all from education, 2) counselors in schools considered as a police school, 3) counseling guidance regarded solely as the process of giving advice, 4) counseling guidance serve \"the sick \" and/or \" less than normal\", 5) the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "counselor should be active, while the other passive, 6) Think of job counseling guidance can be done by anyone alone, 7) Equating counseling guidance work with that of a doctor or psychiatrist, 8) Considering the results of counseling guidance work must be seen immediately. Noting misconception is deemed necessary straightened out so that service guidance and counseling walked following the mission and the purpose of guidance and counseling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 199, "width": 428, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As stated earlier that Guidance and counseling is a process of helping students in overcoming the problems they face. Students in need of help determine the actions that must be performed in interacting with fellow students, teachers, staff of the school, and the community around it. Services guidance and counseling in schools are very helpful to determine the personal, familiar environment and plan the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 302, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guidance and Counseling is a program that is a very important presence in every school. Guidance and counseling aim to develop the personality and character of students, for students at the time of puberty is usually very necessary that students be spared from acts that violate the norms and the help that is given by a counselor is psychological aid (Kompri, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 388, "width": 428, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guidance and Counseling is one of the programs of education that is directed to attempt reform of education nationwide. Through the program guidance and counseling means also the development of the life of children guided should be directed to the ability of mental and spiritual that is higher and more good. The ability of mental and spiritual son bombing, especially the generation younger should get the attention of privilege in guidance and counseling, both facets general and religion to be fostered and developed so that they become generations to come are strong and tough, both physically, mentally and spiritually (Amin, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "So with such can be said implementation of program guidance and counseling is a very important activity because it is based on the results of an evaluation that can be concluded whether the activities that have been carried out can achieve the goals that are expected to be effective and efficient or not, the activities that need to be passed or not, and so on (Sukardi, 2000),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 428, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the background behind the problems above, the authors are interested in research by lifting the title research \" Implementation Of Guidance And Counseling Program In Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan \"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research is conducted in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum shavings with teachers as the subject of his research. Selection of place is based on consideration of the ease in obtaining the data, the researcher is more focused on the issues that will be studied because of location research close to the investigators and the following ability, both time and limited funds. Implementation of the study is planned to begin in December 2019 until June 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 428, "height": 323, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Lexy Moleong, 2014; Quinn, 2009; Sugiyono, 2020) Research is carried out by using research qualitative descriptive, things that are based on the intention to describe the behavior of informants that supervisor, the head of the madrasa, deputy head of the madrassa and teachers according to the situation of social that exist. The context of this research seeks to understand the implementation of program guidance and counseling in Madrasah Aliyah Private Modern Boarding School Darul Ulum shavings. In the activity of research is that becomes the source of information is the subject that is involved in the research of this. The data sources of this research consist of primary and secondary data. In the qualitative research method, the researcher is the main instrument ( key instrument ) by adhering to the four main questions of this research : (1) How is the implementation of the field of student academic guidance services at the Private Madrasah Aliyah Modern Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan? , (2) How is the implementation of field service guidance of private students in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan? (3) How is the implementation of field service guidance social students in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan? And (4) How is the implementation of field service guidance career students in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 575, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 428, "height": 152, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The findings of the first study are related to implements a guidance and counseling program that is structured and tar Being planned well and me m give a positive impact in helping students in learning activities in class and outside of class or issue development in helping students understand and develop his potential optimally. However, not all guidance and counseling services have been implemented, this is due to the lack of facilities and infrastructure and insufficient time estimation. Guidance and counseling services that are often used are individual, individual counseling services, orientation services, information services, placement, and distribution services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 126, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Because when providing this service, students who have problems tend to be late, for example, students will be processed to be given individual counseling services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 391, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The preparation of the guidance and counseling program is also by what is expected where the guidance and counseling teacher collects various information about things needed for program preparation. Like observing students, looking at students' report cards before giving them to the homeroom teacher of each guidance and counseling teacher, seeing their behavior in the report cards, there was an assessment of attitudes, craftsmanship, and attendance from that I saw in collecting data on the preparation of guidance and counseling programs. It is appropriate that stated (Willis, 2004) that the preparation of guidance and counseling program in schools is a set of activities carried out through various forms of surveys, to inventory goals, needs, abilities, schools, and preparatory schools to implement the guidance and counseling program. In this stage of the preparation of guidance and counseling programs, grains of activity undertaken can be broken down as follows: a) Feasibility Study, where its activity is activity gather to share information about the things that are needed for the preparation of guidance and counseling programs in schools. With this feasibility study, the conclusions and suggestions presented at the end of the study are used as a benchmark for determining the guidance and counseling program that needs to be developed in schools, b) The preparation of the Guidance and Counseling Program in the form of developing a guidance and counseling program should be problematic. problems faced by ole s a student, both concerning personal problems, emotional, social relationships, family, education, choice of occupation, position or career.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guidance teacher (counselor), in the implementation of guidance and counseling in schools, both concerning the types of services, as well as the process of managing guidance and counseling in schools. The principal, in the process of managing guidance and counseling in schools related to programs, organization, leadership, as well as in terms coaching.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 428, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The preparation of the guidance and counseling program should clearly define the objectives to be achieved in dealing with various problems, as well as formulate the forms of activities relating to the items and sub-points of the details of the implementation of activities and their targets, (Yususf, 2009) The purpose of compiling a mentoring program is to plan a mentoring program. Planning is a continuous process . Understanding the process, in this case, is to anticipate and prepare for various possibilities, or an attempt to determine and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 134, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "control the possibilities that will occur. The preparation of the guidance and counseling program can be done by guidance experts or counseling guidance teachers or school and madrasa counselors or counseling guidance coordinators by involving other guidance personnel. The preparation of the guidance program must refer to the needs of schools and madrasas in general, meaning that counseling guidance programs in schools and madrasas are prepared not to conflict with the program of the school and madrasa in question.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition, the preparation of counseling guidance programs in schools and madrasas as stated by (Zan, 2015)should be per and oriented to the needs of schools and madrasas in general. This is because the counseling service program in schools and madrasas is an integral and inseparable part of the education program in schools and madrasas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As for the preparation of the COUNSELING GUIDANCE program should pay attention to several considerations, including:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 354, "width": 418, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Arrange the program guide that is relevant to the needs of guidance in schools. Because with a program that is relevant to this need, it will be able to function according to the objectives to be achieved.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 405, "width": 419, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Consider the typical characteristics of the school, such as the type of school, the nature or purpose of the school, teachers, students with problems, and attitudes.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 457, "width": 418, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Should be held inventory of the various facilities that exist, including in it the clerk guidance that has been there as executive program guidance, the room that has been provided and can be used to expedite the course of service guidance in schools.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 525, "width": 419, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. It should be specified program of work is detailed and systematic in program guidance in the school based on the problems that are urgent to be addressed.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 577, "width": 418, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. It should be specified personnel, division of tasks and responsibilities are evenly distributed to consider a variety of factors, namely: the ability of interest, opportunity, and talent which is owned by the staff of the school were there.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 645, "width": 416, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Determine the organization, including in it is method cooperation in realizing the program guidance, how the functioning of the team or personnel, and their hierarchy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 697, "width": 419, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Should be held evaluation of program guidance that point to check how far the plan and arrangement of work that has to be implemented and how much is also a program of work that has to be realized.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 96, "width": 420, "height": 49, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Contents or activities are programmed, not only concerning the material that was about to be served but also methods of presentation as well as activities supporting (Nkechi, 2016)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 202, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of the program unit of activity is activity services and activities supporting the tip of the spear activities of guidance and counseling as a whole. Stages-taha pan that needs to be taken is a stage of planning, in which the program unit of the services and activities of support is planned in writing by loading the target, purpose, material, method, time, place, and plan assessment; Stages of implementation, program writing unit activities ( services or support ) implementation following the planning Phase assessment, has il activity measured by value; Phase analysis of the results, the results of the assessment are analyzed to determine the aspects that need to get the attention of more advanced and stage of follow up, results of activity followed by the results of the analysis were done previously, through services and or activities supporting the relevant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 428, "height": 117, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Needs to be a record of that associated with the implementation of program guidance and counseling, the counselor and teacher mentors hold a very important role, they are the tip of the spear implementing the program. Counselors and teachers mentor other than prosecuted have the knowledge and skills are appropriate to their duties, are also required to have a spirit of work are high, a sense of love towards his duty, sincerity, perseverance, and willingness to provide service for the sake of the interests of students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Provision of services guidance and counseling requires cooperation, compactness, mutual understanding, mutual help, and mutual support between the executors. Although something of service may be a task and a plan of counselors and teachers counselors, in practice oftentimes requires the participation and assistance of the executive education more.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relationship and work together counselor for teacher supervisor is also influenced by the concern and leadership of the head of school. Implementation of guidance and counseling is also influenced by the role of the head of a team of guidance and counseling in coordinating, holding synchronization, push and move the various types of activities of service guidance that is already planned.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 428, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The success of the implementation of program guidance and counseling in addition to depending on the performance of the manager and its implementation is the head of the school, the head of the team counseling guidance, and the counselor or teacher supervisor, also requires the support of infrastructure, instruments, and materials are adequate. Communication and working together between the teams counseling guidance with majors in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 49, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Institutions of Higher Education Teaching (LPTK) can help make it easier to get the instruments and materials are needed in the implementation of program guidance and counseling (Hikmawati, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 340, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The findings of both studies have demonstrated that the implementation of the field guidance services academic or learn running smoothly in helping students learn finishing problems that happen to him. The role of guidance and counseling teachers in learning academic guidance services at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan is carried out by providing tutoring services, group guidance services, individual counseling services, and others related to student learning problems, which is expected in this service can help students develop study skills, understand the subject matter and implement good study habits to be able to master the knowledge, skills and develop their knowledge. This is also following what was stated by (Kanga, 2015) that the strengthening of attitudes and learning habits that are effective and efficient and productive, both in seeking information from various learning sources, attitude towards teachers and other resource persons, developing learning skills, doing lesson assignments, and running learning outcomes assessment programs. Strengthening the mastery of learning program materials in public high schools under the development of science, technology, and the arts. Strengthening understanding and utilization of physical, social, and cultural conditions in schools, the surrounding environment, and the community for knowledge development and personal development as well as learning orientation in connection schools/colleges.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 491, "width": 428, "height": 117, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In summary, the service in the field of academic guidance at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan has been carried out properly by providing guidance and counseling program services that lead to the academic field of students. The role of counseling guidance teachers, school principals, curriculum vice principal has been carried out but only limited time in providing guidance and counseling programs at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 428, "height": 134, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The findings of these three studies indicate that the implementation of the field of personal guidance at the Modern Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan has been carried out well by giving students direction to students to be able to solve problems that exist in themselves and develop their abilities or potential. The role of the guidance and counseling teacher is also following what is expected in the provision of services related to personal guidance. which in the implementation of personal guidance services the guidance and counseling teacher's efforts are to develop the talents, potential, and skills of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 49, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "each student by inviting students to be more creative and productive in supporting the potential that exists in themselves, such as providing facilities and infrastructure that can generate ideas. creative students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is following the opinion of (Saputra, 2017)that personal guidance is a set of efforts to help students to be able to face their problems, make personal adjustments, and recreational activities that are of value, as well as effortless. themselves in solving their personal, recreational, and social problems. The essence of the notion of personal guidance put forward by (Sugiyanto, 2009) is personal guidance given to students so that they can face and solve personal problems that exist in themselves independently. This is in line with the notion of personal guidance, which was put forward by (Prayitno & Amti, 2007) which revealed that personal guidance is a guidance effort in dealing with and solving personal problems, such as adjustment, dealing with conflicts, and relationships.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 428, "height": 152, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The findings of the four studies have shown that the implementation field of social counseling services running properly with the service counts the guidance and counseling program that leads to the field of social development. But so, they also found a lack of socialization of students to their environment, especially in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum shavings based on the case is role teacher guidance and counseling in MAS PMDU shavings in the provision of services such as service orientation, information, placed and guidance groups where Students are led to be more active in communicating, interacting, and socializing with their environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 491, "width": 428, "height": 168, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is also by the opinion according to (Asmani, 2012)who argues that the field of social guidance is a service field that helps students understand and assess and develop the ability of healthy and effective social relationships with peers, family members, and community members. wider social context based on character, social, and state responsibility. (Duane P, 2007) also argues that the main purpose of social guidance services is so that individuals who are guided can carry out social interactions well with their environment. Social guidance aims to assist individuals in solving and overcoming difficulties in social problems so that individuals can adjust well and reasonably in their social environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thus, from the analysis above and in the opinion of experts, that the implementation of social guidance services at the Modern Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan has been carried out properly and properly, but there are obstacles in implementing this service, namely limited time and inadequate facilities and infrastructure.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 14-28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 340, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The findings of this study indicate that the five the field of career guidance services implemented counseling guidance teacher-directed as the process of providing services to what he wants to k e wills so that students can understand what to yes take appropriate interests and talents. Such as career development orientation services at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan in the form of assisting guidance and counseling teachers by introducing a new environment that students want to live in such as knowledge of information on majors in school and so on, so students can find out what they will choose. after finishing school. This is in line with (Zaini, 2020) which suggests career guidance is a guidance service provided to individuals to be able to plan and develop their future, related to the world of education and the world of career. In the area of career guidance, guidance and counseling services at madrasas help students plan and develop their future careers. This field can be broken down into the following points: a) Consolidation of self-understanding regarding career tendencies to be developed, b) Consolidating career orientation and information in general, especially careers to be developed, c) Orientation and information on the world of work and business earn income to meet the needs of life, and d) Orientation and information on higher education, especially under the career to be developed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 439, "width": 428, "height": 186, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Career guidance is guidance to assist individuals in planning, developing, and solving career problems such as understanding positions and work tasks, understanding environmental conditions, planning, and career development, job adjustments, and solving career problems encountered. Career guidance is needed by students as a supporter of abilities in career planning that will be taken in the future. Career guidance helps students understand and recognize students' abilities and interests in a field. So that by following career guidance, students are expected to have a view that they will continue their studies or directly enter the world of work. However, currently, the counseling guidance services received by students are less than optimal, including career guidance, because there are no regular hours of counseling guidance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 428, "height": 117, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The students of Darul Ulum Asahan Islamic Private Islamic Boarding School are teenagers who are still in the developmental stage in planning a career. Career planning skills in students must begin with career exploration in students. So in the process requires maximum guidance. However, the existence of counseling services that are not optimal has an impact on students' unpreparedness in understanding the importance of careers. Many students experience indecision, uncertainty, and stress in making the final decision. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "impact that occurs is that students choose careers with origins that are not by their interests and talents, as well as choices based on following friends. This impact is a negative impact that will lead to final failure, which will make students unemployed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 428, "height": 288, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To overcome this problem, the school is required to further optimize counseling and guidance services. To achieve the expected results, the supervising teacher as a counselor is required to have creativity in providing guidance and counseling services to students to achieve optimal results. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to several factors that also influence career development, namely internal and external factors, both of which influence each other and interact positively with career choice and career development. (Neviyarni, 2009) asserts that some of these internal factors shape the uniqueness of an individual's personality, namely: 1) Intelligence level (student's ability to achieve achievement), 2) Special talent (a person's outstanding ability), 3) Interests (a persistent tendency in a person), 4) personality traits, 5) life values that are used as a guide to life, 6) knowledge, namely information held about the field of work and oneself, and 7) physical condition, such as height body, weight, gender. While some of these external factors are family socioeconomic status, student academic achievement, school education, demands attached to each position and each study or training program, and potential environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 428, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In summary, the implementation of career guidance services at the Private Islamic Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan has been carried out properly with the aim that students can understand, plan, choose, adapt and develop careers according to their interests and talents.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 86, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 427, "height": 186, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of guidance and counseling program in Madrasah Aliyah Private Boarding School Modern Darul Ulum Asahan already there and keep it running properly but not all guidance and counseling services carried out this is due to lack of infrastructure and insufficient estimation time. Guidance and counseling services that are often used are individual, individual counseling services, orientation services, information services, placement, and distribution services. Because when providing this service, students tend to have problems. The implementation of academic guidance services at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan has been carried out properly by providing guidance and counseling program services that direct students' academic fields. help students solve learning problems that occur to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 362, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 126, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Issue 2, Juny 2021 Page 14-28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 793, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 427, "height": 49, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "themselves. The role of COUNSELING GUIDANCE teachers, school principals, the curriculum vice principal has been carried out but only limited time in providing guidance and counseling programs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 427, "height": 151, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The implementation of the field of personal guidance at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan was carried out well by giving students direction to students to be able to solve personal problems that exist in themselves and develop their abilities or potential. The role of the guidance and counseling teacher is also following what is expected in the provision of services related to personal guidance. which in the implementation of services in the field of personal guidance and counseling teachers efforts to develop talent, potential, and skills in each student by inviting students to be more creative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 302, "width": 427, "height": 117, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The implementation of services in the field of social guidance at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan has been running socially properly by providing guidance and counseling program services that lead to the field of social development. The role of the guidance and counseling teacher is in the form of orientation, information, placement, and group guidance services in which students are led to be more active in communicating, interacting, and socializing with their environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 422, "width": 427, "height": 100, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The feasibility of career guidance services at Madrasah Aliyah Private Islamic Boarding School Darul Ulum Asahan is carried out by providing understanding to students regarding understanding, planning, choosing, adapting, and developing careers according to their interests and talents and being productive in supporting their potential, such as providing facilities and infrastructure that can generate students' creative ideas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 558, "width": 315, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amin, S. M. (2010). Bimbingan dan Konseling Islami . Amzah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 573, "width": 429, "height": 29, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asmani, J. M. (2012). Buku Paduan Internalisasi Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah . Diva Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 603, "width": 330, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Duane P, S. (2007). Theory of Personality . Thomson Wadsword.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 327, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hikmawati, F. (2014). Bimbingan dan Konseling . Rajawali Pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 429, "height": 118, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kanga, B. M. (2015). Effectiveness Of Guidance And Counselling Services In Enhancing Students’ Adjustment To School Physical Environment In Public Boarding Secondary Schools In Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research , 3 (7). Kompri. (2016). Manajemen Pendidikan: Komponen-komponen Elementer Kemajuan Sekolah . Ar-Ruzz Media. Lexy Moleong. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif . PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Neviyarni. (2009). 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Kencana Prenada Media Group.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 575, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright Holder :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 592, "width": 76, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Name. (2021).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 183, "top": 617, "width": 232, "height": 36, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "First Publication Right : © International Journal of Education, Social Studies, and Management (IJESSM)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 654, "width": 94, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This article is under:", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 72, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jambura Equilibrium Journal, 6(2) 2024", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 389, "top": 110, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 6. Issue 2. July 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 440, "top": 120, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN 2655-9110", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 440, "top": 130, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2656-0445", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 139, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/equij", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 318, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Correlations Between Economic Growth and Socio-Economic Indicators in Nagan Raya Regency", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 218, "width": 315, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariska Noviyanti 1 , Helmi Noviar 2 , Saiful Badli 3 1,2,3 Development Economics, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Teuku Umar, Aceh, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 288, "width": 315, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationship between economic growth and poverty, income inequality, and the quality of human resources. This study uses secondary data, namely time series data over 15 years from 2007-2021. The results of the empirical research show that economic growth is weakly correlated with poverty, income inequality, and human resource quality. In addition, it does not show any causal relationship. However, it is interesting that there is a negative correlation between poverty and the human development index and a positive and negative correlation between poverty and inequality. Several policy implications are recommended to the government about the results of the study and empirical analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 395, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Economic Growth; Inequality;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 301, "top": 395, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Poverty; Human", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Development Index", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 512, "width": 457, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author | This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 578, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Economic growth can reduce poverty but the relationship is still debated (Balasubramanian et al., 2023; Ravallion, 2001) and the other side states that there is insufficient evidence that economic growth is associated with an increase in HDI and a decrease in poverty but HDI and inequality can reduce poverty, while an increase in income inequality will further increase poverty and vice versa by Sihombing et al. (2023); Saragih, (2022); Maharda & Aulia, (2020). Furthermore, the success of a country's economy can be reflected in the development and increase in the growth of economic activity every year by Yuniarti et al (2020). This means that economic growth can be used as one measure to measure the performance of economic development in a country and at the regional level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 668, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the context of development strategies, economic growth is closely related to productivity, poverty, income equality, and the quality of human resources or the human development index. However, the degree of relationship between economic growth and some of these indicators is still uncertain or variable (Booth, 1997; Eşitsizliği & Büyüme, 2022). Some re cent studies have shown a relationship between some socioeconomic indicators and economic growth (Randa & Sentosa, 2020; Azizah, 2022). However, there are also some other studies that show no effect of these socioeconomic indicators on economic growth, employment availability, and income distribution. These economic indicators become a reference in the quality of development carried out by the central and regional governments so as not to be trapped in the middle- income trap as found by (Eşitsizliği, 2022). Misallocation of appropriate resources is a frequent \"traditional\" mistake in developing countries, leading to income inequality and poverty or at least being entrapped in a middle-income trap (Banerjee & Duflo, 2007; Banerjee & Moll, 2010; Eşitsizliği & Büyüme, 2022). Government spending in several studies contributes to the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 187, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article History:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 206, "width": 105, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received on 02 Feb 2024 Revised on 06 Mar 2024 Accepted on 19 Apr 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 251, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.37479", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 273, "width": 110, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indexing: Google Scholar ; Portal Garuda ; Crossref ; SINTA 3 (Science And Technology Index)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 340, "width": 104, "height": 89, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions. international license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 67, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "improvement of socio-economic conditions in developing countries (Gaiha et al., 2012; Imai et al., 2015; Fosu, 2017). Prabowo's (2020) found the polarization of economic indicators with economic growth and Yusuf & Halim's study (2021) related to employment and income inequality. Study conducted by Azis (2022) states that Boeke's dualism theory (1953) states that inequality will occur if a sector contributes to economic growth but is unable to absorb all available resources. For example, investment in the mining sector is export-oriented, but is followed by importing a number of capabilities including human resources that can exacerbate inequality and poverty. This problem is also related to the limitations of education that produces human resources. In addition, the gap between the leading sector and small and medium enterprises is widening. This has led to higher income inequality despite improving economic growth.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 167, "width": 456, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Economic growth can be interpreted as economic development characterized by an increase in the number of goods and services produced by the community, which will result in an increase in the level of public welfare and this economic growth can also be used as a measure of economic performance (Sihombing et al., 2023). Kuznet said that growth and poverty are closely related, because in the early stages of the development process, the poverty rate tends to increase and in the final stages the number of poor people gradually decreases (Azis, 2022); Rachman et al., 2023). Liyanage (2013) study also states that economic growth contributes to poverty and inequality reduction, while the quality of institutions or governance can also contribute to poverty and inequality. As explained by (Azis, 2022); Rachman et al. (2023), poverty levels are also influenced by several things such as the average income level in a region. The higher the income level, the greater the opportunity for budget provision to address poverty issues. However, this distribution must be right on target, otherwise it will only exacerbate poverty and cause social and economic problems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 456, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Poverty is one of the causes of the limited ability of millions of people to fulfill their needs for food, clothing and shelter (Yuniarti et al., 2020). Poverty can also be interpreted as a crucial problem that is not only seen from the economic aspect, but also from broader aspects such as social, health, education, culture, and politics. This is also strengthened by structural theory (Azis, 2022; Susanto & Pangesti, 2019) which states that the causes of poverty are also caused by world economic politics in addition to cultural issues and economic development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problems related to poverty are also explained in the vicious circle theory of poverty. This theory explains that a person who is in a vicious cycle of poverty is characterized by conditions of underdevelopment, market imperfections, and capital shortages that lead to low productivity. Low productivity will result in low income received, low income received will also result in low savings and investment. Low investment and savings will lead to underdevelopment and so on without being able to get out of the poverty cycle (Susanto & Pangesti, 2019; Rachman et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 456, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inequality and poverty are two things that cannot be separated. This was also stated by Sugiyarto et al. (2016) who explained that there is a pragmatic relationship between income inequality and poverty. There are two views on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, namely the view that economic growth has a positive effect on income inequality and the second view that economic growth has a negative effect on income inequality. The theory that shows a positive effect on income distribution is social theory, but only in the early stages of development and is (Kim, 2016; Wolde et al., 2022). The same thing was also found by Iskandar & Subekan, (2016) who attributed several factors that can affect poverty, including economic growth that has not been able to reduce poverty because economic growth has not been evenly distributed in every layer of society. While previous study by found that a high level of economic growth cannot effectively reduce the problem of income inequality since there are still many people who are below the minimum standard of living and cannot reduce the number of poor people (Istiqamah et al., 2018). In effect the benefits of economic growth are not necessarily felt by every community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 545, "width": 456, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research related to this can be traced to Hussain et al. (2023) who found that income inequality also has a negative relationship with sustainable economic growth, hindering the economy's ability to promote sustainable economic growth. Previous research conducted by Sulistyaningrum et al. (2022) explained that economic growth has no relationship with income inequality and income inequality also has no relationship with the human development index, but has a relationship with the Provincial Minimum Wage. However, research by Imai et al. (2015) and (Fosu, 2017) found that economic indicators are interconnected, and some of them have a significant role in reducing or increasing poverty. For example, income or economic growth can reduce poverty. Meanwhile, inequality has a negative correlation with poverty in many developing countries. Therefore, this study will identify the direction of the relationship between several important socio-economic indicators to strengthen the government's policy direction in addressing socio-economic issues such as poverty, inequality, and human capital quality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Furthermore, the Human Development Index (HDI) itself can spur economic growth and reduce income inequality if the quality of human resources increases. An increase in human resources in a region will help the region's development process. High ability can be reflected in the level of education. The higher a person's education, the better the quality of human resources. Good quality human resources can increase labor productivity which in turn will get a job by generating high income. Thus, the higher the quality of human resources will improve the welfare of the community and also have a great opportunity not to fall into poverty (Susanto & Pangesti, 2019; Djokoto, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 744, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rostow's theory explains the stages of economic development with government spending consisting of an early stage with a very large percentage of government investment, an intermediate stage with greater private investment but still requires government investment because the government must provide many and quality", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 67, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "public goods and services due to market failures caused by the large role of the private sector (Azis, 2022). In the advanced stage, government activities shift to providing infrastructure for social activities such as public health service programs and other programs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study examines the relationship between several socio-economic indicators, such as the poverty rate, quality of human resources, income equality and economic growth in Nagan Raya Regency. Unlike previous studies, the study and analysis are conducted in the context of the accuracy of government spending in improving socio- economic performance as contained in the socio-economic indicators released by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province. High economic growth must be balanced with income equality, improving the quality of human resources so as to alleviate the problem of poverty and other problems such as income inequality, high unemployment due to the low quality of human resources and of course can hamper the performance of the development process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 198, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHODOLOGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 220, "width": 455, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data used in this article were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province from 2007- 2021. The analysis model uses a correlation coefficient to measure the degree of relationship between variables and then the Granger Causality test is also conducted to obtain a causal relationship between the economic growth variable (growth) 𝑌 𝑡 in Nagan Raya Regency and several socio-economic indicators in Nagan Raya Regency 𝑋 𝑡 . These socioeconomic indicators include the number of poor people, human development index (HDI), income inequality (Gini ratio).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 287, "width": 196, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑟 = 𝑛 ∑ 𝑋 𝑡 𝑌 𝑡 𝑛 𝑖=1 − ∑ 𝑋 𝑡 ∑ 𝑌 𝑡 𝑛 𝑡=1 𝑛 𝑡=1 √∑ 𝑋 𝑡 2 − (∑ 𝑋 𝑖 ) 2 𝑛 𝑡=1 𝑛 𝑡=1 √𝑛 ∑ 𝑌 𝑖 2 − (∑ 𝑌 𝑡 ) 2 𝑛 𝑡=1 𝑛 𝑡=1", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 336, "width": 459, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The causality test method uses the linear Granger causality test (Asteriou & Hall, 2021; Bai et al., 2010) the test method can be written as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 355, "width": 143, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑦 𝑡 = 𝜑 1 + ∑ 𝜃 𝑖 𝑥 𝑡−𝑖 + ∑ 𝛽 𝑖 𝑦 𝑡−𝑖 𝑝 𝑖=1 𝑝 𝑖=1 + 𝑢 𝑡", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 225, "top": 398, "width": 145, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑥 𝑡 = 𝜑 2 + ∑ 𝜔 𝑖 𝑦 𝑡−𝑖 + ∑ 𝛾 𝑖 𝑥 𝑡−𝑖 𝑝 𝑖=1 𝑝 𝑖=1 + 𝑣 𝑡", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The null hypotheses are 𝐻 0 : 𝜃 1 … 𝜃 𝑝 = 0 and 𝐻 0 : 𝜔 𝑖 … 𝜔 𝑝 = 0 where there is no causal relationship between xy, while the alternative hypotheses are 𝐻 1 : 𝜃 1 … 𝜃 𝑝 ≠ 0 and 𝐻 1 : 𝜔 𝑖 … 𝜔 𝑝 ≠ 0 where there is has causal relationship.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 577, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Theoretical Framework", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 599, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 461, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The socio-economic indicator of poverty has a high gap between the lowest and highest figures with a standard deviation of 2,474 people. Meanwhile, the lowest inequality index reached 0.219 and the highest inequality reached 0.308. The inequality index is still moving relatively well. The average human development index is 53.4 percent. Nagan Raya's economic growth once only grew 2.6 percent and the highest reached 6.7 percent. This fluctuating movement of economic growth requires stability in economic activity and controlled inflation. The source of economic growth does not only rely on a few sectors, but also requires other sources of growth, especially those directly related to poverty alleviation. Overall, the normality test using the Jarque-Berra test shows that the data under study are normally distributed, except for the poverty data (Table 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 711, "width": 342, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Descriptive Overview of Economic Indicators in the Regency of Nagan Raya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 517, "width": 292, "height": 256, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "GROWTH HDI GINI RATIO POVERTY Mean 4.131 53.407 0.256 32145.330 Median 3.950 65.580 0.255 31320 Maximum 6.770 69.310 0.308 40000 Growth", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 507, "width": 41, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Poverty Inequality GR", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 311, "top": 543, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HDI", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 147, "top": 68, "width": 292, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minimum 2.620 0.000 0.219 29930 Std. Dev. 1.057 27.699 0.027 2474.645 Skewness 1.157 -1.484 0.270 2.216 Kurtosis 3.813 3.229 1.942 7.917 Jarque-Bera 3.759 5.541 0.883 27.391 Probability 0.153 0.063 0.643 0.000 Sum 61.960 801.110 3.834 482180 Observations 15 15 15 15 Source: BPS Data of Aceh Province, (Author's Calculation, 2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 171, "width": 461, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Economic growth in Nagan Raya Regency in each year experienced fluctuating changes. The most declining economic growth occurred in 2011, which reached 2.62. However, there was an increase in the following years. The highest increase occurred in 2019 which reached 6.77 percent. This increase did not last until the following year, because in 2020 and 2021 it decreased. Even the decline in 2020 was almost half of the economic growth in 2019. Meanwhile, 2021 experienced an increase compared to 2020, but this growth was still not comparable to economic growth in 2019 (Figure 1). The economic growth rate in the latest data is not much different from the poverty rate in the 2007 data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 410, "width": 263, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: BPS Data of Aceh Province, (Author's Calculation, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 420, "width": 231, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Economic Growth Rate in Nagan Raya Regency", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 461, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. illustrates that poverty in Nagan Raya Regency experiences changes in poverty alleviation every year. This also shows that the poverty problem is almost similar to the economic growth rate, namely in 2019 which shows the success of poverty alleviation because poverty in 2019 experienced the highest decline, reaching 29,930 people from a population of 167,294. Then in 2020 and 2021 it increased again, reaching 29,990 people and 30,710 people from a population of 168,392 people and 170,591 people in 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 502, "width": 462, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To encourage economic growth in Nagan Raya Regency is by government intervention through government fiscal regulations and policies in the form of direct spending and indirect spending to fund government programs. Government programs in Nagan Raya Regency include the Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) program, assistance for the elderly, basic food assistance for cardholders of the Family Hope Program (PKH), Family Indonesia Prosperity (KIS), Smart Indonesia Program (PIP), Smart Indonesia Program for College (PIP-K), and other programs. These programs are funded by the Nagan Raya Regency government so that economic growth increases, income equality occurs, poverty decreases and the quality of resources increases. Based on the description of the problem, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic growth with poverty, income inequality, and improving the quality of Human Resources in Nagan Raya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 602, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Comparability of Nagan Raya's Economic Indicators 2007-2021", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 213, "top": 624, "width": 177, "height": 153, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Year Poverty IPM Gini Ratio 2007 40,000 0 0.228 2008 33,200 0 0.255 2009 30,860 0 0.308 2010 32,800 63.57 0.237 2011 33,600 64.24 0.228 2012 32,770 64.91 0.219 2013 32,660 65.23 0.226 2014 31,910 65.58 0.278 2015 31,320 66.73 0.274 2016 30,310 67.32 0.282 2017 31,060 67.78 0.231 2018 31,060 68.15 0.284 2019 29,930 69.11 0.252 2020 29,990 69.18 0.275", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 169, "top": 258, "width": 271, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.49 3.633.46 4.12 2.62 3.7 3.4 3.42 4.17 4.05 3.95 4.29 6.77 3.36 5.53 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 % YEAR", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 213, "top": 68, "width": 178, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2021 30,710 69.31 0.257 Source: BPS Data of Aceh Province, (2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 461, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The government makes various efforts to spur the economy, one of which is through government spending or regional spending, both direct and indirect spending. Indirect expenditures incurred by the government, such as social assistance expenditures issued to improve the welfare of the community, turn out to make people dependent and unproductive because they are too dependent on government assistance. Poverty, income inequality and the human development index are not closely correlated with economic growth. This means that no matter how much the government spends in the form of direct and indirect expenditure to improve income equality, improve the quality of human resources and reduce poverty in Nagan Raya Regency, it has no effect on economic growth. This declining income inequality is due to the development process that has not been as effective as the efforts of Nagan Raya Regency by providing assistance from government spending. So that it can reduce income inequality or income equality occurs. However, this income equalization does not last long or is only temporary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 209, "width": 461, "height": 107, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Thus, it can be concluded that the relationship between poverty and economic growth is positive but weak. Meanwhile, the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is also negative and weak. Then, the relationship between the human development index and economic growth is negative but the relationship is also weak. As economic growth increases, poverty increases but income inequality and human development index decrease. The significant and negative relationship between inequality and poverty is an interesting finding for further study. If poverty increases, inequality will decrease or vice versa. Although there is a correlation between the two variables, the direction of the correlation is opposite. This indicates that equitable development achievements in the social and economic sectors have not been achieved. The allocation of government expenditure and spending is one of the fiscal instruments that can be used to overcome this as reviewed by Masduki et al. (2022). However, social and cultural approaches in addressing economic indicator issues are also relevant and effective as suggested by Yusuf & Sumner (2015) and Azis (2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 462, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inequality is prone to social conflict, especially horizontal inequality that occurs between groups and between regions. Meanwhile, vertical inequality, usually measured by the gini ratio, is a vertical conflict. It is empirically proven that conflicts due to inequality are mostly caused by horizontal inequality (Tadjoeddin et al., 2021). However, it does not rule out the possibility that these conflicts can be triggered by vertical inequality. A budget distribution approach and the participation of village officials and communities in planning and prioritizing development needs need to be applied.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 461, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Planning process that starts from the availability of data, participation of leaders and communities is needed to provide sufficient information about the needs of public facilities and infrastructure as well as effective economic empowerment activities. According to Wuyts (2011) an effective development strategy in overcoming the problems of growth, inequality and poverty is an inclusive development plan. Attempts are made to improve the quality of human resources that lead to technology and digital. So that the quality of growth and employment opportunities are wide open. And the most basic for the institutional level in rural areas is that the quality of public services can be done well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 478, "width": 443, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Correlation Coefficient Matrix of Economic Growth with Poverty, Inequality and Human Development", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 488, "width": 272, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Index in Kabupaten Nagan Ray Poverty HDI Growth GR Poverty 1 -0.5566 0.0621 -0.5184 HDI -0.5566 1 0.0047 -0.1272 Growth 0.0621 0.0047 1 -0.0600 GR -0.5184 -0.1272 -0.0600 1 Source: BPS Data of Aceh Province, (Author's Calculation, 2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 583, "width": 461, "height": 117, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The government takes various efforts to spur the economy, one of which is through government spending or regional spending, both direct spending and indirect spending. Indirect expenditures incurred by the government, such as social assistance expenditures issued to improve the welfare of the community, turn out to make people dependent and unproductive because they are too dependent on government assistance. Poverty, income inequality and the human development index are not closely correlated with economic growth. This means that no matter how much the government spends in the form of direct and indirect expenditure to improve income equality, improve the quality of human resources and reduce poverty in Nagan Raya Regency, it has ineffective relationship on economic growth. This declining income inequality is due to the development process that has not been as effective as the efforts of Nagan Raya Regency by providing assistance from government spending. So that it can reduce income inequality or income equality occurs. However, this income equalization does not last long or is only temporary. Figure 2 shows that the population continues to increase, but poverty in Nagan Raya Regency does not experience major changes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 712, "width": 268, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Granger Causality Test Estimation Results Null Hypothesis: Obs F-Statistic Prob. Poverty → Growth 14 1.176 0.301 Growth → Poverty * 2.480 0.144 Gini_Ratio → Growth * 14 4.183 0.066", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 165, "top": 68, "width": 269, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth → Gini_Ratio 0.521 0.486 HDI → Growth * 14 6.038 0.032 Growth → HDI 1.171 0.302 Gini_Ratio → Poverty 14 0.291 0.600 Poverty → Gini_Ratio 0.037 0.852 HDI → Poverty ** 14 5.545 0.038 Poverty → HDI 0.265 0.617 HDI → Gini_Ratio 14 3.523 0.087 Gini_Ratio → HDI 1.931 0.192 Notes: Significant *10%, **5%. Source: BPS Data of Aceh Province, (Author's Calculation, 2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 461, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In line with the findings, the study by Handayani et al. (2022) found similar conditions in Central Java. Along with the increase in local government spending, the number of poor people also increased. Thus, it can be questioned to what extent the quality of government spending in addressing socioeconomic problems, which are related to poverty as well as improving the quality of resources and income inequality. It means that after government assistance is given and received by the community and if it is only consumed, income inequality will expand. This can also contribute to a decrease in the human development index if it is not accompanied by an increase in the human development index that is more directed towards the readiness of human resources such as women's empowerment, readiness of service providers in the fields of education and health, equitable distribution of quality education and health services, provision of a skilled and professional future workforce, and others. Solikhin (2021) found similar conditions, namely the existence of a significant relationship and influence between education and the improvement of the human development index. Hence, with better quality resources, services and access to public facilities will also upgrade.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 456, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "These research finding show that economic growth in Nagan Raya is not closely correlated with poverty, income equality, and improving the quality of human resources in line with Nurlina & Chaira's research, (2017) which found that economic growth has a negative and insignificant effect on income equality in Aceh Province. It is also closely in line with Yuniarti et al. (2020) which states that the human development index, poverty rate, and income inequality do not significantly affect the level of economic growth in Indonesia. However, it is difference with the research of Sihombing et al. (2023) who found that economic growth has a significant and negative effect on poverty and on the other hand stated that there is not enough evidence that economic growth has a significant effect in increasing HDI and reducing poverty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 445, "width": 456, "height": 186, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Using the Granger causality test, most economic indicators do not show a causal relationship (table 2). However, the quality of human resources or HDI indicates a causal relationship with economic growth in Nagan Raya Regency. In addition, the quality of human resources is also related to the poverty rate in this regency. Thus, it can be concluded that the improvement in the quality of human resources as indicated by the HDI index has increased the accessibility of the community, particularly in Nagan Raya, to health services, education, and some public facilities and infrastructure such as the utilization of health and education service cards. Development programs that have been executed by the district government, such as the acceleration of rural area development to improve services and community empowerment, require the full participation of rural stakeholders. Local wisdom, transfer of authority, and responsibility for public functions of the district government need to be carried out. In addition, increasing institutional capacity, especially in facilities and especially increasing the role and contribution of government employees in rural areas related to the digitalization era is important in accelerating the rural transformation process. These factors are still not optimally implemented, so the correlation between several socioeconomic indicators, especially inequality and poverty, has not been resolved. In line with this argument, in his article Azis (2020) mentions the importance of these factors being involved and coupled with cultural aspects and local capture which are still centralized in the planning of development programs in the regions. Empowerment programs through direct cash transfers, in a study by Banerjee et al. (2017) in several research samples, showed that they were increasingly laziness, which resulted in a decline in productivity and impacted on welfare. It is important to consider these cultural factors so that development processes and outcomes are positively correlated with socioeconomic indicators.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 457, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Overall, we can conclude that these economic indicators do not have a causal relationship, but have a unidirectional relationship. If analyzed based on the degree of relationship, on average, there is still a relatively low relationship between economic indicators and the growth of economic activity in the Regency of Nagan Raya. Therefore, regional expenditures for programs related to income participation, overcoming the poor and vulnerable to poverty are directed to target programs that are effective in reducing poverty and increasing employment. Public facilities and infrastructure programs related to social and economic activities in this regency also need to be directed at effective development and maintenance programs so that accessibility for social and economic activities is more dynamic. A well-allocated local government expenditure considers several important aspects of socio-economic indicators. The size of the allocation is not a priority, but the amount of budget available needs to take into account its effectiveness in reducing poverty. The strong negative correlation between inequality indicates that allocations that impact on income distribution are not equitable, as well as expenditure allocations that encourage economic production activities of a large number of middle- and lower-income people.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 67, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inclusive development approaches are relevant in reducing poverty, inequality, and improving the quality of growth and resources.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 120, "width": 438, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Asteriou, D., & Hall, S. 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[ { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 98, "top": 87, "width": 402, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STRATEGI PENINGKATAN KINERJA UKM PEMBUATAN TERASI DI KABUPATEN REMBANG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 221, "top": 126, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maslichan 1) Dian Ayu Liana Dewi 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 147, "width": 241, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Dosen Prodi Manajemen, STIE ‘YPPI’ Rembang email: [email protected], [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 215, "width": 384, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY IN TERASI PRODUCTION UKM BUSINESS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 274, "top": 242, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 428, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research aims to analyze and prove the factors that directly affect their business strategy in order to improve the performance of the terasi production in the district of Rembang and to analyze and prove the factors that directly affect business strategy in order to improve the performance of the terasi production in the district of Rembang. Respondents in this study were managers or owners of terasi production in the district of Rembang. The analysis technique uset test track path. The results of this study concluded that education, skill, and environmentally significant positive effect on improvement of the business strategy of terasi production in the district of Rembang. As well as education, skills, and environment as well as good business strategy will accelerate the improvement of business performance of terasi production in the district of Rembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 416, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: performance improvement, the business strategy, education, skills and the environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 430, "height": 203, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) merupakan kelompok usaha yang paling dapat bertahan ketika terjadi krisis ekonomi. Perkembangan jumlah unit usaha kecil menengah yang terus meningkat, hal ini tentunya akan membuka peluang kerja yang besar sehingga jumlah pengangguran berkurang. UKM memiliki peran yang sangat besar terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia, usaha kecil dan menengah mempunyai peran yang cukup besar dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional hal ini terlihat dari kontribusinya terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Bertambahnya unit-unit usaha kecil dan menengah peran kewirausahaan pelaku UKM sangat penting. Pengalaman di negara- negara maju menunjukan bahwa UKM adalah sumber dari inovasi produksi dan teknologi, pertumbuhan jumlah wirausahawan yang kreatif dan inovatif dan penciptaan tenaga kerja terampil dan fleksibel dalam proses produksi untuk menghadapi perubahan permintaan pasar yang cepat (Nurhidayati, 2013:2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 63, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberadaan UKM dilihat dari segi tingkat pendidikan pengelola dan kemampuan masih rendah, masih sedikit pengusaha UKM kita yang berpendidikan Sarjana. Fakta menunjukkan masih rendahnya kualitas sumber daya UKM khususnya dalam bidang manajemen, organisasi, penguasaan teknologi dan pemasaran. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan para pengusaha kecil dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 255, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menengah tersebut ternyata tidak diimbangi dengan upaya-upaya peningkatan kemampuan ( Capacity Building ) baik melalui pelatihan, pendidikan, maupun studi banding secara terprogram. Pada umumnya pengusaha kecil dan menengah dalam menjalankan usahanya berdasar pada pengalaman. Upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan masih belum merupakan prioritas. Lemahnya tingkat pendidikan dan kemampuan dari para pengusaha kecil dan menengah memberi berbagai dampak, di antaranya: (1) rendahnya inovasi, (2) lemahnya manajemen usaha, (3) rendahnya produktivitas, (4) rendahnya kualitas produk dan (5) lemahnya kemampuan mengakses modal usaha. Dampak yang diakibatkan dari rendahnya pendidikan dan kemampuan mengakibatkan rendahnya tingkat kinerja didalam UKM. Pada prinsipnya UKM mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan. Tetapi UKM masih mengandalkan aktivitas bisnisnya pada penyerapan tenaga kerja, sedangkan pada indikator ekonomi lainnya peran UKM masih relatif kecil. Dengan kondisi UKM demikian, maka untuk pengembangan UKM akan sulit mewujudkan UKM. Di sisi lain, kebijakan atas dasar pendekatan individu pun sulit dilakukan dengan berbagai keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah dan unsur masyarakat lainnya sebagai pembina UKM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui berbagai kondisi riil yang melemahkan tingkat kinerja UKM maka dilakukan kajian yang mendalam untuk menemukan solusi dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja UKM. Upaya-upaya untuk dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pengusaha UKM meliputi: (1) Pembentukan asosiasi untuk pembinaan UKM, (2) Pemberian sertifikasi kompetensi kepada UKM dalam pengelolaan usaha, (3) Penyelengaraan pelatihan dan bimbingan teknis manajemen usaha, (4) Pemberian insentif dan kemudahan fasilitas bagi UKM yang berprestasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 431, "height": 290, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berkaitan dengan gender , UKM menurut Tambunan (2002) di Negara-negara berkembang/miskin, termasuk Indonesia, banyak perempuan melakukan kegiatan ekonomi di luar rumah seperti menjadi pedagang kecil, pemilik warung dan membant suami mengelola usaha rumah tangga semata-mata untuk menambah pendapatan keluarga. Jumlah perempuan yang terlibat sebagai wirausaha di UKM, khususnya usaha kecil di Indonesia cukup signifikan, baik sebagai pemilik atau sebagai pimpinan usaha atau sebagai manajer bersama dengan suami. Data BPS (2008) menyebutkan bahwa terdapat angka peningkatan perempuan sebagai pelaku UKM yang cukup signifikan, yaitu dari 40,79% pada tahun 2000 menjadi 60%-80% dari jumlah 46-49 juta pelaku UKM pada tahun 2008. Dalam penelitian-penelitian psikologis menunjukan bahwa perempuan lebih bersedia untuk mematuhi wewenang dan laki-laki lebih agresif, dan kemungkinan lebih besar dari pada perempuan untuk memiliki harapan atas keberhasilan. Jenis kelamin pengelola UKM memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja. Tambunan (2006) menjelaskan bahwa perempuan berpotensi untuk melakukan berbagai kegiatan produktif yang menghasilkan dan dapat membantu ekonomi keluarga, dan lebih luas lagi ekonomi nasional. Perempuan sangat potensial dan memiliki kompetensi dalam pengembangan usaha kecil, menengah, maupun koperasi, baik perempuan tersebut sebagai pelaku bisnis, pengelola/pendamping atau sebagai tenaga kerja. Tentu saja masih terus ditingkatkan kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan profesionalismenya dengan peningkatan kemampuan dan keterampilannya. UKM pengolah ikan menjadi terasi pada umumnya di Kabupaten Rembang banyak dikelola ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang notabene tingkat pendidikannya sangat rendah, pengetahuan tentang manajemen usaha dan juga kemampuan dalam berusaha sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu hal ini sangat menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 174, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan kenyataan riil di masyarakat pengembangan UMKM pengolahan ikan menjadi terasi UKM di Kabupaten Rembang terhambat perkembangannya karena rendahnya tingkat kinerja para karyawannya, sehingga permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi strategi UKM pengolah ikan menjadi terasi di Kabupaten Rembang dan bagaimana peningkatan kinerja dalam pengembangan UKM pengolahan ikan menjadi terasi di Kabupaten Rembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 279, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 297, "width": 407, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Menganalisis dan membuktikan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap strategi usaha dalam rangka peningkatan kinerja pembuatan terasi di Kabupaten Rembang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 349, "width": 407, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menganalisis dan membuktikan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap strategi usaha dalam rangka peningkatan kinerja pembuatan terasi di Kabupatan Rembang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "TINJAUAN TEORITIS DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 436, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Strategi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 454, "width": 389, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi merupakan sebuah proses penyusunan langkah-langkah ke depan yang dimaksudkan untuk membangun visi dan misi organisasi, menetapkan tujuan strategis dan keuangan perusahaan, serta merancang bagaiamana cara kita tujuan yang telah ditetapkan bisa tercapai. Ada beberapa langkah yang ditempuh oleh UKM untuk merumuskan strategi di antaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 541, "width": 239, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Mengidentifikasi lingkungan yang akan dimasuki;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 558, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Melakukan analisis lingkungan internal dan eksternal;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 576, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Merumuskan faktor-faktor ukuran keberhasilan ( key success factors ) dari stretegi yang dirancang berdasarkan analisis ssebelumnya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 611, "width": 221, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Menentukan tujuan dan target yang terukur;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 628, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Memilih strategi yang paling sesuai untuk mencapai tujuan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. (Hariadi: 2005).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 663, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kinerja", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 681, "width": 389, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja atau performance adalah hasil kerja atau output yang dicapai oleh seseorang atau kelompok orang dalam organisasi, sesuai dengan wewenang dan tanggung jawab masing-masing dalam rangka mencapai tujuan organisasi. Apabila kinerja individu baik, maka kemungkinan besar kinerja perusahaan atau organisasi akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 87, "width": 389, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "baik. Menurut Mathis dan Jackson (2001) berpandangan bahwa kinerja adalah fungsi dari kemampuan, usaha dan dukungan. Secara empiris dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 139, "width": 119, "height": 64, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja = f(A x E x S) A = Abitlity (kemampuan) E = Effort (usaha) S = Support (dukungan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 209, "width": 389, "height": 133, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor (A) berhubungan dengan rekrutmen dan seleksi yaitu kemampuan alami dengan memilih orang berbakat dan memiliki minat yang tepat dengan pekerjaan yang diberikan. Faktor (E) merupakan usaha yang dilakukan seseorang yang dipengaruhi oleh masalah sumber daya manusia, seperti motivasi, insentif dan rancangan pekerjaan. Faktor (S) merupakan dukungan organisasi seperti, pelatihan, konsistensi manajemen, pengembangan karier karyawan yang jelas dan adil, peralatan yang disediakan memadai dan harapan. Kinerja individu dapat dilihat dari tiga elemen yang utama yaitu: produktivitas, kualitas dan pelayanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 349, "width": 389, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan kinerja individu dapat diawali dengan menetapkan standard kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan tujuan yang akan dicapai, kemudian diproyeksikan pada standard kinerja individu. Penilaian kinerja individu dilakukan dengan membandingkan kinerja aktual dengan standard kinerja yang ditetapkan. Variabel- variabel yang mempengaruhi kinerja antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 436, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Rancangan pekerjaan (tugas-tugas, kegiatan-kegiatan yang akan dilakukan, beban kerja);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 471, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Hubungan organisasi (gaya pengawasan/kepemimpinan, tim kerja, kondisi psikologis kerja, lingkungan kerja, jam kerja dll);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 506, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Kinerja objektif (berhubungan dengan kinerja objektif: kompetensi, pengetahuan/pendidikan, skill dan kemampuan);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 541, "width": 72, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Organisasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 558, "width": 389, "height": 186, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pengertian bebas, kinerja ( performance ) dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pencapaian hasil kerja sesuai dengan aturan dan standar yang berlaku pada masing- masing organisasi kerja. Simamora (2001:327) mengatakan bahwa kinerja merupakan suatu pencapaian persyaratan-persyaratan pekerjaan tertentu yang akhirnya secara langsung dapat tercermin dari output yang dihasilkan baik jumlah maupun kualitasnya. Output yang dihasilkan sebagaimana yang dikatakan Simamora di atas dapat berupa fisik maupun nonfisik. Pada organisasi kerja di mana outputnya dapat terindentitifikasi secara individu dalam bentuk kuantitas seperti pabrik rokok, indikator kinerja pekerjanya dapat diukur dengan mudah, yaitu dari besarnya output yang dicapainya dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Namun pada unit kerja kelompok atau tim, kinerja tersebut agak sulit teridentifikasi secar kuantitas secara individual. Dalam hubungan ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 87, "width": 389, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Simamora, 2001:327), kinerja antara lain dapat dilihat dari indikator-indikator berikut: kepatuhannya terhadap segala aturan yang telah ditetapkan dalam perusahaan, dapat melaksanakan tugasnya tanpa kesalahan (dengan tingkat kesalahan paling rendah) dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Beberapa pengertian tentang kinerja sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 157, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Kinerja merupakan seperangkat hasil yang dicapai dan merujuk pada tindakan pencapaian serta pelaksanaan sesuatu pekerjaan yang diminta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 192, "width": 392, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Kinerja merupakan salah satu kumpulan total dari kerja yang ada pada diri pekerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 209, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Kinerja dipengaruhi oleh tujuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 227, "width": 389, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Kinerja merupakan suatu fungsi dari motivasi dan kemampuan. Untuk menyelesaikan tugas atau pekerjaan, seseorang harus memliki derajat kesediaan dan tingkat kemampuan tertentu. Kesediaan dan keterampilan seseorang tidaklah cukup efektif untuk mengerjakan sesuatu tanpa pemahaman yang jelas tentang apa yang akan dikerjakan dan bagaimana mengerjakannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 314, "width": 376, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Kinerja merujuk kepada pencapaian tujuan karyawan atas tugas yang diberikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 331, "width": 389, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Kinerja merujuk kepada tingkat keberhasilan dalam melaksanakan tugas serta kemampuan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Kinerja dinyatakan baik dan sukses jika tujuan yang diinginkan dapat tercapai dengan baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 384, "width": 389, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7) Pencapaian tujuan yang telah ditetapkan merupakan salah satu tolok ukur kinerja individu. Ada tiga kriteria dalam melakukan penilian kinerja individu, yakni: (a) tugas individu; (b) perilaku individu; dan (c) ciri individu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 436, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8) Kinerja sebagai kualitas dan kuantitas dari pencapaian tugas-tugas, baik yang dilakukan oleh individu, kelompok maupun perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 471, "width": 389, "height": 133, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja sebagai fungsi interaksi antara kemampuan atau ability (A), motivasi atau motivation (M) dan kesempatan atau opportunity (O), yaitu kinerja = ƒ (A x M x O). Artinya: kinerja merupakan fungsi dari kemampuan, motivasi dan kesempatan. Dengan demikian, kinerja ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor kemampuan, motivasi dan kesempatan. Kesempatan kinerja adalah tingkat-tingkat kinerja yang tinggi yang sebagian merupakan fungsi dari tiadanya rintangan-ringtangan yang mengendalakan karyawan itu. Meskipun seorang individu mungkin bersedia dan mampu, bisa saja ada rintangan yang menjadi penghambat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 611, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kinerja Usaha Kecil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 628, "width": 389, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja perusahaan adalah hasil dari banyak keputusan individu yang dibuat secara terus menerus oleh manajemen. Untuk mengukur kinerja perusahaan, akan lebih baik jika didasarkan pada ROI bukan pada margin laba/ profit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 681, "width": 389, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Baswir (1995) bahwa ada 4 faktor penyebab utama rendahnya kinerja usaha kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia yaitu: 1) Hampir 60% usaha kecil masih menggunakan teknologi tradisional; 2) Pangsa pasar cenderung menurun karena kekurangan modal, lemahnya teknologi dan manajerial; 3) Sebagian besar usaha kecil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 87, "width": 389, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak mampu memenuhi persyaratan administratif guna memperoleh bantuan dari Bank; 4) Tingkat ketergantungan terhadap fasilitas pemerintah cenderung sangat besar. Sedangkan kendala-kendala yang umumnya dihadapi oleh usaha kecil dan menengah (UMKM) adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 157, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) produktivitas rendah,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 174, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) nilai tambah rendah,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 192, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) jumlah investasi yang sangat kecil,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 209, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) jangkuan pasar yang sempit,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 227, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) jaringan usaha sangat terbatas,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 244, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) akses ke sumber modal dan bahan baku terbatas,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 262, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7) manajemen yang masih belum profesional dan sumber daya manusia pada umumnya belum memiliki kualitas yang bisa bersaing untuk maju (Rizal, 2002).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 428, "height": 134, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksplanatif dengan teknik survey untuk menjelaskan hubungan kausalitas dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap peningkatan kinerja UKM pengolahan terasi. Di mana dalam penelitian ini variabel yang diteliti dimediasi oleh variabel strategi usaha. Untuk membuktikan hipotesis akan dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner pada sejumlah sampel yang ditentukan. Sebelum dilakukan uji hipotesis akan dilakukan uji instrumen terlebih dahulu. Dari data yang diperoleh dilakukan pengolahan data, kemudian baru dapat diambil kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dan diberikan saran untuk penelitian berikutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 428, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi penelitian ini berada di daerah Kabupaten Rembang khususnya untuk UMKM pengolah terasi, yang kebanyakan berada di kecamatan-kecamatan sepanjang jalur pantura di antaranya Kecamatan Kaliori, Kecamatan Rembang, Kecamatan Lasem, Kecamatan Sluke, Kecamatan Kragan, Kecamatan Sarang. Rencana waktu penelitian delapan bulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 428, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi penelitian ini meliputi semua pelaku UKM pengolahan terasi di sepanjang jalur pantura Kabupaten Rembang. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling secara purposive yaitu memilih UMKM pengolahan terasi dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 611, "width": 403, "height": 46, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. UMKM pengolahan terasi di jalur pantura Kabupaten Rembang yang terdiri dari Kecamatan Kaliori, Kecamatan Rembang, Kecamatan Lasem, Kecamatan Sluke, Kecamatan Kragan, Kecamatan Sarang;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 663, "width": 374, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. UMKM pengolahan terasi yang memiliki jumlah tenaga kerja maksimal 5 orang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 428, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara yang dilengkapi dengan kuesioner. Kuesioner digunakan sebagai panduan agar wawancara lebih terstruktur dan terstandar. Teknik wawancara digunakan sebagai pelengkap untuk memperoleh data yang tidak dapat dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner sekaligus sebagai cross-check terhadap data yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikumpulkan. Langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 122, "width": 403, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Menyusun kuesioner dan melakukan uji instrument dengan menggunakan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 157, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Membagikan kuesioner kepada responden sesuai kriteria;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 174, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menarik kembali kuesioner yang telah diisi oleh responden;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 192, "width": 403, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul ditabulasi, diolah, dan diinterpretasi sesuai tujuan penelitian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang diperoleh dari lapangan akan dianalisa dengan cara deskriptif dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik analisa statistik (SPSS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 262, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Metode Analisis Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 279, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Uji Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 297, "width": 371, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam bentuk kuesioner yang disusun berdasar indikator-indikator variabel. Untuk memperoleh data yang valid dan reliable dilakukan uji Instrumen yaitu dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas yaitu akan diujikan pada 20 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 366, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Uji Validitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 384, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji validitas digunakan untuk memperoleh hasil yang valid dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 401, "width": 371, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validitas yaitu hasil dari suatu alat ukur yang memiliki tingkat ketepatan dan kecermatan dalam pengujian responden. Untuk menguji validitas dipergunakan perhitungan koefisien korelasi product moment . Jika signifikansinya dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai dari r hitung dengan r tabel . Jika r hitung lebih besar dari r tabel dan nilai positif maka butir atau pertanyaan atau indikator tersebut dinyatakan valid Ghozali (2011:53).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 506, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 524, "width": 371, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian reliabilitas adalah tingkat kestabilan atau keajegan suatu alat pengukur dalam mengukur suatu gejala atau kejadian. Rumus yang digunakan adalah rumus koefisen cronbach alpha, menurut Nunnally dalam Ghozali (2011:48) bahwa suatu variabel atau konstruk dikatakan reliabel jika memberikan nilai cronbach alpha > 0,70 atau 70%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 611, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Teknik Analisis Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 628, "width": 385, "height": 64, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknis analisis yang digunakan dalam menguji hipotesis menggunakan analisis kuantitatif, diperoleh dari kuesioner yang diolah menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan model regresi mediasi (jalur path).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 698, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Pengujian jalur path", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 716, "width": 371, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis jalur bertujuan untuk menerangkan akibat langsung dan tidak langsung seperangkat variabel bebas terikat. Asumsi yang harus diperhatikan dalam analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 87, "width": 371, "height": 63, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jalur antara lain: hubungan antara variabel haruslah linier dan aditif, semua variabel residu tidak mempunyai korelasi satu sama yang lain, pola hubungan antara variabel adalah rekursif dan skala pengukuran semua variabel minimal interval.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 157, "width": 245, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Uji signifikansi parameter individual (uji Statistik t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 174, "width": 371, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menguji pengaruh variabel independen secara individual dalam menerangkan variasi variable dependen (Ghozali:2011) maka dilakukan uji statistik t sesuai dengan hipotesis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 227, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Uji determinasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 243, "width": 371, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) pada intinya mengukur seberapa jauh kemampuan model dalam menerangkan variasi variable dependen. Nilai koefisien determinasi adalah antara nol dan satu. Nilai R2 yang kecil berarti kemampuan variabel-variabel independen dalam menjelaskan variasi variabel dependen amat terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 428, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji instrumen dalam penelitian ini diuji cobakan pada 30 responden. Uji instrumen dala penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Hasil uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas akan diuraikan di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 401, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 419, "width": 385, "height": 222, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian reliabilitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh konsistensi suatu alat ukur yang digunakan. Pengujian ini menggunakan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha yang nilainya berkisar antara 0 hingga 1 dengan bantuan alat analisis Software SPSS for windows versi 19 . Menurut Nunnally dalam Ghozali (2011) suatu butir pernyataan dikatakan reliabel jika nilai Cronbach’s Alpha di atas 0,7. Semakin tinggi nilai Cronbach’s Alpha berarti semakin tinggi tingkat reliabilitas alat ukur yang digunakan. Pada tabel 1 memperlihatkan hasil uji reliabilitas instrumen penelitian berdasarkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha . Tabel 1. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Cronbach’s Alpha Pendidikan, Skill dan Lingkungan 0,894 Peningkatan Kinerja 0,807 Strategi Usaha 0,886", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 651, "width": 385, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji reliabilitas pada tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa setiap konstruk memiliki nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang dapat diterima yaitu diatas 0,70 sebagai kriteria minimal untuk dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 713, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Validitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 87, "width": 385, "height": 81, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji validitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan korelasi bivariat antara masing- masing skor indikator dengan total skor konstruk. Uji signifikansi dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai r hitung dengan r tabel untuk degree of freedom (df) = n – 2, dalam hal ini n adalah jumlah sampel, dengan jumlah sampel = 30, maka 30 – 2 = 28, diperoleh r tabel 0,3610.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 174, "width": 301, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Hasil uji validitas variabel dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 192, "width": 320, "height": 274, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Uji Validitas Variabel Pendidikan, Skill dan Lingkungan Pernyataan r hitung r tabel Kesimpulan 1 0,582 0,3610 Valid 2 0,725 0,3610 Valid 3 0,709 0,3610 Valid 4 0,750 0,3610 Valid 5 0,830 0,3610 Valid 6 0,696 0,3610 Valid 7 0,626 0,3610 Valid 8 0.598 0,3610 Valid 9 0,632 0,3610 Valid 10 0,513 0,3610 Valid 11 0,370 0,3610 Valid 12 0,725 0,3610 Valid 13 0,709 0,3610 Valid 14 0,750 0,3610 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 490, "width": 385, "height": 63, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji validitas untuk variabel pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan sebagaimana tabel 2 di atas menunjukkan bahwa nilai r hitung semua item pernyataan lebih besar dari r tabel , sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua item pernyataan variabel jasa layanan berbasis teknologi dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 560, "width": 385, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk uji validitas variabel peningkatan kinerja, dapat dilihat pada tabel 3 di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 595, "width": 328, "height": 117, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Validitas Peningkatan Kinerja Pernyataan r hitung r tabel Kesimpulan 1 0,656 0,3610 Valid 2 0,781 0,3610 Valid 3 0,846 0,3610 Valid 4 0,159 0,3610 Valid 5 0,727 0,3610 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 87, "width": 385, "height": 46, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas sebagaimana tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa nilai r hitung semua item pernyataan lebih besar dari r tabel , sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua item pernyataan variabel peningkatan kinerja dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 139, "width": 385, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk hasil uji validitas variabel strategi usaha dapat dilihat pada tabel 4 di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 174, "width": 278, "height": 117, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Validitas Variabel Strategi Usaha Pernyataan r hitung r tabel Kesimpulan 1 0,800 0,3610 Valid 2 0,923 0,3610 Valid 3 0,730 0,3610 Valid 4 0,800 0,3610 Valid 5 0,923 0,3610 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 316, "width": 385, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4 di atas, menunjukkan bahwa semua item pernyataan variabel strategi usaha valid karena nilai r hitung lebih besar dari r tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 350, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Analisis Data dan Pembuktian Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 368, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Pengujian jalur path ( Path Analysis )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 385, "width": 394, "height": 199, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Hasil output SPSS Pada Persamaan 1 Tabel 5. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .714 a .509 .504 2.254 a. Predictors: (Constant), PSL Tabel 6. Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) .693 1.703 .407 .685 PSL .330 .033 .714 10.083 .000 a. Dependent Variable: SU", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 157, "top": 608, "width": 358, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan data di atas dapat dilihat nilai unstandardized bêta pendidikan skill dan lingkungan (PSL) sebesar 0,330 dengan nilai signifikansinya sebesar 0,000 yang berarti pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan mempengaruhi strategi usaha. Nilai koefisien tersebut merupakan nilai path atau jalur dari pendidikan skill dan lingkungan (PSL) ke strategi usaha. Untuk besarnya nilai eror (e1) adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 713, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e1 = √1 − 0,509", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 733, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e1 = 0,7007", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 87, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Hasil output SPSS Pada Persamaan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 122, "width": 394, "height": 242, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7 Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .781 a .610 .602 1.881 a. Predictors: (Constant), SU, PSL Tabel 8 Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 3.674 1.422 2.583 .011 PSL .208 .039 .482 5.320 .000 SU .335 .084 .360 3.978 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 124, "top": 367, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: PK", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 157, "top": 402, "width": 356, "height": 133, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalau kita lihat hasil pengolahan data di atas dapat dilihat nilai unstandardized bêta pendidikan skill dan lingkungan (PSL) sebesar 0,208 dengan nilai signifikansinya sebesar 0,000 yang berarti pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan mempengaruhi atau bisa mempercepat peningkatan kinerja. Begitu pula dapat kita lihat pada nilai unstandardized bêta pada strategi usaha sebesar 0,335 juga signifikan dalam mempengaruhi atau bisa mempercepat peningkatan kinerja usaha yang dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansinya sebesar 0,000. Sedangkan nilai eror (e2) adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 541, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e2 = √1 − 0,610", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 560, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e2 = 0,6245", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 577, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Hasil Analisis Jalur", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 595, "width": 371, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari persamaan satu dan dua dapat digambarkan model analisis jalur ( path analysis ) sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 242, "top": 349, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Path Analysis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 142, "top": 384, "width": 371, "height": 133, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari gambar di atas dapat dilihat bahwa pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan dapat berpengaruh langsung (mempercepat) ke peningkatan kinerja dan dapat juga berpengaruh tidak langsung yaitu dari pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan ke strategi usaha (sebagai intervening) baru ke peningkatan kinerja. Besarnya pengaruh langsung sebesar 0,330 sedangkan besarnya pengaruh tidak langsung adalah 0,330 x 0,335= 0,11055 atau total pengaruh pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan ke peningkatan kinerja adalah 0,11055 + 0,208 = 0,31855. Untuk standar error dari koefisien indirect effect adalah sebagai berikut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 523, "width": 313, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sp2p3= √(0,335) 2 (0,033) 2 + (0,330) 2 (0,084) 2 + (0,03) 2 (0,084) 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 544, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sp2p3 = 0,029971577", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 579, "width": 371, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas dapat kita hitung nilai t statistik untuk pengaruh mediasi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 610, "width": 53, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t = 0,11055", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 156, "top": 622, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,029971577", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 637, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t = 3,688495", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 655, "width": 371, "height": 46, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena nilai t hitung sebesar 3,688495 lebih besar dari t tabel dengan tingkat signifikan 0,05 yaitu sebesar 1,9845, maka dapat kita simpulakan bahwa koefisien mediasi sebesar 0,11055 adalah signifikan yang artinya ada pengaruh mediasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 170, "width": 408, "height": 135, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Usaha Pendidikan, Skill dan Lingkungan Peningkatan Kinerja", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 187, "top": 218, "width": 289, "height": 105, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,330 0,335 0,208", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 326, "top": 100, "width": 36, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,7007", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 508, "top": 303, "width": 36, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,6245", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 87, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Uji Signifikan Parameter Individual (uji t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 105, "width": 371, "height": 45, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengolahan data di tabel 6 terlihat bahwa dari variabel pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan strategi usaha yaitu sebesar 0,330 dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,000 jauh di bawah 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 157, "width": 371, "height": 63, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu pula strategi usaha yang baik akan mempercepat peningkatan kinerja ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pengolahan data pada tabel 8. Terlihat bahwa nilai nilai unstandardized bêta sebesar 0,335 dengan probabilitas signifikansinya sebesar 0,000 jauh di bawah 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 227, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Uji Determinasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 244, "width": 371, "height": 98, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tampilan output SPSS pada tabel 5 terlihat bahwa besarnya adjusted R square sebesar 0,504 yang berarti 50,4% pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan strategi usaha. Begitu pula pada tabel 7 terlihat bahwa nilai adjusted R square 0,602 yang berarti 60,2%, pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan serta strategi usaha yang baik berpengaruh (mempercepat) terhadap peningkatan peningkatan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 428, "height": 81, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian sampai sejauh ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan berpengaruh positif signifkan terhadap peningkatan strategi usaha pembutan terasi di kabupaten Rembang. Begitu pula dengan pendidikan, skill dan lingkungan serta strategi usaha yang baik akan mempercepat peningkatan kinerja usaha pembutan terasi di kabupaten Rembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 489, "width": 428, "height": 63, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran yang dapat diajukan peneliti adalah pemerintah daerah kabupaten Rembang harus lebih meningkatkan lagi sumbangsihnya serta meningkatkan lagi pelayanan kepada UKM pembuatan terasi di Kabupaten Rembang dan untuk penelitian selanjutnya hendaknya dapat meneliti strategi lain yang mampu mendorong perkembangan dan peningkatan kinerja UKM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 585, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 380, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BPS Kab. Rembang, (2013), Rembang dalam Angka 2011-2012 , Kabupaten Rembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disperindagkop Kab. Rembang, (2006), Profil Perusahaan dan Business Directory , Rembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 395, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disperindagkop Kab. Rembang , (2006), Data Sentra Industri Kecil Menengah , Rembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 706, "width": 388, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disperindagkop Jawa Tengah, (2007), Data Sentra Industri Kecil Menengah, Semarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Peningkatan ……..( Maslichan & Dian Ayu Liana D.)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 783, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 02, No. 01, Februari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 313, "top": 782, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 438, "top": 783, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No ISSN: 2442-885X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 399, "top": 38, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gunari, (2007), Kajian Tentang Profil UMKM Sukses, Jurnal Pengkajian Koperasi dan UMKM Nomor 5 , Deputi Bidang Pengkajian Sumberdaya UMKMK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ghozali, Imam, (2011), Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS . Badan Penerbit Undip.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gujarati, Damodar, (2003), Basic Econometrics. Fourth edition . The Mc Graw Hill.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hariyadi, Ratih, (2005), Pemasaran & Loyalitas Bauran Konsumen , Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidayati, Anik, (2013), Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja yang Berorientasi Kemitraan Lingkungan Pesisir di Kabupaten Rembang Guna Mendukung Pengembangan UMKM Pengolahan Ikan, Jurnal Potensio , STIE ‘YPPI’ Rembang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 275, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tambunan, Tagap, (2006), Pengkajian Peningkatan Daya Saing Usaha Kecil Menengah yang Berbasis Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal, Jurnal Pengkajian Koperasi dan UMKM Nomor 2 , Deputi Bidang Pengkajian Sumberdaya UMKMK.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 460, "top": 39, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "BAHASTRA", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 52, "width": 358, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 239, "top": 79, "width": 295, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "ISSN: 2550-0848; ISSN Online : 2614-2988 Vol. 4, No. 1, September 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 942, "width": 250, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 944, "width": 10, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "71", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 180, "top": 118, "width": 282, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 133, "width": 412, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "INTERAKTIFTERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERITA FANTASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA SISWA KELAS X-2 TINGKAT MATHAYOM DISEUKSASART ISLAM SCHOOL THAILAND SELATAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 191, "width": 264, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tiara Ashshiddiqie¹, Fauziah Suparman², AsepFirdaus³", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 206, "width": 233, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "1. PBSI Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi 2. PBSI Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi 3. PBSI Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 170, "top": 278, "width": 308, "height": 250, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Abstrak. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui adakahpengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif berupa Adobe Flash, terhadap kemampuan peserta didik di sekolah Seuksasart Islam Thailand Selatan, dalam menulis cerita fantasi. Adapun aspek-aspek yang dinilai dari tulisan para peserta didik meliputi isi, organisasi dan penulisannya. Subjek yang diambil dalam penelitian ini hanya terdiri dari satu kelas saja yaitu kelas X- 2. Instrumen yang digunakan di dalam penelitian terdiri dari tes, dokumentasi dan lembar observasi. Berdasarkan pada hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa , kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi pada siswa kelas X-2 di sekolah Seuksasart Islam School tidaklah terlalu bagus, jika melihat kepada hasil pretest mereka. Hanya beberapa siswa saja yang mampu mendapatkan nilai lebih dari 7.Setelah itu diberikanlah treatment berupa pembelajaran dengan media pembelajaran interaktif, dan kemudian kemampuan menulis mereka diuji kembali. Dapat terlihat adanya peningkatan nilai pada hasil posttest mereka. Namun meskipun mengalami peningkatan, nilai yang didapatkan masih belum memuaskan. Setelah diuji signifikansinya, dapat diketahui bawa peningkatan tersebut tidaklah signifikan.Jadibisa disimpulkan bahwa media itutidak cukup berpengaruh. Peningkatan yang paling banyak terjadi yaitu terletak pada aspek pemilihan judul, penyisipan amanat dan unsur-unsur cerita fantasi. Sementara pada bagian struktur dan penulisan tampaknya tidak banyak peningkatan yang terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 531, "width": 239, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran Interaktif,Cerita Fantasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 554, "width": 307, "height": 227, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Abstract. This study has the aim to know if there any influence from interactive learning media in the form of Adobe Flash, towards students’ abilities in Seuksasart Islam Schoolat southern Thailand, in writing fantasy stories. As for the aspects assessed from the students paper inludes content, organization and their writing skill. The subject that taken for this study consisted of only one class, it is the X-2 class. The instruments used in this study consisted of tests, documentation and observation sheets. Based on the results of data analysis that has been done, can be seen that, the ability to write stories of X-2 class students in Seuksasart Islam School it’s not really good, if you look at the results of their pretest. Only a few students are able to get more than seven grades. After that the treatment was given in the form of learning with interactive media, and then their writing skills were tested again. As you can see an increase in the value of their posttest results. But despite the increase, the value obtained is still not satisfactory. After testing the significance, it can be seen that the increase is not significant. So it can be concluded that the use of the media is not influential enough. The most frequent increase lies in aspects of title selection, insertion of mandates, and elements of fantasy story. While in the structure and writing section there seems to be not much improvement. Keyword: Interactive Learning Media, Fantasy Story.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 191, "height": 127, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "PENDAHULUAN Seiring berkembangnya zaman, terdapat berbagai perubahan yang perlu dilakukan. Berbagai permasalahan kerapkali tidak bisa diselesaikan dengan cara yang selalu sama atau tradisional. Keberadaan teknologi tampaknya menjadi salah satu solusi yang hadir untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut. Kata", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 338, "top": 784, "width": 192, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "“teknologi” sendiri merupakan serapan dari bahasa Inggris “ technology ” yang menurut Seel & Dijkstra dalam Rizal (2015:3) memiliki arti yaitu keseluruhan ilmu pengetahuan yang mencakup teori dan metode penelitian yang berlaku serta aturan yang berfungsi untuk memecahkan masalah dalam rangka mewujudkan suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 38, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tiara Ashshiddiqie¹, Fauziah Suparman², Asepfirdaus³", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 51, "width": 411, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas X-2 Tingkat Mathayom Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 80, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "seuksasart Islam School Thailand Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 942, "width": 250, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 515, "top": 944, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "72", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 95, "width": 191, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "tujuan, baik bagi masyarakat maupun individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 124, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Kemajuan teknologi ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 191, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "tampaknya juga telah berkembang di ranah pendidikan atau pembelajaran. Pendidikan sendiri bila dilihat dari segi prosesnya, pendidikan dapat diartikan sebagai perubahan yang diperlukan dalam memahami dunia luar, diri sendiri, dan hubungan dengan orang lain atau objek- objek yang ada di lingkungan sekitarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 255, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Sementara pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 265, "top": 255, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "menurut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 269, "width": 192, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Komalasari dalam Rizal (2015:4) didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem atau proses yang digunakan untuk membuat subjek didik belajar atau dengan kata lain pembelajar yang direncanakan atau didesain, dilaksanakan, dan dievaluasi secara sistematis agar pembelajar tersebut dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 400, "width": 192, "height": 141, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Kemajuan teknologi di bidang pendidikan atau pembelajaran ini tidak hanya berupa sebuah benda atau alat, namun berbagai ide-ide baru yang kreatif dan jnovatif dalam bentuk pendekatan, strategi, metode, dan model juga termasuk ke dalam teknologi di bidang pendidikan. Adapun teknologi pendidikan yang berbentuk alat yaitu seperti media pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 545, "width": 192, "height": 185, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Keberadaan teknologi ini tentunya bukan tanpa alasan, sebagaimana yang dikatakan oleh Seel dan Djikstradalam Rizal (2015:3), bahwa teknologi ada untuk membantu menyelesaikan berbagai masalah guna mencapai tujuan tertentu. Begitupun dengan teknologi di bidang pendidikan. Mereka diciptakan untuk menghadapi berbagai masalah yang telah ada maupun sebagai bentuk antisipasi bagi suatu hal yang berpotensi menjadi masalah di kemudian hari yang tentunya berkaitan dengan pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 192, "height": 184, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berbagai permasalahan yang terkait dengan pendidikan ini sangat beragam. Dimulai dari tingakatan terkecil seperti permasalahan dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Sebagaimana yang dikatakan oleh Cooney, Davis, dan Henderson dalam Widdiharto (2008:6) terkait masalah belajar yang kerapkali dialami oleh siswa, biasanya disebabkan oleh lima faktor sebagai berikut, faktor fisiologis yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan otak, lalu ada faktor sosial berupa pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari lingkungan sekitarnya,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 95, "width": 192, "height": 126, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "seperti orang tua dan teman. Selanjutnya ada faktor kejiwaan yang terkait dengan emosi, kemudian ada faktor intelektual karena adanya perbedaan tingkat kecerdasan pada tiap siswa dan faktor kependidikan yang bisa disebabkan oleh adanya kekurangan pada lembaga pendidikannya maupun dari pihak guru atau tenaga pendidiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 225, "width": 191, "height": 214, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Penulis mendapatkan kesempatan untuk melakukan penelitian di salah satu sekolah di negara Thailand bagian selatan. Sistem dan proses pembelajaran yang berbeda tentunya merupakan suatu ketertarikan tersendiri bagi penulis. Namun masalah pembelajaran yang dihadapi para siswa di sana tampaknya sama saja dengan masalah klasik yang biasa dijumpai di Indonesia. Berikut adalah keluhan yang kerapkali dilontarkan para siswa saat diwawancarai oleh penulis yaitu terkait dengan masalah pembelajaran yang membosankan dan juga kesulitan dalam memahami materi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 444, "width": 192, "height": 228, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pembelajaran yang membosankan bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti kuranganya penggunaan instrumen pembelajaran yang menarik atau tidak tepatnya pemilihan instrumen pembelajaran dengan kondisi dan situasi siswa. Begitupun dengan kesulitan dalam memahami materi juga bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, sebagai contoh materi dengan tingkat kesulitan yang cukup tinggi tidak bisa disampaikan dengan baik karena pemahaman sang guru yang kurang tentang materi tersebut. Atau bisa juga sang guru yang belum bisa memanfaatkan media pembelajaran untuk mengajarkan materi yang sulit tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 676, "width": 192, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Padahal apabila kita menilik dari beberapa fungsi media, penggunaanya mampu membantu menyelesaikan kedua permasalahan tersebut. Berikut penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai fungsi media yang dimaksud. Menurut Hamalik dalam Arsyad(2017:19), beberapa fungsi media pembelajaran yaitu mampu membangkitkan keinginan, minat,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 807, "width": 191, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "motivasi dan rangsangan belajar juga memberikan dampak psikologis bagi siswa.. Sejalan dengan teori sebelumnya, Asnawir dan Usman (2002:12)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 866, "width": 191, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "menyebutkan beberapa fungsi media yaitu untuk membantu memudahkan belajar bagi siswa dan membantu memudahkan mengajar bagi guru. Lalu dapat juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 38, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tiara Ashshiddiqie¹, Fauziah Suparman², Asepfirdaus³", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 51, "width": 411, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas X-2 Tingkat Mathayom Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 80, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "seuksasart Islam School Thailand Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 942, "width": 250, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 515, "top": 944, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "73", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 95, "width": 191, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "menarik perhatian siswa menjadi lebih besar dan jalannya proses pembelajaran tidak membosankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 192, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Masalah yang sama juga berlaku pada pembelajaran bahasa yaitu masalah kuranganya penggunaan instrumen pembelajaran yang menarik atau tidak tepatnya pemilihan instrumen pembelajaran dengan kondisi dan situasi siswa. Khususnya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia (yang notabenenya adalah bahasa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 255, "width": 192, "height": 213, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "asing) sehingga menjadikannya suatu kesulitan tersendiri bagi para siswa. Masalah lain terkait pembelajaran bahasa yaitu masalah yang sama-sama dihadapi oleh negara Indonesia dan Thailand, yaitu keduanya sebagai negara dengan tingkat literasi yang rendah. Padahal literasi merupakan salah satu skill yang dibutuhkan pada abad ke 21 ini. Literasi sendiri menurut National Institute for Literacy adalah kemapuan seorang individu dalam hal membaca, menulis, berbicara, mengitung dan memecahkan masalah pada tingkat keahlian yang diperlukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 458, "width": 192, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "dalam pekerjaan, keluarga dan masyarakat. Berdasarkan ranking tingkat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 502, "width": 191, "height": 126, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "literasi World Most Literate Countries yang dilakukan oleh Presiden Central Connecticut State University, John W. Miller pada tahun 2016, menyebutkan bahwa Indonesia berada di urutan ke 60 dari 61 negara, tepat berada di bawah negara Thailand. Indonesia dan Thailand merupakan negara di Asia Tenggara yang menduduki urutan terendah dalam literasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 633, "width": 192, "height": 286, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Sebagaimana yang telah disebutkan di atas, keterampilan seperti berbicara, membaca dan menulis merupakan keterampilan yang harus diperoleh dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Berdasarkan wawancara yang penulis lakukan dengan siswa-siswa di sana terkait dengan literasi ini, penulis mendapati bahwa cukup banyak siswa yang gemar membaca, namun tak banyak siswa yang suka dengan kegiatan menulis. Tentu saja karena menulis merupakan tingkatan paling akhir dalam kemahiran berbahasa, maka tidak mengherankan apabila menjadi materi yang cukup sulit untuk diajarkan. Namun semua masalah tentunya memiliki solusi, sebagaimana yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran yang merupakan hasil dari kemajuan teknologi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 95, "width": 191, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "setidaknya bisa membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 124, "width": 192, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan yang penulis temui di lapangan (sebagaimana yang telah diuraikan di atas), maka penulis memutuskan untuk membuat penelitian dengan judul “ Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran InteraktifTerhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Pada Tingkat Mathayom Di Seuksasart Islam School Thailand Selatan”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 269, "width": 192, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Penulis tentunya berharap bahwa pemilihan media dan materi pembelajaran yang penulis lakukan dapat menjawab persoalan yang ada di sekolah tersebut. Terkait dengan masalah dalam pembelajaran di kelas, khususnya saat pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, lebih spesifik lagi pada materi menulis cerita fantasi yang merupakan salah satu bagian dari penerapan literasi dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 415, "width": 192, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "pembelajaran bahasa. Berdasarkan pemaparan di atas, penulismerumuskan masalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 342, "top": 473, "width": 188, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "1. Bagaimana kemampuan menulis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 360, "top": 487, "width": 170, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "cerita fantasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada tingkat Mathayom di Seuksasart Islam School , Thailand selatan, sebelum menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 575, "width": 188, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "2. Bagaimana kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada tingkat Mathayom di Seuksasart Islam School , Thailand selatan, sesudah menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 676, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "3. Bagaimana pengaruh media", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 360, "top": 691, "width": 170, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "pembelajaran interaktif terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada siswa tingkat Mathayom di Seuksasart Islam School , Thailand selatan?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 778, "width": 195, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Adapun tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 342, "top": 807, "width": 188, "height": 69, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "1. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kemampuan para siswa di Thailand selatan dalam menulis cerita fantasi tanpa menggunakan bantuan media pembelajaran interaktif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 880, "width": 188, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "2. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan para siswa di Thailand selatan dalam menulis cerita fantasi setelah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 200, "top": 38, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tiara Ashshiddiqie¹, Fauziah Suparman², Asepfirdaus³", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 51, "width": 411, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas X-2 Tingkat Mathayom Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 80, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "seuksasart Islam School Thailand Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 942, "width": 250, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 515, "top": 944, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 95, "width": 170, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif yang penulis kembangkan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 124, "width": 188, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "3. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh yang diberikan oleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 153, "width": 170, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "penggunaan media tersebut terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi para siswa di Thailand Selatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 197, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 211, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jenis metode penelitian yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 225, "width": 192, "height": 287, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "digunakan yaitupenelitian kuantitatif, sedangkan desain penelitiannya merupakan bagian dari Pre-Experimental Design yaitu One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design . Pemberian tesnya sendiri dilakukan sebanyak dua kali, yaitu pada saat sebelum dan sesudah eksperimen. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan pemberian tes. Teknik observasi digunakan untuk mengobservasi kegiatan pembelajaran siswa di kelas, guna memperoleh data mengenai minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran. Kemudian yang kedua teknik dokumentasi dan terakir didapat darihasil tes para siswa yang terdiri dari hasil pretest dan posttest sebagai data utama untuk dianalisis. Berikut adalah instrumen observasi dan wawancara yang digunakan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 517, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tabel 1.1. Instrumen Observasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 532, "width": 134, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "N o Pernyataan Jawaban", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 546, "width": 173, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Ket. Ya Tid ak 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 119, "top": 95, "width": 301, "height": 819, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": ". Siswa Memperhatika n Penjelasangur u Saat Prosespembela jaran 2 Siswa Merasa Antusias Saat Pembelajaran 3 . Siswa Mengerjakan Tugas Yang Diberikan Tepat Waktu 4 . Siswa Aktif Bertanya Pada Guru Atau Teman Tentang Materi Yang Belum Dipahami 5 . Siswa Berusaha Mengerjakan Tugas Sesuai Dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 358, "top": 135, "width": 56, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Kemampuann ya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 162, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tabel 1.2. Penilaian Kemampuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 177, "width": 156, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Menulis Cerita Fantasi N o Aspek Yang Dinilai Deskripsi Skor", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 343, "top": 216, "width": 178, "height": 130, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "1 2 3 4 5 1 Judul 1. Apakah Judul", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 412, "top": 258, "width": 34, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Sesuai Dengan Isi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 400, "top": 297, "width": 44, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Teks? 2. Apakah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 412, "top": 324, "width": 36, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Judul Yang Dipilih Singkat,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 412, "top": 377, "width": 25, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Padat Dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 403, "width": 103, "height": 195, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jelas Serta Menarik ? 2 Struktu r", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 343, "top": 457, "width": 105, "height": 459, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "1. Apakah Ada Bagian Orientas i (Pengen alan Tokoh Dan Latar)? 2. Apakah Ada Bagian Konflik ? 3. Apakah Ada Bagian Resolusi ? 3 Amanat 1. Apakah Ada Pesan Moral Yang Coba Disamp aikan? 2. Apakah Amanat nya Disamp aikan Secara Tersurat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 200, "top": 38, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tiara Ashshiddiqie¹, Fauziah Suparman², Asepfirdaus³", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 51, "width": 411, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas X-2 Tingkat Mathayom Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 80, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "seuksasart Islam School Thailand Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 942, "width": 250, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 515, "top": 944, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 95, "width": 189, "height": 497, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Maupun Tersirat ? 4 Unsur 1. Apakah Cerita Mengan dung Unsur- Unsur Cerita Fantasi? 5 Penulis an 1. Apakah Ejaan Yang Digunak an Sudah Benar? Keterangan: 1. Sangat Kurang : Tidak ada aspek yang benar 2. Kurang : Ada sedikit aspek yang benar 3. Sedang : Jumlah aspek yang benar dan salah berimbang 4. Baik : Aspek memiliki ketepatan yang tinggi dengan kesalahan yang sedikit 5. Sangat Baik : Tanpa atau hampir tanpa kesalahan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 137, "top": 618, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "=", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 638, "width": 194, "height": 214, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di sekolah Seuksasart Islam di negara Thailand bagian selatan dengan siswa kelas X- 2sebagai subjeknya. Karena letak sekolah tersebut dekat dengan perbatasan Malaysia, maka mayoritas guru dan siswa di sana mampu berbicara dengan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kedua mereka setelah bahasa Thailand. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal05, 07, 12 dan 14 Februari 2019. Waktu penelitian disesuaikan dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan pada awal penelitian dilaksanakan. Pada penelitian ini, penulis akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 856, "width": 191, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif inferensial.Pemilihan teknik analisis ini tentunya disesuaikan dengan jenis penelitiannya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 210, "top": 900, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "yang bersifat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 95, "width": 192, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "korelasional.Teknik korelasi ini digunakan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara variabel bebas (X) dan variabel terikat (Y). Pada penelitian ini hubungan yang dimaksud berupa pengaruh media pembelajaran interaktif sebagai variabel bebas terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 196, "width": 192, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "pembelajaran cerita fantasi sebagai variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 225, "width": 191, "height": 171, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Setelah data yang diperlukan tekumpul. penulis menyajikan data berupa hasil penghitungan tes dalam bentuk tabel. Selanjutnya adalah tahap verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan berdasarkan data yang telah dikumpulkan dan dianalisis. Tujuannya yaitu untuk menentukan adakah pengaruh yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif tersebut terhadap kemampuan siswa di sekolah tersebut dalam menulis cerita fantasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 400, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 338, "top": 415, "width": 192, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Setelah kegiatan pembelajaran mengenai materi cerita fantasi selesai diajarkan pada murid kelas X-2 di sekolah Seuksasart Islam, setelahnya mereka diberikan tes untuk dikerjakan sebagai bentuk evaluasi pembelajarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 502, "width": 192, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pemberian materi dan tesnya sendiri dilakukan sebanyak dua kali. Maka didapatkanlah hasil awal tes ( pretest ) dan hasil akhir tes ( posttest ). Berikut ini adalah pemaparan dari hasil tes tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 575, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "1. Data Hasil PreTest", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 374, "top": 589, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Setelah melaksanakan kegiatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 338, "top": 604, "width": 192, "height": 141, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "pretest , kemudian didapatkanlah data berupa nilai menulis cerita fantasi yang berdasar pada kemampuan awal yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik. Hasil tes tersebut kemudian dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dari keberhasilan penelitian yang dilaksankan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif Adobe Flash. Media tersebut digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 749, "width": 192, "height": 170, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diketahui bahwa perolehan nilai tertinggi yang bisa diraih oleh siswa dalam kegiatan pretest ini ialah 80, sedankan nilai terendehnya yaitu 28. Berikut adalah rincian nilai yang diperolah oleh peserta didik, rentang nilai 21-30 sebanyak dua orang, nilai 31-40 sebanyak tujuh orang, nilai 41-50 sebanyak tiga orang, nilai 51- 60 sebanyak sepuluh orang, nilai 61-70 sebanyak dua orang dan nilai 71-80 sebanyak empat orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 38, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Tiara Ashshiddiqie¹, Fauziah Suparman², Asepfirdaus³", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 51, "width": 411, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas X-2 Tingkat Mathayom Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 80, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "seuksasart Islam School Thailand Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 942, "width": 250, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 515, "top": 944, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 95, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "2. Data Hasil Posttest", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 109, "width": 192, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Setelah selesai melakukan kegiatan posttest, maka akan didapatkan nilai sebagai hasil akhir dari tes yang harus diselesaikan oleh para peserta didik kelas X-2 yang berperan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari tes akhir ini didapatkan setelah adanya sebuah perlakuan dalam proses pembelajarannya, yaitu dengan menggunakan bantuan dari media pembelajaran interaktif Adobe Flash .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 269, "width": 191, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai tertinggi yang diperoleh oleh peserta didik yaitu 88, sementara nilai terendahnya yaitu 36. Berikut adalah rincian nilai yang diperoleh para peserta didik, rentang nilai 31-40 sebanyak empat orang, nilai 41-50 sebanyak dua orang, nilai 51-60 sebanyak dua belas orang, nilai 61-70 sebanyak tiga orang, nilai 71-80 sebanyak enam orang dan nilai 81-90 sebanyak satu orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 429, "width": 192, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan di atas, dapat terlihat adanya perbedaan nilai yang diperoleh peserta didik dalam dua kegiatan tersebut, yakni pretest dan posttest . Persentase nilai peserta didik pada saat pretest yaitu sebesar 51%, sedangkan persentase nilai posttest lebih besar yaitu 59,43%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 546, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "3. Data Uji t", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 560, "width": 192, "height": 214, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh dan perubahan antara hasil pretest dengan hasil posttest dan setelah dilakukan treatment. Namun perubahannya tidaklah signifikan . Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari hasil Uji-t, dengan harga t hitung nya sebesar 0,87. Harga t hitung tersebut kemudian ditransformasikan dengan t tabel dengan derajat kebebasan (dk) N-1 atau 28-1=27 serta taraf signifikansi 0,05, maka didapatkanlah harga t tabel sebesar 1,703. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa harga t hitung lebih kecil daripada t tabel .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 793, "width": 192, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian yang telah dijabarkan pada bagian pembahasan, maka dapat diambil simpulan sebagai berikut: pertama, kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi pada siswa kelas X-2 di sekolah Seuksasart Islam School tidaklah terlalu bagus, jika melihat kepada hasil pretest mereka. Hanya beberapa siswa saja yang mampu mendapatkan nilai lebih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 95, "width": 192, "height": 257, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "dari 7. Kedua setelah diberikan treatment berupa pembelajaran dengan media pembelajaran interaktif, dan kemampuan menulis mereka diuji kembali. Dapat terlihat adanya peningkatan nilai pada hasil posttest mereka. Namun meskipun mengalami peningkatan, nilai yang didapatkan masih belum memuaskan, selain itu setelah diuji signifikansinya. Peningkatan tersebut tidaklah signifikan. Ketiga, bisa disimpulkan bahwa pengaru itu ada namun tidaklah terlalu banyak. Peningkatan yang paling banyak terjadi yaitu terletak pada aspek pemilihan judul, penyisipan amanat dan unsur-unsur cerita fantasi. Sementara pada bagian struktur dan penulisan tampaknya tidak banyak peningkatan yang terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 357, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 338, "top": 371, "width": 189, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Arsyad, Azhar. (2017). Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada Asnawir dan M. Basyiruddin Usman. (2002) Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Ciputat Pers Rizal, dkk. (2015). Media Pembelajaran: Panduan Membuat Presentasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 338, "top": 487, "width": 188, "height": 68, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 1008, "text": "Menarik untuk Mahasiswa, Guru, dan Dosen. Bekasi: CV. Nurani Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 47, "top": 16, "width": 353, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 3, No. 2, (2014) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 523, "top": 16, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D-153", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 182, "width": 246, "height": 227, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak —Dampak lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh pembangunan bangunan baru sangatlah besar, sebuah bangunan akan memerlukan energi yang besar, listrik, air, dan juga menghasilkan limbah dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut, dibutuhkan suatu konsep pembangunan yang memerhatikan keadaan lingkungan.Konsep inilah yang dikenal dengan konsep green building. Penulisan Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan berdasarkan kondisi green yang ada dalam Greenship-GBCI dengan keadaan pada gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS, dengan cara observasi langsung dan wawancara verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa perbandingan antara kondisi green yang ada dalam Greenship-GBCI dengan keadaan pada gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS. Tidak seluruh kriteria menunjukkan perbedaan antara kondisi objek dengan standar Greenship-GBCI, kriteria yang sama dengan standar Greenship-GBCI yaitu visual comfort, sedangkan kriteria water fixture, thermal comfort, micro climate, pollution of construction activity, environmental tobacco smoke control memiliki prosentase sama dengan Greenship-GBCI 7,50 hingga 90%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 420, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci —Gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS, Green Building, Greenship-GBCI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 454, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 477, "width": 246, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UMI tempat kehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya, kini sedang dihadapkan pada semakin menurunnya kualitas lingkungan hidup. Perpaduan antara pembangunan, lingkungan hidup dan kependudukan, disadari sejak diselenggarakannya Konferensi untuk pembangunan dan Lingkungan di Rio de Janeiro-Brazil tahun 1992 yang dikenal dengan KTT Bumi. KTT Bumi mengahasilkan Agenda 21 berisi prinsip pelaksanaan pembangunan ekonomi, sosial dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup secara berkelanjutan [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 592, "width": 246, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dampak lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh pembangunan baru sangatlah besar, dan mengakibatkan perubahan besar dalam lingkungan sekitarnya.Untuk mencegah hal tersebut, dibutuhkan suatu konsep pembangunan yang memerhatikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 638, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keadaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 649, "width": 246, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lingkungan.Konsep inilah yang dikenal dengan konsep green building [2] . Konsep Eco-Campus , yang salah satunya mencakup penerapan konsep green building pun sudah mulai dikembangkan di ITS sejak beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Mengingat konsep green building ini masih dalam perencanaan, pastilah masih terdapat gedung yang masih belum menerapkan konsep green building .Gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi (MMT) ITS adalah gedung yang sudah relatif lama. Gedung MMT ini diduga masih jauh dari penerapan konsep green building.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 183, "width": 246, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penelitian tentang penerapan kriteria green building pada gedung-gedung di ITS, khususnya MMT, agar dapat mengetahui kriteria yang paling penting menurut pengguna Gedung MMT ITS dalam menerapkan green building pada Gedung MMT ITS. Selain itu juga bisa diketahui hasil perhitungan membandingkan berdasarkan kondisi green yang ada dalam Greenship-GBCI dengan keadaan pada gedung MMT ITS. Penelitian green building ini akan mengacu pada standar nasional Greenship- GBCI .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 356, "top": 310, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. PENELITIAN TERDAHULU", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 333, "width": 246, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah melakukan penelitian mengenai green building , yaitu : “Penilaian Kriteria pada Gedung Teknik Sipil ITS”, dilakukan untuk mengukur rating/sertifikasi sebagai tolak ukur sudah sejauh mana tingkat green building gedung-gedung di ITS [3]. “Analisis Kriteria Penerapan Green Construction Pada Proyek Konstruksi di Surabaya”, menjelaskan tentang kriteria yang paling penting menurut pelaku konstruksi dalam menerapkan kriteria green construction [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 434, "width": 246, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Identifikasi Kriteria Kinerja Sustainable Building pada Gedung H ITS, Surabaya”, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan identifikasi kriteria bagi kinerja sustainable building gedung H ITS [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 480, "width": 246, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Analisa Life Cycle Cost pada Green Building Diamond Building Malaysia”.untuk mengetahui seberapa besar total biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh suatu bangunan yang berkonsep green building [6].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 540, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 563, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Konsep Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 574, "width": 246, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan perhitungan untuk membandingkan berdasarkan kondisi green yang ada dalam Greenship-GBCI dengan keadaan pada gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS pada kriteria tertentu.Mengukur keadaan pada gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS dengan observasi pengukuran secara langsung, dan wawancara untuk verifikasi yang difokuskan pada Gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS.Pengukuran kriteria green building pada penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada kriteria yang paling utama menurut para responden. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencari kriteria utama yaitu dengan survey kuisioner kepada para responden, hasil survey kuisioner dianalisa dengan metode mean dan standar deviasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 747, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Analisa Kriteria yang Paling Menentukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 759, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah survey kuisioner dilakukan, selanjutnya yaitu menganalisa kriteria. Analisa kriteria dilakukan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 54, "width": 492, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran Kesesuaian Kriteria Green Building Pada Gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 119, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Friskarindi Noor Wakhidah dan Christiono Utomo Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 157, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 476, "width": 26, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 16, "width": 353, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 3, No. 2, (2014) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 523, "top": 16, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D-154", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 51, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengidentifikasi kriteria apa saja yang utama dengan menggunakan pengujian mean dan standar deviasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 74, "width": 245, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan penjelasan mean dan standar deviasi secara perhitungan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 96, "width": 234, "height": 37, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mean : Xi n (3.1) Standar Deviasi : n x² n−1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 245, "top": 120, "width": 36, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(3.2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 134, "width": 246, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah selanjutnya adalah memasukkan data kedalam diagram mean dan standar deviasi. selanjutnya kriteria- kriteria tersebut diurutkan dari yang paling dominan dengan melihat skor rata-rata tertinggi dan deviasi terendah. Untuk diagramnya dapat dilihat pada Gambar.1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 260, "width": 146, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar . 1. Diagram Mean-Standart Deviasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 270, "width": 246, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa deskriptif dengan melakukan pemberian skor untuk setiap variabel agar dapat diketahui variabel mana yang paling dominan dan mana yang paling kurang berpengaruh untuk diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 322, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. Nilai mean besar, nilai standar deviasi kecil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 333, "width": 197, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. Nilai mean besar, nilai standar deviasi besar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 345, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. Nilai mean kecil, nilai standar deviasi besar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 356, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. Nilai mean kecil, nilai standar deviasi kecil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 374, "width": 246, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah diketahui letak dari masing-masing variabel atau kriteria kemudian ditentukan variabel atau kriteria yang paling dominan.Kuadran 1 merupakan kriteria yang paling dominan.Setelah survey pendahuluan selesai di analisa selanjutnya adalah mengukur dan meneliti lebih lanjut pada kriteria dominan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 454, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Objek Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 466, "width": 246, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai objek penelitian kriteria green building ini adalah Gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS, tepatnya pada ruang IKA ITS, lobi lantai 1, ruang diskusi mahasiswa, lobi lantai 2, perpustakaan, dan toilet.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 523, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Proses Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 535, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses penelitian pada Tugas Akhir ini dijelaskan dalam bentuk diagram alir pengerjaan [7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 569, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 592, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Pemilihan Kriteria Green Building", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 604, "width": 246, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemilihan kriteria green building yang dianggap paling utama dilakukan dengan cara survey kuesioner, kemudian mengolahnya dengan metode mean dan standar deviasi untuk mendapatkan kriteria utama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 661, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Analisa Kriteria Green Building", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 673, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil survey pendahuluan diperoleh beberapa kriteria yang dianggap paling utama, yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 696, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Water Fixture", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 707, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Thermal Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 719, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Micro Climate", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 730, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pollution of Construction Activity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 742, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Visual Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 753, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Environmental Tobbaco Smoke Control", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 51, "width": 246, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini pengukuran masing-masing kriteria dilakukan dengan cara berbeda tergantung objek pengukuran yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 97, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Water Fixture", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 108, "width": 233, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran dalam kriteria ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara kepada pihak terkait mengenai 80% fitur air pada area publik yaitu toilet gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS yang menggunakan fitur auto stop, yang dilakukan pada hari Kamis 22 Mei 2014 di ruang staf Keuangan Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 189, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Thermal Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 200, "width": 232, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelembaban relatif udara (RH) dan suhu udara dapat diukur langsung dengan bantuan alat, yaitu thermo- hygrometer. Pada setiap ruangan, pengukuran dilakukan kurang lebih selama ±60 menit pada setiap ruangan. Pengukuran ini dilakukan pada waktu pagi, siang dan sore hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 269, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Micro Climate", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 287, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran dalam kriteria ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara kepada pihak terkait mengenai penggunaan green roof sebesar 50% dari luas atap yang tidak digunakan untuk mechanical electrical (ME) , dan penggunaan material yang nilai albedo rata-rata minimal 0,3 sesuai dengan perhitungan pada area non atap yang tertutup perkerasan. Pengukuran dilakukan pada hari Kamis 22 Mei 2014 di ruang staf Keuangan Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 390, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pollution of Construction Activity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 408, "width": 233, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran dalam kriteria ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara kepada pihak terkait mengenai rencana manajemen sampah yang terdiri atas limbah padat dan limbah cair.Limbah padat dengan menyediakan area pengumpulan, pemisah dan sistem pencatat. Pencatat dibedakan berdasarkan limbah padat yang dibuang ke TPA, digunakan kembali, dan didaur ulang oleh pihak lain. Limbah cair dengan menjaga kualitas seluruh buangan air yang timbul dari aktivitas agar tidak mencemari drainase kota. Pengukuran dilakukan pada hari Kamis 22 Mei 2014 di ruang staf Keuangan Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 557, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Visual Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 575, "width": 233, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran tingkat pencahayaan atau iluminasi dilakukan dengan alat lux meter. Pengukuran dilakukan di beberapa titik pada setiap ruangan, sehingga dihasilkan pola pencahayaan dan didapatkan rata-rata pencahayaan pada setiap ruangan yang diukur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 632, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Environmental Tobbaco Smoke Control", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 650, "width": 232, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran dalam kriteria ini dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung dan wawancara kepada pihak terkait mengenai pemasangan tanda “Dilarang Merokok” di seluruh area gedung, dan tidak menyediakan area atau bangunan khusus merokok di dalam gedung.Serta apabila tersedia bangunan atau area merokok di luar gedung, minimal berada pada jarak 5 meter dari pintu masuk dan bukaan jendela.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 753, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 765, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengukuran dan hasil yang telah didapatkan maka dapat di simpulkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 194, "width": 135, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II III Rata-rata SD IV I 0 Mean Rata-rata Mean SD", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 47, "top": 16, "width": 353, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 3, No. 2, (2014) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 523, "top": 16, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D-155", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 51, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Water Fixture", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 62, "width": 233, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti kepada pihak terkait, pada area publik yaitu toilet gedung MMT ITS unit fitur air belum semua menggunakan fitur auto stop. Saat ini pada area publik yaitu toilet gedung MMT ITS unit fiturairyang sudah menggunakan fitur auto stop hanya pada jet washer dan toilet duduk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 143, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Thermal Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 154, "width": 233, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran kelembaban dan suhu ruangan dilakukan pada hari Rabu 19 Maret 2014, Kamis 20 Maret 2014, Jumat 21 Maret 2014, dan Sabtu 22 Maret 2014. Pengukuran ini dilakukan dalam 3 waktu yang berbeda, yaitu pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 212, "width": 233, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa kenyamanan termal menggunakan grafik bioclimatic chart , karena pada grafik ini terdapat zona nyaman ( comfort zone ). Hasil pengukuran suhu dan kelembaban dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2, 3, dan 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 325, "width": 179, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 2. Grafik Suhu & Kelembaban pada Pagi Hari", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 413, "width": 183, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 3. Grafik Suhu & Kelembaban pada Siang Hari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 498, "width": 182, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 4. Grafik Suhu & Kelembaban pada Sore Hari", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 508, "width": 246, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan kriteria green building yang menetapkan perencanaan kondisi termal ruangan secara umum pada suhu 25 o C dan kelembaban relatif 60%, dan disesuaikan dengan grafik bioclimatic dapat dilihat dari ke-3 pengukuran yang dilakukan pada waktu yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 566, "width": 248, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbeda yaitu pagi, siang dan sore hari, suhu dan kelembaban yang terjadi dalam ruangan pada Gedung MMT ITS belum terciptanya kondisi kenyamanan termal yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 612, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Micro Climate", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 623, "width": 246, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti kepada pihak terkait, pada gedung MMT ITS atap yang tidak digunakan untuk mechanical electrical (ME) menggunakan atap non green roof , dan penggunaan material beton yang nilai albedo kurang dari rata-rata minimal yaitu 0,3 pada area non atap yang tertutup perkerasan. Gedung MMT ITS relatif lama dan menggunakan atap dan material yang sudah tersedia dan belum melakukan perbaikan lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 727, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pollution of Construction Activity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 738, "width": 246, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti kepada pihak terkait, pada penerapannya Gedung MMT ITS belum melakukan manajemen lingkungan bangunan yang sesuai dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 51, "width": 246, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kriteria, karena belum memiliki rencana pengelolaan sampah yaitu Limbah padat dengan menyediakan area pengumpulan, pemisah dan sistem pencatat. Limbah cair dengan menjaga kualitas seluruh buangan air yang timbul dari aktivitas agar tidak mencemari drainase kota, menurut pihak MMT limbah cair pada gedung MMT sama seperti limbah rumah tangga tidak berbahaya atau mencemari drainase kota tidak seperti pada limbah pabrik. Hanya sampah padat seperti kertas dikumpulkan terpisah dan dapat digunakan kembali untuk keseketariatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 166, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Visual Comfort", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 177, "width": 246, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran tingkat pencahayaan (iluminasi) dilakukan pada hari Rabu 19 Maret 2014, Kamis 20 Maret 2014, Jumat 21 Maret 2014, dan Sabtu 22 Maret 2014. Dalam 3 waktu yang berbeda yaitu pagi, siang, dan sore hari, yang disesuaikan dengan SNI 03-6197-2000 [8]. Hasil pengukuran dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 416, "top": 246, "width": 28, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 255, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat Pencahayaan pada Gedung MMT ITS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 384, "width": 246, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan SNI 03-6197-2000 Tabel 1. Tingkat pencahayaan pada area publik gedung MMT ITS rata-rata yang diijinkan yaitu antara 100-300 lux. Peneliti melakukan penelitian pada tiga waktu yang berbeda, yaitu pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS, peneliti memperoleh nilai rata-rata pencahayaan pada Gedung MMT ITS diperoleh nilai sebesar 265,116 lux sesuai dengan tingkat pencahayaan yang diijinkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 488, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Environmental Tobbaco Smoke Control", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 499, "width": 246, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti kepada pihak terkait, pada gedung MMT ITS telah menerapkan kriteria green building yaitu memasang tanda “Dilarang Merokok” di seluruh area gedung, dan tidak menyediakan area atau bangunan khusus merokok di dalam gedung. Namun tersedia bangunan atau area merokok di luar gedung berada pada jarak kurang dari 5 meter, yaitu sekitar 3 meter dari pintu masuk dan bukaan jendela. Meskipun area khusus merokok di luar gedung berada pada jarak kurang dari minimal 5 meter, area ini berdekatan dengan lobi lantai 1 yang tidak digunakan untuk penghuni gedung MMT ITS, hanya digunakan untuk akses masuk naik ke lantai 2, sehingga tidak mengganggu para penghuni gedung MMT ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 660, "width": 137, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 672, "width": 246, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan pengukuran dan analisa dari setiap kriteria green building, maka setiap kriteria akan dinilai sesuai dengan penerapannya. pengukuran ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan kriteria Greenship-GBCI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 718, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Water Fixture", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 729, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi kriteria Green Building dan Penilaian pada Gedung MMT ITS, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 339, "top": 264, "width": 99, "height": 3, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No HARI LANTAI RUANG", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 338, "top": 264, "width": 184, "height": 117, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PAGI SIANG SORE 1 Ruang IKA 196 312 180 2 RUANG DISKUSI MHS 398 426 280 3 LOBI SAMPING 249 274 131 4 LOBI ATAS 387 443 130 5 RUANG BACA 274 298 243 6 Ruang IKA 178 222 183 7 RUANG DISKUSI MHS 345 322 279 8 LOBI SAMPING 247 236 132 9 LOBI ATAS 383 370 128 10 RUANG BACA 239 285 216 11 Ruang IKA 196 298 187 12 RUANG DISKUSI MHS 382 415 298 13 LOBI SAMPING 243 268 145 14 LOBI ATAS 390 342 133 15 RUANG BACA 255 367 233 16 Ruang IKA 183 256 178 17 RUANG DISKUSI MHS 357 297 268 18 LOBI SAMPING 295 217 126 19 LOBI ATAS 386 326 124 20 RUANG BACA 224 264 268 290.35 311.9 193.1 JUMAT SABTU 265.1166667 Nilai Rata-Rata Pencahayaan Nilai Rata-Rata Pencahayaan Pada Gedung MMT ITS LANTAI 1 LANTAI 2 LANTAI 1 LANTAI 2 RABU LANTAI 1 LANTAI 2 KAMIS LANTAI 1 LANTAI 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 16, "width": 353, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 3, No. 2, (2014) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 523, "top": 16, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D-156", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 113, "width": 246, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 5. Grafik Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS dan Kriteria Greenship-GBCI Setelah dilakukan pengukuran kriteria Water Fixture pada Gedung MMT, maka didapatkan prosentase perbedaan dengan kriteria Greenship-GBCI sebesar 58.5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 167, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Thermal Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 178, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi kriteria Green Building dan Penilaian pada Gedung MMT ITS, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 266, "width": 245, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 6. Grafik Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS dan Kriteria Greenship-GBCI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 285, "width": 246, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan pengukuran kriteria Thermal Comfort pada Gedung MMT, maka didapatkan prosentase perbedaan dengan kriteria Greenship-GBCI sebesar 21.67%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 320, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Micro Climate", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 331, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi kriteria Green Building dan Penilaian pada Gedung MMT ITS, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 418, "width": 246, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 7. Grafik Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS dan Kriteria Greenship-GBCI Setelah dilakukan pengukuran kriteria Micro Climate pada Gedung MMT, maka didapatkan prosentase perbedaan dengan kriteria Greenship-GBCI sebesar 7.5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 471, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pollution of Construction Activity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 483, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi kriteria Green Building dan Penilaian pada Gedung MMT ITS, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 571, "width": 245, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 8. Grafik Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS dan Kriteria Greenship-GBCI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 590, "width": 246, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan pengukuran kriteria Pollution of Construction Activity pada Gedung MMT, maka didapatkan prosentase perbedaan dengan kriteria Greenship-GBCI sebesar 10%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 636, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Visual Comfort", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 648, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi kriteria Green Building dan Penilaian pada Gedung MMT ITS, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 9.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 734, "width": 246, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 9. Grafik Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS dan Kriteria Greenship-GBCI Setelah dilakukan pengukuran kriteria Visual Comfort pada Gedung MMT, maka didapatkan prosentase sebesar 100% sesuai dengan kriteria Greenship-GBCI .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 51, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Environmental Tobbaco Smoke Control", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 62, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi kriteria Green Building dan Penilaian pada Gedung MMT ITS, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 149, "width": 246, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar. 10. Grafik Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran pada Gedung MMT ITS dan Kriteria Greenship-GBCI Setelah dilakukan pengukuran kriteria Environmental Tobbaco Smoke Control pada Gedung MMT, maka didapatkan prosentase perbedaan dengan kriteria Greenship- GBCI sebesar 90%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 225, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V . KESIMPULAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 248, "width": 246, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pengukuran kriteria green building yang telah dilakukan pada gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS, diperoleh 6 kriteria yang dianggap utama menurut para pengguna gedung MMT ITS yaitu Water Fixtures, Thermal Comfort, Micro Climate, Pollution of Construction Activity, Visual Comfort, dan Environmental Tobbaco Smoke Control. Dapat disimpulkan dari perhitungan Tidak seluruh kriteria menunjukkan perbedaan antara kondisi objek dengan standar Greenship-GBCI , kriteria yang sama dengan standar Greenship-GBCI yaitu visual comfort sebesar 100%, sedangkankriteria water fixture, thermal comfort, micro climate, pollution of construction activity, environmental tobacco smoke control dibandingkan denganGreenship- GBCI prosentasenya sebesar 7,50% hingga 90%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 421, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 443, "width": 246, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (2009). Berikan Kesempatan pada Bumi [Online]. Available :http://www.menlh.go.id/berikankesempatanpadabumigiveearthachan ce.html>. [2] Post The President (2013). Perkembangan Green Building di Indonesia. <URL:http://www.The presidentpostindonesia.com/2013/01/14/perkembangangreenbuildingd iindonesia.html> [3] Putri, A. dan Utomo, C. Penilaian Kriteria Green Building Pada Gedung Teknik Sipil ITS.Jurnal Teknik POMITS. Vol.1.No.1 (Sept 2012). ISSN : 2301-9271. (Halaman D107-D112).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 544, "width": 245, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Asawidya, M.2011. Analisis Kriteria Penerapan Green Contruction Pada Proyek Konstruksi di Surabaya. TA, Surabaya : ITS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 563, "width": 246, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Prayogo, I. 2011. Identifikasi Kriteria Kinerja Sustainable Building Pada Gedung H, Kampus ITS. Thesis. Surabaya : ITS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 581, "width": 246, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Firsani, T. dan Utomo, C Analisa Life Cycle Cost pada Green Building Diamond Building Malaysia. Jurnal Teknik POMITS. Vol.1.No.1 (Sept 2012). ISSN : 2301-9271. (Halaman D34-D39).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 609, "width": 246, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Wakhidah, F. 2014. Pengukuran Kesesuaian Kriteria Green Building Pada Gedung Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS. TA, Surabaya:ITS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 636, "width": 246, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Badan Standarisasi Nasional. 2000. Konservasi Energi Pada Sistem Pencahayaan, SNI 03-6197-2000.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 259, "top": 36, "width": 261, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal SEMAR Vol. 9 No. 1, hal. 7 – 12 ISSN: 2302-3937 | Copyright © LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret Homepage: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jurnal-semar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 781, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 94, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MESIN PEMIPIL JAGUNG DAN PENGUPAS KACANG TANAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS ADAPTASI PETANI TERHADAP ANOMALI CUACA DI WONOSARI, GONDANGREJO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 161, "width": 345, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komariah 1,* | Galuh Masyithoh 2 | Rahajeng Putu Widiani Priswita 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 175, "width": 388, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Program Studi Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian; 2 Program Studi Ilmu Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 186, "width": 162, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Program Pascasarjana Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 231, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 252, "width": 454, "height": 198, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan iklim di Indonesia menyebabkan kemarau panjang, angin kencang, cuaca ekstrem dan berubahnya pola curah hujan yang makin sering terjadi. Di bidang pertanian, perubahan iklim memberikan dampak negatif yang merugikan bagi petani. Pengetahuan petani mengenai perubahan iklim masih terbatas. Untuk mengantisipasi perubahan iklim maka perlu dilakukan penyuluhan dan FGD untuk meningkatkan kapasitas petani. Salah satu tindakan adaptasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi perubahan iklim adalah pascapanen dengan menggunakan alat pascapanen. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas adaptasi petani terhadap anomali cuaca dengan memberikan bantuan mesin pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Desa Wonosari, Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar dengan mitra Kelompok Tani Makmur 1 dan 2. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan alat pemipil jagung dan pengupas kulit kacang tanah cocok digunakan di Desa Wonosari. Kedua peralatan pascpanen tersebut sangat efisien dan efektif karena mempercepat hasil produksi jagung dan kacang tanah dipasarkan. Dengan demikian kedua peralatan pascpanen tersebut meningkatkan ketahanan petani terhadap dampak cuaca ekstrem dengan menjaga kapasitas perekonomiannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: pascapanen, ketahanan petani, perubahan iklim", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 505, "width": 65, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 527, "width": 454, "height": 105, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanian merupakan sektor yang bergantung pada keadaan lingkungan menyebabkan sektor pertanian terkena dampak paling signifikan terhadap perubahan iklim. Pengaruh perubahan iklim khususnya terhadap sektor pertanian di Indonesia sudah terasa dan menjadi kenyataan. Perubahan ini diindikasikan antara lain oleh adanya bencana banjir, kekeringan (musim kemarau yang panjang) dan bergesernya musim hujan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini pergeseran musim hujan menyebabkan bergesernya musim tanam dan panen komoditi pangan (padi, palawija dan sayuran). Sedangkan banjir dan kekeringan menyebabkan gagal tanam, gagal panen, dan bahkan menyebabkan puso. Budidaya pertanian yang banya dilakukan oleh masyarakat indonesia adalah budidaya padi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 644, "width": 454, "height": 92, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan iklim di Indonesia sangat berkaitan dengan kejadian iklim ekstrem yaitu ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). Indonesia juga dipengaruhi oleh iklim Monsoon yaitu bahwa pada musim-musim tertentu dapat berpengaruh kuat terhadap unsur iklim seperti hujan, perubahan penutupan awan yang mempengaruhi radiasi, suhu, penguapan dan kelembaban udara yang semuanya akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Di Indonesia kejadian iklim ekstrim seperti El Nino dan La Nina berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan produksi tanaman pangan. Pengaruh ENSO itu dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat kejadian kemarau panjang dan kekeringan di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang bertepatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 761, "width": 227, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Penulis Korespondensi. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 259, "top": 36, "width": 261, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal SEMAR Vol. 9 No. 1, hal. 7 – 12 ISSN: 2302-3937 | Copyright © LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret Homepage: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jurnal-semar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 781, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan kejadian El Nino. Adanya fenomena ini juga makin berdampak untuk kegiatan pertanian khususnya budidaya tanaman padi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 128, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budidaya tanaman pertanian mempunyai ketergantungan yang kuat terhadap unsur iklim terutama curah hujan dan temperature (Ruminta 2016). Lahan Pertanian di Gondangrejo merupakan lahan pertanian tadah hujan yang ditanami padi, jagung dan kacang tanah. Lahan tadah hujan merupakan lahan yang sangat bergantung pada pola curah hujan sebagai sumber irigasi. Pada lahan tadah hujan, perubahan iklim memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap kegagalan panen yang dapat mengancam ketahanan pangan jika tidak segera dilakukan tindakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 218, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tanaman sangat sensitif terhadap suhu tinggi selama tahap kritis seperti berbunga dan perkembangan benih. Seringkali dikombinasikan dengan kekeringan, suhu tinggi dapat menyebabkan bencana untuk lahan pertanian. Perubahan suhu dan kelembaban udara juga dapat memicu perkembangan dan ledakan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Banjir dan kekeringan juga mempengaruhi produksi pertanian. Banjir dan kekeringan yang berkepanjangan akibat dari pengelolaan air yang tidak baik dan kapasitas yang rendah mengakibatkan penurunan produksi yang signifikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 308, "width": 457, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut penelitian Ruminta (2016) menjelaskan bahwa dampak perubahan iklim di wilayah kabupaten Bandung sudah dirasakan oleh petani yang diindikasikan oleh bergesernya musim tanam dan waktu panen, penurunan luas tanam dan panen, perubahan produktivitas dan produksi padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan dan lahan sawah ½ irigasi. Penurunan kehilangan hasil melalui perbaikan penerapan teknologi panen dan pascapanen nampaknya merupakan sumber pertumbuhan produksi yang prospektif. Pengabdian ini merupakan salah satu bentuk pengaplikasian untuk menyediakan teknologi pascapanen agar kemampuan petani saat menghadapi perubahan iklim meningkat. Sehingga petani lebih siap dan dapat menjadi salah satu bentuk mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menjawab kebutuhan petani maka dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat, denngn tujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas petani dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim sehingga meningkatkan daya saing yang dapat meningkatkan pula perekonomian masyarakat Wonosari Gondangrejo. Pemilihan alat pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah bertujuan untuk meningkatkan adopsi dari teknologi pasca panen dan solusi atas kendala lamanya waktu saat pascapanen dan memperlambat pemasaran. Lambatnya pemasaran menyebabkan rendahnya pendapatan petani, yang seterusnya dapat mengancam kestabilan perekonomiannya. Akhirnya, petani menjadi rentan miskin, sedangkan petani yang miskin sangat rawan terdampak perubahan iklim. Kemiskinan menyebabkan ketahanan terhadap resiko-resiko dari dampak perubahan iklim berkurang. Maka dengan adanya bantuan kedua alat pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah melalui pengabdian ini diharapkan ketahanan petani dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim dapat meningkat, dengan pendapatan yang stabil bahkan meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 605, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Pelaksanaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2019. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Wonosari Gondangrejo Karanganyar. Kelompok tani yang menjadi sasaran adalah Kelompok Tani Makmur 1 dan 2. Kelompok tani Makmur 1 diketuai oleh Bapak Waluyo dan Kelompok Tani diketuai oleh bapak Dalimin. Kelompok tani Makmur 1 dan 2 berada di Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Gondangrejo Kabupaten Karanganyar. Kelompok tani Makmur 1 terdiri dari 43 anggota sedangkan kelompok tani Makmur 2 terdiri dari 40 anggota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desa Wonosari memiliki ketinggian rata-rata 117 m dpl. Berdasarkan Pemkab Karanganyar (2017), bahwa luas sawah di Desa Wonosari adalah 147 Ha dengan sistem irigasi tadah hujan. Produktivitas lahan sawah tadah hujan berkorelasi dengan pola curah hujan karena sumber airnya bergantung sepenuhnya pada air hujan. Rata-rata curah hujan tahunan bervariasi menurut musim dan wilayah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 36, "width": 261, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal SEMAR Vol. 9 No. 1, hal. 7 – 12 ISSN: 2302-3937 | Copyright © LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret Homepage: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jurnal-semar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 781, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 454, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekitar 80% curah hujan tahunan terjadi antara bulan September dan Februari. Periode April sampai dengan Agustus benar-benar kering dan menghasilkan kurang dari 10% curah hujan tahunan (Abawi et al., 2002). Sebagian besar penduduk mempunyai mata pencaharian di sektor pertanian (baik petani sendiri dan buruh tani). Desa Wonosari memiliki lahan tadah hujan sehingga petani di Desa Wonosari bertanam 2 kali dalam satu tahun. Pada musim tanam I petani menanam padi dengan mengandalkan irigasi tadah hujan. Pada musim tanam II petani menanam jagung atau kacang karena irigasi yang terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 196, "width": 454, "height": 79, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pelaksanaannya, pengabdian ini menggunakan beberapa pendekatan yaitu penyuluhan, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara. Penyuluhan bertujuan untuk merumuskan bersama bagaimana desain alat yang dikehendaki petani. Sedangkan FGD bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan desain tersebut dengan para ahli dan mengambil keputusan akhir desain alat yang akan dipesan. Sedangkan wawancara bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kepuasan terhadap kinerja dan performa alat yang telah dibuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 454, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengabdian ini dilakukan mulai dari pra survei, FGD, Serah terima alat, Evaluasi dan pendampingan regulasi penggunaan alat. FGD mengundang ahli dari Enset teknik yang khusus memproduksi peralatan dan mesin pascapanen dari Demak, Jawa Tengah. Penyuluhan pertama dilaksanakan pada tanggal 23 Mei 2019 dengan peserta 40 petani (Gambar 1). Dalam penyuluhan yang pertama, dibahas mengenai desain alat pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah yang tepat. Pada tanggal 31 Mei diadakan FGD dengan kelompok Tani Makmur dan Enset Teknik sebagai narasumber (Gambar 2). Enset teknik dipilih sebagai narasumber karena telah berpengalaman di bidang mesin panen pertanian. Selanjutnya dilakukan serah terima alat, ujicoba dan evaluasi terhadap kinerja dan performa kedua alat pascapanen tersebut. Selanjutnya pada tanggal 19 Oktober 2019 dilakukan penyuluhan kedua untuk menguji coba alat setelah serah terima dan membahas mengenai regulasi penggunan alat (Gambar 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 568, "width": 420, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Penyuluhan dan diskusi desain alat Gambar 2. FGD Desain alat dengan para ahli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 36, "width": 261, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal SEMAR Vol. 9 No. 1, hal. 7 – 12 ISSN: 2302-3937 | Copyright © LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret Homepage: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jurnal-semar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 512, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 112, "top": 270, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Penyuluhan regulasi pemakaian alat saat serah terima dan ujicoba alat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 312, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 454, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini, bantuan alat yang diputuskan adalah pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah. Alat pemipil didesain dengan menggunakan tenaga diesel 5,5 pK dengan bahan bakar bensin (Gambar 4). Kapasitas efektif untuk memipil jagung adalah 4 kwintal/jam dengan kadar air biji jagung saat dipipil kurang dari 30%. Hasil jagung yang dipipil dengan alat ini disajikan pada Gambar 5. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa biji jagung yang dipipil dengan alat telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI. Pemipilan biji jagung berpengaruh terhadap butir rusak, kotoran, dan membantu mempercepat proses pengeringan. Proses pemipilan akan berlangsung dengan mudah dan kualitas pipilan tinggi apabila tanaman sudah mencapai umur panen yang ditentukan dan kadar air biji pada saat panen rendah (<18%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 464, "width": 454, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat pengupas kacang tanah mempunyai kapasitas 2-3 kwintal/jam, hasil kacang tanah yang telah dikupas dengan alat disajikan pada Gambar 6. Alat pengupas kacang tanah didesain dengan menggunakan tenaga diesel 3,5 PK dengan bahan bakar bensin. (Gambar 7). Perawatan mesin sangatlah mudah yaitu dengan membersihkan setelah memipil atau mengupas, tidak perlu menggunakan air. Pada bagian leker harus lebih sering diberi pelumas. Setiap penggunaan jam selama 3 jam maka mesin harus dimatikan 15 menit. Pada mesin kacang hampir mirip pada mesin padi dengan tambahan blower. Penggunaan alat sangatlah efektif karena merupakan solusi untuk perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan berubahnya pola curah hujan yang dapat menggangu aktivitas pertanian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 36, "width": 261, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal SEMAR Vol. 9 No. 1, hal. 7 – 12 ISSN: 2302-3937 | Copyright © LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret Homepage: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jurnal-semar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 512, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 260, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Alat pemipil jagung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 263, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Hasil pemipilan jagung dengan alat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 454, "height": 201, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bantuan kedua alat ini sangat bermanfaat, karena salah satu kendala yang cukup berat yang dihadapi petani di Desa Wonosari saat ini adalah kendala penanganan pasca panen, terutama jagung dan kacang tanah sebagai tanaman utama kedua setelah padi di Desa Wonosari. Pasca panen menjadi fase yang penting karena setelah panen kualitas hasil produksi ditentukan. Pasca panen adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang meliputi pemanenan, perontokkan, pengeringan, pengangkutan, penggilingan, penyimpanan, dan pemasaran. Penanganan pasca panen yang baik dapat menekan hasil kehilangan panen yang cukup signifikan (Iqbal et al. 2018). Tujuan penanganan pasca panen yaitu menekan kehilangan hasil, meningkatkan kualitas komoditas, memperluas kesempatan kerja, serta meningkatkan nilai tambah. Masalah pokok dalam kegiatan pasca panen adalah menekan kehilangan hasil, hal ini karena kurangnya kesadaran petani untuk melakukan kegiatan pasca panen yang baik (Swastika, 2012). Penanganan pasca panen yang kurang tepat dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang tinggi. Kerugian karena penanganan pascapanen yang tidak benar diperparah dengan adanya fenomena perubahan iklim. Penanganan pascapanen yang tidak tepat akan mengakibatkan terjadinya susut bobot dan kerusakan biji yang bersumber dari keterlambatan penanganan, kesalahan penanganan maupun penggunaan peralatan yang tidak sesuai (Sartika et al. 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 689, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Petani di Desa Wonosari harus membayar mahal untuk memipilkan hasil jagungnya pada pengusaha yang memiliki mesin pemipil, sehingga mengurangi pendapatannya. Belum lagi syarat untuk memipilkan adalah jagung harus benar-benar kering. Padahal kondisi cuaca akhir-akhir ini sangat tidak menentu, dimana hujan turun semakin tidak teratur dan sulit diperkirakan akibat fenomena perubahan iklim. Perubahan iklim mempengaruhi sistem pertanian tergantung pada berbagai faktor, antara lain jenis tanaman yang diusahakan, skala usahatani, orientasi pertanian terhadap tujuan komersial atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Hasil kupasan dengan alat pengupas kacang tanah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 443, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Alat pengupas kacang tanah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 36, "width": 261, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal SEMAR Vol. 9 No. 1, hal. 7 – 12 ISSN: 2302-3937 | Copyright © LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret Homepage: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jurnal-semar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 512, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "subsistensi, kualitas sumber daya alam (SDA), dan variabel manusia atau manajer pertanian (misalnya pendidikan, usia, toleransi resiko, kemampuan bertani, motivasi melakukan kegiatan tani). Adanya keragaman pola iklim, sistem pertanian, kondisi sosial, ekonomi, politik dan lingkungan maka bahaya, kerentanan, dan risiko perubahan iklim akan berbeda dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya, hal ini tentu menjadi tantangan untuk mengkaji bahaya, kerentanan, dan risiko di suatu wilayah. Hal tersebut juga dirasakan oleh petani di desa Wonosari Gondangrejo Kabupaten Karanganyar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengeluaran yang tinggi untuk pascapanen mengurangi pendapatan petani, yang dapat menyebabkan petani terjebak pada kondisi kemiskinan. Petani yang miskin adalah salah satu golongan yang paling rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan petani terhadap dampak perubahan iklim adalah dengan meningkatkan kapasitas perekonomiannya. Petani yang memiliki kapasitas perekonomian yang lebih baik tidak akan terlalu menderita kerugian jika anomaly iklim mengakibatkan gagal panen, misalnya akibat kekeringan atau kebanjiran. Namun jika petani dalam kondisi miskin, maka gagal panen akan mengakibatkaan kehancuran dalam kehidupan keluarga petani karena kerugian yang bertubi-tubi. Oleh karena itu, bantuan alat dan mesin penanganan pascapanen pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah ini sangat bermanfaat mengurangi pengeluaran petani. Diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas perekonomiannya sehingga lebih dapat beradaptasi dan memiliki ketahanan yang baik dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 343, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 454, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah sangat efektif membantu kelompok tani Makmur 1 dan 2 dalam menangani kegiatan pasca panen. Kegiatan pascapanen jagung dan kacang tanah sering terhambat karena adanya dampak perubahan iklim yaitu tidak menentunya hujan serta semakin tingginya pengeluaran petani. Bantuan alat pemipil jagung dan pengupas kacang tanah ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas perekonomian petani agar lebih tahan dalam menghadapi dampak akibat perubahan iklim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iqbal, Suhardi, Nirisnawati. (2018). Uji Unjuk Kerja Alat Dan Mesin Perontok Multiguna. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Petanian dan Biosistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 212, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemkab Karanganyar. 2017. Profil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 303, "top": 538, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecamatan Gondangrejo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 453, "top": 538, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2017 dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 552, "width": 392, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://www.karanganyarkab.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/KECAMATAN- GONDANGREJO-DALAM-ANGKA-2017.pdf diakses pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 587, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ruminta, R. (2016). Analisis penurunan produksi tanaman padi akibat perubahan iklim di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Kultivasi, 15(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 622, "width": 434, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sartika, N D & Sutrisno. (2016). Operasionalisasi Mesin Perontok Multiguna untuk Kedelai Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Majalengka, Kabupaten Majalengka. JTEP, 4(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 658, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shahbazi, F. 2012. A Study on the Seed Susceptibility of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars to Impact Damage. J. Agriculture science technology. 14: 505-512.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 693, "width": 434, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swastika, D K S. (2012). Teknologi Panen Dan Pascapanen Padi: Kendala Adopsi Dan Kebijakan Strategi Pengembangan. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 10 (4).", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "310", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 103, "width": 379, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IDEOLOGI PANCASILA SEBAGAI DASAR MEMBANGUN NEGARA HUKUM INDONESIA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 210, "top": 148, "width": 228, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widiatama¹,Hadi Mahmud²,Suparwi³ ¹Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta ²´³Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta ¹ [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 222, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 249, "width": 439, "height": 329, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji negara hukum (rechtsstaat ) atau rule of law sudah tepat untuk negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal, bersifat preskriptif, membahas mengenai doktrin - doktrin dan asas - asas dalam ilmu hukum. Pembudayaan nilai dasar Pancasila sebagai ideologi nasional adalah bersifat imperatif. Dengan demikian semua komponen bangsa, lebih-lebih para pemegang jabatan pemerintahan negara baik di pusat maupun di daerah, lembaga negara dan kepemimpinan negara berkewajiban menjalankan amanat di maksud. Demi pertahanan negara ,untuk tegaknya sistem kenegaraan Pancasila, pemerintah berkewajiban mendidikkan dan membudayakan nilai-nilai dasar negara (ideologi nasional) bagi generasi penerus untuk mempertahankan integritas NKRI. Pemikiran untuk pelakasanaan pembudayaan nilai-nilai dasar negara, seyogyanya dikembangkan secara melembaga,konsepsional dan fungsional oleh negara dengan mendaya gunakan semua kelembagaan dan komponen bangsa. Indonesia merupakan negara hukum, dengan demikian semua perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh negara harus berdasarkan atas hukum dan harus bisa dipertanggungjawabkan dihadapan hukum, bukan berdasarkan kekuasaan semata. Dengan dijadikannya hukum sebagai dasar negara, diharapkan bisa memberikan keadilan kepada seluruh masyarakatnya. Bila keadilan dalam suatu negara bisa dicapai, berarti cita – cita para pendiri negara bisa terwujud. Akan tetapi, pengaruh dari negara lain terhadap berlakunya hukum di Indonesia menimbulkan permasalahan baru. Pengaruh dari bangsa lain tersebut belum tentu sesuai dengan pribadi bangsa Indonesia. Selain pengaruh dari negara lain, hukum di Indonseia juga dipengaruhi oleh keragaman suku, agama, adat istiadat, budaya dan bahasa. Dalam pelaksanaannya agar tidak terombang – ambing dengan pengaruh dari negara lain tersebut, hendaknya nilai – nilai dari pancasila selalu menjadi pedoman dalam setiap penegakan hukum di Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 594, "width": 251, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Negara Hukum; Ideologi; Pancasila", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "311", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 103, "width": 426, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE IDEOLOGY OF PANCASILA AS THE BASIS OF DEVELOPING THE LEGAL STATE OF INDONESIA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 150, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 178, "width": 436, "height": 301, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research aims to study the rule of law (rechtsstaat) or the rule of law that is appropriate for the Indonesian State. This research is a doctrinal legal research, prescriptive in nature, discusses the doctrines and principles of legal science. The culture of the basic values of Pancasila as a national ideology is imperative. Thus all components of the nation, especially the holders of state government positions both at the central and regional levels, state institutions and state leadership are obliged to carry out the mandate in this regard. For the sake of national defense, to uphold the Pancasila state system, the Government is obliged to educate and cultivate the basic values of the state to create successors to maintain the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. Thought for the implementation of the culture of the basic values of the state, should be developed institutionally, conceptually and functionally by the state by empowering all the institutions and components of the nation. Indonesia is a constitutional state, thus all actions that are carried out by the state must be based on law and must be accounted for before the law, not based on one's own power. By making the law as the basis of the state, it is hoped that it can provide justice to all of its people. If justice in a country can be achieved, it means that the ideals of the founders of the country can be realized. However, the influence of other countries on the enactment of law in Indonesia raises new problems. The influence of other nations is not necessarily personal to the Indonesian nation. Apart from influences from other countries, the law in Indonesia can also be relied on by the diversity of ethnicities, religions, customs, cultures and languages. In its implementation, so as to be swayed by the influence of other countries, based on it, the values of Pancasila are always new in every law enforcement in Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 492, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Rule of law; Ideology; Pancasila", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "312", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 102, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 123, "width": 421, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 setelah memproklamasikan kemerdekaannya, para founding fathers (pendiri bangsa) ini menetapkan Indonesia sebagai negara hukum. Hal ini tertuang di dalam UUD 1945 pra amandemen, yaitu pada penjelasan umum yang menyatakan bahwa: Negara Indonesia ialah negara yang berdasar atas hukum ( rechtsstaat ) dan tidak berdasarkan kekuasaan ( machtsstaat) . Pasca amandemen UUD 1945 dalam pasal 1 ayat (3) juga mengatur bahwa Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 268, "width": 421, "height": 133, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas, Soepomo mengatakan bahwa negara hukum menjamin adanya tertib hukum dalam masyarakat yang berarti bahwa negara memberi perlindungan hukum pada masyarakat, antara hukum dan kekuasaan ada hubungan timbal balik 1 . Hal ini senada dengan pendapat Plato bahwa, penyelenggara negara yang baik adalah pemerintahan yang didasarkan pada pengaturan hukum yang baik, dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang didasarkan pada hukum merupakan salah satu alternatif yang baik dalam penyelenggaraan negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 410, "width": 421, "height": 195, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembentukan hukum hendaknya mengarahkan kepada hakikat hukum (law truth). Artinya, pembentukan undang-undang merupakan suatu cara untuk memajukan dan melindungi kepentingan tertentu atau mengutamakan suatu kepentingan di atas yang lain 2 . Lahirnya konsep negara hukum antara satu negara dengan negara lain tentunya memiliki perbendaan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh ideologi, sosial, budaya antara satu negara dengan negara lain yang mempunyai perbedaan. Konsep negara hukum barat, baik rechtsstaat maupun rule of law lahir dikarenakan adanya pergulatan sosial yang menentang adanya absolutisme yang dilakukan oleh para raja pada waktu itu. Sedangkan negara hukum Indonesia lahir bukan karena adanya pergulatan sosial melawan absolutisme sebagaimana yang terjadi di negara rechtsstaat maupun rule of law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 615, "width": 421, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dengan tema ideologi Pancasila sebagai dasar membangun negara hukum ini telah diteliti antara lain oleh Fransiska Novita Eleanora (2012) mengkaji bagaimana fungsi pancasila sebagai norma dasar dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Hasilnya adalah bahwa pancasila sebagai norma dasar merupakan pandangan hidup bangsa yang tercermin dalam 5 (sila) dalam Pancasila. Kedudukan Pancasila dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 731, "width": 357, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Mukthi Fadjar, 2005, Tipe Negara Hukum , Cet. Kedua, Bayu Media Publishing, Malang, hlm. 7.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 741, "width": 421, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Arif Hidayat, Zaenal Arifin, Politik Hukum Legislasi Sebagai Socio-Equilibrium Di Indonesia , Jurnal Ius Constituendum 4 (2), 2019, hlm 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jic.v4i2.1654", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "313", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sistem hukum Indonesia merupakan sumber dari segala sumber hukum atau sumber tertib hukum sehingga pancasila dijadikan nilai dasar bagi penyusunan norma hukum di Indonesia 3 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 164, "width": 421, "height": 239, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan Husein Muslimin (2016) dalam penelitiannya mengkaji tantangan terhadap Pancasila sebagai ideologi dan dasar negara pasca reformasi. Penelitian tersebut fokus menyoroti dan mengkaji sejarah pembuatan Pancasila dan kedudukannya sebagai ideologi dan dasar negara. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti kedudukan Pancasila pasca reformasi dan bagaimana ideologi dan dasar negara tersebut diterapkan dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan di masa reformasi. Pancasila tidak bersifat tertutup melainkan ideologi terbuka, artinya didak hanya dapat membenarkan melainkan dibutuhkan, oleh karena itu ideologi terbuka milik seluruh rakyat sehingga masyarakat dapat menemukan dirinya, kepribadiaanya didalam ideologi tersebut. Ideologi pancasila bersifat aktual, dinamis dan senantiasa mampu menyesuaikan perkembangan zaman. Pancasila sebagai dasar negara pada hakekatnya adalah sumber dari segala sumber hukum atau sumber tertib hukum 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 413, "width": 421, "height": 280, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Chairul Huda (2018) dalam penelitiannya yang berjudul “Meneguhkan Pancasila Sebagai Ideologi Bernegara: Implemetasi Nilai-Nilai Keseimbangan dalam Upaya Pembangunan Hukum di Indonesia” tersebut mengkaji bagaimana Pancasila sebagai dasar negara mempunyai nilai-nilai keseimbangan hukum, yaitu nilai Ketuhanan (moral religius), nilai kemanusiaan (humanisme), dan nilai kemasyarakatan (nasionalisme dan keadilan sosial). Pertama, konsep Ketuhanan ini tidaklah mengarah atau memihak kepada salah satu agama saja. Konsep Ketuhanan ini dimaksudkan yaitu arah politik hukum harus mengandung nilai-nilai universalitas yang bersifat keyakinan ( aqidah ) atas sifat-sifat Ilahiyah yaitu; nilai-nilai keadilan, persamaan, kemerdekaan, kebenaran, kasih saying, perlindungan, kebersamaan, kejujuran, kepercayaan, tanggungjawab, keterbukaan, keseimbangan, perdamaian dan lain-lainnya dari beberapa nilai permanen di dalamnya. Kedua yaitu nilai Kkemanusiaan (Humanisme) yang mempunyai maksud arah politik hukum harus dapat memposisikan manusia tetap sebagai makhluk yang memiliki hak-hak dasar yang melekat, yaitu; hak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 731, "width": 420, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Fransiska Novita Eleanora, Pancasila Sebagai Norma Dasar Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia , Jurnal Adil 3 (1), 2012. https://doi.org/10.33476/ajl.v3i1.838", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 751, "width": 417, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Husein Muslimin, Tantangan Terhadap Pancasila Sebagai Ideologi Dan Dasar Negara Pasca Reformasi Fransiska, Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 7 (1), 2016, hal 30-38.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "314", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk hidup, hak untuk memperoleh pendidikan, hak berkarya, hak berserikat, hak berkeluarga, hak untuk mendapatkan kebahagiaan, hak untuk berfikir, bersikap dan mengembangkan potensi 5 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 164, "width": 421, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah memplokamirkan diri sebagai negara hukum, tidak jarang dalam praktiknya mengalami kendala. Hal ini harus kita sikapi bersama–sama untuk mewujudkan cita–cita founding fathers (para pendiri) bangsa ini. Sebelum membahas Indonesia sebagai negara hukum, alangkah lebih baik bila kita mengetahui dahulu negara hukum seperti apakah yang dicita–citakan dan diinginkan oleh founding fathers (para pendiri bangsa), apakah negara hukum seperti negara Belanda, apakah negara hukum yang sudah diadaptasi dengan pluralisme yang ada di indonesia, ataukah negara hukum lain yang mempunyai cita rasa Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 330, "width": 421, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini fokus mengkaji bagaimana plurarisme hukum di Indonesia, konsep negara hukum dan karakteristik negara hukum Pancasila. Penelitian ini melengkapi penelitian sebelumnya oleh oleh Fransiska Novita Eleanora (2012) mengkaji bagaimana fungsi pancasila sebagai norma dasar dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Sedangkan Husein Muslimin (2016) dalam penelitiannya fokus mengkaji tantangan terhadap Pancasila sebagai ideologi dan dasar negara pasca reformasi. Penelitian yang berbeda dari Muhammad Chairul Huda (2018) ini menyimpulkan Pancasila menjadi ideologi negara yang universal dan komperhensif. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji negara hukum (rechtsstaat ) atau rule of law sudah tepat untuk negara Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 516, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. PERMASALAHAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 537, "width": 421, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewasa ini kita mungkin sering berfikir apakah negara hukum (rechtsstaat), yang sekarang sudah berlaku di Indonesia merupakan cita – cita dari founding fathers (pendiri bangsa) ini, ataukah negara hukum Indonesia pada saat ini belum sesuai dengan cita– cita pendiri bangsa ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 620, "width": 421, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara hukum bersumber pada cita-cita Rule of Law. Menurut A.V. Dicey dan Sir I. Jennings bahwa ” semua kekuasaan negara bersumber pada hukum, dan hukum tersebut berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai yang tinggi dari kemanusiaan yang bersifat pribadi manusia”6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 731, "width": 422, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Muhammad Chairul Huda, Meneguhkan Pancasila Sebagai Ideologi Bernegara: Implemetasi Nilai-Nilai Keseimbangan dalam Upaya Pembangunan Hukum di Indonesia , Jurnal Resolusi 1 (1), 2018, hal 78-99. https://doi.org/10.2489/resolusi.v1i1.160", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 149, "top": 762, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Oemar Senoadji, 1973, Hukum Acara Pidana dalam Prospektif , Erlangga, Jakarta, hlm. 37", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "315", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 421, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka hukum dilaksanakan dan ditaati. Pelaksanaan dan penegakan hukum harus selalu menjunjung hak hidup, kebebasan, kemerdekaan, dan keamanan bagi individu, karena hukum mempunyai tujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan manusia dan menciptakan ketertiban serta ketentraman masyarakat. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 185, "width": 420, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan latar belakang pemikiran tersebut di atas, apakah sebenarnya Negara Hukum (rechtsstaat) atau rule of law sudah tepat untuk Negara Indonesia?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 226, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 247, "width": 421, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal, bersifat preskriptif, membahas mengenai doktrin - doktrin dan asas - asas dalam ilmu hukum 8 . Penelitian ini digunakan untuk melakukan kajian pada substansi dan struktur hukum, menganalisis hukum secara vertikal dan horizontal yang memberi peta dan arah bagi hukum 9 . Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian hukum ini adalah pendekatan perundang - undangan ( statute approach) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 371, "width": 421, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan hukum primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi Pancasila dan Undang – Undang Dasar tahun 1945. Bahan hukum sekunder yang digunakan berupa buku buku yang secara substanstif relevan dengan tema dan masalah penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 434, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 454, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pluralisme Hukum di Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 475, "width": 400, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai negara hukum ( rechtsstaat ) Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh keragaman suku, agama, adat istiadat, budaya, dan bahasa. Misalnya dari keragaman suku dan budaya melahirkan Hukum Adat. Dari segi agama kita kenal dengan Hukum Islam. Dan juga ada hukum yang berlaku yang dipengaruhi oleh negara barat. Kita ketahui bersama hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia antara lain hukum adat, hukum Islam, civil law dan common law. Dengan berlakuknya lebih dari satu hukum di Indonesia (pluralisme hukum) tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadi tumpang tindih dalam pelaksanaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 640, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan terjadinya tumpang tindih dalam pelaksanaannya tersebut sulit kiranya mewujudkan kepastian hukum. Sering kita jumpai Hukum Adat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 710, "width": 420, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Indonesia (1). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. UUD NRI 1945. Ps.28E ayat 3", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 731, "width": 420, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Soerjono Soekanto, Sri Mamudji, 2015, Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Radja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, hlm 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 751, "width": 421, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Jan Geijssels dan Mark Van Hoecke, 2000, Apakah Teori Hukum Itu? , Terj. B. Arief Sidharta, Fakultas Hukum UNPAR, Bandung, hlm 109.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "316", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 102, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersinggungan dengan Hukum Islam, atau Hukum Pidana atau Perdata atau mungkin juga bertentangan dengan Hukum internasional atau sebaliknya. Hal tersebut pengaruh dari pluralisme hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 164, "width": 400, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hukum adat merupakan hukum asli yang lahir dari kebudayaan dan hidup ditengah - tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Menurut Van Vollenhoven dalam bukunya yang berjudul Het Adatrecht van Nederlandsch , hukum adat merupakan keseluruhan aturan - aturan tingkah laku yang berlaku bagi orang - orang bumi putera dan orang - orang timur asing yang mempunyai pemaksa dan sanksi, lagi pula tidak terkodifikasi. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 288, "width": 400, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia dikenal juga hukum Islam, karena mayoritas warna negara Indonesia adalah pemeluk agama Islam. Banyaknya pemeluk agama Islam tersebut membuat pertumbuhan hukum Islam di Indonesia sangat pesat. Semisal saja, dalam urusan perkawinan, perceraian, waris dan banyak urusan lain yang menggunakan dasar hukum Islam untuk mengaturnya. Dan sudah menjadi aturan baku hukum di Indonesia. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 413, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hukum sipil ( civil law ) adalah hukum peninggalan bangsa Belanda. Karena Belanda menjajah Indonesia dalam kurun waktu yang lama, yaitu sekira 350 tahun maka hukum di Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh hukum sipil ( civil law ). Hal ini bisa dilihat di bidang hukum pidana, hukum perdata, dan hukum dagang banyak dipengaruhi oleh hukum sipil ( civil law ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 516, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan c ommon law pada hukum di Indonesia bisa kita lihat melalui perjanjian – perjanjian internasional yang Indonesia menjadi salah satu anggotanya. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh sarjana hukum yang mendapatkan pendidikan di negara – negara anglo saxon seperti Amerika dan Australia. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 599, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain sebagai negara hukum ( rechtsstaat ), di Indonesia sendiri memiliki dasar negara yang sudah tertanam di masyarakat Indonesia yaitu Pancasila. Pancasila sebagai dasar negara berakar dari nilai – nilai budaya masyarakat dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 689, "width": 420, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Valerine J.L. Kriekhoff, 1997, Analisis Konten dalam Penelitian Hukum: Suatu Telaah Awal. Kumpulan Bahan Bacaan dalam Penataran Metode Penelitian Hukum yang diselenggarakan oleh Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Cimanggis, 20-30 Juli 1997, hlm. 85", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 720, "width": 420, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Indonesia (2), Peraturatn Pemerintah Pengganti Undang Undang Tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2017 LN NOMOR 138 TLN NOMOR 6084.Pasal 1 angka 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 741, "width": 420, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Basri,Faisal dan Haris Munandar. Lanskap Ekonomi Indonesia : Kajian dan Renungan Terhadap Masalah- masalah Struktural, Transformasi Baru, dan Prospek Perekonomian Indonesia, Jakarta:Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "317", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 102, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bangsa Indonesia yang digali dari pandangan hidup bangsa yang merupakan jiwa dan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia. Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia, berasal dari buah pikiran para pendiri bangsa yang disepakati oleh segenap rakyat Indonesia yang merupakan dasar dari Negara Indonesia itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 185, "width": 400, "height": 300, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pancasila dijadikan sebagai dasar negara dikarenakan pancasila dipandang sudah sesuai dengan jiwa bangsa Indonesia sendiri. Hal ini sebagaimana ditegaskan oleh Soekarno dalam pidatonya pada saat sidang BPUPKI yang menyatakan bahwa 13 : “Dalam mengadakan negara Indonesia merdekan itu harus dapat meletakkan negara itu diatas suatu meja statis yang dapat mempersatukan segenap elemen di dalam bangsa itu, tetapi juga harus mempunyai tuntunan dinamis ke arah mana kita gerakkan rakyat, bangsa dan negara ini”, lebih lanjut beliau mengatakan bahwa: “saya beri uraian itu tadi agar saudara – saudara mengerti bahwa bagi republik Indonesia, kita memerlukan satu dasar yang bisa menjadi dasar statis dan yang bisa menjadi leitstar (bintang pimpinan) dinamis, kalau kita mencari satu dasar yang statis yang dapat mengumpulkan semua, dan jikalau kita mencari suatu leitstar dinamis yang dapat menjadi arah perjalanan, kita harus menggali sedalam – dalamnya di dalam jiwa masyarakat kita sendiri. kalau kita mau memasukkan elemen – elemen yang tidak ada di dalam jiwa Indonesia, tidak mungkin dijadikan dasar untuk duduk diatasnya”. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 496, "width": 400, "height": 155, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pidato tersebut bila kita resapi dan kita ambil inti sarinya adalah, negara Indonesia harus mempunyai dasar statis (kuat) dan dinamis (hidup dan berkembang di masyarakat) dan dasar tersebut harus lahir dari negara Indonesia sendiri bukan mengambil dari luar negara indonesia. Kemudian para pendiri negara ini saling bertukar pikiran kemudian menyetujui Pancasila sebagai dasar berdirinya negara Indonesia. Pancasila sebagai dasar negara memperoleh pengesahan secara normatif setelah Indonesia merdeka, tepatnya pada saat disahkan oleh PPKI pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 661, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk memahami nilai – nilai yang terkandung dalam sila –sila Pancasila dikutip oleh Soejadi adalah: 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 720, "width": 382, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Teguh Prasetyo, 2014, Membangun Hukum Berdasarkan Pancasil , Nusa Media, Bandung, hlm. 20-21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 731, "width": 420, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Mufti Makarim.Peran Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil Dalam Reformasi Sektor Keamanan. Pusat Dokumentasi ELSAM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 751, "width": 418, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Soejadi, 1999, Pancasila Sebagai Sumber Tertib Hukum Indonesia , Lukman Oset, Yogyakarta, hlm. 88- 89.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "318", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 102, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa terkandung nilai – nilai religius, yang meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 164, "width": 378, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kepercayaan terhadap adanya Tuhan Yang Maha Esa sebagai pencipta segala sesuatu dengan sifat – sifat yang sempurna dan suci seperti Maha Kuasa, Maha Pengasih, Maha Adil, Maha Bijaksana, dan sebagainya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 226, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Ketakwaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yakni menjelaskan semua perintah-Nya dan menjauhi segala larangan-Nya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 268, "width": 222, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sila Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 288, "width": 399, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam sila kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab terkandung nilai kemanusiaan yang meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 330, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pengakuan terhadap harkat dan martabat manusia dengan segala hak dan wajib asasinya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 371, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Perlakuan yang adil dan beradap sesama manusia, terhadap diri sendiri, alam sekitar dan terhadap Tuhan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 413, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Manusia sebagai makhluk beradab dan berbudaya yang memiliki daya cipta, rasa, karsa dan keyakinan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 454, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Sila Persatuan Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 475, "width": 399, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam sila persatuan Indonesia terkandung nilai persatuan bangsa yang meliputi: 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 516, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pengakuan terhadap kebhinekaan tunggal ikaan suku bangsa (etnis), agama, adat, istiadat dan kebudayaan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 558, "width": 379, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pengakuan terhadap persatuan bangsa dan wilayah – wilayah Indonesia serta wajib membela dan menjunjung tinggi (patriotisme);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 599, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Cinta dan bangga akan bangsa dan negara Indonesia (nasionalisme).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 620, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Sila Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 661, "width": 399, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam sila Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan terkandung nilai kerakyatan yang meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 702, "width": 254, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Negara adalah untuk kepentingan seluruh rakyat;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 741, "width": 420, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Sutaryo.2013. Membangun Kedaulatan Bangsa Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Kawasan Terluar, Terdepan, dan Tertinggal (3T). Yogyakarta. Kumpulan Makalah Call For Papper Kongres Pancasila VII", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "319", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 163, "top": 102, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kedaulatan adalah ditangan rakyat;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 123, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Manusia Indonesia sebagai warga negara dan warga masyarakat mempunyai kedudukan, hak, dan kewajiban yang sama;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 164, "width": 379, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. pimpinan kerakyatan adalah hikmat kebijaksanaan yang dilandasi akal sehat;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 206, "width": 379, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Keputusan diambil berdasarakan musyawarah untuk mufakat oleh wakil – wakil rakyat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 247, "width": 268, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Sila Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 268, "width": 399, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam sila keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia terkandung nilai keadilan sosial yang meliputi: 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 309, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Perlakuan yang adil di segala bidang kehidupan terutama dibidang politik, ekonomi, dan sosial budaya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 350, "width": 332, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Perwujudan keadilan sosial itu meliputi seluruh rakyat Indonesia;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 371, "width": 218, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 392, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Menghormati hak milik orang lain;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 413, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Cita – cita masyarakat adil dan makmur yang merata material dan spiritual bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 454, "width": 213, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Cinta akan kemajuan dan pembangunan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 475, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari kelima sila tersebut dapat kita lihat bahwa cita – cita luhur bangsa Indonesia sudah terangkum di dalam Pancasila. Dan juga Pancasila bisa menjadi penuntun generasi – generasi berikutnya untuk melanjutkan cita – cita pendiri negara Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 558, "width": 400, "height": 93, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini penting mengingat banyaknya pengaruh negara asing yang masuk ke Indonesia. Bangsa Indonesia harus mempunyai pandangan hidup ( way of life ) yang jelas. Dan pandangan itu akan mempermudah kita untuk tetap pada rel yang benar sesuai dengan cita - cita para founding fathers (pendiri bangsa) dan tidak terombang - ambing dengan pengaruh negara lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 661, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Konsep Negara Hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 682, "width": 399, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti penjelasan diatas bahwa lahirnya konsep negara hukum antara satu negara dengan negara lain tentunya memiliki perbedaan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 741, "width": 420, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Tim Penyusun Revisi Naskah Komprehensif, 2010, Perubahan UUD NKRI 1945, Latar Belakang, Proses, dan Hasil Pembahasan Tahun 1999-2002, Buku II Sendi-Sendi/Fundamental Negara, Sekretariat Jendral dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Jakarta, hlm. 60.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "320", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 102, "width": 399, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ideologi, sosial, budaya antara satu negara dengan negara lain yang mempunyai perbedaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 143, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep negara hukum barat, baik rechtsstaat maupun rule of law lahir dikarenakan adanya pergulatan sosial yang menentang adanya absolutisme yang dilakukan oleh para raja pada waktu itu. Sedangkan Negara Hukum Indonesia lahir bukan karena adanya pergulatan sosial melawan absolutisme sebagaimana yang terjadi di negara rechtsstaat maupun rule of law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 247, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara hukum Indonesia lahir dengan semangat yang berbeda, bukan semangat untuk menentang absolutisme para raja, melainkan karena adanya dorongan dari seluruh elemen bangsa Indonesia untuk merdeka dari penjajahan kolonialisme yang dilakukan oleh Belanda. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 330, "width": 400, "height": 218, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai hal tersebut diatas, Marjene Termorshuizen mengatakan: The Indonesian concept negara hukum has been derived from the western conceptions of rechtsstaat during first period after their independence (1945), wich influenced by european than by american type. The reason therefor is that cosequence of long lasting former colonialization law in the middle of twentieth century was still much affected by european (ducht) than American (common law) 19 . terjemahan: Konsep negara hukum Indonesia berasal dari konsepsi barat rechtsstaat selama periode pertama setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945), yang dipengaruhi oleh tipe Eropa daripada tipe Amerika. Hal ini disebabkan adanya konsekuensi dari hukum bekas kolonilisasi yang berlangsung lama dalam abad pertengahan yang masih banyak pengaruh Eropa (Belanda) daripada Amerika (doktrin common law ). 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 558, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain hal tersebut, menurut Philipus Hadjon perbedaan antara konsep negara hukum Indonesia dengan rechtsstaat maupun rule of law adalah penekanannya terhadap pengakuan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang bersifat individual. Untuk melindungi hak asasi manusi (HAM), konsep rule of law menitik beratkan kepada asas rechmatigheid. Sedangkan dalam negara hukum Indonesia (pada waktu sidang BPUPKI) tidak menghendaki adanya perlindungan terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 700, "width": 421, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Magna, Kuntana, dkk., “ Tafsir Mahkamah Konstitusi Atas Pasal 33 Undang- Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (Putusan MK Mengenai Judicial Review Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2004, Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2002) ”,Jurnal Konstitusi 7 (1), 2010.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 731, "width": 420, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 I Dewa Gede Atmaja, 2010, Hukum Konstitusi: Problematika Konstitusi Indonesia Sesudah Perubahan UUD 1945 , Edisi Revisi, Setara Press, Malang, hlm. 160.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 751, "width": 420, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Wahyono S.K. “ Wawasan Nusantara Sebuah Konsepsi Geopolitik” dalam Wawasan Nusantara, Surya Indah, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "321", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 102, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HAM yang bersifat individual, melainkan yang menjadi titik sentral adalah keserasian hubungan antara pemerintah dan rakyat berdasarkan asas kerukunan dan kekeluargaan 21 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 164, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerukunan dan kekeluargaan merupakan salah satu perwujudan dari Pancasila. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia kerukunan dan kekeluargaan seharusnya dijunjung tinggi. Selain itu keserasian hubungan antara pemerintah dan rakyat menjadi hal penting untuk mewujudkan Negara Hukum Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 247, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unsur – unsur negara hukum Indonesia yang mengandung unsur rechtsstaat yang tercantum dalam UUD 1945 pra dan pasca amandemen adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 309, "width": 379, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Asas legalitas atau due process of law , dalam arti bahwa setiap tindakan pemerintah didasarkan pada hukum atau peraturan perundang – undangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 350, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Adanya pembatasan kekuasaan negara (baik dalam arti pemisahan kekuasaan maupun pembagian kekuasaan).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 392, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Adanya penghormatan terhadap HAM.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 413, "width": 379, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Adanya peradilan tata usaha negara dalam perselisihan antara pemerintah dengan warga negara ( onrechtmatige overheidsdaad ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 454, "width": 399, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu unsur – unsur rule of law yang tercantum dalam UUD 1945 pra dan pasca amandemen adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 496, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Supremasi hukum ( supremacy of law ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 516, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Adanya persamaan di depan hukum ( equality before the law ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 537, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kekuasaan kehakiman bebas dan merdeka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 558, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, konsep negara hukum yang diterapkan di Indonesia adalah konsep negara hukum yang mempunyai ciri khas Indonesia yang didasarkan pada nilai – nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 620, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pembentukan negara hukum di Indonesia didasarkan pada Pancasila, dikarenakan Pancasila merupakan dasar bagi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Jadi bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Negara Hukum Indonesia adalah Negara Hukum Pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 762, "width": 392, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Philipus M. Hadjon, 1987, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat di Indonesia , Bina Ilmu, Surabaya, hlm. 84.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "322", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 102, "width": 221, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Karakteristik Negara Hukum Pancasila", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara hukum Pancasila adalah suatu negara hukum yang bercirikan atau berlandaskan pada nilai – nilai luhur serta berlandaskan pada identitas dan karakteristik yang terdapat pada Pancasila. Nilai – nilai yang menjadi landasan bagi negara hukum Pancasila yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 206, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 226, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 247, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Persatuan Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 268, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kerakyatan yang di pimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawarahan perwakilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 309, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Keadilan sosial.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 330, "width": 399, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karakteristik yang dimaksud yang terdapat di dalam Nagara Hukum Pancasila adalah Ketuhanan, kekeluargaan, gotong royong, dan kerukunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 371, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama dalam hal Ketuhanan, negara hukum Pancasila mengakui adanya keberadaan dan kemahakuasaan Tuhan. Hal tersebut tertuang dalam pembukaan maupun pasal 29 UUD 1945. Dalam pembukaan UUD 1945 negara Indonesia mengakui bahwa negara Indonesia lahir karena adanya campur tangan dan kemahakuasaan Tuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 475, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlu diingat bahwa kemerdekaan Negara Indonesia didapatkan dari karunia Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, bukan atas pemberian penjajah Belanda atau negara lain. Kemerdekaan Indonesia tidak mungkin terjadi bila Tuhan Yang Maha Esa tidak menghendakinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 555, "width": 400, "height": 76, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea III yang menyebutkan bahwa, “Atas berkat rahmat Allah Yang Maha Kuasa dan dengan didorongkan oleh keinginan luhur, supaya berkehidupan kebangsaan yang bebas, maka rakyat Indonesia menyatakan dengan ini kemerdekaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 640, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengakuan atas keberadaan Tuhan dan kemahakuasaan Tuhan tersebut, negara hukum Pancasila wajib menjamin adanya kebebasan beragama ( freedom of religion ). Hal ini sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 29 UUD 1945 yang menyatakan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "323", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 102, "width": 273, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Negara berdasarkan atas Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Negara menjamin kemerdekaan tiap – tiap penduduk untuk memeluk agamanya masing – masing dan untuk beribadat menurut agamanya dan kepercayaannya itu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 185, "width": 400, "height": 156, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, negara hukum Pancasila mempunyai karakter kekeluargaan dan gotong royong. Asas kekeluargaan dalam negara hukum Pancasila tidak dapat dipisahkan dari paham negara integralistik sebagaimana dinyatakan oleh Soepomo. Menurutnya kalau hendak membicarakan mengenai dasar pemerintahan Indonesia yang hendak dibangun, maka hendaknya sistem pemerintahan tersebut harus didasarkan pada staatsidee bangsa Indonesia. Selanjutnya menurut Soepomo, sistem pemerintahan Indonesia harus didasarkan pada asas kekeluargaan atau yang disebut dengan negara integralistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 350, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asas kekeluargaan dalam pandangan falsafah Pancasila menunjukkan suatu pandangan dan sikap hidup bangsa Indonesia yang menentang pandangan dan sikap bangsa barat yang individualis dan liberalis. Jadi antar warga negara Indonesia hendaklah saling hormat menghormati dan saling saying menyayangi layaknya satu keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 454, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keluarga besar yang bernam Indonesia yang terdiri dari bermacam - macam suku, adat, budaya, dan agama. Tidak patut bila antara sesame anggota keluarga ada sebuah permusuhan. Hendaknya bila ada suatu permasalahan yang terjadi hendaklah bisa diselesaikan secara kekeluargaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 537, "width": 400, "height": 156, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asas kekeluargaan diartikan bahwa Indonesia sebagai negara persatuan yang melindungi dan meliputi segenap bangsa dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia. Hal ini sebagaimana yang diatur dalam penjelasan umum UUD 1945, yang menyebutkan bahwa: “Negara melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia dengan berdasar atas persatuan dengan mewujudkan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia”. Dalam pembukaan ini diterima aliran pengertian negara persatuan, negara yang melindungi dan meliputi segenap bangsa seluruhnya. Jadi negara mengatasi segala paham golongan, mengatasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "324", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 100, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "segala paham perorangan. Negara menurut pengertian “pembukaan” itu menghendaki persatuan, meliputi segenap bangsa Indonesia seluruhnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 143, "width": 400, "height": 136, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampai dengan era tahun 1970 an, ketika orang Indonesia (Jawa khususnya) dihadapkan pada konflik maka akan dipilih cara – cara penyelesaian dengan menonjolkan solidaritas sosial. Kompromi, musayawarah ( conciliation ) serta pendekatan lunak selalu dipandang sebagai cara terbaik untuk menyelesaikan konflik sekaligus mengembalikan suasana kehidupan harminis. Bahkan dapat dinyatakan bahwa musyawarah itu merupakan karakteristik utama dari budaya hukum Indonesia 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 288, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiga asas gotong royong, dalam asas ini memberikan arti bahwa Negara Pancasila mengakui gotong royong sebagai salah satu sifat masyarakat Indonesia. Gotong royong sendiri adalah saling tolong menolong dalam berbagai hal untuk mewujudkan kepentingan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 371, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gotong royong sering kita jumpai dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Sebagai contoh gotong royong masyarakat Indonesia dalam membuat jembatan, membangun jalan atau menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan masih banyak contoh yang lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 454, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak berhenti hanya dalam tatanan bermasyarakat, gotong royong dalam menyumbangkan pikiran untuk kemajuan bangsa Indonesia bisa dilihat dari keterwakilan suara rakyat oleh MPR, DPR, dan DPRD dalam membuat suatu produk hukum berupa undang - undang. Indonesia diharapkan bisa menjadi bangsa yang modern, akan tetapi tidak meninggalkan nilai - nilai Pancasila. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 558, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 578, "width": 421, "height": 135, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbedaan pengertian negara hukum di Indonesia dengan negara hukum pada negara lain (negara barat) disebabkan oleh perbedaan ideologi, sosial, budaya dengan negara lain (negara barat). Tentu saja faktor – faktor tersebut memberikan warna tersendiri bagi bangsa indonesia. Konsep negara hukum barat, baik rechtsstaat maupun rule of law lahir dikarenakan adanya pergulatan sosial yang menentang adanya absolutisme yang dilakukan oleh para raja pada waktu itu. Sedangkan Negara Hukum Indonesia lahir bukan karena adanya pergulatan sosial melawan absolutisme", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 741, "width": 392, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Daniel Lev, 1972, Judicial Institutins and Legal Culture in Indonesia , Cornell University Press, hlm. 246.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 121, "top": 751, "width": 420, "height": 20, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 M. Parapat, dan Sunardi, “Pemekaran Wawasan Nusantara Sebagai Doktrin Dasar Nasional”, dalam Wawasan Nusantara, Surya Indah, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "325", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 421, "height": 135, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagaimana yang terjadi di negara rechtsstaat maupun rule of law. Negara hukum Indonesia lahir dengan semangat yang berbeda, bukan semangat untuk menentang absolutisme para raja, melainkan karena adanya dorongan dari seluruh elemen bangsa Indonesia untuk merdeka dari penjajahan kolonialisme yang dilakukan oleh Belanda. Berbeda dengan Negara Hukum yang lain baik rechtsstaat maupun rule of law, Negara Hukum Indonesia adalah suatu Negara Hukum yang memegang teguh nilai nilai Pancasila. Jadi Indonesia bisa dikatakan sebagai Negara Hukum Pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 268, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 288, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buku", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 302, "width": 396, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atmaja I Dewa Gede, “ Hukum Konstitusi: Problematika Konstitusi Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 316, "width": 421, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sesudah Perubahan UUD 1945”, Setara Press, 2010, Malang. Atmorejo Sudjito, “ Hukum dalam pelangi Kehidupan”, Dialektika, 2018, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 178, "top": 343, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 357, "width": 421, "height": 67, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fadjar Mukthi, “ Tipe Negara Hukum”, Bayu Media Publishing, 2005, Malang. F.M. Parapat, dan Sunardi, “ Pemekaran Wawasan Nusantara Sebagai Doktrin Dasar Nasional”, dalam Wawasan Nusantara , Surya Indah, Jakarta. Geijssels Jan dan Mark Van Hoecke. 2000. Apakah Teori Hukum Itu? , Terj. B. Arief Sidharta. Bandung : Fakultas Hukum UNPAR.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 426, "width": 421, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lev Daniel, “ Judicial Institutins and Legal Culture in Indonesia”, Cornell University Press, 1972.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 454, "width": 421, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. Hadjon Philipus,” Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat di Indonesia”, Bina Ilmu, 1987, Surabaya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 482, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mufti Makarim, Peran Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil Dalam Reformasi Sektor Keamanan, Pusat Dokumentasi ELSAM. Prasetyo Teguh,” Membangun Hukum Berdasarkan Pancasila”, Nusa Media, 2014, Bandung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 537, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Senoadji Oemar,” Hukum Acara Pidana dalam Prospektif”, Erlangga, 1973,Jakarta. Soejadi,” Pancasila Sebagai Sumber Tertib Hukum Indonesia”, Lukman Oset, 1999, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 578, "width": 421, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Soerjono Soekanto, Sri Mamudji, 2015, Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Radja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 606, "width": 421, "height": 94, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutaryo.2013. Membangun Kedaulatan Bangsa Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Kawasan Terluar, Terdepan, dan Tertinggal (3T). Yogyakarta. Kumpulan Makalah Call For Papper Kongres Pancasila VII Tim Penyusun Revisi Naskah Komprehensif, 2010, Perubahan UUD NKRI 1945, Latar Belakang, Proses, dan Hasil Pembahasan Tahun 1999-2002, Buku II Sendi- Sendi/Fundamental Negara, Sekretariat Jendral dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi , Jakarta, hlm. 60.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "326", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 421, "height": 66, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Valerine J.L. Kriekhoff, 1997, Analisis Konten dalam Penelitian Hukum: Suatu Telaah Awal. Kumpulan Bahan Bacaan dalam Penataran Metode Penelitian Hukum , Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Cimanggis, 20-30 Juli 1997, hlm. 85 Wahyono S.K. “ Wawasan Nusantara Sebuah Konsepsi Geopolitik” dalam Wawasan Nusantara , Surya Indah, Jakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 185, "width": 420, "height": 38, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Adam L. Schless, “ Opened Skies: Loosening the Protectionist Grips on International Civil Aviation” Emory International Law Review 8 (43), 1994.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 224, "width": 421, "height": 68, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adi Purwito, “ Pembudayaan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Bagi Masyarakat Sebagai Modal Dasar Peratahan Nasional NKRI ”,Jurnal Moral Kemasyarakatan 1 (1), 2016. Arif Hidayat, Zaenal Arifin, Politik Hukum Legislasi Sebagai Socio-Equilibrium Di Indonesia , Jurnal Ius Constituendum 4 (2), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jic.v4i2.1654", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 295, "width": 421, "height": 218, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fransiska Novita Eleanora, Pancasila Sebagai Norma Dasar Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia , Jurnal Adil 3 (1), 2012. https://doi.org/10.33476/ajl.v3i1.838 Husein Muslimin, Tantangan Terhadap Pancasila Sebagai Ideologi Dan Dasar Negara Pasca Reformasi Fransiska , Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 7 (1), 2016. Magna, Kuntana, dkk., “ Tafsir Mahkamah Konstitusi Atas Pasal 33 Undang- Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (Putusan MK Mengenai Judicial Review Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2004, Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2002)” ,Jurnal Konstitusi 7 (1), 2010. Muhammad Chairul Huda, Meneguhkan Pancasila Sebagai Ideologi Bernegara: Implemetasi Nilai-Nilai Keseimbangan dalam Upaya Pembangunan Hukum di Indonesia , Jurnal Resolusi 1(1), 2018. https://doi.org/10.2489/resolusi.v1i1.160 Muslimin Husein ,”Tantangan terhadap Pancasila sebagai Ideologi dan Dasar Negara Pasca Reformasi”, Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 7 (1), 2016. Puji Asmaroini Ambiro, “ Menjaga Eksistensi Pancasila dan Penerapannya bagi Masyarakat di Era Globalisasi”, Jurnal Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 2 (1), 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 513, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Susila Agna,Krisnan Johny, “ Menggali Kembali Peran Pancasila sebagai Ideologi Bangsa dan Dasar Negara dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional di Era Globa”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 544, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Hukum 4 (1), 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 555, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutrisno, “Peran Ideologi Pancasila dalam Perkembangan Konstitusi dan Sistem Hukum di Indonesia, Jurnal Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 1 (1), 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 599, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Perundang-Undangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 613, "width": 315, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 626, "width": 421, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang Undang Tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 668, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Literasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 682, "width": 417, "height": 24, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. 2002 . Gus Dur Versus Militer : Studi tentang Hubungan Sipil- Militer di Era Transisi , Jakarta:PT. Grasindo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 77, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2621-4105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 25, "width": 302, "height": 21, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia Widiatama,Hadi Mahmud,Suparwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 795, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 3 No 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "327", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basri,Faisal dan Haris Munandar. 2009. Lanskap Ekonomi Indonesia : Kajian Dan Renungan Terhadap Masalah-Masalah Struktural, Transformasi Baru, Dan Prospek Perekonomian Indonesia , Jakarta:Kencana Prenada Media Group.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal PKM: Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 38, "width": 156, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 05 No. 01, Januari-Februari 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2614-574X, e-ISSN 2615-4749", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 470, "top": 49, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hal. 46-52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 140, "top": 88, "width": 323, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA UKM BILQIS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 131, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dolly Indra 1) , Ihwana As’ad 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 159, "width": 304, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Sistem Informasi, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Muslim Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 170, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Teknik Informatika, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Muslim Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 198, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 223, "width": 371, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Kecil Menengah atau UKM merupakan jenis usaha yang dilakukan dalam lingkup kecil sampai menengah. UKM Bilqis terletak di Desa Sanrobone, Kabupaten Takalar yang berfokus pada penjualan yaitu baju dan seragam sekolah dimana penjualannya masih bersifat konvesional. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini, kami menerapkan sistem informasi berbasis website pada UKM Bilqis sebagai media penjualan online. Dalam pengabdian ini kami melakukan pendampingan dalam penggunaan sistem informasi penjualan baik dari pemilik toko dalam hal ini adalah UKM Bilqis serta dari pembeli yang diambil dari sampel secara acak. Hasil dalam pengabdian ini berupa kuisioner sebagai bentuk penilaian terhadap aplikasi yang dibua dimana hasilnya menunjukan hasil yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 350, "width": 296, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : UKM Bilqis, Sistem Informasi, Website, Client dan Server.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 375, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 402, "width": 371, "height": 90, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMEs are a type of business that is carried out in a small to medium scale. Bilqis UKM is located in Sanrobone Village, Takalar Regency that focuses on sales, namely school clothes and uniforms where sales are still conventional. The rapid development of information tecnology today, we implement a website-based information system for UKM Bilqis as an online sales medium. In this service, we provide assistance in the use of sales information systems both from shop owners in this case Bilqis UKM and from buyers taken from random samples. The results in this service are a questionnaire used for application assessment that we made with the result was good.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 506, "width": 292, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : UKM Bilqis, Information System, Website, Client and Server", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 528, "width": 270, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correspondence author: Dolly Indra, [email protected], Makassar, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 557, "width": 170, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a CC-BY-NC", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 597, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 429, "height": 121, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini perkembangan informasi dengan memanfaatkan teknologi semakin berkembang dengan pesat sehingga bisa diterapkan pada semua bidang. Pemanfaantan teknologi diantaranya adalah proses akademik, industri perdagangan dan kesehatan. Teknologi dalam industri perdagangan banyak memberikan pengaruh khususnya dalam persaingan bisnis penjualan. Untuk mempermudah proses bisnis maka suatu perusahaan harus beradaptasi dengan kemajuan teknologi (Marjito & Gina, 2016). Perdagangan bisnis secara elektronik dapat melibatkan penggunaan internet dalam memasarkan dan menjual produk serta jasa kepada konsumen (Doolin, et al., 2005). Teknologi penjualan online ini sering juga disebut dengan istilah e-Commerce (Ardiyanto, et al., 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dolly Indra, Ihwana As’ad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 797, "width": 389, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal PKM: Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Vol. 05 No. 01, Januari-Februari 2022, 46-52 | 47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 429, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (DailySocial dan Veritrans, 2012) penggunaan e-commerce di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Transaksi bisnis dengan memanfaatkan internet menjadi sangat penting karena banyak pengusaha yang menggunakan e-commerce dalam perusahaannya. Di era teknologi yang semakin berkembangan seperti saat ini menggunakan sebuah media online atau e-commerce dalam bisnis penjualan merupakan sebuah keharusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam bisnis atau usaha dalam hal ini UKM tidak hanya memerlukan karyawan tapi perlu dukungan peralatan atau aplikasi dengan memanfaatkan teknologi untuk dapat beradaptasi dalam era industri 4.0 (Legina, Sofia, 2020). Kami melakukan kunjungan terhadap UKM Bilqis, dimana UKM ini terletak di Desa Sanrobone, Kecamatan Sanrobone, Kabupaten Takalar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Berdasarkan hasil kunjungan tersebut maka memunculkan ide untuk menerapkan sistem informasi penjualan online berbasis website pada UKM Bilqis. Menurut (Dolly dan Lilis, 2018) dengan adanya penjualan berbasis website ini dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi bagi UKM serta mengukurnya dengan menggunakan metode. kuisioner (Luh Arida & I Gede, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 179, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UKM Bilqis bergerak dalam usaha penjualan dalam hal ini adalah pakaian dan seragam sekolah dimana metode penjualan yang dilakukan selama ini adalah tradisional yaitu penjual dengan pembeli bertemu sacara langsung. UKM ini belum memiliki media yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan usaha dalam hal ini adalah pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sebagai solusinya maka dibutuhkan sebuah desain, rancangan dan aplikasi sebagai media online yang dapat membantu meningkatkan penjualan, selain itu usaha menjadi lebih menarik dimata pelanggan dan dapat memberikan jangkauan pelanggan secara luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 476, "width": 428, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain sebagai media pemberi informasi penjualan, aplikasi ini juga dirancang disisi pemilik toko yang akan membantu dalam manajemen penjualan baik secara ketersediaan informasi barang dan pengelolaan laporan penjualan. Kemudian dilakukan pelatihan dalam penggunaan aplikasi untuk memberikan pengenalan dan pemahaman kepada pemilik toko dalam hal ini UKM Bilqis dan pembeli bagaimana mengunakan aplikasi dengan baik agar masalah diatas dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan pengguna aplikasi dilakukan pengambilan data berdasarkan kuesioner terkait kepuasan pengguna dan hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur kepuasan pelanggan terhadap aplikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 629, "width": 188, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 431, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian ini menjelaskan kegiatan pengabdian pada UKM Bilqis berupa pelatihan dan seminar tentang penjualan produk berbasis online. Pelatihan yang dilakukan berupa pendampingan dan tutorial penggunaan sistem informasi penjualan untuk admin dan client, dimana admin dapat melakukan pengelolaan sistem, sedangkan client dapat melakukan transaksi pembelian. Gambar 1 merupakan Tim pelaksana pengabdian dari Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Muslim Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 228, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan Sistem Informasi Penjualan pada UKM Bilqis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 797, "width": 389, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "48 | Jurnal PKM : Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Vol. 05 No. 01, Januari-Februari 2022, 46-52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 155, "top": 292, "width": 288, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Tim Pengabdian Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Pada UKM Bilqis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada seminar dilakukan untuk menjelaskan pentingnya pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dalam suatu bisnis atau usaha kepada UKM Bilqis yang diketuai oleh ibu sarialang dan masyarakat yang tinggal disekitar UKM serta dilakukan juga lauching website sistem informasi penjualan pada UKM Bilqis. Gambar 2 merupakan kegiatan pelatihan yang diadakan di UKM Bilqis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 634, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Pelatihan Pada UKM Bilqis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 merupakan hasil pengabdian. Dalam pengabdian ini UKM Bilqis memperoleh sistem informasi penjualan berbasis website dengan alamat URLnya adalah http://tokobisqis.com/ sebagai client dan http://tokobisqis.com/olshop/ sebagai server.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dolly Indra, Ihwana As’ad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 797, "width": 389, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal PKM: Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Vol. 05 No. 01, Januari-Februari 2022, 46-52 | 49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 147, "top": 337, "width": 308, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Tim Melakukan Launching Website Sistem Informasi Penjualan Pada UKM Bilqis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem informasi penjualan bagian admin selain menjadi media untuk memberikan informasi barang dan penjualan, juga dapat membuat laporan penjualan. Gambar 4-6 merupakan contoh laporan harian, bulanan dan tahunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 675, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Contoh Laporan Harian Penjualan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 228, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan Sistem Informasi Penjualan pada UKM Bilqis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 797, "width": 389, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50 | Jurnal PKM : Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Vol. 05 No. 01, Januari-Februari 2022, 46-52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 203, "top": 331, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Contoh Laporan Bulanan Penjualan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 599, "width": 192, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Contoh Laporan Tahunan Penjualan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pengabdian ini produk yang dihasilkan berupa aplikasi penjualan online yang telah diimplementasikan, kemudian kami melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan kuesioner terhadap beberapa pengguna baik pengguna dari admin dan client. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner tersebut, didapatkan persentase kepuasan pengguna yang ditunjukan pada Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dolly Indra, Ihwana As’ad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 797, "width": 389, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal PKM: Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Vol. 05 No. 01, Januari-Februari 2022, 46-52 | 51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 258, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Persentase kuesioner kepuasan pengguna", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 7 diatas, dapat diuraikan bahwa penggunaan website baik oleh pemilik toko sebagai server dan pembeli sebagai client menghasilkan tingkat kepuasan dengan rata-rata nilai persentase yaitu 39 % sangat Setuju (SS), 40%, nilai Setuju (S), 16 % nilai Cukup (C) dan sisanya sebesar 5% menyatakan Kurang Setuju (KS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UKM Bilqis sudah dapat menggunakan sistem informasi penjualan berbasis website melalui pendampingan atau pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi, serta hasil dari kuisioner yang menunjukkan hasil yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ardyanto, Denni, Heru Susilo dan Riyadi. 2015. Pengaruh kemudahan dan Kepercayaan Menggunakan E-Commerce terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online (Survei pada Konsumen www.petersaysdenim.com). Jurnal Administrasi dan Bisnis (JAB). Volume 22. Nomor 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 562, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arida ayu r.p., Luh, santi astawa., I gede, 2018. Analisis Data Kuisioner Kepuasan Pengguna Aplikasi Pembelajaran Bebantenan, e-jurnal matematika. Vol 7 No 3 (2018).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 604, "width": 324, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DailySocial, Veritrans., Agustus 2012. E-Commerce in Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doolin, Bill., et al, 2005. Perceived Risk, the Internet Shopping Experience and Online", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 631, "width": 247, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purchasing Behavior: A New Zealand Perspective.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Indra, dan L. Nurhayati, 2018. Pengembangan Masyarakat Pada Pelaku Usaha Industri Abon Ikan Gabus Berbasis Web Di Kel.Bontoparang Kec.Parangloe Kab.Gowa, Jurnal Balireso Vol. 3, No. 1, Januari 2018", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X. Legina, dan I.P. Sofia, 2020. 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 85, "width": 331, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "THEORETICAL, PEDAGOGICAL, PRACTICAL VIEWS, AND THE SHIFT OF GENRE BASED INSTRUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 148, "width": 186, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ruly Morganna Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 226, "width": 62, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 268, "width": 321, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "This paper was written under the purpose of exploring in details about genre based Instruction (GBI). The exploration was carried out through conducting library research which furnished theoretical concept and implication of GBI. GBI as how it was nowadays became very famous to be applied for teaching writing where the same case occurred in Indonesia in that it was implemented into the English classroom for teaching English writing. GBI was uniquely powerful in its substance since it not only focused on the process of writing itself, but also stressed on the quality of writing work. This teaching method made students learn a language as how it was used in a particular social setting because the nature of genre was social-setting-based communication and that was the obvious phenomenon occurring when people used a language. In this paper, there were several elements which were discussed regarding GBI. They encompassed its theories including linguistic principles andlearning principles, both pedagogical and practical views in the classroom, a brief practical view about GBI in Indonesia, and the terminological shift of GBI occurring in Indonesia.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 479, "width": 289, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Keywords : Genre Based Instruction, Theories, Pedagogy, Practice, terminological shift", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 349, "height": 84, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Since the implementation of 2004 up to nowadays’ curriculum, the pedagogy of English as a second language in Indonesia has been undertaken on the main basis of teaching reading and writing. It does not achieve up to 30 percent of teaching and learning materials within other skills such as listening and speaking rather than the two major previously mentioned", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 348, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "skills. What generates this curriculum design accounts for the primary source in the form of government regulation which postulates that the language education including English pedagogy must be running on the route of maintaining reading and writing culture (Chapter III, Article 21, Point 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 349, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The paradigm overlaying this regulation leads into the material design of English language pedagogy in Indonesia dominated by mostly reading and writing materials. Those materials range into the extent of a variety of genres. It is obviously automatic that the students need to cope with various kind of English genres while learning English at schools, the teachers’ competences must subsequently also follow the needs of mastering both the concept, purpose, textual organization, and linguistic features for teaching English genres, and the teaching implementation itself must be in line with the basis of a particularly technical instruction upon English genres.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 348, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Talking more about the last issue other than students’ and teachers’ needs, the technical instruction for teaching English genre, there is a must for English teachers to view, learn, and practice more the application of one of popular instructional methods or techniques for teaching English genre, genre based instruction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 348, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "As a major sight, genre based instruction is very famous and more powerful to be applied for teaching writing since its essence is on the extent of constructivism principle. In other words the term constructivism in this sense represents a process of production in that if related to language teaching, it is more prevailing to indicate the process of construction for producing language such as writing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 349, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In accordance with the above illustration, it is considered really necessary for English teachers or even lecturers to learn deeply about genre based instruction from theories to practice. Therefore, in this scientific article, the writer is interested in conducting a deep review regarding genre based instruction from theoretical, pedagogical, and practical views, and the current shift of genre based instruction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 158, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Theoretical View of Genre Based Instruction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 349, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Genre based Instruction (GBI) is a method of teaching language that emerges as a result of undertaking genre analysis. Genre analysis is indicated as the study which views the way a language is used within a particular setting (Swales, 1990), and one that probes into how language is used meaningfully, or how its use is linked to meaning (Bhatia, 1993). As a language teaching method, GBI is more prevailing to be implemented for teaching writing as what commonly occurs in English language teaching classroom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 349, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "If it is viewed back to the paradigm of teaching writing itself, there are two prevalent approaches underlying its implementation. They range into the process approach and product approach. The former portrays the conduction where the teacher trains students to build, improve, and maintain their writing skills so that the learning process deals with a variety of classroom activities (Brown, 1994).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 348, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The latter leads into the teaching in that the teacher furnishes students with learning treatments under the primary purpose expecting that the students are capable of producing a qualified writing work, one which is readable and easily comprehended by the readers. Implicitly, this approach accounts for the teaching focus on the basis of readers’ viewpoints.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 349, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "As postulated by Fauziati (2014), the two general approaches as previously mentioned actually lie within the paradigm of Genre based Instruction. This synthesis is in line with the concept offered by Hammond (1992) regarding GBI in which this method covers three cycles of teaching phases in tandem to the major substance of the two general approaches of teaching writing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 348, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "For further details, Hammond (1992) emphasizes the teaching cycles that involve:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 536, "width": 321, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1. Modeling where the teacher introduces students about the social function of genre which is being learnt, the text features and linguistic features required to promote the genre to be communicative, and knowledge of the text itself.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 606, "width": 321, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2. Joint negotiation in which the teacher guides students to utilize what they have known and comprehended from", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 135, "top": 85, "width": 299, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "the modeling phase to write the text simultaneously as a particular genre that is learnt in progress. Here the learning activities engage in the interaction of teacher to students and that among students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 141, "width": 321, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3. Independent construction in that the students are instructed to individually write a text as the learnt genre with using all relevant knowledge they have got in modeling phase and all experiences they have undergone in the second phase, joint negotiation.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 348, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "If turning into the two general approaches of teaching writing, as in GBI, the process approach is naturally implemented in joint negotiation phase, and the other, the product approach lies within the last phase of GBI, independent construction since this activity does not end until the students are capable of writing merely, but continues to revising process and even publishing as to clearly manifest in how essential the quality of writing work that students have to produce.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 348, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "It can subsequently be synthesized that Genre based Instruction is a language teaching method which develops classroom learning activities that represent the use of language within a particular setting, social function, and the focus of meaning orientation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 234, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Principles within Genre Based Instruction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 348, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The persistence of Genre based Instruction possesses valuable learning principles which fortify how effective and powerful it could be implemented to the classroom especially in teaching writing. The following explanation will provide two prevailing principles within GBI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 521, "width": 110, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Linguistic Principle", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 349, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "As GBI is defined as a teaching method generated from doing genre analysis, the linguistics principles of GBI are from linguistics theoretical bases commonly known by Rhetorical Structure Theory in North America (Mann and Thompson,1988), and Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory in Australia (Halliday and Hasan: 1989). Genre analysis, that emphasizes the field of how language is used in a particular setting and meaning orientation, is", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 349, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "obviously best to accurately identify the text organization and to analyze in detail the language features which are convenient with communicative purposes of the text (Henry and Roseberry, 1998).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 349, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Since the primary base of its principle is doing genre analysis, it is also important to view what is genre itself for further understanding about linguistics principle of GBI. Swales (1990) mentions that the term “genre” is deciphered as a class of social event where this implicitly manifests in a specific convention used by writers to express their communicative purpose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 349, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Another idea regarding the substance of “genre” is also postulated byByram (2004) in that it is a staged, goal oriented, purposeful activity where speakers are engaged in their culture. The entire thoughts suggested by the above experts in portraying the term “genre” actually lead to a comprehensible key that genre is a specific social setting in which a communication is undertaken, it must be within a social setting and the communication must also convey its meanings under the purpose in the social convention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 349, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The term “genre” under its fundamental substance then develops to be made into various classifications of texts. These text classifications are commonly subscribed to be language learning materials. As mentioned by Fauziati (2014) in her book Method of Teaching English as a Foreign Language: “Text type refers to prototypes defined according to their primary social purposes, and six main text types are identified as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 433, "width": 244, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1. Narratives: tell a story, usually to entertain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 447, "width": 273, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2. Recounts (personal, factual): tell what happened", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 461, "width": 274, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3. Information reports: provide factual information", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 475, "width": 281, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "4. Instructions: tell the listener or reader what to do", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 489, "width": 295, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "5. Explanations: explain how or why something happens", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 517, "width": 235, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "6. Expository: present or argue viewpoints”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 350, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "If viewed more widely about the framework of genre, there are two major orientations in that they consist of the structure of text and the linguistic features. The text structure refers to the organization of ideas which become the purposeful bases of what and how the text is communicated. In addition, the linguistics features are smaller but more detail units related to what ideas lay", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 350, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "in every sentence, and how each of sentences is organized based on the rule of meaningful conveyance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Learning Principle", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 350, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The learning principle which exists behind the emergence of Genre based Instruction is the thought popularly disseminated by Vygotsky (1978) concerning with his socio-psychological learning theories. This thought is famous because Vygotsky develops the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD). This is a conceptual thought that he popularized to argue the convention of standardized test as one commonly used to measure students’ intelligence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 350, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "As Vygotsky’s concept, he mentions that in order to measure students’ intelligence, why not see their capability to solve problems other than measuring their score from completing standardized text. ZPD is zone or condition between actual development and potential development. As defined by Fauziati (2014), actual development is what the learner can do independently, whereas potential development refers to what the learner can do in the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 350, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "ZPD is the most essential zone had by learners that can be utilized by the teacher to trigger their development in learning. Subsequently, considering more about the term learning itself, Vigotsky (1978), an American education psychologist, emphasizes that there are three phases where the act of learning should be gone through. They consist of object-regulated, others-regulated, and self-regulated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 350, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Object-regulated is the condition where learners do acts of learning with viewing, exploring, understanding, even researching natural manifestations around their environment. These manifestations can be such as daily routine, objects or things around then, current phenomena occurring in their environment, learning materials provided in the class as things that they commonly deal with, and other related things near their existence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 350, "height": 70, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "However, what is called by a learning process is not ended only until this phase, object-regulated phase, there should be continuously undertaken to the next phase called others-regulated phase. Here, the learning process is guided by other experienced or knowledgeable people that learners find in their environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 350, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "These people can be parents, teachers, brothers or sisters, friends, and other related people who can give contribution in the kind of guidance for helping learners know more about what they have observed in the previous phase, object-regulated one. Object- regulation will not work or it will not make sense if without the help of knowledgeable others as ones to guide them.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 350, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The last phase is self-regulation. It is the condition of learning where learners have understood what they observe in the object-regulated phase and what they could comprehend more after being guided by others on the second stage. Here, the learners have been able to independently develop their knowledge since the experiences they have got before can naturally maintain their capability to independently progress.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 350, "height": 155, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Further relevant concept of learning principle is also introduced by Bruner (1986) in that he talks about his theory of scaffolding. Scaffolding is lexically meant as the additional construction made by workers when they are making a building. Therefore, to sum up, the key is construction. Scaffolding is a power that the teacher inserts in learners’ ZPD (zone of proximal development). In the act of learning process, the role of teacher is very substantial. The teacher is one who can powerfully be the guide for students to let them do learning in object regulation phase, and give them aids in others-regulation stage so that learners can eventually develop naturally and independently.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pedagogical View of Genre Based Instruction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 350, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Further greeting to Vygotsky’s notion about learning principle is then realized into the practice of teaching under the design of curriculum. As we can see, like the emergence of genre based instruction, it is actually the continuous product constructed on the bases of Vygotsy’s notion. The concept and classroom conduction of GBI also has few variations, but those varieties do not yield into so much contrast due to that they basically derive from the same notion. The small variation can be viewed from the construct of Derewinka (1990) and Hammond (2001).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 350, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Derewinka (1990) suggests four phases of implementing GBI in the classroom when teaching writing in that they encompass: context exploration, text exploration, joint construction of a text, and individual application. Whereas, Hammond (2001) postulates", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 88", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 350, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "that there are three cycles of applying GBI which consist of modeling, joint negotiation, and independent construction. Somehow, as the Hammond’s notion, the phase of modeling actually ranges into both context and text exploration as mentioned by Derewinka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 350, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In addition the same concept is found in both joint construction and joint negotiation, and the exact similar idea is also encountered in either individual construction or independent construction. In this paper, let us discuss in a more detail about the implementation of GBI form the notion had by Derewinka (1990) as it is in line with Vygotsky’s ideas. The account for taking Derewinka’s idea is because it has been made multifaceted and easily deciphered.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 350, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "According to Derewinka (1990), there are four phases of teaching writing with utilizing GBI. They encompass:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 109, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Context exploration", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 350, "height": 141, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "This is the act of teaching where the teacher creates an interaction to students about the context of genre which is being learned. The teacher asks students some questions to trigger their reasoning ability to detect any essential elements of the context. The interaction made here really resembles one commonly stimulated in the pre-teaching of communicative language teaching (CTL). The interaction is progressed as naturally as possible to help students understand the function of the genre, when the genre which is being leant is used, other related factors or components of context as required in comprehending the genre.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 92, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Text Exploration", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 350, "height": 127, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this stage of applying BGI, the teacher let students learn all needed elements of text as relevant to the genre being leant. This activity implies the notion of Vygotsky about ZPD especially on the idea of object-regulation. Here, the text which is explored becomes the natural manifestation that students use to learn. The teacher also helps students with giving some required guides so that they can easily catch the points being learnt. Here, when the teacher incorporates into providing guidance implicitly portrays the act of others-regulation as postulated by Vygotsky.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 89", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 350, "height": 155, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The elements which are explored in the text cover both text organization and linguistics features relevant to the context of the learnt genre. In this phase, the interaction which is maintained is different from CLT at which CLT promotes the stimulus of a natural language usage in a real communication, but GBI develops interaction where students can cooperatively solve problems as to be able to produce functional text under social purposes. For the element of linguistic features, the classroom conduction commonly varies to make it creative. The activities can be like doing grammatical exercise, filling the provided gaps of a complete text, and other essentially relevant activities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 100, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Joint Construction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 350, "height": 141, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "This activity is focused on cooperative learning which engages all students under the help of teacher to create the text as the learnt genre. This phase really goes according to the Vygotsy’s notion about others’ regulation. The interaction plays a blended role overwhelming teacher to students, and students to students. Here, the learning activities may vary in which sometimes the teacher can guide students from in front of the class, or in some instance, the teacher can manage students to work in group to write the text, and followed by the teacher to go approaching each group to give them help.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Individual Application", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 350, "height": 155, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this stage, the teacher instructs students to individually write texts as the learnt genre. This activity really fits the notion about self-regulation as theorized by Vygotsky. In this activity, the learning activity can be made as creative as possible to enrich students’ interest and motivation to capably work in their independence. The teacher can ask them to interview some people near their residence and then write a recount text if the genre that is learnt is focused on recount text. Sometimes the teacher can ask students to observe some public places and then individually write the description of those places if the material that is learned is descriptive text.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 90", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 249, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Benefits of Applying Genre based Instruction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 349, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "As the fundamental nature of linguistics theories, (systemic functional linguistics), and learning theories, (constructivism), underlie genre based instruction, this nature powerfully strengthens the essence of genre based instruction as an effective teaching method for teaching writing. The essence offers some benefits of applying this method as those can be such as in the following points:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 226, "width": 334, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1. Genre as learning material leads into concrete learning goals", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 254, "width": 335, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In accordance with the state that genre refers to functional language use underlying the discourse of using language, this gives individuals opportunity to deal with particular communicative event. This also triggers the teachers to facilitate students with providing systemic and explicit explanation regarding the ways of writing for communication (Paltridge, 2001; Hyland, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 353, "width": 335, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In other words, genres provide both the teacher and the students with \"something to shoot for\" (Macken-Horarik, 2002). Genre itself as how it is defined leads students to write within the organized text structure. The nature of genre supports the clarity what is to be learned (Hyland 2003). It also derives students to write from the implicit and exploratory to a conscious manipulation of language and choice.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 451, "width": 334, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2. The nature of genre as the material provides options to achieve social and cultural goals", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 479, "width": 335, "height": 155, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "On the basis of systemic functional linguistics view, genre connects the language choice system to cultural purposes (Bhatia, 1993). The genre with its nature furnishes students with the concept that language features should be chosen purposefully under the consideration of social goals. Accordingly, it drives students to see how different texts are written distinctively based on their particular purposes. This nature leads students to know how such texts are organized as well as the patterns of lexis and grammar that are typically used to express meanings in the genre. The nature of genre guides students to have an understanding of how features of a situation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 334, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "may impact on the choices that they make in the production of a particular genre (Paltridge, 2001).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 113, "width": 332, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3. The basis of genre based instruction is authentic learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 127, "width": 321, "height": 85, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In the context of pedagogy, the sense of learning has got a shift. Learning is not a mere reception of knowledge where the students just listen to the teacher’s explanation, receive the information, and try to memorize the information but perhaps they will forget that information soon. It is an old fashion and not an authentic principle of learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 321, "height": 126, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Today, the nature of learning principle has changed into the concept in that what is called learning is when the students capably construct the knowledge so that they obtain the sense of meaningfulness and authenticity in learning. With constructing knowledge, students experience detail steps of comprehending the material, experiencing the learning procedures to come up with their own comprehension upon the materials, and finally verifying their own conclusive concept regarding the learnt materials.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 338, "width": 321, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Related to genre based instruction, this pedagogical approach that derives from the notion of learning offered by Vigotsky (1974), the constructivism concept, helps the teacher capably scaffold students with doing knowledge construction. With the help of teacher as a facilitator that leads students to experience learning by doing, the students will then be linked to the three phases, object regulation, other regulation, and self-regulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 451, "width": 321, "height": 112, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The clear sense of knowledge construction is undergone by students in learning; for instance, let us say, in learning writing, the students are going to deal with building knowledge and modeling stages, where they are going to deal with the cultural, purposive, and functional sense of the genre which is being dealt with. They will also cope with text structure and linguistics features in accordance with the cultural, purposive, and functional sense of the text.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 564, "width": 321, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Subsequently they are going to be exposed to joint construction stage, where the teacher will lead them to work together with their friends to work in detail on the concept and the process of writing genres. At last, students are going to be exposed to independent construction stage which", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 320, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "triggers them to work independently in writing their text with utilizing their previous experiences from committing building knowledge, modeling, and joint construction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 127, "width": 321, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The procedures of genre based instruction is authentic compared to the students’ needs in learning in which these procedures are in line with the authentic nature of learning principle where learning is actually the process of knowledge construction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 198, "width": 318, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "4. Genre based teaching promotes critical understanding", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 320, "height": 155, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Students who are learning through genre based instruction will be exposed, controlled and guided to have critical understanding of what is being written (Cope &Kalantzis, 1993). It is by virtue of the nature of genre as the material serves a clear concept that texts on the basis of their particular purposes have their particular structures and language features (Devitt, 1996). This nature sensitizes students to afford in comprehending the details about what to write and how to write under particular objectives (Faigley& Hansen, 1985). This affordance however is guided by the teacher through constructivism principle.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 366, "width": 321, "height": 197, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Another account lies within the pedagogical principle of genre based teaching, constructivism, which offers the learning procedures leading students to have critical details upon the process of knowledge construction. Vigotsky’s (1974) notion of three learning steps, object, other, and self- regulation, which are unique and potential to guide students to have critical understanding of what is being learned, is transferred into the procedures of genre based instruction. This concept can be seen from the value of object regulation that is inserted in the phases of building knowledge and modeling. The value of other regulation is encountered in modeling and joint construction phases. At last the value of self-regulation can be viewed in the phase of independent construction in genre based instruction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 302, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Practical View of Genre Based Instruction in Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 348, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "If viewed about the implementation of Genre based Instruction in Indonesia, this method has been applied since the application of curriculum 2004, competence based curriculum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 349, "height": 99, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Started from this curriculum up to the most current one, there could be found the conduction of genre based instructionin teaching English in Indonesian schools. Teaching English in Indonesia adapts the same idea of the above phases, but it is just slightly different in naming the phase. In Indonesia, the map of genre based instruction adapts totally the idea of Hammond (1992).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 349, "height": 112, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "However, the activity and the concept of every phase is the same as one suggested by Derewinka (1990). In Indonesia, it is known to be four phases of teaching English with utilizing genre based instruction in that they range into building knowledge, modeling, joint construction, and independent construction. Especially for the term building knowledge and modeling, they are exactly the same as context exploration and text exploration as previously discussed above.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 349, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "For more details regarding the four phases of implementing genre based instruction as can been seen in Indonesian schools especially for teaching English, those phases possess subcategories as the following bullets:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Building knowledge of field", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 377, "width": 157, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Learning cultural context", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 391, "width": 320, "height": 99, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In the implementation, here, the teacher guides students to come up with their schemata about the cultural context of text which is being written. For instance in teaching anecdote text, the teacher can initiates with asking students some leading questions about their insights for the purpose of anecdote text, when probably this kind of text is written, and who are probably the readers of such this text product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 490, "width": 209, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Sharing genre-related-experiences", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 504, "width": 321, "height": 112, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this activity, the teacher can utilize some sharing session activities with demanding students to share their experience related to the genre which is being written. For instance, in teaching anecdote text, the teacher can instruct students to work in pair to share their funny and unusual experiences. Then some students can be called to perform their experiences under the guidance of the teacher for building context or knowledge about anecdote.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Modeling of text", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 99, "width": 157, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Learning cultural context", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 320, "height": 155, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "This phase has the same context to the previous sub- step in building knowledge, but the purpose is different because in this step the knowledge which has been built from students’ schemata is continuously guided to be constructed in details. Here the teacher, after handing out students with text example, let us say, anecdote text, will invite students to pay attention to his explanation about exploring the cultural context of the anecdote. The teacher analogizes some more extensive purposes and use to emphasize the nature which implies the cultural sense of anecdote text. The teacher also provides and exemplifies sufficient varieties of anecdote text.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 185, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Learning about social function", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 282, "width": 321, "height": 85, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this phase, the teacher also explains and exemplifies students when written genre meets the social function. For example, when teaching anecdote text, here the teacher differentiates to students the function of anecdote writing whether to tell a joke, to express something strange, or just to tell something funny for entertainment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 366, "width": 213, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "c. Understanding schematic structure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 381, "width": 321, "height": 112, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "This sub-step is exposed to students with introducing, elaborating, and exemplifying the structure of text. For instance, in teaching anecdote text, the teacher hands students out some text examples, and he then explains in details every criterion of ideas which should be organized into anecdote text. This idea organization is called text structure in that in anecdote text they range into abstract, orientation, crisis, reaction, and coda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 493, "width": 214, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "d. Comprehending linguistics features", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 507, "width": 321, "height": 113, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The practice of this sub-step can be undertaken by that the teacher gives students a text, for example, anecdote text. Then the students are guided to identify and comprehend the vocabularies used in anecdote text, and why the writer of that text selectively uses those vocabularies in his diction. The teacher leads students to understand the discourse of word choice. This is an effective way to provide students with proper input of contextual vocabulary use so that later on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 320, "height": 28, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "they are able to work on the same way of choosing and using contextual vocabularies while writing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 321, "height": 113, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Continuously, the teacher guides students to comprehend the grammar within sentences written in a particular genre. For instance, in teaching anecdote text, the teacher introduces students to the pattern, sense, and function of past tense in expressing anecdote ideas. The teacher then continues this sub-step with providing enough exercises about past tense to students but the exercises are organized contextually on the bases of anecdote discourse.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Joint construction of text", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 254, "width": 180, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Learning schematic structure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 321, "height": 197, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this sub-step the teacher guides students to practice together in group to have a discussion regarding the text structure, and to work together to write a text. For instance, in teaching anecdote text, the teacher asks students in group to think of one topic about an unusual event. Afterwards, students are demanded to have a discussion with their peers to brainstorm some ideas which should be included in the abstract, orientation, crisis, reaction, and coda. Continuous work is sustained by that students are demanded to construct the previously brainstormed ideas together in writing an anecdote text. Students do this work relying on the knowledge they acquire from modeling phase. The teacher controls, guides, and helps students while they are working in group.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 465, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Learning linguistics features", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 479, "width": 321, "height": 141, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this sub-step, the teacher guides students to work in group to have a discussion, learn together, and do exercises related to language features or grammar used in the text being learned. For instance, in teaching anecdote text, here students discuss together the features of past tense, related vocabularies for appropriate diction needed in expressing anecdote, the use of particular phrases like noun phrases, verb phrases, and etc. The learning process is undertaken through discussion and empowered by the teacher’s guidance on the basis of knowledge or information which has been got", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 320, "height": 28, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "in modeling phase. At last, the teacher gives students sufficient grammar exercises.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 192, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "c. Learning knowledge of the field", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 127, "width": 321, "height": 211, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this phase, once students have known text organization and the language features of text, the teacher gives students reasoning exercise to write a genre from the chosen topic provided by the teacher. This exercise is potential to trigger students to be sensitive toward particular knowledge of the learnt text. For instance, in teaching anecdote text, the teacher challenges students in their group to write an anecdote text functioned to tell a joke. In this sense the students in their group will learn some knowledge about when to express written jokes, what consideration must be done to achieve the readers’ interest about the offered joke in the text, how to use diction and discourse fitting the culture of written joke. The teacher will keep helping students anytime they are getting difficulties with their work.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 201, "height": 28, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Independent construction of text Learning schematic structure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 377, "width": 321, "height": 225, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "After students have enough learning experience in joint construction, then the teacher lets students write their own text independently. For instance in teaching anecdote text, here the teacher demands students to explore all their knowledge obtained from modeling and all their experiences got from joint construction to write an anecdote text with considering and involving entirely its criteria ranging into text organization, language features, social function or discourse, and etc. The teacher can explore the tasks that will be carried out by students as creative as possible to trigger students’ motivation to write an anecdote text independently, one of examples of the creative task is such as that the teacher demands students to interview one of their familymembers about the unusual event that he or she has ever experienced. Continuously, from interview data, students can write their anecdote text properly.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 349, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The shift of Genre Based Instruction to the Current Indonesian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Curriculum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 349, "height": 169, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "The term genre based instruction is popular to be used as the teaching method applied in 2004 Curriculum in Indonesia. As the change of the curriculum, the term genre based instruction has been changed to several names up to nowadays curriculum. However, despite the terminological change, the nature of teaching principle is still the same in that the pedagogical principle applies the notion of constructivism by Vigotsky (1978), and the language theory applies systemic functional linguistics by Halliday (1989), and Rhetorical structure by Mann and Thomson (1990). The primary learning materials for learning writing is still the exploration of genre. Genre is still applied as the widest language function either for listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 349, "height": 113, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Concerning with the terminological change, the term genre based instruction shifts to inquiry based learning as popularly utilized in the curriculum 2006 (KTSP), and currently it has terminologically changed into scientific approach as found in the curriculum of 2013. However the terminological change has been going, the essence, nature, and principle of teaching and learning is still fundamentally on the basis of genre based instruction (Fauziati 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 349, "height": 113, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Genre Based Instruction, as a popular teaching method utilized to teach writing, and as the method which teaches students writing based on comprehending and doing genre, is developed according to several foundations in the form of previous theories. As it is fundamentally defined in which GBI is a teaching method that emerges from the result of doing genre analysis, GBI linguistically is empowered by the theory about Rhetorical Structure and Systemic Functional Linguistics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 349, "height": 70, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Furthermore, as grounded into its application in pedagogical view, GBI derives from the basis of Vygotsky’s notion and Brunner’s thoughts concerning with the theory of scaffolding. From those foundations, there can eventually be devised the concept of Genre based instruction as some experts construct like", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 348, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "ones named Derewinka (1990), Hammond (1992), and other experts who contribute their ideas with the same concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 349, "height": 113, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "As how it is applied in the classroom, GBI is constructed into four phases which encompass context exploration or commonly known in Indonesia with the term building knowledge, text exploration or as generally stated in Indonesia into modeling, joint construction, and the last independent construction where students write text independently.In Indonesia, the terminology of genre based instruction has shifted along with the change of curriculum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 349, "height": 98, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "It changes into inquiry based learning in 2006 curriculum (KTSP), and it becomes scientific approach in 2013 curriculum. Fundamentally, despite the change of terminology, the nature and principle of teaching and learning is still on the basis of genre based instruction with exploring genre as the learning materials. Genre is placed as the widest area of communication through either spoken or written communication.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 353, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 349, "height": 268, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ruly Morganna is an alumnus of STAIN Curup under English Education Major for his undergraduate degree. He has experienced five-year teaching in STAIN Curup under the management of English Education Department and Language Laboratory. Currently, he is taking his graduate degree in Graduate School of English Education Department, SebelasMaret University, Surakarta. He has published some scientific articles in applied linguistics field such as “ The Effectiveness of Inductive Teaching towards Students’ Grammatical Ability , An International Conference of 2 nd ICTTE Proceeding 2016”, and “ Conducting Interlanguage Analysis to Prepare More Qualified Further English Instructions , An International Conference of 3 rd ICTTE Proceeding 2017”. Furthermore, currently, he is working on the publication process of some articles entitled: “ Students’ Motivation in Online TOEFL Learning , Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Pertanika 2017”, “ Interlanguage Analysis as a Formative Assessment , Journal of Language Teaching and Research 2017”, and “ Enriching Meaning Making through Multimodal Resources , Journal of Language Teaching and Research 2017”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 394, "top": 667, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 123, "width": 349, "height": 127, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bhatia, V. K. (1993). Analyzing Genre: Language Use in Professional Setting . London: Longman Brown, H. Douglas. (1994), Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy . New Jersey: Prentice Hall Bruner, J. (1983). Child’s Talk: Learning to Use Language . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Byram, M. (2004), Genre and Genre Based Teaching. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning , (pp 234- 237). London. Routledge.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 250, "width": 348, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Cope, B. &Kalantzis, M. (Eds). 1993. Powers of literacy: a genre approach to teaching writing . London: Falmer Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 348, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Devitt, A.J. 1996. Genre, genres and the teaching of genre . CCC 47(4):605-615.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 348, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Faigley, L. & Hansen, K. 1985.Learning to write in the social sciences. CollegeComposition and Communication 36(2):140-", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 334, "width": 348, "height": 42, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "149. Fauziati, E. (2014). Methods of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Era PustakaUtama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 349, "height": 140, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Halliday, M.A.K., and R. Hasan 1985. Language Context and Text; Aspects of Language in a Social – Semiotic Perspective . Victoria: Deaking University Press. Hammond et al. (1992). English for Special Purposes : A Handbook for Teachers of Adult Hendry, A., & Roseberry, R. L. (1998). An Evaluation of Genre Based Approach to the Teaching of EAP/ESP Writing . TESOL Quarterly, 32/1: 147-156 Hyland, K. 2003. Second language writing . New York: Cambridge University Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 349, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hyland, K. 2004. Genre and second language writing : Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 348, "height": 43, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Macken-Horarik M. 2002. 'Something to shoot for': a systemic functional approach to teaching genre in secondary school science. In: Johns, A.M. (Ed.). 2002. Genre inthe classroom.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 348, "height": 42, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Multiple perspectives. London: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 43-72. Paltridge, B. 2001. Genre and the language learning classroom . Ann Arbor: Universityof Michigan Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "English Franca Vol 1 No 01 Tahun 2017, STAIN Curup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 388, "top": 667, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Page 100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "P-ISSN 2580-3670, E-ISSN 2580-3689", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 348, "height": 70, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Swales, J. M. (1990). Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings, Cambridge , UK: Cambridge University Press. Vygotsky.L. (1978). Mind in Society . Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 217, "top": 88, "width": 296, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Edisi Spesial, Desember 2021 pISSN: 25284037 eISSN: 26158396 http://ojs.uhnsugriwa.ac.id/index.php/PW", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 169, "width": 420, "height": 73, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG PERMULAAN MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA STICK ANGKA PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TK KIDS FANTASI CAMP PENARUNGAN BADUNG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 196, "top": 248, "width": 208, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "TAHUN AJARAN 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 286, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 298, "width": 361, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani 1 , Ni Made Sukerni 2 , Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari 3 1,2,3 Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 356, "width": 429, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima 8 September 2021, direvisi 30 September 2021, diterbitkan 31 Desember 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 383, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 428, "height": 356, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Early childhood education is the first and foremost education so learning must also be considered because the most rapid development stage is at an early age. Every child is born with the potential of each. Children are small humans who have potential that must be developed. Children have certain characteristics that are unique and not the same as adults, they are always active, dynamic, enthusiastic and curious about what they see, hear, feel, they seem to never stop exploring in learning. An educator should as much as possible try to develop the quality of learning given to students for whom they are responsible. One thing that must be developed at an early age is children's cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities in early childhood are related to children's numeracy skills. In general, an early age child already has beginner numeracy skills, but in some schools sometimes counting becomes an unpleasant learning for children, so many children feel resentful of learning mathematics. Teaching children the concept of numbers from an early age is something that must be done to develop children's cognitive aspects. Stimulating numeracy skills requires media that can distract children, here researchers use numeric sticks to improve children's numeracy skills. Stick numbers are a form of game-based learning media to convey learning material in early childhood. It is hoped that the use of number stick games will be easier to help children understand the concept of counting so that they are more motivated in learning to count beginning. The problems discussed included (1) How were the student learning activities at TK Kids Fantasi Camp group B in Penarungan Badung in the academic year 2020/2021 in the application of number sticks? (2) How do the students' numeracy skills increase at TK Kids Fantasi Camp group B in Penarungan Badung in the academic year 2020/2021 in the application of number sticks? (3) What is the response of students in TK Kids Fantasi Camp Group B in Penarungan Badung Academic Year 2019/202 with the application of number sticks? This study aims to determine the development of children's beginner's numeracy skills", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 133", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "through the use of number sticks as media. The results showed that the use of image media was proven to improve the numeracy skills of group B beginners in TK Kids Fantasi Camp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 382, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Media Stick Figures, Beginner's Counting Ability, Early Childhood", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan usaha sadar dan sistematis yang dilakukan untuk mencapai suatu kemajuan atau mencapai taraf hidup yang lebih baik. Pendidikan harus dimulai sedini mungkin. Bahkan mulai dari anak masih dalam kandungan harus sudah mendapatkan pendidikan. Setelah anak lahir keluarga berkewajiban untuk mendidik dan mengasuh anak dengan baik karena keluarga merupakan lembaga yang pertama bagi anak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan. Undang–Undang RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional menegaskan bahwa perlunya penanganan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di tanah air Indonesia. Undang-undang tersebut menyatakan bahwa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 373, "width": 431, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anak adalah manusia kecil yang memiliki potensi yang harus dikembangkan. Anak memiliki karakteristik tertentu yang khas dan tidak sama dengan orang dewasa, mereka selalu aktif dinamis, antusias dan ingin tahu terhadap apa yang dilihat, didengar, dirasakan, mereka seolah-olah tak pernah berhenti bereksplorasi dalam belajar, anak bersikap egosentris, memiliki rasa ingin tahu secara alamiah, merupakan makhluk sosial, unik, kaya dengan pantasi, memiliki daya perhatian yang pendek, dan masa yang paling potensial untuk belajar (Sujiono,2009:6).Usia dini berada dalam masa keemasan di sepanjang rentang usia perkembangan manusia. Menurut Sujiono, (2009:202) adalah usia yang efektif untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh anak,karena pada masa ini adalah masa golden age yaitu masa peka anak untuk menerima rangsangan atau stimulasi dari lingkungan sekitaranak,baik yang berkaitan dengan aspek moral agama,sosial emosional,bahasa,kognitif,dan motorik.Potensi-potensi tersebut di stimulus dan dikembangkan agar anak dapat berkembang secara optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 552, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masa usia dini merupakan the golden age (masa emas) yang hanya datang sekali dan tiada dapat diulang lagi. Dengan semakin banyaknya dukungan hasil penelitian yang membuktikan bahwa perkembangan yang terjadi di masa awal cenderung permanen dan mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku anak sepanjang hidupnya, maka semakin memperkuat argumentasi mengapa pendidikan dini menjadi sangat diperlukan. Pendidikan untuk usia dini merupakan pendidikan yang sangat penting dan berbeda dari usia diatasnya sehingga diperlukan stimulasi yang tepat karena akan berpengaruh pada usia selanjutnya setelah anak dewasa nanti atau setelah ank dewasa. Upaya pengembangan pada anak usia dini dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan stimulasi yang tepat baik untuk aspek ; (1). nilai dan moral, (2). Fisik dan motoric,(3). Kognitif, (4). Sosial emosional, (5). Bahasa, (6). Seni.. Permainan berhitung di TK tidak hanya terkait dengan kemampuan kognitif saja, tetapi juga kesiapan mental sosial dan emosional, karena itu dalam pelaksanaannya harus dilakukan secara menarik, bervariasi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 134", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyenangkan (Winarsieh dan Khotimah, 2014:2). Selain itu perkembangan kognitif anak TK (5-6 th) perkembangan pada tahap praoprasional kognitif yang artinya anak belum bisa berpikir secara abstrak. Dengan semakian ditemukan media yang tepat sesuai dengan karakter anak AUD untuk mengetahui terjadinya verbalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 428, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stick angka adalah suatu bentuk media pembelajaran berbasis permainan untuk menyampaikan suatu materi pembelajaran pada anak usia dini. Penggunaan permainan stick angka diharapkan lebih mudah untuk membantu anak memahami konsep berhitung agar lebih termotivasi dalam belajar berhitung permulaan. Media permainan stick angka yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian adalah permainan yang terbuat dari tongkat, batang, atau potongan kayu. Sedangkan angka merupakan suatu symbol untuk hitungan dengan symbol pokok yaitu 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, dan 9. (Wulan dkk., 2017:7). Media stick angka yaitu salah satu upaya untuk mengembangkan kemampuan pemahaman angka pada anak. Media stick angka dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan permainan, menyebutkan urutan bilangan dan mengenal lambang bilangan, menghubungkan angka dengan tulisannya. Salah satu upaya yang harus di lakukan guru adalah dengan menggunakan media (alat peraga) yang lebih kreatif dan inovatif. Pemanfaatan media yang lebih kreatif diharapkan dapat menarik perhatian anak didik, sehingga anak lebih termotivasi dan bersemangat dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran (Putri, 2014:70).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 428, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan masalah yang akan menjadi focus dari penelitian yaitu :Bagaimana aktivitas belajar siswa di TK Kids Fantasi Camp kelompok B di Penarungan badung tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dalam penerapan media stick angka? Bagaimanakah peningkatan kemampuan berhitung siswa di TK Kids Fantasi Camp kelompok B di Penarungan Badung tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dalam penerapan media stick angka? Bagaimanakah respon siswa di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Kelompok B di Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2019/202 dengan penerapan media stick angka? Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh data empiris mengenai penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Siswa di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 serta untuk mendeskripsikan hasil dari penggunaan media stick angka ini dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung pemula anak usia dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 524, "width": 428, "height": 205, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kajian pustaka dari penelitian ini yaitu Winarsieh dan Khotimah (2014:10) dalam hasil penelitiannya yang berjudul “Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung 1-10 Dengan Bermain Kereta Angka Melalui Model Pembelajaran Area Pada Kelompok B TK Riverside di Surabaya”, menunjukan bahwa penerapan kegiatan berhitung 1-10 dengan bermain kereta angka melalui model pembelajaran area pada kelompok B TK Riverside di Surabaya mengalami peningkatan. Sulistiyawati (2013:12) dalam hasil penelitiannya yang berjudul “Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Permainan Tabung Angka Di Kelompok Bermain Miftahul Jannah, Ngaliyan, Semarang” dalam penelitiannya memperoleh hasil bahwa permainan tabung angka berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung permulaan anak di Kelompok Bermain Miftahul Jannah Ngaliyan, Semarang karena permainan merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif dalam pembelajaran untuk menyampaikan pengetahuan kepada anak usia dini. Wahyuni dkk (2016:7) dengan judul penelitian “Penerapan Metode Bermain Berbantuan Media Stick Angka Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Kognitif”, dalam penelitiannya memperoleh hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan perkembangan kognitif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 135", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam kemampuan pengenalan lambang bilangan setelah diterapkan metode bermain berbantuan media stick angka pada siswa di TK Satu Atap Desa Kenderan Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 428, "height": 343, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) adalah penelitian praktis yang dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan, Desa Mengewi Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali. Dalam penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini dirancang dengan dua siklus yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu : 1) Tahap Perencanaan, 2) Tahap Pelaksanaan, 3) Tahap Pengamatan/obsevasi dan 4) Tahap Repleksi. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan berhitung permulaan dan media stick angka. Kemampuan berhitung permulaan merupakan variabel terikat dan media stick angka sebagai variabel bebas. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrument mengenai kemampuan berhitung permulaan. Jenis instrumen yang digunakan sebagai alat pengambil data dalam penelitian tindakan ini adalah instrumen yang mengacu pada kemampuan berhitung permulaan. Untuk melihat kemampuan berhitung permulaan dilakukan observasi dengan menggunakan instrumen berbentuk lembar penilaian. Instrumen dikembangkan dalam bentuk ceklis dengan pola jawaban berskala Likert yang dimodifikasi. Rentang skor yang digunakan dari satu sampai empat. Selain itu, Instrumen penunjang pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah catatan lapangan dan catatan wawancara. Pedoman yang digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian yaitu aspek I Membilang menyebutkan urutan bilangan dari 1-10, aspek II membilang dengan menunjukan mengenal konsep bilangan 1-10, aspek III, menunjukan urutan benda untuk bilangan 1- 10, aspek IV menghubungkan urutan benda untuk bilangan 1-10, aspek V memahami konsep berhitung. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis data penelitian kualitatif dapat dilakukan melalui langkah-langkah sebagai berikut : 1) reduksi data; 2) display data/penyajian data; 3) pengambilan kesimpulan/verifikasi data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 511, "width": 431, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria keberhasilan tindakan didasarkan pada hasil kesepakatan kolaborator dengan melihat perkembangan kemampuan berhitung permulaan masing-masing anak. Masing-masing kemampuan anak dianalisis dan dinilai tingkat kemampuannya. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah ditandai dengan meningkatnya kemampuan berhitung pemula pada anak, peneliti menentukan indikator keberhasilan yaitu dengan persentase rata-rata minimal 80% dari jumlah siswa keseluruhan yaitu 25 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 621, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan nilai tes hasil belajar dan respon yang berhasil diperoleh dari siswa TK Kids Fantasi Camp tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dengan penerapan metode penugasan dan pemecahan masalah dalam kelompok kecil pada siklus I dan Siklus II akan diuraikan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Observasi Awal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 136", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran di TK Kids Fantasi Camps secara keseluruhan sesuai dengan pengamatan peneliti berjalan dengan baik. Dari hasil pencatatan anak-anak disini belum mengenal konsep bilangan, banyak anak yang belum mengenal angka 1-10, ada anak yang belum bias berhitung samai 10. Berdasarkan hasil persentase observasi awal bahwa dari 25 siswa kelompok B TK Kids Fantasi Camps pada tahun ajaran 2020/2021, sebanyak 18 siswa atau 72% siswa yang belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal dan 7 siswa atau 28% siswa yang sudah mencapai nilai rata–rata kriteria ketuntasan minimal, pada observasi awal ini masih sangat jauh dari kritriteria indikator keberhasilan sedangkan nilai rata–rata kriteria indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan adalah 80% dari seluruh jumlah siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian Siklus I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 428, "height": 329, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan tindakan dalam Siklus I akan dilakukan secara bertahap yang dimulai dari tahap perencanaan. Tahap perencanaan pada Siklus I dimulai dengan mempersipakan program-program pembelajaran, yang meliputi: Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Mingguan (RPPM), Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian (RPPH), media pembelajaran (stick angka), persiapan kelas yang baik dan sesuai dengan protocol kesehatan dan skenario pembelajaran. Pelaksanaan tindakan pada Siklus I dimulai pada bulan November minggu ke kedua, yaitu pada hari senin (9 November 2020), Rabu (11 November 2020), Jumat (13 November 2020). Berdasarkan hasil observasi, analisis terhadap kemampuan mengenal tanaman pada Observasi awal menunjukan kriteria ketutasan yaitu 28% (7 siswa). Dalam kegiatan ini masih banyak anak yang belum memiliki kemampuan berhitung yang baik, seperti ada anak yang masih lupa dengan hitungan ataupun anak yang belum mengenal angka dan jumlahnya. Pada pelaksanaan tindakan Siklus I dengan indicator Anak membilang/ mengucapkan bilangan 1-10 , pendamping menstimulasi kemampuan anak berhitung dengan cara mengajak anak berhitung bersama-sama dengan menunjukkan angka yang dimaksudkan. Pada tahap Siklus I dengan indikator anak menghitung 1-10 dan mencocokkan benda dengan bilangan, pendamping dan peneliti sudah menyiapkan media stick angka dan stick es cream warna warni untuk dihitung dan dicocokkan dengan angka yang ada pada stick angka tersebut. Pada tahap Siklus I dengan indicator anak membuat urutan bilangan 1- 10 dengan stick angka sesuai dengan nilai tempat, pendamping maupun peneliti memberikan peserta didik alat peraga edukatif dan peserta didik melakukan pengamatan, peserta didik kemudian melakukan tahapan mencoba, yaitu menghitung dan memasukkan stick es cream sesuai dengan angka yang ada di alat peraga edukatif yang disediakan oleh peneliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil observasi Siklus I kemampuan berhitung pemula pada anak kelompok B di TK Kids Fantasi Camp yaitu belum mencapai kriteria ketutasan minimal sebanyak 12 siswa atau 48%. Sedangkan 13 siswa atau 52% siswa yang sudah mencapai nilai rata – rata ketuntasan. Dengan demikian ditinjau dari sudut ketuntasan belajar telah mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 24%, dari 28% hasil observasi awal menjadi 52% pada hasil kegiatan pembelajaran Siklus I. Namun pada observasi Siklus I belum juga mencapai indikator keberhasilan yakni persentase minimal 80% dari seluruh jumlah siswa. Hasil pemantauan dalam pelaksanaan tindakan pada Siklus I ini, menunjukan bahwa secara umum peningkatan kemampuan berhitung pemula anak kelompok B TK Kids Fantasi Caps mencapai ketuntasan sebesar 52%. Dari 25 anak di peroleh hasil 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 191, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "anak memperoleh kriteria cukup dan 13 anak memperoleh kriteria baik dan memenuhi ketuntasan. Jika dibandingkan dengan observasi awal yang hanya mencapai ketuntasan belajar 28%. Hasil pada siklus I ini sudah mengalami perubahan dan peningkatan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan Siklus I pelaksanaan kegiatan sudah baik, media stick angka ini sangat digemari oleh anak karena memiliki warna-warna yang menarik, anak juga dapat belajar berhitung dari awal sampai akhir atau dari 1-10 dengan stick angka, gambar yang ada membuat anak mudah untuk mencocokkan stick dengan angka yang dimaksudkan. Namun kegiatan pelaksanaan kemampuan berhitung dengan stick angka pada Siklus I perlu di ulang karena kriteria indikator keberhasilan belum tercapai. Maka peneliti dan obsever melakukan perecanaan ulang dengan melnjutkan penelitian ini ke Siklus II. Aktivitas-aktivitas yang perlu diperbaiki pada Siklus I akan dilaksanakan pada Siklus II diantaranya pembuatan skenario pembelajaran yang lebih alamiah sehingga kemampuan berhitung pemula yang diharapkan dapat muncul sesuai indikator keberhasilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian Siklus II", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 428, "height": 315, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan tindakan pada Siklus II ini tidak jauh berbeda pada pelaksanaan tindakan Siklus I, yaitu dimulai dari tahap perencanaan. Tahap perencanaan pada Siklus II dimulai dengan mempersipakan program -program pembelajaran, yang meliputi: Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Mingguan (RPPM), Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian (RPPH), skenario pembelajaran, instrumen penilaian kemampuan berhitung pemula. Siklus II dilaksanakan dalam 3 kali pertemuan dengan memberikan lebih banyak tingkat kesulitan yang berbeda pada skenario pembelajaran dengan tujuan mencapai indikator yang diharapkan. Pelaksanaan tindakan pada Siklus II dimulai pada tanggal 23, 55, dan 27 November 2020. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, analisis terhadap kemampuan berhitung pemula pada Siklus I menunjukan kriteria ketutasan yaitu 52% (13anak) dengan katagori baik. Pada tahap Siklus II dengan indikator anak membilang 1 sampai dengan 10 dengan cara mengurutkan lambang bilangan menggunakan stick angka, pendamping maupun peneliti memberikan peserta didik contoh cara mengurutkan lambang bilangan dengan stick angka dan peserta didik melakukan pengamatan, peserta didik kemudian melakukan tahapan mencoba, yaitu mengurutkan dan menghitung stick angka sesuai dengan bilangannya. Pada tahap Siklus II dengan indikator anak menuliskan lambang bilangan sampai 10 menggunakan stick angka, pendamping maupun peneliti memberikan peserta didik beberapa contoh menulis angka 1-10 dan peserta didik melakukan pengamatan, peserta didik kemudian melakukan tahapan mencoba, yaitu menulis angka 1-10 dan membuat jumlah benda sesuai dengan angka tersebut. Pada tahap Siklus II dengan indikator anak mencocokan stick angka sesuai dengan kuantitas lambang bilangan yang dibuat. Pada tahap ini sudah terlihat keaktifan anak bahkan ada anak yang bias mengajari temannya untuk berhitung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil yang diperoleh pada Siklus II tergambar peningkatan ketuntasan belajar sebanyak 21 atau 84% siswa telah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Pada observasi Siklus II penelitian ini telah mencapai kriteria indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan yakni 80% dari seluruh jumlah siswa. Dengan demikian ditinjau dari sudut ketutasan belajar telah mengalami peningkatan sebesar 32% dari 53% pada Siklus I menjadi 84% pada Siklus II. Hasil pemantauan pada Siklus II menunjukan bahwa kemampuan berhitung pemula pada anak Kelompok B TK Kids Fantasi Camps telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan stick angka dapat dikatakan mampu meningkatakan kemampuan berhitung 1-10 dan dapat memberikan pemahaman dalam mengenal angka, dan mencocokan angka dengan jumlah stik angka serrta anak dapat memahami konsep bilangan sederhana. Penilaian kemampuan berhitung pemula hanya menyisakan 4 anak yang berada pada kriteria belum tuntas. Hasil analisis diketahuai bahwa kriteria ketuntasan anak pada Siklus II telah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan 80% dari seluruh jumlah peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persentase ketuntasan kemampuan berhitung pemula pada siswa mencapai 84% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Peningkatan rata-rata kemampuan mengenal tanaman pada Siklus II meningkat sebanyak 32% dari 54% pada Siklus I menjadi 84% pada Siklus II. Maka dapat ditetapkan pula bahwa tujuan penelitian telah tercapai dan penelitian ini dapat terselesaikan pada akhir Siklus II. Dari hasil penelitian Siklus I dan Siklus II menunjukan bahwa penggunaan stik angka dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada anak dalam membilang menyebutkan urutan bilangan dari 1-10, membilang dengan menunjukan mengenal konsep bilangan 1-10, menunjukan urutan benda untuk bilangan 1-10, menghubungkan urutan benda untuk bilangan 1-10, dan memahami konsep berhitung .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 428, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menunjuukkan bahwa melalui media stick angka dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung pada anak kelompok B di TK Kids Fantasi Camps peningkatannya dari pra tindakan didapatkan hanya 28% anak yang sudah memenuhi kreteria ketuntasan, pada siklus II sudah mengalami peningkatan yaitu 52% anak yang sudah memenuhi kreteria ketuntasan dan pada siklus tiga meningkat lagi menjadi 84% anak yang sudah memenuhi kreteria ketuntasan. Maka didapatkan bahwa media stick angka ini sangat berpengaruh pada kemampuan berhitung anak di TK Kids Fantasi Camps hal ini juga ditunjukkan dengan bagusnya respon anaak terhadap permainan atau alat peraga stick angka ini, dan juga membuat anak antusias untuk belajar berhitung menggunakan stick angka. Pada saat pengamatan anak juga terlihat sangat senang berhitung sampai anak menghitung benda yanda yang ada disekitarnya. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori berhitung pemula yaitu masa peka berhitung. Pada usia dini atau ank kelompok B pada usianya sangat suka berhitung hal tersebut menyebabkan memberikan stimulasi yang tepat akan membuat anak cepat merespon atau cepat memahami hal yang disampaikan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dunia anak adalah dunia bermain. Bermain bagi anak-anak merupakan kegiatan yang sangat menyenangkan yang dapat membantu anak mencapai perkembangan fisik, intelektual, emosi dan sosial. Melalui stick angka anak diajak untuk bermain dengan menyenangkan dan bermain sambil belajar. Dari media stick angka tersebut terbukti membuat peningkatan kemampuan berhitung anak dibandingkan dengan anak hanya melihat papan tulis saja. Melalui stick angka anak dapat menyalurkan masa kanak- kanaknya yaitu bermain dan secara tidak sadar anak juga belajar. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori berhitung pemula yaitu bermain membantu anak untuk tumbuh sehat dan cerdas. Permainan dalam teori iniyaitu media stick angka yang digunakan oleh anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan stick angka ini juga perbengaruh pada kemampuan kognitif anak, melalui penelitian tindakan kelas ini membuat anak mampu mengenal bilangan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 737, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRATAMA WIDYA: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Edisi Spesial Desember 2021 | 139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 40, "width": 423, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Penggunaan Media Stick Angka Pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Kids Fantasi Camp Penarungan Badung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 62, "width": 240, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Made Setiani, Ni Made Sukerni, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "angka 1-10, anak mampu mengenal konsep lebih dari dan kurang dari anak juga sudah bias berhitung 1-10 dan anak juga memiliki perkembangan kognitif yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Melalui penggunaan stick angka ini guru dapat menstimulasi perkembangan kognitif anak melebihi sebelumnya, sehingga mendapatkan hasil kemampuan anak yang semakin meningkat dari sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan atau sesuai dengan teori dari Jeans Piaget yang mengemukakan bahwa anak usia dini berada pada tahapan pra-operasional kongkrit yaitu tahap persiapan kearah pengorganisasian pekerjaan yang kongkrit dan berpikir intuitif dimana anak mampu mempertimbangkan tentang besar, bentuk dan benda-benda didasarkan pada interpretasi dan pengalamannya (persepsinya sendiri).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 429, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ambarini, Novalta Dwi. 2016. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Media Celemek Hitung (Penelitian Tindakan pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK Sekar Sari Pulomerak Cilegon Banten). Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Vol. 3, No. 2, Hal: 127-134", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Depdiknas. 2007. Pedoman Pembelajaran Berhitung Permulaan di TK . Jakarta: Depdiknas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ma'rifah, S.Pd. (2014). Upaya Meningkatkan Berhitung Permulaan Menggunakan Permainan Stick Angka Di Kelompok A TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan Meduran Manyar Gresik. Pengembangan Profesional Keguruan . Gresik: Tidak Diterbitkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 400, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwanti, Vitri. 2013. Peningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Melalui Permainan Balok Angka Pada Siswa Di TK Universal Ananda Kecamatan Patebon Kendal . Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Semarang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putri, Indriati Laksmi. 2014. Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Menggunakan Strategi Bermain Stick Angka di PAUD . Jurnal Ilmiah PG-PAUD IKIP Veteran Semarang. Vol. 2, No. 2, Hal: 68-79", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 483, "width": 427, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 511, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sulistiyawati. 2013. Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Melalui Permainan Tabung Angka Di Kelompok Bermain Miftahul Jannah, Ngaliyan, Semarang . Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Hal: 1-18", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 552, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahyuni, Diah Galih.dkk . 2016. Penerapan Metode Bermain Berbantuan Media Stick Angka Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Kognitif. e-Journal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Vol 4. No. 2 Hal: 1-11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wardhani, IGAK dkk. (2000). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Winarsieh, Wien., dan Nurul Khotimah. 2014. Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung 1- 10 Dengan Bermain Kereta Angka Melalui Model Pembelajaran Area Pada Kelompok B TK Riverside Di Surabaya . Jurnal Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Hal: 1-9", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wulan, Gytta Ayu Nur ddk. 2017. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Anak Usia Dini Melalui Media Permainan Stick Angka . Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Vol. 8, No. 1.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 278, "top": 36, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "SJP 4(1) (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 63, "width": 217, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 236, "top": 97, "width": 141, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "https://jffk.unram.ac.id/index.php/sjp", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 702, "width": 200, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "___________ Email: [email protected] (*Corresponding Author)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 434, "top": 732, "width": 118, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Copyright © 2023, The Author(s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 742, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "This article is distributed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 139, "width": 494, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan swamedikasi obat diare pada warga Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 189, "width": 336, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Hesti Wulandari 1 , Ni Made Amelia Ratnata Dewi 1* , Raisya Hasina 1 1 Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 225, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/sjp.v4i1.187", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 247, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 247, "width": 508, "height": 179, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Abstract: Diarrhea is a health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Mild diarrhea is a disease that can be treated with self-medication out by the people of Hidirasa Village because of the limitations of health service centers and places to buy medicines which are still lacking and quite far away. The limited knowledge of the community is one of the sources of errors in treatment. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the level of knowledge of self-medication of diarrhea medicine in the residents of Hidirasa Village, Wera District, Bima Regency. This research is a descriptive observational study using a cross sectional research design with a cluster sampling technique of 100 respondents. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The instrument used was tested for validity and reliability. From the 25 statement items, it was declared valid because the r- count value was >0.3 and the reliability test results obtained the Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.888. In the analysis of the level of knowledge of the community is done using Microsoft Excel and categorized into good, sufficient, and less. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of self-medication of diarrhea drugs in the Hidirasa village community is in the good category of 36%, 62% have sufficient knowledge, and 2% have less knowledge. Received : 2022-09-24 Revised : 2023-04-03 Accepted : 2023-04-03", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 437, "width": 235, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Keywords: Self-medication, Diarrhea, Knowledge, Society", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 461, "width": 508, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Citation: Wulandari, H., Dewi, N. M. A. R., & Hasina, R. (2023). Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan swamedikasi obat diare pada warga Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima. Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy, 4 (1), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.29303/sjp.v4i1.187", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 507, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 532, "width": 246, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Swamedikasi merupakan suatu upaya untuk mengobati keluhan dari gejala-gejala dengan menggunakan obat-obatan golongan bebas dan bebas terbatas yang dapat dibeli bebas oleh masyarakat. Obat tersebut didapatkan di apotek atau toko obat tanpa melakukan konsultasi dokter (Tjay dan Raharja, 2010). Swamedikasi merupakan pilihan yang dapat diambil oleh masyarakat untuk mempermudah mendapatkan pengobatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 644, "width": 246, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) di tahun 2013 didapatkan bahwa sejumlah 103.860 atau 35,2% dari 294.959 keluarga di Indonesia membeli obat untuk swamedikasi. Pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 507, "width": 246, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "tahun 2014, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mendapatkan bahwa persentase masyarakat yang melakukan swamedikasi adalah sebanyak 61,05% (BPS, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 544, "width": 246, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Diare merupakan gangguan buang air besar (BAB) dengan gejala BAB lebih dari 3 kali dalam sehari dimana konsistensi tinja cair serta dapat disertai dengan darah. Diare adalah salah satu penyakit yang dapat diobati dengan swamedikasi. Namun jika tidak ditangani dengan baik, penyakit ini dapat berakibat fatal. Diare merupakan penyakit ke-3 di Indonesia dengan nilai morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi (Depkes RI, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 656, "width": 246, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tahun 2012 didapatkan angka kesakitan penyakit diare pada semua umur adalah 214 per 1.000 penduduk dan pada balita adalah 900 per 1.000", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 35, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 422, "top": 36, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "April 2023, Volume 4, Nomor 1, 30-33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 744, "width": 10, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 57, "width": 246, "height": 285, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "penduduk. Di Indonesia, kejadian diare masih cukup tinggi serta merupakan penyebab kematian terutama pada bayi dan balita, yang mana pada bayi (31,4%) dan pada balita (25,2%). Setiap tahunnya tercatat 162.000 balita meninggal karena penyakit diare atau sekitar 460 balita per hari. Pada survei kesehatan rumah tangga juga didapatkan bahwa diare merupakan penyebab mortalitas nomor dua pada balita, nomor tiga pada bayi dan nomor lima pada semua umur (Kemenkes, 2011). Kasus diare di Desa Hidirasa berdasarkan data Puskesmas Tawali Kecamatan Wera pada tahun 2020 mencapai ± 940 kasus dengan rata-rata sekitar 78 pasien setiap bulannya. Menurut data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bima tahun 2020, kasus diare yang ditangani di Kabupaten Bima Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat sebesar 10.124 kasus (Dinkes Kabupaten Bima, 2020). Bertolak dari beberapa alasan di atas maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang swamedikasi obat diare di Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan swamedikasi obat diare pada warga Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 355, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 381, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 394, "width": 246, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan metode cluster sampling . Penelitian ini disetujui oleh Komisi Etik Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Mataram No. 220/UN18.F7/ETIK/2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 468, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Populasi dan sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 480, "width": 246, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jumlah anggota sampel total dapat dihitung berdasarkan rumus slovin. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah semua masyarakat Desa Hidirasa yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kriteria penelitian yang ditetapkan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 542, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "a) Kriteria Inklusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 555, "width": 228, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1. Masyarakat desa yang mau menjadi responden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 568, "width": 232, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "2. Masyarakat desa yang bisa membaca dan menulis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 594, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "3. Pernah melakukan swamedikasi obat diare", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 607, "width": 98, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "4. Umur 18-45 tahun", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 620, "width": 131, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "5. Bisa berbahasa Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 633, "width": 246, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "b) Kriteria Eksklusi Masyarakat yang memiliki riwayat gangguan mental", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 670, "width": 99, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 682, "width": 246, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pada penelitian ini digunakan kuisioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Kuesioner berisi pernyataan terkait bagaimana pengetahuan swamedikasi obat diare. Proses penyebaran kuesioner dilakukan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 57, "width": 246, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "membagikan lembaran kuesioner kepada masyarakat Desa Hidirasa yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebelum penelitian dimulai, dilakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas kuesioner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 107, "width": 61, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 119, "width": 246, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Uji validitas digunakan untuk melihat kesahihan atau validnya suatu kuisioner. Kuisioner dikatakan valid jika nilai r hitung > 0.3 (Sugiyono, 2016). Uji validitas dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali. Pada uji validitas yang pertama menunjukkan 7 item pernyataan yang tidak valid. Kemudian dilakukan modifikasi kalimat dalam pernyataan dan didapatkan 25 item pernyataan valid. Uji validitas dilakukan pada 30 responden uji di luar anggota sampel. Pada kuesioner penelitian ini memiliki nilai r hitung berkisar antara 0,391-0,928, sehingga semua item pernyataan dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 255, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 268, "width": 246, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Uji reliabilitas dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencari tahu sejauh mana konsistensi alat ukur yang digunakan. Reliabilitas diukur berdasarkan nilai koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha dan dikatakan reliabel apabila memiliki nilai Cronbach’s Alpha > 0,7 (Ghozali, 2013). Hasil uji reliabilitas pada kuesioner tersebut diperoleh nilai koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,888 yang menunjukkan semua item soal reliabel, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 391, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 418, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Karakteristik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 430, "width": 246, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Karakteristik responden yang digunakan berupa jenis kelamin, usia, alamat dan pekerjaan. Data karakteristik demografi responden disajikan dalam Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 492, "width": 226, "height": 226, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Demografi Responden Karakteristik Demografi Jumlah Persentase Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki 32 32% Perempuan 68 68% Usia 16-25 43 43% 26-45 57 57% Alamat Dusun Hidirasa 33 33% Dusun Asakota 17 17% Dusun Sorinara 25 25% Dusun Lapana’e 25 25% Pekerjaan PNS 33 33% Petani 17 17% Ibu Rumah Tangga 26 26% Mahasiswa 13 13% Pelajar 11 11% Total 100 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 55, "top": 35, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 422, "top": 36, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "April 2023, Volume 4, Nomor 1, 30-33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 744, "width": 10, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 57, "width": 247, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Desa Hidirasa memiliki total 480 kepala keluarga (KK), dan dalam penelitian ini diambil sebanyak 100 responden yang berasal dari 4 dusun di Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima. Jumlah responden yang diambil dihitung menggunakan rumus Slovin. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat, diketahui bahwa jumlah responden perempuan lebih banyak yaitu 68 orang (68%) dan laki-laki dengan jumlah 32 orang (32%). Penelitian Panero and Persico (2016), menyatakan bahwa perempuan lebih mempunyai banyak waktu yang kosong di rumah dibandingkan dengan laki-laki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 206, "width": 246, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kemudian responden dengan kelompok usia yang paling banyak mengisi kuesioner yaitu pada usia 26-45 tahun yaitu sebesar 57%. Hal ini karena pada saat pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada sore hari saat masyarakat sudah selesai melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah. Pada karakteristik pekerjaan, responden yang banyak mengisi kuesioner yaitu Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yaitu sebanyak 33%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 319, "width": 249, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Distribusi Jawaban Tingkat Pengetahuan Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 331, "width": 246, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kuesioner dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 7 aspek, yaitu pengobatan mandiri, tempat pembelian obat, nama obat, cara pemakaian obat, cara menyimpan obat, lama penggunaan, dan cara membuang obat. Tingkat pengetahuan responden untuk daftar pernyataan kuesioner dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2, sedangkan berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan 7 aspek tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 443, "width": 235, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tabel 2. Daftar Pernyataan Kuesioner No Pernyataan Jawaban Benar Sesuai Kunci (%) Pengobatan Mandiri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 57, "width": 475, "height": 668, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1 Swamedikasi merupakan usaha untuk mengobati diri sendiri dengan membeli obat-obatan tanpa nasehat/diagnosis dari dokter. 92 (92%) 2 Diare merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan buang air besar yang berbentuk tinja lembek bahkan cair lebih dari 1 kali dalam sehari. 99 (99%) 3 Saat mengalami diare biasanya dapat disertai dengan gejala nyeri dan demam. 94 (94%) Tempat Pembelian Obat 1 Tempat pembelian obat yang resmi adalah apotek. 68 (68%) 2 Semua obat diare yang dijual di kios atau swalayan sudah pasti aman untuk dikonsumsi. 34 (34%) 3 Obat diare seperti diapet NR* dapat dibeli di toko obat atau kios 88 (88%) 4 Obat yang dijual melalui promosi iklan sudah pasti aman dikonsumsi. 38 (38%) 5 Tidak semua obat diare yang dibeli di apotek menggunakan resep dokter. 64 (64%) 6 Antibiotik dapat dibeli tanpa menggunakan resep dokter. 31 (31%) Nama Obat Diare 1 Oralit merupakan obat diare yang digunakan ketika anak mengalami dehidrasi atau kekurangan cairan dalam tubuh. 97 (97%) 2 Diapet merupakan obat herbal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. 77 (77%) 3 Obat diare seperti norit merupakan obat diare yang bermanfaat untuk memadatkan feses. 47 (47%) Menggunakan Obat 1 Obat diare yang melebihi tanggal kadaluwarsa, masih boleh diminum. 87 (87%) 2 Obat diare hanya dapat diminum jika mengalami diare. 76 (76%) 3 Obat diare yang berbentuk tablet yang sudah rapuh (pecah), masih boleh diminum. 47 (47%) 4 Informasi tentang cara penggunaan obat pada kemasan obat merupakan informasi yang benar. 97 (97%) 5 Jika obat diare digunakan terus menerus ketika diare sudah berhenti akan menimbulkan masalah gangguan pencernaan. 27 (27%)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 355, "top": 429, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Menyimpan Obat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 442, "width": 216, "height": 270, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1 Obat dalam bentuk sediaan sirup dapat disimpan dalam jangka maksimal 1 bulan setelah dibuka. 49 (49%) 2 Obat boleh tidak disimpan pada kemasan asli. 85 (85%) Lama Penggunaan Obat 1 Jangka waktu penggunaan untuk setiap jenis obat diare berbeda- beda. 96 (96%) 2 Semua obat dapat berhenti digunakan ketika diare sudah sembuh. 72 (72%) Membuang Obat 1 Isi obat tidak perlu dikeluarkan dari kemasan pada saat akan dibuang. 41 (41%) 2 Semua obat yang kadaluwarsa harus dihancurkan dulu sebelum dibuang. 57 (57%) 3 Obat diare dalam bentuk sediaan tablet dan pil harus dihancurkan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. 83 (83%) 4 Obat dalam bentuk sediaan sirup harus dibuang terpisah dengan kemasannya. 89 (89%)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 55, "top": 35, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 422, "top": 36, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "April 2023, Volume 4, Nomor 1, 30-33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 744, "width": 10, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 57, "width": 246, "height": 341, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tabel 3. Tingkat Pengetahuan Responden Persentase Kategori (n) Responden (%) Responden 76-100% Baik 36 36% 56-75% Cukup 62 62% <56% Kurang 2 2% Total 100 100% Berdasarkan Tabel 3 dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat pengetahuan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan baik yaitu 36%, responden dengan pengetahuan cukup yaitu 62%, dan responden dengan pengetahuan kurang yaitu 2%. Dari tabel tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa persentase yang paling dominan yaitu pada kategori cukup, hal ini karena adanya pengaruh pengalaman dan kebiasaan dari setiap individu dalam melakukan pengobatan secara mandiri yang berbeda-beda. Pada beberapa penelitian lain didapatkan hasil yang berbeda. Penelitian di Dusun Macanan Kelurahan Tanjung Kecamatan Muntilan, didapatkan hasil bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat tentang swamedikasi diare secara umum masih kurang (Wulandari dkk, 2017). Di Ciracas, Jakarta Timur didapatkan hasil sebanyak 239 responden (69.3%) dari total 345 responden memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang swamedikasi diare (Poppy & Nuraini, 2022). Penelitian Tuanahope (2018), menyatakan bahwa sikap, perilaku dan kebiasaan masyarakat menjadi faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pengetahuan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 50, "top": 411, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 438, "width": 246, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gambaran tingkat pengetahuan swamedikasi diare pada warga Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera baik (36%), cukup (62%) dan kurang (2%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 512, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 538, "width": 246, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2020). Indikator Kesehatan 1995-2015. http://bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1559 Diakses pada 14 April 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 600, "width": 246, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2013). Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2013 . Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Republik Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 662, "width": 246, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bima. (2020) . Buku Saku Profil Kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bima Nusa Tenggara Barat . Mataram: Dinas Kesehatan Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 57, "width": 246, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 21 Update PLS Regresi . Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 94, "width": 58, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Diponegoro.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 309, "top": 119, "width": 246, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2011). Rencana Pembangunan Kesehatan Menuju Indonesia Sehat. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 180, "width": 246, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Panero, C., and Persico, L. (2016). Attitudes Toward and Use of Over The Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study. International Journal of Marketing Studies , Vol. 8 No. 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 254, "width": 246, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Poppy, I., & Nuraini, J. (2022). Analisa Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Swamedikasi Penyakit Diare Kecamatan Ciracas Jakarta Timur. Farmasi-Qu Jurnal Kefarmasian , 9 (1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.56319/bhj.v9i1.31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 329, "width": 246, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D . Bandung: PT Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 365, "width": 246, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tjay, T. H., dan Raharja, K. (2010). Obat - Obatan Sederhana untuk Gangguan Sehari Hari. Jakarta: Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 415, "width": 246, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tuanahope, N. (2018). Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Memilih Obat Bebas dan Bebas Terbatas di RT 005 Kelurahan Oetete Kota Kupang dengan Metode Cara Belajar Insan Aktif (CBIA). Skripsi. Kupang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 489, "width": 247, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Wulandari, D., Lutfiyati H., dan Yuliastuti F. (2017). Gambaran Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Swamedikasi Diare Di Dusun Macanan Kelurahan Tanjung Kecamatan Muntilan. Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 3 (1), 14-18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 551, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v3i1.2719", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 231, "top": 88, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KATA PENGANTAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 414, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Puji syukur kita panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat-Nya Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gentiaras Lampung dapat menerbitkan Jurnal GEMA: Gentiaras Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 13 Nomor 1, tahun 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GEMA : Jurnal Gentiaras Manajemen dan Akuntansi, diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Aplikasi Penelitian, Pelatihan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LAP3M) STIE GENTIARAS Bandar Lampung sebagai jurnal enam bulanan untuk menyajikan tulisan - tulisan tentang Manajemen dan Akuntansi. Tulisan berbentuk kajian teoritis, paper yang didukung data sekunder, dan ringkasan hasil penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal GEMA memfokuskan diri untuk menerbitkan artikel berkualitas yang merupakan hasil penelitian maupun tinjauan literatur terkait Manajemen dan Akuntansi sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi kontribusi dan pengaruh positif pada bidang keilmuan Manajemen dan Akuntansi. Jurnal GEMA mencakup berbagai pendekatan penelitian yaitu metode kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan campuran. Jurnal GEMA berfokus pada berbagai tema, topik dan aspek manajemen serta akuntansi termasuk pada topik berikut: Akuntansi Keuangan, Akuntansi Sektor Publik, Manajemen Akunting, Akuntansi Syariah, Audit, Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Akuntansi Perilaku (termasuk Etika dan Profesionalisme), Pendidikan Akuntansi (Etika), Perpajakan, Pasar Modal dan Investasi, Akuntansi Perbankan dan Asuransi, Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Pelaporan Keberlanjutan, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Manajemen Pemasaran, Manajemen Keuangan, Perilaku Keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbaikan telah dilakukan untuk terbitan Volume 13 Nomor 1, tahun 2021, namun Dewan Redaksi tetap mengharapkan masukan dan kritik membangun dari civitas akademika agar terbitan berikutnya akan makin baik dan berkualitas. Adanya kekurangan-kekurangan pada jurnal ini kiranya dapat dimaklumi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atas perhatian pembaca dan bantuan mitra bestari, editor, dan karyawan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gentiaras Lampung hingga dapat diterbitkannya jurnal ini diucapkan terima kasih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 577, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandarlampung, 31 Januari 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 440, "top": 600, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketua Redaksi", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 158, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No.3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 534, "top": 36, "width": 23, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "761", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 721, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 734, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 749, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 70, "width": 447, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PERANAN KOMPETENSI SDM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA UMKM DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 97, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Studi Kasus Di Home Industri Tempe Desa Jelantik)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 125, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 139, "width": 168, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Maruf Al Qifari Dosen Prodi Manajemen FBMB", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 236, "top": 166, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 299, "top": 194, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 473, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UMKM mampu menjadi penopang perekonomian negara kita, karena pelaku usaha sebagian besar adalah UMKM berupa industry rumah tangga dan mampu menyerap tenaga kerja. Desa jelantik di Kecamatan jonggat merupakan salah satu pusat industry rumah tangga yang ada di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, khususnya Home industry tempe yang memiliki potensi usaha kreatif yang mampu menopang perekonomian warga sekitarnya. dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan kompetensi SDM UMKM dalam meningkatkan kinerja UMKM Home Industri Tempe di Desa Jelantik Kecamatan Jonggat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 473, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kompetensi sumber daya manusia (SDM) ternyata merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat penting didalam industri umkm. dengan meningkatnya kompetensi sdm melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan, maka hal tersebut merupakan kunci dalam peningkatan kinerja umkm khsusnya home industry tempe di Desa Jelantik. pengelolaan SDM di UMKM juga meliputi kegiatan rekrutmen, seleksi, penempatan, pengembangan, kompensasi (upah), mempertahankan (retention), evaluasi, promosi hingga pengakhiran hubungan kerja. mengelola SDM bagi UMKM merupakan sebuah keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh para pelaku umkm. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi SDM, Kinerja UMKM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 230, "height": 191, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber daya manusia bukan hanya sebagai alat produksi tetapi juga sebagai penggerak dan penentu berlangsungnya proses produksi dan segala aktivitas organisasi (Subowo and Setiawan 2015). Sumber daya manusia memiliki andil besar dalam menentukan maju atau berkembangnya suatu organisasi. Oleh karena itu, kemajuan suatu organisasi ditentukan pula bagaimana kualitas dan kapabilitas SDM di dalamnya. Dengan demikian sumber daya manusia merupakan asset terpenting didalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan skala besar maupun kecil (Muhid 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 230, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Namun didalam pelaksanaannya tidak mudah bagi organisasi ataupun perusahaan untuk menjadikan sumber daya manusia sebagai asset yang bermanfaat. Dalam faktanya masih banyak Lembaga atau organisasi bahkan perusahaan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 429, "width": 233, "height": 287, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menganggap SDM hanya sebagai alat dalam kegiatan produksi semata. Hingga saat ini masih banyak perusahaan dalam berbagai level dalam praktek pengelolaan perusahaannya menjalankan praktek manajemen SDM secara konvensional, sehingga dapat menyebabkan adanya timbulnya konflik antara pihak manajemen dengan pegawainya memberikan dampak buruk terhadap kelangsungan suatu organisasi atau perusahaan. Mengingat pentingnya sumber daya manusia didalam organisasi tersebut, maka kompetensi merupakan salah satu aspek yang dapat menentukan keberhasilan suatu organisasi atau perusahaan termasuk dalam pengelolaan industry rumah tangga yang ada (Supriyanto 2015). Dengan kompetensi tinggi yang dimiliki oleh SDM dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan tentunya akan menentukan kualitas SDM yang dimiliki dan pada akhirnya akan menentukan kompetitif perusahaan itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 25, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "762", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 358, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No. 3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 730, "width": 469, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 744, "width": 133, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak) ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 232, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Begitu pula pada Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) , kompetensi SDM juga memiliki peranan penting dalam perkembangan UMKM tersebut. Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah atau UMKM memegang peranan yang sangat besar dalam memajukan perekonomian Indonesia. Selain sebagai salah satu alternatif lapangan kerja baru,UMKM juga berperan dalam mendorong laju pertumbuhan ekonomi pasca krisis moneter tahun 1997 di saat perusahaan-perusahaan besar mengalami kesulitan dalam mengembangkan usahanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 249, "width": 230, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Saat ini,UKM telah berkontribusi besar pada pendapatan daerah maupun pendapatan negara Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang dihimpun mengenai data perkembangan UMKM di Indonesia adalah sebagai berikut(Kementrian Koperasi dan UKM n.d.) :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 413, "width": 230, "height": 314, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UMKM berupa industry rumah tangga, dengan berbagai jenisnya termasuk insdutri rumah tangga pembuatan dan produksi tempe merupakan salah satu tulang punggung perekonomian di Desa bahkan di level nasional sekalipun. Menutur data yang ada, disebutkan bahwa sekitar 88,8-99,9% bentuk usaha di ASEAN adalah UMKM dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja mencapai 51,7- 97,2%. UMKM memiliki proporsi sebesar 99,99% dari total keseluruhan pelaku usaha di Indonesia atau sebanyak 56,54 juta unit, (Widjaya, 2018). Oleh karena itu, kerjasama untuk pengembangan dan ketahanan UMKM perlu diutamakan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam menciptakan wirausaha yang dapat bersaing di era pandemic Covid-19 dan era industri 4,0 ini. Dalam era pandemic ini, intensitas untuk berinteraksi satu sama lain dalam mendistribusikan dan menjual produk tempe sangat terbatas, sehingga kombinasi di masa pandemic dengan system teknologi digital", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 70, "width": 230, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sangat di butuhkan, dalam menjalankan usaha home industry tempe. Tentunya hal tersebut menjadi tantangan terbesar bagi pelaku industry rumah tangga dalam memproduksi tempe di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Adanya ketersediaan kompetensi SDM yang professional dan mampu bersaing, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja industry rumah tangga yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 194, "width": 230, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah : 1.Bagaimana peranan kompetensi SDM dalam meningkatkan kinerja UMKM industry rumah tangga di desa Jelantik , Kecamatan Jonggat, Lombok Tengah . Dalam penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis mengenai pentingnya peranan kompetensi SDM yang dimiliki oleh UMKM dalam meningkatkan kinerja UMKM industry rumah tangga di desa Jelantik, Kecamatan Jonggat, Lombok Tengah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 373, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 387, "width": 230, "height": 329, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Kompetensi SDM Keberhasilan didalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan, sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuan sumber daya manusianya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan kompetensi sumber daya manusia yang unggul. Kompetensi menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2015, versi 1.4) adalah kewenangan (kekuasaan) untuk menentukan (memutuskan sesuatu); kemampuan menguasai gramatika secara abstrak maupun batiniah. Pendapat lain mengenai Kompetensi menurut Spencer and Spencer, (1993); “an underlying characteristic’s of an individual which is causally related to criterion-referenced effective and or superior performance in a job or situation” (Syarifudin 2014). Berdasarkan pengertian tersebut, penulis menerjemahkan bahwa kompetensi merupakan hal yang mendasari kepribadian seseorang yang menyebabkan saling berkaitan antara kriteria keperilakuan efektif dan atau kinerja yang unggul dalam pekerjaan atau situasi tertentu. Sedangkan menurut pendapat Becker and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 158, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No.3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 533, "top": 36, "width": 25, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "763", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 315, "top": 755, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 770, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 230, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ulrich dalam Suparno (2005) bahwa competency refers to an individual‟s knowledge, skill, ability or personality characteristics that directly influence job performance (Runtu, Mandey, and Ogotan 2015). Berdasarkan hal tersebut bahwa kompetensi mengandung aspek-aspek pengetahuan, ketrampilan (keahlian) dan kemampuan ataupun karakteristik kepribadian yang mempengaruhi kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 207, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. UMKM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 230, "height": 245, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Tambunan (2012), UMKM adalah unit usaha produktif yang berdiri sendiri, yang dilakukan oleh orang perorangan atau Badan Usaha disemua sektor ekonomi. Pada prinsipnya, pembedaan antara Usaha Mikro (UMi), Usaha Kecil (UK), Usaha Menengah (UM) dan Usaha Besar (UB) umumnya didasarkan pada nilai asset awal (tidak termasuk tanah dan bangunan), omset rata-rata pertahun atau njumlah pekerja tetap. Namun definisi UMKM berdasarkan ketiga alat ukur ini berbeda disetiap Negara (Tambunan 2009). Pada Bab I pasal 1 UU No 20 Tahun 2008 (Undang Undang Republik Indonesia No.20 2008) tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), maka yang dimaksud dengan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 230, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Usaha Mikro adalah usaha produktif milik orang perorangan dan/atau badan usaha perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria Usaha Mikro sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang- Undang ini.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 230, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Usaha Kecil adalah usaha ekonomi produktif yang berdiri sendiri, yang dilakukan oleh orang perorangan atau badan usaha yang bukan merupakan anak perusahaan atau bukan cabang perusahaan yang dimiliki, dikuasai, atau menjadi bagian baik langsung maupun tidak langsung dari Usaha Menengah atau Usaha Besar yang memenuhi kriteria Usaha Kecil sebagaimana dimaksud dalam UndangUndang ini. 3) Usaha Menengah adalah usaha ekonomi produktif yang berdiri sendiri, yang dilakukan oleh orang perorangan atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 347, "top": 69, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "badan usaha yang bukan merupakan anak perusahaan atau cabang perusahaan yang dimiliki, dikuasai, atau menjadi bagian baik langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan Usaha Kecil atau Usaha Besar dengan jumlah kekayaan bersih atau hasil penjualan tahunan sebagaimana diatur dalam UndangUndang ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 179, "width": 230, "height": 267, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan definisi di atas maka pada intinya Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah adalah suatu bentuk usaha ekonomi produktif yang dilakukan oleh orang perseorangan atau badan usaha perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Tabel 1 Klasifikasi UMKM berdasarkan UU No. 20/2008 No Ukuran Usaha Aet Omset Aset Omset 1 Usaha Mikro Minimal 50 Juta Maksimal 300 Juta 2 Usaha Kecil >50 Juta – 500 Juta Maksimal 3 Miliar 3 Usaha Menengah >500 Juta – 10 Miliar >2,5 – 50 Miliar Sumber: UU No. 20/2008 C. Kinerja UMKM Kinerja merupakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 435, "width": 232, "height": 301, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "serangkaian kegiatan manajemen yang memberikan gambaran sejauh mana hasil yang sudah dicapai dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dalam akuntabilitas publik baik berupa keberhasilan maupun kekurangan yang terjadi (Ranto, 2007). Sedangkan menurut Srimindarti (2006) kinerja adalah penentuan secara periodik efektivitas operasional organisasi, bagian organisasi dan karyawannya berdasarkan sasaran, standar dan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Jadi kinerja adalah prestasi yang dicapai suatu organisasi atau entitas dalam periode akuntansi tertentu yang diukur berdasarkan perbandingan dengan berbagai standar. Kinerja merupakan tingkat pencapaian hasil atas pelaksanaan tugas tertentu (Lanang, Kirya, and Cipta 2014). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka kinerja merupakan tingkat pencapaian hasil atas pelaksanaan tugas tertentu. Pada dasarnya semua UMKM memiliki tujuan yang sama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 26, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "764", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 358, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No. 3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 730, "width": 469, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 744, "width": 133, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak) ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 230, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "yaitu memiliki kinerja yang baik, karena merupakan syarat mutlak dalam kelangsungan UMKM. Dengan kinerja UMKM yang baik, maka UMKM mampu berperan sebagai tulang punggung perekonomian nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 153, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 166, "width": 230, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara secara langsung, studi pustaka (library research), website, dan sumber – sumber tertulis baik yang tercetak maupun media elektronik sehingga dapat memperjelas penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 59, "top": 304, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Profile UMKM Desa Jelantik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 318, "width": 232, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desa Jelantik merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di Kecamatan Jonggat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Desa ini merupakan salah sentra UMKM yang khusus dan focus dalam memproduksi tempe, untuk di pasarkan di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah dan Pulau Lombok secara umumnya. Salah satu pusat UMKM Home Industri Tempe di Desa Jelantik, berada di Dusun Setumbak, salah satu dusun dari 15 dusun yang ada di Desa Jelantik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 456, "width": 230, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu ciri UMKM di Indonesia dan di negara berkembang lainya, adalah biasanya kelompok industri yang sama, berlokasi berdekatan satu sama lain di suatu wilayah. Pengelompokan secara geografis menurut kelompok ini, didalam literratur industry atau UMKM, disebut klaster. Di Indonesia, banyak kegiatan UMKM, khususnya UMKM yang tersebar di daerah- daerah memang sudah berlangsung turun- temurun, dan umumnya setiap daerah memiliki spesialisasi. Begitu pula di desa Jelantik, terdapat beberapa UMK Home Industri Tempe didesa tersebut, antara lain Home Industri Tempe Batur, Tempe Abi, Tempe Doni dan industry tempe lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 677, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan gambaran dan profile home industry tempe yang ada, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa kondisi latar belakang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 70, "width": 230, "height": 259, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UMKM home industry di desa Jelantik lebih beragam pada pengusaha kecil daripada pengusaha mikro, dimana latar belakang ekonomi juga merupakan alasan utama, tetapi sebagian lain mempunyai latar belakang lebih realistis dengan melihat prospek usaha kedepan dengan kendala modal terbatas. Sebagian besar pengusaha kecil mempunyai alasan berusaha karena adanya peluang bisnis dan pangsa pasar yang aman dan besar. Ada juga sejumlah pengusaha kecil beralasan bahwa itu karena faktor keturunan/warisan, dibekali keahlian dan membuka lapangan kerja baru bagi warga setempat. Meski masih terdapat sejumlah pengusaha yang beralasan karena tidak ada kesempatan dibidang lain dengan berbagai macam alasan, misalnya pendidikan formal yang rendah, atau kondisi fisik yang tidak memungkinkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 332, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Analisi Peranan Kompetansi SDM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 346, "width": 209, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UMKM dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja UMKM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 373, "width": 230, "height": 301, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desa Jelantik,Kecamatan Jonggat, Lombok Tengah, memiliki distribusi UMKM mampu menjadi stabilisator dan dinamisator perekonomian wilayah tersebut bahkan wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sebagai negara berkembang, Indonesia sangat penting memperhatikan UMKM, disebabkan UMKM mempunyai kinerja lebih baik dalam tenaga kerja yang produktif, meningkatkan produktivitas tinggi, dan mampu hidup di sela- sela usaha besar. UMKM mampu menopang usaha besar, seperti menyediakan bahan mentah, suku cadang, dan bahan pendukung lainnya. UMKM juga mampu menjadi ujung tombak bagi usaha besar dalam menyalurkan dan menjual produk dari usaha besar ke konsumen. Kedudukan UMKM ini semakin mantap. Selain mampu menyerap tenaga kerja cukup banyak, UMKM ini bersifat lincah sehingga mampu bertahan di dalam kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan, seperti terjadinya krisis global.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 677, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Umumnya, UMKM memiliki strategi dengan membuat produk unik dan khusus sehingga tidak bersaing dengan produk dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 158, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No.3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 533, "top": 36, "width": 25, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 315, "top": 755, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 770, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 230, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "usaha besar. Terdapat beberapa kendala- kendala pada UMKM di desa Desa Jelantik,Kecamatan Jonggat, Lombok Tengah tersebut, antara lain adalah : kurangnya permodalan, kesulitan pemasaran, persaingan usaha yang ketat, kesulitan bahan baku, kurangnya pengetahuan teknis produksi dan keahlian, kurangnya keterampilan manajerial (SDM) dan kurangnya pengetahuan manajemen keuangan dan tidak adanya pencatatan keuangan (akuntansi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 230, "height": 107, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam usaha adalah Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Selama ini pengembangan SDM di UMKM merupakan upaya banyak pihak untuk membantu pengembangan bisnis UMKM. Hal ini banyak dilakukan melalui peningkatan pengetahuan di bidang pemasaran, teknik produksi, keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 230, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sementara itu, keterampilan pelaku UMKM sendiri di bidang pengelolaan SDM, kurang mendapat perhatian. Begitu pula dengan pelaku UMKM khususnya Home Industri di desa Jelantik, mayoritas pelakunya masih didominasi oleh tamatan SMA/SMK (50%), S1 (10%), D3 (15%), dan sisanya di bawah SMA. Menyikapi hal tersebut untuk tumbuh dan berkembang, UMKM harus mampu mengelola denganbaik faktor-faktor internal maupun eksternal di lingkungan bisnisnya. Salah satu faktor internal yang membutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pengelolaan adalah perihal Sumber Daya Manusia pada UMKM. SDM merupakan kunci utama, yang biasanya dimulai dari pemilik usaha (owner) dan tenaga kerja di lingkungan sang pemilik UMKM tersebut. Sama dengan yang terjadi di perusahaan besar, maka pengelolaan SDM di UMKM juga meliputi kegiatan rekrutmen, seleksi, penempatan, pengembangan, kompensasi (upah),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 230, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mempertahankan (retention), evaluasi, promosi hingga pengakhiran hubungan kerja. Mengelola SDM bagi UMKM merupakan sebuah keterampilan yang penting dimiliki pengusaha. pengelolaan SDM di UMKM juga meliputi kegiatan rekrutmen, seleksi, penempatan, pengembangan, kompensasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 69, "width": 230, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(upah), mempertahankan (retention), evaluasi, promosi hingga pengakhiran hubungan kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 97, "width": 230, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mengelola SDM bagi UMKM merupakan sebuah keterampilan yang penting dimiliki pengusaha. Secara umum berdasarkan pengamatan, beberapa tantangan yang dihadapi UMKM industry rumah tanggadi Desa Jelantik dalam mengelola SDM adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 193, "width": 230, "height": 191, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kepatuhan dengan Hukum. UMKM menghadapi hal ini, terlebih bagi mereka yang usaha sudah berkembang dan tenaga kerjanya mulai bertambah. Tantangan yang dihadapi UMKM dalam hal ini adalah mematuhi ketentuan ketenagakerjaan yang berlaku (UU TK), seperti mulai memiliki peraturan kepegawaian perusahaan, terdaftar di Dinas Tenaga Kerja setempat. Selain itu juga ketentuan mengenai hak- hak karyawan, jaminan kesehatan, lembur, dll. Perihal kepatuhan hukum ini tentu memerlukan energi UMKM selain pengetahuan yang cukup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 386, "width": 230, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kesulitan dalam Rekrutmen. UMKM biasanya kesulitan menentukan standar dalam melakukan rekrutmen. Umumnya mereka langsung saja mencontoh usaha lain dari sisi pemenuhan pegawai, kurang cermat dalam menyesuaikannya dengan kebutuhan bisnis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 329, "top": 483, "width": 230, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Menetapkan peraturan. UMKM sering merasa bahwa peraturan ini nantinya akan membebani diri sendiri. Pemilik usaha umumnya kurang bisa menentukan hal-hal apa saja yang perlu diatur. Terkadang pemilik terlalu tegas atau khawatir karyawan malah akan mengendor kerjanya bila dibuatkan peraturan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 329, "top": 593, "width": 230, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Mengembangkan Kompetensi Pegawai. Sedikit sekali pemilik usaha UMKM yang memahami dengan tepat bagaimana potensi karyawannya. Hal ini karena umumnya konsentrasi pemilik lebih ke arah produksi, pemasaran keuangan, selain pemilik tersebut biasanya adalah key person yang memiliki keahlian produksi. Pada umumnya pemilik sangat juga lupa melakukan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 440, "top": 718, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "update terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 26, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "766", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 358, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No. 3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 730, "width": 469, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 744, "width": 133, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak) ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 70, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keterampilannya sendiri. Alhasil, tak ada SDM dalam UMKM tersebut yang berkembang di sisi kompetensinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 111, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Menetapkan Upah Pegawai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 111, "width": 212, "height": 260, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada umumnya UMKM kesulitan dalam menentukan upah pegawainya. Sebagaian mereka tidak memperhitungkan upah untuk diri sendiri atau anggota keluarga yang membantu dalam kegiatan usaha.Banyak di antara mereka pula yang memberikan bayaran jauh lebih tinggi bagi anggota keluarga dibanding pegawai lain, walau jenis pekerjaannya sama. Di sisi lain, UMKM juga sering khawatir bila belum dapat memenuhi Upah Minimal, sehingga keberadaan tenaga kerjanya sering ditutup- Walaupun di sisi lain sebenarnya UMKM dapat mempekerjakan pegawai secara paruh waktu sesuai kebutuhan, namun karena pengetahuan ketenagakerjaan kurang, maka hal ini kurang dapat disolusikan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 373, "width": 230, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Memisahkan biaya usaha dan belanja keluarga. UMKM sering", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 387, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kali mencampuradukkan biaya usaha dengan belanja keluarga. Dengan melibatkan anggota keluarga sebagai SDM usaha, maka belanja keluarga menjadi rancu dengan biaya usaha. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan pendampingan UMKM.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 484, "width": 230, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Menilai Kinerja Karyawan dan pemberian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 498, "width": 212, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reward & Punishment. Karena kesederhanaan berpikir dan kondisi usahanya, UMKM pada umumnya memiliki keterbatasan dalam melakukan penilaian kinerja karyawan. Dalam hal ini, sering tidak ada standar atau aturan baku. Demikian juga dalam hal pemberian reward maupun punishment. Karena adanya anggota keluarga yang terlibat dalam usaha, maka kegiatan penilaian kinerja, pemberian reward dan punishment menjadi kurang obyektif, dan ujungnya dapat menimbulkan kendala SDM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 677, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Mempertahankan dan Memberhentikan Pegawai. Dengan kesederhanaannya, UMKM dapat menciptakan kondisi kerja", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 70, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "yang membuat SDM bekerja dengan nyaman seperti dalam keluarga. Namun dengan kedekatan kekeluargaan, UMKM juga kadang mengalami kesulitan untuk memberhentikan pegawainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 139, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Memperhatikan hal tersebut di atas, maka pelaku UMKM perlu meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan pengelolaan SDM. Hal ini tentu perlu diimbangi dengan niat yang kuat, di mana SDM yang bagus tentu akan meningkatkan kinerja UMKM itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 235, "width": 230, "height": 260, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masalah loyalitas pegawai kerap dihadapi, namun jika dipikirkan dan dipahami sejak awal, maka hal ini akan lebih baik, karena banyak terjadi ketika bisnis sedang maju, dan beberapa karyawan meninggalkan usaha tersebut, maka perkembangan bisnis menjadi terhambat.Hal ini dapat dipahami karena pada umumnya UMKM belum dapat memberikan gaji yang bersaing bagi karyawannya, jika dibandingkan perusahaan besar. Beban kerja juga relatif lebih berat dan harus serba bisa, bahkan untuk Usaha Menengah yang telah memiliki struktur, maka seseorang yang handal sering merangkap jabatan, sistem belum tertata rapi dan fasilitas seadanya. Apalagi bila sang pemilik usaha menggaji pegawai yang merupakan saudaranya lebih besar dari karyawan bagus tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 498, "width": 230, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Di sini sering timbul ide sang karyawan untuk hengkang dari bisnis UMKM tersebut dan membuat bisnis sendiri. Di sini pula muncul persaingan UMKM yang ketat.Untuk hal ini, maka perlu ditanamkan sejak awal oleh pemilik atau pelaku UMKM bahwa karyawan yang memiliki loyalitas tinggi, kerjanya bagus, jujur, sertamau bertindak layaknya sang pemilik, maka mereka adalah aset yang sangat besar dalam bisnis UMKM tersebut. Untuk itu, maka pelaku UMKM perlu memikirkan program yang menarik untuk mempertahankan karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 677, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terkait hal ini maka jobdesk masing- masing karyawan termasuk tanggung jawab dan keterampilan perlu diperhatikan, perlu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 158, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No.3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 532, "top": 36, "width": 25, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "767", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 315, "top": 755, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 770, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 230, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "diukur dengan baik. beberapa hal berikut ini merupakan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dasar yang perlu dimiliki oleh UMKM sehubungan pengelolaan SDM:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 124, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Penyusunan struktur organisasi/bisnis, meliputi pemilik, manajer/koordinator, kesekretariatan, keuangan, umum, dll.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 230, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Sistem seleksi yang memperhatikan kebutuhan usaha.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 230, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Pelatihan dan pengembangan SDM yang tidak terbatas pada pemilik saja, namun bagi seluruh karyawan, untuk semua aspek usaha termasuk pengetahuan tata kelola SDM pada UMKM.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 230, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Administrasi kepegawaian yang didasari pengetahuan dan kebutuhan yang memadai, misalnya: pengupahan, absensi, lembur, fasilitas karyawan, asuransi kesehatan, dan dokumentasi data karyawan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 230, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Perlunya menyusun peraturan perusahaan untuk usaha yang sudah memiliki karyawan lebih dari 25 orang, guna ketertiban dan pengelolaan yang lebih baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 230, "height": 259, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UMKM tidak harus memiliki pegawai yang khusus menangani SDM, namun kegiatan pengelolaan SDM ini lebih ke fungsional. Di mana pelaku UMKM harus melengkapi dirinya sendiri dengan berbagai pengetahuan dan fungsi MSDM seperti rekrutor, mediator, mengembangkan karyawan, dll. Sejak awal, pelaku UMKM perlu melakukan perencanaan usaha, termasuk perencanaan di bidang SDM (perlu karyawan berapa dengan kompetensi apa, dll) dan secara bertahap pemilik usaha juga menularkan pengetahuan tersebut kepada pegawai yang dipercaya, hingga tiba saatnya pemilik benar-benar akan berfungsi sebagai owner usaha dan seluruh aspek usaha dikerjakan oleh pegawai (SDM). Secara keseluruhan bahwa dengan semakin baik kompetensi SDM, maka akan meningkatkan kinerja UMKM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 230, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pemaparan tersebut, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Peranan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 69, "width": 230, "height": 660, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kompetensi sumber daya manusia (SDM) merupakan faktor penentu organisasi atau perusahaan,maka kompetensi menjadi aspek yang menentukan keberhasilan UMKM. Dengan Kompetensi yang tinggi yang dimiliki oleh SDM dalam suatu organisasi,akan menentukan kualitas SDM yang dimiliki yang pada akhirnya akan menentukan kualitas kompetitif UMKM itu sendiri. Sedangkan kinerja sangat berkaitan erat dengan kompetensi SDM, dengan semakin tingginya kompetensi SDM maka akan meningkatkan kinerja UMKM tersebut. Kompetensi SDM UMKM di desa Jelantik ,kecamatan Jonggat Lombok Tengah, terdapat faktor-faktor hambatannya antara lain adalah tingkat pendidikan para pelaku SDM UMKM yang dominan SMA bahkan dibawah SMA, sehingga hal tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja UMKM. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan merupakan salah satu yang harus dimiliki oleh para pelaku UMKM, karena hal tersebut merupakan kunci keberkasilan dalam pengelolaan SDM. Dengan meningkatnya kompetensi SDM tentunya dapat meningkatkan kinerja UMKM di desa Jelantik tersebut. Saran Salah satu kendala dalam UMKM didesa Jelantik adalah kurangnya keterampilan dan pengetahuan para pelaku UMKM tersebut, karena tingkat pendidikan mereka yang rendah, rata-rata SMA bahkan dibawah SMA, tetapi sebagian lain mempunyai latar belakang lebih realistis dengan melihat prospek usaha kedepan dengan kendala modal terbatas. Lalu kendala-kendala lainnya pada UMKM di desa Jelantik,kecamatan Jonggat tersebut, antara lain adalah : kurangnya permodalan, kesulitan pemasaran, persaingan usaha yang ketat, kesulitan bahan baku, kurangnya pengetahuan teknis produksi dan keahlian, kurangnya keterampilan manajerial (SDM) dan kurangnya pengetahuan manajemen keuangan dan tidak adanya pencatatan keuangan (akuntansi). Menghadapi kendala tersebut peran pemerintah daerah seharusnya antara lain adalah intensif memberikan pelatihan- pelatihan kepada para pelaku UMKM. Peran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 25, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "768", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 358, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.2 No. 3 Agustus 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 54, "width": 469, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 730, "width": 469, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 744, "width": 133, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak) ISSN 2798-3641 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 230, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UMKM di desa Jelantik kecamatan Jonggat tersebut tentunya sangat berperan dalam menopang perekonomian daerah tersebut, karena kecamatan Jonggat dijadikan pusat ekonomi kreatif oleh pemerintah daerah setempat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 166, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 178, "width": 230, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] Syarifudin, A. 2014. “Pengaruh Kompetensi SDM Dan Peran Audit Intern Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Dengan Variabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 235, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Intervening Sistem Pengendalian Internal Pemerintah (Studi Empiris Pada Pemkab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 261, "width": 212, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kebumen).” Jurnal Fokus Bisnis, Volume 14, No 02, Desember 2014 14(25): 26–44.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[2] Kementrian Koperasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 291, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan UKM. “Perkembangan Data UMKM.”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 318, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[3] Lanang, I Putu Eka Sudiarta, I Ketut Kirya, and I Wayan Cipta. 2014. “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 210, "top": 346, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mempengaruhi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 360, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kinerja Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Di Kabupaten Bangli.” e-Journal Bisma Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha 2(1): 11–21.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 412, "width": 230, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[4] Muhid, Abdul. 2015. “No Title.” 4(03): 304–13. Runtu, Anita Christine, Jantje Mandey, and Martha", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 454, "width": 230, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[5] Ogotan. 2015. “K Ompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Tenaga Kependidikan Pada Bagian Akademik Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.” jurnal administrasi publik 2, No 30.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 230, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[6] Subowo, Robin, and Roy Setiawan. 2015. “Pengaruh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 209, "top": 550, "width": 77, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kepemimpinan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 567, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Transformasional Dan Motivasi Kerja", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 581, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja KarayawanPada", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 592, "width": 214, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pt Multi Artistikacithra.” Agora 3: 493–99.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 605, "width": 230, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[7] Supriyanto, Yudi. 2015. “Prosiding Seminar Nasional.” Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Gaya Kepemimpinan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 636, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan Survei Provinsi Jawa Barat Bidang Pendidikan Dasar Dinas Pendidikan 3:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 691, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "722–37.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 300, "top": 70, "width": 230, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[8] Tulus Tambunan. 2009. 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[ { "left": 215, "top": 35, "width": 315, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Available online at http://icsejournal.com/index.php/JCSE JCSE (Journal of Computer Science an Engineering) ISSN 2721-0251 Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 10-16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 794, "width": 234, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v1i1.17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 116, "width": 425, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Application Culinary Decision Support System in Kudus City with Weighted Product Method Based on Mobile Phone", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 167, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anindya Khrisna Wardhani 1* , Erba Lutfina 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 328, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2 Karangturi National University, Jalan Raden Patah 182-192, Semarang 50127, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 210, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected]; corresponding Author*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 253, "width": 97, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 342, "top": 252, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 274, "width": 50, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 282, "width": 76, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Receive January 1, 2020", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 65, "top": 291, "width": 83, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received January 15, 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 299, "width": 110, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted February 10, 2020 Available Online February 15, 2020", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 208, "top": 268, "width": 322, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Along with the number of restaurants located in the city of Kudus, making a problem for a consumer or tourists who want to choose a restaurant. This can even take a lot of time because consumers are faced with the many choices of restaurants. Therefore, a decision support system is needed to assist consumers or tourists in choosing a culinary place. In determining the selection of culinary places in the city of Kudus, using the Weighted Product method to determine the culinary place with several criteria: the number of menus, the average price, wifi, and corner charger. The culinary site selection system with weighted product method is implemented in the mobile phone- based system. The mobile phone application is made to facilitate the admin and user choose culinary or restaurant with the process used in determining the culinary place in the city of Kudus by using criteria inputted by the user. This app is also in add google maps, so direct users can knowing location culinary location or restaurant that has become his choice.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 326, "width": 84, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Applications, Decision Support Systems, Weighted Products,", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 65, "top": 360, "width": 22, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MADM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 396, "width": 94, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Aplikasi, Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Weighted Products, MADM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 449, "width": 89, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correspondence: Telephon: +62 89668080148 E-mail:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 475, "width": 93, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 346, "top": 409, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 208, "top": 423, "width": 322, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seiring dengan banyaknya restoran yang berlokasi di kota Kudus, membuat masalah bagi konsumen atau wisatawan yang ingin memilih restoran. Ini bahkan dapat mengambil banyak waktu karena konsumen dihadapkan pada banyak pilihan restoran. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem pendukung keputusan untuk membantu konsumen atau wisatawan dalam memilih tempat kuliner. Dalam menentukan pemilihan tempat kuliner di kota Kudus, menggunakan metode Weighted Product untuk menentukan tempat kuliner dengan beberapa kriteria: jumlah menu, harga rata-rata, wifi, dan tempat charger. Sistem pemilihan lokasi kuliner dengan metode weighted product diimplementasikan dalam sistem berbasis ponsel. Aplikasi ponsel dibuat untuk memudahkan admin dan pengguna memilih kuliner atau restoran dengan proses yang digunakan dalam menentukan tempat kuliner di kota Kudus dengan menggunakan kriteria yang dimasukkan oleh pengguna. Aplikasi ini juga di tambahkan google maps, sehingga pengguna langsung bisa mengetahui lokasi lokasi kuliner atau restoran yang sudah menjadi pilihannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 590, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 606, "width": 456, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kudus Regency is a kretek city. In addition to the city of Kretek, Kudus also has many beautiful views. This tourist attraction is usually synonymous with typical food. Special foods are foods that have characteristics that are not found in other areas. The diversity of special foods in the area makes many local tourists and foreign tourists to enjoy culinary tourism [1]. Along with the development of the restaurant business, he also developed consumer buying behaviour. Changes in consumer purchasing patterns that from the beginning are not very important and the benchmark makes only the prices while other factors can be ignored, now a new character emerges from consumers who become very selective and critical in determining purchases. Options are not only in terms of price. Several factors determine consumer choices, including the menu of the number of conditions, the average price, and the facilities consumers will get from a restaurant [2]. Therefore we need a decision support system that is used to make decisions in the selection of culinary locations. Support System (DSS) is a support system to support management decision making [3][4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 758, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Decision support system (DSS) is part of a knowledge-based information system computer-based system or knowledge management that is used to support decision making in an organisation or", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer Science an Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 10-16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2721-0251", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 795, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 806, "width": 120, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v1i1.17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 69, "width": 456, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "company. Based on the above understanding obtained information about DSS is not a tool for making decisions, which is a system that helps decision making by supplementing information with data that has been obtained with relevant and necessary to decide on a problem more quickly and accurately. So this system does not agree to make decisions in the decision making process[5][6]. One alternative solution to get the optimal solution is to use a decision-making method called fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (FMADM). Multi-attribute decision making is used to determine the best alternative of alternative considerations based on certain predetermined criteria One method in FMADM that is quite well known is the weighted product (WP) method. WP method is widely used to make decisions because of the simple method of all factors and fast calculation. The weighted product method is known to be more thorough because the weighted product method obtains a doubling in the valuation value and the weighted value results in ranking order. This makes ranking information more precise with specific results and has a faster average execution time [8][9][10]. Support System (DSS) is a support system to support management decision making. Decision support system (DSS) is part of a computer-based knowledge-based information system or management knowledge that is used to support decision making in an organisation or company. Based on the above understanding obtained information about DSS is not a tool for making decisions, which is a system that helps decision making by supplementing information with data that has been obtained with relevant and necessary to decide on a problem more quickly and accurately. So this system does not agree to make decisions in the decision making process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 328, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 347, "width": 164, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Weighted Product Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 364, "width": 456, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Weighted Product method requires the normalisation process due to this method. Submit the results of each assessment attribute. The multiplication result has not meaningful if not compared (shared) with a standard value. Weight for the benefits attribute serves as a positive rank in the multiplication process, while cost weight works as a negative rank. Weighted Product Method using multiplication as a connect attribute rating, where each attribute rating must be raised first with the weights concerned. The weighted product method can help in making decisions but the calculation with using the weighted product method only yields the greatest value which will be selected as an alternative the best. Calculations will be appropriate with this method if alternative the elected meets the criteria has been determined. The weighted method this product is more efficient because of the time which is required in the calculation shorter[11][12]. Preferences for alternative Si are given as follows formula 1:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 520, "width": 446, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S i = ∏ 𝑋 𝑖𝑗 𝑛 𝑗=1 Wj (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 71, "top": 542, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "With i = 1,2 ..., m; where Σ Wj = 1 Wj (2) is rank positive for attribute profit and negative value for cost attributes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 578, "width": 446, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W j = 𝑊𝑖 ∑ 𝑊𝑗 (2)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 71, "top": 607, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The relative preferences of each alternative, given as follows formula 3:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 627, "width": 148, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑉 𝑖 = ∏ 𝑋𝑖𝑗 𝑊𝑗 𝑛 𝑗=1 ∏ 𝑋𝑗∗ 𝑊𝑗 𝑛 𝑗=1 ; 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖 = 1,2, … , 𝑚.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(3)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 679, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As for the criteria is divided into two categories that are for value positive are included in the criteria profit and negative value included in the cost criteria. Information[13][14] :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 714, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A : Alternative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 727, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C : Criteria W : Weight S : Preferences for alternatives V : The value of the vector used for ranking", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer Science an Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 10-16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2721-0251", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 795, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 806, "width": 120, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v1i1.17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 69, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X : The alternate value of each criterion", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 82, "width": 6, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 102, "width": 118, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The types of data used in this study are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Primary data, is data obtained from the research object, as follows: List of restaurants, number of menus, average prices and facilities.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 160, "width": 402, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Secondary data is data obtained from literature, reference books, and internet browsing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 180, "width": 257, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Methods of data collection conducted in this research are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 194, "width": 399, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Observation: data collection through observation and direct interviews with consumers.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Library Studies: collecting research supporting literature, either from reference books or browsing from the internet.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 235, "width": 350, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research data used for research is data contained in Kudus as much as 73 data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 285, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. Use Case Diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 303, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to [1], use case Diagram describes how users interact with the system by determining the necessary steps. Use Case diagram in this study are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 473, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 Use Case Diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 493, "width": 227, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2. Weighted Product Method Calculation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 456, "height": 105, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Headings The decision-making system of restaurant selection using the weighted product method is realized in the android based system. Weighted Product method is one of the MADM problem-solving methods (Multi-Attribute Decision Making). This method evaluates several alternatives from a set of attributes or criteria, in which each attribute is independent of each other. The Weighted Product method uses the multiplication technique for the attribute of the rating attribute, where the rating of each attribute must be raised first with the weight of the attribute in question. This process is similar to the normalisation process. Samples from restaurant data along with the criteria of each alternative restaurant and manual calculation process will be presented in table 1 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 634, "width": 362, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 Data Sample Alternative Name of restaurant CRITERIA C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 R1 Bale Raos 42 55.000 0 0 1.232 R2 Green Bakery & Bistro 50 75.000 1 1 1.543 R3 Kopi Kritink Premium 63 42.000 1 1 2.012", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer Science an Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 10-16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2721-0251", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 795, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 806, "width": 120, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v1i1.17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 344, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Criteria used as a reference in the selection of restaurants there are 5, namely: C 1 : Menu Variation (number of menus) C 2 : Average price C 3 : Wifi C 4 : Charger Corner C 5 : Distance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 178, "width": 431, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C 1 criteria (quantity of food), C 3 (Wifi) and C 4 (Charger Corner) are beneficial (if the value is increasingly favored). While the criterion C 2 (food price), C 5 (restaurant distance) is the cost /cost criterion (The greater the value will get worse)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 37, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stage 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 392, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Two categories that distinguish the above criteria-among others. Description of weights: 5 = very important,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 274, "width": 66, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 = important,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 288, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 = quite important,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 = not so important,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 315, "width": 80, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 = not important", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 240, "top": 329, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2 Weight of Categories", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 194, "top": 349, "width": 203, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CRITERIA C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 5 3 4 4 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 401, "width": 34, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stage 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 414, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the table 2, preference weights of W = (5, 3, 4, 4, 2). Wj is W index to j. So for the improvement of W 1 weight becomes:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 439, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W 1 = 5 5+3+4+4+2 =0,28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 100, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W 2 = 3 5+3+4+4+2 =0,17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 479, "width": 100, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W 3 = 4 5+3+4+4+2 =0,22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 499, "width": 100, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W 4 = 4 5+3+4+4+2 =0,22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 518, "width": 100, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W 5 = 2 5+3+4+4+2 =0,11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 34, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stage 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 568, "width": 345, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Determining the Vector Value S, so results from calculating S i are as follows: S 1 = (42 0,28 )(55.000 -0,17 )(0 0,22 )(0 0,22 )(1.232 -0,11 ) =0 S 2 = (50 0,28 )(75.000 -0,17 )(1 0,22 )(1 0,22 )(1.543 -0,11 ) =0,1978021 S 3 = (63 0,28 )(42.000 -0,17 )(1 0,22 )(1 0,22 )(2.012 -0 ,11 ) =0,2261850", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 34, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stage 4", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Determining the value of the vector to be used Calculating Preferences (Vi) for friction. So Results from Calculating Preferences (Vi) are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 674, "width": 136, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V 1 = 0 0+0,1979294+0,2261850 = 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 695, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V 2 = 0,197924 0+0,1979294+0,2261850 = 0,4666887047", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 730, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V 3 = 0,2261850 0+0,1979294+0,2261850 = 0,5333112953", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 753, "width": 442, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the above calculation, Value V3 shows the greatest value so that in other words V3 is the best", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer Science an Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 10-16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2721-0251", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 795, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 806, "width": 120, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v1i1.17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 69, "width": 444, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "choice, Kritink Premium Coffee deserves to be the best restaurant choice according to the weighting given by the decision-maker.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 103, "width": 192, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3. Implementation for Application", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 121, "width": 456, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of app display android decision support system for selection location culinary as information using weighted product method. First, This page displays the main page of Kudus Culinary", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 397, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2 Display Main Menu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 424, "width": 438, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After the display menu, this page includes data to be searched according to the criteria desired by consumers such as the number of menus, average price, wifi, charger corner, and distance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 734, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3 User input criteria", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer Science an Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 10-16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2721-0251", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 795, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 806, "width": 120, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v1i1.17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 69, "width": 433, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "And the last, this page shows the culinary menu recommendations from the calculation criteria by using the weighted Product method", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 368, "width": 245, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 4 Results of Weighted Product Method Activity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 400, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 416, "width": 456, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The decision support system of culinary selection by using the method of the weighted product. The weighted product method can generate some recommendations according to the parameters inputted by the user. This system is expected to facilitate consumers in finding a restaurant. Implementation Decision Support System Selection Culinary Place by Using the based on mobile phone weighted product method developed using Android Studio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 502, "width": 52, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 516, "width": 457, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] B. R. 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[ { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1481 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 108, "width": 424, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 197, "top": 164, "width": 203, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isak Bonai 1 , Udaya Madjid 2 , Faria Ruhana 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 179, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3 Sekolah Pascasarjana Megister Terapan Studi Pemerintahan, Institut Pemerintahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 191, "width": 445, "height": 461, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Negeri Jatinangor Article Info ABSTRACT Keywords: Implementation of Good Governance in ASN Positions A bureaucracy that adheres to the principles of governance is one that complies with the principles of law and justice. The placement of civil servants in high-level leadership positions and administrative positions generally has not applied the principles of good governance. This conclusion is based on data obtained by researchers from a Pre-survey conducted within the Mamberamo Raya Regency Government. Researchers found inconsistencies between civil servants occupying high-level managerial positions and administrative managerial positions with their educational background, knowledge, rank/grade that are not suitable for their assigned positions. Therefore, the issue addressed by this researcher is why the placement of civil servants in high-level managerial positions and administrative managerial positions within the Mamberamo Raya Regency Government has not adhered to the principles of good governance. The aim of this research is to apply the principles of good governance, namely accountability, transparency, and adherence to legal regulations, in the placement of high-level managerial positions and administrative managerial positions within the Mamberamo Raya Regency Government. The research approach employed is Qualitative Descriptive. Data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings indicate that out of the three focuses used, namely accountability, transparency, and adherence to legal regulations, the principles of transparency and adherence to legal regulations have not been fully implemented. This is because loyalty and closeness to the leadership become one of the means or reasons and considerations in the decision-making process of appointing individuals to positions, both in high-level managerial positions and administrative managerial positions. The Job and Rank Deliberation Body, as well as its membership (BAPERJAKAT), only provides input, suggestions, and considerations in the appointment process, while the final decision lies solely with the regional head. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license Corresponding Author: Isak Bonai Sekolah Pascasarjana Megister Terapan Studi Pemerintahan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 652, "width": 212, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jatinangor [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 694, "width": 92, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 711, "width": 452, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "InIn the current era of globalization and reform, there is strong pressure from the public for government administration to be carried out by clean, professional and transparent officials", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1482 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 453, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(good governance). Citizens' demands for the implementation of good governance are to increase human resources (HR) who are able to observe various paradigm changes due to developments in the strategic environment. As stated by Engriani (2012), the expected government apparatus, among other things, is characterized by prioritizing the principles of good governance, accountability, transparency, openness and the rule of law which can be the basis of good governance, obeying the principles of governance and respecting the laws that encourage the creation of good governance ( good governance).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 453, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In accordance with the mandate of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning State Civil Apparatus and Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants is implemented based on merit system, where the career development of State Civil Apparatus is carried out on the basis of qualifications, competencies, performance assessments and the needs of government agencies by considering integrity and morality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 303, "width": 453, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Changes in leadership, limited apparatus resources, motivation, and conflicts of interest are suspected as causes of mismatches in managerial position placement. Apart from that, there are also obstacles that come from outside, such as intervention, lack of independent institutions and social conditions in society. As an effort to realize an democratic system of quality service or excellent service, the system for placing civil servants must be oriented towards a good governance system.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 393, "width": 452, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this research, the researcher tries to trace the considerations used in placing State Civil Apparatus in a managerial position in the Mamberamo Raya Regency Government as study material for writing a thesis with the title \"Application of good governance in Appointments to State Civil Apparatus Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency\". It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute ideas and ideas for improving the management of State Civil Service resources, especially within the Greater Mamberamo Regency Government.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 498, "width": 452, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Mamberamo Raya Regency Government as the recipient of authority realizes good government governance. With the existence of Law Number 19 of 2007 concerning the Establishment of the Greater Mamberamo Regency, it is mandatory to pay attention to the acceleration of development and public services towards prosperity and development of Human Resources (HR), which is a benchmark for the progress of a district and becomes the target point for the region's progress.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 588, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In general, Papua Province, especially Mamaberamo Raya Regency, has not performed well in complying with the principles of applicable laws and regulations, relating to the placement of managerial positions in the government bureaucracy, politically structured is more dominant in determining the organizational structuring cabinet in managerial positions that occurs in the government bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 453, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The facts explain that the place of refuge for the State Civil Apparatus of the Republic of Indonesia is under the auspices of the State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN)/BKN RI/KEMENDAGRI and KEMENPAN RB RI. In fact what happens is that the State Civil Apparatus only becomes victims in the world of politics, at the level of managerial officials in major high leadership positions. , middle high leadership positions,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1483 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 453, "height": 120, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pratama high leadership positions, administrator positions and supervisory positions where every regional head election the State Civil Apparatus inevitably becomes a political victim because the regional head's success team also takes part in determining managerial positions in the government bureaucracy. With his style, the regional head uses his prerogative rights as if confirming the existence of these rights and seemingly without considering the applicable laws and regulations so that the State Apparatus Commission (KASN)/BKN RI/KEMENDAGRI and KEMENPAN RB RI do not have the courage to reprimand regional heads in their position placement. State Civil Apparatus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 228, "width": 453, "height": 165, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The real conditions that occur in Mamberamo Raya Regency, the placement of managerial positions does not refer to applicable procedures and does not pay attention to job analysis, workload analysis, position maps, employee nominatives and ranking lists to place State Civil Apparatus in the field of knowledge in these positions. In an effort to improve the quality of services on the government's journey towards good governance, it is necessary to eliminate personal interests above group interests, meaning that the life of an independent and sovereign country does not necessarily mean personal political interests that eliminate social justice for all Indonesian people, bureaucracy has a role and an important function of carrying out life in a country, where the large influence of political power causes the bureaucracy to not work professionally due to strong political tensions, making the bureaucracy barren in government.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 393, "width": 452, "height": 120, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research aims to conduct an assessment to study and analyze how a government is organized, managed and operates in order to achieve specified goals. Want to analyze the implementation of good governance as seen from the principles of accountability, transparency, openness and the rule of law in the placement of ASN in Managerial Positions within the Greater Mamberamo Regency Government. Want to evaluate the obstacles faced in implementing good governance in terms of the principles of accountability, transparency, openness and the rule of law regarding the placement of ASN in Management Positions within the Greater Mamberamo Regency Government.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 513, "width": 452, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Through this research, an analysis of existing government policies and procedures can be carried out, so that weaknesses and errors that need to be corrected can be identified. The results of this research can be used to provide recommendations and implement changes that can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of government regarding the implementation of good governance in the appointment of managerial positions to the State Civil Apparatus in Mamberamo Raya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 618, "width": 54, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 635, "width": 453, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research uses a qualitative approach and has descriptive research objectives. The data collection process is through observation, literature review, and in-depth interviews. Necessary data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Primary data is needed to support research results so that they are more accurate in expressing facts empirically obtained from interviews with predetermined informants. Secondary data was obtained from search results from various sources in the form of underlying Decrees and Regulations as well as several studies that have been carried out", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1484 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 452, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "by previous researchers. Secondary data is research data obtained indirectly through intermediary media or obtained and recorded by other parties.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 102, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis Techniques", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this research, researchers used qualitative data analysis. Data analysis is a part of the research process that is useful in solving problems. According to Bogdan in Sugiyono (2012: 88) states that data analysis is the process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes and other materials, so that it can be easily understood, and the findings can be informed to other people.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 228, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data analysis is carried out by organizing data, describing it into units, synthesizing it, arranging it into patterns, choosing what is important and what will be studied, and making conclusions that can be shared with others. Every research requires criteria to see the degree of confidence in the research results. In this research, testing the validity of qualitative research method data was carried out using triangulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 318, "width": 157, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 334, "width": 452, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The implementation of good governance in the placement of ASN in a managerial position at JPTP and JA can be seen from Aspects of Accountability, Transparency, Openness and Rule of Law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 379, "width": 452, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Accountability With the issuance of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government, which has now become Law Number 23 of 2014, has changed the regional government accountability mechanism. The accountability mechanism used in Law Number 32 of 2014 is considered to not reflect transparency accountability, openness and the rule of law in regional government accountability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 470, "width": 452, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Because of this, in Government Regulation Number 3 of 2007 concerning Reports on the Implementation of Regional Government to the Government, Accountability Reports of Regional Heads to the Regional People's Representative Council and Information Reports on the Implementation of Regional Government to the Community, it is emphasized that the implementation of regional government accountability uses the principles of accountability, transparency, openness and rule of law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 560, "width": 453, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In placing ASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions, the principle of Accountability according to Article 20 of Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning ImplementationA State that is Clean and Free from Collusion, Corruption and Nepotism is a principle that determines that every activity and final result of the activities of state administrators together can be accounted for by the community or people as the holder of the highest sovereignty of the state in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations, including:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 650, "width": 278, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Honesty Accountability (accountability for probability)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 665, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Honesty is very important, in accordance with the theory put forward by Eysenck (in Pervin, Cervone, and John, 2010) which states that people who have a tendency to be wise, trustworthy, responsive and leadership are a personality type that has a tendency tohigh in trait responsibility, sociability, and risk taking. The tendency of these characteristics is in accordance with the indicators in looking at integrity, especially in an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1485 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ASN, namely honesty in providing services, priority to the profession of being an ASN which is shown by a responsive attitude in providing services, an attitude of wisdom in duty which is shown through a firm attitude towards community service ( Indonesian State Administration Institute, 2009 in Pratama and Supriyadi, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 168, "width": 132, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Process accountability", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 453, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The procedure for placing State Civil Servants in a JPTP and JA Managerial Position has several stages that must be implemented according to the rules, and the placement of ASN in a JPTP and JA Managerial Position aims to have equal opportunities, and be able to select positions that are in accordance with their abilities and work performance. that has been achieved by Civil Servants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So thatFrom the discussion it can be concluded that the placement of ASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency, if they are involved in the process, has shown the existence and absence of accountability, in terms of equal rights for every State Civil Apparatus in Mamberamo Raya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 318, "width": 260, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Program accountability (program accountability).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 452, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As a condition for placing ASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions, Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 concerning amendments to government regulation number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants concerning Management of Civil Servants. Among several requirements, of course, you must be actively involved in encouraging all ASN in the Greater Mamberamo Regency environment to increase their capacity to become Managerial Leaders in Primary High Positions and Administrators.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 423, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AppointmentASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency has been implemented based on Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants, although there are shortcomings, some of them are still referred to and are mandatory in the future based on qualifications, competencies, performance and others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 498, "width": 231, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Policy accountability (policy accountability)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 513, "width": 452, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accountability is a manifestation of the obligation to take responsibility for the success or failure of implementing the organization's mission in achieving the goals that have been set through the medium of accountability which is carried out periodically.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 558, "width": 453, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So in this case, the Regional Government of Greater Mamberamo Regency has an obligation to provide an accountability report in placingASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions as regulated in the Law, so that cannot be seen from the definition of good governance according to Sedarmayanti (2004)This is that if we look at the contents of regional government accountability then it can be seen that what is shown isthe success of what has been successfulcarried out by the Regency Government while very few failures in implementing activities emerged.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 663, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Transparency", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Transparency in the implementation of good governance in regional governments in principle requires public openness of regional governments in the process of making decisions or policies or reports in placing ASNs in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions so that the public can know, review and provideinput and supervise ASN assigned to certain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1486 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 452, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "positions. Transparency will ultimately create horizontal accountability between the government and the community so that good governance can be realized in the regions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 138, "width": 70, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Openness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 452, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The principle of openness, in government administration. The principle of openness requires the government to actively provide information to the public about a request or a government action plan and requires the public to provide an explanation of what is requested. Open government allows community participation in decision making. Besides thatThe principle of transparency requires the government to announce every government decision.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 243, "width": 76, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Rule of law", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 453, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "WithImplementation of good governance in Appointments to Managerial Positions in State Civil Apparatus, application of good governance principles in appointments to ASN managerial positions is very important to ensure accountability, transparency and openness in the process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 318, "width": 150, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Educational qualifications", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Have the required qualifications and level of educationEducation will basically support the implementation of duties in one's position in a professional manner, especially in efforts to apply the theoretical framework, analysis and methodology for carrying out duties in one's position.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 393, "width": 452, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the research results, employee placement in JPTP and JA is actually one of the requirements, but the implementation of Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 concerning amendments to government regulation number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants regarding management of State Civil Apparatus for education has not yet been fully implemented. It can be seen that there are still things that are not appropriate even though the level of educational conformity has reached 70%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 483, "width": 120, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Position Experience", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 498, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "When the researcher made observations there was a case regarding the suitability of a State Civil Apparatus in occupying a JPTP and JA Managerial Position in the Greater Mamberamo Regency Government which, seen from the experience of a State Civil Apparatus, could be said to be appropriate according to the applicable regulations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 558, "width": 453, "height": 120, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Thus, it is considered worthy of consideration to be appointed to the JPTP and JA Managerial Position because they have sufficient experience in the position.Besidesall requirements and factors contained in PP Number 11 of 2020. Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 concerning amendments to government regulation number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants concerning Management of Civil Servants, there are also requirements that need to be considered for ASN who will occupy The Managerial Position of JPTP and JA is that a candidate for State Civil Apparatus collects the correct administrative requirements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 678, "width": 117, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Work performance", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 693, "width": 452, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the research results, the ASN work performance assessment process has gone well, because the assessment has been completedheldin accordance with applicable regulations and based on objective, measurable, accountable, participatory and transparent", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1487 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 452, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "principles and each work unit has archived the work performance assessment documents of each ASN in its environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 138, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Competence", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 453, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on research results, the technical competence of the State Civil Apparatus is used as a reference in placement in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions. Then in carrying out autonomyThe regional role of government officials who have competence is very important because they are referred to as servants of the state as well as servants of the community. Obstacles faced in the principles of implementing good governance in the appointment of ASN managerial positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 452, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regional Government Accountability is implemented based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Government Regulation Number 3 of 2007 concerning Reports on the Implementation of Regional Government to the Government, Accountability Reports of Regional Heads to the Regional People's Representative Council, and Information Reports on the Implementation of Regional Government to the Community , experiencing changes in the mechanisms and material substance regarding regional government accountability. Delivery of responsibilities in placing ASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in accordance with applicable laws.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 452, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Regent and Deputy Regent of Mamberamo Raya Regency received support from political parties when participating in the general elections, which currently these political parties consist of elements from factions in the DPRK of Mamberamo Raya Regency which are extensions of political parties that receive vote support from community in the 2021 General Election. The supervisory function in placing ASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions is difficult for each member to carry out (in coordination with the factions) in providing attitudes and response materials that are clearly different, relatively unequal in accordance with the political perceptions outlined by the party as its parent organization .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 483, "width": 453, "height": 165, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the discussion of placing ASNs in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions carried out by regional heads, regarding certain matters in reality there are often attitudes and opinions that are full of political nuances and interests which are packaged in a camouflaged and veiled attitude so that there is often a kind of lack of transparency in the process. Placing ASNs in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions is a problem that is actually a technical problem, but because there is suspicion or concern that the problem will escalate into a political problem, it could then happen that decision making regarding the problem has more of a political element so that many of the formations that have been determined are assessed. not in accordance with competency requirements, this is in accordance with research conducted by Akmaluddin (2008), that there is no openness or transparency in the selection process for JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To make this happen in the implementation of accountability and transparency in daily public administration, according to the Secretary of BKPSDM Raya Mamberamo Regency DDD, there are several things that need to be considered when placing ASN in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 708, "width": 446, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "l) The condition of society is apathetic towards supervision because so far the government needs to make special efforts to encourage public curiosity about this", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1488 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 108, "width": 425, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "information data. For this reason, it is necessary to actively disseminate information to all components of society, not only by opening public access to information but also by choosing the media used to disseminate information.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 153, "width": 446, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) The substance/information material disseminated really depends on the intended target segment. The information needed by ordinary people is very different from that needed by organizations, especially organizations/OKP that have political interests, non-governmental organizations, academics and DPRD members.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In implementing the principles of accountability and transparency in placing ASN in certain JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Greater Mamberamo Regency, indications are thatAs stated by the Secretary of the BKPSDM of Greater Mamberamo Regency, it can be seen that the information on placing ASN in certain JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency is not really the main focus of the Regional Government.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 288, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Apart from that, a problem that is quite prominent is the large number of ASN placements in certain JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency which are not in accordance with their scientific fields so that in carrying out their main duties and functions there are still many JPTP and JA Managerial Positions who need time to study and adapt themselves to main duties and functions as stated by the BBB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 452, "height": 120, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Placement of State Civil Apparatus in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions or is the assignment of duties and responsibilities to State Civil Apparatus who have fulfilledrequirements to occupy a JPTP and JA Managerial Position in accordance with applicable regulations. Procedures for placing State Civil Servants in JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency are regulated in Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning State Civil Servants and Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants Civil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 483, "width": 452, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The placement of JPTP Managerial Officials and JA Officials which has been carried out in Mamberamo Raya Regency can be said to have not fully implemented the principle of the right man on the right place. One of the ways this is demonstrated is the absence of open competition between State Civil Servants to occupy JPTP and JA Managerial Positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 558, "width": 453, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A State Civil Servant cannot be appointed to a JPTP and JA Managerial Position without the background and supporting factors for his placement. FactorWhat must be taken into account when placing JPTP and JA Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency is compliance with applicable regulations, meaning that the requirements in these regulations must be met, and the most important requirements that must be met are Education, Rank/Goals and Experience. State Civil Servants who will be placed in a JPTP and JA Managerial Position must have the required criteria. If they do not fulfill the requirements referred to in the civil service principles required for a JPTP and JA Managerial Position, then the State Civil Apparatus cannot be placed in that position.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 693, "width": 452, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Other factors that are taken into account are education, rank/class and experience throughout a career as a State Civil Servant who will occupy the Managerial Positions of JPTP and JA who have the intended and necessary qualifications and criteria. Even though", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1489 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 453, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "it is one of the main factors, it is not explained more specifically what the qualifications and level of education, rank/class and experience in question are, only mentioning the background that is the priority for the position, citing the limited human resources available. Other factors that are taken into consideration are education and training (training), as well as work experience. From the results of the interviews, the placement of State Civil Apparatus in a JPTP and JA Managerial Position in the Greater Mamberamo Regency Government Environment is inseparable from being full of political promises, being close to power or relatives and the demand for native children from the region to become masters of their own country.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 243, "width": 452, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regional government efforts related to the principles of implementing good governance in the appointment of ASN managerial positions:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 273, "width": 253, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Opening of vacancies openly and transparently", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 288, "width": 239, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Objective and Competitive Selection System", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 303, "width": 225, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Involvement of Independent Third Parties", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 318, "width": 217, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Competency Training and Development", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 333, "width": 233, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Performance Evaluation and Accountability", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 348, "width": 453, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "By implementing these steps, it is hoped that regional governments can ensure that the appointment of ASN managerial positions is carried out properly in accordance with applicable regulations and the principles of good governance, accountability, transparency, openness & rule of law. law), according to Sedarmayanti, (2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 423, "width": 80, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 453, "height": 300, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The application of the principles of good governance in the appointment of ASN managerial positions is very important, in terms of the aspects of accountability, transparency, openness and the rule of law, it has not yet demonstrated the creation of the principle of The Right Man on The Right Place, the selection and placement process for public positions. Even though there are various obstacles such as nepotism, non- transparency, limited resources, resistance, lack of awareness, as well as political factors and personal interests, efforts to overcome these obstacles must be made so that the system for appointing ASN managerial positions can run well and with integrity. Strong commitment from local governments and stakeholders is important in ensuring that the principles of good governance are followed at every stage of the process of appointing ASN managerial positions. Education and awareness of the importance of good governance also need to be improved to create a culture that supports integrity and professionalism in a bureaucratic environment. Thus, it is hoped that the implementation of good governance in the appointment of ASN managerial positions can improve the quality of public services and strengthen public trust in the government bureaucracy in Mamberamo Raya Regency. The obstacles faced by the implementation of good governance in appointing ASN managerial positions are as follows: Nepotism and Collusion: The practice of nepotism and collusion is still an obstacle in appointing ASN managerial positions, where personal or group interests can defeat the qualifications and competence of the candidate. Non- transparency of speculation and doubt regarding objectivity and fairness in determining", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 35, "width": 272, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Scientia Journal Volume 13, Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.58471/scientia.v13i02 ESSN 2723-7486 (Online) https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 759, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Good Governance In Appointments To State Civil Apparatus Positions In Mamberamo Raya Regency – Isak Bonai et.al 1490 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 453, "height": 300, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "selected candidates. Limited Resources and Technology: Local governments may face limited human resources, technology and budget to implement an optimal selection process and ensure integrity in the appointment of ASN managerial positions. Internal and External Resistance: Resistance from internal, such as employees who are used to old practices, or from external, such as parties who feel disadvantaged by policy changes, can be an obstacle in implementing the principles of good governance. Lack of awareness and education: Lack of awareness of the importance of good governance principles and lack of education regarding the regulations and procedures that apply in appointing ASN managerial positions can make effective implementation difficult. Political Factors and Personal Interests: Political interference or personal interests from officials or related parties can influence the selection process and hinder the implementation of good governance in the appointment of ASN managerial positions. To overcome these obstacles, seriousness and strong commitment are needed from local governments and related stakeholders to make changes that support the implementation of good governance in appointments to managerial positions. The placement of ASNs in certain JPTP Managerial Positions and Managerial Administrator Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency tends to be subjective so the placement of ASNs needs to be reviewed in accordance with applicable legal regulations. The lack of supervision by KASN/BKN RI/KEMENGAGRI and KEMENPAN RB RI in evaluating the placement of JPTP and JA ASN Managerial Positions in Mamberamo Raya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 423, "width": 70, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 64, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regulations:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 383, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2023 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 453, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. 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[ { "left": 162, "top": 59, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JAGROS Journal of Agrotechnonogy and Science", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 76, "width": 183, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan sains Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Garut P ISSN : 2775-0485 , E ISSN : 2548-7752", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 132, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelimpahan Serangga Musuh Alami dan Polinator di Pertanaman Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) di Kecamatan Sucinaraja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 181, "width": 399, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abundance of Natural Enemy Insects and Polinators in Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Plantations in Sucinaraja District", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 223, "width": 366, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Julia Cahya Lutfia Rahman 1* ; Siti Syarah Maesyaroh 1 ; Jenal Mutakin 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 238, "width": 416, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Garut Jl. Prof. K.H. Cecep Syarifudin d/h Jl. Raya Samarang No. 52A, Mekarwangi, Kec. Tarogong Kaler, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat 44151", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 277, "width": 152, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 315, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 428, "height": 257, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengelolaan agroekosistem yang kurang terawat dapat mempengaruhi keberadaan serangga hama sehingga dapat mempengaruhi budidaya sacha inchi. Dalam upaya menekan serangga hama, maka serangga yang berguna seperti musuh alami dan serangga penyerbuk harus dikelola keberadaannya di agroekosistem sacha inchi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan serangga musuh alami dan polinator pada tanaman sacha inchi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Tegalpanjang, Kecamatan Sucinaraja Kabupaten Garut dari bulan Desember 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif,untuk mengitung sampel sesuai pengamatan. Pemasangan perangkap yellow trap sebanyak 12 trap pengamatan secara langsung di lahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 6 jenis serangga dari 2 ordo diantaranya ordo Coleoptera seperti kumbang koksi, kumbang sayap jaring, kumbang selam, kumbang emas dan kumbang juni eropa, ordo Diptera seperti lalat berkaki panjang, sedangkan musuh alami yang terperangkap yellow trap terdapat 7 jenis serangga dari 2 ordo diantaranya ordo Hyminoptera seperti lebah anggrek hijau, tawon parasitoid melayang, tawon pengoles lumpur berkaki panjang, tawon bergaris lima, tawon ichneumonid dan ordo Lepidoptera seperti kupu-kupu merak abu dan ngengat harimau. Dimana kelimpahan tertinggi serangga musuh alami dari Ordo Diptera yakni lalat berkaki panjang dengan nilai persentase kelimpahan 4,01% sedangkan kelimpahan tertinggi serangga polinator dari ordo Lepidoptera yakni ngengat harimau dengan nilai persentase kelimpahan 39,17%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 630, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : agroekosistem, kelimpahan, sacha inchi, serangga, yellow trap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 676, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Poorly maintained agroecosystem management can affect the presence of insect pests which can affect sacha inchi cultivation. In an effort to suppress insect pests, their presence in the Sacha Inchi agroecosystem must be managed, such as natural enemies and pollinators. This research aims to determine the abundance of natural enemy insects and pollinators on sacha inchi plants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 425, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al. Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 428, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research was carried out in Tegalpanjang, Sucinaraja District, Garut Regency from December 2023 to January 2024. This research used descriptive quantitative methods, to calculate samples according to observations. Installation of 12 yellow trap traps for direct observation on the research land. The results of the research showed that there were 6 types of insects from 2 orders including the order Coleoptera such as koksi beetles, net wing beetles, diving beetles, golden beetles and European June beetles, the order Diptera such as long-legged flies, while the natural enemies trapped in yellow traps were 7 types of insects from 2 orders include the order Hyminoptera such as green orchid bees, hovering parasitoid wasps, long- legged mud dauber wasps, five-striped wasps, ichneumonid wasps and the order Lepidoptera such as ash peacock butterflies and tiger moths. Where the highest abundance of natural enemy insects from the Diptera order is long-legged flies with an abundance percentage value of 4.01%, while the highest abundance of pollinator insects from the Lepidoptera order is tiger moths with an abundance percentage value of 39.17%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 319, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: agroecosystem, abundance, sacha inchi, insects, yellow trap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 342, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 369, "width": 428, "height": 126, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Serangga mempunyai jumlah terbesar dari seluruh spesies yang ada dibumi dan mempunyai berbagai macam peranan dan keberadaannya ada dimana-mana, selain dari itu serangga pun dapat tertarik pada tumbuhan-tumbuhan baik untuk makanan maupun sebagai tempat tinggal (Haneda et al., 2023). Dalam pengelolaan tanaman budidaya salah satu permasalahannya yaitu adanya serangan serangga hama. Semakin banyak serangga yang berasosiasi pada tanaman baik itu bersifat sebagai serangga hama maupun musuh alami akan menimbulkan kerugian besar terhadap hasil petani (Kristiaga et al., 2020). Pengelolaan tanaman secara terpadu mampu menekan proporsi serangga dan mempertahankan proporsi musuh alami (Bahri, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tanaman sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) merupakan tanaman introduksi (Soetjipto, 2023). Biji sacha inchi merupakan sumber minyak yang baik (35–60%) dan protein (27%) dan mengandung zat tahan panas dengan rasa pahit (Cardenas et al., 2021). Minyak sacha inchi ditandai terutama dengan asam lemak esensial tingkat tinggi (Rahim, 2023). Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) adalah tanaman tahunan (Goyal et al., 2022) yang sifat pohonnya menjalar. Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) juga seperti tanaman lain dalam penyerbukannya banyak dibantu oleh serangga. Pembudidayaan sacha inchi belum banyak dilakukan oleh para petani khususnya di Indonesia (Kemendikbud, 2022). Namun terdapat permasalahan dalam teknik budidaya seperti pengelolaan agroekosistem yang kurang terawat dapat mempengaruhi keberadaan serangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelimpahan setiap serangga mempunyai kecenderungan yang berbeda pada suatu agroekosistem yang berkaitan dengan daya reproduksi dan adaptasi terhadap agroekosistem yang sesuai (Tiara, 2023). Kelimpahan setiap jenis serangga dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang menentukan berapa banyak jenis dan populasi serangga tersebut (Yudiawati et al., 2022). Serangga juga memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam agroekosistem pertanian dan memiliki peran yang mengutungkan serta merugikan (Nurfuadianti et al., 2023). Terdapat serangga yang berasosiasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 425, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al. Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan tanaman sacha inchi baik yang bersifat sebagai serangga yang merugikan yaitu hama maupun serangga yang menguntungkan yaitu musuh alami (predator dan parasitoid), serangga polinator atau sebagai penyerbuk bunga (Kristiaga et al ., 2020). Serangga predator merupakan serangga pemangsa serangga lain sehingga menyebabkan kematian. Serangga parasitoid merupakan serangga yang hidup menumpang dengan cara meletakkan telur ke dalam tubuh serangga inang hingga telur berkembang dan akan memakan tubuh inang tersebut. Adanya serangga predator dan parasitoid bertindak sebagai musuh alami yang dapat menekan populasi serangga hama dan mengurangi kemungkian kerusakan tanaman produksi (Muliani, 2022; Martuti dan Anjarwati, 2022). Sedangkan serangga polinator merupakan serangga yang berperan dalam perantara penyerbukan tanaman (Allifah et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengetahuan mengenai jenis dan peranan serangga pada tanaman sacha inchi penting untuk diketahui terutama hubungannya dalam teknik pengelolaannya. Serangga yang berguna seperti musuh alami harus dikelola keberadaannya di sekitar agroekosistem sacha inchi. Agroekosistem yang dibentuk diharapkan mampu menciptakan kondisi yang menguntungkan terhadap kehidupan musuh alami, sehingga mampu bekerja untuk menekan populasi inangnya (hama). Demikian pula keberadaan serangga penyerbuk dapat didorong lebih baik lagi, mengingat kehadiran serangga musuh alami dan serangga penyerbuk sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pembuahan sacha inchi. Berdasarkan uraian di atas diperlukan kajian tentang kelimpahan serangga musuh alami dan polinator di pertanaman sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) Di Kecamatan Sucinaraja Garut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metodologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2023 sampai Januari 2024 di pertanaman sacha inchi yang berlokasi di Desa Tegalpanjang Kecamatan Sucinaraja Kabupaten Garut. Alat- alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah botol transparan bekas ukuran 600 ml, kuas cat, plastik bening, gelang karet, ajir, kamera, alat tulis, lensa makro, buku borror, dan aplikasi picture insect. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cat kayu avian warna kuning, lem serangga (glumon) dan tanaman sacha inchi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif yaitu metode yang digunakan untuk meneliti populasi atau sampel tertentu dengan melakukan pengamatan berdasarkan fakta dilapangan yang diperoleh dari perhitungan kelimpahan serangga berdasarkan rumus Krebs. Pengumpulan data dengan mengoleksi spesimen serangga yang terperangkap pada yellow trap . Pengamatan secara langsung dilapangan dilakukan dengan mengambil serangga menggunakan pinset yang terperangkap pada perangkap yellow trap yang sudah di pasang di area sampel penelitian yang kemudian serangga diidentifikasi menggunakan lensa makro dan dicocokkan dengan aplikasi picture insect dan buku borror.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indeks kelimpahan serangga di pertanaman sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) yang tertangkap oleh yellow trap dihitung dengan meggunakan rumus Krebs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 45, "width": 54, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 70, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 100, "width": 395, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KRi = ∑ 𝑛𝑖 𝑁 × 100% ...(1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 135, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kri = Kelimpahan relatif (%) Ni = Jumlah total individu N = Jumlah semua individu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 219, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di pertanaman sacha inchi seluas 100 m 2 dengan panjang 10 m dan lebar 10 m. Tahapan pelaksanaan yaitu survei yang dilakukan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan lokasi pemasangan yellow trap pada lahan yang ditanami sacha inchi dengan memberi tanda sebagai titik lokasi pemasangan yellow trap sebanyak 12 trap. Perangkap dibuat dengan mempersiapkan botol bekas yang dicat warna kuning kemudian dikering anginkan. Pada saat pemasangan yellow trap botol dikemas dengan plastik bening dan dioleskan lem glumon. Pemasangan dilakukan dengan menancapkan ajir bambu dengan ketinggian 1,5 m dari permukaan tanah, kemudian botol perangkap diletakkan di ajir dan perangkap dipasang 12 trap di areal pertanaman sacha inchi seluas 100 m 2 dengan pola sejajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 268, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identifikasi Serangga Musuh Alami dan Polinator", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 432, "width": 428, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan di pertanaman sacha inchi selama 8 minggu dengan memasang perangkap yellow trap didapatkan jenis serangga yang terperangkap dari beberapa ordo. Hasil identifikasi serangga yang diperoleh di areal agroekosistem sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) dengan teknik yellow trap di Kecamatan Sucinaraja yang ditemukan adalah 13 jenis serangga dengan ordo sebanyak 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ordo-ordo tersebut ialah ordo Coleoptera diantaranya kumbang koksi, kumbang sayap jaring, kumbang selam, kumbang emas dan kumbang juni eropa, ordo Diptera yaitu lalat berkaki panjang, ordo Hyminoptera diantaranya lebah anggrek hijau, tawon parasitoid melayang, tawon pengoles lumpur berkaki panjang, tawon bergaris lima, tawon ichneumonid dan ordo Lepidoptera diantaranya kupu-kupu merak abu, ngengat harimau. Data pengamatan jumlah serangga selama 8 minggu pada yellow trap ditampilkan pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengamatan jumlah serangga musuh alami dan polinator yang ditemukan sebanyak 7386, jumlah serangga musuh alami di tanaman sacha inchi sebanyak 789, dan jumlah serangga pollinator di tanaman sacha inchi sebanyak 6597.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 428, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Serangga musuh alami yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu ordo Coleoptera sebanyak 493. Dari ordo Coleoptera jenis serangga yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu jenis kumbang sayap jaring. Kumbang sayap jaring merupakan spesies terbanyak yang ditemukan dari ordo Coleoptera yaitu sebanyak 136 tetapi serangga ini tidak lebih banyak dari serangga lalat buah berkaki panjang yang jumlah spesiesnya yaitu 296.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 45, "width": 54, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 70, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 362, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Identifikasi serangga pada tanaman sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L .)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 193, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: ni = Jumlah Individu dari Seluruh Jenis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Serangga musuh alami yang terjebak yellow trap di agroekosistem sacha inchi dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2. Sedangkan serangga polinator yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu ordo Hyminoptera sebanyak 3697. Dari ordo Hyminoptera jenis serangga yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu jenis lebah anggrek hijau. Lebah merupakan spesies terbanyak yang ditemukan pada agroekosistem sacha inchi dengan jumlah spesies 1741 yang terperangkap dan lebah tergolong ordo Hyminoptera yang jumlahnya paling banyak ditemukan dibandingkan ordo Lepidoptera yang jumlahnya 2900 yang terperangkap. Serangga polinator yang terjebak yellow trap di agroekosistem sacha inchi dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 122, "width": 485, "height": 441, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ordo Spesies Nama Lokal Pengamatan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ni Coleoptera Harmonia dimidiate Kumbang Koksi 9 6 5 7 0 53 26 22 128 Calopteron terminale Kumbang Sayap Jaring 8 8 16 17 28 24 24 11 136 Thermonectus basillaris Kumbang Selam 13 6 5 8 6 4 4 8 54 Charidotella sexpunctata Kumbang Emas 16 10 9 13 15 9 9 17 98 Phyllophaga Kumbang Juni Eropa 7 8 7 14 22 7 7 5 77 Diptera Condylostylus mundus Lalat Berkaki Panjang 71 33 19 25 44 31 44 29 296 Hyminoptera Euglossa dulemma Lebah Anggrek Hijau 71 249 261 232 266 267 206 189 1741 Diplazon laetatorius Tawon Parasitoid Melayang 22 41 113 176 168 62 168 92 842 Sceliphron caementarium Tawon Pengoles Lumpur 8 50 118 125 42 172 42 19 576 Myzinum quiquecinctum Tawon Bergaris Lima 36 33 49 34 38 16 38 32 276 Netelia Tawon Ichneumonid 52 26 41 28 30 28 30 27 262 Lepidoptera Junonia atlites Kupu-Kupu Merak Abu 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 7 Amata huebneri Ngengat Harimau 371 427 364 374 403 347 258 349 2893 Jumlah 686 898 1009 1055 1062 1020 856 800 7386", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 45, "width": 54, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 70, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Serangga musuh alami pada tanaman sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L .)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 250, "width": 393, "height": 210, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Serangga polinator pada tanaman sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L .) Ordo Spesies Nama Lokal Peran Hyminoptera Euglossa dulemma Lebah Anggrek Hijau Polinator Diplazon laetatorius Tawon Parasitoid Melayang Sceliphron caementarium Tawon Pengoles Lumpur Myzinum quiquecinctum Tawon Bergaris Lima Polinator Netelia Tawon Ichneumonid Lepidoptera Junonia atlites Kupu-Kupu Merak Abu Amata huebneri Ngengat Harimau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 429, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Serangga yang terjebak yellow trap pada pengamatan minggu kesatu sampai minggu kelima mengalami peningkatan jumlah serangga , sedangkan pada pengamatan minggu keenam sampai minggu ketujuh terjadinya penurunan dan pada pengamatan kedelapan mengalami peningkatan kembali. Terjadinya fluktuasi jumlah serangga pada setiap minggunya dikarenakan pengaruh teknik budidaya yang menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan jumlah serangga pada setiap pengamatannya. Hal itu karena pada minggu kesatu sampai minggu kelima kondisi lahan di pertanaman sacha inchi dalam kondisi rimbun yang menyebabkan pertambahan vegetasi (tanaman) sehingga populasi serangga meningkat karena kondisi tersebut sangat disukai oleh serangga musuh alami dan polinator. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan pendapat Kadja et al. (2023) yang mengemukakan bahwa keberadaan dan perkembangan serangga di lapangan sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi lingkungan yang mendukung seperti keberadaan vegetasi dan teknik budidaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 642, "width": 428, "height": 111, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pengamatan minggu keenam sampai ketujuh kondisi sacha inchi sudah dipangkas sehingga populasi serangga menurun karena kondisi makanan berkurang yang menyebabkan keberadaan serangga menurun, sedangkan pada minggu kedelapan kondisi sacha inchi mengalami pertumbuhan kembali yang menyebabkan tanamannya rimbun kembali sehingga mengalami peningkatan kembali. Keadaan vegetasi sangat mempengaruhi keberadaan serangga hal itu sejalan dengan pendapat Pramudi et al., (2022) yang menyatakan jika populasi serangga rendah tetapi dalam suplai makanan atau vegetasi yang melimpah maka populasi serangga akan tumbuh dan berkembang dengan meningkat cepat. Sebaliknya bila suplai makanan berkurang maka populasi serangga akan menurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 115, "width": 351, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ordo Spesies Nama Lokal Peran Coleoptera Harmonia dimidiate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 130, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kumbang Koksi", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 115, "top": 146, "width": 353, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Musuh Alami Calopteron terminale Kumbang Sayap Jaring Thermonectus basillaris Kumbang Selam Charidotella sexpunctata Kumbang Emas Phyllophaga Kumbang Juni Eropa Diptera Condylostylus mundus Lalat Berkaki Panjang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 425, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al. Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelimpahan Serangga Musuh Alami dan Polinator", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 428, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil data yang diperoleh, maka hasil perhitungan kelimpahan serangga musuh alami dan polinator pada agroekosistem sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) dengan teknik perangkap yellow trap disajikan pada Tabel 4. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan serangga polinator yang paling banyak ditemukan pada tanaman sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) dengan teknik yellow trap yaitu jenis serangga ngengat harimau dengan nilai 39,17% dan diikuti dengan lebah anggrek hijau 23,57, tawon parasitoid melayang 11,40%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 238, "width": 403, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Indeks kelimpahan serangga musuh alami dan polinator pada tanaman sacha inchi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 398, "height": 269, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Spesies ni ni/N Kri Harmonia dimidiate 128 0,02 1,73 Calopteron terminale 136 0,02 1,84 Thermonectus basillaris 54 0,01 0,73 Charidotella sexpunctata 98 0,01 1,33 Phyllophaga 77 0,01 1,04 Condylostylus mundus 296 0,04 4,01 Euglossa dulemma 1741 0,24 23,57 Diplazon laetatorius 842 0,11 11,40 Sceliphron caementarium 576 0,08 7,80 Myzinum quiquecinctum 276 0,04 3,74 Netelia 262 0,04 3,55 Junonia atlites 7 0,00 0,09 Amata huebneri 2893 0,39 39,17 N 7386 100 Keterangan: KRi = Indeks kelimpahan ni = Jumlah individu dari seluruh jenis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N = Jumlah seluruh individu dari seluruh jenis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 428, "height": 199, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Serangga musuh alami adalah serangga yang dapat memarasit, memangsa atau membunuh serangga hama pada tanaman sacha inchi. Sedangkan serangga polinator ialah serangga yang membantu penyerbukan bunga tanaman dalam hal ini adalah penyerbukan bunga pada tanaman sacha inchi. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan serangga yang ditemukan pada agroekosistem sacha inchi yakni berperan sebagai musuh alami dan polinator. Peran serangga sebagai musuh alami tidak sebanyak serangga polinator. Persentase serangga yang berperan sebagai polinator sebanyak 89,32% sedangkan serangga musuh alami sebanyak 10,68% yang ditemukan pada setiap pengamatan. Jika musuh alami dapat berperan sebagai pemangsa dengan optimal sejak awal, maka keseimbangan populasi antara hama dan musuh alami dapat terjaga, mencegah terjadinya ledakan populasi hama (Kristiaga et al., 2020). Pada tanaman yang penyerbukannya dibantu oleh serangga memiliki warna bunga mencolok tanaman yang menarik perhatian serangga. Nektar juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang mendukung datangnya suatu serangga polinator pada tanaman sacha inchi. Kehadiran serangga polinator seperti kupu-kupu, lebah dan ngengat sangat bermanfaat bagi tanaman utama budidaya. Manfaat yang didapatkan oleh tanaman utama adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 425, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al. Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serangga polinator yang berkunjung pada tanaman sacha inchi dapat melakukan penyerbukan tanaman (Damayanti et al., 2023). Peran positif lainnnya dalam agroekosistem pertanian dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman spesies lanskap mahluk hidup dalam agroekosistem (Tiara et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelimpahan berbagai jenis serangga di dalam Agroekosistem sacha inchi dipengaruhi oleh keadaan ekosistem itu sendiri. Semakin seimbang agroekosistemnya, semakin kompleks pula keberagaman makhluk hidup yang ditemui di dalamnya. Sejumlah musuh alami dan penyerbuk pada tanaman sacha inchi memegang peranan penting dalam Agroekosistem sebagai pengendali terhadap beberapa jenis hama yang menginfestasi tanaman tersebut dan juga sebagai perantara dalam proses penyerbukan. Dengan menjaga keseimbangan Agroekosistem, diharapkan keberadaan musuh alami dapat terjaga dengan baik di alam, sehingga mereka dapat berperan sebagai pengendali utama terhadap hama tanaman (Kristiaga et al., 2020). Selain dapat menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem, dengan adanya pengelolaan agroekosistem juga dapat menciptakan keseimbangan antara serangga musuh alami dan herbivora (Bahri, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 353, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 428, "height": 137, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada agroekosistem sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) di Kecamatan Sucinaraja Garut ditemukan serangga musuh alami yang terperangkap pada yellow trap terdapat 6 jenis serangga dari 2 ordo diantaranya ordo Coleoptera seperti kumbang koksi, kumbang sayap jaring, kumbang selam, kumbang emas dan kumbang juni eropa, ordo Diptera seperti lalat berkaki panjang, sedangkan musuh alami yang terperangkap yellow trap terdapat 7 jenis serangga dari 2 ordo diantaranya ordo Hyminoptera seperti lebah anggrek hijau, tawon parasitoid melayang, tawon pengoles lumpur berkaki panjang, tawon bergaris lima, tawon ichneumonid dan ordo Lepidoptera seperti kupu-kupu merak abu dan ngengat harimau. Dimana kelimpahan tertinggi serangga musuh alami dari Ordo Diptera yakni lalat berkaki panjang dengan nilai persentase kelimpahan 4,01% sedangkan kelimpahan tertinggi serangga polinator dari ordo Lepidoptera yakni ngengat harimau dengan nilai persentase kelimpahan 39,17%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis ucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Siti Syarah Maesyaroh, S.P., M.P. selaku Dosen Wali Kelas, pembimbing utama sekaligus sebagai Wakil Dekan 3 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut atas bimbingan dan arahannya selama penelitian dan penulisan berlangsung, juga kepada Bapak Encang Rohimin, S.P. pemilik lahan Sacha Inchi Desa Tegalpanjang Kecamatan Sucinaraja Kabupaten Garut yang telah bersedia memberikan tempat, serta arahan dan bimbingannya, juga kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu terselenggaranya kegiatan penelitian dan penulisan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Allifah, A. F., Asyik N., Farida, B., dan Nur, A.N. (2020). Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Serangga Polinator Pada Perkebunan Mentimun ( Cucumis sativus L.) Desa Waiheru Ambon. Jurnal Biology Science. 9(1): 26-34.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 425, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al. Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Altieri, M. A. (1991). Increasing Biodiversity to Improve Insect Pest Management in Agro Ecosystems. In Biodiversity of Microorganism and Invertebrates: Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture, ed DL Hawksworth , pp 165-182. Wallingford, Uk: Cabi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arkha, J., dan Eli, H. (2023). Aktivitas Farmakologi Tanaman Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.). 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Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.): An Emerging Source of Nutrients, Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Phytochemicals . Food Chemistry , 373 , 131459.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haneda, N. F., Kusmana, C., dan Naziah, S. M. S. (2023). Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga pada Berbagai Umur Tegakan Rhizophora mucronata yang Ditanam dengan Teknik Guludan di Muara Angke, Jakarta. Journal of Tropical Silviculture , 14 (01), 70-79.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herlin, W., Apriani, R., Maulana, A., dan Wesley, R. (2023, November). Keragaman Serangga yang Berada pada Gulma di Tanaman Aren ( Arenga pinnata ) Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, Ogan Ilir dan Musi Banyuasin. 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Diakses Pada Tanggal 10 Oktober 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 158, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (JAGROS)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 425, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahman, et. al. Vol. 8; No.2; 2024 Halaman 26 - 35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 791, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kristiaga, Z. C. J., dan Agastya, I. M. I. (2020). Kelimpahan Serangga Musuh Alami dan Serangga Hama pada Ekosistem Tanaman Cabai Merah ( Capsicum annum L.) pada Fase Vegetatif di Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan , 20 (3), 230- 236.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurniawati, N. (2015). Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Musuh Alami Hama pada Habitat Padi yang Dimanipulasi dengan Tumbuhan Berbunga. Diversity and Abundance of Natural Enemy of Pest at Manipulated Rice Habitat Using Flowering Plant. Ilmu Pertanian , 18 (1), 31- 36.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maesyaroh, S. S. (2016). Kelimpahan Serangga yang Berpotensi Sebagai Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Agroekosistem Wortel di Cikajang Kabupaten Garut. Jagros: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science) , 1 (1), 48-56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Martuti, N. K. T., dan Anjarwati, R. (2022). Keanekaragaman Serangga Parasitoid (Hymenoptera) di Perkebunan Jambu Biji Desa Kalipakis Sukorejo Kendal. Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , 45 (1), 1-8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muliani, I. Y. (2022). Parasitoid Dan Predator Pengendali Serangga Hama . CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurfuadianti, S., Sari, E. M., Zalfa, F. N., Dini, N., Yuliyani, R., dan Juharia, S. (2023, January). Serangga Hama dan Predator pada Tanaman Ubi Kayu ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) di Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. In Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal (Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 832-838).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 443, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pramudi, M. I., Soedijo, S., Rosa, H. O., dan Aphrodyanti, L. (2022). Dasar-Dasar Ekologi Serangga. Banyubening Cipta Sejahtera. Banjarbaru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 425, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rahim, G.S.B. 2023. Inventarisasi Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) di Kebun Percobaan Seameo Biotrop Bogor. Skripsi . Universitas IPB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ruslan, H., dan Andayaningsih, D. (2021). Kupu-Kupu Hutan Lindung, Suaka Margasatwa, Ekowisata, dan Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk . Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Nasional. Jakarta Utara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 570, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tiara, O. (2023). Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Artropoda Tajuk Tanaman pada Agroekosistem Cabai ( Capsicum annuum L.) dan Terong ( Solanum melongena L.) di Kabupaten Pringsewu, Lampung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 620, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yudiawati, E., Viranda, Y. O., dan Yelni, G. (2022). Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Tanaman Bawang Merah ( Allium ascalonicum L.) di Kabupaten Merangin. Jurnal Sains Agro , 7 (2), 124-135.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 116, "top": 113, "width": 396, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PERKEMBANGAN PENELITIAN DAN PUBLIKASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK SEJAK TAHUN 2018-2020", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 219, "top": 174, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Idah Wahidah 1 , Ami Afriyani 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 195, "width": 290, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Jurusan Administrasi Publik UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 206, "width": 292, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Pascasarjana Administrasi Publik FISIP Universitas Padjadjaran e-mail : [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 240, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima : 1 April 2021, Revisi : 20 Juny 2021 Disetujui : 25 Juny 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 271, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 302, "width": 400, "height": 227, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A study was conducted on the analysis of the trend analysis of research developments in the field of public administration with the keyword \"Public Service\" in 2018 - 2020. The study aims to determine: (1) the development of the number of international publications in the field of \"Public Service\" in the Sciencedirect database indexed by Scopus from 2018- 2020; (2) core journals in international publications with the keyword \"Public Service\"; (3) a map of the development of international publications on instrumentation research based on keywords (co-word) and based on the author (co-author). Data collection was carried out by searching through www.sciencedirect.com with categories, article titles, abstracts and keywords, in the period 2018-2020. Data in the form of the number of publications per year, journals containing articles in the field of Public service, authors, and subjects were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Meanwhile, the trend of the development of international publications in the field of public service was analyzed using the VosViewer software. The results showed that the development of the growth in the field of public administration with the theme of public service in 2018 - 2020 which was indexed in the highest Scopus occurred in 2020 which reached a difference of 999 publications from the previous year. The most international publications in the field of public service are published in the Journal of Cleaner Production with a total of 304 publications. The results of the research are based on keywords with the map of the development of the field of public services based on the word co-grouping into 10 clusters and the co-authors grouping into 13 authors who have the most networks", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 541, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Bibliometric; Publication; Journal; Sciencedirect; VosViewer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 575, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 586, "width": 400, "height": 148, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dilakukan kajian analisis tren perkembangan penelitian bidang administrasi publik dengan kata kunci “ Public Service ” tahun 2018 - 2020. Kajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perkembangan jumlah publikasi internasional bidang “ Public Service ” pada database Sciencedirect yang terindex Scopus dari tahun 2018 -2020; (2) jurnal inti dalam publikasi internasional dengan kata kunci “Public Service”; (3) peta perkembangan publikasi internasional penelitian bidang instrumentasi berdasarkan kata kunci ( co-word ) dan berdasarkan pengarang (co- author). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penelusuran melalui www.sciencedirect.com dengan katagori, judul artikel, abstrak, dan kata kunci, dalam kurun waktu 2018-2020. Data berupa jumlah publikasi pertahun, jurnal yang memuat artikel bidang Public service , penulis, dan subjek dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010. Sedangkan untuk tren perkembangan publikasi internasional bidang pelayanan publik dianalisis dengan menggunakan sofware VosViewer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan pertumbuhan bidang ilmu administrasi publik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan tema public service tahun 2018 - 2020 yang terindek di Scopus tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2020 yang mencapai selisih 999 publikasi dari tahun sebelumnya. Publikasi internasional bidang Public service terbanyak dipublikasikan pada Jurnal of Cleaner Production dengan jumlah 304 publikasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan kata kunci dengan Peta perkembangan bidang pelayanan publik berdasarkan co- word mengelompok menjadi 10 kluster dan co-author mengelompok menjadi 13 penulis yang memiliki network terbanyak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 204, "width": 365, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Bibliometrik; Publikasi; Jurnal; Sciencedirect; VosViewer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 226, "width": 104, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 261, "width": 401, "height": 464, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Paradigma administrasi publik telah membawa perubahan yang sangat signfikan pada berbagai aspek kehidupan . Old Pulic Administration sebagai paradigma pertama yang kemudian berubah menjadi New Public Administration , dan berubah menjadi New Public Management , yang kini administrasi publik dengan paradigma New Public Service .Perubahan paradigma administrasi publik ini sejalan dengan perubahan yang terjadi pada tatanan pemerintahan di seluruh negara, salah satunya pada aspek pelayanan publik. Pada era New Public Service (NPS) sakarang ini, pelayanan publik menjadi topik yang semakin menarik untuk dikaji. Mengingat perubahan paradigma administrasi publik yang menempatkan bahwa pelayanan publik sebagai kebutuhan dasar masyarakat yang harus di penuhi oleh pemerintah dengan mengedepankan prinsip-prinsip pelayanan publik. Dalam perkembangannya di era new publik service membawa pelayanan publik menjadi Layanan Publik yang mengharuskan pemerintahan melakukan kembali proses organisasi, struktur, dan aturan untuk membuka akses dan partisipasi bagi masyarakat dalam semua tahapan proses tata kelola. Pelayanan publik harus mengedepankan kontribusi langsung kepada warga masyarakat menjadi salah satu prinsip yang harus di lakukan oleh pemerintahan. Hal ini sejalan dengan berbagai perubahan seperti inovasi dan reformasi yang terjadi dalam pelayanan publik. Esensi suatu negara atau pemerintahan telah menerapkan good governnace dalat dilihat dari bagaimana proses pelayanan publik yang dijalankan. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip good governance sangat penting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 398, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalam melaksanakan pelayanan publik ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja dari pemerintahan itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 168, "width": 400, "height": 464, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelayanan publik oleh aparatur pemerintah dewasa ini masih banyak dijumpai kelemahan sehingga belum dapat memenuhi kualitas pelayanan publik yang diharapkan masyarakat. Hal ini ditandai dengan masih adanya berbagai keluhan masyarakat terkait dengan pelayanan publik yang disampaikan melalui media massa, pengaduan secara langsung kepada lembaga terkait serta aksi protes sehingga dapat menimbulkan citra yang kurang baik terhadap aparatur pemerintah. Mengingat fungsi utama pemerintah adalah melayani masyarakat maka pemerintah perlu terus berupaya meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan kemajuan dari teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pelayanan publik di berbagai negara mengalami kemajuan yang pesat. Perubahan sistem pemerintahan yang lebih baik di berbagai negara berdampak pula terhadap bagaimana pelayanan publik dilakukan dalam berbagai negara. Adanya inovasi-inovasi yang terjadi dalam dunia pemerintahan dan pelayanan publik, membawa dampak yang sangat besar sebagai upaya dari reformasi pelayanan publik. Seperti yang dikemukakan oleh (Osborne & Brown, 2005) Inovasi merupakan proses yang berbeda dengan penemuan dan melibatkan implementasi atau adaptasi pengetahuan baru. Yang kemudia ada tiga elemen yang terlibat seperti aktor (inovator), proses (berinovasi) dan hasil (inovasi). Elemen inti yang membedakan inovasi dari Perubahan bertahap adalah dampak dari diskontinuitas dalam proses perubahan, yang semuanya berkaitan dengan pelayanan publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 652, "width": 400, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan pelayanan publik yang kini menjadi kebutuhan dasar bagi setiap masyarakat baik individu maupun kelompok menuntut berbagai pembaharuan yang sejalan dengan apa yang masyarakat harapkan. Dalam hal ini bukan hanya inovasi saja yang sangat diperlukan untuk menjawab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "semua harapan dan tuntutan masyarakat melainkan banyak aspek yang harus diperhatikan oleh pemerintah untuk menghasilkan pelayanan publik yang prima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 188, "width": 400, "height": 423, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Publikasi ilmiah sangat diminati, sejalan dengan kebijakan yang mewajibkan dosen, peneliti, dan mahasiswa doktoral untuk mempublikasikannya di dunia internasional. Jurnal sebagai prasyarat untuk promosi dan kelulusan (Putera et al., 2020). Seperti dituliskan oleh Thomas 2019, SLR sangat baik dilakukan sebelum memulai penelitian baru untuk mempelajari penelitian sebelumnya juga untuk mengetahui kecenderungan penelitian dunia dalam sebuah topik tertentu, bisa mengidentifikasi penelitian lain yang serupa dalam topik tersebut; dan untuk memastikan kebaruan dari sebuah potensi penelitian baru (Fitria & Kadaria, 2019). Penelitian mengenai pelayanan publik telah banyak dilakukan di berbagai negara, namun dalam artikel ini penulis mencoba melakukan analisis bibliomatrik pada tema atau keyword pelayanan publik ( Public Service ) itu sendiri. Analisis bibliomatrik merupakan suatu pengetahuan yang didapatkan dengan cara evaluasi hasil penelitian ilmiah yang telah dipublikasi. Analisis bibliomatrik juga dapat mengkaji interaksi antara ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi; menghasilkan pemetaan bidang ilmu; menulusuri dan melacak perkembangan pengetahuan baru dalam bidang tertentu; serta merupakan indikator dimasa depan dalam memberikan keuntungan yang lebih kompetitif dalam membuat rencana strategis. Biasanya indikatir bibliomatrik ini dapat dihitung dalam periode waktu tertentu, (3-5 tahun biasanya).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 632, "width": 401, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi penelitian akan menjadi sangat siginikan dengan apa yang menjadi hasil dari data dan kegiatan yang dihasilkan penelitian (Tupan et al., 2018). Dalam artikel ini penulis menggunakan analsiis bibliomatrik menggunakan keyword Public Service ” dengan mengambil data dari database scopus melalui Scincedirect yang kemudian data tersebut di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "export dengan aplikasi mendeley serta vosviewer sebagai tools untuk menganalisis data tersebut. Penulis sebelum melakukan analisis bibliomatrik ini membuat beberapa protokol yang digunakan untuk mengambil database sehingga penelitian dengan analisis bibliomatrik ini fokus dengan protokol yang telah dibuat sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 229, "width": 401, "height": 219, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui sekaligus memberikan gambaran dan jawaban terhadap permasalahan : (1) bagaimana jumlah perkembangan penelitian yang telah dilakukan serta dipublikasi dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun yang berkaitan dengan tema “ Public Service ”. (2) bagaimana peta perkembangan publikasi internasional penelitian dalam bidang “public service” sebagai kata kunci. sehingga akan dihasilkan beberapa masukan atau rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang berkaitdan dengan tema Public Service di masa yang akan datang. Selain itu untuk artikel ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi peneliti di Indonesia, karena dapat dijadikan komparasi antara jurnal lokal di Indonesia dan jurnal interasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 468, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LANDASAN TEORITIS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 502, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bibliomatrics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 537, "width": 401, "height": 198, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada awalnya bibliometrik dan saintometrik diperkenalkan oleh Pritchard dan Nalimov dan Mulchencko pada tahun 1969. Pritchard mengatakan bibliometrik sebagai metode yang menggunakan matematika dan statistik terhadap buku dan media komunikasi lainnya. Nalimov and Mulchenko mengartikan saintometrik sebagai metode kualitatif yang berkenaan dengan analisis dari ilmu pengetahuan sebagai proses informasi (Glanzel, 2003). Kumar-Singh (2014) mengatakan saintometrik dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi hasil penelitian yaitu dengan cara menganalisis produktivitas penulis dan kutipan dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Saintometrik dapat digunakan untuk mengukur dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 401, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mendiskripsikan negara, universitas, lembaga penelitian, dan jurnal dari suatu topik penelitian. Perkembangan berikutnya dari bibliometrika adalah informetrika — berkaitan dengan media elektronik sehingga didalamnya menggunakan analisis statistik dari sistem teks ataupun hypertex, serta pengukuran informasi dari perpustakaan elektronik (Glanzel, 2003). Menurut Glanzel (2003) terdapat tiga komponen dari bibliometrik, yaitu: a) bibliometrics for bibliometricians , merupakan domain utama dari riset bibliometrika dan secara tradisional digunakan sebagai metodologi riset; b) bibliometrics for scientific disciplines", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 297, "width": 401, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( scientific information ), mengingat para peneliti bekerja berorientasi secara ilmiah maka ketertarikan mereka sangat kuat di bidang spesialisasinya dan memungkinkan adanya joint borderland dengan riset kuantitatif dalam penelusuran informasi; c) bibliometric for science policy and management (science policy ), merupakan domain dari evaluasi riset dalam berbagai topik penelitian .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 401, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis bibliometrik merupakan satu kajian analisis bibliografi kegiatan ilmiah, yang berbasis pada asumsi bahwa seorang peneliti melaksanakan penelitiannya dan harus mengkomunikasikan hasilnya pada teman sejawat. Hal ini akan memberikan kemajuan dan perkembangan pengetahuan jika peneliti melakukan kegiatan bersama untuk mengkaji topik penelitian khusus. Dalam penelitian tentunya membutuhkan informasi dari hasil karya ilmiah sebelumnya yang juga telah dilakukan oleh teman sejawat. Pada model klasik input-output untuk menjelaskan proses penelitian ilmiah dianjurkan adanya publikasi untuk menyajikan keluaran pengetahuan. Hampir semua publikasi dalam bentuk artikel dan karya monograf ilmiah maka dikenal sebagai pernyataan definitif atas hasil penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 693, "width": 401, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep ilmu pengetahuan yang terkandung dalam suatu dokumen terlihat melalui kata- kata (co-word) yang digunakan. Analisis co-word", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 96, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "didasarkan pada analisis co-occurrence kata atau kata kunci dari dua atau lebih dokumen yang digunakan untuk mengindeks dokumen (Diodato, 1994). Analisis co-word ditujukan untuk menganalisis isi, pola dan kecenderungan (trend) dari suatu kumpulan dokumen dengan mengukur kekuatan istilah (term) (De Looze & Lemarié, 1997)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 229, "width": 401, "height": 219, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam informasi yang tersedia secara rutin dan dapat diturunkan setelah publikasi karya tulis ilmiah tanpa berasumsi ketersediaan informasi tambahan seperti penggunaan dan kutipannya Analisis co-word digunakan untuk menghitung banyaknya kata kunci dari suatu dokumen penelitian yang muncul secara bersamaan pada artikel yang diteliti. Kata kunci ini ditentukan oleh penulis. Semakin banyak muncul kata kunci pada sekelompok dokumen yang telah ditentukan, semakin kuat hubungan antar-dokumen tersebut (Chen, 2013). Peta analisis co-word dari kata kunci merupakan peta yang didasarkan atas co-occurrence , istilah-istilah penting atau unik yang terdapat dalam artikel dan dapat dilihat judul atau abstraknya. Istilah ini diperoleh dari analisis subjek mewakili suatu konsep.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 468, "width": 401, "height": 219, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan kata kunci yang tidak distandarkan dapat menimbulkan istilah yang tidak seragam, dan untuk menstandarkannya perlu menggunakan tesaurus. Tesaurus merupakan daftar istilah yang mencakup satu bidang khusus sehingga istilah yang digunakan lebih spesifik. Tesaurus berbeda dengan daftar tajuk subjek yang biasanya bersifat umum dan mencakup semua bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Pengindeksan dengan menggunakan deskriptor diusahakan setiap mewakili konsep tunggal. Menstandarkan kata kunci dengan tesaurus bertujuan agar kata yang digunakan konsisten, sehingga hanya digunakan satu istilah untuk konsep yang diwakili dalam tulisan berbeda dan memiliki arti yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 196, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bibliometrik dengan VosViewer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 147, "width": 401, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VosViewer merupakan program komputer yang tersedia secara gratis untuk, memvisualisasikan, dan mengeksplor peta pengetahuan bibliometrik (Leydesdorff & Rafols,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 223, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2012). Kepanjangan VOS dalam VosViewer adalah Visualization of Similarities. Algoritma", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 401, "height": 178, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang digunakan dalam program ini hampir sama dengan Multi Dimentional Scalling (MDS). Kluster yang dihasilkan VosViewer secara otomatis ditampilkan berwarna dalam peta. Algoritma kluster beroperasi dengan sebuah parameter ( ɣ ) yang dapat diubah-ubah untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak atau lebih sedikit kluster. Densitas dan warna kluster dapat ditampilkan dengan VosViewer (Loet Leydesdorff a, 2012). VOSviewer dapat digunakan untuk membuat peta penulis atau jurnal berdasarkan data kutipan atau untuk membuat peta kata kunci berdasarkan data co- occurance (Van Eck & Waltman, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 476, "width": 401, "height": 259, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelebihan VosViewer dibanding aplikasi analisis yang lain yaitu program ini menggunakan fungsi text mining untuk mengidentifikasi kombinasi frase kata benda yang relevan dengan pemetaan dan pendekatan clustering terpadu untuk memeriksa jaringan co- citation data dan co- occurence (Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman, 2010). Meskipun banyak program untuk menganalisis unit teks dan kesamaan matriks, kelebihan VosViewer ada pada visualisasinya (Van Eck & Waltman, 2010). Pilihan dan fungsi interaktif program menjadikannya mudah diakses dan dieksplorasi jaringan data bibliometriknya, seperti jumlah kutipan atau hubungan co- occurence diantara istilah kunci dan konsep (Van Eck & Waltman, 2011; Waltman et al, 2010). Pemetaan merupakan sebuah proses yang memungkinkan seseorang mengenali elemen pengetahuan serta konfigurasi, dinamika, ketergantungan timbal-balik, dan interaksinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemetaan pengetahuan digunakan untuk keperluan manajemen teknologi, mencakup definisi program penelitian, keputusan menyangkut aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan teknologi, desain struktur basis pengetahuan, dan pembuatan program pendidikan dan pelatihan. Pemetaan ilmu pengetahuan merupakan metode visualisasi sebuah bidang ilmu. Visualisasi ini dilakukan dengan menciptakan peta lanskap. Dalam peta muncul topik dari ilmu pengetahuan. Masukannya adalah data bibliografis, keyword, dan sitasi (Sulistiyo-Basuki, 2001). Peta ilmu pengetahuan dapat dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga memperlihatkan pertumbuhan suatu bidang ilmu tertentu dan dapat membantu peneliti untuk menyusun program penelitianya sendiri (Sulistiyo-Basuki, 1989).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 208, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelayanan Publik ( Public service )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 386, "width": 401, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan pelayanan pada dasarnya menyangkut pemenuhan suatu hak, ia melekat pada setiap orang, baik secara pribadi maupun berkelompok (organisasi) dan dilakukan secara universal Hal ini seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Moenir (1995 : 41) bahwa: “hak atas pelayanan itu sifatnya sudah universal, berlaku terhadap siapa saja yang berkepentingan atas hak itu, dan oleh organisasi apapun juga yang tugasnya menyelenggarakan pelayanan” (Nurdin Ismail, 2019). Penciptaan nilai untuk penyampaian layanan publik sebagai dasar untuk reformasi layanan publik, mengeksplorasi peran manajer dan staf layanan serta warga dan pengguna layanan dalam proses penciptaan nilai ini, dan mengevaluasi implikasi dari kerangka baru ini. baik untuk manajemen strategis dan operasional penyelenggaraan layanan publik, manajemen kinerja mereka, serta pengembangan dan inovasi bentuk baru layanan publik. Dalam hal ini layanan publik senantiasa harus berubah dengan seiringan tuntutan dan perkembangan zaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 707, "width": 401, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Indonesia pelayanan publik telah di atur dalam (Undang-Undang Nomor 25, 2009), bahwa : “Pelayanan publik adalah kegiatan atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 401, "height": 321, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rangkaian kegiatan dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan pelayanan sesuai dengan peraturan perundangundangan bagi setiap warga negara dan penduduk atas barang, jasa, dan/atau pelayanan administratif yang disediakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik”. Adanya u ndang-undang nomor 25 tahun 2009 ini ditujukan untuk menjamin dan memberikan kepastian hukum bahwa segenap warga negara Indonesia berhak mendapatkan pelayanan publik sebaik-baiknya, serta mengatur hubungan antara masyarakat dengan penyelenggara pelayanan publik. Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi, Oleh karena itu partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelayanan publik akan menjadi sangat penting sehingga masyarakat bisa berperan mulai dari merumuskan kriteria pelayanan, cara pemberian pelayanan, mengatur keterlibatan masing-masing, mengatur mekanisme pengaduan masyarakat sampai dengan pengawasan dan evaluasi pelaksanaan pelayanan publik agar dapat secara bersama-sama membangun komitmen untuk menciptakan pelayanan publik yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 460, "width": 57, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 481, "width": 401, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan data publikasi internasional bidang kajian administrasi publik dengan tema pelayanan publik ( Public Service ) sebagai kata kunci yang digunakan untuk mengambil data dari www.sciencedirect.com yang terindex di www.Scopus.com data base.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 563, "width": 401, "height": 177, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelusuran pada data base ini menggunakan kata kunci Public service yang mana menghasilkan artikel sebanyak 57.216 artikel. Kemudian penulis melakukan limitation berdasarkan tahun terbit, dari tahun 2018-2020 sebanyak 7.733 artikel, berdasarkan type article , subject area serta acces type yang menghasilkan artikel sebanyak 114. Sementara, data berupa jumlah publikasi pertahun, jurnal yang memuat artikel dengan kata kunci public service, penulis dan subjek yang dianalisis menggunakan microsoft excel. Untuk tren perkembangan publikasi internasional dengan Keyword Public Service dianalisis menggunakan tools VosViewer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 147, "width": 95, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 182, "width": 400, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan jumlah hasil penelitian dan publikasi dengan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 202, "width": 61, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keyword", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 202, "width": 234, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Public Service ” berdasarkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 456, "top": 202, "width": 58, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "database", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 223, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.sciencedirect.com", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 257, "width": 401, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam perkembangannya selama kurun waktu tiga tahun, sejak tahun 2018-2020 hasil penelitian dan publikasi dengan menggunakan kata kunci “ Public Service ” mengalami tren peningkatan yang cukup signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 318, "width": 400, "height": 96, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari kurun waktu 3 tahun terakhir ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tahun 2020 tren publikasi dengan menggunakan kata kunci public servie meningkat dengan pesat hampir mencapai 1000 publikasi yang terindeks scopus pada situs www.scienceDirect.com . Ini menunjukan bahwa “Public Servic”e masih sangat diminati untuk dibahas dan dikaji oleh para peneliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 435, "width": 328, "height": 132, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. perkembangan jumlah publikasi dengan kata kunci “ Public Service ” o Tahun Publikasi Jumlah Publikasi 1 2018 2.726 2 2019 2.938 3 2020 3.937", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 329, "width": 365, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdsarkan hasil penelusuran dengan menggunakan kata kunci `` Public Service ” terdapat 7.733 jurnal yang telah dipublikasi di laman www.ScienceDirect.com yang terindex scopus. Namun penulis melakukan limatasi berdasarkan article type yang hanya menggunakan “ Research Article ” saja dalam penulisan artikel ini.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 431, "width": 365, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut beberapa artikel jurnal yang telah mempublikasi artikel dengan kata kunci “Public Service” dalam kurun waktu tahun 2018 - 2020 berdasarkan “Publication Title”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 507, "width": 338, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 : Jumlah Publikasi Dengan Menggunakan Kata Kunci “ Public Service ” Berdasarkan Judul Publikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 562, "width": 396, "height": 161, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Judul Publikasi/ Pulication Title Jumlah 1 Journal of Cleaner Production 304 2 Cities 248 3 Land Use Policy 245 4 Energy Policy 161 5 World Development 158 6 Government Information Quarterly 127 7 Habitat International 125", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 189, "top": 124, "width": 278, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u m l a h P u b l i k a s i D e n g a n M e n g g un ak a n K a t a K u n c i \" P u b l i c S e r v i c e \"", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 157, "top": 159, "width": 230, "height": 145, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 3,937 2,726 2,938 2018 2019 2020", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 145, "top": 113, "width": 368, "height": 370, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Sustainable Cities and Society 115 9 Social Science & Medicine 114 10 International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 113 11 Journal of Rural Studies 112 12 Science of The Total Environment 106 13 Geoforum 94 14 Children and Youth Services Review 94 15 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 83 16 Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 76 17 Procedia Computer Science 76 18 Journal of Business Research 73 19 Energy Research & Social Science 70 20 Journal of Environmental Management 68 21 Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 67 22 Utilities Policy 59 23 Transportation Research Procedia 58 24 European Journal of Political Economy 55 25 Research in Transportation Economics 53", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 504, "width": 401, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data base diatas, jumlah artikel yang terpublikasi dalam 25 judul publikasi ini merupakan keseluruhan artikel yang memuat dengan kata kunci “Public Service”, dalam judul publikasitergabung dalam beberapa disipline ilmu yang menggunakan tema besar nya dengan kata kunci “Public Service”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 620, "width": 396, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peta Perkembangan Publikasi Internasional Penelitian Dalam Bidang “Public Service” Sebagai Kata Kunci", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 675, "width": 401, "height": 55, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam menganalisis bagaimana perkembangan publikasi internasional dalam kajian administrasi publik dengan kata kunci ” Public Service ” penulis sebelumnya membuat suatu protokol yang ditetukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 198, "top": 433, "width": 43, "height": 84, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah data yang ada di ScienceD irect dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 289, "top": 438, "width": 130, "height": 60, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melakukan limitation berdasarka n tahun 2018-2020 Artikel yang terpilih dan relevan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 204, "top": 579, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "114", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 303, "top": 572, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "57.216", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 409, "top": 578, "width": 25, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7.733", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 401, "height": 218, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalam mengambil data yang bersumber dari www.sciencedirect.com yang terindex scopus. Langkah pertama adalah menentukan pemilihan artikel penelitian yang relevan dengan topik yang ingin di bahas. Data yang dugunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini merupakan kumpulan publikasi ilmiah mengenai Public Service” yang berasal dari www.sciencedirect.com yang terindex scopus. ScienceDirect ini merupakan situs web yang menyediakan akses ke database bibliografi besar publikasi ilmiah dan medis dari penerbit Belanda Elsevier. Database jenis publikasi yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini dibatasi pada artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2020 dengan menggunakan kata kunci “ Public Sevice ” untuk pengambilan data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 352, "width": 341, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1: Tahapan penentuan/protokol pengambilan data pada sciencedirect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 249, "top": 113, "width": 126, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 : List Penulis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 148, "width": 383, "height": 363, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Nama penulis/ Author Artikel/Dokumen Total Link Strength 1 Taylor, Owen 1 12 2 O’shaughnessy, Branagh 1 12 3 Wolf Judith 1 12 4 Tinland Aurelie 1 12 5 Kallmen Hakan 1 12 6 Bernad Roberto 1 12 7 Ornelas Jose 1 12 8 Bokszczanin Anna 1 12 9 Vargaz Moniz Maria 1 12 10 Santinello Massimo 1 12 11 Loundou Anderson 1 12 12 Loubiere sandrine 1 12 13 Auquier Pascal 1 12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 554, "width": 401, "height": 137, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melakukan penentuan tahapan pengambilan data, maka langkah selanjutnya adalah menganalisis artikel yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Diketahui bahwa artikel yang terpilih setelah dilakukan limitasi berdasarkan tahun terbit, tipe artikel dan subjek berjumlah sebanyak 214 artikel. Selanjutnya mengelompokan artikel yang terpilih berdasarkan keterkaitan antara penulis, dan perkembangan topik artikel dengan menggunakan aplikasi VosViewer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 401, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Analisis keterkaitan antara authors/penulisan berdasarkan data publikasi menggunakan kata kunci public service menggunakan aplikasi vosviewer.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 274, "top": 174, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2 : Network", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 401, "height": 75, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis diatas diketahui bahwa dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun terakhir penulis artikel penelitian dengan kata kunci Public service terdapat 13 penulis yang memiliki keterkaitan dan hubungan antar penulis dengan frekuensi terbesar. Berikut nama penulis/author tersebut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 562, "width": 401, "height": 136, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterkaitan antara penulis tersebut dapat menentukan bagimana artikel penelitian yang telah dipublikasi itu berkaitan antara satu orang penulis lainnya. Sebetulnya dari data yang diambil terdapat 413 penulis yang mempublikasi tulisannya, namun dalam hal ini frekuensi yang paling dominan dan memiliki keterkaitan yang sangat banyak terdapat 13 penulis. 13 penulis diatas merupakan 1 cluster yang memiliki dokumen dengan jumlah total link strength nya tertinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 397, "height": 34, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Analisis perkembangan publikasi berdasarkan kata kunci “Public Service”", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 154, "width": 400, "height": 402, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analiis berdasarkan kata kunci “Public Service”menghaslkan 10 cluster. Clsuter 1 berwarna merah yang berisikan bidang ilmu Finance, management, perception, structural racim, dan united state. Cluster 2 berwarna hijau berisikan bidang ilmu fertility, inequity, employment, child health, nigeria, conflict, resilient dan maternal health. Cluster 3 berwarna biru tua yang berisikan bidang ilmu descriminatin, uganda, greece, austerity, england, dan social capital. Cluster 4 berwarna kuning berisikan bidang ilmu denmark, general practice, balangdesh, etnography, health insurance, dan global health. Cluster 5 berwarna ungu yang berisikan bidang ilmu, community, rural, suicide dan UK. Cluster 6 berwarna biru muda yang berisikan bidang ilmu health equity, brazil, power, health policy, developing countries. Cluster 7 berwarna orange yang berisikan bidang ilmu mental illness, stigma, dissability, china, health, qualitative research, dan intersectionality. Cluster 8 berwarna coklat yang berisikan bidang ilmu india, population, agenda setting, dan inequality. Cluster 9 berwarna ungu muda yang berisikan bidang ilmu Europe, homelessness, health inegualities. Cluster 10 berwarna pink yang berisikan bidang ilmu governance, public health, dan scotland. Berikut hasil analisis perkembangan publikasi berdasarkan kata kunci dengan keterkaitannya dengan bidang ilmu satu dengan yang lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 577, "width": 401, "height": 96, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 3 dihasilkan 10 cluster dengan total item 74, links 181 dan total links strength sebanyak 191. Dari hasil analisis tersebut dapat di simpulkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun terakir tren publikasi berdasarkan kata kunci tertinngi dengan kaitannya bidang lain adalah bidang ilmu mental health yang berada dalam culster 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 159, "top": 113, "width": 306, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3 : Network Visualization Co-Occurance Keyword", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 381, "width": 64, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 415, "width": 401, "height": 321, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkembangan pertumbuhan bidang ilmu instrumentasi tahun 2018 - 2020 yang terindeks Scopus jumlah publikasi kurun waktu terakhir menunjukan kenaikan yang signifikan. Pada tahun 2020 jumlah publikasi meningkat berkisar 1000 publikasi. Kenaikan setiap tahunnya publikasi dengan kata kunci “Public Service ini menunjukan bahwa bidang ilmu kajian public service ini memang banyak diminati oleh peneliti serta urgent untuk di kaji lebih dalam. Tren publikasi artikel public service juga memberikan gambaran mengenai judul publikasi yang sangat banyak berjumlah 15 judul publikasi. Topik penelitian mengenai public service telah banyak diterbitkan dalam bebrapa jurnal. Hasil analisis menympulkan bahwa tren perkembangan publikasi internasional dengan kata kunci public service dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun terakhir terdapat 13 penulis yang memiliki strengt network antar penulis. Co-Occurance mengenai topik artikel ini menggambarkan topik yang saling keterkaitan terbag menjadi 10 cluster dengan bidang lain “Mental Health” sebagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 36, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KHAZANAH MULTIDISIPLIN VOL 3 NO 2 2022 https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 758, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "175", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 116, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bidang terbanyak memiliki keterkaitan bidang lain dalam tema public service. Adanya penulisan artikel ini diharapkan sebagai bentuk rekomendasi penelitian selanjutnya sehingga akan menghasilkan kebruan baru/ novelty untuk penelitian yang akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang. Penulis menyarankan, penulisan artikel ini perlu dikembangkan lebih luas lagi, sehingga akan memberikan kajian yang lebih komprehensf.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 249, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 284, "width": 401, "height": 34, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Chen, C. (2013). Mapping Scientific: The Quest For Knowledge Visulization. In Mapping Scientific: The Quest For Knowledge Visulization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 325, "width": 365, "height": 55, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Springer. https://doi.org/Chen, C. (2013). Mapping Science. Mapping Scientific Frontiers, 259 – 320. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471- 5128-9_8", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 391, "width": 401, "height": 55, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "De Looze, M. A., & Lemarié, J. (1997). Corpus relevance through co-word analysis: An application to plant proteins. Scientometrics . https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02458530", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 458, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fitria, L., & Kadaria, U. (2019). Analisis Bibliometrik dari Penelitian Bank Sampah untuk Pengelolaan Persampahan : 2008 - 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 499, "width": 365, "height": 55, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Bibliometric Analysis of Waste Bank Research for Solid Waste Management: 2008 – 2018). Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah , 6 (2), 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v6i2.37076", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 565, "width": 401, "height": 55, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loet Leydesdorff a, I. R. (2012). Interactive overlays: A new method for generating global journal maps from Web-of-Science data. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (2), 318 – 332.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 632, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman. (2010). Text mining and visualization using VOSviewer . 1 – 5.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 678, "width": 400, "height": 54, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurdin Ismail. (2019). Kualitas Pelayanan Publik (( PERILAKU APARATUR DAN KOMUNIKASI BIROKRASI DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK) (S. H. Lutfiah (ed.)). 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[ { "left": 171, "top": 768, "width": 256, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF: Jurnal Studi Al- Qur’an dan Tafsir Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 p-ISSN 2598-5817 ; e-ISSN 2614-4875 ; 19-36 https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v7i1.312", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 79, "width": 408, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt : A Study on the Isrāiliyyāt Accounts of Dawud in Al- Tha’labi’s Exegesis Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 150, "width": 289, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin 1 , Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah 2 1 Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 173, "width": 262, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 212, "width": 68, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Al - dakhīl ; isrāiliyyāt ; narrative structure; Dawud story; tafsir al- Tha’labi .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 212, "width": 383, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract Isrāiliyyāt entered and developed in the interpretations as al- dakhīl can't be avoided. However isrāiliyyāt is a matter of debate and received a lot of criticism. This paper examined how the narrative structure isrāiliyyāt about the story of Prophet Dawud in Tafsir Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān written by Al-Tha'labi. Isrāiliyyāt about the story of the prophet Dawud is analyzed with a narrative structure, in which is one of the most crucial types of discourse. The purpose of this research was to know the narrative structure in the narrative isrāiliyyāt which is obtained from narration in tafsir Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān 'an Tafsīr al - Qur'ān . This study used a qualitative method with narrative analysis as a basis for discussing narrative structure. Narrative analysis was used to seek the narrative isrāiliyyāt the story of the prophet Dawud who is expected to know how al- Tha'labi expresses the story in such a way that the reader can grasp the story of the prophet Dawud. Here, After analyzing the text, the author finally concluded the inner narrative structure isrāilliyat , the results are (a) orientation, (b) complication, (c) evaluation, (d) resolution, and (e) coda. The narrative contribution also results in the story of the Prophet Dawud chronologically, namely the Prophet Dawud before receiving trials, the Prophet Dawud receiving trials and the Prophet Dawud after repenting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 412, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 426, "width": 71, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al- dakhīl ; isrāiliyyāt ; struktur naratif; kisah Dawud; tafsir al- Tha’labi .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 412, "width": 469, "height": 306, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak Isrāiliyyāt masuk dan berkembang di tafsir-tafsir sebagai al-dakhil sudah tidak bisa dihindari. Walau demikian isrāiliyyāt tersebut menjadi persoalan, perdebatan, dan sarat akan kritik. Tulisan ini mencoba menelisik bagaimana struktur naratif isr āiliyyāt tentang kisah nabi Dawud dalam tafsir Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān karya al- Tha’labi . Isrāiliyyāt tentang kisah nabi Dawud tersebut dianalisis dengan struktur naratif, yang merupakan salah satu jenis wacana yang paling krusial. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui struktur naratif dalam narasi isrāiliyyāt yang diperoleh dari riwayat di dalam tafsir Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis naratif sebagai dasar pijakan membahas struktur naratif. Analisis narasi digunakan untuk mengupas narasi isrāiliyyāt kisah nabi Dawud yang diharapkan dapat mengetahui bagaimana al-T ha’labi mengungkapkan cerita sedemikian rupa sehingga pembaca dapat menangkap cerita nabi Dawud. Setelah menganalisis teks, penulis akhirnya menyimpulkan struktur naratif dalam isrāilliyat sebagai mana berikut (a) orientasi, (b) komplikasi, (c) evaluasi, (d) resolusi, dan (e) koda. Kontribusi naratif tersebut juga menghasilkan bahwa kisah Nabi Dawud secara kronologi yaitu Nabi Dawud sebelum mendapatkan cobaan, Nabi Dawud mendapatkan ujian dan Nabi Dawud setelah bertaubat. Article History Received : 2022-08-31 Accepted : 2023-05-09 Published : 2023-06-30 MLA Citation Format Moh. Muhyiddin, and M. D. Luthfillah. “Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt : A Study on the Isrāiliyyāt Accounts of Dawud in Al- Tha’labi’s Exegesis Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān ”. QOF, vol. 7, no. 1, June 2023, pp. 19 -36, doi:10.30762/qof.v7i1.312. APA Citation Format Moh. Muhyiddin, & Luthfillah, M. D. (2023). Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt : A Study on the Isrāiliyyāt Accounts of Dawud in Al- Tha’labi’s Exegesis Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al- Qur’ān . QOF, 7(1), 19 – 36. https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v7i1.312", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 79, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 471, "height": 225, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The inevitable integration of isrāiliyyāt into interpretation permeates Muslim communities, intertwining them within the discourse shared among the People of the Book. This transmission of isrāiliyyāt across generations creates a complex web of communication, where narratives blend and evolve. However, the burgeoning presence of isrāiliyyāt within Islamic scholarship raises concerns, sparking debates and inviting critique. Its growing influence prompts a reevaluation of its role and significance within the rich tapestry of interpretation. As interpretations evolve, the challenge lies in navigating the delicate balance between preserving tradition and engaging with diverse sources to enrich understanding and discourse. 1 The purpose of using isrāiliyyāt in interpretation is to clarify the ambiguous, detail the concise from the stories, provide understanding of the verses, and explain the reasons behind isrāiliyyāt narratives. 2 This has led to the infiltration and development of isrāiliyyāt within the treasure trove of interpretation. However, the growing presence of isrāiliyyāt among the Muslim community has become a matter of contention, debate, and laden with criticism.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 322, "width": 470, "height": 160, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Debate arises regarding the permissibility and the accuracy of using isrāiliyyāt narratives. To address this dynamic, al-Dzahabi sets stringent conditions for their use: interpreters must be critical, weighing reason and the spirit of the Qur’an. If certain stories have been globally elucidated by the Prophet, they should not be employed except in dire circumstances. Additionally, quoting isrāiliyyāt is permissible if their quality is explained, but altogether avoiding them is preferable. Al-Dhahabi highlights negative impacts of isrāiliyyāt usage, including portraying prophets and messengers as susceptible to sin, fostering superstitious beliefs ( khuraf ā t ) damaging Islam's image, and casting doubt on the credibility of early scholars, companions, and successors. Furthermore, isrāiliyyāt narratives can divert the intended meanings and purposes of Qur'anic verses 3 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 471, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To filter this, isrāiliyyāt is also studied and analyzed within the field of ulūm al - Qur’ān. Abu Shuhbah, for instance, endeavors to eliminate external elements that have entered Qur'anic interpretation ( al- dakhīl ) by conducting research on the narrations of isrāiliyyāt stories and fabricated hadiths ( mawdū’ ) found within Qur'anic exegesis. The book elucidates the tafsir works suspected of incorporating isrāiliyyāt and fabricated hadiths ( mawdū’ ). Furthermore, it serves as a guide in discerning isrāiliyyāt . Additionally, there are numerous works and researches on isrāiliyyāt . One example is \" al- Isrāiliyyāt wa Atharuhā fī Kutub al - Tafsīr \" written by Ramzī Na’na’ah. Ramzi delves into the history, negative effects, and the message of distancing from isrāiliyyāt . This book can be regarded as a guide to sift through and purify isrāiliyyāt in tafsir. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 689, "width": 468, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Mazlan Ibrahim and Ahmed Kamel Mohamad, “Israiliyat Dalam Kitab Tafsir Anwar Baidawi,” Jurnal Islamiyyat 26, no. 02 (2004): 26, https://ejournal.ukm.my/islamiyyat/article/view/2056/1560.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 470, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Musāid bin Sulaiman bin Nāshir al - Ṭayyar, Tafsīr Al - Qur’ān Bi al - Isrāilliyāt Nadhrah Taqwīmiyyah (Riyadl: Majjala h ma’had al -Imam al- Shāthibi li al-D irāsāt al - Qur’āniyah, 1433), 49– 53. PDF ebook. 3 Muhammad Husain al-Dhahabi, Al- Isrā’iliyyāt fī al - Tafsīr wa al - Hadī th (Kairo: Majma’ al- Buhū th al- Islamiyyah, 1971), 29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 417, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Ramzī Na’nā’ah, al- Isrāiliyyāt wa Atharuhā fī Kutub al - Tafsīr (Dimashqa: Dār al -Qalam, 1970), 79.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 471, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One of the isrāiliyyāt criticized by Ramzī is the story of Dawud. This narrative of Dawud's story is frequently encountered in the tafsir works of al- Tha’labi. This is because the story is presented in a language that implies controversial or pathological actions by Dawud, such as plotting to eliminate Uriya. These narratives are scattered and need to be arranged chronologically. This article seeks to examine the story of Dawud as presented through isrāiliyyāt narratives in the book \" Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān \" by al- Tha’labi, utilizing narrative analysis. In its compilation, a deep understanding of linguistic aspects and narrative structures is also necessary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 471, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several studies in Indonesia that examine isrāiliyyāt can be considered relatively limited. Research conducted on this topic mainly focuses on identifying isrāiliyyāt in tafsir and the responses of tafsir compilers. A dissertation written by A. Malik Madani titled \" Isra’illiyat dan Maudhu’at dalam Tafsir Al - Qur’an; (Studi Tafsir al -Jalalain)\" captures isrāiliyyāt in the Jalalayn tafsir, which is deemed problematic 5 . The subsequent study, titled \"Analisis Isra’iliyyat Dalam Tafsir Hasyiah Al -Sawi Karya Ahmad Bin Muhammad Sawi Al- Maliki,\" authored by Lumngatul Ma’arif and Eka Prasetiawati, examines Sawi's stance towards isrāiliyyāt . The findings reveal that Sawi sometimes provides commentary on isrāiliyyāt narratives and at other times remains silent. Out of the twelve analyzed stories, three are commented upon while the rest are left without any commentary 6 . The next article, authored by Ahmad Levi Fachrul Avivy, Jawiah Dakir, and Mazlan Ibrahim, titled \"Isra’iliyyat in Interpretive Literature of Indonesia: A Comparison between Tafsir Marah Labid and Tafsir Al-Azhar,\" endeavors to compare the responses of al-Nawawi al-Bantani and Hamka regarding isrāiliyyāt . 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 471, "height": 192, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Although isrāiliyyāt in tafsir is widely discussed, not all instances require individual scrutiny. A novel approach is proposed: treating isrāiliyyāt narratives as arranged sequences. This perspective, explored within Prophet Dawud's story in al- Tha’labi's tafsir, enhances comprehension. Despite debates, isrāiliyyāt offers positive contributions, fostering global peace, tolerance, and interfaith dialogue, as noted by Mohamad Nuryansah. In his work, he highlights the potential benefits, including recognizing the Quran's role in harmonizing religious communities. Thus, isrāiliyyāt , when appropriately contextualized, enriches interpretations and facilitates constructive dialogue among diverse faith communities, promoting harmony. The benefits include: 1) fostering peace on Earth as sacred texts interact with each other; 2) interacting with the religious heritage of other faiths will foster tolerance and mutual respect, thereby avoiding claims of truth; 3) realizing the Qur'an as the key to building harmony among religious communities. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 187, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Madaniy, “Isrāīliyyāt da n Maudhu’at…, 23,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 666, "width": 469, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Lumngatul Maarif and Eka Prasetiawati, “Analisis Isra’iliyyat Dalam Tafsir Hasyiah Al -Sawi Karya Ahmad Bin Muhammad Sawi Al- Maliki,” AL QUDS: Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis 4, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 97, https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v4i1.1374.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 701, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Ahmad Levi Fachrul Avivy, Jawiah Dakir, and Mazlan Ibrahim, “Isra’iliyyat in Interpretive Literature of Indonesia: A Comparison between Tafsir Marah Labid and Tafsir Al-A zhar,” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences , May 1, 2015: 402, https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p401.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 736, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Mohamad Nuryansah, “ Israiliat Contribution In Contemporary Exegesis:The Effort To Establish Israiliat Which Is Silenced ‘Mauquf’ As A Source Of An Interpretation,” International Conference on Qur’an and Hadith Studies . vol.137 (2017): 42.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 471, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The presence of isrāiliyyāt in the story of Dawud in this article is not aimed at demonstrating a skeptical attitude or accepting its content. Instead, through separate narrations from isrāiliyyāt , a narrative structure can be identified. By analyzing the content of all isrāiliyyāt narratives of the story of Prophet Dawud in al- Tha’labi's tafsir, it is hoped that a complete and chronological narrative of Prophet Dawud's story as conveyed through isrāiliyyāt can be presented. This article offers a solution to the usage of isrāiliyyāt already present in the literature of tafsir by treating isrāiliyyāt as a narrative text, which has not been done by previous authors. Nevertheless, the narrative structure of isr āiliyyāt in the story of Prophet Dawud in tafsir is intriguing and worthy of examination.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 471, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isrāiliyyāt in Tafsir and Its Development Ramzi defines isrāiliyyāt as information sourced from the People of the Book, both Christians and Jews, used to elucidate the Qur'an. 9 Linguistically, this term is the plural form of \"isrā’illiyah,\" derived from the Hebrew language, meaning \"servants of Go d,\" where \"isra\" means servant and \"il\" conveys the meaning of God. Additionally, the word \"Israil\" also serves as an epithet for Ya'qub. 10 Unfortunately, that definition remains general and does not yet elucidate the content of isrāiliyyāt . Al-Dhahabi, on the other hand, reveals that initially, the term \" isrāiliyyāt \" referred to stories sourced from the Jews. However, over time, the terminology of isrāiliyyāt was used for anything included in tafsir and Hadith, such as ancient tales originating from Jews, Christians, or others. Furthermore, its understanding has been broadened to encompass anything lacking a basis from earlier sources and smuggled by enemies of Islam into Islamic teachings solely to undermine the faith of Muslims. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 423, "width": 470, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Sharbasi, in his book \"Qishshat al- Tafsīr,\" explains that isrāiliyyāt are stories and news smuggled into Islam by Jews. Their stories and fabrications were then absorbed by the Muslim community. Apart from Jews, Muslims also absorbed such narratives from others, 12 indeed, whether these narratives pertain to their religion or not. 13 The definitions above differ in terms of content and wording. The discrepancy primarily lies in the material and sources of isrāiliyyāt . The scholars mentioned agree that isrāiliyyāt contains external elements that have infiltrated Islam, but they disagree on the nature of its content. Most of them concur that the sources of isrāiliyyāt are Jewish and Christian, although the inclusion of Christian sources in tafsir is relatively minor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Thus, it can be concluded that isrāiliyyāt is information sourced from Jews and Christians, absorbed by Muslims and incorporated into tafsir and hadith, whether or not these sources align with Islam. The distinguishing characteristics of isrāiliyyāt , based on the definitions above, are that its chain of transmission often begins with narrators from the People of the Book or with companions, successors of the companions, or the successors of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 666, "width": 187, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Na’nā’ah, Al- Isrāiliyyāt w0a Atharuhā…, 75.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 469, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 As a reflection of the term isrāiliyyāt, it appears that according to scholars, Jews occupy a prominent position as a source of isrāiliyyāt. Nevertheless, Christians also participate in the constellation of isrāiliyyāt interpretations. However, in this regard, Jews are more popular and dominant. Jews are more closely associated with isrāiliyyāt because many of them even tually embraced Islam. Na’nā’ah, 73.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 724, "width": 470, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 al-Dhahabi, Al- Isrā’iliyyāt fī al - Tafsīr…, 14 – 15. 12 Ahmad al-Sharbasi, Qiṣṣāt At - Tafsīr (Kairo: Dār Al - Qalām, 1962), 14. 13 Musā’id Muslim Abdullah Alī Ja’far, Athar Al-T aṭawwur al -Fikr f ī al - Tafsīr f ī al ‘Aṣrī al ‘Abbasī (Beirut: Mu’assasah al - Risālah, 1984), 98. PDF ebook", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 471, "height": 127, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the successors of the companions who are known to frequently receive narrations from the People of the Book but do not reach the Prophet. In terms of its content, isrāiliyyāt narratives often consist of lengthy, strange, foreign, and historical stories . 14 The initial roots of isrāiliyyāt entering interpretation originate from the migration of the Bani Israel to the Arabian Peninsula. The major cause of this mass migration to the Arabian Peninsula was the intimidation by Titus, a Roman commander. This event occurred in 70 CE. They brought knowledge from their sacred scriptures, found a place for worship, propagated their religion, and established centers for cultural heritage studies called Midrash. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 470, "height": 160, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Bani Israel, also known as the Bani Israel, inhabited Yemen and Greater Syria as their dwelling places. Because the Arab people were nomadic, they also traveled extensively to Greater Syria and Yemen. This factor led to encounters and the establishment of relationships between the Arabs and the Jews. With the spread of Islam and the increasing number of its adherents, coexisting with the Jewish people became unavoidable. Over time, knowledge exchange occurred due to intensive interactions between the two communities. Moreover, a significant portion of the Jewish people were people of the book. As many people of the book embraced Islam, teachings other than Sharia laws, such as the origins of creation, the mysteries of natural phenomena, and other stories, remained strongly ingrained in their minds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 354, "width": 471, "height": 192, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "These Jewish stories were then absorbed into the interpretation of the Qur'an. Isrā’iliyyāt subsequently developed and were widely cited in tafsir books from both classical and contemporary periods. Various reasons led mufassirs to include isrā’iliyyāt narratives in their tafsir books, such as elucidating historical sequences to enrich the knowledge repository of the Muslim community. Despite the contradictions in the use of isrā’iliyyāt if applied to tafsir, these narratives can be said to have become part of the cultural heritage. 16 Among the notable figures, both companions and successors, who narrated isrā’iliyyāt are Abdullah bin ‘Umar bin al - ‘Aṣ, ibn ‘Abbās, and Abū Hurairah, who received isrāiliyyāt from Abdullah bin Salam and Tamīm al - Dāri. The narrators and sourc es of isrāiliyyāt from among the successors include Ka’ab al - Aḥbār and Wahab bin Munabbih. Narrators from among the successors of the successors include Muḥammad bin al - Sāib al - Kalabi, ‘Abd al - Malik bin ‘Abd al- ‘Azīz bin Jurayj, Muqātil bin Sulayman, and Muḥammad bin Marwān al - Sadī .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 548, "width": 471, "height": 144, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ramzi listed fifteen tafsir books containing isrāiliyyāt . These books are as follows: Tafsīr al - Kabīr by Muqātil bin Sulaiman, Jāmi’ al - Bayān fī Tafsīr al - Qur’ān by Muhammad bin Jarīr al - Ṭabari, al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān by al- Tha’labi , Ma’ālim al -Tanzil by al-Baghawi , Al- Muḥarrār al - Wajīz fī tafsīr al - kitāb al - ‘azīz by Ibn ‘ A ṭiyyah , Al- Kashshāf by al- Zamakhshari , Mafatīḥ al -Ghaib by Fakhr al- dīn al - Rāzi , Al- Jāmi’ li aḥkām al - Qur’ān by al- Qurṭubi , Madārik al - Tanzīl wa Ḥaqāiq al - ta’wīl by al-Nasafi , Lubāb al - Ta’wīl fī Ma’āni al - Tanzīl by al- Khāzin , Tafsīr al - Qur’ān al - ‘Aẓīm by Ibn Kathīr , Al-Durr al- Manthūr fī Tafsīr al - Ma’thūr by al- Suyuṭi , al- Sirāj al - Munīr fī al - I’ānah ‘ala Ma’rifat Ba’ḍi Ma’āni Kalām Rabbunā al - Ḥakīm al- Khābīr by Khatīb al -Sharbini , Rūḥ al - Ma’āni fī Tafsīr al - Qur’ān al - ‘Aẓīm by al- Alūsi , and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 470, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Rasihan Anwar, Melacak Unsur-Unsur Israiliyyat Dalam Tafsir Ath-Thabarî Dan Tafsir Ibnu Katsîr (Bandung: CV. Pustaka Setia, 1999), 29.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 736, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 al-Dhahabi, Al- Isrā’iliyyāt fī al - Tafsīr…, , 60. 16 Muhammad Abdurrahman Muhammad, Tafsīr Nabawi , terj. Wawan Djunaedi Soffandi, cet. 1 (Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2001), 99-100.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 468, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tafsīr al - Manār by Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍa . Abu Shuhbah added the book Irshād al - ‘Aql al - Salim ilā Mazāya al - Qur’ān al - Karīm by Abu Sa’ud al -Imadi al-Hanafi. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 470, "height": 128, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nearly all of these books serve as references for the Muslim community. They contain isrāiliyyāt in various forms, whether in small or large quantities, commented upon or not, filtered according to Shariah or not, criticized or uncriticized. When reading these books — especially those without criticism and commentary — it feels like there is a need for a guidebook alongside to navigate isrāiliyyāt . This necessity calls for innovation and new approaches to the issue of isrāiliyyāt . The author proposes discourse narrative reading as one solution. Many books and studies have emerged to distinguish between authentic isrāiliyyāt and fabricated ones, but this requires in-depth research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 424, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tafsir Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān is one of the tafsir books that contains isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 471, "height": 225, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tafsir al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān is authored by Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Nisaburi, commonly known as al- Tha’labi. The name \"al - Tha’labi\" is a laqab (honorific title), not a nisbat (family name). The exact birth date of Al- Tha’labi is unknown, but he passed away in the year 427 H. There are other opinions suggesting his demise in 437 H. He was known as a Quranic teacher, advisor, literary figure, and Hafidh. He also authored a work that elucidates stories derived from the Qur'an and isrāiliyyāt , namely Al- Tafsīr wa al - Arāish fī Qishash al - Anbiyā’ . 18 The sources of al- Tha’labi's tafsir are not only ma’thur (narrated), but also ra’yi (personal opinion). Al- Tha’labi also explains the meanings of verses, various readings ( qirā’at ), linguistic explanations, dialect differences, grammatical analysis ( i’rāb ), comparisons, indications, and legal rulings ( fiqh ). The narrations at the beginning of the tafsir mention their chains of transmission ( sanad ), but these chains are not consistently cited throughout the book. Al-Dhahabi states that the narrations mentioned in this tafsir include isolated reports (hadis ghārib ), problematic hadiths, fabricated hadiths, as well as isrāiliyyāt . 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 470, "height": 159, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regarding the reasons for the inclusion of isrā’īliyyāt in Tha'labi's tafsir, some critics believe that Tha'labi's position as an orator and storyteller made him interested in narratives and history. Additionally, Tha'labi's background as an advisor and a lover of stories led him to gather many isrā’īliyyāt narrations in his tafsir. This is reinforced by his work on the stories of the prophets. Furthermore, the fame of the narrators of isrā’īliyyāt from the sources cited by Tha'labi led him to incorporate these narrations directly into his tafsir. On the other hand, the desire to expand the narratives in his tafsir also influenced the abundance of isrā’īliyyāt included in it. 20 Al-Dhahabi adds that Tha'labi had little knowledge of the science of Hadith and was unaware of the nuances of 'ilal al- ḥadīth (the study of problematic Hadith). These factors underlie the inclusion of many isrā’īliyyāt in his tafsir . 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 666, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Tha'labi falls into the category of scholars who permit isrāiliyyāt unconditionally. In his book, he does not filter the contents of isrāiliyyāt , whether they are in line with Islamic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 712, "width": 401, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Abu Shuhbah, Al- Isrāilliyāt wa al - Maudhū’āt…, 158. 18 Na’nā’ah, Al- Isrāiliyyāt wa Atharuhā…., 251. 19 Muhammad Husain al-Dhahabi, Al- Tafsīr w a al- Mufassirūn (Kairo: Dār al -Hadith, 1970), 229.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 192, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20 Na’nā’ah, Al- Isrāiliyyāt wa Atharuhā…, 251.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 216, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21 al-Dhahabi, Al-T afsīr w a al- Mufassirūn , 104 – 108.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 471, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "teachings or not. This was also expressed by al-Dhahabi in al- Tafsīr wa al - Mufassirūn when he commented on Al-Tha'labi's interpretation of Quranic verses, such as Al-Kahfi: 94 regarding Ya’juj Ma’juj. Al -Dhahabi criticized Al-Tha'labi's commentary as overly lengthy and improbable, leaning more towards fantasy than truth. Similarly, in his commentary on Quranic verse Maryam: 27, Al-Dhahabi remarked that the narrations from al-Sadi, Wahb, and others were fabricated tales, highly peculiar, and far from accurate. 22 Additionally, the content of isrāiliyyāt includes miracles and events beyond the capability of anyone other than prophets, such as the story of Samuel rising from his grave. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 470, "height": 160, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tha'labi's methods of transmitting isrāiliyyāt can be summarized as follows: Firstly, he presents these narratives without specifying the chain of transmission or the original source, evident in stories like Satan and the serpent (Quran 2:36), Moses' journey with the Bani Israel (Quran 2:50), and the Sabbath breakers (Quran 2:65). Secondly, Tha'labi attributes narrations to companions, successors, and later generations, as seen in Quran 2:68, 2:102, and 3:52. Lastly, he often combines multiple transmissions within a single narration, such as in Quran 2:127, where he mentions various narrators with different chains. Similarly, in interpreting Quran 2:127, Tha'labi includes diverse accounts of the story of the construction of the Kaaba and the crossing of the river with Ṭālut , demonstrating his tendency to incorporate various versions of the same event into his commentary. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 354, "width": 473, "height": 176, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Many scholars criticize his exegesis for including fabricated hadiths and Isra'iliyyat . One such critique comes from Ibn Taymiyyah. He states that \"within al-Tha'labi himself there is goodness and religious devotion. He quotes what he finds in the books of exegesis, whether authentic, weak, or fabricated.\" He also points out that one of the sources for his exegesis is the commentary of Ishāq bin Rāhuwayh, hence in al -Tha'labi's exegesis, many hadiths are deemed weak, fabricated, Isra'iliyyat are strange, and far from the truth. 25 Observations on isrā’īliyyāt in Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān include: 1) presenting narratives of unknown origin, some seemingly from Jewish sources; 2) Tha'labī's inclusion of statements from Jews who seemed to be Muslim; and 3) detailed accounts of various stories and historical events. While Tha'labī's tafsir contains abundant isrā’īliyyāt , it tarnishes its image and Islam's. However, viewing isrā’īliyyāt as narrative tales yields wisdom, bridging the gap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 470, "height": 128, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study analyzes narratives through various functions of clauses. A detailed explanation of the terminology applied in this research refers to the thoughts of Labov and Waletzky regarding the narrative analysis framework. Labov views a narrative minimally as a sequence of two clauses arranged temporally. If the sequence of these clauses is altered, the original semantic interpretation will change. For example, \"I punched this kid / and he punched me.\" Both clauses constitute a minimal narrative. If their order is changed, it would become \"This kid punched me, and I punched him.\" Furthermore, the minimal narrative involves a single temporal point with different clauses according to their function in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 196, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22 al-Dhahabi, Al-T afsīr w a al- Mufassirūn , 202.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 725, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "23 Abi Ishaq Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim al-Tha’labi, Al-Kashf Wa al-Bayan ’an Tafsir al-Qur’an (Jedah: Dar al-Tafsir, 2015), I: 206.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 211, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , I: 201 – 206.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 420, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "25 Ibn Taimiyah, Muqaddimah Fī Ushul Al - Tafsīr (Kairo: Dār al - Ḍiya Maktabah al -Sunnah, 1408), 32.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "narrative. 26 A series of clauses arranged temporally will constitute a narrative clause. This implies that the story will change if the narrative clauses are rearranged. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 470, "height": 209, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Some narratives that have temporal clauses and involve a beginning, middle, and end are generally complete. Labov himself provides a model of fully developed narrative structure, which contains six aspects: abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, result or resolution, and coda. This study employs these six narrative elements to analyze narrative clauses. 28 A comprehensive explanation of these elements is as follows. The abstract comes first, summarizing the entire narrative. Orientation then provides a series of clauses that furnish background information, including characters, time, physical settings, and situations. This typically occurs at the beginning of the story, although the narrator may place it in the middle if necessary. Resolution transfers tension and concludes before the story's end, occurring throughout the narrative and serving to evaluate, state, and highlight what is compelling. Evaluation represents the narrator's commentary on actions from outside the story world, whether in narrative or non-narrative clauses. Finally, the coda signifies the narrative's conclusion, often including a summary of the story. 29", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 322, "width": 470, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Narrative of Isrā’īliyyāt in the Tafsir Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān 'an Tafsīr al - Qur’ān Narratives can take the form of written texts that attempt to create, narrate, sequence human actions or events chronologically or within a unified timeframe. Isrā’īliyyāt as a narrative in this context is understood as a piece of story with chronology and not as fragmented accounts. A narrative structure is necessary to organize events for understanding. In such narratives, whether Isrā’īliyyāt contains positive content, its truthfulness need not be believed, or skepticism towards it is not questioned. This is because in narratives, truthfulness, real events, pathological behavior content, or the like are not considered.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 468, "width": 470, "height": 175, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The narrative is understood as a composition outlining a series of events, and its issues are arranged chronologically. The purpose of writing a narrative is twofold: to provide and expand knowledge insights to readers and to provide aesthetic experience to the readers. According to Labov and Waletzky, Narrative text is a type of text that contains stories or narratives depicting a series of events or incidents arranged chronologically. Narrative texts typically have a structure consisting of several stages, such as Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, and Coda, which form the storyline and conflicts that occur. In the context of this research, narrative text is used to analyze the story of Queen Balqis in the Quran in terms of generic structure using Labov and Waletzky's theory. 30 n this case, the Israelite narrative about Prophet Dawud (David) will be the narrative whose structure will be analyzed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 646, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Some of the Isrā’īliyyāt narratives from the book Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān are as follows :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "26 William Labov and Josh Waletzky, “Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.,” Journal of Narrative and Life History 7 (1997): 4.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 700, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "27 Yue Wang, “Narrative Structure Analysis: A Story from ‘Hannah Gadsby: Nanette,’” Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 683, https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1105.03.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 724, "width": 225, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "28 Labov and Waletzky, “Narrative Analysis: Oral…, 6.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 735, "width": 463, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "29 Wang, “Narrative Structure Analysis …,” 7. 30 Naya Naseha dan Wawan Gunawan, and Syihabuddin Syihabuddin. \"Analisis Genre Pada Kisah Ratu Balqis Dalam Al-Quran.\" Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan 20.3 (2020): 438-444.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 78, "width": 404, "height": 319, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "نكا ببس كلذ هنأ نىمت اموي نم مايلأا على هّبر ّزع ّلجو ةلنزم هئابآ ميهاربإ قاحسإو بوقعيو ( مهيلع ملاسلا ) لأسو نأ هنحتمي ونح يلذا نكا ،مهنحتما هيطعيو نم لضفلا ونح يلذا نكا مهاطعأ . حىوأف للها ّزع ّلجو هليإ : مهنأ اولتبا ءلابب ام مل لتبت ءشيب نم كلذ اوبرصف اهيلع . لتبا ميهاربإ دورمنب حبذبو ،هنبا لتباو قاحسإ حبلذاب باهذبو ،هصرب لتباو بوقعي نزلحاب على فسوي . كنأو مل لتبت ءشيب نم كلذ . حىوأف للها هناحبس هليإ : كنأ لتبم في رهش اذك في موي اذك سترحاو . اّملف نكا كلذ موليا يلذا هدعو للها ،لىاعت لخد دواد هبارمح قلغأو هباب لعجو ليصي أرقيو ،روبزلا انيبف وه كلذك ذإ هءاج ناطيشلا دق لثمت في ةروص ةماحم نم بهذ اهيف نم كل نول ،نسح تعقوف ينب ،هيلجر ّدمف هدي اهذخألي اهعفديو لىإ نبا يرغص ،ل املف ىوهأ اهليإ تراط يرغ ،ديعب نم يرغ نأ هسيؤت نم اهسفن دتماف اهليإ اهذخألي ،تحنتف اهعبتف تراطف ّتح تعقو في ،ةوك بهذف اهذخألي تراطف نم ،ةوكلا رظنف دواد نيأ ،عقت ثعبف اهليإ نم ،اهديصي صربأف ةأرما في ناتسب على طش ةكرب اله لستغت 31", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 106, "top": 416, "width": 407, "height": 225, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ The reason for this trial was that Prophet Dawud desired a position similar to that of his ancestors, Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Ya'qub. He then requested to be tested like they were tested and to be granted the same virtues as they had. The Almighty Allah revealed to Dawud: they were tested in ways that had not yet befallen him, and they endured them patiently. Ibrahim was tested with the presence of Namrud and the sacrifice of his son, Ishak was sacrificed and lost his sight, and Ya'qub was filled with sorrow over Yusuf. Yet, you have not been subjected to any trial. The Almighty, the Most Powerful, revealed to Dawud: you will be tested on a day like this, in a month like this, so be cautious. When the promised day arrived, Dawud entered his prayer chamber, closed its door, and prayed while reciting the Psalms. Suddenly, a Satan came to him, disguised as a beautiful golden dove, standing between his feet. Dawud reached out to take it and push it to his son, but when it fell towards him, the dove flew away. Undeterred, Dawud extended his hand, attempting to catch the dove, which led him to a window in the roof. Dawud followed, but the dove flew out through a hole. Then, Dawud saw where the dove went, and when he sent his hunter, he saw a woman bathing by the edge of a pond .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 470, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This narrative recounts the trial given to Prophet Dawud. Previously, Prophet Dawud desired a position similar to his ancestors, namely Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Ya'qub, and requested to be tested as they were tested and granted the same virtues. The Almighty Allah then revealed to Dawud that the trials given to his ancestors had never befallen him, and he had never been tested. However, he would be tested on a specific day and month, and he was", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 218, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31 al- Tha’labi, Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān , XXII: 486 – 489.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "advised to be cautious. When the promised day arrived, Dawud entered his prayer chamber, closed its door, and prayed while reciting the Psalms. Suddenly, a Satan came to him in the form of a beautiful golden dove. Despite his efforts to capture it, the dove flew away, leading him to a woman bathing by the edge of a pond. Furthermore, the discourse of Isra'iliyyat concerning the story of Prophet Dawud in al-Kashf wa al-Bayan can be classified into the following chronology.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 166, "width": 277, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. The Life of Prophet Dawud Before Being Tested", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 182, "width": 375, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The narrative begins with the accounts of al-Sadi, al- Kalabi, and Muqātil :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 198, "width": 406, "height": 141, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prophet Dawud divided his year into three parts: one day dedicated to his people, one for worshiping his Lord, and another with his wives. While reading the scriptures, Dawud discovered the virtues of prophets Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Ya'qub. He then requested to see all the goodness done by his forefathers (Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Ya'qub). Allah revealed: They were tested in ways previously unknown. Ishaq was tested by sacrificing and losing his sight. Ya'qub was tested with the sorrow of losing Yusuf, whereas you have not been tested at all. Feeling he had performed good deeds, Dawud desired to be like those prophets. He prayed: Lord, test me as You tested them and grant me what they received. Allah revealed: You will be tested in such-and-such month and day, so be vigilant. 32", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 339, "width": 470, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the narrative, the life of Prophet Dawud is portrayed as being divided into three parts: for his people, his Lord, and his wives. Observing the virtues of previous prophets, Dawud prayed to be like them, willing to undergo trials. Allah responded with a revelation, promising trials. Additionally, it is narrated that Dawud was deeply engaged in worship, leading him to marvel at his own deeds, questioning if anyone else in the world performed righteous acts as he did.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 197, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Prophet Dawud Receives a Trial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 465, "width": 470, "height": 246, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "On the promised day, when Dawud entered the prayer chamber, closed its door, performed his prayers, and then recited the Psalms. Suddenly, a Satan appeared in the form of a beautiful golden dove, landing between his feet. As Dawud reached out to capture it, the bird flew just out of his reach. Undeterred, Dawud extended his hand to catch it again, but once more, the bird flew away, this time to a hole. Dawud followed it to the hole, searching for its direction, and instructed someone to hunt the bird. Dawud's gaze then fell upon a beautiful woman bathing in the distance in the garden. This account is narrated by al-Kalabi. Al-Sadi narrates that Dawud saw her bathing in an open area, a woman of extraordinary beauty. Dawud was amazed and approached, turning to look at her reflection. As her hair was uncovered, her body was revealed. Witnessing this, Dawud was even more astonished. When asked about the woman's identity, Dawud learned that she was named Tashayi', the daughter of Shayi', the wife of Uriya. It was known that her husband (Uriya) was at war in Balqa' with Ayyub, Dawud's cousin. Dawud instructed Ayyub to send Uriya to a certain place ahead of the battle. Those who went ahead of the army were prohibited from returning until Allah opened His hand and they were proven innocent. Dawud also instructed Uriya to fight", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 200, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "32 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , XXII: 486.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the enemies. After he finished, he was sent again to fight a tougher enemy. Finally, after three battles, Uriya died. After the 'iddah period had passed, Dawud married the woman. 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 102, "width": 359, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Prophet Dawud Repents and His Life After Receiving the Trial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 125, "width": 470, "height": 180, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After two angels' visit and judgment, Dawud prostrated for forty days without lifting his head, abstaining from food and drink. He wept until plants grew around him, praying for repentance. A voice offered food, then forgave him without mentioning his sins. Dawud cried out, confessing his transgressions. The voice forgave him, instructing him to visit Uriya's grave. Dawud, puzzled by his wrongdoing, was directed to Uriya's grave. There, he was forgiven and instructed to wear different clothes and sit beside the grave. Dawud approached Uriya's grave, seeking forgiveness. Uriya, surprised, asked why Dawud disturbed him. Dawud confessed, seeking permission to marry his wife. Uriya, forgiving, reminded Dawud of his deceit. Allah intervened, rebuking Dawud for his actions. Dawud returned, confessing again, but Uriya remained silent. Dawud continued to plead, receiving no response.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 307, "width": 470, "height": 197, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At Uriya's grave, Dawud lamented and sought forgiveness. He cursed himself, acknowledging his wrongdoing. From the heavens, a voice declared forgiveness, mercy, and blessings upon Dawud. Dawud questioned, puzzled by Uriya's silence. Allah promised Dawud an unprecedented reward on Judgment Day, affirming forgiveness. Dawud realized divine mercy surpasses human forgiveness. After that event, Dawud's life was divided into four parts. Firstly, he spent his time adjudicating among the Bani Israel. Secondly, he devoted himself to his wives. Thirdly, he wandered in the mountains and along the shores, weeping, and was joined in his weeping by the trees, sands, and birds, causing tears to flow like a lake. When he wept in the mountains, the rocks, mountains, and everything on the mountain wept with him; likewise, when he wept by the sea, the fish, sea, and everything in it wept with him. It is also said that Dawud did not drink except mixed with his tears. Fourthly, he secluded himself in a house containing four thousand prayer niches. 34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 518, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 535, "width": 471, "height": 146, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are five stages derived from the narrative presented in the Isrā'iliyyāt story of Dawud. These stages are orientation, complication, resolution, evaluative, and coda. However, in the narrative, the abstract stage is not visible. The abstract typically consists of one or two clauses at the beginning of the narration summarizing the forthcoming story. Its function is to announce that the narrator has a story to tell and to claim the right to narrate it, often supported by the suggestion that it will be a good story, worthy of the reader's time. 35 In the Isrā'iliyyāt narrative, there is no summary of the story provided; instead, it directly proceeds to the orientation of time or place. Below is an outline of the stages obtained.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 691, "width": 85, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Orientation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 724, "width": 470, "height": 47, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , XXII: 487-489. 34 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , XXII: 507. 35 Barbara Johnstone, “ D iscourse Analysis and Narrative,” in The Handbook of Discourse Analysis . Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen and Heidi E. Hamilton (eds). Oxford – Malden: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 637.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 163, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientation provides additional information for readers to understand the story. It includes settings such as time, place, participants, situation, and activities within the story. The introduction of this orientation can be done with several narrative clauses, but usually, there is an orientation section structured with independent clauses. The time orientation used generally begins with the phrase 'at the time'. Narration in this manner becomes one of its characteristics. This narrative with such phrases is then followed by another orientation, such as about time and situation, then who is involved in the story and where the events take place. 36 Orientation is often introduced near the beginning, but it can be interspersed at other points. An example can be taken from the story of Prophet Dawud in al-Kashf wa al- Bay ā n.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 230, "width": 396, "height": 50, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "اّملف نكا كلذ موليا يلذا هدعو للها ،لىاعت لخد دواد هبارمح قلغأو هباب لعجو ليصي أرقيو روبزلا", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 107, "top": 283, "width": 398, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "When that day promised by Allah arrived, Dawud entered his prayer chamber, closed its door, and prayed while reciting the Psalms 37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 319, "width": 471, "height": 146, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the narrative of Prophet Dawud, the orientation encompasses various elements to set the stage for the story. Time, place, person, situation, and activities are all introduced to provide a comprehensive understanding of the events. Dawud is presented as the central figure, representing the person orientation. The mihrab, described as a place of worship akin to a chamber, serves as the spatial orientation, indicating where the events unfold. 38 As Dawud engages in the activities of praying and reciting the Psalms, it becomes evident that these actions serve as the orientation of his endeavors. Through these introductory elements, readers are immersed in the context of the narrative, gaining insights into the setting, characters, and actions that shape the unfolding story of Prophet Dawud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 468, "width": 470, "height": 191, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The narrative provides a clear depiction of individuals involved in the story, particularly focusing on Prophet Dawud. However, it lacks detailed characterization of the other participants. For instance, in the line \" ناطيشلا هءاج ذإ كلذك وه انيبف \" (when the devil approached Dawud), the devil's presence is acknowledged, but his character remains underdeveloped. While Prophet Dawud's actions and responses are highlighted, the portrayal of other characters, including the devil, is less detailed. This narrative style emphasizes Dawud's central role while leaving secondary characters relatively undefined. Despite this, the devil's participation in the orientation is apparent, indicating his role in the unfolding events. As a result, readers primarily perceive the story through the lens of Dawud's experiences and interactions, with the characterization of other individuals remaining less prominent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 662, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Complication", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 684, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Complication, often referred to as the complicating action or tension, serves as the element that introduces difficulty to the problem within a narrative. It is pivotal in shaping", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 735, "width": 311, "height": 36, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36 Budiwiyanto, “Analisis Naratif Personal …, 188. 37 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , XXII: 488. 38 Jamal al- Din Ibn Manẓur, Lisān Al - Arāb (Beirut: Dār al - Șadr, 1414), 305.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 147, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the progression of events. The climax event, considered the core or most crucial part of the narrative, typically arises from the complication. This stage unfolds what transpires with the main character as the problem evolves, gradually escalating through a sequence of events until it reaches its highest or maximum point of tension. Subsequently, the narrative reaches its peak intensity, where the situation is evaluated or resolved. The climax stage and the peak tension point are segments that readers eagerly anticipate, as they provide pivotal moments in the storyline. Complication can also be viewed as the question of \"then what happened,\" propelling the narrative forward and heightening reader engagement as they await the resolution of the conflict. 39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 212, "width": 470, "height": 130, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this narrative, the complication element is depicted through various events experienced by the character, presented in simple clauses, as illustrated in the following excerpt. These events gradually unfold, contributing to the rising tension and complexity of the storyline, ultimately leading towards the climax. Each clause succinctly portrays a significant development in the character's journey, building anticipation and engagement as the narrative progresses. Through this straightforward arrangement, readers are drawn deeper into the challenges faced by the character, eager to uncover the resolution amidst the mounting tension.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 346, "width": 403, "height": 158, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "بتكف دواد لىإ نبا هتخأ بويأ بحاص ثعب ءاقللبا : نأ ثعبا ايروأ لىإ عضوم اذك همّدقو لبق توبالتا نكاو نم مّدق على توبالتا ل ليح ل نأ عجري هءارو ّتح حتفي للها هناحبس على هيدي وأ ،دهشتسي هثعبف همّدقو حتفف ،ل بتكف لىإ دواد ،كلذب بتكف هليإ اضيأ : نأ هثعبا لىإ ودع اذك اذكو . هثعبف حتفف ،ل بتكف لىإ دواد ،كلذب بتكف هليإ اضيأ : نأ هثعبا لىإ ودع اذك ّدشأ هنم اسأب . هثعبف لتقف في ةرلما ،ةلثالثا اّملف تضقنا ةّدع ةأرلما اهجّوزت دواد هيف مأ ناميلس 40", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 103, "top": 507, "width": 407, "height": 90, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dawud wrote to his nephew Ayub, the governor of the Balqa' region, instructing him to send Uriya to a certain place like this and present him at Tābut, and whoever comes to Tābu t cannot return until the Lord opens it, and he sent him and opened it, so he wrote to Dawud, and he also wrote to him: to send him to enemies like this and so on. He sent him and opened it for him, and he wrote to Dawud, and he also wrote to him: to send him to worse enemies than him. He sent him and he was killed on the third time, and when some women were finally married by Dawud, she was Umm Sulaiman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 613, "width": 471, "height": 97, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the narrative, the problem starts with Dawud's plan to send Uriya to powerful enemies, leading to his demise. The climax unfolds as Dawud successfully achieves his objective by marrying Uriya's wife, Ummu Sulayman. This pivotal moment marks the culmination of the storyline, where tension reaches its peak, and the consequences of Dawud's actions become apparent. The narrative intricately weaves these events, drawing readers into the moral complexities and consequences of Dawud's decisions. Through this", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 747, "width": 228, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39 Labov and Waletzky, “Narrative Analysis: Oral …, 6.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 200, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , XXII: 489.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "progression, the narrative captures the essence of human nature and the intricacies of moral dilemmas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 105, "width": 80, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 471, "height": 130, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluation, as a crucial part of narrative structure, emphasizes key events in various forms. It can take the form of personal comments, justifications, or questions that help reinforce the core of the story. Through evaluation, the narrator can more clearly convey the meaning and message intended for the reader or listener. Evaluation serves not only as justification but also as a tool to deepen characterization, clarify conflicts, and guide the reader towards a deeper understanding of the narrative. Thus, evaluation plays a significant role in strengthening the overall structure and message of a story. 41 In contrast, evaluation in the narrative of the Qur'an, according to Afsar, tends to be judgmental in nature. 42", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 260, "width": 471, "height": 196, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluations in narratives often surface right before the resolution, occurring not only in complicating actions but also scattered throughout the narrative. The evaluative functions apparent in Isrā’īliyyāt narratives are essential in shaping the narrative's direction and highlighting significant points. In the excerpt provided, the narrator employs evaluation to underscore the impact of the response to the question posed. The act of being slapped serves as a metaphorical awakening, indicating a moment of realization or enlightenment for the character. This evaluative technique serves to deepen the understanding of the narrative's themes and character development. By emphasizing the consequences of the character's actions or the significance of certain events, evaluations add layers of complexity to the storytelling, enriching the overall narrative experience for the audience. Thus, evaluations play a crucial role in guiding the narrator in conveying the essence and depth of the story to the audience.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 460, "width": 397, "height": 158, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "لاقف دواد رخلآل : ام لوقت ؟ لاقف نإ ل اعست ينعستو جعن ة، خيلأو اذه ةجعن ةدحاو ، انأو ديرأ نا اهذخآ هنم لمكأف جياعن ةئام . لاق : وهو هركا . لاق : اذإ كعدنل كلذو ، نإو تمر كلذ انبضر كنم اذه اذهو اذهو نيعي فرط فنلأا هلصأو ةهبلجا . لاقف : دواداي تنأ قحأ نأ بضري كنم اذه اذهو ، ثيح كل عست نوعستو ةأرما ملو نكي ايرولأ ّلإ ةأرما ةدحاو ، ملف لزت هب هضرعت لتقلل ّتح لتُق تجوزتو هتأرما . لاق : رظنف دواد ملف ري ادحأ ، فرعف ام دق عقو هيف .", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 107, "top": 635, "width": 398, "height": 78, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dawud said to the other person, \"What do you say?\" He said, \"I have ninety-nine sheep, and my brother has one sheep, and I want to take it from him and make my hundred sheep complete.\" He said, \"And he hates it.\" He said, \"If that's the case, and if you wish, we will hit him for you here, on this part, which is the tip of the nose and the front part of the forehead.\" He said, \"Dawud, you are more deserving of being hit here and here because you have ninety-nine wives, and Uriya only has one wife, and he is still under", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 735, "width": 107, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41 Labov and Waletzky, 6.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 747, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42 ayaz Afsar , “A Discourse and Linguistic Approach to Biblical and Qur’ānic Narrative,” Islamic Studies , no. 4 (2006): 514, https://doi.org/10.2307/20839038.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 63, "width": 398, "height": 26, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "trial of murder until he is killed, and his wife marries.\" He said, \"Dawud looked and did not see anyone, so he knew what had happened to him\". 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 103, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this juncture, subsequent to the narrative, Prophet Dawud discerns the injustice of his actions towards Uriya. This critical evaluation prompts a profound recognition of his transgression. Consequently, he becomes aware of his wrongdoing, indicating a pivotal moment of moral awakening and introspection within the narrative.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 185, "width": 80, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Resolution", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 207, "width": 470, "height": 183, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The resolution emerges after the complicating action, indicating a decrease in intensity or tension and the introduction of a solution to the conflict. In Isra'iliyyat narratives, the resolution follows the complication stage. Each complication in the narrative has a solution. The initial solution is repentance and regret. However, due to deep remorse, the first solution remains unacceptable and obstructive, leading to the emergence of another solution. This secondary solution involves seeking forgiveness and redemption through further actions or penance. The resolution phase in Isra'iliyyat narratives often portrays a moral or spiritual transformation in the characters, highlighting the importance of repentance, forgiveness, and personal growth. It marks the conclusion of the narrative arc, where the conflicts are resolved, and the characters undergo a significant change or realization as a result of their experiences. 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 470, "height": 115, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this segment, there are two additional pieces of information regarding the series of apologies and dissatisfaction with the acceptance of these apologies. The narrative reveals the following: after deep repentance and regret, the first solution was not fully accepted, leading to the emergence of an alternative solution. Dawud viewed this situation with hesitation, unsure of how to proceed. This indicates a complex internal conflict within him, which is an important part of the resolution in the narrative. It adds depth to the character and complexity to the situation, providing a basis for further development in the story.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 512, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "على باترلا لعجو هبرق دنع ماقف ،هبيج ملف هدوعاو ،هبيج ملف هعادو ،هبيج ملف تكسف", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 539, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ىدان مث هسأر : ،مولظلما لىإ عفديف هتبقرب ذخؤي ينح ل ليوطلا ليولا مث دوالد ليولا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 566, "width": 231, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "وطلا ليولا مث دوالد ليولا ،رولنا قلاخ ناحبس", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 566, "width": 168, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "عم ههجو على بحسي ينح ل لي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 593, "width": 165, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ا قلاخ ناحبس ،راّلنا لىإ ينئطالخا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 593, "width": 432, "height": 178, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "هبرقت ينح ل ليوطلا ليولا مث دوالد ليولا ،رولن رولنا قلاخ ناحبس ،راّلنا لىإ ينلماظلا عم ةينابزلا . لاق : ءامسلا نم ءادن هاتأف : دواد اي كتثرع تلقأو كءعاد تبجتساو كءاكب تحمرو كبنذ كل ترفغ دق لاق : براي نيع فعي مل بيحاصو نيع وفعت نأ ل فيك . 45 43 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , 507. 44 Budiwiyanto, “ Analisis Naratif Personal …, 189. 45 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … , 505.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 63, "width": 394, "height": 159, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "She (Uriya) remained silent, then did not respond, and Dawud called her but Uriya did not answer, and Dawud returned and stood at her grave and made dirt on his head and then called out: woe to Dawud and then a long woe to him when she was brought by her neck and then a long woe to him when she was dragged by her face with the sinners to the fire, glory to the creator of light, woe to Dawud and then a long woe to him when the angels brought her closer to the fire, glory to the Creator of light. He said: He gave her a call from heaven: O Dawud, I have forgiven your sins, I have mercy on your tears, I have answered your prayers, and have removed your stumbling. He said: O Lord, how can I forgive myself when my friend does not forgive me?. Kemudian datang panggilan dari langit, hai Dawud, kamu telah saya maafkan dosamu, telah saya beri rahmat tangisanmu, telah saya kabulkan doamu dan saya sedikitkan tergelincirmu. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Coda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 470, "height": 98, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Coda serves as the closing sequence of a story and can take the form of a final comment at the end of a narrative. A good Coda typically contains a message that leaves satisfaction for the listeners and serves to prevent further questions about the story. At the end of the story, the narrator usually gives a hint through a simple independent clause as a sign that the story has concluded. In Isrā’īliyyāt narratives, the end of the story is closed with a simple independent clause.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 357, "width": 398, "height": 103, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ After that event, Dawud's life was divided into four days. The first day was for adjudicating among the Bani Israel, the second day for his wives, the third day for wandering in the mountains and along the shores to weep, accompanied by the weeping of trees, sands, and birds, causing tears to flow like a lake. While weeping in the mountains, the rocks, mountains, and everything on the mountain wept with him; likewise, when he wept by the sea, the fish, sea, and everything in it wept with him. It is also said that Dawud did not drink except mixed with his tears. On the fourth day, he secluded himself in a house containing four thousand prayer niches ” . 46", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 466, "width": 470, "height": 183, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The narrative concludes with Prophet Dawud's new life, marked by a cycle of four recurring periods. This cyclic structure symbolizes the balance between worldly life and the hereafter. In these periods, Dawud engages in various activities that reflect his devotion to spiritual contemplation and seeking repentance. His days are spent adjudicating among the Bani Israel, devoting himself to his wives, weeping in solitude in the mountains and by the shores, and finally, secluding himself in a house containing four thousand prayer niches. This structured division of his time signifies a deliberate effort to balance his worldly responsibilities with his spiritual pursuits, suggesting a renewed dedication to righteousness and repentance. It underscores the transformative journey Dawud undergoes, moving from a state of moral transgression to one of spiritual renewal and devotion, as he seeks reconciliation with his past actions and strives for a life of piety and virtue.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 663, "width": 50, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 680, "width": 470, "height": 65, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The narrative concludes with Prophet Dawud's new life, characterized by a repetitive cycle of four periods. This structure symbolizes a balance between worldly responsibilities and spiritual pursuits. Dawud's days were divided into adjudicating among the Bani Israel, dedicating himself to his wives, mourning in solitude on mountains and shores, and finally", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46 al- Tha’labi, al-Kashf wa al-Bayan … ,507-508.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 335, "top": 43, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Isrāiliyyāt", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 403, "top": 780, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7, Number 1, 2023 35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 132, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "secluding himself in a house with four thousand prayer niches. This segmented lifestyle signifies Dawud's renewed commitment to spiritual contemplation and repentance, marking a transformative journey from moral transgression to spiritual renewal and fidelity. Additionally, the narrative recounts Dawud's trial, initiated by his desire for a position akin to his ancestors. Upon being tested, Dawud encountered a series of events that led to his repentance and eventual forgiveness by Allah. The story underscores themes of accountability, repentance, and divine mercy, illustrating Dawud's profound spiritual growth and reconciliation with his past actions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 471, "height": 166, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A su mmary of the narrative structure of Isrā'iliyyāt in the story of Dawud reveals five stages: orientation, complication, evaluation, resolution, and coda. Orientation introduces readers to the time, place, participants, situation, and activities in the story, often presented at the narrative's outset. Complication creates difficulty within the narrative, escalating through a series of events toward a peak of tension. Evaluation provides assessments of key events, aiding in reinforcing the core of the story. Resolution offers a resolution to the conflict, often through repentance and spiritual growth of the main character. Finally, the coda closes the story with a satisfying message. The story of Dawud portrays his journey from moral error to spiritual renewal, highlighting the importance of repentance, forgiveness, and personal growth.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 367, "width": 470, "height": 200, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Future research could delve deeper into the psychological and theological aspects of Prophet Dawud's narrative, exploring the intricacies of moral transformation and spiritual growth depicted in his story. One avenue of investigation could focus on the psychological mechanisms underlying Dawud's journey from moral transgression to spiritual renewal, examining factors such as guilt, remorse, and redemption. Additionally, further exploration into the theological implications of Dawud's repentance and forgiveness by Allah could shed light on broader themes of divine mercy and human accountability within Islamic narratives. Comparative studies could also be conducted to examine similarities and differences between Dawud's narrative in Isrā'iliyyāt and its counterparts in other religious traditions, offering insights into shared moral and spiritual themes across cultures. By addressing these research questions, scholars can deepen our understanding of Prophet Dawud's narrative and its significance within Islamic theology and morality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 470, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abu Shuhbah, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. Al- Isrāilliyāt W a al- Maudhu’āt Fi Kutub al - Tafsīr . Kairo: Maktabah al-Sunnah, 1408.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 471, "height": 84, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afsar, Ayaz . “A Discourse and Linguistic Approach to Biblical and Qur’ānic Narrative.” Islamic Studies , no. 4 (2006): 493 – 517. https://doi.org/10.2307/20839038. Anwar, Rasihan. Melacak Unsur-Unsur Israiliyyat dalam Tafsir Ath-Thabarî dan Tafsir Ibnu Katsîr . Bandung: CV. Pustaka Setia, 1999. Aṣgharpūr, Ḥasan. “The Methodology of Al-Kashf Wa al- Bayān Fī Tafsīr al - Qur’ān.” Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (2021): 53 – 67.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 710, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Avivy, Ahmad Levi Fachrul, Jawiah Dakir, and Mazlan Ibrahim. “Isra’iliyyat in Interpretive Literature of Indonesia: A Comparison between Tafsir Marah Labid and Tafsir Al- Azhar.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences , no. 1 (2015): 401 – 407. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p401.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 70, "top": 44, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moh. Muhyiddin, Muhammad Dluha Luthfillah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "QOF : Jurnal Studi al- Qur’an dan Tafsir 36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 63, "width": 470, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budiwiyanto, Adi. “ Analisis Naratif Personal Lisan Siswa Sekolah Dasar ” . Aksara , no. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 468, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2015): 185-193. https://doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v27i2.183.185-193. Dhahabi, Muhammad Husain al-. Al- Isrā’iliyyāt f ī al - Tafsīr wa al-Hadith . Kairo: Majma’ al - Buhuth al- Islamiyyah, 1971.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 470, "height": 71, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "——— . Al- Tafsīr w a al- Mufassirūn . Kairo: Dār al-Hadith, 1970. Ibn Manẓur, Jamal al -Din. Lisān a l- Arāb . Beirut: Dār al - Șadr, 1414. Ibn Taimiyah. Muqaddimah f ī Ushul al- Tafsīr . Kairo: Dār al - Ḍiya Maktabah al -Sunnah, 1408. Ibrahim, Mazlan, and Ahmed Kamel Mohamad. “Israiliyat Dalam Kitab Tafsir Anwar Ba idawi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 176, "width": 434, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Islamiyyat , no. 02 (2004): 23 – 37. https://ejournal.ukm.my/islamiyyat/article/view/2056/1560.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 205, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ja’far, Musā’id Muslim Abdullah Alī. Athar al- Taṭawwur al -Fikr f ī al - Tafsīr fī al ‘Aṣrī al ‘Abb ā sī . Beirut: Mu’assasah al - Risālah, 1984. PDF ebook", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johnstone, Barbara. (2004) “Discourse Analysis and Narrative,” In: Schiffrin D, Tannen D and Hamilton H (eds) The Handbook of Discourse Analysis . Oxford – Malden: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 635-649.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 276, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "al- Tha’labi, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim Abu Ishāq . Al-Kashf wa al- Bayān ‘an Tafsīr al- Qur’ān . Jedah: Dār al - Tafsīr, 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 470, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Labov, William, and Josh Waletzky. “Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.” Journal of Narrative and Life History, no. 7 (1997): 3 – 38. https://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.7.02nar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 346, "width": 470, "height": 73, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maarif, Lumngatul, and Eka Prasetiawati. “Analisis Isra’iliyyat Dalam Tafsir Hasyiah Al -Sawi Karya Ahmad Bin Muhammad Sawi Al- Maliki” . AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis 4, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 97-115. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v4i1.1374. Madaniy, A Malik. “Isrāīliyyāt dan Mauḍū‘ ā t dalam Tafsir al- Qur’ ā n. Studi Tafsīr al - Jalālain.” Disertasi, Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 470, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Na’nā’ah, Ramzī. Al- Isrāiliyyāt wa Atharuhā fī Kutub al - Tafsīr . Dima shqa: Dār al -Qalam, 1970. Naseha, Naya, Wawan Gunawan, and Syihabuddin Syihabuddin. \"Analisis Genre Pada Kisah Ratu Balqis Dalam Al-Quran.\" Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan 20.3 (2020): 438-444.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 461, "width": 470, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nuryansah, Mohamad. Israiliat Contribution In Contemporary Exegesis: (The Effort To Establish Israiliat Which Is Silenced ‘Mauquf’ As A Source Of An Interpretation ). International Conference on Qur’an and Hadith Studies , 2017: 38-42.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 503, "width": 471, "height": 57, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sharbasi, Ahmad al-. Qiṣṣāt At - Tafsīr . Kairo: Dār Al - Qalām, 1962. Ṭayyar, Musāid bin Sulaiman bin Nāshir al -. Tafsīr Al - Qur’ān bi al - Isrāilliyāt Naḍ rah Taqwīmiyyah . Riyadl: Majjalah Ma’had al -Imam al- Shāthibi li al-D irāsāt al - Qur’āniyah, 1433. PDF ebook", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 471, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wang, Yue. “Narrative Structure Analysis: A Story from ‘Hannah Gadsby: Nanette.’” Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 682-687. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1105.03.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 602, "width": 470, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Watson, Karen Ann. “A Rhetorical and Sociolinguistic Model for the Analysis of Narrative.” American Anthropologist 75, no. 1 (February 1973): 243 – 264. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1973.75.1.02a00150.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 529, "top": 770, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 209, "top": 29, "width": 184, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SPIRIT VOL 15 NO 2 (2023) 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 239, "top": 43, "width": 128, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL SPIRIT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 258, "top": 63, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "225/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 90, "width": 86, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2721-057X p-ISSN 2085-3092", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 69, "top": 133, "width": 446, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI METODE WATERFALL PADA SISTEM LAYANAN PEMESANAN JASA DESAIN BERBASIS ANDROID", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 262, "top": 181, "width": 78, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Misbakhul Munir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 194, "width": 382, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi/ ProdiTeknik Informatika, Universiras Yudharta, Pasuruan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 231, "width": 424, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah diterima: 18 Oktober 2023 ; Direvisi : 09 Nopember 2023 ; Disetujui : 09 Nopember 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 259, "width": 51, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 281, "width": 480, "height": 231, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak - PT. Putra Wisanggeni satu merupakan perusahaan yang aktif di bidang plathform digital , konsultan bisnis dan perdagangan dalam Perusahaan tersebut hampir seluruh aktivitas pemesanan jasa menggunakan WhatsApp messenger, kelemahan yang di dapat yaitu, seringkali sulit untuk mengetahui dengan jelas detail percakapan sebelumnya sehingga menjadi kendala ketika terdapat perubahan atau revisi dalam permintaan dan rentan data percakapan hilang atau tidak sengaja terhapus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu merancang dan membangun aplikasi pemesanan jasa desain dan aplikasi berbasis android untuk meningkatan kualitas pelayanan dalam mempermudah pemesanan jasa agar lebih efisien .penelitian ini melibatkan beberapa langkah, termasuk Analisis masalah, pengumpulan data, perancangan dan pengembangan aplikasi serta pengujian aplikasi. Pada tahapan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan obeservasi dan untuk metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode waterfall. Pada tahapan pengujian aplikasi metode blackbox testing menunjukan hampir semua fitur yang diimplemtasikan berhasil dan berfungsi dengan baik serta hasil dari pengujian usability testing, pada aspek Effectiveness 94,2%, aspek Efficiency 0,163 goals / Sec dengan nilai overal relative efficiency sebesar 83,3%. Dan untuk aspek satisfaction sebesar 78,5 . hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi dapat melihat daftar harga jasa, melakukan pemesanan jasa, revisi jasa dan pembayaran dengan metode transfer bank .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 525, "width": 477, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Investasi Saham, Jakarta Islamic Indeks 70, Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Proses Hirarki Analitik, Pengelolaan Uang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 549, "width": 54, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 571, "width": 477, "height": 157, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract - PT. Son Wisanggeni one is an active company in the field of digital platforms, business consultants and trade within the Company almost all the activity of booking services using WhatsApp messenger, weaknesses are that, often it is difficult to know clearly details of previous conversations so it becomes an obstacle when there are changes or revisions in the request and vulnerable conversations data is lost or accidentally deleted. The aim of this research is to design and build design and android-based service booking applications to improve the quality of service in facilitating service booking to be more efficient.This research involves several steps, including problem analysis, data collection, application design and development as well as application testing. At the stage data collection is done using the interview and observation methods and for system development methods using the waterfall method. In the stage of application testing the blackbox testing method shows almost all the features implemented are successful and functioning well as the results of the usability testing, on the Effectiveness aspect 94.2%, the Efficiency aspect 0.163 goals / Sec with the overal relative efficiency rating of 83.3%. And for the satisfaction aspect of 78.5. The results of this study show that applications can view the price list of services, make service orders, revise services and pay with bank transfer methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 741, "width": 477, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywoard : Stock Investment, Jakarta Islamic Index 70, Decision Support System, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Money Management .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 77, "width": 119, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 115, "width": 234, "height": 526, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam era perkembangan teknologi saat ini, kegiatan manusia dari yang sederhana hingga kompleks terus mengalami perubahan [1]. Kecepatan informasi yang disediakan oleh teknologi sangat memudahkan aktivitas sehari- hari manusia [2]. Hampir semua jenis bisnis saat ini menggunakan teknologi sebagai pendukung usaha mereka [3]. Hal ini memberikan kemudahan bagi para pengusaha dalam menjalankan bisnis mereka. Perkembangan yang pesat dari sistem operasi Android saat ini telah menyebabkan teknologi berbasis mobile dianggap sangat efisien dan efektif karena mengadopsi sistem mobile tanpa perlu menggunakan kabel [4]. Penggunaan teknologi nirkabel yang umumnya terhubung melalui jaringan internet merupakan salah satu jenis layanan dengan model client-server [5]. Penerapan model client-server dalam lingkungan mobile, khususnya dalam pertukaran data, menjadi solusi yang signifikan untuk kebutuhan pelayanan sehari-hari. Pemanfaatan model komunikasi client-server dalam lingkungan platform Android juga memiliki manfaat dalam mempermudah layanan pemesanan jasa online [6].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 648, "width": 234, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT. Putra Wisanggeni Satu merupakan perusahaan yang aktif di bidang plathform digital, konsultan bisnis dan perdagangan. Diantara-nya yaitu jasa design grafis, jasa apliksi,website dan servis laptop . Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tanggal 21 April 2021 Dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 78, "width": 236, "height": 443, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "merupakan perusahaan yang baru berkembang. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara oleh pihak PT. Putra Wisangeni satu dapat diketahui sistem pemesanan jasa belum terkomputerisasi dengan baik, dalam Perusahaan tersebut hampir seluruh aktivitas pemesanan jasa menggunakan WhatsApp messenger, kelemahan yang di dapat dengan menggunakan whatsapp mesenger yaitu Pada komunikasi melalui chat menggunakan WhatsApp Messenger, seringkali sulit untuk melacak dan mengingat dengan jelas detail percakapan sebelumnya. Hal ini dapat menjadi kendala ketika terdapat perubahan atau revisi dalam permintaan atau kesepakatan yang harus diikuti.dan rentan data percakapan hilang atau tidak sengaja terhapus hal ini membuat penurunan kualitas pelayanan dan respon kepada konsumen serta pengisian formulir pemesanan jasa yang menggunakan google form yang rentan kehilangan data jika tidak di backup secara berkala .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 529, "width": 222, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun Aplikasi pemesanan Jasa desain dan aplikasi Berbasis android, untuk meningkatan kualitas pelayanan dalam mempermudah pemesanan jasa agar lebih efisien sehingga memperbaiki respon kepada customer, dengan menggunakan Metode waterfall untuk pengembangan sistemnya dan menggunakan usability testing untuk mengetahui kualitas kegunaan, sejauh mana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 78, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengguna dapat menggunakan aplikasi dengan baik dan blackbox testing untuk mengetahui fungsionalitas sistem berjalan dengan baik [3] [7] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 180, "width": 67, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 206, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Teknik Pengumpulan data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 226, "width": 69, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Observasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 247, "width": 198, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti melakukan pengamatan langsung untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih jelas mengenai sistem layanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 308, "width": 185, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pmesanan jasa yang sedang berjalan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 329, "width": 231, "height": 259, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Wawancara penulis melakukan wawancara dengan melalui tatap muka dan tanya jawab langsung antara penulis dan narasumber yaitu dengan bapak Mukhammad Alvan Nurdin S.ST selaku direktur/CEO dari Pt. Putra Wisanggeni Satu. 2. Metode pengembangan Sistem Pada penelitian ini, digunakan metode waterfall yang merupakan suatu pendekatan dalam pengembangan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 81, "top": 595, "width": 212, "height": 157, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perangkat lunak. Dalam metode ini, tahapan pengembangan dilakukan secara berurutan dan setiap tahap harus menunggu selesainya tahap sebelumnya, mirip seperti air terjun [8]. Metode ini memastikan pendekatan yang sistematis dan urut mulai dari mengidentifikasi kebutuhan sistem hingga melakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 78, "width": 212, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "analisis, desain, development, testing, dan maintenance pada perangkat lunak yang dikembangkan [9] [10].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 295, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Metode waterfall", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 336, "width": 190, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut penejelasan dari tahap – tahap metode waterfall :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 377, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Analisis Kebutuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 397, "width": 191, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengumpulkan kebutuhan secara lengkap Pada tahap ini, dilakukan wawancara dan observasi untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang apa yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 500, "width": 191, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diinginkan oleh pengguna atau user aplikasi. Setelah melakukan analisis tersebut, akan terbentuk daftar kebutuhan pengguna atau yang sering disebut sebagai user requirement [11] [12].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 643, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Design System", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 348, "top": 664, "width": 191, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap perancangan sistem, langkahnya adalah menyusun proses, data, aliran proses, serta relasi antara data agar dapat beroperasi secara optimal guna memenuhi persyaratan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 292, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 78, "width": 212, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengguna sebagaimana yang telah diidentifikasi dalam analisis kebutuhan yang telah dilaksanakan [10]. c. Development", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 180, "width": 191, "height": 280, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap penulisan kode program merupakan tahap di mana desain sistem yang telah dibuat diterjemahkan menjadi serangkaian perintah yang dapat dimengerti oleh komputer. Proses ini melibatkan penggunaan bahasa pemrograman kotlin dan basis data MySQL sebagai alat implementasi. Dalam tahap ini, pengembang akan mengubah konsep desain sistem menjadi kode-kode yang spesifik untuk menjalankan aplikasi pemesanan jasa desain dan aplikasi [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 467, "width": 212, "height": 198, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Pengujian Pada tahap ini, modul yang dibuat akan digabungkan dan diuji. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat lunak yang dibuat sesuai dengan struktur dan fungsinya, apakah terdapat kesalahan pada perangkat lunak tersebut atau tidak. pengujian aplikasi menggunakan blackbox testing dan usability testing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 672, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Pemeliharaan (maintanance) [14].", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 693, "width": 191, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap terakhir, perangkat lunak yang sudah jadi dioperasikan pengguna dan dilakukan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 78, "width": 194, "height": 197, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemeliharaan. dalam Pemeliharaan memungkinkan pengembang untuk melakukan perbaikan atas kesalahan yang tidak terdeteksi pada tahap- tahap sebelumnya. Pemeliharaan meliputi perbaikan kesalahan, perbaikankan implementasi unit sistem dan peningkatan dan penyesuaian sistem sesuai dengan kebutuhan [15] [16].", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 303, "width": 195, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 340, "width": 48, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 341, "top": 360, "width": 198, "height": 239, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT putra wisanggeni satu merupakam perusahaan yang baru berkembang pada tahun 2021 yang berlokasi di gondang wetan-pasuruan .aplikasi yang dibangun dapat meningkat kan kualitas pelayanan terhadap customer dalam pemesanan jasa. Fitur yang dapat dilakukan yaitu customer dapat dapat melihat daftar harga jasa, melakukan pemesanan jasa, revisi jasa dan pembayaran dengan metode transfer bank.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 627, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 647, "width": 208, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Analisa Kebutuhan Sistem merupakan langkah awal yang krusial dalam pengembangan aplikasi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 341, "top": 708, "width": 198, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan bahwa fitur-fitur yang dikembangkan dalam aplikasi dapat memenuhi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 78, "width": 198, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "harapan dan tujuan para pengguna,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 98, "width": 198, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serta mengatasi masalah-masalah yang ada. Dengan melakukan analisis ini, kita bisa lebih yakin bahwa aplikasi yang dibangun akan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan memberikan solusi yang diinginkan oleh para pengguna. Data – data tersebut dilakukan melalui", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 341, "top": 78, "width": 198, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "observasi dan wawancara pada PT. putra wisanggeni satu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 138, "width": 460, "height": 326, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Kebutuhan fungsional Kebutuhan fungsional menggambarkan informasi fitur-fitur yang terdapat pada aplikasi : user Fungsi Keterangan admin Menu tambah iklan Menambahkan dan hapus iklan pada dashboard (admin dan customer Menu list pesanan Melihat dan mengkonfirmasi pesanan masuk Menu teknisi Inpu, edit dan hapus data teknisi Customer Menu jasa Memili jasa yang tersedia Menu transaksi Melakukan proses transaksi Menu chat Melalukan chat ke admin untuk konsultasi jasa Menu profil Menampilkan profil pengguna Tabel 1. Kebutuhan fungsional c. Kebutuhan non fungsional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 472, "width": 71, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hardware", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 492, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Laptop Dell latitude E6430s", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 513, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Ram : 8 gb", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 534, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Ssd : 512 gb", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 105, "top": 555, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Software", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 575, "width": 150, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Sistem operasi windows 10", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 596, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Figma", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 617, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Php myadmin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 638, "width": 54, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Xampp", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 105, "top": 660, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Smartphone xiaomi mi 11t", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 680, "width": 155, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Android 11, red velvet cake", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 701, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Octacore 3.0Ghz", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 722, "width": 141, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• RAM/ROM : 8gb/256gb", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 346, "top": 451, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. desain sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 472, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. UseCase diagram", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 405, "top": 629, "width": 95, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Usecase", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 650, "width": 214, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 3. Merupakan usecase diagram pemesaan jasa, menjelaskan terdapat 2 (dua) pengguna yaitu admin dan clien/ customer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 301, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 78, "width": 198, "height": 190, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Activity diagram Gambar 4. Activity diagram login", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 276, "width": 214, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 4. Menjelaskan activity diagram login, ketika tombol login di klik maka akan menampilkan halaman login kemudia user memasukkan username dan password setelah itu dialihkan ke menu dashboard.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 700, "width": 218, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Activity diagram pemesanan jasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 78, "width": 217, "height": 484, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 5. Menjelaskan acitivity diagram pemesan jasa (customer ),user melakukan login terlebih dahulu kemudian menampilkan menu dashboard jasa setelah memilih jasa maka akan menampilkan menu pricelist untuk menampilkan harga dann menu chat admin untuk konsultasi jasa setelah itu klik checkout dan akan menampilan form pemesanan apabila form telah disi maka klik proses ( menunggu konfirmasi admin) setelah itu pilih menu transaksi dan pilih pesanan yang baru dibuat maka akan menampilkan detail pesanan pada menu detail pesanan klik bayar dp maka akan muncul menu pembayaran setelah itu upload bukti pembayaran dan klik proses ( menunggu konfirmasi admin bahwa jasa sudah selesai). Masuk menu transaksi pilih pesanan maka akan menampilkan detail pesanan ( memuat link demo pesanan) apabila pesanan sesuai maka klik selesai kan pesanan dan upload bukti sisa pembayaran dan selesai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 77, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Implementasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 97, "width": 211, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut ini beberapa tampilan dari aplikasi pemesanan jasa desain dan aplikasi:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 159, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Halaman login", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 382, "width": 214, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5 . halaman login pada gambar 5. Merupakakan tampilan halaman login, masukkan username name dan password apabila sudah pernah daftar akun dan klik daftar disini apabila belum mempunyai akun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 526, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dasboard pemesanan jasa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 743, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Halaman dashboard", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 78, "width": 214, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 6. diatas menampilkan menu dashboard untuk customer, yang berisi kategori jasa, menu transaksi, chat dan profil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 180, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Halaman pricelist", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 342, "top": 446, "width": 214, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7 . halaman pricelist pada gambar 7. diatas menampilkan daftar harga jasa apabila menu pricelist di klik di setiap kategori jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 528, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Halaman form pemesanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 751, "width": 186, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Halaman form pemesanan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 78, "width": 214, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 8. diatas menampilkan form pemesana jasa design apabila tombol checkout pada menu jasa desain di klik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 139, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Halaman revisi jasa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 105, "top": 417, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Halaman revisi jasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 437, "width": 214, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 9. menampilkan form revisi jasa untuk melakukan perubahan jika diperlukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 78, "width": 160, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Halaman menu pembayaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 269, "width": 170, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10. Halaman pembayaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 342, "top": 289, "width": 214, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 10. menampilkan menu pembayaran jasa, dengan meng-upload bukti pembayaran sesuai jumlah yang telah di atur admin, upload file dengan cara meng-klik tombol upload pada icon camera lalu klik proses untuk meng- upload.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 453, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Pengujian aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 342, "top": 473, "width": 214, "height": 218, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian aplikasi adalah proses yang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas, kehandalan, dan kinerja suatu aplikasi sebelum dirilis ke pengguna. Bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa aplikasi berfungsi dengan baik, sesuai dengan persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan, dan memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini pengujian menggunakan metode blackbox testing dan usability testing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 67, "top": 77, "width": 480, "height": 654, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. blackbox testing No. Komponen yang diuji Pengujian Hasil pengujian Berhasil/tidak 1 Button mulai(getstarted) Klik tombol “getstarted” Menampilkan halaman dashbord pengguna Berhasil 2 Menu tambah iklan(admin) Pilih menu tambah iklan Menampilkan iklan pada dashboard admin maupun customer Berhasil 3 Menu list pesanan ( admin) Pelih menu list pesanan Menampilkan pesanan jasa yang masuk Berhasil 3 Menu teknisi(admin) Pilih menu teknisi Menampilkan data teknisi pada menu teknisi Berhasil 4. Menu chat (admin) Pilih menu chat Menampilkan pesan dari customer Berhasil 5 Button cetak laporan bulan Klik button “cetak laporan bulanan” Menmpilkan data pesannan selama 1 bulan dalam bentuk pdf Berhasil 6 Button bukti pembayaran Klik button “bukti pembayaran” Menampilkan bukti pembayaran dari customrt Berhasil 7 Menu jasa (customer) Pilih menu jasa Menampilkan menu jasa berhasil 8 Button pricelist(harga jasa) klik botton pricelist Menampilkan list harga jasa Berhasil 9 Menu chat ( customer) Mengirim pesan kepada admin Merespon pesan yang dikirm berhasil 10 Button checkout Klik botton “checkout” Menampilkan form pemesanan Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 301, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 67, "top": 78, "width": 480, "height": 158, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Komponen yang diuji Pengujian Hasil pengujian Berhasil/tidak 11 Button bayar Klik botton “bayar” Menampikan form metode pembayaran berhasil 12 Menu transaksi Pilih menu transaksi Menampilkan pesanan jasa Berhasil 13 Menu profil Pilih menu profil Menampilkan profil pengguna Berhasil Tabel 2. Hasil pengujian blackbox testing", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 264, "width": 242, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel 2, dapat diketahui hasil dari pengujian blackbox testing yaitu hampir seluruh fungsionalitas sistem berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 346, "width": 95, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Usabilty testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 386, "width": 242, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tahap ke dua yaitu pengujian usability testing. Usability adalah hal yang sangat penting dalam merancang sistem atau aplikasi karena dapat memengaruhi sejauh mana pengguna dapat menggunakan sistem atau aplikasi dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 264, "width": 243, "height": 193, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan informasi dari ISO 9241-11, usability memiliki tiga aspek utama yaitu efektivitas, efisiensi, dan kepuasan. Dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas, efisiensi dan kepuasan pengguna“, dari aplikasi pemesanan jasa desain dan aplikasi ” , penulis akan melakukan pengujian dan perhitungan yang akan di jelaskan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 509, "width": 202, "height": 223, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kode tugas Keterangan tugas/ task T1 Melakukan login T2 Melihat daftar jasa T3 Melakukan proses pemesanan jasa T4 Melakukan pembayaran (dp) T5 Melakukan revisi jasa T6 Melakukan sisa pembayaran T7 Melakukan LogOut Tabel 3. Kode dan keterangan tugas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 488, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Effectiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 509, "width": 242, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Efektivitas adalah faktor yang penting dalam menentukan tingkat keberhasilan pengguna dalam mencapai tujuan mereka melalui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 578, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Efficiency", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 599, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penggunaan perangkat lunak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 628, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESPOND", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 329, "top": 628, "width": 218, "height": 120, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EN TUGAS T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 R1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 R3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 R5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tabel 4. Hasil pengujian aspek Effectiveness", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 78, "width": 242, "height": 95, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan aspek Effectiveness dari rumus diatas nilai yang dihasilkan yaitu 94,2%, maka dapar disimpulkan aplikasi pemesanan jasa desain dan aplikasi memiliki kualitas efektifitas yang tergolong baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 181, "width": 416, "height": 180, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responden Waktu ( s ) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 R1 20s 4s 135s 36s 60s 40s 1s R2 23s 3s 187s0 41s 65s 37s 2s R3 21s 6s 140s 39s 71s 41s 1s R4 26s 4s 137s 40s 87s0 39s 1 R5 20s 7s 152s 46s 75s 36s 2s Tabel 5. Hasil pengujian aspek Efficiency", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 368, "width": 223, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan oleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 389, "width": 223, "height": 95, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "responden, seperti yang terlihat pada Tabel 5. akan dilakukan perhitungan metrik efisiensi, dengan memanfaatkan Time Based Efficiency dan overal Relative Efficiency . Perhitungannya sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 501, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 519, "width": 157, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 𝛴 𝑗 𝑅 =1𝛴 𝑖 𝑁 =1 𝑛𝑖𝑗 𝑡𝑖𝑗̇ 𝑁𝑅 ....................... (1) = 1 20 + 1 23 + 1 21 + ………..+ 1 2 7 𝑥 5 = 5,715", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 96, "top": 595, "width": 88, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35 = 0, 163 goals / Sec", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 102, "top": 630, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 648, "width": 133, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 𝛴 𝐽 𝑅 𝛴 𝑖 𝑁 𝑛𝑖𝑗𝑡𝑖𝑗 𝛴 𝐽 𝑅 = 1𝛴 𝑖 𝑁 = 1 𝑡𝑖𝑗 × 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 688, "width": 142, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1𝑥20)+(1𝑥23)+⋯+(1𝑥2) 20+23+⋯+2 𝑥 100%", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 712, "width": 54, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 83,3 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 388, "width": 73, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Satisfaction", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 320, "top": 408, "width": 219, "height": 157, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap ini, peneliti menggunakan kuesioner System Usability Scale (SUS) untuk mengevaluasi kepuasan pengguna aplikasi pemesanan jasa desain dan aplikasi. Ada 5 orang yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, telah dirangkum tanggapan dari para responden dalam Tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 695, "width": 7, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "=", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 292, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 78, "width": 471, "height": 165, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Responden Usia Jenis Kelamin Skor (Data) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 1. Responden 1 21 Laki -Laki 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2. Responden 2 27 Laki – Laki 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3. Responden 3 25 Laki – Laki 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4. Responden 4 24 Laki – Laki 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 5. Responden 5 25 Laki – Laki 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 Tabel 6. hasil quisioner dari 5 responden", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 275, "width": 226, "height": 157, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kepuasan pengguna didapatkan melalui sebuah survei System Usability Scale. Didapatkan rekapitulasi jawaban partisipan survei SUS yang dijabarkan pada Tabel diatas. Setelah mengetahui skor dari responden lalu menjumlahkan nilai SUS kemudian di kalikan dengan 2.5. hasil pada tabel berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 726, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. hasil skor sus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 279, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumus perhitungan SUS:", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 365, "top": 304, "width": 162, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝒙 ̅ = ∑𝒙 𝒏 ...................................... (2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 371, "top": 336, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝒙 ̅ = 𝒔𝒌𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒂 − 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒂", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 364, "top": 360, "width": 123, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑𝒙 = 𝑱𝒖𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝑺𝒌𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝑼𝑺 𝒏 = 𝑱𝒖𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 484, "width": 201, "height": 33, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Standar penentuan skor SUS Bangor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 529, "width": 223, "height": 218, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penilaian SUS. Selanjutnya mengunakan standart penenetuan skor bangor, dari hasil perhitungan diatas yaitu 78,5. Maka di ketahui grade scale mendapatkan nilai C dan acceptability range mendapatkan nilai hight. dengan adiective range “Good” dari data tersebut disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi sistem layanan jasa design dan aplikasi berbasis android memiliki tingkat kegunaan yang baik serta mampu memenuhi harapan para partisipan sebagai calon pengguna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 479, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responden Jumlah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 228, "top": 447, "width": 30, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 79, "top": 467, "width": 191, "height": 226, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penilaian ( jumlah x 2.5 ) 1 29 72.5 2 35 87,5 3 29 72,5 4 34 85 5 30 75 Skor rata – rata ( Hasil akhir 78,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SPIRIT Vol. 15 No. 2 Nopember 2023, hal 52 - 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 36, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P- ISSN : 2085 – 3092", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E- ISSN : 2721 – 057X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 765, "width": 11, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 78, "width": 223, "height": 259, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu blackbox testing untuk uji fungsionalitas aplikasi menunjukan hampir semua fitur yang diimeplemtasikan berhasil dan berfungsi dengan baik dan usability testing untuk melihat sejauh mana pengguna dapat menggunakan sistem atau aplikasi dengan baik yang meliputi aspek efektifitas, efisiensi dan kepuasan, maka diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : pada aspek Effectiveness 94,2%, aspek Efficiency 0,163 goals / Sec dengan nilai overal relative efficiency sebesasar 83,3%. Dan untuk aspek satisfaction sebesar 78,5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 390, "width": 98, "height": 17, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 428, "width": 223, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat di simpilkan bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 469, "width": 201, "height": 116, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Aplikasi ini dapat mempermudah proses pemesanan jasa dan aplikasi yang dibangun menunjukkan dapat melakukan pemesanan jasa, revisi jasa dan pembayaran dengan metode transfer bank.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 592, "width": 204, "height": 171, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Hasil dari pengujian blackbox testing menunjukan hampir semua fitur yang diimeplemtasikan berhasil dan berfungsi dengan baik. Dan Hasil dari pengujian usability testing yang telah dilakukan maka diperoleh hasil yaitu pada aspek Effectiveness", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 78, "width": 188, "height": 237, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94,2%, aspek Efficiency 0,163 goals / Sec dengan nilai overal relative efficiency sebesasar 83,3%. Dan untuk aspek satisfaction sebesar 78,5. 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[ { "left": 99, "top": 157, "width": 412, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tantangan Media Massa Dalam Menghadapi Era Disrupsi Teknologi Informasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 193, "width": 141, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reza Ade Putra [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 228, "width": 405, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Studi Sistem Informasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Raden Fatah Palembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 250, "width": 280, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima: 16 Januari 2019 | Direvisi: 05 Maret 2019 | Disetujui: 30 Mei 2019 © 2019 Program Studi Sistem Informasi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 291, "width": 414, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Media massa atau pers, merupakan alat atau sarana penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat luas melalui media massa seperti media cetak maupun elektronik. Media massa dapat dibagi atas tiga jenis, yaitu media elektronik seperti televisi dan radio, media cetak yaitu koran dan majalah dan terakhir yaitu media online seperti internet, streaming televise dan informasi yang dapat diakses melalui internet. Jumlah pengguna internet yang begitu cepat bertambah ini menjadi semakin meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya variasi media komunikasi berbasis internet. Pemanfaatannya yang begitu mudah dan dapat diakses dimana saja menjadi pilihan bagi sebagian besar masyarakat. Media cetak pun nyaris tersingkir dengan kehadiran media online. Menyikapi kemungkinan tersebut, maka industri media massa di Indonesia dituntut untuk menyesuaikan dirinya pada era globalisasi berbasis teknologi digital pada saat ini. Salah satu solusi yang diambil adalah digitalisasi koran dalam bentuk e-paper guna menjangkau pembaca yang lebih luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 417, "width": 204, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Media Cetak, Media Online, Internet", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 443, "width": 414, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: The mass media or the press, is a tool or means of delivering information to the general public through mass media such as print and electronic media. The mass media can be divided into three types, namely electronic media such as television and radio, print media namely newspapers and magazines and finally, online media such as the internet, streaming television and information that can be accessed via internet. The number of internet users is rapidly increasing as the variety of internet-based communication media develops. It is utilization is so easy and can be accessed anywhere becomes the choice for most people. The newspaper was almost eliminated by the presence of online media. In response to this possibility, the mass media industry in Indonesia is required to adapt itself to the current era of globalization based on cyber media technology. One of the solutions taken was the digitalization of newspapers in the form of e-paper to reach a wider audience.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 558, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Offline Media, Online Media, Internet", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 583, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 602, "width": 414, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media massa atau pers, merupakan alat atau sarana penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat luas melalui media massa seperti media cetak maupun elektronik. Sesuai dengan definisinya, media massa merupakan suatu istilah yang digunakan untuk mengistilahkan sebuah media yang mampu mencakup dan memberikan informasi langsung kepada masyarakat luas. Media massa dapat dibagi atas tiga jenis yang selama ini sudah tidak asing lagi di mata masyarakat, yaitu media elektronik seperti televisi dan radio, media cetak yaitu koran dan majalah dan terakhir merupakan suatu hal yang sangat populer dan sedang menjadi alat yang dikonsumsi hampir semua masyarakat di era globalisasi yang maju saat ini yaitu media online seperti internet , streaming televise dan informasi yang dapat diakses melalui internet.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 728, "width": 414, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Tahun 2018, Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) berkolaborasi dengan Polling Indonesia melakukan survei tentang gambaran terkini dan kemajuan serta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 94, "width": 150, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-092X, e-ISSN: 2623-1662 Volume 5, Nomor 1, Juni 2019 Hal. 1 - 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 421, "top": 92, "width": 92, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUSIFO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 371, "top": 118, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JURNAL SISTEM INFORMASI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 59, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 JUSIFO (Jurnal Sistem Informasi), p-ISSN: 2460-092X, e-ISSN: 2623-1662", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 776, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5, Nomor 1, Juni 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 413, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pertumbuhan internet di Tanah Air. Hasilnya, pengguna internet Indonesia bertambah 10,12 persen pada 2018 dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Secara total, pengguna internet mencapai 171,17 juta pengguna dari populasi 264,16 juta jiwa (APJII, 2018). Jumlah pengguna internet yang begitu cepat bertambah ini menjadi semakin meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya variasi media komunikasi berbasis internet. Pemanfaatannya yang begitu mudah dan dapat diakses dimana saja menjadi pilihan bagi sebagian besar masyarakat. Media cetak pun nyaris tersingkir dengan kehadiran media online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 176, "width": 414, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam bukunya The Vanishing Newspaper terbitan 2006, Philip Meyer meramalkan bahwa pada Tahun 2044 mendatang hanya akan terdapat satu eksemplar surat kabar. Masa depan surat kabar belakangan ini menjadi pertanyaan besar di tengah gempuran media TV, radio, terutama internet. Sejumlah survei menunjukkan posisi surat kabar mulai tergerus oleh penetrasi media online (Kusuma, 2016). Menyikapi hal itu, media cetak perlu untuk berbenah diri menyesuaikan arus besar yang memaksa setiap media massa melakukan revolusi besar- besaran agar tak ketinggalan zaman dan menjadi bagian sejarah peradaban manusia. Karena jika tidak, ramalan Philip Meyer bisa jadi kenyataan kalau tak ada inovasi baru dari pimpinan media massa untuk menyikapi perkembangan yang ada. Ramalan itu bukan tanpa alasan dan dapat terbukti jika pihak media massa tak mengantisipasi segala perubahan yang terjadi di dunia jurnalistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 315, "width": 414, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menyikapi kemungkinan tersebut, maka industri media massa di Indonesia dituntut untuk menyesuaikan dirinya pada era globalisasi berbasis teknologi digital pada saat ini. Fenomena perkembangan era teknologi digital saat ini menuntut media massa di Indonesia untuk melakukan sebuah inovasi terbaru, agar media massa dapat diakses secara cepat dan praktis oleh masyarakat, sebagai pemenuh kebutuhan masyarakat akan informasi yang cepat tepat dan akurat. Maka terciptalah sebuah media massa terbaru yang mampu menjawab tantangan tersebut dan dianggap mampu menjadi solusi bagi media massa agar tetap memiliki eksistensi dalam masyarakat. Salah satu jenis media massa yang saat ini bergerak dan mulai menyesuaikan dengan era globalisasi berbasis teknologi digital dan mulai masuk kedalam konvergensi media saat ini adalah media cetak seperti surat kabar, majalah dan tabloid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 455, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 475, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 494, "width": 414, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang lebih ditekankan pada upaya untuk mendeskripsikan tantangan dan upaya yang harus dilakukan media cetak dalam menghadapi perkembangan teknologi informasi. Tujuan dari penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk membuat deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antara fenomena yang diselidiki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 558, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 577, "width": 414, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan studi pustaka sebagai metode pengumpulan data yang dibutuhkan untuk memperkuat hipotesa yang disertakan dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini. Studi pustaka yang dilakukan adalah mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan dari buku, majalah, dan jurnal-jurnal online yang tersedia di internet.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 641, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 661, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Sejarah Media Cetak di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 680, "width": 414, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media cetak merupakan salah satu jenis media massa yang paling tua jika dibandingkan dengan jenis media massa seperti media elektronik terlebih media online. Dalam sejarah pun tercatat bahwa surat kabar muncul dan ada sejak ditemukan nya sebuah alat mesin cetak oleh Johan Gutenberg di Jerman (Romadhoni, 2018). Sedangkan media cetak di Indonesia lahir dan mulai dikenal sejak ditandai dengan perjalanan yang cukup panjang setelah melalui lima periode yaitu masa penjajahan Belanda, penjajahan Jepang, sebelum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 505, "top": 59, "width": 8, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 776, "width": 270, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUSIFO (Jurnal Sistem Informasi), Volume 5, Nomor 1, Juni 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 59, "width": 320, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tantangan Media Massa Dalam Menghadapi Era Disrupsi Teknologi Informasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 414, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemerdekaan dan di masa awal pertama bangsa ini merdeka lalu kemudian masuk lah ke masa orde lama dan orde baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 113, "width": 414, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Indonesia, perkembangan media cetak dimulai dengan surat kabar pertama yang terbit di Batavia pada tahun 1744, yang berjudul “Bataviasche Nouvelles”. Lalu tahun 1828 terbitlah “Javasche Courant“ di Batavia. Lalu zaman perkembangan media cetak Indonesia pun bergeser ke era di mana media massa cetak berbahasa Melayu sudah mulai diterbitkan, tepatnya dimulai pada tahun 1858. Kala itu koran koran yang terbit adalah Bintang Timur, Bintang Barat, Java Bode, Medan Prijaji, Soerat Khabar Betawi, Hindia Nederland, Bintang Johar, dan Slompret Melajoe.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 201, "width": 414, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemudian dalam perjalanan nya media cetak di Indonesia tersebut mengalami perkembangan yang begitu pesat dengan mengikuti perkembangan kemajuan teknologi sampai akhirnya kemudian dihadapkan kepada sebuah era baru digital informasi yaitu Era Konvergensi Media. Dalam (Nurliah, 2018), Pavlik menyatakan bahwa konvergensi media adalah bersatunya semua bentuk komunikasi media ke sebuah bentuk elektronik, bentuk digital, yang digerakkan oleh komputer dan berfungsinya teknologi jaringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 278, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Analisis Pengguna Media Cetak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 297, "width": 414, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Tahun 2017, Nielsen Consumer & Media View melakukan survei di 11 kota dengan mewawancarai 17 ribu responden dan mencapai populasi sebanyak 54 juta orang. Survei hingga triwulan ketiga 2017 menyatakan, kebiasaan membaca orang Indonesia telah mengalami pergeseran. Pada 2017, tingkat pembelian koran secara personal hanya sebesar 20%, menurun dibandingkan 2013 yang mencapai 28%. Selain itu, media cetak hanya menjadi pilihan kelima masyarakat untuk mendapatkan informasi dengan penetrasi sebesar 7%. Sebaliknya penggunaan internet menjadi pilihan ketiga masyarakat untuk mendapatkan informasi dengan penetrasi sebesar 44% (Nielsen Consumer and Media View, 2017b).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 398, "width": 414, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tak hanya jumlah pembaca, pengeluaran iklan untuk media cetak pun berkurang. Pada Januari hingga September 2017, jumlah belanja iklan media cetak sebesar 21,8 triliun rupiah, berkurang 13% dibanding periode yang sama pada 2013 yakni 25 triliun rupiah. Selain itu, produsen media cetak juga berkurang sebesar 23%. Nielsen mencatat ada 268 media cetak pada 2013, namun merosot tajam menjadi hanya 192 media pada 2017. Data ini semakin memperkuat asumsi bahwa media cetak mulai nyata ditinggalkan pembacanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 474, "width": 414, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di sisi lain, alasan utama para pembaca masih memilih koran adalah karena nilai beritanya yang dapat dipercaya, sedangkan untuk tabloid atau majalah lebih kepada kisah nyata yang diulas. Jika dilihat dari profil pembaca, media cetak di Indonesia cenderung dikonsumsi oleh konsumen dari rentang usia 20-49 tahun (74%), memilki pekerjaan sebagai karyawan (32%) dan mayoritas pembacanya berasal dari kelas atas (54%). Ini menunjukkan bahwa pembaca media cetak masih produktif dan dari kalangan yang mapan (Nielsen Consumer and Media View, 2017a).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 563, "width": 414, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi, pembaca media cetak juga menggunakan internet dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sebanyak 65% pembaca media cetak mengakses internet melalui smartphone dan menghabiskan waktu dengan internet hampir 3 jam setiap harinya. Kepembacaan melalui internet atau digital juga cukup tinggi. Menurut data Nielsen Consumer and Media View , sampai dengan kuartal ketiga 2017, jumlah pembaca versi digital mencapai 6 juta orang dengan penetrasi sebesar 11 persen. Ini membuktikan bahwa minat membaca tidak turun, tapi hanya berganti platform saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 652, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Strategi Adaptasi Media Cetak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 671, "width": 414, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masuknya era konvergensi media di Indonesia ditandai dengan banyaknya media yang bergabung atau jenis media massa seperti media elektronik, media cetak bergabung menjadi satu media yang dapat diakses sekaligus dengan menggunakan akses internet. Kemampuan media online mendistribusikan berita dengan gratis, lebih cepat, interaktif dan saat itu juga ( event on the making ) dianggap media massa mainstream sebagai kondisi yang tepat untuk memperluas jaringan pembaca dan yang cukup penting menumbuhkan loyalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 59, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 JUSIFO (Jurnal Sistem Informasi), p-ISSN: 2460-092X, e-ISSN: 2623-1662", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 776, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5, Nomor 1, Juni 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 414, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Platform media, terutama media cetak, harus menyesuaikan dan mengadopsi teknologi digital untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya dan terus berkembang di era teknologi digital yang semakin tak terbendung. Media cetak akan mati jika tetap bertahan dengan konsep konvensional dan tidak mau menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan teknologi digital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 138, "width": 414, "height": 137, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada masa dahulu, teknologi hanya dianggap sebagai objek oleh media cetak. Tetapi, saat ini, teknologi digital telah menjadi subjek bagi media cetak. Artinya, teknologi digital telah dan mulai menjadi subjek utama bagi media cetak dalam memperkenalkan konten atau berita kepada pembacanya. Pembaca kini mulai mengandalkan kepraktisan dalam menikmati berita atau konten dengan menggunakan smartphone dan tablet ( gadget ) seiring perkembangan teknologi yang semakin memudahkan kehidupan manusia. Perusahaan media cetak pun dituntut tidak hanya menyandarkan diri pada operasional dan pendapatan dari sisi cetak semata, tetapi juga sisi pemasaran multi-channel , termasuk pemasaran digital. Oleh karena itu, inovasi teknologi sangat dibutuhkan untuk mempertahankan keberadaan media cetak. Salah satu solusi yang diambil adalah digitalisasi koran dalam bentuk e-paper guna menjangkau pembaca yang lebih luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 277, "width": 414, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adaptasi terhadap perilaku konsumen menjadi pilihan yang tidak bisa ditawar agar informasi yang disajikan dapat dinikmati oleh kebanyakan pengguna. Industri media cetak harus dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan perilaku konsumen sambil tetap melakukan inovasi bisnis. Pendapat Robert G. Pickard, professor bidang ekonomi media dan manajemen sekaligus peneliti senior di Reuters Institute, University of Oxford yang menyatakan bahwa industri media cetak tidaklah mati karena gempuran digital ternyata relevan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 353, "width": 414, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi oleh pebisnis media cetak yaitu bagaimana menjadikan teknologi digital menjadi cara baru dalam mengoperasikan bisnis serta menjadi peluang untuk berkembang dan tumbuh. Karena itu butuh visi yang jelas untuk menjadikan teknologi digital mampu membuat media cetak hidup lebih berwarna. Pada saat yang sama, butuh tebaran optimisme bahwa adanya teknologi digital adalah keniscayaan dan menjadi tantangan yang harus dihadapi dengan cerdik dan kreatif (Pickard G. Picard, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 429, "width": 415, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kita masuk ke dalam salah satu contoh hasil dari era media online yang menawarkan akses informasi media cetak, media elektronik dan media online di konvergensikan menjadi satu akses. Detik.com merupakan situs warta era digital yang dibawahi di dalam Trans Corporation . Dalam situs tersebut terdapat berbagai macam akses informasi diantarannya Detik News yang memberikan informasi layaknya sebuah media cetak namun dikemas sedikit lebih update dan diinformasikan kepada masyarakat lebih cepat dibandingkan media cetak dalam bentuk koran, surat kabar dan lain-lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 518, "width": 414, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika dibandingkan dengan media cetak, media online menyajikan informasi yang lebih cepat dikabarkan dan disajikan serta lebih update sehingga masyarakat tidak perlu untuk menunggu lama mendapatkan informasi yang ingin dilihat atau yang sedang menjadi perbincangan hangat. Ilustrasinya begini, jika ada sebuah pertandingan sepakbola yang dilangsungkan dini hari, maka selesai pertandingan itu juga media online mampu memunculkan berita agar dapat diakses masyarakat. Berbeda dengan media cetak yang masih membutuhkan waktu berjam-jam untuk menyampaikan berita terbaru. Sehingga jelas rentangan perbedaan waktu yang mencolok antara media online dengan media cetak, membuat jeda yang cukup lama tersebut akan menggiring masyarakat untuk melirik media informasi internet yang menyajikan beragam berita secara cepat, yang diiringi fenomena pembaca koran mau tak mau harus berpindah memanfaatkan Internet untuk meng update informasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 657, "width": 414, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi kasus media massa yang mengambil langkah strategis dalam hal pemasaran yaitu Harian Kompas . Untuk menjaga stabilitas dan eksistensinya, harian Kompas sebagai media konvensional tersohor melakukan ekspansi ke media digital dengan meluncurkan kompas.com , Aplikasi Kompas.id tersedia di platform Android dan iOS, Kompas Editor’s Choice untuk pembaca yang menggunakan iPad dan sebagainya. Selain itu kompas mengeluarkan koran elektronik epaper.kompas.id . Kompas sebagai koran terbesar oplahnya, sekitar 500 ribu eksemplar per hari dan menjadi koran ternama nomor 103 dunia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 505, "top": 59, "width": 8, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 776, "width": 270, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUSIFO (Jurnal Sistem Informasi), Volume 5, Nomor 1, Juni 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 59, "width": 320, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tantangan Media Massa Dalam Menghadapi Era Disrupsi Teknologi Informasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 414, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antisipasi yang dilakukan manajemen kompas dapat mempertahankan konsumen koran analog atau koran cetak dengan memelihara hubungan dengan konsumennya di media digital Kompas. Mereka tetap membaca Kompas di media digital dan tentunya juga membeli koran. Pangsa pasar dapat dijaga agar tidak lupa dengan koran Kompas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 151, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 171, "width": 414, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akhirnya memang saat ini media cetak sedang ditantang eksistensi nya di era konvergensi media saat ini, selanjutnya bagaimana media cetak tersebut dapat tetap mempertahankan apa yang menjadi nilai lebih dari media cetak tersebut yang tidak bisa didapatkan masyarakat pada teknologi canggih sekalipun di era yang teknologinya sudah canggih seperti ini. Di masa depan tantangan media cetak akan semakin besar dengan terus bertambahnya inovasi-inovasi terbaru yang akan menjadi pilihan dalam membantu masyarakat pada bidang media massa dan informasi. Namun jika media cetak dapat mempertahankan keutamaan informasi dan profesionalitas maka media cetak akan senantiasa hadir dan eksis di tengah masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 285, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 317, "width": 414, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "APJII. (2018). Penetrasi & Profil Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia. Apjii . Retrieved from www.apjii.or.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 355, "width": 413, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kusuma, S. (2016). POSISI MEDIA CETAK DI TENGAH PERKEMBANGAN MEDIA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 374, "width": 288, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ONLINE DI INDONESIA Satria Kusuma. Interact , 5 (1), 56–71.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 393, "width": 414, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nielsen Consumer and Media View. (2017a). MEDIA CETAK MAMPU MEMPERTAHANKAN POSISINYA – Nielsen. Retrieved July 31, 2019, from https://www.nielsen.com/id/en/press-releases/2017/MEDIA-CETAK-MAMPU- MEMPERTAHANKAN-POSISINYA/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 469, "width": 414, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nielsen Consumer and Media View. (2017b). TREN BARU DI KALANGAN PENGGUNA INTERNET DI INDONESIA – Nielsen. Retrieved July 31, 2019, from https://www.nielsen.com/id/en/press-releases/2017/tren-baru-di-kalangan-pengguna- internet-di-indonesia/", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 545, "width": 414, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurliah, N. (2018). Konvergensi dan Kompetisi Media Massa dalam Memenangkan Pasar di Era Media Digital di Makassar. Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh , 19 (1), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.24252/jdt.v19i1.5951", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 602, "width": 414, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pickard G. Picard, V. P. (2017). Essential Principles for Contemporary Media and Communications Policymaking. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism: University of Oxford. , (April).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 659, "width": 411, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Romadhoni, B. A. (2018). Meredupnya Media Cetak, Dampak Kemajuan. An-Nida , 10 (1), 13–", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 678, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 59, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 JUSIFO (Jurnal Sistem Informasi), p-ISSN: 2460-092X, e-ISSN: 2623-1662", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 776, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5, Nomor 1, Juni 2019", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 54, "top": 144, "width": 184, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Media Konservasi Vol. XI, No. 1 April 2006 : 21 – 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 546, "top": 827, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 173, "width": 489, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "IDENTIFIKASI NEMATODA GASTROINTESTINAL PADA KATAK Fejervarya Cancrivora", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 187, "width": 441, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "DAN Limnonectes Macrodon DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 219, "width": 455, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "(Gastrointestinal Nematode Identification of frogs Fejervarya cancrivora and Limnonectes macrodon in Bogor Residence, West Java )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 261, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "E RNA S UZANNA 1) , F ADJAR S ATRIJA 2) , M IRZA D IKARI K USRINI 1) , DAN D WI F ANIA 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 291, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "1) Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor 16680", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 301, "width": 447, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "2) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan IPB, Bogor 16680", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 324, "width": 198, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Diterima 6 Februari 2006 / Disetujui 10 Maret 2006", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 352, "width": 43, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 373, "width": 504, "height": 72, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "A research was conducted to identify and to descript nematode worm genera as parasite from gastrointestinal tract of local consumption frogs. Fifty five adult Fejervarya cancrivora and seventy Limnonectes macrodon were collected from three subdistricts in Bogor Residence; Caringin, Cibatok, and Cimanggis. The research was also carried out to quantify prevalence nematode that infest both of frogs and to observe relationship between prevalence level and resource area also spesies of its. Nematode generas which found in F. cancrivora were identified as Amplicaecum, Camallanus , Aplectana , Cosmocerca , Cosmocercella ,and Spinicauda . The same generas infested L. macrodon for exception Camallanus . Fejervarya cancrivora nematode prevalence level was higher than L. macrodon in all subdistricts. Its prevalence level weren’t influenced by resource area. But, there was significant correlation between prevalence level and species of frogs (α=0,01 and α=0,05). The differences of gastrointestinal nematode infestation are related to differences in habitat and food type of frogs also life cycle of nematodes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 456, "width": 469, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Keywords: Fejervarya cancrivora, Limnonectes macrodon, Amplicaecum, Camallanus , Aplectana , Cosmocerca , Cosmocercella ,and Spinicauda .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 489, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 509, "width": 243, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Katak sebagai bahan pangan yang semakin digemari, terutama pada negara-negara di Eropa dan Amerika, mengakibatkan permintaan dunia akan katak semakin meningkat. Daging katak adalah sumber protein hewani yang tinggi kandungan gizinya dan dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan penyakit (Brilliantono 2004). Limbah katak yang tidak dipakai sebagai bahan makanan manusia dapat dijadikan ransum ternak, seperti itik dan ayam. Banyaknya manfaat yang bisa didapatkan dari katak menyebabkan permintaan dari pasar luar negeri terus meningkat, namun sayangnya daya pasok Indonesia dari tahun-ketahun cenderung mengalami penurunan (Menristek 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 658, "width": 246, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Turunnya ekspor katak ke luar negeri disebabkan ekspor katak selama ini hanya mengandalkan hasil penangkapan katak liar secara konvensional di samping pola yang diterapkan pada peternakan katak kurang baik. Kondisi ini sangat dikhawatirkan dapat mengganggu kelestarian populasi katak lokal dan sangat mengganggu pasokan katak untuk ekspor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 739, "width": 243, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Limnonectes macrodon dan Fejervarya cancrivora merupakan katak yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia khususnya di wilayah Indonesia Bagian Barat terutama Pulau Jawa (Iskandar 1998). Kedua jenis katak ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 489, "width": 243, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "merupakan spesies lokal yang terancam keberadaannya akibat perburuan terus menerus. Padahal keduanya memiliki potensi untuk dibudidayakan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia karena mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi alam Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 546, "width": 243, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Dalam budidaya katak, penyakit yang perlu diperhatikan baru terbatas pada penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur, bakteri, dan virus (Arie 1999; Menristek 2004). Bertolak dari hal tersebut di atas, untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas ekspor katak salah satu aspek yang perlu diperhatikan adalah parasit yang menyerang katak konsumsi yang ada di Indonesia. Karena selain pola produksi yang baik dan aktivitas produksi yang akan ditingkatkan maka parasit katak mempunyai dampak atau berpengaruh langsung pada populasi katak dan tentu saja kualitas katak tersebut. Sementara untuk golongan parasit khususnya cacing belum teridentifikasikan (Arie 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 684, "width": 243, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi parasit cacing nematoda yang menyerang saluran pencernaan F. crancrivora dan L. macrodon dari beberapa kecamatan di wilayah Kabupaten Bogor, (2) mengetahui prevalensi dan independensi keterkaitan antara tingkat infeksi dengan asal katak dan jenis katak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 143, "width": 167, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Identifikasi Nematoda Gastrointestinal Pada Katak", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 827, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 120, "top": 173, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 193, "width": 243, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Penelitian ini diadakan mulai tanggal 25 Juni 2002 dan selesai pada Oktober 2004. Pemeriksaan dan identifikasi seluruhnya dilakukan di Bagian Helminthologi, Departemen Parasitologi dan Patologi FKH IPB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 239, "width": 243, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Dua species katak yaitu Fejervarya cancrivora dan Limnonectes macrodon dikumpulkan dari Kecamatan Caringin, Cibatok, dan Cimanggis di wilayah Kabupaten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 172, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Bogor. Katak yang digunakan pada penelitian ini langsung ditangkap dari alam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 195, "width": 243, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Katak yang diteliti adalah: F. Cancrivora sebanyak 55 ekor (30 ekor dari Caringin, 10 ekor dari Cibatok, dan 15 dari Cimanggis) dan L. Macrodon yang diteliti sebanyak 70 ekor (25 ekor dari Caringin, 19 ekor dari Cibatok, dan 26 ekor dari Cimanggis). Sebelum dibedah, katak-katak tersebut diukur panjang tubuh dan berat badannya (Tabel 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 287, "width": 392, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tabel 1. Rata-rata (x) serta simpangan baku (s) ukuran bobot (BB) dan panjang (PJ) badan katak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 309, "width": 342, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Lokasi L. Macrodon F. Cancrivora (x ± s) (x ± s) PJ cm) BB (g) PJ (cm) BB (g) Caringin 7.61±0.70 48.81±14.49 7.75±1.07 49.85±21.30 Cibatok 9.34±1.16 69.64±22.56 7.45±0.79 42.04±12.30 Cimanggis 7.88±0.87 52.03±14.98 8.04±0.71 56.36±14.43", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 425, "width": 243, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Katak kemudian dipersiapkan untuk dibedah. Hal yang dilakukan pertama kali adalah mematikan katak menggunakan metode double pitting dengan cara menusukkan sonde ke otak dan medula spinalis hingga katak mati. Menusuk bagian tengkuk, di daerah otak kecil menggunakan sonde.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 494, "width": 243, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Nematoda dikoleksi dari saluran pencernaan katak. Pengamatan dilakukan pada nematoda hidup dan mati. Sebelum pengamatan secara rinci, nematoda yang ditemukan dikelompokkan sesuai dengan ciri morfologi. Kemudian dilakukan preservasi dalam alkohol bertingkat 70%, 85%, 95%, hingga absolut masing-masing selama 5- 15 menit. Cacing yang telah ditandai dan dikelompokkan disimpan/direndam dalam alkohol 70%. Cacing yang dipilih untuk dibuat preparat slide object direndam dalam cairan campuran gliserin dan alkohol 70% dengan perbandingan 1: 1 selama lebih dari 24 jam. Lalu dibuat slide tanpa pewarnaan dan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop sekaligus pemotretan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 642, "width": 244, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Identifikasi menggunakan “ CIH Keys to Nematode Parasites of Vertebrata ” (Anderson & Chabaud 1974). Untuk memudahkan pengamatan struktur juga dilakukan pemotretan sehingga pengamatan gambar bisa dilakukan leluasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 701, "width": 243, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tingkat prevalensi (jumlah katak terinfeksi/total populasi) pada masing-masing jenis katak dihitung. Untuk mengetahui independensi keterkaitan antara tingkat infeksi dengan asal katak dan jenis katak dilakukan uji Chi square .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 371, "top": 425, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 446, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Nematoda Hasil Identifikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 463, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Hasil identifikasi nematoda yang menginfestasi kedua jenis katak tersebut seperti tertera pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 498, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tabel 2. Genus penginfeksi katak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 519, "width": 221, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Nematoda F. cancrivora L. macrodon Amplicaecum + + Camallanus + - Aplectana + + Cosmocerca + + Cosmocercella + + Spinicauda + +", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 626, "width": 244, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Semua nematoda yang ditemukan pada kedua hewan percobaan memiliki genus yang sama, kecuali Camallanus yang tidak ditemukan pada L. macrodon . Dari hewan penelitian yang dipakai, hanya dua ekor yang terinfestasi Camallanus , yaitu pada jenis Fejervarya cancrivora . Klinke dan Elkan (1965) juga melaporkan bahwa spesies ini jarang ditemukan. Tetapi dilaporkan cacing ini ditemukan pada usus halus katak India. Mengenai spesies katak inang tidak bisa dijelaskan dengan pasti. Tetapi mengingat spesifitas parasit terhadap inang tinggi maka kemungkinan besar katak India yang terinfestasi cacing ini juga spesies yang sama yaitu Fejervarya cancrivora . Fejervarya cancrivora adalah katak yang sangat luas penyebarannya meliputi seluruh Indonesia, India, Jepang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 144, "width": 184, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Media Konservasi Vol. XI, No. 1 April 2006 : 21 – 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 546, "top": 827, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 54, "top": 172, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Selatan, Filipina, dan Nugini, sehingga sangat mungkin jika katak India yang terinfestasi adalah Fejervarya cancrivora .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 208, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Prevalensi Infeksi Nematoda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 225, "width": 243, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan, diperoleh tingkat prevalensi nematoda pada katak-katak yang diteliti (Tabel 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 259, "width": 243, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tabel 3. Tingkat prevalensi infeksi nematoda berdasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 271, "width": 229, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "jenis dan asal katak Asal Katak L. macrodon (%) F. cancrivora (%) Caringin 00. 64 66.67 Cibatok 52.63 00. 80 Cimanggis 30.77 00. 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 365, "width": 244, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Prevalensi nematoda pada L. macrodon yang berasal dari Caringin, Cibatok, dan Cimanggis secara berurutan adalah 64%; 52,63%; dan 30,77%. Sedangkan prevalensi nematoda pada F. cancrivora berasal dari Caringin, Cibatok, dan Cimanggis secara berurutan adalah 66,7%; 80%; dan 80%. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka jenis katak F. cancrivora memiliki tingkat prevalensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan tingkat prevalensi pada L. macrodon dari tiap-tiap asal daerah katak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa F. cancrivora lebih mudah terinfestasi nematoda (Gambar 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 356, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Gambar 1. Grafik tingkat prevalensi nematoda;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 386, "top": 368, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "F. Cancrivora (FC) dan L.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 386, "top": 379, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Macrodon (LM)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 403, "width": 243, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Keterkaitan Prevalensi Infeksi Spesies dengan Asal Katak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 431, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Berikut ini disajikan jumlah kasus infeksi nematoda pada katak F. cancrivora (Tabel 4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 492, "width": 414, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tabel 4. Jumlah F. cancrivora terinfeksi (+) dan tidak terinfeksi (-) nematoda berdasarkan asal daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 512, "width": 353, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Infeksi Caringin Cibatok Cimanggis Jumlah - 20 12 6 38 - 10 3 4 17 Jumlah 30 15 10 55", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 586, "width": 244, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Kenyataan ini membuktikan bahwa infestasi suatu nematoda lebih tergantung pada faktor internal biologis, baik pada inang maupun pada nematoda itu sendiri. Infestasi suatu nematoda sangat berkaitan dengan siklus hidup dan kebutuhan zat-zat biologi serta kimia dalam menjalankan proses tumbuh kembangnya. Berikut ini disajikan jumlah kasus infeksi nematoda pada katak L. macrodon (Tabel 5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 689, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tabel 5. Jumlah L. macrodon terinfeksi (+) dan tidak terinfeksi (-) nematoda berdasarkan asal daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 583, "width": 498, "height": 196, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Infeksi Caringin Cibatok Cimanggis Jumlah - 16 10 8 34 - 9 9 18 36 Jumlah 25 19 26 70 Berdasarkan uji Chi square , pada taraf nyata  = 0,01 dan  = 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan = 2, maka tingkat infeksi nematoda pada F. cancrivora dan L. macrodon tidak bergantung pada asal daerah katak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ternyata katak di daerah manapun bisa terinfeksi oleh nematoda. Hasil uji ini menguatkan pengidentifikasian nematoda yang menyerang kedua jenis katak dapat ditemukan pada katak-katak sejenis berasal dari daerah lain.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 679, "width": 244, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Selain itu uji lanjutan perbandingan koefisien kontingensi (C) dan koefisien kontingensi maksimum yang bisa terjadi (C maks ) menunjukkan bahwa antara faktor tingkat infeksi dan faktor asal daerah katak memiliki derajat hubungan yang sangat kecil. Menurut Lee (1965) masing- masing periode hidup nematoda memerlukan kondisi yang berbeda. Perubahan periode hidup bergantung pada kebutuhan pH, oksigen, suhu, lingkungan. Siklus kritis periode hidup nematoda terjadi saat mereka mengalami tumbuh kembang dalam inang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 191, "width": 141, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tingkat prevalensi nematoda berdasarkan lokasi dan jenis", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 350, "top": 214, "width": 179, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "katak 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Caringin Cibatok Cimanggis Asal Daerah P re v a le n s i LM FC", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 391, "top": 143, "width": 167, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Identifikasi Nematoda Gastrointestinal Pada Katak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 827, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 54, "top": 173, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Keterkaitan Tingkat Infeksi dengan Jenis Katak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 190, "width": 244, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tingkat infeksi nematoda sangat bergantung pada jenis inangnya (Lyons 1978). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah infeksi pada masing-masing jenis katak yang diteliti disajikan pada Tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 247, "width": 243, "height": 239, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Tabel 6. Jumlah katak terinfeksi (+) dan tidak terinfeksi (-) pada masing-masing jenis F. cancrivora (FC) dan L. acrodon (LM) Infeksi FC LM Jumlah - 38 34 72 - 12 41 53 Jumlah 50 75 125 Uji Chi square pada taraf nyata  = 0,01 dan  = 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan = 1 menunjukkan bahwa jenis katak mempengaruhi tingkat infeksi nematoda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi sangat bergantung pada jenis katak dan berkaitan dengan spesifitas inang. Lyons (1978) mengungkapkan bahwa laju infestasi nematoda terhadap inang sangat tergantung pada inang, yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan pola makan, pola reproduksi nematoda dan inang, siklus hidup nematoda serta siklus hidup inang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 488, "width": 244, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Dengan demikian F. cancrivora memperlihatkan tingkat prevalensi yang lebih tinggi pada setiap daerah dibandingkan tingkat prevalensi pada L. macrodon . Fejervarya cancrivora adalah katak akuatik yang salah satu habitatnya di daerah dataran rendah persawahan (Iskandar 1998). Pengambilan katak dilakukan pada saat sawah kering hampir masa panen. Susanto (1998) menyatakan bahwa katak ini memakan laba-laba, ketam-ketaman, siput, dan binatang lainnya. Nurmainis (2000) mengungkapkan bahwa katak ini merupakan karnivora yang memakan serangga, udang, cacing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 615, "width": 243, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Kemungkinan pada saat air kering, katak memakan jenis makanan yang tidak berasal dari air. Tetapi jenis makanan yang dapat ditemukan di luar air. Jenis makanan ini pada musim tersebut mungkin merupakan hewan yang menjadi inang antara dari beberapa jenis nematoda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 672, "width": 243, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Limnonectes macrodon adalah jenis katak akuatik yang memiliki habitat di aliran sungai yang jernih (Iskandar 1998). Jenis makanannya sangat sedikit. Soegiri et al. (1979) menjelaskan bahwa katak ini memakan serangga, cacing, laba-laba, amfibi, dan burung-burung kecil. Limnonectes macrodon pada penelitian ini ditangkap dari aliran sungai, sehingga kemungkinan pola makan dan jenis makanannya sangat berpengaruh pada tingkat infestasi suatu nematoda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 172, "width": 244, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Dari dua pengamatan tersebut, Fejervarya cancrivora memiliki habitat yang kotor. Tempat yang kotor adalah tempat yang disukai oleh parasit untuk berkembang biak. Sehingga intensitas interaksi antara F. cancrivora siklus hidup parasit lebih tinggi dibandingkan L. macrodon yang memiliki habitat yang bersih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 401, "top": 259, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 280, "width": 244, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Nematoda yang ditemukan pada F. cancrivora adalah genus Amplicaecum, Camallanus, Aplectana, Cosmocerca, Cosmocercella, dan Spinicauda . Nematoda yang ditemukan pada L. macrodon adalah genus-genus yang sama kecuali Camallanus . Prevalensi nematoda pada F. cancrivora dari semua daerah penelitian menunjukkan angka yang lebih tinggi dari prevalensi pada L. macrodon. Tingkat prevalensi cacing terhadap kedua jenis katak tidak dipengaruhi asal daerah katak, tetapi prevalensinya sangat terkait dengan jenis katak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 389, "top": 425, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 445, "width": 243, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Anderson RC, Chabaud AG, Willmoth S, (editor). 1974. CIH to Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Farnham Royal England: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 485, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Arie U. 1999. Pembibitan dan Pembesaran Bullfrog . Bogor. Penebar Swadaya. 104 hlm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 514, "width": 244, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Brilliantono E. 2004. Katak Sumber Rejeki Yang Menggiurkan. http://www.Bisnis.com/artikel.html? kategori=Bisnis_Jakarta&id=21177strart=250 [31 Oktober 2004].", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 566, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Iskandar DT. 1998. Amphibi Jawa dan Bali. Bogor. Puslitbang Biologi LIPI. 117 hlm.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 595, "width": 243, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Klinke R & E Elkan. 1965. The Principal Diseases of Lower Vertebrates : Diseases of Amphibians. London. Academic Pr. hlm. 291-304.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 636, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Lee DL. 1965. The Physiology of Nematodes. Ed ke-1. Edinburg-London. Oliver & Boyd. 154 hlm.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 665, "width": 243, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Lyons KM. 1978. The Biology of Helminth Parasites. Ed ke-1. London. Edward Arnold. 59 hlm.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 694, "width": 243, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Mentri Riset & Teknologi. 2004. Teknologi Tepat Guna Tentang Budidaya Kodok . http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/ warintek/Budidayapeternakan idx?php?doc=4a11 [31 Oktober 2004].", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 746, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Nurmainis. 2000. Kekhasan Makanan Kodok Sawah Rana crancivora di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat [skripsi]. Bogor. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 144, "width": 184, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Media Konservasi Vol. XI, No. 1 April 2006 : 21 – 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 546, "top": 827, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 172, "width": 222, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Perairan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 201, "width": 243, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Soegiri N, Waluyo D, Syafri SH, Sastrohadinoto S. 1974.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 213, "width": 222, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Reproduksi pada Kodok. Bogor. Laporan Penelitian Pada Departemen Zoologi dan Departemen Fisiologi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 336, "top": 172, "width": 222, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "dan Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Insitut Pertanian Bogor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 201, "width": 243, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 935, "text": "Susanto H. 1999. Budidaya Kodok Unggul. Bogor. Penebar Swadaya. 126 hlm.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 59, "width": 328, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PERKULIAHAN MATEMATIKA 1 MELALUI PERMAINAN ENGKLEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 116, "width": 270, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Arissona Dia Indah Sari, M.Pd., 2) Iqnatia Alfiansyah, M.Pd [email protected] , [email protected] Universitas Muhammadiyyah Gresik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 176, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 198, "width": 485, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai matakuliah matematika 1 tentang pemecahan masalah yang berkaitan dengan bilangan mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik masih tergolong rendah, hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil ujian capaian pembelajaran khusus, mahasiswa yang mencapai nilai diatas 70 atau predikat (B) hanya 30% dari jumlah mahasiswa 41 orang. Rendahnya nilai hasil ujian capaian pembelajaran diduga disebabkan karena mahasiswa tidak dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan bilangan, hal ini tampak dari hasil tes awal mahasiswa semester 1 Program Sudi PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 274, "width": 485, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan modul perkuliahan matematika 1 berbasis Ethnomathematics melalui permainan “Engklek” untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika ahasiswa PGSD, dan menghasilkan modul perkuliahan matematika 1 berbasis Ethnomathematics melalui permainan “Engklek” untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika mahasiswa PGSD yang berkualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 337, "width": 485, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian akan dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan pengembangan modul perkuliahan yang menggunakan model 4-D atau four D Models yang dikemukakan oleh (Thiagarajan, 1974) sebagai berikut : tahap pendefinisian ( define ), tahap perancangan ( design ), tahap pengembangan ( develop ), tahap penyebaran ( disseminate ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Modul perkuliahan Matematika 1 yang dikembangkan dikategorikan valid oleh validator dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa yang telah dianalisis berdasarkan tahapan menurut Polya telah meningkat sebesar 79%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 413, "width": 298, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pengembangan modul, Engklek, Pemecahan Masalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 439, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 461, "width": 485, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The value of mathematics 1 about problem-solving related to the number of PGSD students at Muhammadiyah Gresik University is still relatively low, this is indicated by the results of special learning achievement tests, students who reach grades above 70 or predicate (B) only 30% of the total 41 students. The low value of learning achievement test results is thought to be caused by students not being able to solve problems related to numbers, this is evident from the results of the first-semester student test of the Muhammadiyah Gresik PGSD Study Program.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 537, "width": 484, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study was to describe the process of developing a mathematics lecture module 1 based on Ethnomathematics through the game \"Engklek\" to improve mathematical problem solving skills of PGSD students, and produce a mathematics 1 lecture module based on Ethnomathematics through the game \"Engklek\" to improve mathematical problem solving skills quality PGSD students", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 588, "width": 484, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research will be carried out through several stages of the development of lecture modules that use the 4- D model or four D Models proposed by (Thiagarajan, 1974) as follows: defining, designing, developing, distributing (disseminate). The results showed that the Mathematics Module 1 developed developed was categorized as valid by the validator and the mathematical problem solving abilities of students who had been analyzed based on the stages according to Polya had increased by 79%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 651, "width": 315, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Development of teaching module, Engklek, Problem Solving", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 680, "width": 109, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 695, "width": 485, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar di kelas, seharusnya seorang dosen atau guru menyusun perencanaan pembelajaran. Perencanaan pembelajaran disusun dengan harapan agar tujuan instruksional atau capaian pembelajaran khusus yang sudah disusun berdasarkan capaian pembelajaran program studi dapat tercapai. Perencanaan pembelajaran di tingkat perguruan tinggi meliputi RPS (Rencana Pembelajaran Semester), RTM (Rencana Tatap Muka), Modul, dan Assesmen. Dari beberapa perangkat perencanaan pembelajaran tersebut, modul perkuliahan merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 485, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "keberhasilan proses pembelajaran. Menurut (Nasution, 2008) modul merupakan suatu unit yang lengkap yang berdiri sendiri dan terdiri atas suatu rangkaian kegiatan belajar yang disusun untuk membantu siswa dalam mencapai sejumlah tujuan yang dirumuskan secara khusus dan jelas. Sedangkan menurut (Widodo & Jasmadi, 2008) Pembuatan modul bertujuan memperjelas dan mempermudah penyajian agar tidak bersifat sangat verbal. Dengan adanya modul, dosen lebih mudah mentransfer pengetahuannya kepada mahasiswa khususnya mahasiswa sebagai calon guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 147, "width": 485, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang guru di tingkat pendidikan sekolah dasar hendaknya memiliki wawasan yang luas. Sebab, tugas guru di sekolah tidak hanya sebagai tenaga pengajar tetapi juga sebagai pendidik yang memiliki kewajiban dalam menanamkan suatu konsep dan karakter yang sesuai dengan pancasila serta keterampilan- keterampilan bagi siswa dengan harapan agar siswa mampu berdaya saing unggul dan mandiri setelah menamatkan pendidikannya kelak. Begitu juga dengan calon guru sekolah dasar, sebelum memasuki dunia kerja hendaknya membekali diri dengan wawasan yang luas dan keterampilan sebagai seorang guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 234, "width": 485, "height": 141, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain keterampilan dasar dalam mengajar, keterampilan memecahkan masalah juga perlu dikuasai oleh calon guru sebagai bekal untuk mengajar di kelas. Keterampilan memecahkan masalah juga diperlukan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan sehari-hari. Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh (Suherman, 2003) pemecahan masalah merupakan bagian dari kurikulum matematika yang sangat penting karena dalam proses pembelajaran maupun penyelesaian, siswa dimungkinkan memperoleh pengalaman menggunakan pengetahuan serta keterampilan yang sudah dimiliki untuk diterapkan pada pemecahan masalah yang tidak rutin. Oleh karena itu, seorang mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar atau mahasiswa PGSD (Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar) perlu diajarkan keterampilan memecahkan masalah agar terampil dalam memecahkan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, juga mampu mengajarkan keterampilan memecahkan masalah pada muridnya kelak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 379, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai matakuliah matematika 1 materi tentang pemecahan masalah yang berkaitan dengan bilangan mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik masih tergolong rendah, hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil ujian capaian pembelajaran khusus, mahasiswa yang mencapai nilai diatas 70 atau predikat (B) hanya 30% dari jumlah mahasiswa 41 orang. Rendahnya nilai hasil ujian capaian pembelajaran diduga disebabkan oleh (1) Kurangnya motivasi belajar mahasiswa terhadap matakuliah matematika terutama materi penyelesaian masalah yang berkaitan dengan bilangan, hal ini terlihat dari kurangnya antusias mahasiswa pada saat jam perkuliahan matematika terutama materi tentang penyelesaian masalah yang berkaitan dengan bilangan, (2) mahasiswa tidak dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan bilangan, hal ini tampak dari hasil tes awal mahasiswa semester 1 Program Sudi PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, (3) Rendahnya kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memahami soal, hal ini tampak dari hasil tes awal, mahasiswa tidak bisa mengerjakan soal berkaitan tentang pemecahan masalah yang berkaitan dengan bilangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 485, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melihat akar permasalahan di atas perlu dipikirkan solusi pemecahannya. Solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan di atas yakni dengan mengembangkan suatu modul yang melatihan kemampuan memecahkan masalah dan memuat keterkaitan antara matematika dengan budaya dalam hal ini permainan tradisional. Pengembangan modul perkuliahan ini atas pertimbangan beberapa faktor, yakni diantaranya (1) modul perkuliahan matematika 1 Program Studi PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik belum tersedia, sehingga perlu dikembangkan modul, (2) kurang bervariasinya strategi, model, dan metode pembelajaran matakuliah matematika 1 sebab selama ini perkuliahan hanya dilakukan dosen melalui pembelajaran konvesional, sehingga perlu variasi strategi untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa yakni dengan menggunakan permainan, (3) perlu dilestarikannya budaya Indonesia melalui pembelajaran yakni dengan menerapkan pembelajaran melalui permainan tradisional agar budaya bangsa tetap terjaga dan nantinya akan diajarkan oleh mahasiswa PGSD kepada murid-muridnya kelak, (4) rendahnya hasil belajar mahasiswa PGSD sebagai calon guru sekolah dasar pada kemampuan memecahkan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 714, "width": 484, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bila meninjau cara yang diharapkan itu, maka salah satu pandangan pembelajaran yang memiliki sifat dan karakter tersebut adalah pembelajaran dengan menerapkan Ethnomathematics. Ethnomathematics merupakan pembelajaran matematika dikaitkan dengan budaya berupa permainan tradisional, mahasiswa dapat menggunakan permainan tradisional dalam perkuliahan. Adapun permainan tradisional yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah permainan Engklek. Permainan Engklek menggunakan media batu kecil, manik-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 485, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "manik, dan biji semangka. Dalam pembelajaran ini, materi FPB (Faktor Persekutuan Terbesar) disajikan melalui permainan Engklek. Dengan demikian melalui aktivitas permainan, perkuliahan dapat dirancang sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa yang akhirnya juga berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa yang berupa kemampuan memecahan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 117, "width": 485, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas peneliti tertarik untuk mengembangkan suatu modul perkuliahan Matematika 1 berbasis Ethnomathematics melalui permainan “Engklek” untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika mahasiswa PGSD.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 176, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 190, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Modul Perkuliahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 205, "width": 485, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Modul merupakan bahan ajar yang disusun secara sistematis dan menarik mencakup isi materi, metode dan evaluasi yang dapat digunakan secara mandiri. Modul dapat digunakan secara mandiri, sesuai dengan kecepatan belajar masing-masing individu secara efektif dan efisien. Menurut Vembriarto (1976:22) suatu modul adalah suatu praktek pengajaran yang memuat satu unit konsep dari bahan ajar. Pengajaran modul merupakan suatu proses pengajaran individual yang memungkinkan mahasiswa menguasai satu unit bahan pelajaran sebelum dia beralih kepada unit berikutnya. Modul disajikan dalam bentuk yang bersifat self- instructional. Masing-masing mahasiswa dapat menentukan kecepatan dan intensitas belajarnya masing- masing. Sedangkan menurut S. Nasution (2008:205) modul merupakan suatu unit yang lengkap yang berdiri sendiri dan terdiri atas suatu rangkaian kegiatan belajar yang disusun untuk membantu mahasiswa dalam mencapai sejumlah tujuan yang dirumuskan secara khusus dan jelas. Jadi dengan modul mahasiswa akan dapat belajar secara mandiri mencapai suatu tujuan pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permainan Engklek", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 379, "width": 485, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut (Mulyani, 2016), Engklek merupakan permainan tradisional lompat-lompatan pada bidang-bidang datar yang digambar diatas tanah, dengan membuat gambar kotak-kotak kemudian melompat dengan satu kaki dari satu lotak ke kotak berikutnya. Permainan Engklek bermakna sebagai perjuangan manusia dalam meraih wilayah kekuasaan/ petak sawah, dengan menerapkan aturan tertentu yang harus disepakati untuk mendapatkan tempat berpijak. Namun, pada penelitian ini peneliti memodifikasi permainan dengan tidak memperebutkan wilayah kekuasaan/ petak sawah melainkan dengan pengumpulan poin terbanyak dengan menerapkan aturan tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 481, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat yang digunakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 496, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat yang digunakan dalam permainan ini biasa disebut gacuk yakni yang berupa pecahan genting, pecahan keramik, atau batu yang pipih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 525, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cara bermain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 253, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cara memainkan permainan Engklek ini sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 554, "width": 441, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Gambar bidang Engklek, pada penelitian ini bentuknya memanjang seperti gambar di bawah ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 583, "width": 399, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 start Gambar 2.1 Bidang permainan Engklek", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 436, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pemain Engklek biasanya berjumlah 2-5 pemain, tetapi bisa lebih tergantung kesepakatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 643, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Pemain melakukan hompimpa atau suit untuk menentukan urutan siapa yang bermain terlebih dahulu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 672, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Untuk dapat bermain, setiap pemain harus mempunyai gacuk yang berupa pecahan genting, pecahan keramik, atau batu yang pipih.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 701, "width": 366, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Pemain harus berdiri di posisi start atau petak yang menunjukkan angka 0.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 715, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Gacuk di lemparkan pada petak yang sudah digambarkan menuju angka yang diinginkan. Pemain melompati petak-petak dan berakhir pada angka yang ditunjukkan gacuk. Angka yang sudah pernah ditempati gacuk tidak boleh ditempati gacuk lagi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 759, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Pemain melompati petak sesuai dengan operasi hitung bilangan bulat yang hasilnya ditunjukkan pada letak gacuk berada dengan aturan sebagai berikut :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bilangan bulat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 223, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Positif : maju, Nol : diam, Negatif : mundur Operasi hitung Tambah : terus, Kurang : balik arah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 117, "width": 485, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Jika pemain menunjukkan operasi yang benar, hasilnya sesuai dengan angka yang ditunjukkan dengan letak gacuk, maka pemain mendapatkan 1 poin. Selanjutnya ganti pemain kedua bermain sesuai aturan, hingga pemain seterusnya. Jika salah satu pemain menunjukkan operasi hitung yang salah maka pemain tersebut tidak mendapatkan poin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 176, "width": 337, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Pemain dikatakan menang jika mendapatkan jumlah poin terbanyak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 190, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 205, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut (Polya, 1973) terdapat empat tahap dalam pemecahan masalah, yakni memahami masalah (understanding the problem), merencanakan pemecahannya (devising a plan), melaksanakan rencana (carrying out the plan), dan memeriksa kembali hasil yang diperoleh (looking back).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 248, "width": 246, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Memahami soal atau masalah selengkap mungkin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 263, "width": 332, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Memilih rencana penyelesaian dari beberapa alternatif yang mungkin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 289, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Melaksanakan rencana tadi dengan tepat, cermat, dan benar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 409, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Memeriksa jawaban, apakah sudah benar, lengkap, jelas dan argumentative (beralasan).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 307, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Empat tahap pemecahan masalah dari Polya tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan yang sangat penting untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan kemampuan anak dalam pemecahan masalah adalah melalui penyediaan pengalaman pemecahan masalah yang memerlukan strategi berbeda-beda dari satu masalah ke masalah lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 173, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 379, "width": 485, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan memecahkan masalah mahasiswa dilihat dari tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya yang telah dilakukan mahasiswa yakni memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali jawaban. Selanjutnya peneliti menentukan level kemampuan memecahkan masalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 438, "width": 360, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Level 4: mahasiswa telah melakukan 4 tahapan polya dan jawaban benar Level 3: mahasiswa telah melakukan 3 tahapan polya dan jawaban benar Level 2: mahasiswa telah melakukan minimal 3 tahapan polya dan jawaban salah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 481, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Level 1: mahasiswa melakukan 2 diantara 4 tahapan polya atau bahkan mahasiswa tidak memenuhi semua tahapan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 525, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan pengembangan modul perkuliahan yang menggunakan model 4-D atau four D Models yang dikemukakan oleh (Thiagarajan, 1974) sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 568, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Tahap pendefinisian (define), yang meliputi : Analisis awal-akhir, Analisis mahasiswa, Analisis Konsep, Analisis tugas, Perumusan tujuan pembelajaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 598, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tahap perancangan (design), yang meliputi Penyusunan tes, Pemilihan Strategi, Pemilihan format, Perancangan awal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 627, "width": 382, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Tahap pengembangan (develop), yang meliputi : Validasi ahli, Ujicoba lapangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 641, "width": 167, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Tahap penyebaran (disseminate)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 332, "width": 383, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Hasil modifikasi model pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran model 4-D", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 361, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 375, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara singkat dan jelas uraikan hasil yang diperoleh dan dilengkapi dengan pembahasan yang mengupas tentang hasil yang telah didapatkan dengan teori pendukung yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 404, "width": 485, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pengembangan dalam penelitian ini telah menghasilkan modul perkuliahan matematika 1 untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah untuk mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik. Tahapan pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran ini mengacu pada teori Thiagarajan yang dikenal dengan model 4-D, yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu: Define, Design, Develop, dan Dissemination .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 477, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Tahap Pendefinisian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 492, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap pendefinisian ini peneliti telah melaksanakan beberapa tahapan yaitu analisis awal akhir, analisis mahasiswa, analisis konsep, analisis tugas, dan perumusan tujuan pembelajaran. Beberapa hal penting yang dihasilkan dari tahap pendefinisian yang diuraikan pada tabel sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 536, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Hasil Tahap Pendefinisian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "165", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 339, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap pendefinisian yang telah dijabarkan pada tabel 1, peneliti melakukan proses pendefinisian yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan modul perkuliahan pada tahap perancangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 368, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tahap perancangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 382, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melalui tahap pendefinisian, peneliti melakukan proses perancangan yang meliputi penyusunan tes, pemilihan media, pemilihan format, dan perancangan awal. Secara umum, hasil perancangan tersebut diuraikan pada tabel 2 berikut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 426, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Hasil Tahap Perancangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 706, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap perancangan yang telah dijabarkan pada tabel 2, peneliti melakukan proses perancangan yang menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran yang dinamakan draf 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 735, "width": 272, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Tahap Pengembangan Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 750, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melalui tahap perancangan, peneliti melakukan proses pengembangan. Proses pengembangan ini terdiri dari perancangan awal yang telah dirancang pada tahap sebelumnya. Hasil perancangan awal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "166", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 485, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "divalidasi oleh pakar untuk mendeskripsikan kualitasnya ditinjau dari isi, format, dan bahasa. Jika hasil perancangan awal yang berbentuk modul perkuliahan sudah valid, maka modul perkuliahan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dinamakan draf 2. Modul perkuliahan yang telah diujicobakan sudah memenuhi kriteria hasil pengembangan modul yang berkualitas maka akan dihasilkan perangkat final.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 132, "width": 303, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diskusi Hasil Pengembangan Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 147, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hasil Validasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 161, "width": 324, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Analisis Deskriptif Hasil Validasi Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 176, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis penilaian deskriptif terhadap kelayakan Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 oleh dua orang validator terdapat revisi dan saran yaitu Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 yang dikembangkan didesain dengan menarik agar dapat membangkitkan motivasi mahasiswa dan telah dilakukan perbaikan sesuai saran validator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 234, "width": 485, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data tentang hasil penilaian deskriptif terhadap kelayakan Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 menunjukkan rata-rata skor penilaian validator terhadap tiga komponen yaitu format adalah 3,83 dengan kriteria baik, isi adalah 3,5 dengan kriteria baik, ilustrasi 3,6 dengan kriteria baik, dan bahasa adalah 3,6 dengan kriteria baik. Atas dasar penilaian oleh validator dengan kriteria baik tersebut, memberikan gambaran bahwa Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini memiliki kualitas baik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 tersebut sudah valid dan layak digunakan sebagai Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 336, "width": 485, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dirancang secara sistematik agar mudah dipahami mahasiswa, dan petunjuk kerjanya sesuai dengan langkah-langkah pada permainan Engklek untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah yaitu mengajarkan keterampilan memahami masalah, merancang penyelesaian masalah, melakukan rancangan penyelesaian masalah, hingga memeriksa ulang hasil penyelesai yang telah dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Sehingga sesuai dengan fungsi Modul Perkuliahan Matematika 1 sebagai bahan ajar dan sebagai sumber belajar yang diupayakan untuk dikuasai mahasiswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 438, "width": 236, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Implementasi Uji Coba Perangkat Pembelajaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 452, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis deskriptif tentang kepraktisan dan efektifitas penerapan modul perkuliahan secara operasional dapat dilihat uraian beberapa indikator berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 481, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Tes Pemecahan Masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 496, "width": 230, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 510, "width": 484, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel analisis data pada pre tes dan post tes, mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa mencapai prosentase sebesar 79%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 568, "width": 485, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diterapkan pembelajaran melalui permainan Engklek untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah mahasiswa, kemampuan pemecahan masalah dapat dikategorikan meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari skor yang diperoleh dari post tes mengalami peningkatan daripada skor pre tes pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa. Sebab, dalam penelitian ini mahasiswa dituntut untuk terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan pemecahan masalah, sehingga mahasiswa terlatih untuk memecahkan masalah melalui permainan dan berani mengungkapkan pendapatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 670, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 685, "width": 484, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pertanyaan penelitian dan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh selama kegiatan penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 714, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Modul perkuliahan Matematika 1 yang dikembangkan dikategorikan valid oleh validator dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa yang telah dianalisis berdasarkan tahapan menurut Polya telah meningkat sebesar 79%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 377, "top": 39, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JTIEE, Vol 2 No 2, 15 Dec 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "167", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 53, "top": 59, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Buku : Abdurachman, d. (1992). Permainan Anak-anak Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta . Jakarta: Dinas P dan K Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Arifin, Z. (2009). Evaluasi Pembelajaran . Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Mulyani, N. (2016). Permainan Tradisional Anak Indonesia . Yogyakarta: Diva Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 147, "width": 484, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nasution, S. (2008). Berbagai Pendekatan dalam Proses Belajar dan Mengajar. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Polya, G. (1973). How to Solve It . USA: Princeton UNiversity Press. Riedsel. (1996). Teaching Elementary School . Singapore: Allyn and Bacon. Suherman, E. (2003). Strategi Pembelajaran Matematika Kontemporer . Bandung: upipress. Sujono. (1988). Pengajaran Matematika untuk Sekolah Menengah . Jakarta: Dirjen Dikti Depdikbud. Sumarmo, U. (1994). Suatu Alternatif Pengajaran untuk Meningkatkan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Guru dan Siswa SMA . Bandung: FPMIPA IKIP. Thiagarajan, S. d. (1974 ). Instructional Development for Training Teachers of Exceptional Children . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota . Walle, V. d. (2008). Matematika Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah . Jakarta: Erlangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 458, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Widodo, C., & Jasmadi. (2008). Panduan Menyusun Bahan Ajar . Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 371, "top": 39, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/jsm", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 611, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 637, "width": 226, "height": 133, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Indonesia, prevalensi diare merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan kasus yang tinggi, berdasarkan data Kemenkes RI prevalensi diare pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 37,88% atau sekitar 1.516.438 kasus pada balita. Prevalensi tersebut mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2019 menjadi 40% atau sekitar 1.591.944 kasus pada balita (Ditjen P2P, Kemenkes RI, 2020). Diare disebabkan oleh sejumlah organisme", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 611, "width": 226, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bakteri, virus dan parasit, yang sebagian besar disebarkan oleh air yang tercemar feses. Rotavirus dan Escherichia coli adalah dua agen etiologi paling umum dari penyebab diare sedang hingga berat di negara- negara berpenghasilan rendah (Utami, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 704, "width": 226, "height": 65, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Febriani (2013) pengobatan yang dilakukan terhadap penyebab diare yaitu digunakan antibiotik. Antibiotik yang efektif dan aman telah berkembang begitu pesat sehingga dapat mengurangi mortalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 88, "width": 424, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambaran Hasil Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 101, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan Metode DISC dan Sumuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 467, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description of Antibiotic Sensitivity Test Results on Escherichia coli Bacteria Using DISC and Well Methods", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 182, "width": 90, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Windya Nazmatur Rahmah 1*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 211, "width": 114, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al Hidayani 2 Fitria Hariati Ramdhani 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 258, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Fatkhur Rozi 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 296, "width": 108, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya, Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 360, "width": 103, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 182, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 232, "top": 201, "width": 308, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemeriksaan resistensi antibiotik terhadap bakteri memiliki banyak metode dan teknik yang berbeda, yaitu metode difusi sumuran, metode difusi cakram disc, metode difusi silinder, metode dilusi, dan metode difusi dilusi. Banyaknya metode pemeriksaan uji daya hambat bakteri yang ada membuat orang menjadi banyak pertimbangan dalam melakukan hal tersebut. Tujuan dalam penelitain ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil uji sensitivitas antibiotik terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dengan metode disc dan sumuran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram disc dan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil pengukuran rata-rata zona hambat antibiotik terhapat bakteri Escherichia coli didapatkan zona hambat metode difusi sumuran 31.71 mm dan metode difusi cakram disc 31,39 mm. Rata-rata hasil pengukuran metode difusi sumuran lebih besar 0,32 mm dari metode difusi cakram disc dan hasil pengukuran zona hambat metode difusi sumuran dan difusi cakram disc adalah Susceptible atau efektivitas antibiotik kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 404, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 414, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Escherichia coli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 425, "width": 72, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji sensitivitas Metode cakram disc Metode sumuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 467, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 477, "width": 53, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Escherichia coli Sensitivity test Disc method Well method", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 403, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 232, "top": 423, "width": 308, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The examination of antibiotic resistance against bacteria has many different methods and techniques, namely the well-diffusion method, disc-diffusion method, cylindrical diffusion method, dilution method, and dilution-diffusion method. There are many methods of examining the inhibition of bacteria that exist, making people take many considerations in doing this. The purpose of this research is to describe the results of the antibiotic sensitivity test against Escherichia coli bacteria using the disc and well method. This research was conducted using the disc diffusion method and the well diffusion method. The results of measuring the average inhibition zone of antibiotics against Escherichia coli bacteria obtained the inhibition zone of the well diffusion method of 31.71 mm and the disc diffusion method of 31.39 mm. The average measurement results of the well-diffusion method were 0.32 mm larger than the disc-diffusion method and the results of the inhibition zone measurements of the well-diffusion and disc-diffusion methods were Susceptible or the effectiveness of strong antibiotics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 565, "width": 402, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "© 2024 The Authors. Published by Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya. This is Open Access article under the CC-BY-SA License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v10i2.7495", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 27, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 st Windya Nazmatur Rahmah, 2 nd Al Hidayani, 3 rd Fitria Hariati Ramdhani, 4 th Ahmad Fatkhur Rozi. 2024. Description of Antibiotic Sensitivity Test Results on Escherichia coli Bacteria Using DISC and Well Methods", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 525, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "345", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 151, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "akibat penyakit infeksi secara drastis. Keberhasilan tersebut terganggu dengan banyaknya bakteri yang kebal terhadap antibiotika, hal ini disebabkan adanya penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional, penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak sesuai ketentuan, baik itu berupa penggunaan yang tidak tuntas maupun penggunaan tanpa dasar pemeriksaan yang jelas, yang mana pemeriksaan yang mendukung untuk penegakan diagnosa tersebut adalah uji sensitivitas antibiotik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 232, "width": 226, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aktivitas antibakteri dapat dipelajari menggunakan beberapa metode, yaitu metode dilusi, metode difusi agar, dan metode difusi dilusi. Metode difusi adalah metode yang sering digunakan untuk analisis aktivitas antibakteri. Ada 3 cara dari metode difusi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu metode sumuran, metode cakram, dan metode silinder (Nurhayati et al., 2020). Kedua metode tersebut memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan. Kelebihan dari metode dilusi adalah dapat menentukan tingkat resistensi secara kuantitaif dan kekurangan metode dilusi adalah memerlukan pengerjaan yang rumit sedangkan kelebihan metode difusi adalah pengerjaan yang sederhana dan tidak memerlukan waktu yang lama (Irvana, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 482, "width": 226, "height": 221, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode sumuran dapat menghasilkan area atau zona hambat yang lebih luas (Sri et al., 2017). Hasil penelitian Ari et al. (2019) yang mempelajari teknik difusi sumuran dan cakram untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas antibiotik terhadap E. coli mendapatkan hasil bahwa dengan metode sumuran diperoleh zona bening antibiotik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode cakram. Zona hambat atau aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan E. coli disebabkan karena pada umumnya bakteri gram negatif mempunyai resistensi yang lebih baik terhadap senyawa antibakteri karena memiliki struktur dinding sel yang lebih kompleks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 714, "width": 226, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “Gambaran Hasil Uji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sensitivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dengan Metode Disc dan Metode Sumuran”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 128, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 153, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat dan Bahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 177, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cawan petri, beaker glass, timbangan analitik, autoclave, oven, hot plate, inkubator, jangka sorong, tabung elenmeyer, pelobang media, gelas ukur, batang ose, batang pengaduk, pinset, bunsen, media Agar MHA, antibiotik Ciprofloxacin, Cakram Disc antibiotik Ciprofloxacin, alumunium foil, aquadest, spirtus, isolat bakteri E. coli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 304, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prosedur kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 328, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembuatan konsentrasi antibiotik dan penanaman antibiotik metode sumuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 369, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Disiapkan antibiotik Ciprofloxacin yang digunakan untuk penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 403, "width": 171, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Dihaluskan antibiotik dengan alu steril", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 421, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dilakukan pengenceran dengan konsentrasi antibiotik 5 µg", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 456, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Diberi lobang pada media MHA yang sudah ditanam oleh bakteri E. coli", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 490, "width": 226, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Dimasukkan antibiotik pada media MHA dengan metode sumuran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 525, "width": 214, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Diinkubasi selama 24 jam di inkubaor suhu 37°C", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 543, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Dibaca diameter hasil zona bening pada media MHA dengan alat jangka sorong", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 577, "width": 149, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Dicatat semua hasil pemeriksaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 595, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Semua kegiatan harus aseptic", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 612, "width": 210, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prosedur menggunakan metode cakram disc", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 629, "width": 203, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Ditentukan cakram disc antibiotik Ciprofloxacin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 647, "width": 225, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Ditanam disc pada media yang sudah diinokulasi atau ditanam bakteri E. coli", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 682, "width": 201, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Diberikan label nama pengulangan antiobiotik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 699, "width": 165, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Diinkubasi selama 24 jam suhu 37°C", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 716, "width": 226, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Dibaca diameter hasil zona bening pada media MHA dengan alat jangka sorong", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 751, "width": 149, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Dicatat semua hasil pemeriksaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 28, "width": 230, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), Vol 10 No 2, Agustus 2024, Page 344 – 348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 413, "top": 28, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-7266; e-ISSN: 2655-2051", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "346", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Semua kegiatan harus aseptik (Nurhayati, 2020) Interpretasi hasil Tabel I. Karakteristik Diameter Standar Sensitifitas Antibiotik ( Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute , 2012) Jenis Antibiotik Dosis Cakram Karakteristik (mm) Susceptible Intermediate Resistant Ciprofloxacin 5 µg ≥21 16-20 ≤15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 234, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 260, "width": 226, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai hasil uji sensitivitas antibiotik Ciprofloxacin terhadap bakteri E. coli pada media MHA dengan menggunakan metode disc dan metode sumuran kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam di peroleh hasil seperti pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 370, "width": 226, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel II . Hasil pengukuran zona hambat antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli No Metode Rata-rata zona hambat (mm) Standar Deviasi 1 Kontrol Negatif 0 0 2 Difusi Cakram Disc 31,39 0,799 3 Difusi Sumuran 31,71 1,001", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 487, "width": 226, "height": 151, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data dari tabel 2, hasil pengukuran diameter zona hambat antibiotik Ciprofloxacin dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram disc menunjukkan rata-rata diameter ukuran zona 31,39 mm, sedangkan dengan menggunakan metode sumuran rata-rata hasil pengukuran diameter zona hambat 31,71 mm. Standar deviasi yang didapat dari metode difusi cakram disc dan metode difusi sumuran tidak kurang dari setengah hasil rata-rata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 167, "width": 226, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar I . Zona Hambat Antibiotik (a) metode difusi sumuran dengan diameter 31,71 mm; (b) metode difusi cakram disc dengan diameter 31,39 mm; dan (c) control negatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 260, "width": 226, "height": 134, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat bakteri E. coli menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram ( dics ) antibiotik Ciprofloxacin dan sumuran dengan konsertrasi antibiotik 5 µg dimasukkan dalam lubang sumuran sebanyak 40uL dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali (triplo) pada setiap media untuk membandingkan kedua metode dengan hasil pengukuran aktivitas antibakteri Ciprofloxacin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 405, "width": 226, "height": 134, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah aquades seteril yang dimasukkan dalam metode difusi sumuran sebanyak 40 µL sesuai dengan banyaknya antibiotik yang dimasukkan dalam metode difusi sumuran, hal ini sesuai dengan pernyataan Wahyuni, (2020) untuk pembanding pada pengujian ini digunakan aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif karena tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri juga digunakan untuk melarutkan sampel uji.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 551, "width": 226, "height": 186, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media yang digunakan sebagai tempat pertumbuhan bakteri pada uji sensitivitas ini ialah media Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), media Eosin Methyleme Blue (EMB), dan Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Media-media tersebut juga disterilisasi menggunakan autoklaf dengan suhu 121˚C selama 15-20 menit. Dengan tujuan untuk mencegah kontaminan bakteri. Pada penelitian ini, bakteri dikultur pada media BHI yang berfungsi sebagai media penyubur kemudian bakteri diisolasi pada media EMB. Penggunaan EMB dalam penelitian ini dikarenakan media tersebut merupakan media selektif bagi pertumbuhaan E. coli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 27, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 st Windya Nazmatur Rahmah, 2 nd Al Hidayani, 3 rd Fitria Hariati Ramdhani, 4 th Ahmad Fatkhur Rozi. 2024. Description of Antibiotic Sensitivity Test Results on Escherichia coli Bacteria Using DISC and Well Methods", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 525, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "347", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini menggunakan suspensi bakteri E. coli dengan membandingkan standar McFarland 0,5%, setiap cawan berisi volume media MHA 60 ml dan diinokulasi dengan suspensi bakteri E. coli sebanyak 0,4 ml secara aseptik, setiap cawan di lakukan 3 pengulangan yaitu, metode difusi cakram disc antibiotik Ciprofloxacin, metode difusi sumuran dengan suspensi antibiotik Ciprofloxacin 5µg, dan kontrol negatif sebanyak 9 cawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 215, "width": 226, "height": 221, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 metode difusi cakram disc menunjukkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 31,39 mm dan rata-rata hasil pengukuran zona hambat metode difusi sumuran 31,71 mm, dari rata-rata hasil pengukuran tersebut metode difusi sumuran 0,32 mm lebih besar hasil pengukurannya terhadap metode difusi cakram disc , hasil tersebut menunjukkan motode difusi sumuran lebih besar rata-rata diameter hasil pengukurannya terhadap metode difusi cakram disc . Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Sri et al . (2017) yang menyatakan bahwa pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode sumuran dapat menghasilkan area atau zona hambat yang lebih luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 447, "width": 226, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil tersebut didukung pula dengan hasil penelitian Ari et al. (2019) yang mempelajari teknik difusi sumuran dan cakram untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas antibiotik terhadap E. coli mendapatkan hasil bahwa dengan metode sumuran diperoleh zona bening antibiotik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode cakram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 558, "width": 226, "height": 186, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini peneliti membandingkan dua metode yang berbeda untuk melihat hasil zona hambat antibakteri dan dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil metode sumuran lebih bagus untuk diamati. Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan Saputera et al. (2019) uji aktivitas menggunakan metode difusi lubang sumuran, dipilihnya metode ini karena lebih mudah diamati diameter zona beningnya, bukan hanya dipermukaan tetapi dapat sampai kedalam medianya. Metode ini juga sangat cocok untuk melihat hasil daya antibakteri karena E. coli bersifat anaerob yang dapat ditumbuh diluar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "maupun didalam media, sehingga diameter zona hambat nantinya akan jadi lebih maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 111, "width": 226, "height": 377, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan antibiotik Ciprofloxacin dengan konsentrasi 5 µg sesuai dengan kadar konsentrasi pada cakram disc antibiotik Ciprofloxacin . Metode difusi sumuran memiliki diameter sebesar 6 mm, karena diameter tersebut sama dengan diameter cakram disc sehingga peneliti menggunakan ukuran 6 mm, dan volume antibiotik yang dimasukkan dalam metode difusi sumuran sebanyak 40 µl diambil dari larutan antibiotik dengan konsentrasi 5 µg. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Saudi et.al (2018) antibiotika digunakan yaitu Ciprofloxacin konsentrasi 500 mg sebesar 31 mm yang menunjukkan bahwa daya hambat sangat kuat. Sedangkan untuk konsentrasi terkecil 125 mg yang digunakan dalam penelitian Ciprofloxacin memiliki zona hambat sebesar 18 mm. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa zona hambat yang terbesar pada antibiotika Ciprofloxacin . Meluasnya penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak tepat menimbulkan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotika. Untuk itu, diperlukan penggunaan antibiotika secara rasional untuk mencegah penyebaran bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 499, "width": 226, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mendapatkan hasil pengukuran rata-rata zona hambat 31,4 mm untuk metode difusi cakram disc dan 31,7 untuk metode sumuran, sesuai dengan interpretasi hasil, jadi hasil yang didapatkan adalah daya hambat sangat kuat ( Susceptible ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 586, "width": 226, "height": 152, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Saudi et,al (2018) didapatkan diameter zona hambatan yang berbeda dari tiap antibiotika, Ciprofloxacin berkisar antara 7-31 mm, klasifikasi respon hambatan pertumbuhan mikroba yaitu diameter >20 mm menunjukkan daya hambat sangat kuat (bakteri sangat rentan), jika diameter zona bening sekitar 10 - 20 mm menunjukkan daya hambat kuat (bakteri rentan), jika diameter zona bening 5–10 mm munjukkan daya hambat cukup/medium (bakteri cukup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 28, "width": 230, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), Vol 10 No 2, Agustus 2024, Page 344 – 348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 413, "top": 28, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-7266; e-ISSN: 2655-2051", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "348", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "resisten) dan jika diameter zona bening < 5 mm menunjukkan daya hambat kurang (bakteri resisten).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 111, "width": 226, "height": 220, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil zona hambat pada waktu inkubasi 24 jam menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan waktu inkubasi setelah 48 jam, hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa kekuatan antibakteri hanya dapat membunuh bakteri hingga sampai ukuran tersebut dan bakteri sudah melemah sehingga tidak ada penerunan ukuran zona hambat, serta besar konsertrasi antimikroba mempengaruhi ukuran zona hambat yang di hasilkan. Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan Datta et al. (2019) bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi antimikroba, maka semakin cepat terjadi difusi, sehingga daya antibakteri akan semakin besar dan diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan semakin luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 360, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 385, "width": 226, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata hasil pengukuran zona hambat metode difusi sumuran 0,32 mm lebih besar dari metode difusi cakram disc . Hasil pengukuran zona hambat metode difusi sumuran dan difusi cakram disc adalah Susceptible atau efektivitas antibiotik kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 515, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 540, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terimakasih kepada Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan yang menyediakan fasilitas yang dapat digunakan seperti laboratorium yang memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 615, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 641, "width": 226, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ari, K., Yuriska, S., Annisa, Y., dan Kurnia, R. 2019. Uji Teknik Difusi Menggunakan Kertas Saring Media Tampung Antibiotik dengan Escherichia coli sebagai Bakteri Uji. Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, 13(2):151-155", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 705, "width": 226, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Febriani, T. A. 2013. Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotika Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Diare di Puskesmas Mangasa Kota Makassar. UIN Alaudin Makasar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Datta, F. U., Daki, A. N., Benu, I., Detha, A. I. R., Foeh, N. D., dan Ndaong, N. A. 2019 . 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[ { "left": 45, "top": 726, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 726, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 435, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG MENSTRUASI DENGAN METODE AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN SISWI SDN TAMBAKMAS 03 DALAM MENGHADAPI MENARCHE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 150, "top": 180, "width": 306, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Devina Siti Nur Kholifah 1 , KH Endah Widhi Astuti 2 , Siswiyanti 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 195, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 Jurusan Kebidanan, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 227, "width": 167, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Info Artikel Abstrak Genesis Naskah: Submissions: 03-08-2022 Revised: 07-11-2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 45, "top": 278, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted: 15-11-2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 243, "width": 391, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menarche merupakan periode menstruasi yang pertama datang kepada diri seorang perempuan yang memasuki masa pubertas. Remaja putri memerlukan informasi terkait mekanisme menstruasi serta kesehatan saat periode menstruasi. Oleh sebab itu, memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual menjadi salah satu upaya memberikan informasi dan juga memberikan perhatian kepada remaja putri sehingga mereka akan lebih tenang serta lebih siap dalam menghadapi menarche nantinya. Tujuan dari penelitian guna mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pre eksperimen design dengan pendekatan one group pre-test post-test design. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden kelas IV dan V di SDN Tambakmas 03. Sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan nilai p = 0,000 ( p < 0,05). Sehingga dapat di sarankan bahwa metode audio visual menjadi salah satu sarana penyampaian informasi yang efektif dan mudah diterima khususnya kepada para siswa karena siswa bukan hanya membaca tetapi dapat melihat gambaran nyata melalui video.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 313, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 326, "width": 100, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Pendidikan kesehatan, Metode audiovisual, pengetahuan, menarche)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 451, "width": 414, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ABOUT MENSTRUATION WITH AUDIOVISUAL METHODS TO KNOWLEDGE STUDENTS OF SDN TAMBAKMAS 03 IN FACING MENARCHE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 45, "top": 499, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 512, "width": 93, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( Health education, Audiovisual methods, knowledge, menarche)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 499, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 171, "top": 519, "width": 391, "height": 195, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menarche is the time of menstruation that comes first in a woman who enters puberty. Adolescent girls need information about the menstrual process and health during menstruation. Therefore, providing health education about menstruation with the audiovisual method is an effort to provide information and also pay attention to young women so that they will be calmer and more prepared to face menarche later. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of health education on menstruation using the audiovisual method on the knowledge of students at SDN Tambakmas 03 in dealing with menarche. Research methods it uses the pre . method experimental design with a one group pre-test post-test design approach. The sampling technique used is total sampling. With a sample of 30 respondents in class IV and V at SDN Tambakmas 03. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon test. From this study, it is known that there is an effect of health education on menstruation using audiovisual methods on the knowledge of students at SDN Tambakmas 03 in dealing with menarche before and after being given health education about menstruation with a value of p = 0.000 ( p < 0.05). It can be suggested that audio visual method as one of mean conveying information that is effectively and easily accepted especially for students, because students are not only read but can see real", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 65, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JMSWH Journal of Midwifery Science and Women’s Health", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 45, "top": 77, "width": 238, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 ISSN (online) : 2 747-0970 DOI: 10 .36082/jmswh.v3i1.703", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 726, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 726, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 171, "top": 66, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "picture through the videos.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 80, "width": 332, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Korespondensi Penulis: Devina Siti Nur Kholifah Desa Tambakmas, Kecamatan Kebonsari, Kabupaten Madiun, Jawa Timur 63173 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 771, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 534, "top": 772, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 49, "top": 88, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 49, "top": 108, "width": 233, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menarche terdiri dari dua kata yaitu mēn yang memiliki arti bulan serta arkhē yang memiliki arti permulaan yang mana kata menarche sendiri berasal dari bahasa yunani. Menarche memiliki definisi yaitu siklus menstruasi pertama atau permulaan perdarahan menstruasi pada seorang perempuan. Kusmiran (2014) menyebutkan bahwa menarche merupakan awalan menstruasi yang dialami seorang wanita saat memasuki masa pubertas, biasanya terjadi ketika usia 12 sampai 14 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 271, "width": 233, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2015 mencatat sebanyak 6,1 juta jiwa remaja dengan presentase sebanyak 15,65 % dari keseluruhan penduduk Jawa Timur. Dari jumlah tersebut 49,77% adalah kelompok remaja awal usia 11-15 tahun, kemudian 30,36% adalah kelompok remaja menengah usia 16-18 tahun dan sisanya 19,87% adalah kelompok remaja akhir usia 18-19 tahun (Pramono, 2016). Sedangkan menurut data Dinkes Kabupaten Madiun tahun 2017 didapati jumlah anak perempuan dengan usia 10-19 tahun sejumlah 47.437 anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 445, "width": 233, "height": 272, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika seorang perempuan mengalami menstruasi maka akan terjadi reaksi hormonal, biologis serta psikis (Delima et al., 2020). Remaja putri memerlukan informasi terkait mekanisme menstruasi serta kesehatan saat periode menstruasi. Remaja putri akan kesusahan menghadapi menstruasi pertamanya jika dia belum memiliki pengetahuan atau belum pernah membahas terkait menstruasi dengan teman ataupun dengan ibu mereka. Terkait permasalahan tersebut upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan remaja dalam menghadapi menache ialah dengan memberikan informasi terkait menstuasi melalui pendidikan kesehatan dan juga memberikan perhatian kepada remaja putri sehingga mereka akan lebih tenang serta lebih siap untuk menyambut menarche nantinya. Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan bisa diberikan melalui berbagai metode salah satunya lewat metode audiovisual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 721, "width": 233, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ishak Abdullah (2013) media audiovisual pada dasarnya merupakan suatu penyampaian realitas, yang utamanya lewat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengindraan baik melalui penglihatan dan pendengaran yang memiliki tujuan guna menunjukan profesionalisme pendidikan yang nyata kepada responden. Metode audiovisual dirasa lebih tepat, cepat juga mudah jika dipadankan dengan pembicaraan, pemikiran maupun cerita terkait pengalaman pendidikan. Pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode audiovisual diharapkan mempu menarik minat responden sehingga mereka dapat memberikan fokus dan perhatian mereka kepada materi yang disampaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 248, "width": 233, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan yang peneliti lakukan kepada sebagian siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dari kelas 4 sampai kelas 5 diketahui bahwa 6 dari 10 siswi belum paham dan belum mengalami menarche sedangkan 4 siswi kurang memahami konsep menarche. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan survei awal siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 masih kurang memahami mengenai konsep menarche pada pubertas pertama dan anak kurang memperoleh informasi mengenai masa pubertas pertama atau masa menarche.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 408, "width": 233, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh sebab itu, tujuan penelitian ini ialah guna mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 493, "width": 52, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 515, "width": 234, "height": 243, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian ialah metode yang diaplikasikan oleh peneliti sebagai upaya mengakumulasikan data dalam penelitiannya (Arikunto, 2013). Peneliti menggunakan metode pre eksperimen design dengan pendekatan one group pre-test post-test design , yang bertujuan untuk mengutarakan hubungan sebab akibat dengan menyertakan satu kelompok intervensi. Kelompok intervensi ini akan diobservasi sebelum serta setelah diberikan perlakuan. Hal ini sejalan dengan penjelasan Sugiyono (2014) bahwa pre- experimental design merupakan suatu rancangan penelitian yang hanya terdiri dari satu kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan pra dan pasca uji. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menilai pengaruh suatu perlakuan pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 771, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 534, "top": 772, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 49, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche atau untuk membuktikan hipotesis terkait ada tidaknya pengaruh intervensi yang telah diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 146, "width": 233, "height": 228, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Tambakams 03 pada bulan Februari-Juni2022. Peneliti mengambil populasi meliputi siswi kelas 4 s/d 5 di SDN Tambakmas 03 yang berjumlah 30 anak yang belum mengalami menarche. Sementara untuk teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini ialah total sampling disebabkan jumlah populasi yang cukup kecil yaitu tidak lebih dari 100 anak. Total sampling disebut juga teknik sensus yang mana keseluruhan anggota populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian tersebut. Penjelasan ini sesuai dengan pengertian dari Sugiyono (2014) yang menyebutkan bahwa total sampling merupakan teknik sampling yang mana pengambilan sampel meliputi keseluruhan jumlah populasi dalam penelitian tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 379, "width": 233, "height": 257, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel independen penelitian ini ialah pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual dan variabel dependennya adalah pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche. Sedangkan instrumen penelitian yang dipakai peneliti dalam penelitian ini berupa media audiovisual serta kuesioner yang diisi langsung oleh responden. Untuk metode audiovisual yang dibuat oleh peneliti berupa sebuah video yang terdiri pengertian menstruasi dan menarche, tanda dan gejala menarche, proses terjadinya menstruasi, perubahan fisik dan psikologis yang terjadi saat menstruasi, personal hygiene saat menstruasi dan menarche dengan durasi 17 menit 48 detik. Metode audiovisual ini berupa single video yang disampaikan secara langsung kepada responden sebanyak 2 kali pemutaran video dengan media LCD proyektor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 641, "width": 233, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Serta dengan pengawasan langsung dari peneliti saat pemutaran video untuk memastikan responden menonton video tersebut. Sementara untuk kuesioner menggunakan pernyataan tertutup dengan dua alternatif jawaban berupa pernyataan positif (fovarable) dan negatif (unfovarable). Kuesioner yang disusun berupa pernyataan tentang pengetahuan menstruasi pertama, jumlah pernyataan sebanyak 20 soal dengan 17 soal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "favorable dan 3 soal unfavirabel. Skor fovarable 1 pada jawaban yang dinyatakan benar dan 0 pada jawaban yang dinyatakan salah. Skor unfavorable 0 untuk jawaban yang dinyatakan benar dan 1 untuk jawaban yang dinyatakan salah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 161, "width": 234, "height": 271, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis univariat dalam penelitian ini meliputi umur, sumber informasi, serta tingkat pengetahuan siswi tentang menstruasi pertama (menarche) sebelum dan sesudah pendidikan kesehatan media audiovisual berdasarkan hasil kuesioner yang selanjutnya ditabulasi dan dikelompokkan dalam bentuk tabel. Sedangkan analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan guna mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan media audiovisual terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan siswi kelas IV dan V tentang menstruasi pertama (menarche) di SDN Tambakmas 03. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Uji Wilcoxon sendiri dipakai untuk menguji kesignifikansian perbandingan antara dua sampel yang saling berkorelasi (Sundayana, 2018). Alasan mengunakan uji Wilcoxon karena data dalam penelitian ini berskala ordinal dan ukuran sampelnya relatif kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 449, "width": 37, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 472, "width": 130, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Karakteristik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 490, "width": 233, "height": 220, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Gambaran karakteristik penelitian diuraikan berdasarkan umur serta sumber informasi pada penelitian ini ialah sebagai berikut : Karakte Ristik Kategori Frekuensi (f) Persentase (%) Umur 9 Tahun 2 6,7 10 Tahun 6 20 11 Tahun 21 70 12 Tahun 1 3,3 Total 30 100 Sumber Informasi Orang Tua 2 6,7 Teman 16 53,3 Nakes 8 26,7 Internet 1 3,3 Belum Pernah 3 10 Total 30 100 Sumber : Data riset tahun 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 50, "top": 771, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 535, "top": 772, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 235, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas dalam menghadapi menarche sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual Pretest Frekuensi Persentase Baik 1 3,3 Cukup 22 73,3 Kurang 7 23,3 Total 30 100 Sumber : Data riset tahun 2022 Posttest Frekuensi Persentase Baik 25 83,3 Cukup 5 16,7 Kurang 0 0 Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 50, "top": 328, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data riset tahun 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 353, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Uji Wilcoxon", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 368, "width": 233, "height": 141, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji yang dipakai guna menguji hipotesis antara dua variabel pada penelitian ini adalah uji Wilcoxon karena data pada penelitian ini berskala ordinal dan ukuran sampelnya relatif kecil. Analisis ini dilihat dari seberapa besar pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN tambakmas dalam menghadapi menarche sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Hasil uji hipotesis penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 523, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan siswi SDN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 46, "top": 529, "width": 231, "height": 215, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tambakmas dalam menghadapi menarche N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Posttest – Pretest Negative Ranks 0 0,00 0,00 Positive Ranks 30 15,50 465,00 Ties 0 Total 30 Sumber : Data riset tahun 2022 Pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas dalam menghadapi menarche Z Sig. (2- tailed) Α Posttest – Pretest -5,396 0,000 0,05", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 50, "top": 748, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data riset tahun 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 88, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 107, "width": 237, "height": 184, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dari 30 responden didominasi responden berumur 11 tahun sebayak 21 siswi sebesar 70%. Kusmiran (2014) menyebutkan bahwa menarche merupakan awalan menstruasi yang dialami seorang wanita saat memasuki masa pubertas, biasanya terjadi ketika usia 12 sampai 14 tahun. Meski demikian usia menarche sendiri beragam pada setiap individu, menarche bisa terjadi mulai usia 9 sampai 15 tahun. Sehingga saat memasuki usia ini merupakan periode yang tepat bagi responden untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang menstruasi pertama (menarche).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 296, "width": 233, "height": 228, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagian besar responden juga sudah pernah pernah mendapat informasi tentang menstruasi sebanyak 27 responden (90%) baik dari orang tua, teman, nakes dan internet. Seseorang yang sudah pernah mendapatkan informasi akan menambah pengetahuannya. Sumber informasi adalah salah satu variabel penting yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan. Informasi bisa didapatkan melalui pendidikan secara formal maupun non- formal yang bisa memberikan dampak bagi perubahan dan peningkatan pengetahuan (Notoatmodjo, 2014). Dengan demikian, pada kurun waktu ini siswi membutuhkan pendidikan kesehatan untuk diserap, dalam hal ini peneliti melakukan pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi melaui media audiovisual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 528, "width": 233, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada hasil uji Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai selisih negatif pre-test dan post-test adalah 0 yang artinya tidak terdapat penurunan nilai pre-test ke post-test Untuk nilai selisih positif diketahui nilai N adalah 30, rata-rata peningkatan atau mean rank adalah 15,50 dan jumlah ranking positif adalah 465,00. Sedangkan nilai ties yang merupakan kesetaraan nilai pre-test ke post-test dalam penelitian ini adalah 0 sehingga disimpulkan tidak terdapat nilai yang setara pada nilai pre-test serta post-test dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 688, "width": 233, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan pada hasil uji wilcoxon diperoleh angka significancy 0,000 (nilai p < 0,05) maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 771, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 535, "top": 772, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian terbukti secara signifikan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 190, "width": 233, "height": 213, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian (Hapsari et al., 2021) yang berjudul Pengaruh Penerapan Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menarche Dengan Metode Audiovisual Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Di SDN Sukorame 01 diketahui data hasil analisis dengan uji wilcoxon terdapat pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan kelompok intervensi sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ( p-Value 0,003). Serta terdapat pengaruh kategori sikap kelompok intervensi sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ( p-Value 0,001), dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menarche dengan metode audiovisual terhadap tingakat dan sikap remaja di SD N Sukorame 01.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 408, "width": 233, "height": 344, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendidikan kesehatan dengan media audiovisual. Pendidikan kesehatan ini dilakukan dalam rangka untuk membandingkan pengetahuan responden sebelum juga sesudah diberikan intervensi berupa pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan media audiovisual. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di SD Negeri Tambakmas 03 dengan 30 responden didapatkan hasil bahwa kategori pengetahuan responden sebelum dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan dengan media audiovisual dalam kategori baik sebanyak 1 siswi (3,3%), cukup sebanyak 22 siswi (73,3%) dan kurang 7 siswi (23,3%). Adapun kategori pengetahuan responden setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan media audiovisual dalam kategori baik 25 siswi (83,3%), cukup sebanyak 5 siswi ( 16,7% ) dan kurang 0 siswi (0%). Dengan melihat hasil penelitian tersebut peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan media audiovisual tentang perilaku kesehatan reproduksi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan responden di SD Negeri Tambakmas 03.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 243, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejalan dengan penelitian (Delima et al., 2020) dengan judul “Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menstruasi Terhadap Kesiapan Dalam Menghadapi Menarche Pada Siswi Kelas V dan VI” diperoleh hasil mean pre-test pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi adalah 91,50 dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media audiovisual mengalami peningkatan saat posttest pengetahuan menjadi 101,25. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik diketahui nilai P = 0,001 dengan selisih rerata -9750, dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi terhadap kesiapan menghadapi menarche responden antara sebelum dan setelah pemberian pendidikan kesehatan dimana terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang kesiapan menghadapi menarche.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 335, "width": 233, "height": 287, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media audiovisual menguatkan responden dalam menerima pesan dalam pembelajaran lewat indra pendengaran dan juga penciptaan pesan belajar lewat indra penglihatan. Menstimulasi masuknya informasi kedalam ingatan lewat mata juga telinga serta dapat membuat seseorang mengingat apa yang dilihat serta didengar dari tayangan suatu program. Media audiovisual mampu memudahkan orang dalam menyampaikan serta menerima suatu informasi, memicu keinginan untuk mengetahui lebih banyak informasi dari yang ditayangkan. Dengan menggunakan media audiovisual responden memperoleh gambaran nyata dari materi yang disampaikan. Media audiovisual juga dapat mempermudah responden dalam mengingat materi yang telah diajarkan. Media audiovisual juga memiliki kelebihan dari aspek pemateri yaitu memudahkan pemateri dalam menjelaskan materi pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 626, "width": 233, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejalan dengan penjelasan dari (Rusman, 2013) disebutkan beberapa kelebihan dari media audiovisual khususnya video yaitu mampu menyampaikan pesan yang dapat diterima lebih maksimal oleh responden, media video sangat tepat guna menjelaskan sebuah proses serta bisa melewati keterbatasan ruang dan waktu karena lebih realistis juga dapat diulang atau dihentikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, video juga memberi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 771, "width": 241, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I Jl. Wijaya Kusuma No. 47-48 Cilandak Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 535, "top": 772, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesan yang mendalam sehingga diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi sikap responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 129, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 152, "width": 233, "height": 126, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menstruasi dengan metode audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan siswi SDN Tambakmas 03 dalam menghadapi menarche dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 ( p < 0,05). Diharapkan siswi di SDN Tambakmas 03 mampu menerapkan informasi yang telah diperoleh tentang menstruasi untuk mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi menarche.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 283, "width": 233, "height": 155, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti memberikan rekomendasi agar Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan media audivisual tentang menarche ini dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dengan menjalin kerja sama dengan pihak Puskesmas. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat dilakukan bersamaan dengan kegiatan bulan BIAS atau dilaksanakan saat kegiatan extra kurikuler seperti Pramuka atau menyiapkan waktu khusus oleh guru BK sehingga siswa lebih memahami baik perubahan baik fisik maupun mental dalam menghadapi masa remaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 455, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 478, "width": 232, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdullah, I. (2013). Teknologi Pendidikam (Cet. 1). Remaja Rosda Karya. Arikunto. (2013). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik . Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 528, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Delima, M., Andriani, Y., & Lestari, T. (2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 541, "width": 209, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menstruasi Terhadap Kesiapan Dalam Menghadapi Menarche Pada Siswi Kelas V dan VI . 2 (2), 97–104.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 592, "width": 233, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hapsari, Y. E., Widyastutik, D., Hapsari, E., & Yessy, M. (2021). Pengaruh Penerapan Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menarche Dengan Metode Audiovisual Terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 642, "width": 233, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Di SD N Sukorame 01 . 21 . Kusmiran, E. (2014). Kesehatan Reproduksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 680, "width": 232, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remaja dan Wanita . Salemba Medika. Notoatmodjo, S. (2014). Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan . Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 718, "width": 233, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pramono, T. (2016). Statistik Remaja Jawa Timur 2015. In Statistik Remaja Jawa Timur 2015 . Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur. Rusman. (2013). Model-model Pembelajaran Title .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 88, "width": 233, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rajawali Pers. Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan RD . Alfabeta. Sundayana. (2018). Statistika Penelitian Pendidikan . Alfabeta.", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 97, "top": 88, "width": 436, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "OPTIMALISASI POTENSI PEREKONOMIAN HASIL PERTANIAN MELALUI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TENAGA KERJA DESA BANJARSARI GRESIK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 404, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I Made Bagus Dwiarta 1 , Crhistina Menuk Sri Handajani 2 , Taudlikhul Afkar 3 , Djoko Adi Walujo 4 , Nashrudin Latif 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 164, "width": 118, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fakultas Ekonomi 1,2,3,4,5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 180, "width": 218, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya 1,2,3,4,5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 196, "width": 243, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Corresponding author 1 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 487, "height": 185, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak : Potensi Desa Banjarsari Kecamatan Cerme Kabupaten Gresik dilihat dari segi ekonomi lebih cenderung pada sektor pertanian, meskipun juga terdapat tambak, kolam budidaya, serta kebuh buah-buahan. Namun masyarakat Desa Banjarsari dalam perputaran perekonomiannya lebih banyak pada pertanian. Permasalahan yang ada seperti kurangnya pendidikan serta kebutuhan keluarga karena menggantungkan hidupnya dari pertanian. Maka dalam pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pengetahuan melalui penyuluhan mengenai strategi pengembangan tenaga kerja untuk meningkatkan perekonomian dari hasil pertanian. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui rancangan muatan ( content area ) pada penguatan kapasitas individu petani sekaligus penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan dapat mendorong pengembangan petani untuk sinergi dalam usaha peningkatan perekonomian desa pada umumnya dan taraf hidup petani pada khususnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 288, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : potensi perekonomian, pertanian, tenaga kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 485, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 501, "width": 487, "height": 122, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Segi perekonomian masyarakat Desa Banjarsari hampir seluruh warganya menggantunkgan hidupnya dari faktor pertanian baik pertanian sawah seperti padi tebu dan jagung, hingga pertanian non sawah seperti tambak, kolam budidaya dan kebun buah–buahan. Hasil perikanan merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling mendominasi dimana banyak sekali pelaku – pelaku usaha perikanan seperti tambak bandeng dan beberapa kolam budidaya udang vanamei. Segi kesehatan terdapat puskesmas desa yang berada di balai Desa Banjarsari yang orientasinya diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat desa agar lebih sadar akan kesehatan. Selain puskesmas juga terdapat posyandu yang terorganisir cukup baik yang memfokuskan untuk memperhatiakan kesehatan bagi ibu dan anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 628, "width": 488, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pertanian menjadi primadona yang memiliki peran vital bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang diumumkan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS, per November 2018), Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) berada di angka 103,12 atau 0,09% dibandingkan Oktober. Rata-rata angka NTP tahun 2018 adalah 102,40 atau naik 1,29 % dibandingkan periode 2017. NTP 2018 tercatat terus menanjak dan terbesar selama kurun waktu tiga tahun (2014-2017). Dimana NTP 2014 (102,09), NTP 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(101,48), NTP 2016 (101,66) dan NTP 2017 (101,11). Meningkatnya angka NTP menjadi bukti kesejejahteraan masyarakat pedesaan yang mayoritas petani meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 488, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daya beli petani terhadap kebutuhan konsumsi menguat sebab hasil produksi pertanian yang melonjak. Sumbangan terbesar ekspor pertanian berasal dari kakao, cengkeh, serta hasil perkebunan lainnya. Ekspor pertanian Indonesia berdasarkan data BPS per November 2018 sebesar US$ 320 juta. Jumlah tersebut mengalami kenaikan dibandingkan bulan yang sama tahun 2017. Secara rata- rata, ekspor pertanian ikut andil 1,89% total perdagangan dari kumulatif ekspor nonmigas. Sedangkan dari sub sektor perkebunan, tercatat berkontribusi 34% kepada produk domestic bruto (PDB) nasional serta membuka lapangan kerja hingga 22,69 juta jiwa. Pada tri wulan II-2018, subsektor perkebunan menyumbangkan RP 384,22 triliun terhadap PDB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 487, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Merujuk rilis data BPS mengenai ketersediaan beras nasional rata-rata tahun 2018 berjumlah 32,4 juta ton. Stok cadangan beras pemerintah (CBP) masih berada di angka 2,15 juta ton per 30 November 2018. Jumlah stok yang masih dalam kategori aman tersebut menunjukkan produktivitas pertanian masih aman dan akan memengaruhi stabilitas harga di pasaran. Fakta yang menguatkan bahwa mega sektor pertanian memberikan kontribusi penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Sektor pertanian di Indonesia merupakan tulang punggung dari perekonomian dan pembangunan nasional. Peranannya dapat dilihat dalam pembentukan PDB, penerimaan devisa, penyerapan tenaga kerja, penyediaan pangan, dan penyediaan bahan baku industri. Perannya merambah pada memeratakan pembangunan melalui upaya pengentasan kemiskinan dan perbaikan pendapatan masyarakat. Sekaligus peran yang menjadikan sektor pertanian sebagai pembentuk budaya bangsa dan penyeimbang ekosistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 488, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sektor pertanian memiliki multifungsi yang mencakup aspek produksi atau ketahanan pangan, peningkatan kesejahteraan petani atau pengentasan kemiskinan, dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup. Bagi Indonesia, nilai fungsi pertanian tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penetapan kebijakan struktur insentif sektor pertanian. Komitmen dukungan insentif melalui pemahaman peran multifungsi perlu didefinisikan secara luas, bukan saja insentif ekonomi (subsidi dan proteksi), tetapi juga dukungan pengembangan sistem dan usaha agribisnis dalam arti luas. Pengembangan lahan pertanian abadi akan diwujudkan jika sektor pertanian dengan nilai multifungsinya dapat memberikan manfaat bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan petani dan pengentasan kemiskinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 564, "width": 375, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Urgensi Eksistensi Kelembagaan Petani dalam Pembangunan Pertanian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 488, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada 2019, koordinasi dan sinergi antara pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, dan stakeholder lainnya terus dijalin untuk mengawal pencapaian target berikutnya program Kementerian Pertanian melalui program Serasi. Komitmen tinggi diharapkan terjalin antara pemerintah pusat (Kementerian Pertanian), Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP), Kementerian PUPR terutama Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai (BWSS), Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi (Kemendes PDTT), TNI AD, serta Pemerintah Provinsi dan Kabupaten untuk menyukseskan program Serasi. Dukungan lainnya diperlukan dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "para pedagang pengepul, Persatuan Penggilingan Padi, Pengusaha Beras Indonesia (Perpadi), perusahaan benih, pupuk dan lain-lain juga akan sangat menentukan keberhasilan program Serasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 487, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Orientasi sinergi pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia tersebut perlu dijawab dengan pengembangan petani melalui kelembagaan pertanian. Pengembangan tenaga kerja melalui kelembagaan petani di pedesaan berkontribusi dalam akselerasi pengembangan sosial ekonomi petani, aksesibilitas pada informasi pertanian, aksesibilitas pada modal, infrastruktur, dan pasar, dan adopsi inovasi-inovasi pertanian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 199, "width": 487, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya pertanian adalah masalah kelembagaan pertanian yang tidak mendukung, salahsatunya kelembagaan petani. Fondasi pemikiran kelembagaan petani pada :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 487, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Proses pertanian yang memerlukan sumberdaya manusia tangguh yang didukung infrastruktur, peralatan, kredit dan sebagainya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 278, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Pembangunan kelembagaan petani lebih rumit daripada manajemen sumberdaya alam karena faktor produksi dan unit-unit produksi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 310, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Kegiatan pertanian mencakup tiga rangkaian : penyiapan input, mengubah input menjadi produk dengan usaha tenaga kerja dan manajemen, dan menempatkan output menjadi berharga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Kegiatan pertanian memerlukan dukungan dalam bentuk kebijakan dan kelembagaan dari pusat hingga lokal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 374, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Kompleksitas pertanian, yang meliputi unit-unit usaha dan kelembagaan, sulit mencapai kondisi optimal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 488, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kelembagaan petani adalah lembaga petani yang berada pada kawasan lokalitas ( local institution ), yang berupa organisasi keanggotaan ( membership organization ) atau kerjasama ( cooperatives ) yaitu petani-petani yang tergabung dalam kelompok kerjasama (Uphoff, 1986). Mencakup pengertian organisasi petani, aturan main ( role of the game ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 469, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peran kelembagaan petani :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 485, "width": 459, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Tugas dalam organisasi ( interorganizational task ) untuk memediasi masyarakat dan negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 501, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Tugas sumberdaya ( resource tasks ) mencakup mobilisasi sumberdaya lokal (tenaga kerja, modal, material, informasi) dan pengelolaannya dalam pencapaian tujuan masyarakat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Tugas pelayanan ( service tasks ) mencakup permintaan pelayanan yang menggambarkan tujuan pembangunan atau koordinasi permintaan masyarakat local", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 564, "width": 487, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Tugas antar organisasi ( extra-organizational tasks ) memerlukan adanya permintaan local terhadap birokrasi atau organisasi luar masyarakat terhadap campur tangan oleh agen-agen luar (Esman dan Uphoff dalam Garkovich, 1989).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 487, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kelembagaan petani yang efektif diharapkan mampu mendukung pembangunan pertanian. Di tingkat petani lembaga diperlukan sebagai : a) wahana untuk pendidikan, b) kegiatan komersial dan organisasi sumberdaya pertanian, c) pengelolaan properti umum, dan membela kepentingan kolektif. Keberadaan kelembagaan petani didasarkan atas kerjasama yang dapat dilakukan oleh petani dalam mengelola sumberdaya pertanian, antara lain : a) pemrosesan, agar lebih cepat, efisien dan murah, b) pemasaran, akan meyakinkan pembeli atas kualitas dan meningkatakan posisi daya tawar petani, c)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 487, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pembelian, agar mendapatkan harga lebih murah, d) pemakaian alat-alat pertanian, akan menurunkan biaya atas pembelian alat tersebut, e) kerjasama pelayanan, untuk menyediakan pelayanan kepentingan bersama, f) bank kerjasama, g) kerjasama usaha tani, diperoleh keuntungan lebih tinggi dan keseragaman produk yang dihasilkan, h) kerjasama multi-tujuan, yang dikembangkan sesuai minat yang sama dari petani. Kegiatan bersama ( group action atau co- operation ) oleh para petani diyakini oleh Mosher (1991) sebagai faktor pelancar pembangunan pertanian. Aktivitas bersama sangat diperlukan apabila dengan kebersamaan tersebut akan lebih efektif dalam mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemandirian Petani Melalui Kelembagaan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 487, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemandirian ( self reliance ) adalah suatu suasana atau kondisi tertentu yang membuat seorang individu atau sekelompok manusai yang telah mencapai kondisi yang tidak tergantung pada bantuan atau kedermawanan pihak ketiga untuk mengamankan kepentingan individu atau kelompok. (Verhagen, 1996). Kemandirian petani (Soedijanto, 2004) meliputi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 310, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Kemandirian material", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Kemandirian intelektual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Kemandirian pembinaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 358, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Sebagai manusia yang interdepensi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 374, "width": 487, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemandirian dan keswadayaan individu dapat terwujud melalui proses-proses sosial dalam kelembagaan yang ada di masyarakat. Melalui interaksi yang dibangun antar individu dalam masyarakat terjadi proses pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan kapasitas individu. Petani yang berdaya adalah petani yang secara politik dapat mengartikulasikan (menyampaikan perwujudan) kepentingannya, secara ekonomi dapat melakukan proses tawar menawar degan pihak lain dalam kegiatan ekonomi, secara sosial dapat mengelola mengatur komunitas dan mengambil keputusan secara mandiri, dan secara budaya diakui eksistensinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 485, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Partisipasi petani dalam keputusan-keputusan yang terkait program pembangunan pertanian sangat dibutuhkan oleh sebab :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 517, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Informasi penting dalam perencanaan program", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Motivasi untuk bekerjasama", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 548, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Mengambil keputusan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 564, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Permasalahan pembangunan pertanian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 487, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemahaman tentang pemberdayaan petani merupakan suatu strategi yang menitikberatkan pada bagaimana memberikan peran yang proporsional agar petani dapat berperan secara aktif dalam aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan. Untuk upaya tersebut diperlukan proses pendidikan untuk mengubah sikap petani, dan untuk membangkitkan kegairahan dan hasrat serta keprcayaan akan kemampuan sendiri, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan swadaya ( self help ) perorangan dan kelompok untuk memperbaiki nasib sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 292, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Strategi Pengembangan Kapasitas Kelembagaan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 104, "width": 488, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan merupakan suatu proses perubahan sosial berencana yang dimaksudkan sebagai sarana pendorong proses perubahan dan inovasi. Proses transformasi kelembagaan pada petani melalui pembangunan atau pengembangan kelombagaan seyogyanya dapat menjadikan kelembagaan menjadi bagian penting dalam kehidupan petani untuk memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan usaha taninya. Pengemabangan kapasitas kelembagaan petani merupakan perspektif tentang perubahan sosial yang direncanakan, yang menyangkut inovasi-inovasi yang menyiratkan perubahan-perubahan kualitatif dalam norma-norma, dalam pola-pola kelakuan, dalam hubungan-hubungan kelompok, dalam persepsi-persepsi baru mengenai tujuan maupun cara-cara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Unsur-unsur dalam lembaga (Esman, 1986) dapat dijadikan parameter untuk menilai kapasitas suatu lembaga :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 262, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Adanya kepemimpinan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 278, "width": 388, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Adanya spesifikasi nilai-nilai, tujuan-tujuan dan metode-metode operasional", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 294, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Adanya program", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 310, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Adanya sumberdaya-sumberdaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Terbentuknya struktur intern", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 487, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara ringkas tujuan kelembagaan kelompok petani tercapai, fungsi dan peran kelembagaan berjalan, adanya keinovatifan kelembagaan dan keberlanjutan kelembagaan sebagai indikator kapasitas kelembagaan (Anantayu, 2009). Berdasarkan kajian Anantayu (2009), langkah-langkah tindakan strategis dalam mengembangkan kelembagaan petani dilakukan dengan cara :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Peningkatan dukungan penyuluhan pertanian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Peningkatan peran pihak luar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 437, "width": 341, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Peningkatan kedinamisan kelompok sebagai kelompok pembelajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Peningkatan kapasitas petani", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 469, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Peningkatan partisipasi petani dalam kelembagaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 485, "width": 487, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan petani dilakukan sejalan dengan kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian dengan memotivasi petani untuk berpartisipasi dalam kelembagaan petani. Penyukuhan pertanian perlu dirancang dengan memberikan muatan pada penguatan kapasitas individu petani sekaligus penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 564, "width": 248, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. METODE PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 487, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Melihat potensi desa banjarsari yang hampir seluruh warganya menggantunkgan hidupnya dari faktor pertanian baik pertanian sawah seperti padi tebu dan jagung, hingga pertanian non sawah seperti tambak, kolam budidaya dan kebun buah–buahan. Maka dalam pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat desa banjarsari melalui penjelasan secara dskriptif tentang bagaimana meningkatkan hasil pertanian melalui strategi pengembangan tenaga kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 675, "width": 487, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Peserta yang mengikuti selama kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 487, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "naik-turun karena melihat berbagai macam latar belakang mereka yang tentunya tetap bekerja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Namun terlepas dari itu semua, kegiatan pengabdian ini berjalan dengan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 167, "width": 399, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Implikasi Pembangunan Pertanian terhadap Perekonomian Desa Banjarsari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 183, "width": 488, "height": 154, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desa Banjarsari secara geografis terletak di wilayah Kecamatan Cerme, Kabupaten Gresik, dan secara demografi dihuni oleh penduduk yang memiliki penghasilan dari sektor pertanian. Pertanian sawah seperti padi, tebu, jagung, sedangkan pertanian non sawah seperti tambak, budidaya kolam ikan, dan kebun buah-buahan. Namun sektor perikanan masih mendominasi yaitu tambak bandeng dan kolam budidaya udang vanamei . Potensi Desa Banjarsari tersebut sangat memicu peluang perekonomian pedesaan yang berkelanjutan. Hal ini sesuai dengan visi Desa Banjarsari yaitu mewujudkan masyarakat adil dan makmur serta pemerataan pembangunan di segala bidang. Sedangkan misinya adalah meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat desa Banjarsari dalam mengenali, menganalisis, sekaligus mencari pemecahan terhadap masalah-masalah prioritas pembangunan desa Banjarsari, terutama di bidang fisik prasarana ekonomi, sosial dan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 488, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam capaian prioritas pembangunan Desa Banjarsari perlu digalakkan. Salah satunya dengan keberadaan kelembagaan petani yang sudah menjadi keniscayaan untuk memperbaiki taraf hidup, harkat dan martabatnya. Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS, 2019) mencatat, nilai tukar petani (NTP) terus mengalami penurunan dalam tiga bulan pertama tahun 2019. Perinciannya Januari 2019 sebesar 103,33, Februari 2019 senilai 102,94, dan Maret 2019 sebesar 102, 73. NTP adalah angka perbandingan antar Indeks Harga yang Diterima Petani (IT), dengan Indeks Harga yang Dibayar Petani (IB) dan dinyatakan dalam persentase. Bila angka NTP lebih besar dari 100, maka kondisi petani sedang mengalami surplus. Sedangkan bila kurang dari 100 artinya petani mengalami defisit. Fakta tersebut menunjukkan tantangan dan perlunya solusi, salahsatunya kelembagaan petani yang efektif diharapkan mampu memberi kontribusi yang nyata dalam meningkatkan kemandirian dan martabat petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 517, "width": 488, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan petani dilakukan sejalan dengan kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian dengan memotivasi petani Desa Banjarsari untuk berpartisipasi dalam kelembagaan petani. Hal ini menjadi perhatian tim Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Fakultas Ekonomi, Program Studi Manajemen untuk melakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di Desa Banjarsari, Kecamatan Cerme, Kabupaten Gresik. Kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian dirancang dengan memberikan muatan ( content area ) pada penguatan kapasitas individu petani sekaligus penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan petani dengan harapan dapat mendorong pengembangan petani untuk sinergi dalam usaha peningkatan perekonomian desa pada umumnya dan taraf hidup petani pada khususnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal BUDIMAS", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 34, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 02, No. 01, 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 732, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 104, "width": 488, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penguantan kapasistas individu petani dengan meberikan penyuluhan muatan berdasarkan konten area sekaligus akan memberikan penguatan kepada para petani sekaligus memberikan penguatan secara kelembagaan yang pada akhirnya akan bermuara pada peningkatan perekonomian desa secara umum dan peningkatan taraf hidup petani khususnya. Tentunya dengan pemahaman kepemimpinan, spesifikasi nilai-nilai, tujuan, dan metode operasional yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 215, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 246, "width": 487, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Anantayu, S. 2009. Partisipasi Petani dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Kelembagaan Kelompok Petani (Kasus di Provinsi Jawa Tengah). Disertasi pada Institut Pertanian Bogor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 488, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Esman, Milton J. 1986. “Unsur-unsur dari Pembangunan Lembaga” dalam Pembangunan Lembaga dan Pembangunan Nasional : dari Konsep ke Aplikasi. Editor J.W. Eaton. UI Press. Jakarta. Hal 21-46.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 329, "width": 488, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Garkovich, Lorraine E. 1989. “ Local Organizations and Leadership in Community Development” dalam Community Development in Perspective . Editor James A. Christenson dan Jerry W. Robinson, Jr. Iowa State University Press. Iowa. Hal. 196-218.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 381, "width": 486, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Laporan Bulanan Data Sosial Ekonomi November 2018, Badan Pusat Statistik, https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2018/11/06/31bf78988f656dde532a060c/laporan-bulanan- data-sosial-ekonomi-november-2018.html, diakses tanggal 2 Oktober 2019", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 487, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mosher, Arthur T. 1991. Getting Agriculture Moving . Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. Publisher. New York.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 466, "width": 487, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemkab Gresik-Desa Banjarsari. https://gresikkab.go.id/sidesa/desa_banjarsari, diakses pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 502, "width": 487, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengeluaran untuk Konsumsi Penduduk Indonesia Per Provinsi, Maret 2019,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 515, "width": 463, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2019/11/01/250160df893e7a871d705501/pengeluaran-untuk- konsumsi-penduduk-indonesia-per-provinsi--maret-2019.html, diakses tanggal 3 Oktober 2019", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 551, "width": 487, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Soedijanto. 2004. Menata Kembali Penyuluhan Pertanian di era Pembangunan Agribisnis. Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 587, "width": 486, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uphoff, Norman Thomas. 1986. Local Institutional Development : An Analytical Sourcebook With Cases. Kumarian Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 487, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Verhagen, Koenraad. 1996. Pengembangan Keswadayaan : Pengalaman LSM di Tiga Negara. Terjemahan. Puspa Swara. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal MNEMONIC", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 391, "top": 38, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 3, No. 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 75, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SISTEM PENENTUAN MOBIL BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 188, "top": 102, "width": 222, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Studi kasus di showroom Gemilang mobil)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 126, "width": 190, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Achmat Rosidi Saputra 1 , Abdi Pandu Kusuma 2 1,2 Teknik Informatika S1 Universitas Islam Balitar [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 173, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 196, "width": 454, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demi menunjang mobilitas, membeli mobil bekas menjadi pilihan bagi sebagian masyarakat yang memilih untuk mendapatkan mobil dengan harga yang cukup terjangkau, dalam praktiknya beberapa konsumen yang masih awam kurang memperhatikan kriteria dalam memilih mobil bekas. Menurut pemilik showroom Gemilang mobil dalam memilih mobil bekas ada beberapa kriteria utama yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu kelengkapan dokumen, kondisi mesin, kondisi fisik, dan tahun keluaran dari mobil tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 454, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem penentuan mobil bekas menggunakan metode A nalitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) menawarkan sebuah solusi kepada konsumen yang awam dalam memilih mobil bekas dengan cara memberikan informasi mobil yang di rekomendasikan berdasarkan data kriteria kelengkapan dokumen, kondisi mesin, kondisi fisik, dan tahun keluaran dari setiap mobil yang telah diolah oleh sistem yang dibuat dalam bentuk web . Informasi tersebut dapat dijadikan pendukung untuk konsumen dalam memilih mobil bekas yang layak dipilih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 454, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data alternatif mobil yang digunakan sistem ini adalah alternatif mobil yang ada di showroom Gemilang mobil dengan perolehan skor tertinggi sebesar 0,465819 pada alternatif mobil Mobilio. Sistem yang telah dibuat ini dilakukan pengujian menggunakan metode black box untuk menguji fungsi tombol pada setiap menu pada aplikasi dengan perolehan rata-rata persentase 64,6 %, hasil uji user yang telah dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner pada user untuk menguji kelayakan sistem mendapatkan persentase sebesar 77,60%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 380, "width": 252, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Pemilihan mobil bekas, metode AHP, black box.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 414, "width": 211, "height": 251, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Membeli mobil bekas menjadi pilihan bagi sebagian masyarakat yang memilih untuk membeli mobil dengan harga yang cukup terjangkau, atau masyarakat yang memang memilih untuk membeli mobil bekas dengan alasan tertentu. Harga mobil bekas pada umunya mempunyai harga yang lebih murah daripada mobil baru. Ada beberapa jenis mobil yang biasanya ditawarkan di showroom yaitu jenis mobil SUV, MPV, Minibus dan lain-lain. Sistem penentuan mobil bekas dapat membantu showroom Gemilang Mobil tidak hanya untuk pihak showroom tetapi juga dapat membantu pelanggan dalam menentukan pilihan. Bagi pihak showroom kecepatan dalam memberikan informasi dan rekomendasi yang diberikan diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi pelanggan untuk menentukan pilihan dan akan mempengaruhi pelanggan untuk segera membeli mobil pilihannya sehingga memberi keuntungan kepada pemilik showroom . Bagi pelanggan, aplikasi penentuan mobil dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengambil keputusan dalam memilih mobil bekas sesuai kebutuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 667, "width": 211, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Rudy, pemilik showroom menyatakan bahwa ada berbagai merk mobil bekas yang ditawarkan di showroom Gemilang Mobil ini dengan jenis mobil yang kebanyakan adalah jenis M inibus . Dalam memilih mobil bekas, Rudy menjelaskan bahwa ada beberapa pertimbangan dalam pemilihan mobil bekas yaitu dari segi kelengkapan dokumen, kondisi fisik kendaraan, kondisi mesin, dan tahun keluaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 403, "width": 211, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sholihin (2017) tentang sistem pendukung keputusan pembelian mobil bekas menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) menyimpulkan bahwa penelitian tersebut menghasilkan tingkat perhitungan yang kompleks dengan berbagai multi kriteria dan dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu tersebut maka peniliti mengambil referensi untuk melakukan penelitian dengan menerapkan metode AHP dalam sistem penentuan mobil bekas dengan data yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan pihak showroom yang nantinya dijadikan acuan kriteria pemilihan mobil bekas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 564, "width": 210, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dapat memecahkan masalah kompleks , dimana kriteria yang diambil cukup banyak, struktur masalah yang belum jelas, dan ketidakpastian tersedianya data statistik yang akurat.Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) prosesnya dilakukan perbandingan berpasangan antara kriteria dan kriteria serta subkriteria dan subkriteria.Hasil perbandingan berpasangan dibagi dengan jumlah elemen, kemudian diperoleh nilai prioritas dari setiap kriteria dan subkriteria, sehingga nilai yang dihasilkan lebih akurat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 702, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan ulasan diatas, maka permasalahan yang akan diangkat kedalam penelitian berkaitan dengan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan untuk menentukan pilihan mobil bekas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat sebuah keputusan berdasarkan data alternatif yang ada. untuk itu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 381, "top": 775, "width": 137, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Mnemonic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem Penentuan Mobil Bekas Menggunakan Metode AHP", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 38, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdi | Achmat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian yang akan dilakukan ini berjudul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 84, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“SISTEM PENENTUAN MOBIL BEKAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 97, "width": 211, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALITYCAL", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 109, "width": 208, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HIERARCHY PROCESS (Studi kasus di showroom Gemilang mobil) “.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 143, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 155, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pada dasarnya SPK merupakan hasil dari", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 210, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem Informasi Manajemen yang terkomputerisasi yang dikembangkan dan dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga bersifat interaktif dengan tujuan untuk memudahkan integrasi antara beberapa komponen dalam proses pengambilan keputusan seperti prosedur, analisis, kebijakan, pengalaman dan wawasan manajer dalam menentukan keputusan yang lebih baik (Suryadi, 2010) dalam Nurdiyanto (2016). Menurut Kusrini dalam Sasongko (2017), SPK merupakan sistem informasi interaktif yang menyediakan informasi, permodelan, dan pemanipulasian data. Sistem ini digunakan untuk membantu pengambil keputusan dalam situasi semi terstruktur maupun tidak terstruktur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 482, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Arsitektur SPK", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 505, "width": 210, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hermawan dalam Arifin (2015), proses pengambilan keputusan melalui beberapa tahap, antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 540, "width": 203, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tahap penelusuran ( intelegence ), Tahap ini pengambil keputusan mempelajari kenyataan yang terjadi, sehingga didapatkan keluaran berupa dokumen pernyataan masalah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 585, "width": 204, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tahap design, Dalam tahap ini pengambil keputusan menemukan, mengembangkan dan menganalisis semua pemecahan yang mungkin yaitu melalui pembuatan model yang bisa mewakili kondisi nyata masalah. Dari tahapan ini didapatkan keluaran berupa dokumen alternatif solusi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 666, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tahap choice, Dalam tahap ini pengambil keputusan memilih salah satu alternatif pemecahan yang dibuat pada tahap desain yang dipandang sebagai aksi yang paling tepat untuk mengatasi masalah yang sedang dihadapi. Dari", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 74, "width": 189, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahap ini didapatkan dokumen solusi dan rencana implementasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 97, "width": 203, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tahap implementasi, Pengambil keputusan menjalankan rangkaian aksi pemecahan yang dipilih ditahap choice . Implementasi yang sukses ditandai dengan terjawabnya masalah yang dihadapi, sementara kegagalan ditandai masih adanya masalah yang sedang dicoba untuk diatasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 189, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Decision Support System (DSS) dapat memberikan beberapa keuntungan-keuntungan bagi pemakainya. Menurut Andrew dalam Arifin (2015),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 224, "width": 174, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keuntungan-keuntungan tersebut meliputi:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 235, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Memperluas kemampuan pengambil keputusan dalam memproses data/ informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 270, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menghemat waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memcahkan masalah, terutama berbagai masalah yang sangat kompleks.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 304, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Menghasilkan solusi dengan lebih cepat dan hasilnya dapat diandalkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 327, "width": 203, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Mampu memberikan berbagai alternatif dalam pengambilan keputusan, meskipun seandainya DSS tidak mampu memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh pengambil keputusan, namun dapat digunakan sebagai stimulan dalam memahami persoalan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 396, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Memperkuat keyakinan pengambil keputusan terhadap keputusan yang diambilnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 419, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Memberikan keuntungan kompetitif bagi organisasi secara keseluruhan dengan penghematan waktu, tenaga, dan biaya 2.2 Analitycal Hierarchy Process", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 477, "width": 211, "height": 250, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AHP adalah sebuah metode untuk memecahkan suatu permasalahan yang rumit dalam situasi yang tidak terstruktur menjadi bagian-bagian komponen. Mengatur bagian demi bagian menjadi suatu bentuk susunan hierarki, kemudian memberikan suatu nilai numerik untuk penilaian subyektif terhadap kepentingan relatif dari suatu variabel dan mensitesis suatu penilaian untuk variabel mana yang memiliki prioritas tertinggi yang akan memengaruhi penyelesaian dari situasi tersebut. Penerapan AHP dimodelkan dengan hierarki fungsional dimana input utamanya yaitu penilaian dari manusia, hirarki dapat memecah masalah yang kompleks dan tidak terstruktur menjadi kelompok-kelompok. AHP digunakan untuk menciptakan struktirusasi sebuah masalah yang kompleks serta konsekueansi yang dihasilkan dari pembobotan (Saaty, 2012) dalam Hamdhani (2015). Tabel berikut memberikan definisi beserta penjelasan skala kuantitatif dari satu hingga sembilan untuk menilai tingkat kepentingan suatu elemen dengan elemen lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal MNEMONIC", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 391, "top": 38, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 3, No. 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 74, "width": 198, "height": 565, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Skala kuantitatif Intesitas kepentingan Definisi Penjelasan 1 Kedua elemen sama pentingnya Dua elemen mempunyai pengaruh yang sama besar terhadap tujuan 3 Elemen yang satu sedikit lebih penting daripada elemen yang lainnya Pengalaman dan penilaian sedikit menyokong satu elemen dibandingkan dengan elemen yang lainnya 5 Elemen yang satu lebih penting dari elemen yang lainnya Pengalaman dan penilaian sangat kuat menyokong satu elemen dibandingkan dengan elemen yang lainnya 7 Satu elemen sangat penting daripada elemen yang lainnya Satu elemen yang kuat disokong dan terlihat dominan dalam praktek 9 Satu elemen mutlak lebih penting daripada elemen yang lainnya Bukti yang mendukung elemen yang satu terhadap elemen yang lainnya memiliki tingkat penegasan yang paling tinggi yang mungkin menguatkan 2, 4, 6, 8 Nilai-nilai antara dua nilai pertimbangan yang berdekatan Nilai ini diberikan bila ada dua kompromi di antara dua pilihan Kebalikan Jika aktivitas i mendapatkan satu angka dibandingkan dengan aktivitas j, maka j mempunyai nilai kebalikan dengan i", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 654, "width": 133, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 665, "width": 210, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun waktu dan tempat penelitian yang akan dilakukan untuk menerapkan sistem penentuan mobil bekas menggunakan metode analitycal hierarchy process ini yaitu bertempat di showroom mobil Gemilang Mobil yang beralamat di Jl. Tanjung No. 143 Kota Blitar. Tahap pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan pengamatan/ observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 86, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Perancangan sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 97, "width": 66, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1.1 Flowchart", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 367, "top": 341, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. flowchart sistem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 364, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar diatas merupakan flowchart sistem yang akan dibangun dengan penjelasan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 399, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pengguna memasukkan data login kemudian sistem akan memproses untuk validasi data login", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 433, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Jika data login benar maka user dapat melakukan proses selanjutnya yaitu menginputkan kriteria dan alternative", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 468, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kemudian data dan nilai yang telah diinputkan akan diproses dan dihitung dengan menggunakan metode AHP", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 502, "width": 203, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Selanjutnya setelah proses pengolahan nilai dengan metode AHP, hasilnya berupa perangkingan hasil rekomendasi mobil berdasarkan bobot terbesar sampai terkecil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 560, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1.2 Data flow diagram (DFD)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 376, "top": 693, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. DFD level 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 716, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3.2 adalah gambaran alur dari sistem SPK pemilihan mobil bekas. Dimulai dari admin meginputkan data login, data kriteria, data alternatif data pembobotan dan perangkingan. User dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem Penentuan Mobil Bekas Menggunakan Metode AHP", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 38, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdi | Achmat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 210, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melihat dan memilih kategori alternatif mobil dengan nama/kategori dan sistem akan menampilkan info rekomendasi mobil dengan kategori yang dipilih user dalam bentuk rangking berdasar pembobotan yang telah dilakukan oleh sistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 155, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1.3 Penerapan kriteria dan contoh perhitungan menggunakan metode AHP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 210, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria yang digunakan dalam sistem ini nanti terdapat empat kriteria yang digunakan yaitu kriteria kelengkapan dokumen, kondisi mesin, kondisi fisik dan tahun keluaran berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik showroom dengan subkriteria yang akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 140, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kriteria kelengkapan dokumen", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 258, "width": 173, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. kriteria kelengkapan dokumen No Inisial Subkriteria 1 Kd1 Lengkap 2 Kd2 Ada BPKB, tidak ada STNK 3 Kd3 Ada STNK, tidak ada BPKB 4 Kd4 Tidak ada STNK dan BPKB", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 336, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kriteria kondisi mesin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 347, "width": 175, "height": 254, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. kriteria kondisi mesin No Inisial Subkriteria 1 Km1 Baik 2 Km2 Cukup Baik 3 Km3 Buruk 4 Km4 Sangat buruk 3. Kriteria kondisi fisik Tabel 4. kriteria kondisi fisik No Inisial Subkriteria 1 Kf1 Baik 2 Kf2 Cukup Baik 3 Kf3 Buruk 4 Kf4 Sangat Buruk 4. Kriteria tahun keluaran Tabel 5. kriteria tahun keluaran No Inisial Subkriteria 1 Tk1 Tahun 2010-2015 2 Tk2 Tahun 2005-2010 3 Tk3 Tahun 2000-2005 4 Tk4 Tahun 1995-2000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 615, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Data matriks perbandingan berpasangan tiap kriteria", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 650, "width": 198, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. matriks perbandingan berpasangan kriteria Kelengkapan dokumen Kondisi mesin Kondisi fisik Tahun keluaran Kelengkapan dokumen 1,0000 2,0000 3,0000 5,0000 Kondisi mesin 0,5000 1,0000 2,0000 4,0000 Kondisi fisik 0,3333 0,5000 1,0000 2,0000 Tahun keluaran 0,2000 0,2500 0,5000 1,0000 Jumlah 2,0333 3,7500 6,5000 12,0000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Kemudian melakukan normalisasi matriks kriteria perbandingan berpasangan dengan cara membagi tiap nilai elemen dengan jumlah elemen perkolomnya dan menjumlahkan tiap barisnya. Sehingga diperoleh hasil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 327, "top": 143, "width": 187, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. normalisasi matriks perbandingan kriteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 155, "width": 227, "height": 104, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keleng kapan dokum en Kondisi mesin Kondisi fisik Tahun keluaran jumlah Kelengkap an dokumen 0,4918 0,5333 0,4615 0,4167 1,9033 Kondisi mesin 0,2459 0,2667 0,3077 0,3333 1,1536 Kondisi fisik 0,1639 0,1333 0.1538 0,1667 0,6178 Tahun keluaran 0,0984 0,0667 0,0769 0,0833 0,3253", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 274, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Mencari eigen vector dengan cara membagi jumlah tiap baris normalisasi dengan jumlah kriteria, sehingga dihasilkan eigen vector sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 331, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. tabel eigen vector kriteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 344, "width": 149, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eigen vector Kelengkapan dokumen 0,4758 Kondisi mesin 0,2884 Kondisi fisik 0,1544 Tahun keluaran 0,0813", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 426, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Eigen vector tiap sub kriteria kelengkapan dokumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 461, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. eigen vector sub kriteria kelengkapan dokumen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 473, "width": 207, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kd1 Kd2 Kd3 Kd4 jumlah Eigen vector Kd1 0,4800 0,5217 0,4615 0,4 1,8633 0,4658 Kd2 0,2400 0,2609 0,3077 0,3 1,1086 0,2771 Kd3 0,1600 0,1304 0,1538 0,2 0,6443 0,1611 Kd4 0,1200 0,0870 0,0769 0,1 0,3839 0,0960", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 542, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Eigen vector tiap sub kriteria kondisi mesin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 565, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10. eigen vector sub kriteria kondisi mesin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 577, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Km1 Km2 Km3 Km4 jumlah Eigen vector Km1 0,4800 0,5217 0,4615 0,4 1,8633 0,4658 Km2 0,2400 0,2609 0,3077 0,3 1,1086 0,2771 Km3 0,1600 0,1304 0,1538 0,2 0,6443 0,1611 Km4 0,1200 0,0870 0,0769 0,1 0,3839 0,0960", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 646, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Eigen vector tiap sub kriteria kelengkapan dokumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 681, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 11. eigen vector sub kriteria kondisi fisik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 692, "width": 205, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kf1 Kf2 Kf3 Kf4 jumlah Eigen vector Kf1 0,4800 0,5217 0,4615 0,4 1,8633 0,4658 Kf2 0,2400 0,2609 0,3077 0,3 1,1086 0,2771 Kf3 0,1600 0,1304 0,1538 0,2 0,6443 0,1611 Kf4 0,1200 0,0870 0,0769 0,1 0,3839 0,0960", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal MNEMONIC", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 391, "top": 38, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 3, No. 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11. Eigen vector tiap sub kriteria tahun keluaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 12. eigen vector sub kriteria tahun keluaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 109, "width": 228, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tk1 Tk2 Tk3 Tk 4 jumlah Eigen vector Tk1 0,4800 0,5217 0,4615 0,4 1,8633 0,4658 Tk2 0,2400 0,2609 0,3077 0,3 1,1086 0,2771 Tk3 0,1600 0,1304 0,1538 0,2 0,6443 0,1611 Tk4 0,1200 0,0870 0,0769 0,1 0,3839 0,0960", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. Penentuan nilai tiap alternatif di tiap kriteria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 201, "width": 148, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 13. bobot alternatif di tiap kriteria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 210, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif Kelengkapan Dokumen Kondisi Mesin Kondisi Fisik Tahun Keluaran Mobilio 1 Ada BPKB, tidak ada STNK Baik Cukup Baik Tahun 2010- 2015 Mobilio 2 Lengkap Cukup Baik Baik Tahun 2010- 2015 Mobilio 3 Lengkap Buruk Baik Tahun 2010- 2015", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 210, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13. Setelah diketahui nilai tiap alternatif pada tiap kriteria seperti pada tabel 3.12 sebelumnya maka nilai sub kriteria di tiap kriteria pada alternatif diambil dari nilai eigen vector tiap sub kriteria pada tabel 3.8, tabel 3.9, tabel 3.10, tabel 3.11 dengan hasil sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 410, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 14. pembobotan alternatif tiap subkriteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 422, "width": 210, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif Kelengkapan Dokumen Kondisi Mesin Kondisi Fisik Tahun Keluaran Mobilio 1 0,2771 0,4658 0,2771 0,4658 Mobilio 2 0,4658 0,2771 0,4658 0,4658 Mobilio 3 0,4658 0,1611 0,4658 0,4658", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 484, "width": 210, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14. Langkah selanjutnya dapat dilakukan penilaian akhir dengan cara mengalikan nilai alternatif di tiap kriteria dengan eigen vector tiap kriteria pada tabel 3.9 dan dijumlahkan sehingga mendapatkan hasil seperti dibawah ini.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mobilio 1 : (0,2771 * 0,4758) + (0,4658 * 0,2884) + (0,2771 * 0,1544) + (0,4658 * 0,0813) = 0,3496 Mobilio 2 : (0,4658 * 0,4758) + (0,2771 * 0,2884) + (0,4658 * 0,1544) + (0,4658 * 0,0813) = 0,4114", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 599, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mobilio 3 : (0,4658 * 0,4758) + (0,1611 * 0,2884) + (0,4658 * 0,1544) + (0,4658 * 0,0813) = 0,3779", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 633, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15. Dari hasil akhir perhitungan didapat rangking alternatif sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 668, "width": 146, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 15. Hasil perangkingan alternatif Alternatif Nilai Mobilio 2 0,4114 Mobilio 3 0,3779 Mobilio 1 0,3469", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 86, "width": 211, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1 Implementasi Implementasi sistem merupakan tahap dimana sebuah sistem dibuat dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk aplikasi berdasarkan hasil rancangan yang telah dijelaskan pada bab sebelumnya, sehingga sistem siap untuk dioperasikan. Implementasi sistem juga dapat mengetahui apakah suatu sistem yang telah dibuat tersebut dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan tujuan perancangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 329, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. halaman data Kriteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 459, "width": 169, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. halaman rangking alternatif mobil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 481, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4.2 diatas adalah hasil perangkingan dari seluruh alternatif mobil yang diolah sistem. Skor tertinggi dari perangkingan tersebut adalah 0,465819 untuk alternatif mobil Mobilio ag7132rs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 539, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2 Pengujian Black box", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian black box ini menitikberatkan pada fungsi sistem. Penggunaan metode ini berfungsi untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat lunak dapat berfungsi dengan benar atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 364, "top": 608, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 16. Pengujian black box", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 620, "width": 204, "height": 103, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data Uji Butir Uji Jenis Pengujian Sistem Login Verifikasi data Login Black Box Menu tambah kriteria Tambah data kriteria Black Box Menu data subkriteria a. Lihat subkriteria b. Tambah subkriteria c. Simpan subkriteria Black Box Menu tambah mobil Tambah data mobil Black Box", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem Penentuan Mobil Bekas Menggunakan Metode AHP", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 38, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdi | Achmat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 795, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan empat data pengujian pada beberapa menu atau halaman pada sistem dengan menggunakan metode Black Box maka dihasilkan rata-rata kesuksesan dari setiap fungsi-fungsi tombol yang ada pada sistem penentuan ini sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 154, "width": 202, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑢𝑗𝑖 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑜𝑥% = 𝑢𝑗𝑖(𝑖) + 𝑢𝑗𝑖(𝑖) + ⋯ 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑗𝑖 𝑢𝑗𝑖 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑜𝑥 = 50% + 66,7% + 75% + 66,7%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 204, "width": 107, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 𝑢𝑗𝑖 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑜𝑥% = 64,6%", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 238, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian black box diatas menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dibuat sudah layak digunakan dengan nilai kesuksesan dari setiap fungsi tombol sebesar 64,6%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 295, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.3 Hasil pengujian user", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 307, "width": 210, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian user dilakukan dengan cara memberikan kuesioner kepada 7 user yang telah menggunakan sistem yang sudah dibuat untuk mengetahui apakah sistem tersebut sudah layak digunakan. Rata rata persentase dari pengujian user tersebut didapatkan nilai sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙 𝑢𝑗𝑖 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 182, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= 80,03% + 73,63% + 72,07% + 83,3% + 80,03% + 70,53% + 83,3%", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 97, "top": 421, "width": 157, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙 𝑢𝑗𝑖 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 542,89% 7 = 77,60%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 211, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat diketahui bahwa nilai rata-rata persentase kuesioner pengujian user adalah 77,60%, yang artinya user setuju dengan sistem yang telah dibuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 512, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 523, "width": 210, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5.1 Kesimpulan Dari hasil rancang bangun dan pengujian sistem yang telah dibuat penulis dapat mengambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 569, "width": 204, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Sistem penentuan mobil bekas menggunakan metode analitycal hierarchy process studi kasus showroom gemilang mobil dibuat berbasis web dan dirancang untuk melakukan perekomendasian atau perangkingan mobil bekas khususnya yang ada di showroom Gemilang mobil tersebut. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam sistem ini adalah kriteria kelengkapan dokumen kendaraan, kondisi mesin, kondisi fisik, dan tahun keluaran. Isian kriteria tersebut berdasarkan dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik showroom . Hasil skor tertinggi setelah dilakukan pembobotan dan perangkingan pada data alternatif yaitu 0,465819 untuk alternatif mobil Mobilio.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 74, "width": 203, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sistem pemilihan mobil bekas menggunakan metode analitycal hierarchy process yang telah dibuat kemudian dilakukan pengujian sistem menggunakan metode black box pada beberapa menu atau halaman pada sistem dengan hasil rata-rata kesuksesan dari setiap fungsi-fungsi tombol yang ada sebesar 64,6 %, dan hasil pengujian user memperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar 77,60%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 189, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5.2 Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 201, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem penentuan mobil bekas menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) yang sudah dibuat ini tentu masih terdapat kekurangan didalam sistemnya, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukannya pengembangan sistem yang lebih baik lagi antara lain sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 270, "width": 203, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Penentuan kriteria pemilihan alternatif mobil disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi di tempat penelitian sehingga aspek kriteria yang digunakan lebih bervariatif dan lebih baik lagi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 316, "width": 203, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Aspek subkriteria bisa kembangkan lagi sesuai kebutuhan pada setiap kriterianya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 350, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 362, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Arifin , Bustanul., 2015. Sistem pendukung keputusan rekomendasi pemilihan mobil bekas menggunkan metode TOPSIS , Tugas Akhir, Jurusan Teknik Informatika, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 419, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Hamdhani, R. S dan Radian Victor Imbar., 2015. Sistem Informasi Pemilihan Mobil Bekas Menggunakan Decision Support System Analitycal Hierarchy Process pada Showroom Yokima Motor Bandung Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi, Vol.1, No.2. Agustus 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 500, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Nurdiyanto, H dan Heryanita Meilia. 2016. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Prioritas Pengembangan Industri Kecil Dan Menengah Di Lampung Tengah Menggunakan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia, Vol. 4, No. 1 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 580, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Saaty .T. L dan L. G. Vargas. 2012., Models, Methods, Concept & Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: Springer.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 626, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Sasongko, Aji. Indah Fitri A. Dan Septya M., 2017. Pemilihan Karyawan Baru Dengan Metode AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Process). Jurnal Informatika Mulawarman, Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 684, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Sholihin , I, M., 2017. Sistem pendukung keputusan pembelian mobil bekas menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) (studi kasus: slamet jaya mobil jember) , Tugas Akhir, Program studi sistem informasi, Universitas Jember, Jember.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 781, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 779, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 85, "width": 420, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERSEPSI PETANI PADI SAWAH TERHADAP PROGRAM PENCETAKAN LAHAN SAWAH DI DESA SINGKEP KEC. MUARA SABAK BARAT KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 124, "width": 216, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Candro Manalu 1) , Idris Sardi 2) dan Elwamendri 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 151, "width": 325, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Alumni Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi 2) Dosen Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 218, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 454, "height": 257, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi petani padi sawah terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah di Desa Kampung Singkep Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kampung Singkep dengan pertimbangan bahwa di desa ini terjadi penurunan lahan sawah karna terjadi konversi lahan sawah menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit dan desa ini merupakan salah satu desa yang mengikuti program pencetakan lahan sawah. Untuk mengetahui persepsi petani padi sawah terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah di Desa Kampung Singkep Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur digunakan analisis kualitatif, penarikan sampel menggunakan metode sensus, dan metode analisis data menggunakan sistem tabulasi, kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek ekonomi dipandang petani positif dari indikator distribusi pemasaran hasil panen, membantu modal mencetak sawah, menambah penghasilan, dan menguntungkan petani. Program pencetakan lahan sawah dipandang menjamin kehidupan petani dari indikator aman memenuhi kebutuhan pangan sehari-hari, nyaman dalam melengkapi alsintan dalam berusahatani, mutu beras yang dikonsumsi lebih baik, meningkatkan taraf hidup, meningkatkan rasa percaya diri. Program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek sosial dipandang menciptakan dinamika kelompok tani hingga mencapai terminologi yang baik untuk petani. Program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek teknis dipandang meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petani dalam berusahatani tanaman padi. Kata Kunci : Petani, Persepsi, Program Pencetakan Sawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 503, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 518, "width": 454, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this research is to describe the perception of rice farmers to wetland printing program at Kampung Singkep’ village in Muara Sabak Barat, District of Tanjung Jabung Timur. This research was conducted at singkep’ village with consideration that in this village was happened a decreasing of wetland because of wetland conversion to oil palm plantations and this village is one of the villages wetland printing program. To determine the perception of rice farmers in wetland printing program at Singkep’ village in Muara Sabak Barat, District of Tanjung Jabung Timur the reseacher was used a qualitative analysis, recall sampling is using census methods, and methods of data analysis is using tabulation system, and then presented in the form of a percentage. The result showed that wetland printing program of farmers deemed positive economic aspects of marketing distribution indicator yields, helping capital printing fields, increase revenue, and profitable for farmers. Wetland printing program regarded to ensure of farmers safe life of the indicators needs of food in daily, comfortable in completing agricultural machinery in farming, the quality of rice consumed better, improving standards living, improve self-esteem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 692, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wetland printing program of the social aspect is viewed as creating dynamic in farmer groups to achieve a better of terminology for farmers. Wetland printing program of technical aspects seen increasing farmers' knowledge and skills in farming rice plants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 279, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Farmers, Perception, to made Rice Field Program", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 781, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 276, "top": 97, "width": 72, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 124, "width": 454, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia memiliki ekosistem dan sumber daya hayati yang beragam. Lahan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengembangkan pertanian semakin luas. Hal ini merupakan modal dasar dalam penyediaan bahan pangan kedepan (Adnyana, 2006). Saat ini kondisi lahan persawahan sangat mengkhawatirkan karena terus dikonversi atau beralih fungsi menjadi lahan perkebunan, permukiman, perdagangan, industri. Sementara itu isu ketahanan pangan Nasional semakin goyah atau tidak stabil. Menurut Patrick Webb dan Beatrice Rogers dalam Hanani (2009), ketahanan pangan terdiri dari tiga subsistem utama yaitu ketersediaan, akses dan penyerapan pangan, sedangkan status gizi merupakan outcome dari ketahanan pangan. Ketersediaan pangan merupakan kondisi tersedianya pangan di tingkat kapita yang bersumber dari produksi pangan secara lokal, cadangan pangan, dan bahkan apabila kedua sumber tidak mampu mencukupi dapat ditambah memalui impor maupun bantuan pangan dari negara lain. Produksi pangan secara lokal dan cadangan pangan sangat bergantung pada produksi dan produkstivitas lahan. Semakin tinggi produksi pangan lokal suatu daerah maka ketersediaan pangan lebih mungkin meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 298, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Provinsi Jambi memiliki fenomena yang menarik untuk di amati yaitu terlihat penurunan luas baku lahan sawah yang bertahap sejak tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2011 yaitu luas bahan baku sawah provinsi Jambi sebesar 191.774 ha menurun menjadi 166.645 ha. Pada tahun 2012 Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur merupakan kabupaten dengan luas baku lahan sawah yang terluas dibandingkan kabupaten lainnya diprovinsi Jambi yaitu sebesar 41.488 ha. Namun hal tersebut sudah terjadi penurunan sejak 2008 (64.078) ha (BPS Provinsi Jambi, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 454, "height": 188, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di desa kampung singkep terdapat gambaran sosial yang menarik untuk di amati. Berdasarkan hasil survei di peroleh informasi dari PPL bahwa dalam banyak Petani yang membuka lahan tidur untuk dijadikan parcetakan sawah. Pencetakan sawah merupakan suatu langkah positif dalam menjaga persediaan pangan maupun dapat mencegah kelangkaan pagan atau krisis pangan. Mengingat dewasa ini sedang maraknya Petani melakukan alih fungsi lahan pangan menjadi lahan perkebunan. Beberapa Petani mengatakan bahwa hasil produksi padi sawah dari hasil panen tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga sampai panen berikutnya, sehingga hal tersebut mendorong Petani merefungsi lahan tidur menjadi lahan perkebunan yang hasil produksinya dianggap dapat mencukupi kebutuhan hidup. Beberapa petani mengatakan bahwa produksi padi belum sesuai harapan dengan kata lain ada kesenjangan antara kebutuhan dengan produksi. Sementara itu, ketika pemerintah menggerakkan Program pencetakan lahan sawah ada juga petani yang mengikuti program pencetakan lahan sawah. Tujuan penelitian adalah Untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi petani padi sawah terhadap program pencetakan padi sawah di Desa Kampung Singkep Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 264, "top": 594, "width": 96, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 621, "width": 454, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Kampung Singkep Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Objek penelitian ini adalah petani yang mengusahakan usaha tani padi sawah dan bergabung dalam kelompok tani sebagai pelaksana program pencetakan lahan sawah. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat persepsi petani dalam melaksanakan program pencetakan lahan sawah padi sawah di Desa Kampung Singkep Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Penelitian ini akan diaksanaan pada Oktober 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer melalui wawancara secara langsung dengan petani responden dipandu dengan daftar pertanyaan atau kuisioner yang telah disiapkan terlebih dahulu. Sedangkan data skunder diperoleh dari berbagai literatur, laporan penelitian, serta laporan dari dinas atau instansi yang berhubungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 779, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 454, "height": 202, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan penelitian ini. Populasi kelompok tani Junika Hasnisar 22 orang dan anggota kelompok tani sumber makmur 17 orang, sehingga jumlah sampel populasi adalah 39 orang, Metode penarikan sampel menggunakan metode sensus. Analisis data dalam penelitian kualitaif dilakukan sejak sebelum memasuki lapangan, selama dilapangan, dan setelah selesai di lapangan. Reduksi data merupakan bentuk analisis yang menajamkan, menggolongkan, mengarahkan, membuang yang tidak perlu dan mengorganisaikan data dengan cara sedemikian sehingga data yang disuguhkan memiliki arti. Mereduksi data berarti merangkum, memilih hal-hal yang pokok, menfokuskan pada hal-hal yang penting, dicari team dan polanya. Penyajian data merupakan sekumpulan informasi tersusun yang memberi kemungkinan adanya penarikan kesimpulan dan penarikan tindakan. Kesimpulan diverifikasi selama penelitian berlangsung dengan cara memikir ulang selama penulisan, tinjauan ulang pada catatan lapangan, peninjauan kembali atau tukar pikiran antar teman sejawat untuk mengembangkan “ kesepakatan intersubjektif ”, dan upaya-upaya yang luas untuk menempatkan salinan suatu temuan dalam seperangkat data yang lain. Ketiga kegiatan analisis (reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan) dilakukan merupakan proses siklus dan interaktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 286, "width": 454, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya data disunting, untuk menentukan kelengkapan data dan keabsahan data dicek ulang dengan membandingkan antar data. Seluruh data primer dan sekunder ditelaah. Baru kemudian data dalam unit analisis yang sama dipisah lagi menurut konsep-konsep penting yang dijadikan dasar untuk menyederhanakan gambaran himpunan dan disajikan dalam bentuk persentase yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan konsepsi pengukuran kemudian diberi penjelasan berdasarkan data dilapangan. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengkaji “Persepsi Petani Padi Sawah Terhadap Program Pencetakan Sawah Didesa Kampung Singkep Kec.Muara Sabak Barat Kab.Tanjung Jabung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 285, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Karakteristik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 453, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umur Umur mempunyai peranan bagi seorang petani, yang mana tingkat umur mempengaruhi pola pikir petani, semakin tinggi tingkat umur maka akan semakin matang pula cara berfikirnya serta semakin banyak pengalaman dan pengetahuan yang didapat. Umur juga memegang peranan penting dalam proses penyampaian informasi dan inovasi baru kepada petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 501, "width": 454, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umur petani berpengaruh pada kemampuan fisik petani dalam budidaya kelapa sawit, yang mana semakin tinggi umur petani maka tingkat kemampuan petani dalam bekerja semakin menurun. Selain itu tingkat umur juga mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan, semakin tinggi tingkat umur petani maka semakin lambat jika dibandingkan dengan petani yang masih muda. Choodhri dalam Soekartawi (1988) mengatakan bahwa semakin muda umur petani biasanya mempunyai semangat untuk ingin tahu tentang sesuatu inovasi cenderung lebih tinggi, umur produktif petani yaitu 15-45 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 454, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Distribusi Frekuensi Petani Responden Berdasarkan Umur Petani Pada Kelompok Tani Junika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 331, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasnizar dan Sumber Makmur Tingkat Umur Frekuensi Persentase (%) < 15 - - 15 – 45 26 74,3 > 45 13 25,7 Jumlah 39 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 781, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 454, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 menjelaskan bahwa persentase umur petani terbanyak di Daerah penelitian adalah 15-45 yaitu sebesar 74,3% dengan demikian petani responden di daerah penelitian masih tergolong petani produktif. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa petani mampu bekerja secara optimal dan keinginan petani untuk mencari informasi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian masih tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 165, "width": 83, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan hal yang mendasar dasar dalam menentukan pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Pendidikan penting bagi petani dalam upaya menciptakan keterampilan dalam usaha tani yang baik dengan produksi yang maksimal guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari petani. Pendidikan yang dilalui petani dapat berupa pendidikan formal (SD, SMP, SMA, dan Perguruan Tinggi) dan pendidikan non formal yang biasanya berupa pelatihan, kursus, dan kegiatan penyuluhan. Pendidikan yang dimaksudkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendidikan formal yang di lalui petani. Pendidikan dinilai sebagai sarana dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan petani dalam mengadopsi informasi dan inovasi baru dari petugas penyuluh pertanian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 286, "width": 453, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Choodhri dalam soekartawi (1988), mengasumsikan bahwa pendidikan merupakan sarana belajar dimana selanjutnya diperkirakan akan menanamkan pengertian sikap yang menguntungkan menuju penggunaan praktek pertanian yang lebih modern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tigkat pendidikan petani responden di daerah penelitian mulai dari SD, SMP, SMA, dan Perguruan Tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 453, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Distribusi Frekuensi dan Persentase Pendidikan Petani pada Kelompok Tani Junika Hasnizar dan Sumber Makmur No Tingkat Pendidikan Frekuensi Persentase (%) 1 Tidak Sekolah - - 2 SD 3 7,6 3 SMP 15 38,4 4 SMA 21 54 5 Perguruan Tinggi - - Jumlah 38 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 514, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 2 tersebut menjelaskan bahwa pendidikan tertinggi petani adalah SMA dengan jumlah frekuensi sebanyak 21 orang atau 54%, sedangkan yang berpendidikan standar SMP yaitu sebanyak 15 orang atau 38,4% dan sisanya sebanyak 7 orang masih berpendidikan rendah yaitu setingkat SD. Tingkat pendidikan ini mempengaruhi tingkat adopsi informasi dan inovasi baru yang disampaikan oleh petugas penyuluh pertanian, dimana petani dengan pendidikan yang lebih rendah cenderung sulit untuk melaksanakan adopsi dengan cepat (Soekartawi, 1988).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 331, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persepsi Petani Padi Sawah Terhadap Program Pencetakan Lahan Sawah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 454, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Agus (2013) persepsi merupakan pemaknaan proses stimulus. Sebagai salah satu proses, persepsi selalu mensyaratkan objek. Jika stimulusnya berupa benda di sebut objek perception dan stimulus berupa manusia disebut social perception . Sedangkan Scheerer (1954) dalam Sarlito (2002) menjelaskan bahwa persepsi adalah reppresentasi fenomenal tentang objek distal sebagai hasil perorganisasian objek itu sendiri. Dari dua pengertian tentang persepsi kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa bahwa persepsi merupakan pandangan selintas terhadap suatu objek baik objek perception maupun sosial perception atas pengaruh kognitifnya seperti pengalaman maupun pengetahuan. Misalnya pada waktu seorang melihat sebuah gambar, membaca tulisan, atau mendengar suara tertentu akan melakukan interprestasi berdasarkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya dan relevan dengan hal-hal itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 779, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 454, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti menurut Budiman Ahmad, dkk. (2010) Mayoritas petani di Ciamis mempunyai persepsi positif terhadap manfaat dan cara pengelolaan hutan sehingga berkontribusi besar pada kelestarian hutan dan pendapatan petani persepsi positif petani tersebut selayaknya disikapi secara positif pula oleh pemerintah daerahmelalui penyediaan bibit unggul yang tahan terhadap penyakit karat tumor dan peraturan perudangan yang bersifat mendorong usaha di bidang hutan rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 454, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dan menurut Cepriadi dan Roza Yulida (2012) persepsi petani di Kecamatan Kerinci terhadap program pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan sangat baik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan jumlah skor yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 1.381. Dilihat dari keuntungan relatif menurut anggota KWT usaha tani ini sangat menguntungkan baik dalam segi konsumsi maupun dari segi ekonomi. Petani juga berpendapat bahwa usahatani ini cukup sesuai untuk dibudidayakan di lahan mereka hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil produksi mereka yang cukup baik, tingkat kerumitan yang dirasakan oleh petani juga tidak mengalami kerumitan karena reponden sebagian besar menyatakan sangat mudah dalam melaksanakan usahatani lahan pekarangan ini karena selain diberikan penyuluhan petani juga mempunyai pengalaman usaha tani sebelum mengikuti program pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 273, "width": 454, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini persepsi petani padi sawah terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah ditinjau dari beberapa aspek yang meliputi (a). Aspek Ekonomi dalam penelitian ini merupakan Proses usaha manusia guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang tidak terbatas, (b). Aspek jaminan hidup dalam penelitian ini merupakan kondisi dimana petani merasa nyaman dan aman pada kehidupannya, hal ini dapat dicapai ketika kebutuhan dasar petani tercukupi dan merasa nyaman pada lingkungan hidupnya, (c). Aspek Sosial dalam merupakan interaksi petani pada kelompok tani yang mengandung nilai-nilai kebersamaan, (d). Aspek teknis dalam penelitian ini merupakan proses usaha tani padi yang berlangsung pada kegiatan program pencetakan lahan sawah di lokasi penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 420, "width": 454, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manusia adalah makhluk tidak pernah puas, sehingga manusia selalu melakukan usaha-usaha guna memenuhi kebutuhan yang tidak terbatas. Petani sebagai manusia sekaligus petani sampel dalam penelitian ini juga melakukan usaha-usaha dalam pemenuhan kebutuhannya. Kemudian menurut Mosher (1965) dalam Van Den Ban agar dapat berproduksi lebih banyak, petani harus lebih banyak mengeluarkan uang untuk bibit unggul, obat-obat pemberantas hama pupuk dan alat-alat. Pengeluaran-pengeluaran seperti itu harus dibiayai dari tabungan atau dengan meminjam untuk jangka waktu antara pada saat sarana produksi dibeli hingga hasil panen dapat dijual. Wayan Gede Supartha dalam Danang (2013) mengungkapkan dalam prosesnya ada beberapa faktor seperti produktivitas secara teknis kualitatif mengandung cara atau metode dimana terdiri dari banyak material hasil dari proses prokdusi, kemudian menurut William J Stanton dalam danang (2013) pemasaran adalah keseluruhan intern yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan-kegiatan usaha yang bertujuan untuk merencanakan, menentukan harga, mempromosikan dan mendistribusikan barang dan jasa yang akan memuaskan dan modal produksi berfungsi sebagai faktor pelancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 595, "width": 454, "height": 68, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hal ini petani melakukan kegiatan ekonomi dalam usaha tani padi seperti konsumsi, produksi dan distiribusi. Petani berharap dengan melakukan kegiatan ekonomi dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya, terlebih dalam usaha tani padi petani dibantu oleh program pencetakan lahan sawah. Untuk melihat tingkat persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi dapat dijelaskan pada Tabel 3 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 781, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 389, "height": 151, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3 . Persepsi Petani ditinjau dari Aspek Ekonomi No Indikator Frekuensi Persentase(%) Ya Tidak Ya Tidak 1 Hasil Produksi Meningkat 7 32 18 82 2 Pemasaran Hasil Panen Lancar 28 11 72 28 3 Modal Petani Dalam Mencetak Sawah Dapat Terpenuhi 39 0 100 0 4 Menambah Penghasilan 21 18 54 46 5 Menguntungkan Petani 35 4 90 10 Rata-Rata 26 13 67 33", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 251, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 menjelaskan bahwa secara keseluruhan persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek ekonomi dapat dikatagorikan positif karna dengan total 39 petani sampel pada 5 indikator aspek ekonomi, terdapat rata-rata 26 orang petani sampel atau 67% yang menukjukkan persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah adalah positif, dan 13 orang petani sampel atau 33% yang menunjukkan persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek ekonomi adalah negatif. Jika diteliti secara detail pada masing-masing indikator, petani belum merasa puas pada hasil panen, karna terdapat kendala seperti hama burung dan tanggul yang jebol pada kelompok tani sumber makmur. Namun dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani merasa distribusi hasil produksi padi petani bisa tersalurkan pada Koperasi yang dibina oleh Dinas Pertanian siap menampung hasil produksi petani dengan harga Rp.6800/kg dalam bentuk beras.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 399, "width": 454, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani berpandangan bahwa modal cukup besar yang seharusnya dikeluarkan petani dalam mencetak sawah terbantu oleh Pemerintah, Begitu pula selanjutnya dengan adanya program pencetakkan lahan sawah petani berpandangan bahwa kebutuhan petani seperti bibit, pupuk, alat dan obat pengendali gulma, alat dan obat pengendali hama juga terfasilitasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 466, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani ada petani yang berpandangan mendapatkan tambahan penghasilan dan ada juga yang berpandangan tidak menambah penghasilan, dengan perbandingan persentase yang berbeda sedikit sehingga dapat dilihat alasannya pada pembahasan aspek jaminan hidup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 520, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Petani berpandangan bahwa petani diuntungkan oleh program pencetakan lahan Sawah ini dikarnakan dibantu dalam mencetak sawah, penyediaan alat dan bahan, bibit, pupuk, racun gulma dan hama. Walaupun ada beberapa indikator yang menyatakan negatif dan diterangkan pada pembahasan aspek selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 587, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Jaminan Hidup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 600, "width": 454, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut danang (2013) aspek Jaminan hidup merupakan kebutuhan rasa aman yang meliputi perlindundan akan kegiatan usaha, jaminan keberlangsungan usaha, jaminan hari tua untuk pribadi dan keluarga. Yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana persepsi petani padi sawah terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah, apakah dapat menjamin kehidupannya atau tidak. Untuk melihat tingkat persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah ditinjau dari aspek jaminan hidup dapat dijelaskan pada Tabel 4 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 779, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Petani Ditinjau Dari Aspek Jaminan Hidup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 100, "width": 379, "height": 139, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Indikator Frekuensi Persentase Ya Tidak Ya Tidak 1 Aman Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Pangan Sehari-Hari 39 0 100 0 2 Nyaman Dalam Berusaha Tani 39 0 100 0 3 Mutu Beras Yang Dikonsumsi Lebih Baik 30 9 77 23 4 Meningkatkan Taraf Hidup 39 0 100 0 5 Meningkatkan Rasa Percaya Diri 30 9 77 23 Rata-Rata 35 4 90 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 254, "width": 454, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4 menjelaskan bahwa program pencetakan lahan sawah bisa menjamin kehidupan petani, karena dengan total 39 petani sampel pada 5 indikator aspek jaminan hidup, terdapat rata- rata 35 orang petani sampel atau 90% menukjukkan dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani merasa terjamin kehidupannya, dan 4 orang petani sampel atau 10% menunjukkan dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani tidak menjamin kehidupan petani. Jika diteliti secara detail pada masing-masing indikator, dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani merasa yakin kebutuhan pangan keluarga terpenuhi setidak-tidaknya hasil dari produksi usaha tani padi dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pangan keluarga hingga panen berikutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani merasa nyaman karena petani hanya berpikir mengeluarkan modal tenaga untuk berusaha tani padi sawah petani karena alat dan sarana dalam usaha tani padi terfasilitasi oleh program pencetakan lahan sawah. Selain nyaman kebutuhan pangan terpenuhi dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah mutu beras yang akan petani masak menjadi nasi lebih sehat karna tidak memakai pewarna dan pengawet seperti beras yang di beli di toko.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 454, "height": 121, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Memang sebagian besar Petani belum berpikir untuk menjual hasil panen dalam artian belum mendapat tambahan penghasilan hal ini disebabkan hasil produksi yang belum maksimal namun petani merasa terjamin kehidupannya ketika memiliki stok beras di rumahnya karna dapat dibarter atau ditukar dengan barang lain dengan cepat dan mudah. Contohnya ketika petani kekurangan gula, kopi, atau ikan petani dapat bertukar sesama tetangga dengan cepat, karna beras merupakan makanan pokok masyarakat sehingga petani dapat menambah penghasilan lebih melalui sektor lain seperti menanam palawija, sayuran, dan buah-buahan. Sehingga dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani percaya diri untuk melanjutkan usaha tani padi sawah karna yakin aman dan nyaman dalam proses program pencetakan lahan sawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 576, "width": 454, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Sosial Menurut Horton dan C. Hunt dalam Soekanto (1990) masyarakat merupakan kumpulan manusia yang relatif mandiri, hidup bersama-sama dalam waktu yang cukup lama, tinggal di suatu wilayah tertentu, mempunyai kebudayaan sama serta melakukan sebagian besar kegiatan di dalam kelompok/kumpulan manusia tersebut begitu pula petani merupakan mahluk hidup yang tidak bisa hidup sendirian, dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan produktifitas usaha padi sawah petani perlu melakukan hubungan yang baik antar petani dan Pemerintah guna mendapatkan informasi dan berkerja sama dalam suatu rantai yang saling berkaiatan. Jadi yang dimadsudkan aspek sosial pada penelitian ini adalah apakah dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah ini petani merasa keadaan sosial didalam kelompok menjadi baik atau tidak. Untuk melihat tingkat persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah ditinjau dari aspek sosial dapat dijelaskan pada Tabel 5 berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 781, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 220, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Persepsi petani ditinjau dari Aspek Sosial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 101, "width": 384, "height": 149, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Indikator Frekuensi Persentase Ya Tidak Ya Tidak 1 Memudahkan Komunikasi Petani Dengan Dinas Pertanian 31 8 79 21 2 Meningkatkan Rasa Kebersamaan 39 0 100 0 3 Meningkatkan Rasa Kekompakan 36 3 92 8 4 Media Mendapatkan Informasi-Inforamasi Pertanian 39 0 100 0 5 Meningkatkan Interaksi Didalam Kelompok Tani 39 0 100 0 Rata-Rata 37 2 94 6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 265, "width": 454, "height": 175, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 menjelaskan bahwa secara keseluruhan persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek sosial dapat dikatagorikan positif karna dengan total 39 petani sampel pada 5 indikator aspek sosial, terdapat rata-rata 37 orang petani sampel atau 94% menukjukkan persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah adalah positif, dan 2 orang petani sampel atau 6% menunjukkan persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah adalah negatif. Jika diteliti secara detail pada masing-masing indikator, petani berpandangan bahwa program pencetakan lahan sawah memudahkan komunikasi anggota kelompok tani dengan Dinas Pertanian, karna dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah rasa kebersamaan anggota kelompok meningkat. Hal ini karna anggota kelompok tani sering bersama dalam satu forum diskusi. Petani berpandangan dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani menjadi semakin kompak, seperti contoh kekekompakan petani, PPL, dan Dinas Pertanian bersama-sama berdiskusi dan mencari solusi yang bijak terkait masalah sengketa lahan petani yang diklaim oleh PT. Menderang Plasma Karpusa (PT. MPK) berada dalam kawasan PT tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 60, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Teknis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 466, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Danang (2013) aspek teknis mengacu pada pengetahun dan keterampilan seseorang dalam suatu proses, hal yang sangat penting karna berkaitan langsung dengan kegiatan yang ada pada program pencetakan lahan sawah yang sesuai Sesuai pada Pedoman Teknis Cetak Sawah (2013) untuk menghatarkan petani agar bisa segera mengelola usahataninya perlu didukung dengan berbagai prasarana dan sarana budidaya padi sawah. Alokasi anggaran untuk kegiatan pemanfaatan sawah baru menjadi satu kesatuan dengan kegiatan konstruksi perluasan sawah. Dari anggaran saprotan yang tersedia diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengadaan alat mesin pertanian (Alsintan) seperti hand traktor, sedangkan untuk benih, pupuk, pestisida dan lain sebagainya diharapkan dari swadaya masyarakat atau sumber pembiayaan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 587, "width": 453, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk melihat tingkat persepsi petani terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah ditinjau dari aspek Teknis dapat dijelakan pada Tabel 6 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 779, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 223, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Persepsi petani ditinjau dari Aspek Teknis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 99, "width": 388, "height": 326, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Indikator Frekuensi Persentase Ya Tidak Ya Tidak 1 Memudahkan Memperoleh Benih Unggul 33 6 85 15 2 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Pengolahan Tanah 11 28 28 72 3 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Membuat Lahan Persemaian 39 0 100 0 4 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Pemindahan Bibit Dari Lahan Persemaian 39 0 100 0 5 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Penanaman Padi 39 0 100 0 6 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Pemupukan 39 0 100 0 7 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Pengairan 39 0 100 0 8 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Penanggulangan Hama Penyakit 6 33 15 85 9 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Penanggulangan Gulma 8 31 21 79 10 Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Cara Panen Dan Pasca Panen 39 0 100 0 Rata-Rata 28 11 72 28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 439, "width": 453, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Tabel 6 menjelaskan bahwa petani berpandangan bahwa program pencetakan lahan sawah terealisasi dengan baik, karena dengan total 39 petani sampel pada 10 indikator aspek Teknis usaha tani padi sawah, terdapat rata-rata 28 orang petani sampel atau 72% yang menukjukkan program pencetakan lahan sawah meningkatkan dan memudahkan usaha tani padi sawah, dan 11 orang petani sampel atau 28% menunjukkan program pencetakan lahan sawah tidak meningkatkan dan memudahkan usaha tani padi sawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 520, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika diteliti secara detail pada masing-masing indikator dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani jadi mudah memperoleh benih unggul dengan ciri-ciri : 1) Dapat menyesuaikan diri/adaptasi terhadap iklim dan jenis tanah setempat 2) Citarasanya disenangi dan memiliki harga yang tinggi dipasar lokal 3) Daya hasil tinggi 4) Toleran terhadap hama penyakit 5) Tahan rebah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 574, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun pengelolaan tanah, cara membajak, meratakan, menggaru lahan serta perbandingan air dan lumpur pada lahan yang terdapat pada program pencetakan lahan sawah petani berpadangan negatif karna sekarang lahan masih berbentuk ladang menurut petani. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk meyewa alat berat yang digunakan untuk membolak-balikkan tanah seluas 74 ha menghabiskan biaya yang tidak sedikit jadi pengolahan lahan kedepannya adalah secara manual oleh petani agar menjadi lahan sawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 454, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan bantuan pemerintah sebesar Rp 10.000.000/ha lahan milik petani yang terkumpul pada bendahara kelompok, untuk kontruksi petani menyewa alat berat untuk pembuatan tanggul, saluran irigasi dan jalan usaha tani (JUT) dan pada kelompok tani Sumber makmur terkendala karena tanggul yang di buat petani tidak cukup kuat menahan air dari sungai cambang sehingga sebagian lahan terkena banjir. Namun untuk pencegahan kedepannya petani, PPL, dan Dinas Pertanian Tanjung Jabung Timur telah melakukan diskusi untuk memperbaiki drainase dengan ketentuan pada tahun 2015 petani menambah lahan untuk program pencetakan lahan sawah sebanyak 13 ha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 781, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 454, "height": 67, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang cara membuat lahan persemaian yang baik dengan syarat persemaian tidak boleh tergenang tetapi cukup basah. Persemaian seharusnya terletak pada tempat yang aman dari serangan tikus, mudah dikontrol dan jauh dari sumber cahaya di malam hari agar terhindar dari serangan hama. Luas persemaian adalah 4% dari luas pertanaman (250 m2/Ha lahan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 454, "height": 68, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang cara menanam bibit yang baik yaitu per rumpun dengan jumlah yang lebih sedikit yaitu jumlah bibit yang ditanam tidak lebih dari 3 bibit per rumpun. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar bibit dapat tumbuh dan berkembang lebih baik, perakaran lebih intensif, anakan lebih banyak dan menghindari tingginya kompetisi antar bibit per tanaman dalam satu rumpun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 454, "height": 121, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang jarak tanam bibit efektif yang dianjurkan 25 x 25 cm atau 20 x20 cm. Selain itu, petani dapat melakukan pola tanam padi serempak dengan pola tanam yang teratur dan waktu tanam serempak (tidak lebih dari 2 minggu). Kemudian dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah Meningkatkan pengetahun petani tentang dosis N, P dan K yang dianjurkan yaitu dosis urea yang diberikan 150 Kg/Ha dengan 2 kali aplikasi. Pupuk P dan K diberikan pada umur 7-10 Hari Setelah Tanam (HTS) masing dosis SP36 100 Kg/Ha dan KCL 100 Kg/Ha. Dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang cara pembuatan tanggul dan saluran irigasi yang baik, walaupun untuk saat ini lahan masih belum berbentuk sawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 340, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun penanggulan hama pada program pencetakan lahan sawah petani berpandangan negatif karena pada kelompok tani Junika Hasnizar maupun Sumber Makmur masih kesulitan dengan hama burung ketika panen. Dan pada penanggulan gulma petani masih kesulitan dengan tunggul yang masih tersisa pada lahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 394, "width": 453, "height": 67, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan adanya program pencetakan lahan sawah petani mengetahui manfaat panen secara berkelompok. Panen padi dengan sistem kelompok dapat menghemat waktu sehingga menghindari penumpukan padi sawah sampai beberapa hari, untuk menjaga kualitas, menekan kehilangan hasil dan kerusakan gabah kemudian gabah dikeringkan diatas lantai jemur. Penyimpanan gabah dalam wadah yang bersih dalam lumbung/gudang, bebas hama, memiliki sirkulasi udara yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 474, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Rekapitulasi Persepsi Petani pada Kelompok Tani Junika Hasnizar dan Sumber Makmur di Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 504, "width": 382, "height": 115, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Variabel Frekuensi Persentase Ya Tidak Ya Tidak 1 Aspek Ekonomi 26 13 67 33 2 Aspek Jaminan Hidup 35 4 90 10 3 Aspek Sosial 37 2 94 6 4 Aspek Teknis 28 11 72 28 Rata-Rata 31 8 81 19", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 634, "width": 453, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel 7 tersebut menjelaskan bahwa persepsi petani padi sawah pada kelompok tani Junika Hasnizar dan Sumber Makmur terhadap program pencetakan lahan sawah di Kelurahan Kampung Singkep dapat di kategogikan positif. Hal ini karena dari indikator pada setiap aspek yang ditanyakan, petani berpandangan bahwa program pencetakan lahan sawah positif untuk diterapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 701, "width": 61, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Kelurahan Kampung Singkep, Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek ekonomi dipandang petani positif dari indikator distribusi pemasaran hasil panen, membantu modal mencetak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. (1) 2015", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 452, "top": 35, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 1412-8241", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 779, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sawah, menambah penghasilan, dan menguntungkan petani. 2) Program pencetakan lahan sawah dipandang menjamin kehidupan petani dari indikator aman memenuhi kebutuhan pangan sehari- hari, nyaman dalam melengkapi alsintan dalam berusahatani, mutu beras yang dikonsumsi lebih baik, meningkatkan taraf hidup, meningkatkan rasa percaya diri. 3) Program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek sosial dipandang menciptakan dinamika kelompok tani hingga mencapai terminologi yang baik untuk petani. 4) Program pencetakan lahan sawah dari aspek teknis dipandang meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petani dalam berusahatani tanaman padi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 192, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 454, "height": 108, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis mengaturkan puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa serta ucapan terima kasih kepada: 1.) Bapak Dr.Ir Saad Murdy,M.S selaku dekan fakultas pertanian Universitas Jambi, 2.) Ibu Hj.Rosyani,SP,MSi selaku ketua jurusan PPMA fakultas pertanian Universitas Jambi, 3.) Idris Sardi SP, M.Si dan Ir. Elwamendri, M.Si selaku pembimbing skripsi penulis 4.) Ir.Elwamendri,M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing akademik penulis, 5.) Kepala Kecamatan Muara Sabak Barat, 6.) Kepala Desa Kampung Singkep beserta masyarakat Desa Kampung Singkep yang telah membantu memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan serta semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan karya ilmiah ini dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 340, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 367, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Rahman, Agus. 2013. Psikologi Sosial. PT.Raja Grafindo Persada: Jakarta Adnyana, Made Oka. 2006. Revitalisasi Pertanian dan Dialog Peradaban (Lintasan dan Marka Jalan Menuju Ketahanan Pangan Terlanjutkan dalam Era Perdagangan Bebas). Penerbit Buku Kompas. Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Budiman, dkk. 2010. Persepsi Petani Terhadap Pengelolaan dan Fungsi Hutan Rakyat di Kabupaten Ciamis, Jurnal Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gajah Mada, Jogyakarta. Diunduhdari: http://ojs.unud.ac.i d (diakses pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 494, "width": 257, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badan Pusat Statistik. 2012. . BPS Provinsi Jambi. ------, Jambi dalam angka 2012. BPS provinsi Jambi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 521, "width": 301, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "------, Tanjung Jabung Timur Dalam Angka 2012. BPS provinsi Jambi. ------, Muara sabak barat Dalam Angka 2012. BPS provinsi Jambi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 558, "width": 454, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cepriadi dan Roza Yulida. (2012). Persepsi Petani Terhadap Usahatani Lahan Pekarangan(Studi Kasus Usahatani Lahan Pekarangan di Kecamatan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan) Jurnal Faperta Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru. Diunduh dari: http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php%3Farticle%3D106436%26val%3D2280 (diakses pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2014).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 635, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinas Pertanian Dan Ketahanan Pangan Tanjung Jabung Timur . 2013. Pedoman Teknis Pencetakan Lahan Sawah . Jambi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 73, "top": 672, "width": 430, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hanani, Nuhfil. 2009. Ketahanan Pangan Subsistem Ketersediaan . Makalah Workshop I Ketahanan Pangan .Jawa Timur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 709, "width": 432, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sarwono, Sarlito Wirawan. 2002. Teori-Teori Psikologi Sosial. PT.Raja Grafindo Persada:Jakarta Sunyoto, Danang. 2013. Teori,kuesioner dan Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia .CAPS:yogjakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis Vol 18. 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Alfabeta, Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 160, "width": 417, "height": 15, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunyoto, Danang. 2013. Teori,kuesioner dan Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia .CAPS:yogjakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 389, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Van Den Ban, A.W Dan H.S.Hawkins. 1999. Penyuluhan Pertanian . Kanisius: Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 77, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 68, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 68, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 798, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhannudin 1 , Lisnawati Rusmin 2 & Ida Sriwaty Sunarjo 3 | 400", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 95, "width": 342, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mindfulness dan Efikasi Diri Mahasiswa Semester Akhir", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 127, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhannudin 1 , Lisnawati Rusmin 2 & Ida Sriwaty Sunarjo 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 143, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurusan Psikologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 157, "width": 341, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Halu Oleo [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 221, "width": 446, "height": 214, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak : Efikasi diri adalah suatu keyakinan individu atas kemampuannya dalam mengatur dan menjalankan segala tindakan yang diperlukan guna menyelesaikan suatu tugas tertentu. Salah satu faktor yang berkaitan dengan efikasi diri adalah mindfulness . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 289 mahasiswa. Sampel dalam penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik random sampling yang menghasilkan jumlah subjek sebanyak 75 orang mahasiswa akhir yang sedang menyusun skripsi. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan skala efikasi diri dan skala mindfulness . Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode Pearson's Product Moment correlation . Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,317 dan taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,006 (p<0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 449, "width": 313, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : efikasi diri; mahasiswa semester akhir; mindfulness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 477, "width": 446, "height": 190, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract : Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in his ability to organize and carry out all the actions needed to complete a particular task. One of the factors related to self-efficacy is mindfulness. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is a relationship between mindfulness and self-efficacy in final semester students of the Management Department of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University. This research is included in the type of quantitative research using a correlational approach. The population in this study amounted to 289 students. The sample in the study was taken using random sampling technique which resulted in a total of 75 final students who were preparing their thesis. This research instrument uses a self-efficacy scale and a mindfulness scale. The data analysis technique uses the Pearson's Product Moment correlation method. The research results obtained showed that there was a positive relationship between mindfulness and self-efficacy in final semester students of the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University with a correlation coefficient of 0.317 and a significance level of 0.006 (p <0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 694, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : final semester students; mindfulness; self-efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 52, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 52, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 65, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 65, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 783, "width": 296, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "401 | Mindfulness dengan Efikasi Diri Mahasiswa Semester Akhir", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 205, "height": 231, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahasiswa adalah seorang yang terdaftar sebagai peserta didik pada suatu Perguruan Tinggi atau Universitas. Mahasiswa sebagai seorang pelajar memiliki tugas untuk dapat mengembangankan diri dengan optimal dalam berbagai masalah serta mampu mengatasinya. Menurut Pasal 56 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi, \"mahasiswa yang telah menyelesaikan seluruh beban studi dan tugas akhir wajib memperoleh gelar sarjana\". Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa semester akhir memiliki kewajiban untuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir dan memperoleh gelar sarjana sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 341, "width": 205, "height": 246, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Waktu yang digunakan dalam menyusun skripsi membutuhkan proses yang cukup panjang untuk dilalui dan bukan hal yang mudah, seringkali dalam proses pengerjaannya mahasiswa mendapat kesulitan. Banyak faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan muncul dalam pikiran mahasiswa yang bisa menghambat mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah keraguan dalam menentukan topik, kebingungan untuk memulai dari mana, kesulitan mencari literatur pendukung, kerap dilanda rasa malas untuk mengerjakan dan adanya kecemasan dalam menghadapi dosen pembimbing yang membuat mereka sulit menyelesaikan tugas akhir (Muing, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 590, "width": 205, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Adinursari (2019), p enyusunan tugas akhir memerlukan keyakinan yang kuat dari dalam diri, mahasiswa harus merasa yakin bahwa dia bisa mengerjakan dan menyelesaikannya secara benar dan tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 672, "width": 205, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepercayaan diri yang tinggi dari dalam dapat mempengaruhi individu supaya melakukan sesuatu dengan sungguh- sungguh dalam menggapai impian dan tujuan, begitupun sebaliknya ketika keyakinan dalam diri individu lemah maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 205, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat mengurangi usaha seorang mahasiswa jika dihadapkan kepada suatu hambatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 134, "width": 205, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bandura (dalam Adinursari, 2019) menjelaskan bahwa suatu keyakinan individu atas kemampuannya dalam mengatur dan menjalankan segala tindakan yang diperlukan guna menyelesaikan suatu tugas tertentu disebut efikasi diri. Kepercayaan atas potensi individu bisa membantu menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai harapan, karena terdapat efikasi diri dalam menduga keberhasilan dalam usahanya. Perasaan efikasi yang kuat dapat meningkatkan keterampilan individu dan ketentraman (well-being) dengan cara yang tak terbayangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 341, "width": 205, "height": 315, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bandura, Freeman, dan Lightsey (dalam Barus , 2022) menjelaskan bahwa karakteristik individu yang memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi adalah individu merasa yakin bahwa mereka mampu menangani secara efektif peristiwa dan situasi yang mereka hadapi, tekun dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas, percaya pada kemampuan diri yang mereka miliki, memandang kesulitan sebagai tantangan bukan ancaman dan suka mencari situasi baru, menetapkan sendiri tujuan yang menantang dan meningkatkan komitmen yang kuat terhadap dirinya, menanamkan usaha yang kuat dalam apa yang dilakukannya dan meningkatkan usaha saat menghadapi kegagalan, berfokus pada tugas dan memikirkan strategi dalam menghadapi kesulitan, cepat memulihkan rasa mampu setelah mengalami kegagalan, dan menghadapi stressor atau ancaman dengan kayakinan bahwa mereka mampu mengontrolnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 659, "width": 211, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun kenyataanya masih banyak mahasiswa yang tidak percaya diri untuk mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan tugas akhir tepat waktu. Fenomena ini dijumpai di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo Program Studi Manajemen, diperoleh berdasarkan pembagian angket", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 67, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 67, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 782, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhannudin 1 , Lisnawati Rusmin 2 & Ida Sriwaty Sunarjo 3 | 402", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang berisikan pernyatan mengenai efikasi diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 107, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 211, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tersebut dibuat berdasarkan aspek-aspek efikasi diri menurut Bandura (dalam Adinursari, 2019) dimana ia mengungkapkan bahwa efikasi diri terdiri dari tiga aspek yaitu g enerality, magnitude dan s trength .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 211, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil penyebaran angket melalui google form sebagai data awal penelitian, dapat dilihat bahwa masih ada 15 mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan bisnis tidak percaya dengan diri mereka, bahwa mereka bisa menyelesaikan tugas akhir tepat waktu dikarenakan sulitnya mengatur waktu untuk bertemu dengan dosen pembimbing, sulitnya fokus mengerjakan skripsi, serta merasa minder dengan teman-teman yang lebih dulu menyelesaikan study. Pernyataan di atas juga didukung berdasarkan wawancara singkat bersama 5 orang Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo menyatakan bahwa mereka merasa tidak yakin dapat menyusun dan menyelesaikan tugas akhir tepat waktu. Hal ini ditandai dari perasaan tidak mampu mahasiswa dalam menentukan topik penelitian, kesulitan mencari literatur dan bahan bacaan, tidak pandai merangkai kata, kecemasan saat menghadapi dosen pembimbing, serta tidak yakin terhadap kemampuan diri mereka, bahkan mereka masih bingung apakah akan lulus dan wisuda di tahun ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 210, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sesuai yang dijelaskan di atas mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo memiliki kepercayaan diri yang rendah serta merasa dirinya tidak sanggup melakukan tuntutan yang ada, hal tersebut juga tidak sesuai dengan gambaran seorang mahasiswa yang diharapkan memiliki keyakinan yang tinggi supaya mampu menjadi individu yang berkualitas dan mampu bersaing (Savitri & Listiyandini, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 749, "width": 211, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan adanya berbagai macam tantangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 369, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan hambatan yang dihadapi Mahasiswa semester akhir Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri diperlukan oleh mahasiswa untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan situasi sulit, serta diperlukan untuk mengatasi tantangan dan masalah dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir. Selain itu efikasi diri juga dapat meningkat karena peningkatan kualitas kesadaran diri atau dikenal dengan mindfulness (Hidayat & Fourianalistyawati, 2017). Kualitas kesadaran diri muncul sebagai mindfulness (kesadaran penuh) yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kesadaran (awareness) dan perhatian akan keadaan di sini dan saat ini menurut Brown dan Ryan (dalam Sulastoyo & Lailatushifah, 2012). Mindfulness dapat berhubungan dengan hal-hal positif pada individu sehingga mengindikasikan efikasi diri. Peran mindfulness memiliki dampak yang positif pada individu yang menciptakan rasa puas pada kehidupan sehingga individu terlepas dari ketidaknyamanan yang dialaminya, dan memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi (Waskito, Loekmono & Dwikurnaningsih, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 466, "width": 214, "height": 301, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Singh, Junnarkar dan Kaur (dalam Maulinda & Rahayu, 2021) mindfulness merupakan suatu kondisi di mana individu memberikan perhatiannya secara sengaja sebagai upaya untuk menyadari kondisi individu tersebut dan tidak memberikan penilaian apapun pada kondisi tersebut. Mindfulness juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis dan memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap setiap dimensi kesejahteraan psikologis pada mahasiswa (Savitri & Listiyandini, 2017). Seseorang memiliki mindfulness yang rendah, biasanya akan merasa tidak mampu mengelola tekanan sehingga memunculkan stres (Adinursari, 2019). Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat mindfulness yang tinggi cenderung lebih mampu mengatasi stres dan tekanan dalam kehidupan akademik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan tingkat efikasi diri pada", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 52, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 52, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 65, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 65, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 783, "width": 296, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "403 | Mindfulness dengan Efikasi Diri Mahasiswa Semester Akhir", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dirinya (Salim & Fakhrurrozi, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 211, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berkenaan dengan hubungan antara mindfulness dengan efikasi diri, telah ada sejumlah penelitian yang pernah dilakukan yang umumnya mendapatkan hasil positif (Cede & Gözen, 2021; Adinursari, 2019; Oktaria & Bintang, 2018). Penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa mindfulness dengan efikasi diri, berhubungan negatif (McCann & Davis 2018; Brausch, 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 211, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang telah dipaparkan, terdapat ketidakkonsistenan terkait hubungan mindfulness dengan efikasi diri serta masih kurangnya penelitian yang membahas dengan subjek mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai “Hubungan antara mindfulness dengan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa semester akhir di Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 211, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Terdapat dua variabel dalam penelitian ini, yakni mindfulness sebagai variabel bebas dan efikasi diri sebagai variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 533, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 560, "width": 211, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo yang berjumlah 289 orang. Dari total populasi tersebut selanjutnya diambil sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan kriteria yakni mahasiswa akhir yang sedang menyususn skripsi, sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 671, "width": 210, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua skala, yakni skala mindfulness yang disusun oleh Jannah (2019) berdasarkan pada aspek- aspek menurut Baer, Smith, Allen (2004) yang memiliki 39 aitem. Skala efikasi diri yang disusun oleh Putriningtiyas (2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 210, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang dikemukakan oleh Bandura (1997), skala efikasi diri ini memiliki 26 item. Peneliti juga melakukan uji coba terhadap kedua alat ukur tersebut dengan cara try out terpakai kepada subjek penelitiannya langsung guna mendapatkan nilai validitas dan reliabilitas skala yang lebih sesuai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 203, "width": 213, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji coba terhadap kedua alat ukur tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada skala mindfulness dari total 39 aitem dengan nilai validitas berkisar antara 0,320- 0,586 serta nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,869. Sementara pada Skala efikasi diri dari total 26 aitem yang diuji coba dengan nilai validitas berkisar antara 0,326-0,653 serta nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,835.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 327, "width": 205, "height": 205, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yakni analisis deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai tingkat mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada subjek, serta analisis inferensial untuk melihat hasil uji asumsi dan uji hipotesis penelitian. Untuk mengetahui apakah data terdistribusi normal atau tidak, peneliti menggunakan teknik Kolmogorov Smirnov, lalu uji linearitas dengan menggunakan test for linearity . Adapun untuk uji hipotesisnya, peneliti menggunakan teknik Pearson’s Product Moment correlation dengan bantuan SPSS 25.0 for windows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 547, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 560, "width": 210, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa subjek penelitian berjumlah 75 orang Mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo. Peneliti kemudian melakukan analisis deskriptif untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai data yang diperoleh dari subjek penelitian, baik berdasarkan variabel mindfulness maupun variabel efikasi diri. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada variabel mindfulness diperoleh skor minimum sebesar 86 dan skor maksimum sebesar 140. Selain itu, variabel mindfulness juga memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 112,40 dan standar deviasi sebesar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 67, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 67, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 782, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhannudin 1 , Lisnawati Rusmin 2 & Ida Sriwaty Sunarjo 3 | 404", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 210, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12,958. Sementara pada variabel efikasi diri diperoleh skor minimum sebesar 61 dan skor maksimum sebesar 99, serta nilai rata- rata sebesar 78,62 dan juga standar deviasi sebesar 8,950. Hasil analisis deskpritif tersebut dapat dilihat lebih jelas pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 202, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Statistik Deskriptif", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 300, "width": 210, "height": 231, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data-data di atas selanjutnya akan dijadikan sebagai dasar dalam pengkategorisasian subjek. Tujuan dari kategorisasi ini yaitu untuk menempatkan subjek ke dalam kelompok-kelompok yang berjenjang menurut rangkaian tertentu berdasarkan atribut yang diukur (Azwar, 2017). Adapun norma kategorisasinya terdiri dari tiga kategori, yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada variabel mindfulness, subjek dengan kategori rendah berjumlah 10 mahasiswa (16%), kategori sedang berjumlah 53 mahasiswa (64%), dan kategori tinggi berjumlah 12 mahasiswa (22%). Tingkat kategorisasi tersebut dapat dilihat lebih jelas pada tabel berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 546, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Kategorisasi Tingkat Mindfulness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 210, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun pada variabel efikasi diri, subjek dengan kategori efikasi diri rendah berjumlah 9 mahasiswa (16%), kategori efikasi diri sedang berjumlah 55 mahasiswa (66%), dan kategori efikasi diri tinggi berjumlah 11 mahasiswa (18%). Tingkat kategorisasi tersebut juga dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 94, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Kategorisasi Tingkat Efikasi diri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 194, "width": 210, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti kemudian melakukan uji normalitas untuk mengetahui apakah data terdistribusi normal atau tidak. Uji normalitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan bantuan SPSS 25.0 for windows . Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sebaran data pada kedua variabel penelitian terdistribusi normal. Hal tersebut dilihat dari nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh lebih besar dari 0,05, yakni 0,200. Hasil uji normalitas tersebut juga dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 379, "width": 145, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 484, "width": 210, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti juga melakukan uji linearitas untuk melihat apakah hubungan antar kedua variabel yang hendak dianalisis mengikuti garis lurus atau tidak. Uji linearitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik compare means untuk melihat hasil test for linearity- nya, yang diuji dengan bantuan SPSS 25.0 for windows. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,007 (ρ>0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 636, "width": 210, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "variabel mindfulness dan variabel efikasi diri dalam penelitian ini memiliki hubungan yang linear. Hasil uji linearitas tersebut juga dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 737, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Linearitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 224, "width": 212, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N Min Max Mean Std. D Mindfulness 75 86 140 112.40 12.958 Efkasi diri 75 61 99 78.62 8.950", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 79, "top": 573, "width": 189, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah Subjek Presentase % Kategori 10 16% Rendah 53 64% Sedang 15 21% Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 336, "top": 119, "width": 183, "height": 336, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah Subjek Presentase % Kategori 9 16% Rendah 55 66% Sedang 11 18% Tinggi Variabel Kolmogor of Smirnof Z P Ketera ngan Mindfulness dan Efikasi diri 0,045 0,20 0 Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 52, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 52, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 65, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 65, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 783, "width": 296, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "405 | Mindfulness dengan Efikasi Diri Mahasiswa Semester Akhir", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 98, "width": 185, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hubungan Variabel A P Keterangan Mindfulness dan Efikasi diri 0,05 0,007 Linear", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 152, "width": 210, "height": 329, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis selanjutnya adalah uji hipotesis yang diuji menggunakan teknik Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation dengan bantuan SPSS 25.0 for windows . Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien korelasi Pearson yang diperoleh sebesar 0,317 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,006 (ρ < 0,05). Nilai koefisien korelasi yang menunjukkan angka 0,317 berarti bahwa hubungan keduanya bersifat positif dan menunjukkan tingkat hubungan yang cukup kuat. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima, ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo. Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi mindfulness maka semakin tinggi efikasi diri yang dimilikinya, begitu pula sebaliknya semakin rendah mindfulness mahasiswa Program studi Manajemen maka semakin tinggi efikasi diri yang dimiliki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 484, "width": 205, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun hasil uji hipotesis tersebut juga dapat dilihat lebih jelas pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 590, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 618, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 211, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "hasil analisis deskriptif, diketahui bahwa mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo sebagian besar memiliki mindfulness dengan kategori sedang (64 %). Hal ini berarti bahwa mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UHO memiliki kemampuan mindfulness yang cukup baik. Mahasiswa yang memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mindfulness yang cukup baik dapat dikatakan bahwa mahasiswa tersebut cukup sadar dan cukup mampu untuk memusatkan perhatian untuk mengerjakan tugas akhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 148, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal di atas sejalan dengan pandangan Germer (dalam Adinursari,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 176, "width": 211, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2019) menjelaskan bahwa mindfulness menekankan pada kesadaran, menjadikan individu sadar sepenuhnya pada hal yang terjadi pada saat ini. Mindfulness dapat membantu meningkatkan efikasi diri melalui perhatian atau kesadaran penuh. Dengan mindfulness individu dapat memperhatikan, mengelola emosi dan pikiran negatif yang dapat mempengaruhi efikasi diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 314, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis deskriptif juga dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran efikasi diri yang dialami oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo. Hasilnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 383, "width": 211, "height": 190, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo memiliki efikasi diri dalam kategori sedang (66%). Efikasi diri sedang yang dialami mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo juga dapat dikatakan masih termasuk dalam kategori yang normal. Dikatakan normal karena efikasi diri tersebut hampir dialami oleh setiap mahasiswa, dan juga telah menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan setiap mahasiswa (Wahyudi, Rebasari, & Nazriati, 2015).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 576, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disamping itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 742, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "hubungan mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 615, "width": 95, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mindfulness Efkasi diri", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 316, "top": 632, "width": 209, "height": 104, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mindfulness Pearson Correlation 1 .317* Sig. (2-tailed) .006 N 75 75 Efkasi diri Pearson Correlation .317* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .006 N 75 75", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 67, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 67, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 782, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhannudin 1 , Lisnawati Rusmin 2 & Ida Sriwaty Sunarjo 3 | 406", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis, diketahui bahwa ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 204, "width": 211, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hubungan positif tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa semakin tinggi mindfulness yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa semester akhir maka semakin tinggi efikasi diri yang mereka alami, dan begitu juga sebaliknya, semakin rendah mindfulness yang dimiliki mahasiswa semester akhir maka semakin rendah juga efikasi diri yang mereka alami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 314, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adanya hubungan positif antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Adinursari (2019) yang menjelaskan bahwa mindfulness merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi tingkat efikasi diri. Mindfulness dibagi ke dalam beberapa aspek yaitu observing, describing , acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experiences, dan non-reactivity to inner experiences. Masing-masing dimensi menekankan bahwa individu yang mindful ditandai oleh kesadaran dan perhatian terhadap berbagai stimulus yang ada, baik internal maupun eksternal tanpa memberi penilaian dan berlarut didalamnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesadaran dan perhatian tersebut menuntun individu untuk mengenali diri sendiri dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 563, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Individu", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 563, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat mendeskripsikan pengalaman yang dialaminya serta menerimanya dengan tulus tanpa penilaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 211, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian lain yang sejalan dengan hasil penelitian ini yaitu Cede dan Gözen (2021) yang mengungkap bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan positif antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri. Cede dan Gözen (2021) menjelaskan mindfulness merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan rasa efikasi diri seseorang. Namun, mindfulness bukanlah satu-satunya cara untuk meningkatkan tingkat rasa efikasi diri. Penelitian Oktaria dan Bintang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2018) juga menyatakan bahwa benar terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara mindful attention awareness dengan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa tahun pertama di Fakultas Kedokteran UNILA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 163, "width": 217, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahasiswa yang memiliki efikasi diri yang rendah pada dasarnya disebabkan oleh berbagai macam stressor yang membuat mahasiswa semester akhir merasa tertekan atau terbebani. Dari hasil penelitian ini bisa diungkap bahwa salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi efikasi diri tersebut adalah mindfulness . Bandura, menjelaskan efikasi diri terbentuk melalui lima faktor utama yaitu pengalaman pribadi, modeling, persuasi sosial, pengalaman imajiner, dan kondisi fisiologis. Dalam konteks ini, mindfulness", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 410, "top": 342, "width": 29, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 342, "width": 211, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "membantu meningkatkan efikasi diri melalui pengalaman pribadi. Dengan lebih sadar terhadap diri dan lingkungan, individu dapat memperoleh pengalaman baru yang positif dan memperkuat keyakinan mereka dalam kemampuan diri sendiri atau efikasi diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 452, "width": 217, "height": 246, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan tersebut sejalan dengan pandangan Hidayat dan Fourianalistyawati (2017) yang menjelaskan bahwa efikasi diri dapat meningkat karena peningkatan kualitas kesadaran diri atau dikenal dengan mindfulness. Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat mindfulness yang tinggi cenderung lebih mampu mengatasi stres dan tekanan dalam kehidupan akademik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan tingkat efikasi diri pada dirinya ( Salim & Fakhrurrozi, 2020). Peran mindfulness memiliki dampak yang positif pada individu yang menciptakan rasa puas pada kehidupan sehingga individu terlepas dari ketidaknyamanan yang dialaminya, dan memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi ( Waskito, Loekmono dan Dwikurnaningsih, 2018).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 701, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan-penjelasan tersebut, diketahui bahwa mindfulness sangat penting dimiliki oleh setiap mahasiswa karena dapat mempengaruhi cara pandang sehingga mahasiswa tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 52, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 52, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 65, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 65, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 783, "width": 296, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "407 | Mindfulness dengan Efikasi Diri Mahasiswa Semester Akhir", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bisa lebih fokus terhadap tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 211, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahasiswa dengan kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 120, "width": 211, "height": 205, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mindfulness juga tidak perlu merasa tertekan atau atau terbebani dengan berbagai tekanan akademik yang dialaminya. Dalam hal ini, mahasiswa yang memiliki mindfulness yang baik lebih mampu dalam mengelola cara pandang serta mampu memperhitungkan serata fokus untuk apa yang sebaiknya dilakukan ketika dihadapkan dengan tekanan atau hambatan selama mengerjakan tugas akhir, dan hal ini juga mampu membuat mahasiswa semester akhir lebih yakin dan percaya terhadap dirinya bahwa mereka mampu untuk menyelesaiakan tugas akhir tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal tersebut sejalan dengan pendapat Germer (dalam Adinursari, 2019)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang menjelaskan bahwa dengan memusatkan perhatian atau fokus pada tugas atau aktivitas yang sedang dilakukan dapat mengembangkan kemampuan untuk berkonsentrasi, yang dapat membantu mencapai tujuan dan membangun keyakinan diri yang lebih kuat. Serta mindfulness dapat membantu individu lebih peka terhadap dukungan dan dorongan yang diberikan oleh orang-orang di sekitar mereka. Dengan memperhatikan dan menghargai dukungan ini, individu dapat membangun keyakinan diri dan merasa lebih termotivasi untuk mencapai tujuan dan memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mindfulness juga dapat membantu individu memperkuat faktor lain yang berkontribusi pada efikasi diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 603, "width": 217, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagaimana disebutkan Adinursari (2019) bahwa mindfulness dapat membantu individu memperkuat kemampuan mereka untuk memusatkan perhatian pada tugas yang penting, memperkuat keterampilan sosial, dan meningkatkan kemampuan beradaptasi dalam situasi yang berubah- ubah. Dalam konteks ini, dengan memperkuat faktor-faktor lain yang berkontribusi pada diri, individu dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memperkuat keyakinan mereka dalam kemampuan diri sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 120, "width": 211, "height": 191, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari pemaparan di atas mindfulness dapat mempengaruhi efikasi diri mahasiswa semester akhir melalui beberapa mekanisme. Salah satunya adalah dengan meningkatkan kesadaran diri, mahasiswa dapat mengenali pikiran-pikiran negatif atau keraguan diri yang menghalangi efikasi diri mereka. Kemudian, mereka dapat mengubah pola pikir negatif tersebut menjadi lebih positif dan konstruktif sehingga mahasiswa semester akhir memiliki efikasi diri dan keyakinan yang kuat untuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir tepat pada waktunya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 328, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 341, "width": 211, "height": 273, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa: (1) tingkat mindfulness yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo sebagian besar berada pada kategori sedang, yang berarti bahwa mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo memiliki kemampuan mindfulness yang cukup baik; (2) tingkat efikasi diri yang dialami oleh mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo sebagian besar juga berada pada kategori sedang, yang berarti bahwa mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo masih memiliki efikais diri yang tergolong normal; dan (3) ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa semester akhir Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Halu Oleo.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 625, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 638, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adinursari, H. F. (2019). Hubungan mindfulness dan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa tahun pertama di Fakultas Pendidikan Psikologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 356, "top": 693, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 356, "top": 693, "width": 173, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negeri Jakarta. ( Skripsi) . Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 67, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 (3), (September) 2023, 400-409", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 67, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 782, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhannudin 1 , Lisnawati Rusmin 2 & Ida Sriwaty Sunarjo 3 | 408", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 209, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azwar, S. 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[ { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 169, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol6.iss1.2023.93-104", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 342, "top": 35, "width": 181, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "April 2023, Vol.6 No.1, 93-104 online pada https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 80, "width": 404, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi Staphylococcus sp . dan Resistensi Antibiotik di Kecamatan Tutur, Pasuruan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 129, "width": 396, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identification of Staphylococcus sp. and Antibiotic Resistance in Tutur District,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 143, "width": 49, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasuruan", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 139, "top": 170, "width": 317, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari 1 *, Suwarno 2 , Wiwiek Tyasningsih 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 183, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Magister Ilmu Penyakit dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, 2 Departemen Mikrobiologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 60115.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 207, "width": 239, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 233, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 260, "width": 444, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Staphylococcus sp . dan resistensi antibiotik di Kecamatan Tutur, Pasuruan. Sebanyak 273 sampel susu sapi dievaluasi dan diidentifikasi cemaran Staphylococcus sp . Selanjutnya, uji resistensi antibiotik dilakukan sesuai standard CLSI. Penelitian ini menunjukkan 41 isolat Staphylococcus sp . dari 97 ekor sapi positif CMT. Hasil penelitian menemukan tujuh isolat Staphylococcus sp . resisten terhadap antibiotik yang terdiri dari satu isolat multidrug-resistant , yaitu S. saprophyticus yang resisten terhadap penisilin, eritromisin dan klindamisin, serta enam isolat resisten antibiotik yang terdiri dari dua isolat S. aureus , satu isolat S. haemolyticus dan tiga isolat S. simulans . Isolat Staphylococcus sp . menunjukkan resistensi terhadap penisilin, eritromisin, klindamisin, dan tetrasiklin. Sedangkan Antibiotik gentamisin, ciprofloksasin, cefoxitin, dan cotrimoxazole tidak mengalami resistensi, sehingga antibiotik tersebut masih aman digunakan. Angka kejadian resistensi bakteri Staphylococcus sp . terhadap antibiotik dengan rincian resistensi terhadap penisilin 7,3%, resistensi terhadap tetrasiklin 7,3%, resistensi terhadap klindamisin 4,8% dan resistensi terhadap eritromisin 4,8%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 410, "width": 251, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: antibiotik, multidrug-resistant , Staphylococcus sp .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 436, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 463, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aimed to identify Staphylococcus sp. and antibiotic resistance in Tutur District, Pasuruan. A total of 273 samples of cow's milk were evaluated and identified as Staphylococcus sp. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance test was carried out according to CLSI standards. This study showed 41 isolates of Staphylococcus sp. of 97 positive CMT. The results of the study reported seven isolates of Staphylococcus sp. resistant to antibiotics consisted of one multidrug-resistant isolate, i.e. S. saprophyticus which was resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, and six antibiotic resistant isolates consisted of two S. aureus isolates, one S. haemolyticus isolate and three isolates S. simulans. Staphylococcus sp. isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. While the antibiotics gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and cotrimoxazole did not reported resistance, so these antibiotics were applicable. The incidence of bacterial resistance Staphylococcus sp. to antibiotics with details of resistance to penicillin 7,3%, resistance to tetracycline 7,3%, resistance to clindamycin 4,8% and resistance to erythromycin 4,8%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 602, "width": 248, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: antibiotic, multidrug-resistant, Staphylococcus sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 625, "width": 416, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: 29 July 2022 Revised: 6 November 2022 Accepted: 4 February 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 652, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 681, "width": 221, "height": 83, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Staphylococcus sp . yang merupakan multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) penyebab mastitis subklinis, akan sangat berbahaya jika ditemukan dalam suatu peternakan, karena dapat menjadi reservoir atau sumber penular bagi ternak yang lain. Peningkatan strain MDRO dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 652, "width": 220, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menimbulkan masalah serius bagi peternak dan dokter hewan dalam pemilihan terapi antimikroba yang tepat. Namun jika MDRO dapat dideteksi lebih awal dari kasus mastitis subklinis, pemilihan terapi antimikroba yang efektif biasanya dapat ditemukan (Moroni et al ., 2005; Basak et al ., 2016). Pada mastitis subklinis tidak terlihat perubahan fisik air susu maupun ambing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 199, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sehingga tidak terdeteksi oleh peternak dan susu sapi masih disetorkan ke Koperasi Peternakan Sapi Perah (KPSP) (Reni dan Widya, 2018). Hal ini sangat berbahaya jika air susu yang mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus sp . multidrug-resistant yang berasal dari sapi penderita mastitis subklinis dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat, karena dapat menjadi foodborne disease yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yang dibawa oleh makanan asal ternak yang menyebabkan keracunan makanan serta menjadi penyakit resistensi antibiotik pada manusia yang dapat berisiko menyebabkan kematian (Basak et al ., 2016; Sekarini et al ., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 269, "width": 220, "height": 374, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut WHO (2016), saat ini resistensi antibiotik merupakan masalah global dan Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke 8 dari 27 negara dengan predikat multidrug-resistant tertinggi di dunia (Estiningsih et al ., 2016). Multidrug-resistant adalah suatu keadaan di mana bakteri resisten terhadap lebih dari 3 golongan antibiotik yang berbeda (Magiorakos et al ., 2012; Basak et al ., 2016). MDRO dapat disebabkan karena pemakaian antibiotik yang tidak tepat dosis, tidak tepat diagnostik, dan tidak tepat bakteri penyebab penyakit (Estiningsih et al ., 2016). Bakteri multidrug-resistant terhadap antibiotik sudah banyak ditemukan pada kasus mastitis sapi di beberapa negara antara lain adalah Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yang merupakan bakteri coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) dapat terjadi pada bakteri coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). Bakteri CoNS Resistant juga merupakan bakteri patogen penyebab mastitis penting yang dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan jaringan sekretori susu pada kelenjar susu oleh peningkatan stroma jaringan ikat sehingga ternak harus diafkir lebih cepat (Moroni et al ., 2005; Frey et al ., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 220, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kasus mastitis kontagiosa yaitu penularannya dari sapi ke sapi, 40% disebabkan bakteri patogen Staphylococcus sp . yang disebut sebagai Livestock Associated-Methicillin- resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) dan telah dilaporkan penularan ke manusia (Aswin et al ., 2020). Isolat LA-MRSA yang resisten terhadap antibiotik β-laktam juga resisten terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "antibiotik yang lain sehingga disebut sebagai bakteri multidrug-resistant (Tsakris et al ., 2013; Aswin et al ., 2020). Telah dilaporkan oleh Wahyuni et al ., (2014) bahwa 50% MRSA yang resisten terhadap penicillin-G (84,3%) dan ampisilin (93,75%), berasal dari Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah serta persentase MRSA 93,75% dapat ditemukan pada susu mastitis subklinis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 182, "width": 220, "height": 403, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jawa Timur mempunyai populasi sapi perah terbesar sekitar 252.680 ekor atau 49,66% dari total populasi sapi perah Indonesia. Provinsi penghasil air susu sapi terbesar juga berasal dari Jawa Timur, pada tahun 2013 sampai 2017 rata- rata produksi air susu sapi perah di Jawa Timur sebesar 461.730 ton atau sebesar 54,25% dari produksi nasional (Kementerian Pertanian, 2017). Koperasi Peternakan Sapi Perah (KPSP) Setia Kawan Nongkojajar, Kecamatan Tutur, Kabupaten Pasuruan merupakan koperasi terbesar di Provinsi Jawa Timur, dengan hasil utamanya adalah susu segar (Hariri, 2018). Produksi susu segar koperasi Setia Kawan Nongkojajar pada tahun 2019 meningkat menjadi 108 ton liter per hari dengan populasi sapi perah sebanyak 22.500 ekor (Gutomo, 2019). KPSP Setia Kawan berada di lereng sebelah barat Pegunungan Tengger di ketinggian 400-2.000 mdpl, dengan wilayah meliputi 11 desa yang terbagi menjadi 3 wilayah, diantaranya wilayah perbukitan (ketinggian 500- 1000 mdpl), yaitu Desa Wonosari, Gendro, Pungging, Tutur, Kalipucung, Sumberpitu dan Ngembal. Wilayah pegunungan (ketinggian 1000-2000 mdpl) yaitu Desa Blarang, Kayukebek dan Andonosari. Wilayah dataran tinggi (ketinggian ˃2000 mdpl) yaitu Desa Tlogosari (Hariri, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 589, "width": 220, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mastitis pada sapi yang disebabkan bakteri Staphylococcus sp . resistan memiliki beberapa gen resisten tergantung dari jenis antibiotik resistennya, antara lain adalah gen penyandi MecA (antibiotik methicilin), MecC (antibiotik cefoxitin), gen blaZ (antibiotik penisilin-G) ketiganya termasuk golongan antibiotik penisilin, gen aacA-D (antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida yaitu gentamisin), gen ermA (antibiotik golongan makrolida yaitu erythromycin), gen ermB (antibiotik golongan linkosamid yaitu klindamisin), dan gen ermC (streptogramin B),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 65, "width": 221, "height": 258, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sedangkan resistensi terhadap golongan antibiotik tetrasiklin ditandai gen tet(K) dan tet(M) (Frey et al ., 2013; Kot et al ., 2020). Identifikasi bakteri multidrug-resistant tergantung dari jenis bakteri dan jenis antibiotiknya yang resisten, oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui profil bakteri multidrug- resistant dapat digunakan uji Biogram untuk pemetaan jenis bakteri hasil kultur dan uji biokimia yang dievaluasi berdasarkan Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan uji resistensi fenotip dengan metode konvensional menggunakan difusi cakram antibiotika Kirby- Bauer, sehingga untuk melihat resisten atau sensitif terhadap antibiotik tertentu dapat dilihat dari ukuran diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar cakram antibiotiknya (Basak et al ., 2016; Kozerski et al ., 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 220, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya peningkatan resistensi bakteri patogen pada susu sapi terhadap antibiotik maka perlu dilakukan deteksi dini mastitis subklinis dengan menggunakan California Mastitis Test (CMT) (Reni dan Widya, 2018). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi resistensi bakteri Staphylococcus sp . penyebab mastitis subklinis terhadap beberapa antibiotik di Kecamatan Tutur, Pasuruan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 473, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 502, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 516, "width": 220, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksploratif laboratorik. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling dan cara menentukan besaran sampel berdasarkan Sugiono, 2006 diperoleh penghitungan 273 jumlah sampel susu yang diambil. Sampel susu diuji dilapangan menggunakan uji CMT. Sekitar 10 ml sampel susu positif mastitis subklinis diambil langsung dari ambing dan ditempatkan dalam tabung reaksi steril. Sampel susu dimasukkan ke dalam coolbox (Hayati et al ., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isolasi Bakteri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 220, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isolasi bakteri Staphylococcus sp . pada media Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) dilakukan dengan mengambil 1 ose inokulum dari susu sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis yang telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibuktikan dengan positif CMT, kemudian diinokulasi pada media MSA dan inkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C. (Hayati et al ., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 124, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi Bakteri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 138, "width": 220, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan pengamatan mikroskopis menggunakan pewarnaan Gram untuk membedakan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif serta uji biokimia untuk memperjelas identifikasi bakterinya (Ratih et al ., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 225, "width": 220, "height": 316, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Preparat ulas dibuat pada obyek glass dari biakan yang diduga bakteri Staphylococcus sp . pada media MSA, difiksasi di atas api bunsen. Preparat ditetesi dengan larutan kristal ungu, didiamkan selama 60 detik dan dicuci dengan air mengalir. Preparat ditetesi dengan larutan iodine dan didiamkan selama 2 menit, dicuci dengan air mengalir. Preparat ditetesi dengan alkohol 96% sampai warna ungu hilang. Preparat ditetesi safranin dan didiamkan selama 30 detik, dicuci dengan air mengalir dan ditaruh diatas tissue agar tidak ada sisa air. Preparat diamati dengan mikroskop, hasil uji gram positif jika sel berwarna ungu dan negatif jika sel berwarna merah (Ernawati, 2012). Staphylococcus sp . merupakan bakteri Gram positif yang berbentuk kokkus, bergerombol dan berwarna ungu pada pewarnaan Gram. Warna ungu disebabkan karena bakteri mempertahankan warna pertama, yaitu Kristal violet. Bakteri Gram positif memiliki peptidoglikan lebih tebal jika dibanding dengan Gram negatif (Hayati et al ., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 560, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Biokimia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 575, "width": 220, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji biokimia merupakan cara dalam melakukan identifikasi untuk menentukan genus atau spesies bakteri tertentu dengan melihat sifat- sifat fisiologis koloni bakteri hasil isolasi. Uji biokimia dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan bakteri dalam mereaksikan senyawa kimia (Nasution, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 676, "width": 220, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji katalase dapat digunakan untuk membedakan genus Staphylococcus sp . dan Streptococcus sp . Teteskan cairan H 2 O 2 3% di atas object glass dan ambil satu ose inokulum dari MSA dan diletakkan kemudian campurkan. Katalase positif ditunjukkan adanya gelembung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "gas (O 2 ) yang diproduksi oleh genus Staphylococcus (Toelle dan Lenda, 2014). Terjadinya gelembung udara menunjukkan uji katalase positif yaitu isolate bakteri uji mereduksi H 2 O 2 (Wahyuni et al ., 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 220, "height": 228, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji koagulase merupakan uji yang digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya enzim koagulase yang dihasilkan oleh Staphylococcus sp . Uji ini dilakukan dengan mengambil isolat bakteri menggunakan ose, kemudian masukkan ke dalam 1 ml Nutrient Broth dan inkubasi pada suhu 37 o C selama 24 jam. Masukkan 1 ml plasma kelinci ke dalam Nutrient Broth yang sudah berisi bakteri menggunakan spuit. Dan inkubasi selama 4 jam pertama untuk melihat hasilnya, bila masih belum menunjukkan koagulase positif inkubasi dilanjutkan sampai 24 jam. Reaksi positif pada uji koagulase ditunjukkan dengan adanya gumpalan seperti gel dalam tabung, dan reaksi negatif apabila tidak terdapat gumpalan menyerupai gel pada tabung (Laila, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 371, "width": 220, "height": 228, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Voges Proskauer (VP) berguna mengetahui reaksi kondensasi diantara diasetil. Uji VP dikerjakan dengan memupuk koloni Staphylococcus sp . pada media VP dalam tabung dan diinkubasi selama 40 jam pada suhu 37oC. Pertumbuhan bakteri ditandai dengan warna media yang menjadi keruh, kemudian ditambahkan ke dalam tabung 5 tetes KOH 40% dalam akuades steril dan 12 tetes alpha-napthol 5% dalam ethanol, yang bertindak sebagai katalis. Larutan yang telah ditambah reagen kemudian dikocok perlahan dan tunggu sampai 30 menit. Hasil positif terjadi perubahan warna dari kuning menjadi merah dan hasil negatif ditandai dengan tidak adanya perubahan warna merah pada tabung (Sarudji et al ., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 604, "width": 221, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Ornithin Decarboxylase menggunakan media Motility Indol Ornithin (MIO) yang berfungsi untuk 3 pengujian yaitu motilit y, ornithin decarboxylase dan indol yang bertujuan untuk mengkarboksilase ornitin menjadi bentuk amine. Hasil uji yang diperoleh (+) warna media terjadi perubahan dari kuning menjadi keunguan (Mustahal, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 720, "width": 220, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji urease digunakan untuk melihat bakteri yang mampu menghasilkan enzim urease. Beberapa mikroorganisme mampu menghasilkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "enzim urease yang menguraikan mikromolekul urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO) menjadi karbondioksida (CO 2 ) dan amonia (NH 3 ). Amonia yang dihasilkan akan meningkatkan pH media menjadi basa dan akan terjadi perubahan media dari orange menjadi merah. Caranya goreskan pembiakan sebanyak 1 ose pada permukaan agar miring, inkubasikan selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C, jika warnanya berubah menjadi merah muda maka hasilnya positif (Alif, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 211, "width": 220, "height": 199, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji fermentasi gula yang dilakukan untuk membedakan jenis species Staphylococcus sp . (CLSI, 2015) adalah uji fermentasi manitol, trehalose, maltose dan sukrose. Caranya goreskan pembiakan bakteri sebanyak 1 ose pada masing- masing media gula-gula (manitol, trehalose, maltose dan sukrose), selanjutnya diinkubasikan pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Uji fermentasi gula bersifat positif apabila terlihat perubahan warna menjadi kekuningan. Uji fermentasi manitol dilakukan untuk membedakan Staphylococcus patogen dan nonpatogen dengan menginokulasikan biakan bakteri ke dalam media (Ibrahim, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 415, "width": 220, "height": 97, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Novobiocin Resistant dilakukan seperti uji resistensi terhadap antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi menurut cara Kirby-Baurer pada sub bab 4.4.5. Namun paper disk antibiotik yang dipakai adalah Novobiocin 5 μg dan adapun Interpretasi pengukuran zona hambat Novobiocin resisten adalah ≤16mm (CLSI, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 531, "width": 118, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Resistensi Antibiotik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 545, "width": 220, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji resistensi terhadap antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi menurut cara Kirby- Baurer . Biakan Bakteri Staphylococcus sp . yang telah diperoleh dari koloni pada MSA dikultur lagi pada media Blood agar selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C, baru kemudian diambil koloninya dilarutkan pada tabung reaksi yang berisi 8 ml NaCl fisiologis, dilakukan homogenisasi menggunakan vortex sampai didapatkan kekeruhan yang sama dengan standart Mc Farland 0,5 (Dalynn, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 705, "width": 220, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NaCl fisiologis yang sudah di uji kekeruhannya dengan standart Mc Farland 0,5 kemudian diambil sebanyak 0,2 ml lalu diusapkan dan ratakan perlahan pada seluruh permukaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 199, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dan biarkan beberapa menit. Uji resistensi antibiotik dilakukan dengan meletakkan 8 jenis paper disk antibiotik yang biasa dipakai untuk pengobatan Staphylococcus sp. yaitu, penisilin 10 μg, gentamisin 10 μg, tetrasiklin 30 μg, klindamisin 2 μg, eritromisin 15 μg, cotrimoxazole 5 μg, ciprofloksasin 5 μg dan cefoxitin 30 μg untuk deteksi resisten terhadap antibiotik methicillin. Kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Interpretasi hasil uji resistensi dapat dilihat kemampuan zona hambat antibiotik yang diujikan terhadap bakteri penyebab mastitis berdasarkan ketentuan CLSI 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 65, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 220, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan multi koresponden, agar dapat dilihat wilayah penyebaran bakteri Staphylococcus sp . penyebab mastitis yang resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik sebagai strategi pengendalian dan pengobatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 400, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Uji CMT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 444, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian sampel bakteri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 220, "height": 214, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Staphylococcus sp . di peroleh dari 41 ekor sapi penderita mastitis subklinis berasal dari 273 ekor sapi yang diuji CMT, terdapat 35,53 % positif CMT yaitu 97 ekor sapi positif CMT mastitis subklinis dengan rincian 108 sampel susu, diantaranya terdapat 17 sampel positif satu (+), 85 sampel positif dua (++) dan 6 sampel positif tiga (+++). Jumlah sampel mastitis subklinis positif CMT terbesar di Desa Wonosari yaitu 14 ekor dengan prosentase 51,85% dari 27 ekor sapi yang diperiksa (Tabel 1). Dari 108 sampel susu ambing yang positif CMT terdapat 39,81 % atau 43 sampel susu ambing yang paling banyak terdeteksi menderita mastitis subklinis yaitu ambing bagian belakang sebelah kanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 220, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel susu dari uji positif CMT diisolasi pada media MSA. Hasil isolasi pada media MSA dari 97 ekor sampel positif CMT terdapat 62 sampel bakteri yang tumbuh pada media MSA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 170, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan sebagian ada yang memfermantasi mannitol sehingga medianya berubah menjadi kuning (Gambar 1a dan 1b). Pada 62 isolat bakteri sampel susu yang tumbuh di media MSA dilakukan pewarnaan Gram dan pemeriksaan mikroskopis sehingga ditemukan bakteri gram positif berwarna ungu, berbentuk bulat atau coccus yang menyerupai buah anggur dan bergerombol (Gambar 1c). Sedangkan jumlah isolat gram positif uji katalase positif yang diduga Staphylococcus sp . pada masing-masing 11 desa (Tabel 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 255, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Uji Biokimia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 269, "width": 220, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji biokimia yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri coccus, katalase positif species Staphylococcus sp . berdasarkan Clinical and laboratory standard Institute (CLSI, 2015) yaitu uji katalase, uji koagulase, ornithin, urea, VP, resisten terhadap antibiotik Novobiocin, trehalose, manitol, maltose dan sukrose. Pada 45 isolat bakteri gram positif yang diuji katalase terdapat 41 isolat katalase positif, ditandai dengan munculnya gelembung udara yang diidentifikasi sebagai Staphylococcus sp . (Tabel 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 444, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Uji Resistensi Antibiotik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 458, "width": 220, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji resistensi 41 isolat bakteri Staphylococcus sp . terhadap delapan jenis antibiotik yaitu penisilin, gentamisin, ciprofloksasin, tetrasiklin, klindamisin , eritromisin , cefoxitin, dan cotrimoxazole, terdapat 7 sampel yang resisten terhadap antibiotika, yaitu: 3 sampel resisten terhadap penisilin yang berasal dari Desa Kalipucang, Tutur dan Ngembal, 3 sampel resisten terhadap tetrasiklin yang berasal dari Desa Kalipucang dan Gendro, 2 sampel resisten terhadap klindamisin yang berasal dari Desa Kalipucang dan Desa Sumberpitu serta 2 sampel resisten terhadap eritromisin yang berasal dari Desa Kalipucang dan Sumberpitu. Profil 41 sampel isolat bakteri Staphylococcus sp . yang diuji resistensinya terhadap 8 antibiotik terdapat 4 antibiotik yang resisten yaitu antibiotik penisilin, tetrasiklin, klindamisin dan eritromisin . Dari 41 isolat Staphylococcus sp . terdapat 23,2% (Tabel 4 dan 5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 414, "top": 35, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 164, "top": 65, "width": 270, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil uji CMT dan isolasi bakteri pada media MSA", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 95, "top": 79, "width": 409, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desa Jumlah Pemilik Jumlah Sapi Uji CMT MSA (-) % (+) % (-) (+) Blarang 11 orang 34 23 67,6 11 32,4 7 4 Kalipucang 2 orang 40 28 70 12 30 3 9 Wonosari 1 orang 27 13 48,1 14 51,8 5 9 Tutur 2 orang 33 21 63,6 12 36,4 1 11 Pungging 2 orang 20 15 75 5 25 3 2 Ngembal 2 orang 16 10 62,5 6 37,5 0 6 Gendro 2 orang 18 9 50 9 50 4 5 Tlogosari 2 orang 24 16 66,6 8 33,3 3 5 Sumberpitu 2 orang 30 20 66,6 10 33,3 3 7 Andonosari 2 orang 20 14 70 6 30 4 2 Kayukebek 2 orang 11 7 63,6 4 36,4 2 2 Total 30 orang 273 176 64,5 97 35,53 35 62", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 379, "width": 438, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. (a) Bakteri yang merubah media MSA menjadi kuning, (b) Bakteri yang tumbuh pada media MSA tapi tidak merubah warna medianya, (c) Pemeriksaan mikroskopis bakteri", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 136, "top": 404, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Staphylococcus sp. Gram positif, coccus, bergerombol.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 429, "width": 386, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil identifikasi Staphylococcus sp. dengan pewarnaan gram dan uji katalase", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 297, "width": 348, "height": 360, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desa MSA (+) Pewarnaan Gram Uji Katalase Negatif Positif (-) (+) Ʃ % Ʃ % Blarang 4 1 3 0 0 3 75 Kalipucang 9 2 7 1 14,28 6 66,7 Wonosari 9 3 6 0 0 6 66,7 Tutur 11 5 6 1 16,67 5 41,6 Pungging 2 1 1 0 0 1 50 Ngembal 6 2 4 0 0 4 66,7 Gendro 5 1 4 1 0,25 3 60 Tlogosari 5 0 5 1 20 4 80 Sumberpitu 7 0 7 0 0 7 100 Andonosari 2 1 1 0 0 1 50 Kayukebek 2 1 1 0 0 1 50 Total 62 17 45 4 8,89 41 91,11 a b c", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 781, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 172, "top": 65, "width": 259, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil uji biokimia identifikasi Staphylococcus sp.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 140, "top": 80, "width": 323, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desa Staphy lo co cc us sp . Staphy lo co cc us aureu s Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) S. epi d er m id is S. haem ol yt icus S. l ugdu nen si s", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 353, "top": 104, "width": 2, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S. sapr oph yt icu s", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 123, "top": 110, "width": 347, "height": 277, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S. sch lei fer i S. si m u lan s S. capi ti s S. cohN ii Blarang 3 - - 1 1 - - - 1 - Kalipucang 6 1 - 3 - 1 1 - - - Wonosari 6 - - 1 - - 2 - 3 - Tutur 5 2 - - - 2 1 - - - Pungging 1 - - - 1 - - - - - Ngembal 4 1 - - - 1 - - - 2 Gendro 3 - - - - - - 3 - - Tlogosari 4 - - - - - 2 2 - - Sumberpitu 7 2 - - - - 2 3 - - Andonosari 1 - 1 - - - - - - - Kayukebek 1 - - - - - - 1 - - Total 41 6 1 5 2 4 8 9 4 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 187, "top": 402, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil rekapitulasi uji kepekaan antibiotik", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 103, "top": 416, "width": 181, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desa Staphy lo co cc us sp. Penis il in G ent am is in C iprof loksa si n", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 326, "top": 424, "width": 2, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T et ras ik li n", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 414, "width": 435, "height": 293, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "K li nd a m is in E ri tr om is in C ef oxi ti n C ot ri m oxa zol e S I R S I R S I R S I R S I R S I R S I R S I R Blarang 3 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 Kali pucang 6 5 0 1 6 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 1 5 2 1 5 0 1 6 0 0 6 0 0 Wonosari 6 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 2 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 Tutur 5 4 0 1 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 4 1 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 Pungging 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Ngembal 4 3 0 1 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 Gendro 3 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 Tlogosari 4 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 Sumberpitu 7 7 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 5 1 1 6 0 1 7 0 0 7 0 0 Andonosari 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Kayukebek 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Total 41 38 0 3 41 0 0 41 0 0 38 0 3 37 6 2 39 0 2 41 0 0 41 0 0 % Resisten 23,2 7,3 0 0 7,3 4,8 4,8 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 710, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "R= Resisten, S= Sensitif, I= Intermediate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 160, "top": 781, "width": 294, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 65, "width": 300, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Isolat Staphylococcus sp . yang resisten terhadap antibiotik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 406, "width": 388, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. (a) Pengukuran zona hambat resisten antibiotik terhadap Staphylococcus sp.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 161, "top": 419, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) Pengukuran zona hambat antibiotik tidak resisten terhadap Staphylococcus sp.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 80, "top": 728, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 . Hasil pemetaan analisis koresponden Staphylococcus sp. yang ditemukan dengan letak wilayah desanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 91, "width": 426, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kode Sampel Spesies Desa Uji Kepekaan Antibiotik Penisilin Tetrasiklin Klindamisin Eritromisin 17/PM75 S. saprophyticus Kalipucang R(20) S(26) R(6) R(6) 19/PM76 S. haemolyticus Kalipucang S(40) R(12) S(32) S(32) 41/PM41 S. aureus Tutur R(17) S(27) S(29) S(29) 53/PM40 S. aureus Ngembal R(18) S(24) S(26) S(29) 54/PM134 S. simulans Gendro S(29) R(9) S(26) S(28) 64/PM136 S. simulans Gendro S(30) R(10) S(24) S(26) 76/PM145 S. simulans Sumberpitu S(36) S(25) R(6) R(6)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 160, "top": 781, "width": 294, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 170, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan isolat multidrug-resistant telah ditemukan satu sampel di Desa Kalipucang yaitu S. saprophyticus yang resisten terhadap 3 jenis golongan antibiotik diantaranya penisilin, klindamisin dan erythromycin. Ukuran zona hambat uji resistensi antibiotik penisilin pada isolat tersebut adalah 20 mm (dikatakan resisten jika zona hambat ≤28 mm), terhadap antibiotik klindamisin 6 mm (dikatakan resisten jika zona hambat ≤14 mm), dan terhadap antibiotik eritromisin 6 mm (dikatakan resisten jika zona hambat ≤13 mm) (Tabel 5 dan Gambar 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 255, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Korespondensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 269, "width": 220, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pemetaan analisis korespondensi, bakteri patogen S. aureus banyak dijumpai pada daerah perbukitan yaitu Desa Kalipucang, Tutur, Ngembal dan Sumberpitu, sedangkan bakteri non patogen S. epidermidis hanya dijumpai di Desa Andonosari, hal ini dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 220, "height": 272, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat kejadian resistensi antibiotik pada wilayah kerja Koperasi Setiakawan Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur masih tergolong rendah yaitu 23,2% dengan rincian resisten terhadap antibiotik penisilin sebesar 7,3%, resisten terhadap antibiotik tetrasiklin 7,3%, resisten terhadap antibiotik klindamisin 4,8%, resisten terhadap antibiotik erythromycin 4,8%. Pada wilayah kerja Koperasi Setiakawan Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur yang terdiri dari 11 desa tidak ditemukan isolat Staphylococcus sp . penyebab mastitis subklinis yang resisten terhadap antibiotik gentamisin, ciprofloksasin, cefoxitin, dan cotrimoxazole, sehingga keempat jenis antibiotik tersebut masih aman digunakan untuk pengobatan antibiotik pada kasus mastitis di wilayah kerja Koperasi Setiakawan Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 633, "width": 221, "height": 126, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kejadian mastitis terutama mastitis subklinis sangat tinggi, dan lebih dari 85% kejadian mastitis tersebut disebabkan oleh bakteri terutama Staphylococcus sp . Masuknya bakteri tersebut kedalam tubuh ternak dapat terjadi pada keadaan defisiensi vitamin E atau selenium, yang menyebabkan kemampuan tubuh ternak khususnya sel PMN dalam fagositosis dan membunuh bakteri menjadi menurun (Hurley dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Morin, 2000). Oleh karena itu, tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian mastitis sangat diperlukan sebagai salah satu upaya penanganan penyakit di lapangan. Ada beberapa strategi pencegahan dan pengendalian mastitis pada sapi perah, yaitu dengan pemberian asupan pakan yang baik, tes mastitis secara teratur, pencelupan ( dipping ) puting dengan antiseptik, menjaga kebersihan ambing dan dilakukan uji resistensi antibiotik terhadap ternak yang akan diterapi pengobatan dengan antibiotik serta pemberian antibiotik sebaiknya dilakukan pada masa kering kandang. Karena kepekaan atau resistensi berbagai antibiotik menentukan dalam pemilihan antibiotik yang sesuai dan tepat untuk mengobati infeksi bakteri. Sehingga sensitivitas setiap bakteri patogen terhadap suatu antibiotik harus diuji untuk menentukan penyebab pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut terhambat, mati atau tidak ada penghambatan sehingga pengobatan tidak menimbulkan permasalahan baru (Sayu, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 371, "width": 221, "height": 374, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat Staphylococcus sp. yang didapatkan tidak mengalami resistensi terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik, yaitu gentamisin, ciprofloksasin, cefoxitin, dan cotrimoxazole. Kemungkinan antibiotik ini jarang digunakan oleh peternak dan masih dalam pengawasan sehingga penggunaanya terukur. Namun, terdapat hasil berbeda pada penelitian. Perbedaan hasil berbagai penelitian ini menunjukkan pola resistensi antibiotik Staphylococcus sp . berubah. Melalui mekanisme yang berbeda, Staphylococcus sp . berkembang menjadi resisten terhadap antibiotik yang berbeda dari waktu ke waktu. Isolat Staphylococcus sp . dari sampel susu yang resisten terhadap antibiotik ini merupakan tantangan besar dalam pengobatan karena juga biasa digunakan untuk pengobatan pada manusia. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa cotrimoksazol, gentamisin, cefoxitin, ciprofloksasin cukup efektif melawan Staphylococcus sp . Masih belum ada obat yang mencapai kerentanan 100%, jika tindakan yang diperlukan tidak diambil terhadap penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak sesuai, prevalensi Staphylococcus sp . yang resisten antibiotik dapat meningkat lebih lanjut, hal itu dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 35, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Medik Veteriner", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 35, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Purnamasari, et al", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 160, "top": 781, "width": 294, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J Med Vet 2023, 6(1):93-104. pISSN 2615-7497; eISSN 2581-012X | 102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 65, "width": 220, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyebabkan bahaya bagi kesehatan hewan dan manusia (Sudhanthiramani et al ., 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 109, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 220, "height": 345, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat disimpulkan bahwa profil bakteri Staphylococcus sp . penyebab mastitis subklinis di Kecamatan Tutur resisten terhadap empat jenis antibiotik yaitu penisilin, tetrasiklin , klindamisin dan eritromisin. Tingkat resistensi bakteri Staphylococcus sp . penyebab mastitis subklinis terhadap delapan jenis antibiotik yaitu penisilin, gentamisin, ciprofloksasin, tetrasiklin , klindamisin, eritromisin, cefoxitin, dan cotrimoxazole adalah 23,2% resisten terhadap antibiotik, dengan rincian resisten terhadap penisilin sebesar 7,3%, resisten terhadap antibiotik tetrasiklin 7,3%, resisten terhadap antibiotik klindamisin 4,8% dan resisten terhadap antibiotik eritromisin 4,8%. Ditemukan satu isolat multidrug-resistant yaitu S. saprophyticus dari tujuh isolat Staphylococcus sp . yang resisten terhadap antibiotik pada sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis yang terdiri dari dua isolat S. aureus , satu isolat S. haemolyticus , satu isolat S. saprophyticus dan tiga isolat S. Simulans . Wilayah yang terdapat bakteri S. saprophyticus multidrug-resistant pada sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis adalah Desa Kalipucang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 502, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 220, "height": 83, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Universitas Airlangga, Pusat Veteriner Farma, KPSP Setiakawan Nongkojajar, dan semua pihak yang sudah terlibat atas izin, fasilitas, dan dukungan yang telah diberikan kepada peneliti untuk melaksanakan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 633, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 220, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alif, R. 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "375", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 74, "width": 436, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 115, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hisbah 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 129, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Hukum Universitas Batanghari 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 156, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 170, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The young generation of the son as the successor of the nation, has the right and obligation to participate in building the country. The child is the capital of development that will maintain, retain, and develop the results of development. On the other hand these children do not have the ability to complement and develop themselves, carry out rights and obligations as citizens who can afford betanggung responsible and beneficial to each other.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 313, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: legal protection, children under age, marriage series", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 294, "width": 212, "height": 260, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkawinan merupakan salah satu peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Perkawinan yang terjadi antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita menimbulkan akibat lahir maupun batin baik terhadap keluarga masing-masing masyarakat dan juga dengan harta kekayaan yang diperoleh diantara mereka baik sebelum maupun selamanya perkawinan berlangsung. Setiap mahluk hidup memiliki hak azasi untuk melanjutkan keturunannya melalui perkawinan, yakni melalui budaya dalam melaksanakan suatu perkawinan yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Ada perbedaan- perbedaannya dalam pelaksanaan yang disebabkan karena keberagaman kebudayaan atau kultur terhadap agama yang dipeluk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 557, "width": 212, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap orang atau pasangan (pria dengan wanita) jika sudah melakukan perkawinan maka terhadapnya ada ikatan kewajiban dan hak diantara mereka berdua dan anak-anak yang lahir dari perkawinan tersebut. Perkawinan menurut Undang- Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (selanjutnya disebut UU", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkawinan) bukan hanya merupakan suatu perbuatan perdata saja, akan tetapi juga merupakan suatu perbuatan keagamaan, karena sah atau tidaknya suatuperkawinan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 722, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tolak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ukurnya sepenuhnya ada pada hukum masing-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masing agama dan kepercayaan yang dianutnya. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 308, "width": 212, "height": 260, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi fisik, mental, dan sosial anak yang seperti ini yang seringkali dimanfaatkan oleh pihak–pihak tertentu untuk mengambil keuntungan, hak anak- anak dapat disalah-gunakan oleh pihak- pihak tersebut untuk kepentingan pribadi mereka masing-masing. Anak juga merupakan pribadi sosial yang memerlukan relasi dan komunikasi dengan orang lain untuk memanusiakan dirinya . Anak ingin dicintai, ingin diakui dan dihargai. Berkeinginan pula untuk dihitung dan mendapatkan tempat dalam kelompoknya. Hanya dalam komunikasi dan relasi dengan orang lain (guru, pendidik, pengasuh, orang tua, anggota keluarga, kawan sebaya, kelompoknya dan lain-lain) seorang anak dapat berkembang menuju pada kedewasaan. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 570, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apabila hal itu terjadi maka akan merusak mental dan kepribadian dari si anak sekaligus berdampak negatif terhadap pelaksanaan pembangunan yang sedang berjalan. Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 BAB XA Pasal 28B ayat (2) Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 699, "width": 212, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Abdurrahman, Masalah-masalah Hukum Perkawinan Di Indonesia, Penerbit Alumni, Bandung, 1978, hal. 9", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 316, "top": 734, "width": 211, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Kartini Kartono, Psikologi Anak (Psikologi Perkembangan), Mandar Maju, Bandung: 1999, hal.43", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "376", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nomor 4316 (selanjutnya disebut Undang- Undang Dasar 1945) mengatur bahwa setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2002 Nomor 109 dan Tambahan lembaran Negara nomor 3143 dalam BAB I mengenai Ketentuan Umum pada Pasal 1 (selanjutnya disebut Undang-Undang tentang Perlindungan Anak) mengatur bahwa anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 308, "width": 212, "height": 287, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1979 tentang Kesejahteraan Anak Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1979 Nomor 32 dalam BAB I mengenai Ketentuan Umum pada Pasal 1 (selanjutnya disebut Undang-Undang tentang kesejahteraan Anak) Anak ialah seseorang yang belum mencapai umur 21 (dua puluh satu) tahun dan belum pernah kawin sedangkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1974 Nomor 1 dalam BAB I mengenai dasar Perkawinan pada Pasal 1 (selanjutnya disebut Undang-Undang tentang perkawinan) mengatur bahwa perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin antara seorang wanita sebagai suami-istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan KeTuhanan Yang Maha Esa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 598, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian dalam Undang–Undang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan pada BAB II Pasal 7 juga disebutkan mengenai syarat-syarat perkawinan mengatur bahwa perkawinan hanya diizinkan jika pihak pria telah mencapai umur 19 (sembilan belas tahun) dan pihak wanita sudah mencapai umur 16 (enam belas) tahun. Selanjutnya dalam persyaratan umur kawin jika dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "khususnya BAB IV mengenai kewajiban dan tanggung jawab,bagian kesatu umum, Pasal 26 ayat (1) huruf C mengatur bahwa orang tua berkewajiban dan bertanggung jawab untuk mencegah adanya perkawinan anak pada usia anak–anak atau usia muda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 170, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah, rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini, adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Faktor-faktor apakah yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya perkawinan usia muda dan perkawinan siri ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum inabstracto terhadap anak dalam perkawinan anak pada usia muda dan perkawinan siri?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 322, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum in concrito terhadap anak dalam perkawinan anak pada usia muda dan perkawinan siri?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 391, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 405, "width": 212, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tipe penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif (normative legal research) , yaitu penelitian yang mengkaji rumusan masalah yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini dengan meneliti peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yang berkaitan dengan rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini dan juga pemecahan masalahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 557, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 571, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perkawinan Usia Muda Dan Perkawinan Siri Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perkawinan Usia Muda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 626, "width": 212, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pernikahan anak-anak yang menikah pada usia muda tersebut lebih menonjolkan kepentingan orangtua dibanding kepentingan anak itu sendiri. Kondisi seperti ini membuat anaktidak mampu untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri. Hal ini sangat ironis karenaseharusnya anak- anak dilindungi. Hal tersebut, merupakan bentuk perdagangan anak dan bisa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "377", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengarah kepada eksploitasi dan kekerasanekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 212, "height": 232, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika memang benar anak tersebut mengalami kekerasan seksual danekonomi, maka pelakunya bisa dijerat dengan pasal pidana dalam Undang–Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.Orang tua mengambil peran penting dalam terjadinya perkawinan anakdi bawah umur . Peranan orang tua menjadi sangat besar karena budayapatriarki di masyarakat masih kental sekali . Budaya ini menempatkan anakperempuan bawah kekuasaan orang tua dan orang tua bisa berlaku seenaknya,sehingga tidak jarang terdapat kejadian dimana justru orang tua memaksakananaknya untuk menikah walaupun sebenarnya usia mereka masih sangat dibawah umur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 212, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahkan lebih menyedihkan lagi adalah sikap orang tua yangcenderung mentelantarkan anaknya karena pada dasarnya mereka kesulitanuntuk membimbing anak mereka sendiri. adapun mengenai hal-hal yang mempengaruhi, sehingga timbul perkawinan di usia mudaantara lain adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan terutama bagi masyarakat yang tinggal dipedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Minimnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang arti dan makna sebuahperkawinan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 529, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Karena tekanan ekonomi yang semakin sulit berakibat timbulnya rasafrustasi, sehingga pelarianya adalah kawin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 570, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Sempitnya lapangan kerja, sementara angkatan kerja semakin membludak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Hamil semasa sekolah/sebelum nikah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Kemauan orang tua, dengan kata lain ada unsur perjodohan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Mengikuti trend yang sedang berkembang saat ini, ikut-ikutan meramaikansuasana yang menurutnya membahagiakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 736, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses nikah siri hanya dilaksanakan wajib atau rukun nikahnya saja sedangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sunnah nikah tidak dilakukan, khususnya mengenai mengumumkan pernikahan atau yang disebut walimah/perayaan, dengan demikian orang-orang yang mengetahui pernikahan tersebut juga terbatas pada kalangan tertentu saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 156, "width": 212, "height": 246, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nikah siri dalam tinjauan sosial ada dua bentuk: pertama, pernikahan yang dilangsungkan antara mempelai lelaki dan perempuan tanpa kehadiran wali dan saksi- saksi, atau dihadiri wali tanpa saksi-saksi, kemudian mereka saling berwasiat untuk merahasiakan pernikahan tersebut. Jenis pernikahan ini batil (tidak sah), karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan- persyaratannya, yaitu unsur wali dan saksi- saksi dan kedua, pernikahan yang berlangsung dengan rukun-rukun dan syarat-syaratnya yang lengkap, seperti ijab kabul, wali dan saksi-saksi, akan tetapi mereka itu (suami, istri, wali dan saksi- saksi) satu kata untuk merahasiakan pernikahan dari pengetahuan masyarakat atau sejumlah orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 405, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Undang-Undang No. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 419, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun 2006 tentang Adminstrasi Kependudukan bahwa perkawinan merupakan salah satu peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan seseorang, meliputi kelahiran, kematian, lahir mati, perkawinan, perceraian, pengakuan anak, pengesahan anak dan perubahan status kewarganegaraan. Semua peristiwa penting tersebut wajib dilaporkan dan dicatatkan untuk tertib administrasi dalam kependudukan. Undang-Undang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 570, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kependudukan dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan mewajibkan suatu perkawinan dicatatkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 612, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nikah siri. Istilah nikah siri sudah lama eksis dan dari waktu ke waktu selalu menimbulkan kontroversi. Kata siri merupakan serapan dari bahasa Arab yang artinya rahasia. Nikah siri dalam penerjemahan bebasnya diartikan ‘nikah di bawah tangan’ atau nikah yang tidak dicatat secara resmi dan tidak dilegalisasi dengan payung hukum positif. Nikah bawah tangan, nikah agama, kawin siri atau lebih populer dengan nikah siri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "378", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merupakan pernikahan yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan syarat rukun nikah dalam Islam tetapi tidak dicatatkan di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) atau oleh Petugas Pencatat Nikah (PPN). Berdasarkan UU No. 23 Th. 2006 Tentang Adminstrasi Kependudukan, salah satu peristiwa penting yang harus didaftar/dilaporkan adalah adanya perkawinan yang dialami oleh seseorang selain peristiwa kelahiran, kematian, lahir mati, perceraian, pengakuan anak, pengesahan anak, pengangkatan anak, perubahan nama dan perubahan status kewarganegaraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 267, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinamakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 494, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "siri karena dilangsungkan secara diam-diam, tertutup, rahasia atau sembunyi-sembunyi tanpa adanya publikasi. Munculnya fenomena nikah siri yang semakin marak dilakukan, dengan alasan tertentu tanpa wali perempuan, bahkan terkadang juga tanpa saksi dan tanpa sepengetahuan orang tua pihak perempuan. Pernikahan seperti ini tidak sah secara agama dan apalagi secara hukum. Istilah nikah di bawah tangan muncul setelah UU Nomor 1/1974 berlaku secara efektif yaitu tanggal 1 Oktober 1975, nikah bawah tangan pada dasarnya adalah kebalikan dari nikah yang dilakukan menurut hukum. Dan nikah menurut hukum adalah yang diatur dalam UU perkawinan. Dengan demikian nikah bawah tangan adalah nikah yang dilakukan tidak menurut hukum sehingga nikah tersebut kategori nikah liar, sehingga tidak mempunyai akibat hukum, berupa pengakuan dan perlindungan hukum. Sebagaima yang tertuang dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 2006 Tentang Adminstrasi Kependudukan bahwa perkawinan merupakan salah satu peristiwa penting dalan kehidupan seseorang. Peristiwa penting adalah kejadian yang dialami oleh seseorang meliputi kelahiran, kematian, lahir mati, perkawinan, perceraian, pengakuan anak, pengesahan anak dan perubahan status kewarganegaraan. Semua peristiwa penting tersebut wajib dilaporkan dan dicatatkan untuk tertib administrasi dalam kependudukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa nikah siri yang merupakan salah satu peristiwa penting yang tidak dicatatkan pada KUA, sedangkan KUA adalah satuan yang melaksanakan pencatatan nikah, talak, cerai dan rujuk pada tingkat kecamatan bagi penduduk yang beragama Islam. Berdasarkan UU No. 23 Th. 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan juga disebutkan bahwa setiap Warga Negara Indonesia yang melahirkan wajib melaporkan dan mencatatkan kepada instansi pelaksana di tempat terjadinya kelahiran untuk memperoleh akta kelahiran sebagaimana tercantum pada BAB V Pencatatan Sipil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 294, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meski secara agama atau adat istiadat dianggap sah, namun pernikahan siri yang dilakukan di luar pengetahuan dan pengawasan pegawai pencatat nikah tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum dan dianggap tidak sah di mata hukum dan anak yang lahir dari pernikahan siri sulit untuk mendapatkan akta kelahiran karena lahir bukan berdasarkan perkawinan yang sah. UU Kependudukan dan UU Perkawinan sudah mewajibkan suatu perkawinan untuk dicatatkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 460, "width": 212, "height": 301, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melakukan pernikahan siri yang pertama sebagian besar dilakukan bagi mereka yang memang sudah menikah sebelumnya. Kebanyakan yang melakukan adalah diawali oleh status si suami yang sudah menikah, kemudian memilih nikah siri karena akan rumit bila harus mendapatkan ijin dari istri yang sah menurut hukum. Untuk status yang sudah menikah, nikah resmi dengan perempuan lain atau lelaki lain akan sangat sulit kemudian memilih nikah siri (untuk berpoligami) karena ingin mempunyai pasangan nikah lebih dari satu pada saat yang bersamaan, akhirnya si suami melakukan nikah siri karena akan rumit dan sulit bila harus mendapatkan ijin dari istri yang sah menurut hukum, terutama bagi mereka yang masih berstatus nikah resmi dengan seorang perempuan, hal ini juga di atur dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 1 tahun 1974 Bab 1 pasal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "379", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 ayat (1) dalam hal seorang suami akan beristri lagi maka wajib mengajukan permohonan kepada pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlindungan Hukum In Abstracto Bagi Anak Di Bawah Umur", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 143, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda Dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 184, "width": 212, "height": 287, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkawinan anak di bawah umur dapat terjadi karena orang tuamemiliki keterlibatan yang besar. Perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh orang tuadalam mengawinkan anak di bawah umur merupakan sebuah permasalahanhukum yang dalam pengaturannya terjadi pengaturan yang berbeda. Apabilakita melihat dari hukum positif di Indonesia maka sebenarnya perbuatanmengawinkan anak dibawah umur merupakan suatu perbuatan yang melanggar hukum atau dapat dikatakan illegal secara hukum . Banyak sekaliperundang – undangan yang menentang terjadinya perkawinan anak di bawahumur . Selain mencegah terjadinya perkawinan anak di bawah umur makaperundang – undangan yang ada juga memberikan perlindungan terhadapanak. Adapun perundang – undangan tersebut antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 474, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. KUHP.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Undang – Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Undang – Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Sedangkan di sisi lain berlaku pula hukum agama dalam hal ini hukum Islam yang sering dijadikan tameng oleh para pihak gunamelegalkan terjadinya perkawinan dibawah umur. Perkawinan usia muda dapat dikatakan ilegal atau tidak sah karena merupakanbentuk pelanggaran terhadap hukum positif , yaitu terkhusus pelanggaranterhadap Undang – Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbuatan mengawinkan anak dibawah umur tentu tidak terjadibegitu saja tetapi perlu juga dilakukan penelitian mengenai faktor–faktorpendorong apa saja yang menyebabkan terjadinya perkawinan anak dibawah umur. Orang tua yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan sengaja membiarkan dan berupayameraih keuntungan dalam sebuah perkawinan anak di bawah umur dapatdikategorikan pula sebagai tindak pidana , oleh karena itu penulis jugamencoba meniliti mengenai sudut pandang hukum pidana dalam perkaraperkawinan anak di bawah umur , bagaimana pengaturannya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "serta sanksipidana apa yang bisa dijatuhkan bagi orang tua yang memiliki keterlibatandalam perbuatan mengawinkan anak di bawah umur sehingga dapatdipidana untuk memberikan kepastian hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian sanksi pidana terhadap orang tua yang terlibat dalamperkawinan anak di bawah umur merupakan upaya untuk mewujudkankepastian hukum di Indonesia, selain itu tentulah pengaturan mengenaiperkawinan anak dibawah umur harus kembali mengacu kepada hukumpositif yang mempunyai kedudukan hukum lebih tinggi daripada hukumlainnya yang secara tidak langsung tumbuh dan berkembang dimasyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 419, "width": 212, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini juga mengandung pengertian bahwa seluruh rakyatIndonesia harus tunduk pada hukum positif di negara ini.Pemidanaan terhadap para pihak yang mendukung atau turut serta dalam peristiwa perkawinan usia muda haruslah diterapkan hal ini mengingat perkawinan usia muda sendiri memiliki beberapa risiko yang antara lain adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 543, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kematian ibu yang melahirkan; Kematian karena melahirkan banyak dialami oleh ibu muda di bawah umur 20 tahun. Penyebab utama karena kondisi fisik ibu yang belum atau kurangmampu untuk melahirkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 626, "width": 212, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kematian bayi; Bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang berusia muda, banyak yang mengalaminasib yang tidak menguntungkan. Ada yang lahir sebelum waktunya (prematur), ada yang berat badanya kurang dan ada pula yang langsung meninggal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 722, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Hambatan terhadap kehamilan dan persalinan; Selain kematian ibu dan bayi, ibu yang kawin pada usia muda", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "380", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 198, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat pulamengalami perdarahan, kurang darah, persalinan yang lama dan sulit, bahkan kemungkinan menderita kanker pada mulut rahim di kemudianhari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Persoalan ekonomi; Pasangan-pasangan yang menikah pada usia muda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 103, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "umumnya belum", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 207, "top": 170, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cukupmemiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 198, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengetahuan dan keterampilan, sehingga sukar mendapatkanpekerjaan dengan penghasilan yang memadai, penghasilan yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 198, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rendahdapat meretakkan keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Persoalan kedewasaan; Kedewasaan seseorang sangat berhubungan erat dengan usianya, usiamuda (12-19 tahun) memperlihatkan keadaan jiwa yang selalu berubah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 212, "height": 273, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu perkawinan yang sudah dicatatkan pada kantor catatan sipil memiliki kekuatan hukum yang tetap dan pengakuan Negara atas perkawinan tersebut. Anak-anak atau keturunan yang lahir dari perkawinan tersebut akan dengan mudah mendapatkan status sebagai anak sah. Dalam hal pencatatan kelahiran dari anak sah tersebut akan memberikan kepastian hukum. Itulah kegunaannya suatu perkawinan yang dicatatkan pada kantor catatan sipil. Sebelum melakukan pencatatan perkawinan, pasangan suami istri harus melakukan perkawinan menurut hukum agama masing-masing. Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2) UU Perkawinan, suatu perkawinan yang sah harus melakukan perkawinan menurut hukum agama mereka masing-masing serta dicatatkan pada kantor catatan sipil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pencatatan tersebut akan adanya akta perkawinan yang dipegang oleh masing- masing pasangan. Tetapi jika perkawinannya belum melakukan upacara keagamaan maka tidak dapat dicatatkan hal ini sesuai dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2)- nya UU Perkawinan yang menjelaskan perkawinan secara agama dan secara Negara saling berkaitan. Suatu perkawinan yang akan dilaksanakan tidak melakukan prosesi perkawinan secara agama atau kata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lain jika perkawinan tersebut tidak dilaksanakannya upacara keagamaan, maka akibat hukum dari perkawinan tersebut ialah pada Pasal 22 UU perkawinan yang mana perkawinan tersebut dapat dibatalkan karena tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat dari sahnya suatu perkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Semakin tertunda kebutuhan untuk mengawinkan anak-anak, para orang tuamenyadari bahwa persiapan yang lebih lama diperlukan untuk menjamin masadepan anak-anaknya, sekolah dulu sebelum mengawinkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 486, "top": 253, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecendrunganini terutama terjadi pada masyarakat di kota-kota besar atau di kalanganmasyarakat kelas sosial ekonomi menengah atas.Kecendrungan pada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan usia perkawinan initernyata didukung juga oleh UU yang berlaku di Repoblik Indonesia yaitu UU No.1/1974. Dengan adanya UU tersebut yang pelaksanaanya cukup ketat di lapangan,maka terbataslah kesempatan untuk menikah di bawah usia yang ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 432, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terlebih lagi, pemerintah sendiri melalui program KB berusaha untuk lebihmeningkatkan lagi batas usia perkawinan ke umur 20 tahun untuk wanita, denganpertimbangan bahwa kehamilan pada wanita di bawah usia 20 tahun adalahkehamilan beresiko tinggi sehingga harus di hindari.Pihak individu- individu yang bersangkutan itu sendiri sehingga dengan kata lainada sejumlah faktor yang menyebabkan orang memilih untuk tidakmenikah sementara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sudah lebih dari satu dasawarsa Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun1974 tentang Perkawinan telah dilaksanakan secara nasional di Indonesia.Undang – Undang ini telah memberikan landasan atau dasar hukum darisistem perkawinan di Indonesia. Hukum ini mencakup pihak- pihak, yakniPemerintah dan aparaturnya, dan sisi lainnya adalah masyarakat Indonesia.Undang Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 telah menampung dengan semaksimalmungkin nilai-nilai perkawinan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "381", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dihayati oleh bangsa Indonesia namun dilain pihak menampung pula unsur-unsur dan ketentuan hukum agama dankepercayaan masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan perkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepastian hukum dalam perkawinan sangat diperlukan, maka suatuperkawinan adalah sah bilamana dilakukan menurut hukum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 184, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masing-masingagama", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 184, "width": 212, "height": 176, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan kepercayaan serta dicatat menurut perundang-undangan yangberlaku sebagai prinsip legalitas. Sedangkan prinsip lain yang dianut olehUndang Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan ialah asasmonogami. Pengecualian dapat terjadi bilamana dikehendaki oleh yangbersangkutan, sepanjang hukum dan agama mengizinkannya. Terdapat pula pembatasan usia kawin yakni calon mempelai pria 19 tahun dan calonmempelai wanita 16 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 363, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembatasan ini mengandung maksud, bahwa calonsuami istri itu harus matang jiwa dan raganya untuk dapat melangsungkanperkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 212, "height": 287, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usia perkawinan yang terlalu muda mengakibatkanmeningkatnya kasus perceraian karena kurangnya kesadaran untukbertanggungjawab dalam kehidupan berumah tangga bagi suami-istri.Batas usia kawin yang lebih rendah pada kenyataanya mengakibatkanlaju kelahiran yang lebih tinggi jika dibanding dengan batas usia kawin yanglebih tinggi. Pembatasan usia kawin ini mempunyai hubungan dengan masalahkependudukan. Untuk itulah, Undang Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 membatasi yang sekaligus sebagai syarat dari suatu perkawinan yangdicantumkan dalam Bab II Undang Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 harusdipatuhi oleh pihak - pihak yang berkepentingan. Tetapi pada kenyataankehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat kurang menyadari akan pentingnyapembatasan usia kawin yang ditentukan dalam undang-undang tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahkan ada masyarakat yang melanggar norma-norma hukum tersebut karenaadanya kekhawatiran anak perempuannya menjadi perawan tua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk itu,maka tidak jarang pula para orang tua menempuh berbagai cara seperti kawinsiri (nikah yang dilakukan secara agama Islam, tapi tidak di catat padapencatat nikah) atau kawin paksa yang jelas-jelas melanggar Undang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 156, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UndangNomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlindungan Hukum In Concrito Bagi Anak Di Bawah Umur Dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkawinan Usia Muda Dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 253, "width": 212, "height": 453, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batasan umur dewasa, yang selama ini menjadi satu polemic dan merupakan satu batu pijakan diberlakukannya hukum positif atas tindakan seseorang dalam ranah hukum, dan upaya dari pemerintah untuk keluar dari tata nilai adat maupun Hukum Tuhan yang bersifat mutklak ( sebagai pembanding hanya akan dibatasi pada sudut pandang hukum Islam ),tampak berbagai keganjilan sebagai berikut : bahwa batasan usia dewasa yang dalam Islam ( kebenaran Tuhan ) ditentukan melalui perpaduan antara baligh & mumayis tanpa menentukan usia, ditantang oleh manusia yang mencoba mengungguli Allah ( kebenaran Tuhan ) untuk dijabarkan oleh manusia dengan menentukan batas umur dewasa dengan berbagai alasan dimana secara umum batas umur dewasa adalah 21 tahun dengan berbagai ketentuan lain berupa pendewasaan khusus yang bisa dimohonkan sejak seseorang berusia 16 th, dengan rincianPendewasaan berdasar KUH Perdata , seseorang dapat diberikan hak menjadi dewasa khusus untuk urusan tertentu sejak berusia 18th, maka UU Perkawinan memberikan batasan menjadi dewasa bagi perempuan hanya untuk menikah setelah berusia 16 Th. Sedangkan tanpa basa-basi undang-undang perlindungan anak menentukan bahwa usia dewasa adalah 18 tahun.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 708, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya baik KUH Perdata maupun Pidana menentukan Dewasa adalah bila seseorang berusia 21 tahun atau sudah berkawin ( menikah ) dan apa bila", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "382", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terjadi pemutusan perkawinan sebelum seseorang berusia 21 tahun baik karena perceraian maupun salah satu meninggal dunia status kedewasaannya tidak dicabut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 212, "height": 356, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada prinsipnya perkawinan adalah sah apa bila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agama dan kepercayaannya itu. ( UU Perkawinan Pasal 2 ayat 1 )Tidak ada sanksi apapun bagi orang tua atau wali yang menikahkan anaknya dalam usia dibawah 21 tahun asal dilaksanakan sesuai dengan hukum masing-masing agama dan kepercayaan. Bila Undang-undang perlindungan anak dengan tegas menyatakan bahwa seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun masih dianggap anak- anak dan membutuhkan perlindungan dari orang tua dari segala bentuk pengeksploitasian anak , yang dipermasalahkan sekarang adalah apakah menikahkan anak yang belum berusia 18th merupakan satu tindakan mengeksploatasi anak ?Apakah seseorang yang memberikan izin pernikahan dibawah 18 tahun itu satu pelanggaran ? sedangkan dalam UU perkawinan dijelaskan seorang perempuan dapat melakukan perkawinan pada usia serendah-rendahnya 16 th dan laki-laki 19 th. Setelah mendapat ijin dari kedua orang tuanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu definisi dewasa menurut KUH Pidana/Perdata adalah sudah berusia 21 tahun atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 246, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sudah/pernah berkawin/menikah.Sedangkan menikah menurut Pasal 2 ayat 1 UU Perkawinan adalah, sah apa bila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agama dan kepercayaannya itu.UU perlindungan anak berusaha untuk menjerat orang tua atau wali yang tidak mencegah terjadinya perkawinan pada usia anak-anak.Pasal 26 ayat (1) Orang tua berkewajiban dan bertanggung jawab untuk: c. mencegah terjadinya perkawinan pada usia anak- anak.Itu bertentangan dengan UU Perkawinan pasal 6 ayat (1) Perkawinan didasarkan atas persetujuan kedua calon mempelai dan ayat (2) Untuk melangsungkan perkawinan seorang yang belum mencapai umur 21 (duapuluh satu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 205, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahun harus mendapat ijin orang tua.Apa salahnya seorang tua memberi ijin anaknya untuk menikah dengan harapan diperolehnya berbagai kebaikan bagi masa depan anaknya ? oleh sebab itu hal ini amatlah erat kaitannya dengan masalah pendidikan, yang mana mengenai masalah pendidikan dalam Islam itu sudah diajarkan waktunya, bentuknya bahkan caranya yang semuanya tidak akan terhalang oleh adanya satu pernikahan.Pendidikan dalam Islam itu sejak dalam kandungan sampai liang lahat,tidak akan berhenti hanya karena adanya pernikahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 219, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Islam tidak perlu UU Perlindungan anak dari perilaku orang tuanya karena Islam telah mengatur kewajiban orang tua terhadap anak sudah dengan sangat jelas. Perilaku menyimpang orang tua terhadap anaknya menjadi kewajiban pemerintah untuk meluruskannya.Anak-anak terlantar akan secara langsung dilindungi oleh Negara, tindakan mengekspoitasi anak juga terlarang dalam Islam. Tidak ada salahnya bila UU Perlindungan anak tidak mencampur adukkan antara pernikahan dibawah usia 21 th. yang diijinkan orang tuanya dengan penjualan anak kerumah bordil atau sejenisnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 501, "width": 212, "height": 260, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalau ada anak terlantar, ada anak dijadikan komoditi, ada anak di eksploitir itu sama sekali tidak ada kaitannya dengan pernikahan secara Islam dalam usia yang oleh UU Perlindungan anak dianggap melanggar hukum. Menikah dalam Islam itu bukan melanggar hukum, dewasa dalam Islam itu tidak dibatasi usia akan tetapi baligh dan mumayis. Dalam tulisan sebelumnya sudah terbuktikan bahwa ukuran dewasa dengan pengertian baligh dan mumayis jauh lebih rasional, jauh lebih bisa dipertanggung jawabkan bila dibanding dengan pembatasan usia , baik itu 21 th, 19 th, 16 th dan sebagainya. Perlindungan hukum adalah suatu perlindungan yang diberikan terhadap subyek hukum. Dalam bentuk perangkat hukum baik yang bersifat preventif yakni", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "383", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bentuk perlindungan hukum dimana kepada rakyat diberi kesempatan untuk mengajukan keberatan atau pendapatnya sebelum suatu keputusan pemerintah mendapat bentuk yang definitive maupun yang bersifat represif yakni bentuk perlindungan hukum dimana lebih ditujukan dalam penyelesian sengketa, baik yang tertulis maupun tidak tertulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan kata lain perlindungan hukum sebagai suatu gambaran dari fungsi hukum, yaitu konsep dimana hukum dapat memberikan suatu keadilan, ketertiban, kepastian, kemanfaatan dan kedamaian. Beberapa unsur kata Perlindungan: 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Melindungi: menutupi supaya tidak terlihat/tampak, menjaga, memelihara, merawat, menyelamatkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 322, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perlindungan; proses, cara, perbuatan tempat berlindung, hal (perbuatan), memperlindungi (menjadikan atau menyebabkan berlindung).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pelindung: orang yang melindungi, alat untuk melindungi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Terlindung: tertutup oleh sesuatu hingga tidak kelihatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 432, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Lindungan : yang dilindungi, cak tempat berlindung, cak perbuatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Memperlindungi: menjadikan atau menyebabkan berlindung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Melindungkan: membuat diri terlindungi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam UU Perkawinan pasal 1 menjelaskan bahwa “perkawinan ikatan lahir dan batin antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia Dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”. Serta dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2) UU Perkawinan menjelaskan bahwa sahnya suatu perkawinan menurut hukum agamanya yang dianut serta dicatatkan pada kantor catatan sipil agar mendapatkan suatu kepastian hukum atau perlindungan hukum dalam suatu perkawian yang telah dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 203, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 www.artikata.com/artiperlindungan.html, diakses pada tanggal 27 Maret 2014.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 260, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu perkawinan telah dilakukan secara sah maka dengan sendirinya akan menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban antara suami-istri, orangtua ke anak. Dalam Pasal 30-34 UU Perkawinan mengatur mengenai hak dan kewajiban suami istri. Pasal 30 UU Perkawinan menjelaskan mengenai suami dan istri memikul kewajiban yang luhur untuk menegakkan rumah tangga yang menjadi sendi dasar dari susunan masyarakat. Pasal 34 UU Perkawinan menjelaskan bahwa suami wajib melindungi istrinya dan memberikan segala sesuatu keperluan hidup berumah tangga sesuai dengan kemampuannya dan dalam ayat (3)-nya jika suami dan istri melalaikan kewajibannya masing-masing dapat mengajukan gugatan kepada pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 336, "width": 212, "height": 314, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bilamana syarat sahnya suatu perkawinan tidak dilaksanakan secara benar adanya, tidak dilakukan sesuai hukum agama namun dicatatkan pada kantor catatan sipil, hal ini sangat merugikan salah satu pihak maupun keduanya. Suatu perkawinan yang hanya dilaksanakan pencatatan saja, perkawinan itu tidak sah, karena suatu perkawinan bersifat sakral, jadi diharuskan melakukan pencatatan seperti yang dikatakan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) UU Perkawinan. Jika suatu perkawinan tidak dilakukan sesuai syarat sahnya perkawinan maka Perkawinan tersebut tidak dapat perlindungan hukum. Penjelasan di atas yang sangat sering terjadi di masyarakat banyak hal-hal yang sering bertolak belakang dengan suatu peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah mengatur setiap warga negaranya termasuk dalam hal perkawinan. Maka dari itu perlunya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat agar mendapat suatu perlindungan hukum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 653, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pria dan wanita melakukan perkawinan mempunyai tujuan yang sangat diharapkan oleh keduanya yaitu keturunan. Dalam UU Perkawinan mengatur mengenai hak dan kewajiban orangtua terhadap anak dalam Pasal 45 sampai dengan Pasal 49, dalam Pasal 45 ayat (1) menyatakan kedua orang tua wajib", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "384", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memelihara dan mendidik anak-anak mereka sebaik-baiknya, ayat (2) kewajiban orang tua yang dimaksud dalam ayat (1) pasal ini berlaku sampai anak itu kawin atau dapat berdiri sendiri, kewajiban berlaku terus meskipun perkawinan antara kedua orangtuanya putus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 170, "width": 212, "height": 232, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam UU Perkawinan mengatur mengenai hak dan kewajiban orangtua dan hak dan kewajiban anak terhadap orangtuanya. Anak adalah seseorang yang tercipta karena adanya cinta dari kedua orangtuanya, sudah selayaknya orangtua memperhatikan tumbuh kembang anak mereka dan masa depan anak-anak yang lahir dari perkawinan tersebut. Seorang anak yang dilahirkan harus mendapatkan akta kelahiran yang menandakan jati dirinya. Namun untuk mendapatkan akta kelahiran pegawai pencatatan sipil meminta akta perkawinan dari kedua orangtuanya tujuannya untuk melihat apakah perkawinan yang telah dilakukan sah menurut hukum dan agamanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 212, "height": 190, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkawinan bagi anak di bawah umur pada intinya dapat diajukan upaya pembatalan perkawinan, yang diajukan atas dasar kondisi psikologis anak tersebut yang masih rentan dan belum stabil untuk membentuk mahligai rumah tangga, Menurut UU Perkawinan, pada prinsipnya perkawinan dapat dibatalkan apabila para pihak tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk melangsungkan perkawinan. Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 22 sampai Pasal 28 UU Perkawinan, sedangkan hal untuk mengajukan pembatalan perkawinan diatur didalam Pasal 23 UU Perkawinan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Para keluarga dalam garis keturunan lurus ke atas dari suami atau istri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Suami dan istri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pejabat yang berwenang hanya selama perkawinan belum diputuskan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pejabat yang ditunjuk menurut Pasal 16 ayat (2) UU Perkawinan ini dan setiap orang yang mempunyai kepentingan hukum secara langsung terhadap perkawinan tersebut, tetapi hanya setelah perkawinan itu putus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 71, "width": 212, "height": 207, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 24 ditegaskan bahwa “barang siapa karena perkawinan masih terikat dirinya dengan salah satu dari kedua belah pihak dan atas dasar masih adanya perkawinan dapat mengajukan pembatalan perkawinan yang baru, dengan tidak mengurangi ketentuan Pasal 3 ayat (2) dan Pasal 4 UU Perkawinan”. Di dalam Pasal 25 mengatur mengenai tempat diajukannya permohonan pembatalan perkawinan ini, permohonan pembatalan perkawinan diajukan kepada pengadilan dalam daerah hukum dimana perkawinan dilangsungkan atau di tempat tinggal kedua suami istri, suami atau istri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Pasal 26 UU Perkawinan dijelaskan bahwa pembatalan perkawinan juga dapat dilakukan oleh wali nikahnya yang mana dalam pasal 26 menjelaskan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 336, "width": 212, "height": 121, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perkawinan yang dilangsungkan di muka pegawai pencatat perkawinan yang tidak berwenang, wali nikah yang tidak sah atau yang dilangsungkan tanpa dihadiri oleh dua orang saksi dapat dimintakan pembatalannya oleh para keluarga dalam garis keturunan lurus ke atas dari suami istri, jaksa dan suami atau istri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 460, "width": 212, "height": 121, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hak untuk membatalkan oleh suami atau istri berdasarkan alasan dalam ayat (1) pasal ini gugur apabila mereka telah hidup bersama sebagai suami istri dan dapat memperlihatkan akta perkawinan yang dibuat pegawai pencatat perkawinan yang tidak berwenang dan perkawinan harus diperbaharui supaya sah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 584, "width": 212, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tetapi jika suatu perkawinan yang sudah mencapai lebih dari 6 bulan maka suatu pembatalan tidak dapat dilakukan mengingat Pasal 26 dan Pasal 27 UU Perkawinan, menyatakan bahwa jika lebih dari jangka waktu 6 bulan untuk mengajukan permohonan pembatalan para pihak tidak mengajukan gugatan pembatan maka hak untuk mengajukan gugatan gugur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 722, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hukum Islam prosedur pembatalan perkawinan dapat dimohonkan kepada Pengadilan Agama diwilayah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "385", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 136, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hukum tempat tinggal suami atau isteri atau tempat perkawinan dilangsungkan. Perkawinan batal dimulai setelah putusan Pengadilan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap dan berlaku sejak saat berlangsungnya perkawinan ketentuan ini diatur dalam Pasal 28 UU Perkawinan ayat (1) dan (2), pembatalan suatu perkawinan tidak berlaku surut terhadap anak-anak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 212, "height": 219, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kontroversi mengenai pernikahan dengan anak di bawah umur kembali mengemuka seiring dengan terkuak kisah pernikahan ‘kilat’ Bupati Garut Aceng Fikri. Aktivis perlindungan anak Seto Mulyadi bahkan sampai melaporkan Aceng ke kepolisian atas dugaan pelanggaran UU No 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.Cerita tentang perkawinan dengan anak di bawah umur bukan pertama kali ini terjadi. Beberapa tahun lalu, media juga memberitakan antara pria yang biasa disapa Syeh Puji yang menikahi seorang bocah. Syeh Puji bahkan harus melakoni persidangan atas pernikahannya itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 432, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI), mengutip data Kementerian Agama pada 2009, bahkan menyatakan bahwa sekitar 34,4 persen dari 2,5 juta perkawinan atau sekira 600 ribu pasangan yang menikah adalah mereka yang menikah di usia dini.Para aktivis perlindungan hak anak tentu tak nyaman dengan data itu. Mereka beranggapan bahwa akan banyak hak anak yang terampas ketika mereka terikat -apalagi dipaksa terikat- oleh lembaga pernikahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementerian Agama sebagai salah satu instansi yang bertanggung jawab atas urusan penyelenggaraan perkawinan sadar atas hak anak itu. Makanya kementerian telah menegaskan kepada jajarannya di tingkat Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) untuk tidak mengizinkan perkawinan di bawah umur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun mengenai bentuk perlindungan bagi anak dalam peristiwa perkawinan usia muda dan perkawinan siri dapat dilihat dari rumusan Pasal 88", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 23tentang Perlindungan kemudian bentuk lebih lanjut dari perlindungan tersebut juga dapat dilihat dariPasal 290 ke-2 KUHP Jo pasal 56ke-2 KUHP. Adapun bunyi dari pasal- pasal tersebut yaitu sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 156, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 88 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 168, "width": 212, "height": 96, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Setiap orang yang mengeksploitasi ekonomi atau seksual anak denganmaksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain, dipidanadengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau dendapaling banyak Rp 200.000.000,00 (dua ratus juta rupiah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 290 ke-2 KUHP, Barang siapa melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan seseorang , padahal iatahu atau sepatutnya harus diduganya , bahwa umur orang itu belumlima belas tahun atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas yang bersangkutanbelum waktunya dikawinkan juncto.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 363, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 56 KUHP, Dipidana sebagai orang yang melakukan kejahatan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 391, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. mereka yang dengan sengaja memberi bantuan pada waktu kejahatan itu dilakukan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 432, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. mereka yang dengan sengaja memberi kesempatan , sarana atauketerangan untuk melakukan kejahatan itu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 474, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya apabila dikaitkan dengan kasus perkawinan syekh Puji dengan ulvah maka dapat diuraiakn bahwa peristiwa tersebut telah memenuhi unsur-unsur Pasal 88 Undang-Undang Perlindungan anak, yang dapat diuraiak sebagai berikut:pembuktian dari beberapa unsur tindak pidana yang terkandung dalam Pasal88 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, yaituantara lain adalah :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 626, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Unsur Setiap Orang;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 639, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Unsur Mengeksploitasi Ekonomi atau Seksual Anak;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 667, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Unsur dengan Maksud Menguntungkan Diri Sendiri atau Orang Lain Usulan pemerintah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 695, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk mempidanakan nikah siri mengundang beragam reaksi. Kementerian Agama menyerahkan RUU Peradilan Agama tentang Perkawinan yang membahas nikah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "386", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 343, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "siri, poligami, dan kawin kontrak kepada presiden untuk diajukan ke DPR. Menurut rancangan undang-undang itu, orang-orang yang tidak melaporkan pernikahan secara hukum terancam hukuman penjara maksimal tiga bulan dan denda maksimal lima juta rupiah. Direktur Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam Kementerian Agama Nasaruddin Umar mengatakan perubahan ini diusulkan karena akhir-akhir ini semakin banyak penyalahgunaan pernikahan siri dan mut'ah atau kawin kontrak, sehingga nasib wanita dan anak- anak hasil pernikahan tersebut tidak terjamin. Dalam Islam pernikahan itu sakral dan suci, bukan hanya kontrak antara manusia dengan manusia, tetapi juga dengan Tuhan. UU Kependudukan dan UU Perkawinan sudah mewajibkan suatu perkawinan dicatatkan. Namun, kedua UU tersebut tidak mengatur sanksinya, wacana munculnya RUU peradilan Agama karena dua UU tersebut tidak mampu menekan angka perceraian dan penyelewengan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 212, "height": 259, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementerian Agama mencatat, 48 persen dari 80 juta anak di Indonesia lahir dari proses perkawinan yang tidak tercatat, artinya, 35 juta anak di Indonesia sulit mendapatkan surat lahir, kartu tanda penduduk, hak-hak hukum seperti hak waris, dan sebagainya. Ada kecenderungan sekarang ini di kalangan masyarakat yang melakukan nikah siri atau kawin mut'ah . Begitu gampangnya mereka melakukan perkawinan, tetapi juga begitu mudahnya melakukan perceraian, meningkatnya praktek ini dalam beberapa tahun terakhir menimbulkan gelombang perceraian yang sangat tinggi, yaitu sekitar 200 ribu orang per tahun di antara 2 juta orang yang menikah, padahal sebelumnya angka perceraian rata-rata tiap tahun hanya sekitar 50.000 orang. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pernikahan merupakan legalisasi penyatuan antara laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai suami istri oleh institusi agama,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 202, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Kliping.depag. go.id. diakses pada tanggal 27 Maret 2014.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 316, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 136, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemerintah atau kemasyarakatan yang memenuhi legal procedure . Salah satu jenis pernikahan yang tidak memenuhi legal procedure adalah nikah siri. Nikah siri dianggap sah oleh penduduk setempat karena sah menurut agama Islam tetapi melanggar ketentuan pemerintah. Konsepsi dan pemaknaan nikah siri tetap eksis dari waktu ke waktu dan pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk \"merahasiakan\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 211, "width": 212, "height": 191, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pernikahan agar ada pihak-pihak tertentu yang tidak mengetahui terjadinya pernikahan tersebut, pemaknaan nikah siri dari sisi konsep ajaran Islam, merupakan bentuk pernikahan yang secara substantif di dalamnya terdapat indikasi kekurangan syarat dan rukun perkawinan walaupun secara formal terpenuhi, sementara dari sisi terminologi sosiologis masyarakat Indonesia dalam kerangka normatif perundang-undangan perkawinan, dimaknai pada setiap pernikahan yang tidak dicatatkan oleh lembaga yang berwenang mengurusi pernikahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 419, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 432, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Faktor – faktor yang dapat mendorong terjadinya perkawinan anak dibawah umur dan perkawinan siri ternyata sangatlah kompleks dan meliputi berbagai aspek, adapun faktor – faktor tersebut adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 515, "width": 198, "height": 108, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Faktor Ekonomi. Faktor ini merupakan faktor utama yang mendorongterjadinya perkawinan dibawah umur dan perkawinan siri dimana orangtua dapat terbebas dari tanggung jawab orang tua dan kondisi perekonomiankeluarganya dapat berubah menjadi lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 626, "width": 198, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Faktor Kesadaran dan Pemahaman Hukum. Kurangnya kesadaran dan pemahaman hokum dari pasangan yang melakukan perkawinan usia muda dan perkawinan siri dengan tujuan tercapainya keinginan absolut tanpa menyadari akibat yang timbul dari perkawinan tersebut yaitu eksploitasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 736, "width": 184, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ", kematian ibu melahirkan, dan terjadinya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "387", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 183, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perceraian dimana korban adalah istri dan anak yang tidak jelas status hukumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 115, "width": 198, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Faktor Kemauan. Faktor ini turut mendukung dimana kondisi psikologis seorang anak yang masih labil mempengaruhinya untuksulit menentukan mana perbuatan yang baik dan benar serta tanggung jawab dan akibat perkawinan yaitu mengenai bebantanggung jawab yang harus dipikul dalam menjalani hidup berkeluargaserta kewajibannya dalam melayani suami dan keluarganya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 232, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Adapun bentuk perlindungan hukum in abstractio bagi anak dalam perkawinan usia muda perkawinan siri adalah memastikan bahwa perkawinan tersebut sah dan segera dicatatkan, dengan kata lain Perkawinan harus didahului hukum agama masing-masing karena hukum agamalah yang menentukan sah tidaknya suatu perkawinan. Setelah melakukan perkawinan dengan hukum agama, kedua mempelai di minta untuk mencatatkan pada kantor catatan sipil, gunanya mencatatkan perkawinan yang dilakukan secara administrasi agar kedua mempelai sama-sama memiliki perlindungan hukum terutama untuk wanita dan anak-anaknya tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 246, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Adapun bentuk perlindungan hukum inconcrito bagi anak dalam perkawinan usia muda perkawinan siri adalah memastikan bahwa ancaman pidana sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang perlindungan anak dilakasakan dengan efektif dan efisien yang harus diterapkan pada semua pihak yang mengekspoitasi anak tersebut dalam suatu ikatan perkawinan yang terlalu dini untuk dilakukan, tidak terlepas pula dari orang tua kandung anak tersebut, karena tidak menutup kemungkinan perkawinan tersebut terjadi karena desakan dan pakasaan dari orang tua kandung anak yang bersangkutan, hal ini penting untuk dilakukan demi memberikan efek jera", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 198, "height": 205, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepada pelaku maupun para pihak yang terlibat dan bagi masyarakat supaya tidak melakukan tindakan yang sama dan bagi perkawinan usia muda untuk segera upaya pembatalan perkawinan, yang diajukan atas dasar kondisi psikologis anak tersebut yang masih rentan dan belum stabil untuk membentuk mahligai rumah tangga, Menurut UU Perkawinan, pada prinsipnya perkawinan dapat dibatalkan apabila para pihak tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk melangsungkan perkawinan. Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 22 sampai Pasal 28 UU Perkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 294, "width": 113, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA Buku-Buku", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 322, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdurrahman, Masalah-masalah Hukum Perkawinan Di Indonesia, Penerbit Alumni, Bandung, 1978 Kartini Kartono, Psikologi Anak (Psikologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 377, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan), Mandar Maju,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 391, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandung: 1999", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 405, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Djoko Prakoso dan I Ketut Murtika, 1987,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 419, "width": 212, "height": 121, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azas-azas perkawinan di Indonesia , PT. Bina Aksara, Jakarta. Maria Ulfah Soebadio, 1981, Perjuangan Untuk Mencapai Undang-undang Perkawinan, Idayu, Jakarta. Taufiqurrohman Syahuri, 2013, Legislasi Hukum Perkawinan Di Indonesia, pro-kontra Pembentukannya Hingga Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 543, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kencana Prenada Media Group,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 557, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 570, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wantjik Saleh. 1982 .Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia.Jakarta:Ghalia Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asmin, 1986, Status Perkawinan Antar Agama Ditinjau dari Undang- undang Perkawinan No.1 tahun 1974, PT. Dian Rakyat, Jakarta. Duncan J. Bioy, 1995, Family law, Head of department of law and finance University of Glamorgan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 695, "width": 143, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Soedjito Tjokrowisastro,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 695, "width": 184, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedoman Penyelenggaraan, Catatan Sipil, PT. Bina Aksara, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol.18 No.2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 771, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "388", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 784, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perkawinan Usia Muda dan Perkawinan Siri", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ME. Rodgers, 2004, Understanding Family Law, Cavendish Publishing Limited, London. Sudarsono, Hukum Perkawinan Nasional,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2010. Soedjito Tjokrowisastro, 1985, Pedoman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 213, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyelenggaraan Catatan Sipil, PT. Bina Aksara, Jakarta. Amir Syarifuddin, Hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia, Antara Fiqh Munakahat dan Undang-undang Perkawinan , Kencana, Jakarta, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. 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Hazairin, Tinjauan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 201, "top": 349, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 363, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 377, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerbit Tintamas,Jakarta, 1975.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Perundang-Undangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 212, "height": 121, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 Tentang Administrasi Kependudukan Undang-undang No.32 tahun 1954 tentang Pencatatan Nikah, Talak dan Rujuk Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 557, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PutusanPengadilan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 570, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putusan Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 211, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1399.K/Pid/1994 Surat Tuntutan Kejaksaan Negeri Ambarawa dengan Nomor Registrasi Perkara: PDM-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 639, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63/0.3.42/EP.2/10/2009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 49, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Web Site", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "www.artikata.com/artiperlindungan.html, diakses pada tanggal 27 Maret 2014. www.Kliping.depag. go.id.diakses pada tanggal 27 Maret 2014.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 126, "top": 50, "width": 359, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education, Vol. 04, No. 2 (2024): 135-144", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "135", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 164, "top": 77, "width": 286, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2798-1088 | P-ISSN: 2776-4060 | DOI: 10.52562/jdle.v4i2.1222", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 100, "width": 294, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 199, "top": 131, "width": 215, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://journal.moripublishing.com/index.php/jdle", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 168, "width": 448, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Influence of the Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE) Learning Model on Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) in Elementary Schools", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 231, "width": 308, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shalimar Azzahra, Fitri Nuraeni*, Afridha Laily Alindra PGSD, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Purwakarta, 41115, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 281, "width": 357, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: 06 July 2024 / Accepted: 02 August 2024 / Published: 26 August 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 313, "width": 464, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: This study addresses the issue of low student learning outcomes attributed to the frequent use of conventional teaching methods by educators in elementary schools. The Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE) learning model is proposed as a potential solution to enhance these outcomes. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of implementing the ICARE learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes in science and social studies (IPAS) in elementary schools. Additionally, the study compares the improvement of cognitive outcomes between students taught using the ICARE model and those taught using traditional methods. This quasi-experimental research employs a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The findings reveal that the application of the ICARE learning model significantly influences cognitive learning outcomes in IPAS subjects, with an effect size of 46.2%. Furthermore, students instructed through the ICARE model demonstrate greater improvement in cognitive learning outcomes compared to those who receive conventional instruction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 457, "width": 464, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: ICARE Learning Model, Cognitive Learning Outcomes, IPAS, Elementary Education, Teaching Methods", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 502, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 515, "width": 467, "height": 92, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Education is one of the most crucial aspects of human life. It has the power to transform and shape the future of both individuals and nations. The quality of education in a nation is a key determinant of its human resources' quality; thus, a nation with a robust education system will likely produce highly skilled and knowledgeable citizens. Education is closely linked to the process of learning. Learning, as described by Suardi (2018) , is the assistance provided by educators to students, facilitating the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and shaping beliefs and behaviors.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 608, "width": 467, "height": 131, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In reality, education in Indonesia faces significant challenges, particularly in the context of science education. According to data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in December 2023, Indonesia ranked among the bottom 15 in science out of 81 participating countries, with student performance falling below the average PISA scores ( Rizky et al., 2024 ). The low achievement in science learning is evident even at the elementary school level, where several studies have indicated that students' science learning outcomes are often below the minimum competency standards (KKM). The factors contributing to these poor outcomes include a lack of understanding of fundamental concepts, which begins during the early stages of learning a subject, educators' skills in delivering material, and the appropriateness of instructional design and implementation ( Nabillah & Abadi, 2019 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 739, "width": 467, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One effective way to improve student learning outcomes is by employing appropriate teaching models that can help achieve learning objectives more efficiently and effectively. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "136", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "teaching model plays a vital role in the learning process, directly influencing students' activities as they engage with the material, which in turn affects their learning outcomes. Rahmawati (2022) notes that using the right teaching model can make it easier for students to master the material, leading to better and improved learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 129, "width": 467, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Given these challenges, it is necessary to implement a teaching model that can enhance student learning outcomes, such as the ICARE (Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend) model. The ICARE model encourages students to build their own knowledge, develop higher- order thinking skills, stay motivated and engaged, and foster curiosity ( Mufidah et al., 2020 ). This model allows students to apply or practice what they have learned, providing a balanced approach between theory and practice. As a result, students are expected to easily understand complex topics such as energy transformation, as presented by the teacher. Additionally, the ICARE model offers schools the opportunity to align the curriculum structure with the needs and characteristics of students and their environmental conditions. Based on these considerations, the researcher is interested in conducting a study titled \"The Influence of the Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE) Learning Model on Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) in Elementary Schools.\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 297, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 310, "width": 467, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study employs a quasi-experimental research design, specifically using \"The Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design,\" to compare learning outcomes between an experimental group and a control group. In this design, the experimental group is administered a pretest at the beginning of the study, followed by the intervention, and a posttest at the end of the study. The quasi-experimental approach involves two groups: one serving as the experimental group, which receives instruction using the ICARE learning model, and the other as the control group, which continues with conventional teaching methods. The study was conducted at SDN 2 Cilandak, with a sample consisting of 31 students from Grade IV A and 31 students from Grade IV B.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 467, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The instruments used in this research include tests and documentation. According to Munadi (2018) , a test is a set of questions or tasks that must be answered or performed by the participants to measure a specific aspect of their knowledge or skills. The tests used in this study are pretests and posttests designed to assess students' cognitive learning outcomes, comprising 7 multiple-choice questions and 5 essay questions. Documentation involves collecting data from various documents relevant to the study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 518, "width": 126, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prerequisite Analysis Tests", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normality Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 545, "width": 467, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The normality test is conducted to determine whether the collected data follows a normal distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, performed using SPSS, is used for this purpose. The testing criteria are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 584, "width": 328, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₀ and reject H ₁ if the significance value (Sig.) is ≥ 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 348, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Reject H ₀ and accept H ₁ if the significance value (Sig.) is < 0.05. Hypotheses:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 624, "width": 229, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₀ : The data follows a normal distribution.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 637, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₁ : The data does not follow a normal distribution.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 650, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the normality test for the pretest data in the experimental and control groups are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 686, "width": 407, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Normality Test Results for Pretest Data in Experimental and Control Groups Learning Outcome Group Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic Df Sig. Pretest Experimental 0.122 31 0.200 Pretest Control 0.160 31 0.042 Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 467, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The normality test results in Table 1 show differing significance values for the experimental and control groups. The experimental group has a significance value of 0.200, which is greater than 0.05, indicating that H ₀ is accepted, and the data follows a normal distribution. In contrast, the control group has a significance value of 0.042, which is less than 0.05, indicating that H ₁ is accepted, and the data does not follow a normal distribution.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 142, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The normality test results for the posttest data in the experimental and control groups are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 178, "width": 414, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Normality Test Results for Posttest Data in Experimental and Control Groups", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 192, "width": 388, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Learning Outcome Group Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic Df Sig. Posttest Experimental 0.146 31 0.089 Posttest Control 0.162 31 0.037 Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 467, "height": 79, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Table 2 , the normality test results show that the experimental group has a significance value of 0.089, which is greater than 0.05, indicating that H ₀ is accepted and the data follows a normal distribution. However, the control group has a significance value of 0.037, which is less than 0.05, indicating that H ₁ is accepted and the data does not follow a normal distribution. Since the data from one of the groups does not follow a normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U test will be used for further analysis to compare the mean differences.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis Testing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 360, "width": 467, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Mann-Whitney U test is used when the data does not follow a normal distribution. This test was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. The hypotheses for the Mann-Whitney U test are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 400, "width": 449, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₀ : µ ₁ = µ ₂ - There is no difference in pretest scores of cognitive learning outcomes between students taught using the Introduction, Connect, Apply, and Extend (ICARE) learning model and those taught using conventional teaching methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 439, "width": 449, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₁ : µ ₁ ≠ µ ₂ - There is a difference in pretest scores of cognitive learning outcomes between students taught using the Introduction, Connect, Apply, and Extend (ICARE) learning model and those taught using conventional teaching methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 487, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Testing Criteria:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 500, "width": 310, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₀ and reject H ₁ if the p-value (sig. 2-tailed) > 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 513, "width": 310, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₁ and reject H ₀ if the p-value (sig. 2-tailed) < 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 534, "width": 467, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the Mann-Whitney U test for the pretest scores in the experimental and control groups are presented below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 569, "width": 450, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Mann-Whitney U Test Results for Pretest Scores in Experimental and Control Groups", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 582, "width": 361, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Test Type Group Mann-Whitney U Z Sig. 2-tailed Pretest Experimental 463.500 -0.240 0.810 Control Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 644, "width": 467, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the Mann-Whitney U test in Table 3 indicate that the sig. 2-tailed value for the pretest data in the experimental and control groups is 0.810, which is greater than 0.05. Based on the testing criteria, H ₀ is accepted, indicating that there is no significant difference in pretest scores between students taught using the ICARE learning model and those taught using conventional methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 710, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the Mann-Whitney U test for the posttest scores in the experimental and control groups are presented below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 455, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Mann-Whitney U Test Results for Posttest Scores in Experimental and Control Groups", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 90, "width": 360, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Test Type Group Mann-Whitney U Z Sig. 2-tailed Posttest Experimental 323.500 -2.221 0.026 Control Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 152, "width": 467, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the data in Table 4 , the sig. 2-tailed value for the posttest data in the experimental and control groups is 0.026, which is less than 0.05. According to the testing criteria, H ₁ is accepted, indicating that the mean posttest scores of students taught using the ICARE learning model are significantly higher than those of students taught using conventional methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 212, "width": 143, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simple Linear Regression Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 467, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A simple linear regression test is conducted to determine the influence of one variable on another. The regression analysis in this study was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. The results of the simple linear regression test are shown in Table 5 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 273, "width": 435, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Simple Linear Regression Test Results Model Unstandardized Coefficient Standardized Coefficient t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 41.690 3.964 10.517 .000 Pretest (ICARE) .557 .112 .680 4.990 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 353, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the simple linear regression test, the significance value is 0.000. According to the testing criteria for regression analysis, a sig. value of 0.000 is less than 0.05, which indicates that the ICARE learning model significantly influences students' cognitive learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 406, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Next, the coefficient of determination (R²) is calculated to determine the extent to which the ICARE learning model affects students' cognitive learning outcomes. Before determining the coefficient of determination, the R² value is found using SPSS 26.0 software. Table 6 shows the R² value:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 469, "width": 375, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. R² Value Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 0.680 0.462 0.443 10.613 Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 531, "width": 331, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The coefficient of determination (D) is calculated using the formula:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 552, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D= R 2 ×100%= 0.462×100%= 46.2%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 574, "width": 467, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on this calculation, the coefficient of determination (D) is 46.2%, indicating that the ICARE learning model accounts for 46.2% of the variance in students' cognitive learning outcomes in elementary school.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 467, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N-Gain Test The N-Gain test is conducted to determine whether there is an improvement in cognitive learning outcomes among students taught using the ICARE learning model compared to those taught using conventional methods, based on the mean N-Gain values. The results of the N-Gain test for the experimental and control groups are presented in Table 7 . Based on Table 7 , the mean N-Gain value in the experimental group is 0.39, while the mean value in the control group is 0.22. The mean increase in cognitive learning outcomes in the control group is lower than in the experimental group, with the experimental group falling into the \"moderate\" category and the control group falling into the \"low\" category.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 76, "width": 449, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 7. N-Gain Test Results for Experimental and Control Groups Test Type Group Minimum Score Maximum Score Std. Deviation Mean Criteria N-Gain Experimental 0.00 0.67 0.16118 0.39 Moderate Control 0.00 0.55 0.15640 0.22 Low", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 144, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 165, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N-Gain Normality Test The normality test on N-Gain data is conducted to determine whether the data follows a normal distribution. The results of the normality test for the N-Gain data in the experimental and control groups are presented below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 226, "width": 412, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 8. Normality Test Results for N-Gain Data in Experimental and Control Groups", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 240, "width": 240, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N-Gain Group Kolmogorov- Smirnov Statistic Df Sig. Experimental 0.085 31 0.200 Control 0.156 31 0.053 Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 316, "width": 467, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Table 8 , the normality test results indicate that the experimental group has a significance value of 0.200, which is greater than 0.05, and the control group has a significance value of 0.053, which is also greater than 0.05. According to the normality test criteria, since both groups have significance values greater than 0.05, H ₀ is accepted and H ₁ is rejected, indicating that the N-Gain data is normally distributed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 130, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N-Gain Homogeneity Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The homogeneity test is performed to determine whether the sample groups or data are homogeneous. The homogeneity test criteria are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 429, "width": 342, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₀ and reject H ₁ if the significance value (Sig.) > α or 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 443, "width": 342, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₁ and reject H ₀ if the significance value (Sig.) < α or 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 464, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypotheses:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 477, "width": 312, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₀ : The variances of the two populations are homogeneous.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 491, "width": 331, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₁ : The variances of the two populations are not homogeneous.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 512, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the homogeneity test for the N-Gain data in the experimental and control groups are shown below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 446, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 9. Homogeneity Test Results for N-Gain Data N-Gain Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Based on Mean 0,082 1 60 0,776 Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 608, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the data in Table 9 , the homogeneity test results show a significance value of 0.776, which is greater than 0.05. According to the homogeneity test criteria, since the significance value is greater than 0.05, H ₀ is accepted and H ₁ is rejected, indicating that the N-Gain data is homogeneous.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 669, "width": 467, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parametric Test (T-Test) for N-Gain Data After confirming that the data is both normally distributed and homogeneous, a t-test is performed. The t-test criteria are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 709, "width": 296, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₀ and reject H ₁ if the Sig. (2-tailed) > α or 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 722, "width": 296, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Accept H ₁ and reject H ₀ if the Sig. (2-tailed) < α or 0.05.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 744, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypotheses:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "140", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 76, "width": 449, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₀ : There is no significant difference in the improvement of cognitive learning outcomes between students taught using the ICARE learning model and those taught using conventional teaching methods.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 116, "width": 449, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H ₁ : There is a significant difference in the improvement of cognitive learning outcomes between students taught using the ICARE learning model and those taught using conventional teaching methods.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the t-test for the N-Gain data in the experimental and control groups are presented below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 198, "width": 427, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 10. T-Test Results for N-Gain Data in Experimental and Control Groups N-Gain F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Equal Variances assumed 0,082 0,776 4,195 60 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Data processed using SPSS 26.0", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 467, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the data in Table 10 , the t-test results for the N-Gain data show a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. According to the t-test criteria, since the Sig. (2-tailed) value is less than α or 0.05, H ₁ is accepted and H ₀ is rejected. This indicates that there is a significant difference in the improvement of cognitive learning outcomes between students taught using the ICARE learning model and those taught using conventional teaching methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 122, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS & DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 347, "width": 467, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Influence of the ICARE Learning Model on Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) in Elementary Schools", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 374, "width": 467, "height": 118, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "During the pretest, the students scored a maximum of 85 and a minimum of 5, with an average pretest score of 31.15. As Sudjana (in Nurrita, 2018 ) states, learning outcomes are the competencies achieved by students after participating in a learning activity designed and implemented by the teacher. After the experimental class received treatment using the ICARE learning model, there was a significant improvement in student learning outcomes. This is evident from the posttest results, where students scored a maximum of 85 and a minimum of 30, with an average posttest score of 59.03. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE) learning model led to an improvement in students' cognitive learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 467, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To assess the impact of this study, the researchers compared two classes: an experimental class using the ICARE learning model and a control class using conventional teaching methods. The control class, consisting of 31 students from Grade IV A, had a pretest maximum score of 65, a minimum score of 0, and an average pretest score of 32.58. After conventional instruction, the posttest scores in the control class showed a maximum score of 80, a minimum score of 10, and an average posttest score of 47.74. The improvement in learning outcomes in the experimental class was greater than that in the control class.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 585, "width": 470, "height": 118, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The IPAS lessons on energy transformation around us were conducted over two sessions in both the experimental and control classes. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the cognitive learning outcomes of students using the ICARE learning model were superior. The ICARE model aids students in better understanding the subject matter by applying what they have learned, reflecting on it, and extending their knowledge. This aligns with Triani's (2018) assertion that the ICARE model aims to enhance learning outcomes through five stages, allowing students to express their ideas and learning experiences. Learning processes improve when students are encouraged to rearticulate information, connect it, provide examples, and use various methods (Eliyati in Triani, 2018 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 703, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The students' learning outcomes, as analyzed through the R-value (correlation coefficient) of 0.680 and an R square (coefficient of determination) of 0.462, indicate that the ICARE learning model has a 46.2% influence on students' cognitive learning outcomes. In terms of classroom participation, students treated with the ICARE model were more active than those in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 521, "top": 787, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "conventional teaching model. These students were more engaged in asking and answering questions. The steps of the ICARE model implemented in classroom learning activities include:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 112, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Introduction Stage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 126, "width": 467, "height": 118, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At this stage, the teacher provides an overview of the lesson objectives, the activities planned for the lesson, and the prerequisite materials ( Yumiati & Wahyuningrum, 2015 ). The teacher also poses leading questions to students about the lesson topic, encouraging them to share their experiences, open up discussions, and think critically. These questions help develop students' critical thinking skills, making it easier for them to remember and reason when answering questions ( Pandu et al., 2023 ). According to Bahr in Eliana (2020) , critical thinking is categorized as higher- order thinking skills, including analysis (C4), evaluation (C5), and creation (C6). During this stage, the teacher presents the material and asks questions, engaging students in cognitive activities at the remembering (C1) and understanding (C2) levels.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Connect Stage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 268, "width": 467, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the connect stage, the cognitive level targeted is C3, where the teacher and students relate the lesson material to real-life activities. By emphasizing the connection between the material and daily life, students can apply the competencies they have learned in their roles as family and community members ( Primayana et al., 2019 ). Students are divided into groups to collaboratively work on learning worksheets (LKPD). Group discussions promote cooperation among students and the exchange of information, enabling active learning and collaborative problem-solving.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Apply Stage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 383, "width": 467, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this stage, students engage in activities that allow them to apply the knowledge gained in previous stages. They work on LKPD sheets in groups and participate in practical activities. Learning supported by practical work enhances problem-solving abilities, the quality of learning, and student outcomes ( Triani et al., 2018 ). Problem-solving skills in this activity correspond to the C4 cognitive level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Reflect Stage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 467, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At this stage, students reflect on what they have learned by presenting the results of their practical work and LKPD completion in front of the class. Reflection activities allow students to think and freely express their ideas, helping less proficient students learn from their peers and reinforcing the material ( Listiyani, 2018 ). According to Drost in Pranyoto (2016) , reflection activities encourage students to collect and consider materials based on their experiences, helping them become aware of various facts, data, values, and understandings related to the subject.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Extend Stage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 575, "width": 467, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this final stage, students are given homework assignments. The extend stage helps solidify students' knowledge, ensuring it remains in their memory. Homework reinforces learning through practice, application, transfer, and enrichment, leading to the integration of various skills ( Wangid, 2017 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 637, "width": 466, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Improvement in Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Students in the Experimental Class Using the ICARE Learning Model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 467, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the analysis conducted in this study, it is evident that cognitive learning outcomes are higher when using the ICARE learning model compared to conventional methods. Learning outcomes serve as a measure for teachers to assess students' understanding of a subject. According to Nabillah & Abadi (2019) , learning outcomes provide teachers with information about students' progress toward achieving learning objectives through the teaching and learning process. In the experimental class, students using the ICARE learning model had an average pretest score of 31.15 and an average posttest score of 59.03. In contrast, the control class, using conventional methods, had an average pretest score of 32.58 and an average posttest score of 47.74.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "142", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 467, "height": 119, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "When categorized using the N-Gain metric, the cognitive learning outcomes for the IPAS experimental class with the ICARE model had an average N-Gain of 0.39, which corresponds to a 39% improvement in the medium category. The control class with conventional methods had an average N-Gain of 0.22, corresponding to a 22% improvement in the low category. Based on this data, it is clear that the cognitive learning outcomes of IPAS students taught using the ICARE model are superior to those of students taught using conventional methods. This finding is consistent with research conducted by Noge (2017) , which states that the average learning outcomes in the experimental class using the ICARE model are better than those in the control class using conventional methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 195, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The improvement in each indicator on the research instrument can be observed in the diagram in Figure 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 417, "width": 425, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Diagram of Average Cognitive Learning Outcome Indicators for Students in the Experimental Class.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 470, "width": 467, "height": 132, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the diagram in Figure 1 , it can be seen that each indicator of student learning outcomes in the experimental class showed significant improvement. The C3 indicator in the research instrument is found in multiple-choice questions number 2 and 5, in the essay question is found in number 5. In the pretest, the C3 indicator got an average of 36 and the posttest got an average of 55 with an increase of 53%. The C4 indicator is found in multiple-choice questions numbers 3, 4, and 6 with an average pretest score of 8.5 and an average pottest of 21 so that it has increased by up to 100%. The C5 indicator is found in multiple-choice questions number 1 and 7 with a pretest score of 8 and pottest 26 and there is an increase of up to 100%. Based on this data, it can be seen that the lowest increase is in the C3 question, in this indicator students who are able to answer the questions correctly in the pretest are more than other indicators.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 602, "width": 467, "height": 132, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The improved cognitive learning outcomes in students using the ICARE model can be attributed to the model's ability to expose students to real-life phenomena, motivating them to be more active and curious. The Apply stage of the ICARE model, where students apply the material, they have learned through practical activities, along with the Reflect and Extend stages, which reinforce the material in students' memory, contribute to better retention. Reflection activities are designed to help students recall the knowledge and skills they have learned as a foundation for further learning ( Wowor et al., 2022 ). The use of the ICARE model also enhances problem-solving skills and overall student learning outcomes ( Triani et al., 2018 ). The implementation of the ICARE model in this study was designed to achieve the goal of improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 744, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 250, "width": 279, "height": 138, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36 8.5 8 55 21 26 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 C3 (Menerapkan) C4 (Menganalisis) C5 (Mengevaluasi)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 273, "top": 399, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pretest posttest", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Digital Learning and Education", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 787, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "143", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 467, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that the ICARE learning model significantly improves students' cognitive learning outcomes compared to conventional teaching methods. This improvement occurs because the ICARE model provides opportunities for students to connect with real-life phenomena, thereby increasing their motivation to be more active and enhancing their curiosity. The conclusions drawn from this research are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 142, "width": 449, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The use of the ICARE learning model positively influences the cognitive learning outcomes of students in IPAS, with an average posttest score of 59.03.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 168, "width": 449, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Students who were taught using the ICARE learning model demonstrated better learning outcomes compared to those taught using conventional teaching methods.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RECOMMENDATIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 218, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the research findings and data analysis, the following recommendations are proposed:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 244, "width": 449, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. For Teachers: The ICARE learning model can be used as an alternative to conventional teaching methods to make the learning process more engaging. By using this model, students become more active and can better understand the material, leading to improved learning outcomes.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 297, "width": 449, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. For Schools: Providing moral and material support for the implementation of the ICARE learning model can enhance teachers' effectiveness in the classroom, ultimately optimizing the learning process.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 337, "width": 449, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. For Future Researchers: This study found that the ICARE learning model accounted for 46.2% of the variance in students' cognitive learning outcomes, indicating that 53.8% of the outcomes were influenced by other factors. Future researchers are encouraged to explore these additional factors and conduct further studies on the ICARE learning model.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 399, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 467, "height": 65, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the leadership and faculty at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Purwakarta Campus for their unwavering support throughout this research. Special thanks go to the academic advisors and thesis supervisors for their invaluable guidance, feedback, and encouragement. The authors are also grateful to the staff and students at SDN 2 Cilandak for their cooperation and assistance during the research process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 66, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 502, "width": 466, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eliana, N. (2020). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal IPA Berorientasi HOTS [Analysis of students' critical thinking skills in solving HOTS-oriented science problems]. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 11 (02), 170-180.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 466, "height": 72, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Listiyani, L. R. (2018). Implementasi model pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis refleksi kelompok pada materi reaksi redoks [Implementation of inquiry learning model based on group reflection on redox reaction material]. JIPVA (Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Veteran), 2 (1), 58-65. Mufidah, M., Akina, A., & Sumarniyati, S. (2020). Penerapan model pembelajaran icare untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada SD Inpres 1 Lolu pada materi geometri [The Application of the ICARE Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Geometry at SD Inpres 1 Lolu].", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 609, "width": 158, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kreatif Online, 8 (1), 169-179.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Munadi, S. (2018). Penilaian Hasil Belajar [Assessment of Learning Outcomes]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6 (11), 951 – 952.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 646, "width": 459, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabillah, T., & Abadi, A. P. (2020). Faktor penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar siswa [Factors Contributing to Low Student Learning Outcomes]. In Prosiding Sesiomadika, 2 (1c).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 463, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noge, M. D. (2017). Efektivitas model pembelajaran ICARE berbasis media autentik “berbabe” terhadap hasil belajar bahasa inggris siswa sekolah dasar [The effectiveness of the ICARE learning model based on authentic media \"berbabe\" on the English learning outcomes of elementary school students]. Jurnal Tunas Bangsa, 4 (2), 198-210.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 718, "width": 460, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurrita, T. (2018). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa [Development of Learning Media to Enhance Student Learning Outcomes]. MISYKAT: Jurnal Ilmu- Ilmu Al- Quran, Hadist, Syari’ah Dan Tarbiyah , 3 (1), 171. https://doi.org/10.33511/misykat.v3n1.171 Pandu, R., Purnamasari, I., & Nuvitalia, D. (2023). Pengaruh pertanyaan pemantik terhadap kemampuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 35, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azzahra et al. 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W., & Adnyana, P. B. (2019). Pengaruh model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar IPA ditinjau dari minat outdoor pada siswa kelas IV [The influence of the environment-based contextual learning model on science learning outcomes viewed from the outdoor interests of grade IV students]. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran IPA Indonesia,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 172, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 (2), 72-79.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 184, "width": 440, "height": 49, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahmawati, I. (2022). Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Abad 21 Terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar [The Influence of 21st Century Learning Models on the Cognitive Abilities of Elementary School Students]. EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains Dan Teknologi , 9 (2), 404 – 418. https://doi.org/10.47668/edusaintek.v9i2.461", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 463, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rizky, M., Jadidah, I. T., Eprilia, W., Shawmi, A. N., & Saputra, A. D. (2024). Seberapa Besar Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Talking Stick Pada Hasil Belajar Siswa SD/MI? [The Impact of the Talking Stick Teaching Method on Elementary and Islamic Elementary School Students' Learning Outcomes]. Jurnal Riset Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 4 (1), 1-10.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 327, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suardi, M. (2018). Belajar & pembelajaran [Learning & Study]. Deepublish.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 292, "width": 463, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Triani, L., Wahyuni, S., Purwanti, E., Hudha, A. M., Fatmawati, D., & Husamah, H. (2018). Pembelajaran I-CARE Berbantuan Praktikum: Peningkatan Problem-Solving Skills dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Jaringan Hewan [I-CARE Learning with Practical Work: Enhancing Problem-Solving Skills and Student Learning Outcomes in Animal Tissue Topics]. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA , 4 (2), 158 – 168. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v4i2.21826", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 352, "width": 439, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wangid, M. N. (2017). Efektivitas Tutor Sebaya Dan Pekerjaan Rumah Dalam Meningkatkan Self- Regulated Learning Siswa. Jurnal Kependidikan Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 1 (2), 306-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v1i2.9989", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 465, "height": 84, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wowor, E. C., Anjelia Tumewu, W., & Mokalu, Y. B. (2022). Implementasi Repetitive Method Melalui Kegiatan Refleksi Dalam Pembelajaran Implementation of the Repetitive Method Through Reflection Activities in Learning. SOSCIED: Journal Social, Science and Education , 5 (2), 272 – 279. Yumiati, Y., & Wahyuningrum, E. (2015). Pembelajaran ICARE (inroduction, connect, apply, reflect, extend) dalam tutorial online untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa UT [ICARE (introduction, connect, apply, reflect, extend) learning in online tutorials to improve UT students' mathematical problem-solving skills]. Infinity Journal, 4 (2), 182-189.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 497, "width": 308, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright (c) 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 67, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 68, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 68, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 798, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Maulana Gama Samudera Lubis 1 , Ira Kesuma Dewi 2 | 102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 115, "top": 95, "width": 371, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Kepuasan Konsumen Mahasiswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 150, "top": 125, "width": 297, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Maulana Gama Samudera Lubis 1 , Ira Kesuma Dewi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 141, "width": 259, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Univesitas Medan Area Email: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 51, "top": 196, "width": 483, "height": 232, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan dengan Kepuasan Konsumen pada Mahasiswa Manajemen Politeknik LP3I pengguna IndiHome. Subjek penelitian ialah mahasiswa pengguna IndiHome program studi Manajemen Politeknik LP3I . Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 mahasiswa. Adapun metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan skala kualitas pelayanan dan skala kepuasan konsumen. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Product Moment Pearson . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen IndiHome pada Mahasiswa Manajemen Politeknik LP3I , dengan rxy = 0.795 dan p = 0.000 < 0.05. Koefisien determinan (r2 ) dengan nilai 0.633, menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen sebesar 63.3%. Berdasarkan pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Mahasiswa Manajemen Politeknik LP3Ipengguna IndiHome memiliki tingkat kepuasan yang tinggi, didapat berdasarkan dari hasil mean hipotetik 65 < mean empirik 80.281 dengan simpangan baku (SD) 12.851. Kualitas pelayanan juga dikategorikan tingi dengan mean hipotetik 90 < mean empirik 112.084 dengan simpangan baku (SD) 13.183 Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen, dimana semakin tinggi kualitas pelayanan maka semakin tinggi juga kepuasan konsumen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 51, "top": 445, "width": 314, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: ; kepuasan konsumen; kualitas pelayanan; indihome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 51, "top": 473, "width": 483, "height": 218, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: This research aims to determine the Correlation between Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction in Management Students of University X Customers of IndiHome. The subject of the research was a student who used IndiHome, Management Students of University X. The sampling technique in this research used a total sampling technique. The sample in this research was 71 students. The data collection method in this research uses a service quality scale and a consumer satisfaction scale. The data analysis method used is Pearson's Product Moment. The results showed that there was a correlation between service quality and IndiHome customer satisfaction in Management Students of University X, with rxy = 0.795 and p = 0.000 < 0.05. The determinant coefficient (r2 ) with a value of 0.633, shows that the quality of service affects customer satisfaction by 63.3%. Based on this study, it is known that Management Students of University X who use IndiHome have a high level of satisfaction, obtained based on the results of the hypothetical mean of 65 < the empirical mean of 80.281 with a standard deviation (SD) of 12.851 The quality of service is also categorized as high with a hypothetical mean of 90 < an empirical mean of 112.084 with a standard deviation (SD) of 13.183. This shows that there is a positive correlation between service quality and customer satisfaction, where the higher the quality of service, the higher the customer satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 51, "top": 707, "width": 286, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: customer satisfaction; service quality; indihome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 53, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 53, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 66, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 424, "top": 66, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 799, "width": 297, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "103 | Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Kepuasan Konsumen Mahasiswa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini teknologi kian mengalami perkembangan begitu pesat, membuat manusia harus mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi. Salah satunya ialah dengan perkembangan internet, saat ini hampir seluruh kegiatan dapat dilakukan melalui internet. Dikutip dalam (APJII, 2020) bahwa masyarakat diseluruh dunia menggunakan internet untuk mengakses berbagai hal seperti media sosial, hiburan, pendidikan, perdagangan, dan juga layanan publik. Internet sendiri berarti sebuah sistem komunikasi yang didesain secara global untuk dapat terhubung dengan jaringan komputer yang berada diseluruh dunia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Internet sendiri berarti sebuah sistem komunikasi yang didesain secara global untuk dapat terhubung dengan jaringan komputer yang berada diseluruh dunia. Untuk itu para pengguna internet dapat terhubung dengan masyarakat hampir diseluruh dunia hanya dengan bantuan internet. Tidak hanya dapat terhubung dengan masyarakat dari belahan dunia, namun internet saat ini juga dapat menunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara daring/online,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maraknya perkembangan internet membuat banyaknya perusahaan layanan internet yang berdiri untuk memberikan pelayanan internet dengan berbagai macam keunggulan agar dapat menarik minat konsumen. Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa perusahaan penyedia layanan internet seperti IndiHome, FirstMedia, dan Biznet. IndiHome merupakan layanan internet yang didirikan oleh perusahaan PT. Telkom Indonesia, Tbk dan merupakan re-branding dari produk Speedy yang berdiri pada tahun 2015. Dikenal dengan keunggulan Triple play yakni Fiber/High Speed Internet,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Interactive Tv, dan Phone yang menggunakan fiber optic agar memberikan layanan internet yang lebih cepat, stabil dan juga canggih membuat IndiHome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mampu menarik perhatian pengguna internet di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 121, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikutip dalam topbrand- award.com pada tahun 2016-2020 satu tahun sejak berdiri IndiHome mampu menjadi market leader bagi para pengguna layanan internet. Tercatat bahwa pada tahun 2016 konsumen IndiHome mencapai 48,1%, dan kemudian naik hingga menjadi 50,3% pada tahun 2017, namun IndiHome mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2018 menjadi 42,1% hingga pada tahun 2020 pengguna IndiHome tercatat sebesar 36,7%. Dengan penurunan jumlah konsumen berarti terdapat ketidakpuasan yang dirasakan konsumen ketika berlangganan pada IndiHome.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 328, "width": 211, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti melakukan survei pada 10 mahasiswa Manajemen di Politeknik LP3Iyang menggunakan IndiHome, untuk mengetahui apakah IndiHome sudah memenuhi harapan mereka terhadap layanan internet yang mereka gunakan dan mendapatkan hasil bahwa 6 mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa tidak puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan, 8 mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa menggunakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 466, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IndiHome karena akses yang jauh lebih mudah. Peneliti juga menanyakan lebih rinci ketidakpuasan konsumen dan menemukan keluhan mengenai koneksi internet yang tidak baik cenderung tidak stabil sehingga 4 mengganggu aktifitas yang bergantung pada internet. Peneliti juga mendapati keluhan atas teknisi yang datang juga tidak selaras terhadap jadwal yang sudah ditetapkan, serta customer service memberikan respon yang sama pada setiap keluhan yang berbeda. Sehingga membuat konsumen merasa kecewa terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang dirasakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 673, "width": 211, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kekecewaan dan ketidakpuasan yang dirasakan konsumen dapat membuat konsumen beralih pada provider lain yang dapat memenuhi harapan mereka. Ketika konsumen merasa bahwa kualitas pelayanan yang mereka dapatkan tinggi, maka tingkat kepuasan yang dirasakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 68, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 68, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 798, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Maulana Gama Samudera Lubis 1 , Ira Kesuma Dewi 2 | 104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 213, "height": 301, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "juga tinggi. Kepuasan menurut (Tjiptono, 2012) ialah upaya dalam memenuhi sesuatu dengan sesuatu yang memadai. Berdasarkan pendapat (Kotler & Keller, 2012) kepuasan berarti suatu bentuk rasa senang ataupun kecewa yang timbul berdasarkan perbandingan diantara kesan dan harapan kepada hasil kerja atas produk. Menurut (Tjiptono & Anastasia, 2015) mendefinisikan bahwa kepuasan konsumen merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam mencerminkan keberhasilan usaha dari segi pemasaran. Usaha dapat dikatakan berhasil jika konsumen menyatakan bahwa mereka puas atas produk atau pun layanan yang diberikan, juga dapat mencapai tujuan perusahaan yaitu mendapatkan keuntungan, meningkatkan penjualan, memperluas pasar, meningkatkan pertumbuhan perusahaan dimasa depan dan mampu bersaing pada bidang yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 211, "height": 246, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kotle (2000) mengatakan bahwan kepuasan konsumen dapat diukur melalui beberapa aspek, yaitu: (1) Loyal terhadap produk, Konsumen yang merasa puas cenderung akan royal. Biasanya konsumen yang merasa puas dengan produk yang digunakannya mempunyai kecenderungan untuk menggunakan kembali produk yang digunakan dari produsen yang sama; (2) Adanya komunikasi dari mulut ke mulut yang bersifat positif, Kepuasan merupakan faktor yang mendorong konsumen untuk melakukan komunikasi dari mulut ke mulut (word of mouth communication) yang positif. Hal ini dapat berupa rekomendasi pada keluarga ataupun teman dan mengatakan hal-hal positif mengenai produk dan perusahaan yang menyediakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 211, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "; (3) Perusahaan menjadi pertimbangan utama ketika membeli produk lain Proses kognitif dimana konsumen merasa puas terhadap suatu produk yang diberikan suatu perusahaan. Sehingga akan lebih mengutamakan perusahaan yang sama untuk mendapatkan produk atau jasa dari perusahaan tersebut. Kotler dan Amstrong (Sudibyo, 2014) mengatakan semakin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkualitas suatu produk atau jasa yang diberikan, maka tingkat kepuasan yang dirasakan konsumen semakin tinggi. Apabila konsumen merasa puas, maka konsumen akan melakukan pembelian ulang dan juga akan merekomendasikan produk yang membuat mereka puas pada orang lain. (Tjiptono & Anastasia, 2015) mengatakan untuk itu maka perusahaan harus meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan untuk menciptakan kepuasan konsumen, sehingga perusahaan akan mendapatkan citra yang baik dan memperoleh keuntungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 288, "width": 211, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bitner, Zeithaml & Valerie dalam (Tjiptono, 2012) mengemukakan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen, salah satu diantaranya adalah kualitas pelayanan. Hal serupa juga dikemukakan oleh (Lupioyadi & Hamdani, 2011), bahwa salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen adalah kualitas pelayanan. Untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan yang baik pada konsumen, perusahaan tidak hanya dapat fokus pada pengembangan produk, tetapi juga harus memperhatikan pelayanan yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 481, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Tjiptono, 2012) Kualitas pelayanan adalah keterampilan industri dalam melakukan pemenuhan keperluan dan keinginannya konsumen melalui cara yang diharapkan konsumen. R.A", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Indrasari, 2019) mengatakan bahwa suatu pelayanan akan memberikan kesan tersendiri bagi konsumen, pelayanan yang baik tentunya akan membuat konsumen merasa puas, maka pelayanan yang baik merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menarik konsumen untuk menggunakan produk dan jasa yang ditawarkan suatu perusahaan. Apakah pelayanan yang diperoleh konsumen mampu membuat mereka puas atau tidak. Pelayanan yang baik dan berkualitas sangat berperan dalam membentuk kepuasan konsumen, sehingga apabila konsumen merasa puas maka perusahaan pun akan memperoleh keuntungan. Makin baik kualitas layanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 53, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 53, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 66, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 424, "top": 66, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 799, "width": 297, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "105 | Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Kepuasan Konsumen Mahasiswa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang diberi dari industri berarti bakin besar juga tingkat kepuasan konsumennya. Kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap keputusan konsumen saat menggunakan produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 162, "width": 211, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan yang digunakan konsumen untuk menilai atu menentukan suatu kualitas pelayanan menurut (Tjiptono & Chandra, 2011) yaitu: (1) keandalan (reliability) , kemampuan perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan yang di inginkan dengan cepat, tepat dan memuaskan. Sehingga, kinerja yang diberikan harus sesuai dengan harapan konsumen yang bertepatan dengan waktu, pelayanan yang merata pada semua konsumen, dan sikap yang simpatik dan akurasi tinggi;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 342, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 211, "height": 425, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ketanggapan (responsiveness) , kemampuan perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan dan membantu konsumen secara responsif dengan informasi yang jelas. Apabila membiarkan konsumen menunggu terlalu lama tanpa adanya alasan tertentu, maka akan menimbulkan persepsi negatif pada kualitas pelayanan; (3) kepastian (assurance) , kemampuan karyawan dalam menciptakan kepercayaan konsumen pada perusahaan; (4) empati (empathy), Perusahaan dapat memahami keluhan konsumen dan bertindak demi keinginan konsumen pada saat memberikan perhatian secara personal dan memiliki jam operasional yang sesuai; (5) keberwujudan (tangible) , berkaitan dengan daya tarik fisik, kelengkapan dan material yang digunakan perusahaan juga penampilan karyawan. Pelayanan yang baik dan berkualitas sangat berperan dalam membentuk kepuasan konsumen, sehingga apabila konsumen merasa puas maka perusahaan pun akan memperoleh keuntungan. Makin baik kualitas layanan yang diberi dari industri berarti bakin besar juga tingkat kepuasan konsumennya. Kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap keputusan konsumen saat menggunakan produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk itu IndiHome harus memiliki strategi yang baik dan memperhatikan keluhan konsumen agar konsumen tetap merasa nyaman ketika menggunakan produk/jasa yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 162, "width": 211, "height": 343, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Putri & Widodo, 2016) tentang “Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen IndiHome Wilayah Antapani Kota Bandung” menunjukkan bahwa secara signifikan terdapat pengaruh antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen IndiHome di daerah Antapani Kota Bandung. Kemudian dalam penelitian menurut (Basri & Djatmiko, 2018) dengan judul “Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Indihome” dengan analisis linier berganda, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwasanya dimensi kualitas layanan yakni daya tanggap, keandalan, empati, penjaminan, serta berwujud ada pengaruhnya kepada kepuasan konsumen. Sejalan dengan penelitian (Pettrani, Haming, & Ella, 2019) bahwa secara simultan variabel kualitas pelayanan yang terdiri atas bukti fisik, keandalan, daya tanggap, empati dan jaminan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan yethadap kepuasan pelanggan Telkom IndiHome di Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 508, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini kepuasan dan ketidakpuasan konsumen menjadi perhatian bagi setiap perusahaan. Semakin ketatnya persaingan membuat berbagai perusahaan khususnya dibidang telekomunikasi bersaing dalam mendapatkan konsumen. Dengan memberikan kepuasan pada konsumen dan membuat konsumen percaya pada suatu perusahaan akan membuat perusahaan dapat bersaing di pasar telekomunikasi. Hal ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Panjaitan, 2016) bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 715, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dengan pemaparan di atas, peneliti melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk untuk memahami apakah terdapat hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 68, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 68, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 798, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Maulana Gama Samudera Lubis 1 , Ira Kesuma Dewi 2 | 106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan Kepuasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen pada mahasiswa Manajamen di Politeknik LP3IPengguna IndiHome.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 136, "width": 211, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah “bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen” dengan asumsi semakin tinggi kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan, maka semakin tinggi tingkat kepuasan konsumen, begitu pula sebaliknya semakin rendah kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan konsumen, maka semakin rendah juga tingkat kepuasan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 288, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 301, "width": 211, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kuantitatif, dimana prosedur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model korelasional (Sugiyono, 2017). Maksud korelasional dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel bebas (X) dengan variabel tergantung (Y); yaitu Kualitas Pelayanan (variabel X); Kualitas pelayanan adalah kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan konsumen dalam rangka meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap suatu produk atau jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepuasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen (variabel Y); Kepuasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 495, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "konsumen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 495, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merupakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 508, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi harapan dan ekspektasi konsumen terhadap suatu produk dan jasa yang diberikan. Adapun populasi pada penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa Strata-1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 578, "width": 211, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Manajemen Politeknik LP3Iyang menggunakan IndiHome stambuk 2019 sampai 2022 berjumlah 71 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling. Maka seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 71 mahasiswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 702, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini data diperoleh melalui metode skala. Menurut (Azwar, Penyusunan Skala Psikologi, 2019) skala psikologi didefinisikan sebagai alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur aspek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atau atribut psikologis melalui indikator perilaku yang diterjemahkan dalam bentuk item-item pernyataan dan pertanyaan. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah skala kualitas pelayanan dan skala kepuasan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 177, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 191, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian ini diukur menggunakan skala kualitas pelayanan dengan dimensi kualitas pelayanan menurut (Tjiptono & Chandra, 2011), yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 472, "top": 232, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keandalan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 246, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(reliability),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 246, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ketanggapan (responsiveness), empati (empathy), kepastian (assurance), dan keberwujudan (tangible). Kepuasan konsumen pada penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan skala kualitas pelayanan menurut (Kotler, 2000), yakni: loyal terhadap produk, adanya komunikasi dari mulut ke mulut bersifat positif, dan perusahaan sebagai pertimbangan utama ketika membeli produk lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 412, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini metode penskalaan yang digunakan ialah skala likert. Skala likert merupakan skala tertutup yang memiliki dua sifat yaitu favorable dan unfavorable . Tiap item memiliki empat alternatif jawaban yaitu: Sangat Setuju (SS), Setuju (S), Tidak Setuju (TS), dan Sangat Tidak Setuju (STS). Untuk jawaban yang bersifat favorable diberi nilai 4-1, sedangkan untuk jawaban yang bersifat unfavorable diberi nilai 1-4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 578, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah aitem pada variabel X (kualitas pelayanan) adalah 40 aitem, dan jumlah aitem pada variabel Y (Kepuasan Konsumen) adalah 30 aitem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 633, "width": 211, "height": 107, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini nantinya akan dilakukan analisis data menggunakan SPSS for Windows Version 21 , dan beberapa hal yang akan diuji adalah; (1)uji validitas; uji yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah itemitem yang ada pada kuisioner mampu mengungkapkan secara pasti tentang apa yang akan diteliti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 743, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2) uji realiabilitas; untuk mengetahui sejauh mana instrumen pengukuran dapat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 53, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 53, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 66, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 424, "top": 66, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 799, "width": 297, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "107 | Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Kepuasan Konsumen Mahasiswa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 343, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipercaya sebagai alat pengumpulan data karena instrumen tersebut sudah baik. Untuk pengujian pada instrument penelitian, yang kemudian akan dilakukan uji asumsi dengan melakukan beberapa uji asumsi, yaitu: (1) uji normalitas, untuk mengetahui nilai sebaran variabel terikat dan variabel bebas dalam penellitian ini bersifat normal atau tidak; (2) uji linieritas, untuk mengetahui apakah data dari variabel terikat (kepuasan konsumen) memiliki hubungan yang linear dengan variabel bebas (kualitas pelayanan). Kemudian melakukan uji hipotesis, menggunakan analisis korelasi Product Moment dalam menganalisis data karena dalam penelitian ini terdapat satu variabel bebas (kualitas pelayanan) yang ingin dilihat hubungannya dengan satu variabel terikat (kepuasan konsumen). Setelah itu, melakukan perhitungan koefisien determinansi, yang berguna untuk mengetahui seberapa besar sumbangan efektif yang diberikan oleh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 172, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 480, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada skala Kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 211, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelayanan menunjukkan dari 40 aitem terdapat 4 aitem gugur. 36 aitem lainnya andal/valid dengan total skor ≥ 0,30.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada skala Kepuasan Konsumen menunjukkan dari 30 aitem terdapat 4 aitem gugur. 26 aitem lainnya andal/valid dengan total skor ≥ 0,30.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 604, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indeks skor reliabilitas pada skala kualitas pelayanan dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha Cronbach ialah 0,966, yang berarti skala kualitas pelayanan dikatakan reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indeks skor reliabilitas pada skala kepuasan konsumen dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha Cronbach ialah 0,959 yang berarti skala kualitas pelayanan dikatakan reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 93, "width": 211, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan kriteria jika p > 0.05 maka distribusi diungkapkan normal. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, maka penyebaran data yang dilakukan berdistribusi normal karena memiliki nilai p > 0.05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 190, "width": 207, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Uji Normalitas Var . Mean SDev K-S P > 0.05 Ket X 112.08 4 13.18 3 0.97 8 0.26 5 Nrm l Y 80.281 12.85 1 0.79 8 0.60 2 Nrm l", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 303, "width": 211, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan kriteria jika p beda > 0.05 maka dinyatakan memiliki derajat hubungan linier.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 344, "width": 211, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari menguji linieritas dipahami yakni variabel kualitas pelayanan berhubungan linier terhadap variabel kepuasan konsumen yang dapat dilihat pada koefisien linieritas F = 113.031 dan bernilai signifikansinya 0.618 > 0.05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 455, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Uji Liniearitas Korelasi Fbeda Pbeda Ket X-Y 113.031 0.618 Linier Mengamati hasil hitung korelasi r Product Moment", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan positif diantara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen pada mahasiswa Manajemen di Politeknik LP3Ipengguna IndiHome dengan rxy = 0.795 dengan signifikansi p = 000 < 0.05 yang berarti semakin besar kualitas layanan yang diberi berarti semakin besar juga tingkatan kepuasan yang diterima konsumen. Artinya, hipotesis yang diajukan diterima yakni terdapat hubungan positif antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen dimana semakin tinggi kualitas pelayanan maka semakin tinggi kepuasan konsumen. Koefisien determinan (r 2 ) relasi diantara variabel bebas (x) serta variabel terikat (y) yakni r 2", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 55, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 434, "top": 55, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 68, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 68, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 798, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Maulana Gama Samudera Lubis 1 , Ira Kesuma Dewi 2 | 108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= 0.633. Hal ini menandakan bahwasanya kualitas pelayanan memberi sumbangsih kepada kepuasan konsumen sebesar 63.3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 164, "width": 203, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 Uji Hipotesis Stat Rxy R 2 P BE % Ket", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X-Y 0.795 0.633 0.000 63.3 Sig", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan Mean Hipotetik dan Mean Empirik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada variabel kualitas pelayanan jumlah aitem yang valid adalah 36 aitem dengan format skala likert dengan 4 kategori penilaian, sehingga rerata hipotetiknya adalah: {(36 × 1) + (36 × 4)}", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": 2 = 90. 2.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 344, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada variabel kepuasan konsumen total aitem yang valid yakni 26 aitem berformat skala likert dengan 4 kategori jawaban, sehingga rerata hipotetiknya ialah : {(26 × 1) + (26 × 4)} : 2 = 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 211, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data hasil uji korelasi diketahui bahwa mean/rata-rata empirik, pada variabel kualitas pelayanan adalah 112.084.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 469, "width": 211, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis data hasil uji korelasi diketahui bahwa mean/rata - rata empirik variabel kepuasan konsumen adalah 80.281 Dalam penelitian ini kualitas pelayanan IndiHome dikategorikan tinggi, kepuasan konsumen IndiHome juga dikategorikan tinggi. Ini didapat berdasarkan hasil perhitungan mean/rata- rata hipotetik dan mean/rata-rata empirik. Pada variabel kualitas pelayanan nilai SD adalah 13.183, dengan mean/rata-rata hipotetik 90 < 112.084 mean/rata-rata empirik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada variabel kepuasan konsumen nilai SD adalah 12.851 dengan mean/rata- rata hipotetik 65 < 80.281 mean/rata-rata empirik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepuasan konsumen dikategorikan tinggi ini berarti konsumen sudah mendapatkan pelayanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 94, "width": 211, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang baik, hanya saja terdapat beberapa hal yang menurut konsumen belum sesuai dengan harapan seperti yang diungkapkan pada fenomena sebelumnya, sehingga hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan IndiHome.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 205, "width": 201, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4 Perhitungan Mean Hipotetik dan Mean Empirik Var Mean SD Ket Hipo Emp X 90 112.084 13.183 Tinggi Y 65 80.281 12.851 Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 304, "width": 211, "height": 453, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hal kualitas pelayanan IndiHome harus memperhatikan ketepatan pegawai dalam melayani konsumen dengan menguasai produk yang mereka miliki, hal ini akan mempermudah karyawan dalam mengatasi permasalah konsumen yang mengalami kendala, sehingga karyawan (customers service) tidak memberikan solusi yang sama pada keluhan yang berbeda, karyawan IndiHome juga harus meningkatkan perhatian terhadap konsumen dan memastikan keamanan produk yang digunakan konsumen. Pada kepuasan konsumen IndiHome diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang sesuai dengan kesepakatan antara perusahaan dengan konsumen. IndiHome harus tetap fokus pada peningkatan mutu, dan produknya seperti melakukan evaluasi produk dan karyawan secara rutin untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen. Hubungan kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan konsumen tidak terlepas dari kemampuan yang diberikan. Demi menciptakan suatu pelayanan yang berkualitas dan menghasilkan kepuasan IndiHome harus mampu memahami tingkat persepsi dan harapan konsumen. Hal ini karena kepuasan konsumen merupakan suatu perbandingan antara persepsi dengan harapan konsumen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 53, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sublimapsi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 53, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2716-1854", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 67, "top": 66, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (1), (Januari) 2023, 102-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 424, "top": 66, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2720-930X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 799, "width": 297, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "109 | Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Kepuasan Konsumen Mahasiswa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 210, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang dirasakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 211, "height": 273, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan olej Basri & Djatmiko, (2018) yang menyatakan bahwa kualitas pelayanan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Hal serupa juga dikatakan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan (Pettrani, Haming, & Ella, 2019) bahwa secara simultan variabel kualitas pelayanan yang terdiri atas bukti fisik, keandalan, daya tanggap, empati dan jaminan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan yethadap kepuasan pelanggan Telkom IndiHome di Makassar. Dan, penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan oleh (Tjiptono, 2012) yang mengatakan bahwa pelayanan yang baik akan menciptakan rasa puas pada konsumen sehingga hal ini akan melekat pada konsumen dan membuat konsumen tidak berpaling pada perusahan lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 411, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 424, "width": 211, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis uji korelasi Product Moment diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan konsumen pada mahasiswa Manajemen Politeknik LP3IPengguna IndiHome dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 211, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "koefisien korelasi diperoleh hasil rxy = 0.795 dengan p = 0.000 < 0.05. Artinya, semakin tinggi kualitas pelayanan maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepuasan konsumen pada mahasiswa Manajemen Politeknik LP3Ipengguna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 604, "width": 211, "height": 107, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IndiHome. Dalam hal ini berarti hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Berdasarkan koefisien determinan (r 2 ) sebesar r 2 = 0.633 dengan p = 0.00 < 0.05. Menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan memberikan kontribusi terhadap kepuasan konsumen dengan nilai sebesar 63.3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 94, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 107, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azwar, S. (2019). Penyusunan Skala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 121, "width": 183, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Psikologi . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 162, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "APJII. (2020). Laporan Survei Internet", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 176, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "APJII 2019 – 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 204, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basri, F. A., & Djatmiko, T. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Indihome (Studi Kasus pada Witel Karawang). 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Journal Research and Development (ITJRD)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 307, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.8, No.1, March 2023, E-ISSN : 2528-4053 | P-ISSN : 2528-4061 DOI : 10.25299/itjrd.2022.10068", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 510, "top": 85, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "254", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 182, "top": 776, "width": 248, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: http://journal.uir.ac.id/index/php/ITJRD", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 110, "width": 433, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 177, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurnia Rahman Agus 1 , Dadang Syarif Sihabuddin Sahid 2 , Syabdan Dalimunthe 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 189, "width": 294, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Departement of Computer Engineering, Politeknik Caltex Riau 1,2,3 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 247, "width": 436, "height": 246, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Jun 17, 2022 Revised Aug 16, 2022 Accepted Jan 3, 2023 The demands of the learning process during the current pandemic force teachers and students to carry out digital transformation in the learning process. Especially in the new normal where the learning process is done online. Thus, the learning media made by the teacher must also be adapted to online media so that the learning process can be maximized and increase the activeness of students in learning while online. This study aims to create an online learning media by applying the concept of gamification. The method used in this research is R&D (Research and Development) using analysis, design, and development development models. Stages of analysis are carried out to determine the needs of students when learning online. Then in the design stage, the selection of media formats and media design is carried out, and finally at the development stage, the advanced process of making games with programming languages is carried out as a learning medium. The use of gamification learning media is very practical, which can be accessed by students through their devices at home via the internet network. In the learning process, this game can be used to assist teachers in achieving learning objectives so that they can increase learning activity and the value of students in one basic competency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 335, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keyword:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 91, "top": 353, "width": 436, "height": 169, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gamification Learning media Learning Process Analysis Design Development Programming Language © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 537, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 555, "width": 174, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurnia Rahman Agus Departement of Computer Engineering Politeknik Caltex Riau Jl. Umban Sari, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 644, "width": 115, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vocational High School (SMK) is one of the secondary vocational education in Indonesia that has various expertise programs. One of the vocational skills programs currently available is Computer Engineering and Informatics which oversees the competence of Computer Network Engineering and Software Engineering expertise. One of the Basic Skills Program subjects (C2) in Computer Engineering and Informatics is Basic Programming (Kemendikbud, 2017) [1]. Mastery of learning in basic programming lessons is mandatory because this lesson is the basis for students of level 10 software engineering competency skills to continue to levels 11 and 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 765, "width": 429, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "255", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The teaching and learning process is the main activity of the entire educational process in schools which aims to produce behavioral changes. These changes include the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Learning activities require active learning, participation and interactive communication between teachers and students [2]. Success in the learning process can be seen from understanding the concept, mastery of the material and learning achievement. Students with a high level of conceptual understanding and mastery of the material, the higher the achievement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 442, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition, the determining factor for learning success is the accuracy of the application of learning methods and media. A teacher is required to understand learning methods, especially those related to learning models. learning outcomes and student learning activities are something that is common in the world of Indonesian education [3]. Most educators still use classical learning media such as books, presentation slides and videos, where students are passive recipients of knowledge, while educators are the givers of information and expect students to memorize and remember the information they provide [4]. This less interesting conventional learning makes students tend to be bored and do not understand what is conveyed by the educator [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 442, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Especially during a pandemic like today which requires the learning process to be done online. The use of interactive learning media is needed so that students' motivation in learning increases. Gamification is the application of gaming elements into activities that are not usually related to games [6]. Gamification can be applied for various purposes, such as improving customer service and satisfaction (Customer Loyalty), making the process of working in a team more enjoyable (Happines), and creating a better teaching and learning atmosphere (Engagement). The application of gamification in the learning process, especially in learning media, can be accessed by students both offline and online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are several previous studies discussing interactive learning media that can be carried out online, such as what Surya Amami Pramuditya did in his research on Android-Based Educational Game Design on Mathematical Logic Materials. This study aims to create a valid and practical educational game as a medium for learning mathematics. However, in this study, there are weaknesses in the distribution of the application used, because to run the application it must be installed on an Android device with certain hardware specifications. This of course cannot be applied to students who have other types of cellphones or who do not have smartphones at all [7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research will produce web-based interactive learning media by applying the concept of gamification that can be accessed online using various platforms, such as smart phones and computers or laptops. The learning media will be tested on basic programming subjects with the basic competencies of looping and branching control structures. By using the gamification method in making learning media, students can carry out the learning process independently to complete each existing instruction so as to make students more active in the learning process, and it is also expected to improve student learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 567, "width": 350, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several previous studies related to previous interactive learning media include:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 580, "width": 424, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Science Adventure Educational Game Development To Improve Students' Problem Solving Skills [8] .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 619, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research aims to determine the effectiveness of science adventure educational games as a medium for learning science on global warming material in training students' problem solving skills. This research uses development research. The science adventure game was developed by first analyzing the needs of students in integrated science learning on global warming material for class VII students and referring to research and development (R&D) methods. The science adventure game media development design uses a 4D development model consisting of (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop and (4) disseminate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 707, "width": 424, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Application of Interactive Multimedia Applications for Learning to Read Syllable Methods and Digital Media for Fairy Tale Characters [9]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 293, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 765, "width": 432, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "256", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 83, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to design an application using interactive multimedia, in the form of images, sounds, and animations that can be used as a teacher's tool in learning to read, write, and count for early childhood children. Method The development of multimedia application devices uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method which consists of 6 stages, namely Concept, Design, Material collection, Assembly, Testing, and Distribution. These six stages do not have to be sequential in practice, they can switch positions. Even so, the concept stage should be the first thing to do.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 390, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Methodology MDLC", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 428, "width": 337, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Application of Gamification in Economics Learning in High School [10]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 442, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research aims to improve teachers' understanding and skills in utilizing mobile learning in learning activities carried out especially during the pandemic era. Student learning activities are expecting not only to be carried out through the Whatsapp group or Google Classroom, but can also doing by using other applications that can attract students' learning interest.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 528, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gamification is a creative learning method that has a tremendous impact on increasing the level of independent learning and improving one's mathematical abilities. Furthermore, an expert system is needed to create content from the material presented [11]. Experimentally, the gamification strategy has been confirmed to be successful in increasing the enthusiasm of the assessment students used to survey client behavior and observations about the use of iLearning [12].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 765, "width": 429, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "257", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 236, "top": 268, "width": 138, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Gamification concept", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 293, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Jusuf and colleagues, Gamification is a learning approach using elements in games or video games with the aim of motivating students in the learning process and maximizing feelings of enjoyment and engagement in the learning process [13]. In addition, this media can be used to capture things that interest students and inspire them to continue learning. Gamification, providing alternatives to make the learning process more interesting, fun, and effective [14] [15] [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 369, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Student motivation to take part in learning depends on the context of the learning material and learning model. Gamification is a powerful tool for providing training and education to companies or schools [17]. Gamification is an effective approach to make positive changes in students' behavior and attitudes towards learning, to increase motivation and engagement as stated by Kiryakova, et al. [18] [19].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 118, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Gamification Design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This process began with problem identification and problem-solving based on the gamification approach. In terms of problem identification, it had been figured out that most students in Information Technology could not apply the web design theories to real-life situations. A reason behind this phenomenon was the lack of innovative and easy-to-understand instructional media. Most instructional media were available in texts such as classroom materials and eBooks for computer language learning. Thus, game-based instructional media were proposed for solving this problem. The developed game for the Informational Technology students was available on the web base platform. The visual aids could support the students to learn quickly and comfortably. Above all, the students could immediately recognize their learning outcomes and productivity by checking the correct answers. They did not need to wait until the game under each topic would end. Figure 3 shows the method of this research created using the gamification base model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 765, "width": 432, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "258", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 216, "top": 338, "width": 182, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. The gamification-based model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 442, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Fig. 3, the contents in the course syllabus of the Web Programming course consisted of weekly lessons on five topics, their descriptions, and expected learning outcomes. Each learning topic is divided into a different number of subtopics according to the learning objectives and outcomes. Each subtopic contains learning content and a post-study quiz. Furthermore, each learning topic has a test at the end of the lesson. Thus, the learning outcomes can be measured or assessed from the scores obtained by taking the corresponding test according to the learning content of each topic. In addition, the learners can be tracked their learning outcomes from the learning progression at any time. Therefore, these course contents, quizzes, and tests were used to develop the course materials.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 489, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Gamification Development", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work applied the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach to save cost and development time. Therefore, it is suitable to use in a small development team with the knowledge and ability to the project and quickly develop the work system. The RAD consists of four distinct phases: requirements planning, system design, development, and cutover [15], as shown in Figure. 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. RAD Process", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 765, "width": 429, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "259", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 150, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 The Application Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 442, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this stage the learning media is ready to be used in class X RPL SMK Labor fostered by FKIP UNRI Pekanbaru. The types of data obtained from this trial are quantitative data and qualitative data. Quantitative data in this study is media assessment from the results of questionnaires distributed to media experts, material experts, and class X students of the RPL Expertise Program from the Vocational School of Labor fostered by FKIP UNRI Pekanbaru. From the questionnaire, data will be obtained by calculating the answer scores. Qualitative data is data in the form of sentences, words, or pictures. In this study, qualitative data were obtained from responses by material experts, media experts, and respondents. The data are in the form of criticism, suggestions, and comments about the media. The questionnaire uses a 4 Likert scale technique, so that there are no doubtful answers from the test subjects. Based on the quantitative data, the level of validity and feasibility of the developed teaching materials will be known. In determining the results of feasibility/validity, it is done using the assessment criteria which can be seen in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 263, "width": 292, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Criteria for assessing the feasibility of teaching materials", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 276, "width": 290, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Persentage Indicator Desciption 1 76% - 100,00% Valid Decent and does not need to be revised 2 51% - 75,00% Quite Valid Fairly valid Fairly decent and needs minor revision 3 26% - 50,00% Not Valid Less valid Not feasible and needs partial revision 4 < 26% - Not Valid Invalid use and need a whole revision", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 175, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The resulting learning media is in the form of a Web Application that contains learning content for basic programming subjects for class X with competency standards in accordance with the 2013 revised 2017 curriculum structure packaged with gamification. The learning materials taught are looping and branching control structures. In this learning media, students will do online programming. The system in real time will display the results of the script written by students. The following is the result of the learning media interface display.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1. Feature Application", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This page contains an introduction to learning media. In the header there are two menus, namely the register and enter menus. The list menu will take the user to the registration page, while the login menu will take the user to the login page which is used to authenticate to enter the learning media. In addition there is a start menu that is intended for users who are just starting out.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 765, "width": 432, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "260", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 239, "width": 172, "height": 179, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Homepage b) SignIn", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 225, "top": 408, "width": 202, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Sign Up Figure 5. User Interface Application", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Sign In and SignUp Page", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Sign In page is used to authenticate before entering the learning media. On the Sign In Form there are 2 inputs, namely email and password, besides that there are 2 buttons, namely the SIGN IN button which is used to authenticate and the SIGN UP button which will take the user to the registration page. If the email and password entered are correct, they will be redirected to the user dashboard page, if incorrect, a warning will appear that the email or password is incorrect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Sign Up page is used to register if the user does not have an account yet. On the Sign Up page there are 3 inputs, namely name, email, and password that must be filled in. If the user has completed the form, then the next step is to press the SIGN UP button which is used to send registration data to the server and save it, if the registration process is successful, the page will be redirected to the Sign In page, if it fails, a warning will appear as if someone already uses the email.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Dashboard page", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Dashboard page (Figure 7) is the start page after the user authenticates. This page will display a summary of the user's progress. The data displayed is the total achievement, badges, and stars that have been collected by students. In addition, there is information on level and experience points (exp), the higher the exp value, the higher the level. Under the User Summary section there are My Course and Daily Target sections. My Course is a list of lessons that the user is currently taking. While the Daily Target is the daily target of exp that must be achieved to get the achievement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 765, "width": 429, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "261", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 209, "width": 335, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Dashboard page (e) Achievement Page b) Course page (f) Leaderboard Page", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 281, "top": 510, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Stage Page", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 253, "top": 535, "width": 107, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Fiture System", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Achievements page", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "On the achievement page there are 2 sections, namely achievements and badges. To get the achievement, the user must meet the requirements in the achievement. If successful, the stars will increase and new, more challenging conditions will appear to get the next star. Badges are earned if the user successfully completes 1 course. In the example above the user gets a \"Recurring\" badge which means the user has completed the \"Looping\" course.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Course Page", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Course List page displays all courses that can be taken by the user. In the picture above there are 3 courses, namely Looping, Branching, and Advanced Programming. Each user is free to choose the course to be run. In each course, there will be several stages that must be completed sequentially.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 765, "width": 432, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "262", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 83, "width": 107, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Leaderboard Pages", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This page will display a list of the Stages of the Course along with the highest Leaderboard score that the user has obtained on the Course. Stages must be completed sequentially, a stage with a lock icon is a stage that cannot be played because the previous stage has not been successfully completed. If the user has successfully completed the stage, a star icon will appear indicating the star the user has successfully obtained on that stage. In the leaderboard section, 10 usernames will appear who managed to get the highest accumulative score on the course.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 187, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F. Stage Page", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 202, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Stage page is a page where users will carry out the learning process by completing the missions on that page. Here the user is required to complete the mission with the shortest time and minimal errors to get a high score. On the Stage page there are 5 sections, namely the Status Bar, Guide, Interactive Coding, Output and Navigation sections. Each section has its own functionality to help students in the learning process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the Status Bar there is information on life, score, and time. Lives will be reduced if the user makes an error during code check. If the life runs out then the user must repeat the stage. The score information will increase every time the user successfully completes the mission. Time information provides information about how long the user is in the process. The shorter the time, the better.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The navigation section serves to navigate between stages, and view a list of Stages of the currently running Course. Navigation can only be done on an already open stage. There are 2 navigation sections, namely the sidebar which displays a list of stages on the running course, and the footer section which is used to navigate forward or backward.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Guide section will display material related to the stage, the material will be read by students first before continuing to work on the mission. The material is rich content, in the sense that it is not only written media that can be displayed but can also be images, audio, or video. In addition, the guide section also displays a list of missions that must be completed by the user. The list of missions will be green if they have been successfully completed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Interactive Coding section is a place for users to write scripts according to the mission that must be completed. Just like in a programming editor, in Interactive Coding there is also Syntax Highlighting to make it easier for users to do programming. In this section there are 3 buttons, namely Run, Check, and Expand. Run button is used to run the script and the results will be displayed in the Output section. The Check button is used to send the script if it is deemed correct to verify whether the typed script is in accordance with the mission requirements. The Expand button is used to expand the Interactive Coding section.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Output section functions like a browser, this section will display the output results according to the typed script. There are 3 buttons, namely Output, Console, and Expand. The Output button is used to change the display so that it can display the rendering results of the typed c++ script. While the Console button is used to display the console output that was written earlier. The Expand button is used to expand the output display to make it easier for users to see the website display.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After all missions have been successfully completed, a Score Board will appear containing information on the score, completion time, and the stars that were successfully obtained. There are several buttons on the Score Board, namely the Continue button, Play again, and back. The continue button only appears if the user successfully completes the stage. The next button is used to move to the next stage. The Play button is again used to repeat the current Stage. While the Back button is used to return to the Stage list page.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 The Result of the Web Application Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 711, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The developed web application gamification-based result was evaluated in black-box by nine experts as follows. First, the ‘Security testing’ had the highest mean at 4.89, with Standard Deviation (SD) at 0.33. Next, the ‘Usability testing’ and ‘Compatibility testing’ had a mean of 4.78 and SD of 0.44. Last, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 765, "width": 429, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "263", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "‘Performance testing’ and ‘Stress testing’ mean was 4.67, with SD was 0.50. In addition, the mean in total was 4.74 and SD was 0.44, as showed in Fig. 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 346, "width": 292, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7. The result of application evaluation in black-box testing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 383, "width": 249, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3 The Result of the Game Effectiveness Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Experts evaluated the game effectiveness among four indicators. The result was found that the ‘Knowledge’, ‘Psychology’, and ‘Interaction’ indicators had the highest mean value at 4.56. Next, the ‘Measurement’ had a mean value was 4.44. All four indicators gave the same SD value was 0.53. The overall game effectiveness by experts, the mean was 4.53, and the SD was 0.51.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "For the result of game effectiveness evaluated by users, the ‘Interaction’ indicators had the highest mean at 4.62, together with the SD at 0.49. The remaining indicators, ‘Knowledge’, ‘Psychology’, and ‘Measurement’, had mean values were 4.58, 4.57, and 4.55, with SD values were 0.49, 0.50, and 0.50, respectively. Finally, the users evaluated the overall mean was 4.57, with SD was 0.50. Thus, the Web programming course developed in gamification had the highest effectiveness evaluated by experts and users, as shown in Fig. 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 750, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8. The result of game effectiveness evaluation", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 293, "top": 59, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IT Jou Res and Dev, Vol.8, No.1, March 2023 : 254 - 265", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 765, "width": 432, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes, Kurnia Rahman Agus", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "264", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 98, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 122, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This gamification learning media was developed to help students understand the material and increase learning motivation. With the increase in learning motivation is also expected to increase student achievement. Multimedia elements such as text, images, sounds, animations serve as interactive ways for students to learn programming and increase student interest in learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This game can also help teachers to explain learning material control structure repetition and branching in basic programming lessons in vocational high schools.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "For further development, this learning media needs to be improved in terms of system management such as teacher access in entering questions and game missions. and also to be able to connect with online classes such as Google Classroom and others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 300, "width": 438, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Kemendikbud, \"Surat Keputusan Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah nomor 330 tentang Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi dasar Mata Pelajaran Muatan Nasional(A), Muatan Kewilayahan (B), Dasar Bidang Keahlian(C1), Dasar Program Keahlian(C2), dan Kompetensi Keahlian,\" 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 87, "top": 338, "width": 438, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] E. 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[ { "left": 114, "top": 13, "width": 231, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 40, "width": 212, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JURNAL ILMU HUKUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 59, "width": 342, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Published by The Law Faculty of Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai University, Indonesia Volume 09 Nomor 01, Juni 2024 ISSN (Print) 2527-4201 ISSN (Online) 2502-1788 Journal Homepage: https://jurnal.saburai.id/index.php/hkm : 10.24967/jcs.v9i1.3121", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 122, "width": 361, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 141, "top": 158, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Herlina Ratna Sambawa Ningrum 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 169, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 197, "width": 232, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Article Info Abstract Corresponding Author: Herlina Ratna Sambawa Ningrum", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 12, "top": 243, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": " [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 273, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Page: 110 - 126", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 292, "width": 94, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "History: Submitted: 10-01-2024 Revised: 20-05-2024 Accepted: 25-05-2024 Published: 30-06-2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 353, "width": 161, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Keyword: [ Implementation, Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs, East Lampung Regency .]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 405, "width": 160, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kata Kunci: [Implementasi, Peraturan Menteri Agraria, Kabupaten Lampung Timur.]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 83, "top": 541, "width": 88, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Copyright © 2023 by Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 571, "width": 160, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 12, "top": 590, "width": 160, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4.0 International License .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 199, "top": 213, "width": 244, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "[This research highlights the issue of land rights as a fundamental issue in society. Implementation of Article 6 paragraph (1) of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases at the East Lampung Regency Land Office is the main focus. The research uses normative and empirical juridical methods with secondary and primary data from literature and field studies as well as qualitative juridical analysis. The results of the research are that the implementation of these provisions has been carried out but has not been optimal. Factors inhibiting the implementation of these provisions are: internal factors, lack of understanding by employees at the East Lampung Regency Land Office regarding the stages of resolving land cases, lack of coordination between each section in the East Lampung Regency Land Office, and the absence of employees who have competence as Mediator. . Meanwhile, external factors include pressure from the community who want their land problems to be resolved immediately, lack of socialization of existing regulations to the community, and the types of cases and conditions in the field.]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 414, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 199, "top": 432, "width": 246, "height": 178, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "[Penelitian ini menyoroti permasalahan hak tanah sebagai isu fundamental masyarakat. Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur menjadi fokus utama. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan empiris dengan data sekunder dan primer dari studi kepustakaan dan lapangan serta analisis yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu Implementasi ketentuan tersebut telah dilaksanakan tetapi belum maksimal. Faktor Penghambat Implementasi ketentuan tersebut yaitu: Faktor internal kurangnya pemahaman para Pegawai di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur tentang tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan, Kurangnya koordinasi antara masing-masing seksi yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur, serta Tidak adanya pegawai yang memiliki kompetensi sebagai Mediator. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yaitu adanya tekanan dari masyarakat yang ingin permasalahan tanahnya segera selesai, kurangnya sosialisasi akan peraturan yang ada kepada masyarakat, dan jenis kasus serta kondisi kasus di lapangan.]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "111", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 70, "top": 57, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 74, "width": 88, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "A. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 92, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tanah merupakan kekayaan alam yang dikuasai negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya kesejahteraan rakyat, hal ini dinyatakan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945, yang dipertegas kembali dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Dasar-Dasar Pokok Agraria dinyatakan; Atas dasar ketentuan dalam Pasal 33 ayat 3 UUD NRI Tahun 1945dan hal-hal sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 1, bumi, air dan ruang angkasa, termasuk kekayaan alam yang terkandung didalamnya itu pada tingkatan tertinggi dikuasai oleh negara, sebagai organisasi kekuasaan. (Andi Bustamin Daeng Kunu, 2012)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 268, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dengan diundangkannya UUPA yang berlaku sejak 24 September 1960, maka bangsa Indonesia telah mempunyai sendiri hukum agraria yang sudah diunifikasi dan bersifat nasional yang berdasar Hukum Adat yang sudah disanir.(Lengkong, 2020) UUPA memuat Panca Program, azas-azas dan ketentuan-ketentuan pokok agraria reform Indonesia, UUPA bukan hanya memuat ketentuan- ketentuan tentang perombakan hukum yang lama menjadi hukum agraria yang baru. Sesuai dengan namanya UUPA, merupakan peraturan dasar pokok-pokok agraria, tentu memuat pokok-pokok persoalan agraria lainnya.(Istijab, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 444, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pengertian “penguasaan” dan “menguasai” dapat dipakai dalam arti fisik, juga dalam arti yuridis.(Ramadhani, 2021) Dalam hukum tanah kita dikenal juga penguasaan yuridis yang tidak memberi kewenangan untuk menguasai tanah secara fisik. Kreditor pemegang hak jaminan atas tanah mempunyai hak penguasaan yuridis atas tanah yang dijadikan agunan, tetapi penguasaannya secara fisik tetap ada pada yang empunya tanah.(Pangidoan et al., 2022) Biarpun bermacam-macam, tetapi semua hak penguasaan atas tanah berisikan serangkaian wewenang, kewajiban dan/atau larangan bagi pemegang haknya untuk berbuat sesuatu mengenai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "112", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "tanah yang dihaki. Lain lagi hak menguasai dari negara yang meliputi semua tanah tanpa terkecuali. Hak menguasai dari negara tidak memberi kewenagan untuk menguasai tanah secara fisik dan menggunakannya seperti hak atas tanah, karena sifatnya semata- mata hukum publik.(Boedi Harsono, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 145, "width": 293, "height": 100, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Permasalahan tanah yang muncul akhir-akhir ini semakin kompek dan beragam, faktor pemicunya bukan hanya permasalahan ekonomi melainkan faktor sosial, budaya bahkan harga diri atau dalam adat lampung biasa menyebutnya dengan istilah piil. Pada dasarnya sumber konflik pertanahan sekarang ini sering terjadi antara lain disebabkan oleh:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 250, "width": 289, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1. Pemilikan/penguasaan tanah yang tidak seimbang dan tidak merata;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 285, "width": 289, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2. Ketidakserasian penggunaan tanah pertanian dan non pertanian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 321, "width": 289, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "3. Kurangnya keberpihakan kepada masyarakat golongan ekonomi lemah;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 356, "width": 290, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4. Kurangnya pengakuan terhadap hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat atas tanah (hak ulayat);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 391, "width": 289, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "5. Lemahnya posisi masyarakat pemegang hak atas tanah dalam pembebasan tanah;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 426, "width": 289, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "6. Permasalahan pertanahan dalam penerbitan sertipikat yang antara lain:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 461, "width": 252, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a. Proses penerbitan sertifikat tanah yang lama dan mahal;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 479, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b. Sertifikat palsu;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 496, "width": 182, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "c. Sertifikat tumpang tindih (overlapping);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 514, "width": 208, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "d. Pembatalan sertipikat.(Mujiburohman, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 538, "width": 293, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional merupakan instansi pemerintah yang telah diberikan kewenangan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang pertanahan didalam penyelesaian sengketa atau konflik pertanahan.(Busroh, 2017) Kewenangan Kementerian Agraria dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "113", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional dalam penyelesesaian sengketa atau konflik pertanahan diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Kewenangan penyelesaian sengketa atau konflik pertanahan yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional merupakan terobosan baru yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah.(Kurniati & Fakhriah, 2017) Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menghindari penumpukan atau paling tidak dapat meminimalisir perkara yang masuk di Pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 233, "width": 293, "height": 240, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dalam hal penyelesaian sengketa atau konflik pertanahan yang ada, Badan Pertanahan Nasional merupakan salah satu lembaga mediasi yang dapat menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan pertanahan dengan mengedepankan prinsip keadilan, yaitu penyelesaian konflik melalui musyawarah mufakat dengan menghormati hak dan kepentingan para pihak yang bersengketa yang prinsip dasarnya adalah solusi sama- sama menang atau dikenal dengan istilah “ win- win solution ” atau normatifnya disebut jalan penyelesaian “ Non- Litigation ” atau Alternative Despute Resulution (ADR), yang selanjutnya untuk mewadahi pelaksanaan ADR tersebut Pemerintah melalui Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. Aturan inilah yang menjadi tolok ukur untuk mengetahui seberapa pentingnya lembaga mediasi didalam penyelesaian konflik tanah. (Montolalu et al., 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 479, "width": 293, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Salah satu permasalahan yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur saat ini salah satunya adalah masih banyaknya permasalahan sengketa hak atas tanah dan masih banyak pula kasus yang sama sering terjadi yang harus segera ditangani. Dengan adanya Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan yang mencabut peraturan sebelumnya yaitu Peraturan Menteri Agraria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "114", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 188, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan, diharapkan dapat lebih efektif dalam penyelesaian sengketa atau konflik pertanahan yang ada. Sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 48 Tahun 2020 tentang Badan Pertanahan Nasional, salah satu tugas dan fungsi Badan Pertanahan Nasional adalah perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan di bidang penanganan dan pencegahan sengketa dan konflik serta penanganan perkara pertanahan. Melalui Peraturan Menteri Agraria Penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan oleh Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) juga diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif oleh masyarakat pencari keadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 250, "width": 293, "height": 188, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ada tiga jenis sengketa tanah antara lain Kasus Ringan. Dikatakan kasus ringan, karena pengadaannya berupa petunjuk teknis manajemen, yang cukup melengkapi perbandingan dengan petunjuk perbandingan kepada pemohon atau pengadu. Kedua, kasus sedang. Ini adalah kasus yang moderat karena melibatkan hukum dalam resolusi dan kontrol yang jelas, tetapi tidak menyebabkan gejala sosial, politik, keamanan atau ekonomi. Ketiga, kasus Berat. Konflik mempengaruhi banyak orang dan dapat dianggap serius jika aspek hukumnya cukup kompleks untuk menimbulkan masalah sosial, politik dan keamanan.(Putu Diva Sukmawati, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 444, "width": 30, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 444, "width": 293, "height": 117, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "melaksanakan tugasnya menyelesaikan kasus/sengketa pertanahan, ada beberapa tahapan yang harus dilakukan Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) sesuai dengan Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. (Rosy et al., 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 567, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Penanganan Sengketa dan Konflik dilakukan melalui tahapan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 579, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a. pengkajian Kasus;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 590, "width": 70, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b. Gelar awal;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 602, "width": 68, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "c. Penelitian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "115", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 117, "top": 57, "width": 122, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "d. ekspos hasil Penelitian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 68, "width": 99, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "e. Rapat Koordinasi;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 80, "width": 91, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "f. Gelar akhir; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 92, "width": 107, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "g. Penyelesaian Kasus”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 115, "width": 293, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Namun kenyataan di lapangan masih banyak beberapa tahapan yang tidak dilaksanakan atau tidak dilaksanakan secera berurutan sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 6 ayat (2) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Hal ini timbul karena banyak faktor, sehingga mengakibatkan penyelesaian kasus/ sengketa yang dilaksanakan tidak berjalan maksimal sesuai peraturan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 282, "width": 111, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "B. Perumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 299, "width": 293, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang di atas, maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 346, "width": 290, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a. Bagaimanakah implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 364, "width": 271, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 434, "width": 290, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b. Apa Faktor Penghambat Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 487, "width": 271, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 540, "width": 121, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "II. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 558, "width": 307, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis – normatif, hal ini dikarenakan penelitian ini mencoba menelaah data sekunder yang diperoleh oleh peneliti dalam penelitian kepustakaan/studi dokumen berkaitan dengan kasus yang menjadi objek penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "116", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 70, "top": 74, "width": 140, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 92, "width": 307, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "A. Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 151, "width": 295, "height": 240, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Penyelesaian Kasus pertanahan dapat diselesaikan melalui Lembaga Kantor Pertanahan (Non Litigasi) dan melalui pengadilan (Litigasi) baik Peradilan umum atau Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara. Setiap kasus pertanahan pada akhirnya memerlukan cara penyelesaian, harapan para pihak yang bersengketa tentunya agar terdapat penyelesaian berkeadilan yang seadil-adilnya. (Rasmawati et al., 2022)Kewenangan Penanganan kasus pertanahan oleh Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional diluar pengadilan dalam hal ini digolongkan menjadi 3 (tiga) klasifikasi yaitu Kasus Berat, Kasus Sedang dan Kasus Ringan. Berdasarkan Pasal 5 Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan.(Sadono, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 397, "width": 293, "height": 223, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Joni Imron S.Si.,M.H selaku Kepala Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur, prosedur penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan lebih kepada penyelesaian sengketa secara mediasi melalui jalur non litigasi dimana dalam proses nya tidak mencari siapa yang benar dan siapa yang salah, karena kewenangan pembuktian mengenai kebenaran materiil adalah kewenangan Pengadilan, namun Kantor pertanahan memfasilitasi ruang bagi para pihak untuk menyelesaikan masalah secara damai dengan mengedepankan kekeluargaan mencari solusi yang terbaik. Nantinya para pihak yang bermasalah akan dipanggil untuk dilakukan mediasi, apabila mediasi pertama tidak ditemui adanya kesepakatan maka akan dilanjutkan ke mediasi kedua sampai dengan mediasi ketiga. Sampai dengan mediasi ketiga tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "117", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "juga ditemui kesepakatan antara para pihak maka Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur melalui seksi Pengendalian dan Penanganan Sengketa akan memberikan surat rekomendasi hasil mediasi yang berisi sengketa dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 145, "width": 293, "height": 188, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kemudian menurutnya Dalam hal ini tidak ada kewenangan Badan Pertanahan Nasional dalam menentukan atau memutuskan, tapi memang kita di fasilitasi oleh Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penangananan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan untuk mengatasinya tapi tidak semerta-merta semudah itu kita mengambil keputusan. Itu semua kembali ke para pihak untuk mencapai keputusan bersama karena mediasi memberikan kepada para pihak perasaan kesamaan kedudukan, dan upaya penentuan hasil akhir perundingan dicapai menurut kesepakatan bersama tanpa tekanan atau paksaan dan solusi yang ditawarkan mengarah kepada winwin solution.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 338, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Eri Juli Martha, S.H.,M.H selaku Kepala Seksi Pengendalian dan Penanganan Sengketa Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan terdapat dalam Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penangananan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan yang terdiri dari tahapan pengkajian Kasus, Gelar awal, Penelitian, ekspos hasil Penelitian, Rapat Koordinasi, Gelar akhir, dan Penyelesaian Kasus, dimana tahapan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk memudahkan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa antara kedua belah pihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 514, "width": 293, "height": 100, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pada Pasal 6 Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penangananan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan menjelaskan mengenai tahapan yang harus di lakukan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan. Namun beberapa praktik nya penanganan sengketa pertanahan tidak diselesaikan atau diselesaiakan secara tidak berurtan sebagaimana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "118", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "diamanatkan daalam pasal 6 ayat 2 Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penangananan dan Penyelesaian Kasus. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam menyelesaikan kasus pertanahan tetap harus melihat kondisi di lapangan, para pihak, serta seberapa besar kriteria kasus yang sedang ditangani. Apakah masuk kedalam kasus berat, sedang atau kasus ringan. Inti dari penanganan sengketa yang dilaksanakan oleh kantor pertanahan adalah menyelesaikan masalah secara damai dengan waktu yang lebih singkat dibanding harus menyelesaikan sengketa melalui jalur pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 233, "width": 293, "height": 205, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Ferdinand, S.SiT selaku kepala Seksi Survey dan Pemetaan Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur bahwa dalam tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan seksi survey dan pemetaan memegang peranan penting, terlebih yang berhubungan dengan sengketa batas. Dalam pelaksanaannya seksi survey dan pemetaan dilibatkan dalam beberapa tahapan penyelesaian kasus diantaranya dalam hal pengumpulan data terkait data-data pengukuran seperti peta, gambar ukur, dll, juga ikut terlibat dalam tahapan penyelesaian kasus seperti gelar awal, mediasi serta tahapan lain sampai dengan gelar kasus akhir yang dilaksanakan di Kantor Wilayah Badan Pertanahan Nasional Provinsi Lampung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 444, "width": 293, "height": 170, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Nova Maroya, S.ST.,M.H selaku Kepala Seksi Penetapan Hak dan Pendaftaran Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur menjelaskan bahwa seksi penetapan dan pendaftaran tanah selalu mengikuti setiap tahapan yang ada dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan dimana setelah surat pengaduan masuk, seksi V akan mengirimkan nota dinas terkait peminjaman warkah terhadap sertipikat yang menjadi objek sengketa. Selanjutnya nota dinas tersebut akan ditindaklanjuti oleh pegawai pada bagian warkah. Seksi penetapan dan pendaftaran tanah merupakan titik awal dari semua proses pendaftaran tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "119", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa tanah sangat diperlukan koordinasi dari beberapa seksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 92, "width": 294, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan teori Sistem Hukum Menurut Lawrence M. Friedman ada tiga elemen utama dari Sistem Hukum (Legal System), yaitu Substansi Hukum (Legal Substance), Struktur Hukum (Legal Structure) , dan Budaya Hukum (Legal Culture). (Friedman, 2011)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 162, "width": 293, "height": 294, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Substansi hukum yaitu mengenai norma, peraturan maupun undang- undang yang dalam hal ini adalah Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Struktur hukum dalam hal ini adalah Sumber Daya Manusia / Pegawai yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur sebagai pelaksana dalam menjalankan tugas penyelesaiaan kasus pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan. Budaya hukum adalah iklim dari pemikiran sosial tentang bagaimana hukum itu (substansi hukum) diaplikasikan, dilanggar atau dilaksanakan oleh struktur hukum, yang dalam hal ini adalah kurangnya pemahaman para pegawai di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur akan peraturan yang ada, terlebih mengenai tahapan penyelesaian kasus yang terdapat dalam Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan yang mengakibatkan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan tidak berjalan maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 461, "width": 293, "height": 153, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut di atas dapat dianalisis bahwa Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur telah diimplementasikan tetapi belum maksimal karena masih ada penghambat sesuai dengan teori sistem hukum dimana substansi hukum dalam hal ini masih di langgar oleh strukur hukum sehingga budaya mengikuti apa yang terdapat dalam struktur hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "120", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 57, "width": 307, "height": 47, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "B. Faktor Penghambat Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 110, "width": 293, "height": 152, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Permasalahan mengenai pertanahan pada saat ini tidak pernah surut bahkan terus meningkat, penyebabnya antara lain keadaan tanah yang terbatas sedangkan jumlah penduduk yang semakin bertambah, harga tanah yang meningkat dengan cepat serta kondisi masayarakat yang semakin sadar akan kepentingan hak atas tanahnya. Berkaitan dengan hak atas tanahnya tersebut, tentu tidak terlepas dengan semakin banyaknya kasus pertanahan. Dalam penanganan kasus pertanahan sendiri terdapat banyak hambatan baik dari dalam maupun dari luar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 268, "width": 293, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Eri Juli Martha, S.H.,M.H, hambatan dalam penerapan Pasal 6 Ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 356, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1. Hambatan Internal, yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 373, "width": 278, "height": 241, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a. Kurangnya koordinasi antara masing-masing seksi yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur. sebagaimana diketahui bahwa dalam pelaksanaan tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan tidak dapat dijalankan sendiri oleh Seksi Pengendalian dan Penanganan Sengketa. Koordinasi dari masing-masing seksi sangat diperlukan terutama koordinasi dari seksi Survey dan Pemetaan serta Seksi Pendaftaran Hak dan Penetapan. Sebagai contoh dalam tahapan pengkajian kasus sangat diperlukan koordinasi dari Seksi Pendaftaran Hak dan Penetapan, dimana di Seksi tersebut semua dokumen pendaftaran tanah (warkah) berada, namun pada praktiknya permohonan warkah yang disampaikan oleh Seksi Pengendalian dan Penanganan Sengketa pertanahan sering dikesampingkan dikarenakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "121", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 57, "width": 264, "height": 188, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "mendahulukan kegiatan rutin yang ada di Seksi tersebut, sehingga menghambat tahapan pengkajian kasus yang dilakukan oleh Seksi Pengendalian dan Penanganan Sengketa. Contoh lain yaitu, Pada Tahapan Penelitian Lapang dimana pada tahap ini diperlukan koordinasi dari Seksi survey dan pemetaan yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur karena berkaitan dengan pengambilan data seperti pengambilan titik koordinat, pengukuran untuk melihat luasan tanahKarena tidak hadirnya petugas dari Pengukuran maka kegiatan pemeriksaan lapang tidak berjalan maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 250, "width": 278, "height": 100, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b. Manajemen warkah yang kurang baik. Dimana dokumen warkah yang seharusnya menjadi hal terpenting terkadang tidak ditemukan atau ditemukan namun tidak lengkap. Hal ini sangat menghambat dalam tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan dimana dalam tahapan pengkajian kasus menjadi tidak maksimal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 356, "width": 278, "height": 240, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "c. Jumlah Sumber Daya Manusia yang ada di Seksi Pengendalian dan Penanganan Sengketa dibandingkan dengan Jumlah perkara serta sengketa yang masuk tidak sesuai. Sebagai contoh jumlah pegawai yang saat ini ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur berjumlah 7 Orang sedangkan jumlah penanganan Perkara yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur yaitu berjumlah 21 Perkara serta 7 Sengketa. Hal ini jelas menjadi hambatan, karena pada akhirnya dalam pelaksanaannya terbentur dengan waktu dan jadwal kegiatan yang berakibat tahapan penangaganan sengketa sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan tidak semua dapat dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "122", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 57, "width": 278, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "d. Tidak adanya pegawai yang memiliki kompetensi sebagai Mediator dikarenakan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 92, "width": 264, "height": 47, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Lampung Timur tidak memiliki Pegawai yang berlisesi Mediator, sehingga hal ini sangat menghambat dalam tahapan Rapat Koordinasi / Mediasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 145, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2. Hambatan Eksternal, yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 162, "width": 278, "height": 30, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a. Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat yang bersengketa mengenai tahapan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 180, "width": 264, "height": 188, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "penyelesaian kasus pertanhan sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Pasal 6 Ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Para pihak hanya cenderung menginginkan permasalahan tanah nya selesai tanpa melalui tahapan yang panjang serta berbelit-belit. Hal ini sangat menghambat dalam penanganan kasus pertanahan dikarenakan tekanan dari para pihak yang menginginkan masalahnya segera diselesaikan sehingga mengakibatkan tahapan penyelesaian kasus tidak semua dapat dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 373, "width": 278, "height": 30, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b. Sengketa yang ditangani bergantung kepada Jenis Kasusnya apakah masuk kedalam kasus berat, sedang atau ringan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 408, "width": 264, "height": 206, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sebagai contoh sengketa yang saat ini sedang ditangani oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur yaitu Sengketa Hak Atas Tanah Warga Gunung Kedatuan Areal Penggunaan Lain ( Apl ) Terletak Di Desa Wana Kecamatan Melinting, Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Provinsi Lampung Antara Syamsudin Dengan Kepala Desa Wana Dan Agus Salim Cs. Kasus ini mengakibatkan tidak semua tahapan penyelesaian kasus sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 6 Ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan dilaksanakan. Tahapan penelitian lapang tidak dilakukan dalam penyelesaian sengketa ini karena kondisi di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "123", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 57, "width": 264, "height": 29, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "lapangan yang tidak kondusif dimana lokasi tanah di Tutup oleh Pihak Penggarap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 92, "width": 293, "height": 328, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan Teori kebijakan publik menurut Thomas R Dye yang mengatakan bahwa kebijakan publik adalah segala sesuatu yang dipilih oleh pemerintah untuk melakukan sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu (Public Policy is whatever the government choose to do or not to do). (Noery, 2022) To do dalam hal ini adalah telah dimplementasikan nya dalam Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan meskipun belum maksimal dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman para Pegawai yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur tentang tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan tersebut yang mengakibatkan tidak semua tahapan dalam peraturan tersebut dilaksanakan atau dilaksanakan secara tidak berurutan. Not to do dalam hal ini dikarenakan Kurangnya koordinasi antara masing-masing seksi yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Manajemen warkah yang kurang baik, kurangnya Sumber daya manusia, serta Tidak adanya pegawai yang memiliki kompetensi sebagai Mediator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 426, "width": 293, "height": 188, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut di atas dapat dianalisis bahwa Faktor Penghambat Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur yaitu terdiri dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu: kurangnya pemahaman para Pegawai yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur tentang tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan, Kurangnya koordinasi antara masing-masing seksi yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Manajemen warkah yang kurang baik, kurangnya Sumber daya manusia, serta Tidak adanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "124", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 57, "width": 293, "height": 117, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "pegawai yang memiliki kompetensi sebagai Mediator. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yaitu adanya tekanan dari masyarakat yang ingin agar permasalahan tanahnya segera selesai, kurangnya sosialisasi akan peraturan yang ada kepada masyarakat, dan jenis kasus serta kondisi kasus di lapangan. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan teori kebijakan publik yaitu memilih untuk melakukan sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu ( choose to do or not to do).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 82, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "IV. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 209, "width": 307, "height": 399, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur telah diimplementasikan tetapi belum maksimal karena masih ada penghambat sesuai dengan teori sistem hukum dimana substansi hukum dalam hal ini masih di langgar oleh strukur hukum sehingga budaya hukum mengikuti apa yang terdapat dalam struktur hukum. Faktor Penghambat Implementasi Pasal 6 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur yaitu terdiri dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu: kurangnya pemahaman para Pegawai yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur tentang tahapan penyelesaian kasus pertanahan, Kurangnya koordinasi antara masing- masing seksi yang ada di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Manajemen warkah yang kurang baik, kurangnya Sumber daya manusia, serta Tidak adanya pegawai yang memiliki kompetensi sebagai Mediator. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yaitu adanya tekanan dari masyarakat yang ingin agar permasalahan tanahnya segera selesai, kurangnya sosialisasi akan peraturan yang ada kepada masyarakat, dan jenis kasus serta kondisi kasus di lapangan. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan teori kebijakan publik yaitu memilih untuk melakukan sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu ( choose to do or not to do).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 9, Nomor 1, 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 644, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "125", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 192, "top": 57, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 29, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Buku:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 86, "width": 328, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Andrian Sutedi. (2014). Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah dan Pendaftarannya, Ctk. Keenam. Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 109, "width": 328, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "B.F. Sihombing. (2019). Sistem Hukum PPAT dalam Hukum Tanah Indonesia. Kencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Boedi Harsono. (2016). Hukum Agraria Indonesia: Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Isi dan Pelaksanaannya. Universitas Trisakti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 168, "width": 328, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Friedman, L. M. (2011). Teori-Teori Hukum Klasik dan Kontemporer. Ghalia Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 328, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Zakie, M. (2013). Kewenangan negara dalam pengadaan tanah bagi kepentingan umum di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Buku Litera.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 227, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Jurnal: Andi Bustamin Daeng Kunu. (2012). Kedudukan Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Tanah. Fiat Justitia Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 262, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Busroh, F. F. (2017). Konseptualisasi omnibus law dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan regulasi pertanahan. Arena Hukum, 10(2), 227 – 250. Istijab, I. (2018). Penyelesaian sengketa tanah sesudah berlakunya undang- undang pokok agraria. Widya Yuridika, 1(1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kurniati, N., & Fakhriah, E. L. (2017). BPN Sebagai Mediator Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Di Indonesia Pasca Perkaban No. 11 Tahun 2016. Sosiohumaniora, 19(2), 95 – 105.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 344, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Lengkong, F. Y. (2020). Penyelesaian Sengketa Dan Konflik Pertanahan Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Lex Privatum, 8(4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 328, "height": 59, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Mengga, M. T. (2020). Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak atas Tanah Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. LEX PRIVATUM, 6(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 450, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Montolalu, M. E., Palilingan, T. N., & Setiabudhi, D. O. (2023). Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Diluar Pengadilan Dalam Kasus Sertifikat Ganda Di Kota Tondano Kabupaten Minahasa. Lex Administratum, 11(5).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 496, "width": 328, "height": 36, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Mujiburohman, D. A. (2018). Potensi permasalahan pendaftaran tanah sistematik lengkap (PTSL). BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 4(1), 88 – 101.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Noery, P. H. F. \". (2022). Kebijakan Informasi Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BPSDM) Aceh Dalam Menyebarkan Informasi Kepada Publik. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 7(3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 579, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pangidoan, D., Franciska, W., & Hutomo, P. (2022). (2022). Analisis Yuridis Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Sertipikat Ganda Hak Atas Tanah Di Pengadilan Negeri. , 1(2), 105-119. SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 20, "width": 285, "height": 24, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "126", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 57, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dan Hukum, 1(2), 105 – 119. Putu Diva Sukmawati. (2022). Hukum Agraria dalam Penyelesaian Tanah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis, 2(2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ramadhani, R. (2021). Analisis Yuridis Penguasaan Tanah Garapan Eks Hak Guna Usaha PT. Perkebunan Nusantara II Oleh Para Penggarap. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Edukasi Sosial Dan Humaniora, 1(1), 860 – 867.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 139, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Rasmawati, I., Laturette, A. I., & Pieter Radjawane. (2022). Kedudukan Badan Pertanahan Nasional Sebagai Mediator Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan.\" 2.1 (2022): . TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 174, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2(1), 47 – 68.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Rosy, K. O., Mangku, D. G. S., & Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2020). Peran Mediasi Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Adat Setra Karang Rupit Di Pengadilan Negeri Singaraja Kelas 1B. Ganesha Law Review, 2(2), 155 – 166.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 221, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sadono, A. H. (2023). Penanganan Masalah Pertanahan Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan.\". Rampai Jurnal Hukum (RJH),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 268, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2(1), 12 – 27.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 279, "width": 328, "height": 36, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sudiro, A. A., & Putra, A. P. (2023). Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Hak Atas Pendaftaran Tanah Dan Hak Kepemilikan Atas Tanah Yang Telah Didaftarkan. Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum, 5(1), 36 – 46.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 19, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JAMBURA ECONOMIC EDUCATION JOURNAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 7, "top": 31, "width": 250, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023 E-ISSN: 2656-4378 P-ISSN: 2655-5689 Journal Homepage: https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jej/index ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 87, "width": 383, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BUDGETARY GOAL CHARACTERISTICS , AKUNTABILITAS, DAN TRANSPARANSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 102, "width": 359, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "TERHADAP KINERJA ANGGARAN DIMODERASI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 189, "top": 148, "width": 221, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami 1) , Tantina Haryati* 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 164, "width": 318, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 180, "width": 192, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email : [email protected] *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 226, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 239, "width": 425, "height": 186, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kompleksnya pengelolaan keuangan daerah dengan sumber daya manusia yang minim jika diukur dari aspek kualitas maka implementasi budgetary goal characteristics , transparansi, dan akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money pada instansi pemerintah penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini menguji serta menganalisis hubungan antara budgetary goal characteristics , transparansi, dan akuntabilitas terhadap kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan subjek analisis pegawai/staff yang berkaitan dengan anggaran di BPKPD Kabupaten Pamekasan. Aplikasi WarpPLS 7.0 digunakan sebagai teknik analisis data. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budgetary goal characteristics ,akuntabilitas, dan transparansi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money di BPKPD Kabupaten Pamekasan. Komitmen organisasi dapat memoderasi budgetary goal characteristics , akuntabilitas, dan transparansi terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 442, "width": 427, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: budgetary goal characteristics , transparansi, akuntabilitas, value for money , komitmen organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 483, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 496, "width": 428, "height": 187, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The complexity of regional financial management with minimal human resources when measured from the quality aspect, it is important to study the implementation of budgetary goal characteristics, transparency, and accountability in managing budget performance with the concept of value for money in government agencies. This study examines and analyzes the relationship between budgetary goal characteristics, transparency, and accountability for budget performance with the concept of value for money and organizational commitment as a moderating variable. This study used a quantitative method with the subject of employee/staff analysis related to the budget at the BPKPD Pamekasan Regency. The WarpPLS 7.0 application is used as a data analysis technique. The research findings show that budgetary goal characteristics, accountability, and transparency have a positive and significant effect on the value for money concept of budget performance management in the BPKPD, Pamekasan Regency. Organizational commitment can moderate budgetary goal characteristics, accountability, and transparency of budget performance management with a value for money concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 692, "width": 425, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : budgetary goal characteristics, transparency, accountability, value for money, organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 456, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor publik merupakan sebuah entitas yang memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat guna terciptanya masyarakat yang sejahtera. Entitas ini menjalankan kegiatannya dengan sumber legitimasi yang berasal dari kepercayaan rakyat, oleh karena itu dalam pelaksanaannya harus dibarengi dengan pemerintahan yang transparan dan bersih (Putra dalam Budiarto & Puspitasari, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 457, "height": 144, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kurun waktu yang tidak lama, akuntansi sektor publik mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat dan mendapat perhatian lebih jika dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya (Batubara & Risna, 2020). Ningsih (2017) mengatakan fenomena yang dapat diamati sekarang terkait APBD yakni menguatnya tuntutan pelaksanaan transparansi dan akuntabilitas oleh entitas sektor publik seperti unit kerja pemerintah dari pusat hingga daerah. Istilah “akuntabilitas publik, reformasi sektor publik, value for money , good public governance , dan privatisasi” telah menambah kosakata baru dalam sektor publik seiring dengan munculnya isu-isu yang berakar pada tuntutan terciptanya good public and corporate governance . Dengan begitu, organisasi sektor publik dituntut untuk mengelola anggarannya secara transparan dan akuntabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 456, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi dari transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah tercantum dalam Perpres No. 29 Tahun 2014 tentang Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (SAKIP) dan UU No. 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Adanya peraturan-peraturan tersebut diharapkan agar pelaksanaan akuntabilitas dan transparansi di organisasi sektor publik terlaksana dengan baik dan merupakan bentuk pertanggungjawaban pemerintah dalam pengungkapan informasi dan kegiatan pemerintah (Saraswati & Suhartini, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 457, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Good Governance merupakan tata kelola pemerintahan yang sedang diusahakan oleh pemerintah baik itu pusat maupun daerah guna mengatasi berbagai macam permasalahan yang ada, tak terkecuali di bidang ekonomi. Dalam upaya perwujudan good governance , perubahan-perubahan pada sektor publik terus digencarkan sejalan dengan penerapan otonomi daerah dan tentunya berdampak pada daerah-daerah dalam bentuk pertanggungjawaban atas pengalokasian dana yang telah diterima dan dikelola (Shara et al., 2020). Transparansi dan akuntabilitas termasuk dua dari sembilan prinsip good governance . Dengan adanya implementasi yang memadai dari keduanya dapat membantu pemerintah dalam mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan dan mewujudkan harapan masyarakat kepada pemerintah. Hal tersebut dapat terwujud melalui penganggaran berbasis kinerja agar hasilnya memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 456, "height": 130, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggaran merupakan suatu pernyataan yang merinci estimasi kinerja untuk dicapai selama periode tertentu dan ditunjukkan dalam bentuk finansial (Mardiasmo dalam Merawati, 2019). Berbeda dengan anggaran, Merawati (2019) mengartikan penganggaran sebagai proses dalam menyiapkan suatu anggaran yang meliputi penentuan alokasi dana untuk setiap program yang dimulai setelah perumusan dan perencanaan strategic. Lebih lanjut, Firmansyah (2019) mengemukakan bahwasanya penganggaran keuangan daerah harus terarah supaya keseluruhan dari mekanisme penyusunan APBD dapat menyatakan justifikasi keputusan mengenai arah kebijakan umum, penetapan alokasi, skala prioritas, dan penyaluran sumber daya yang mengikutsertakan rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 457, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Muis et al., (2020) implementasi anggaran dengan basis kinerja merupakan komponen penting dari mekanisme penyempurnaan manajemen keuangan, dalam hal ini anggaran Negara. Sistem penganggaran ini menurut Purnomo & Putri (2018) menekankan pada konsep value for money yang berdasarkan pada tiga elemen yakni efektivitas, efisiensi, dan ekonomis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 181, "width": 457, "height": 129, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan anggaran dapat terlaksana secara efektif jika penyusunan dan implementasinya memperhatikan dimensi-dimensi karakteristik tujuan anggaran (Kenis dalam Andriani, 2018) . Penerapan budgetary goal characteristics yang terarah dapat membantu mengidentifikasi lebih detail mengenai siapa saja yang terlibat dalam anggaran, kesulitan yang dihadapi, tujuan anggaran, feedbacks yang diterima, dan peningkatan kinerja melalui proses evaluasi sehinggga dapat menunjang keberhasilan dalam pengelolaan kinerja anggaran (Merawati, 2019). Dengan begitu, implementasi BGC diharapkan bisa mencapai sasaran yang telah ditetapkan karena dalam pelaksanaannya dapat berjalan sesuai fungsi dan tujuannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 456, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap organisasi memiliki tujuan untuk meraih kinerja yang optimal dan tidak bisa terlepas dari komitmen oraganisasi dan kepuasan kerja aparat pemerintah daerah sebagai bentuk profesionalisme staff pemerintah dalam menjalankan tugasnya (Mauliza & Astuti, 2022). Komitmen organisasi dapat menjadi salah satu factor yang bisa mempengaruhi kejelasan tujuan anggaran, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas, dalam pengelolaan kinerja anggaran. Komitmen organisasi dapat meningkatkan kejelasan tujuan anggaran, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas sehingga pengelolaan kinerja anggaran dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 446, "width": 333, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Realisasi Anggaran Belanja BPKPD Kabupaten Pamekasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 457, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: LRA BPKPD Kab. Pamekasan, Diolah Peneliti (2022) Berdasarkan Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan Daerah (BPKPD) Kabupaten Pamekasan selama periode 2018-2021, dapat diketahui bahwasanya penyerapan anggaran belanja mengalami fluktuasi. Rendahnya penyerapan anggaran mengindikasikan adanya program atau kegiatan yang belum optimal baik dalam proses perencanaan, implementasi, maupun pelaporannya. Hal tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian dari BPKPD Kabupaten Pamekasan agar implementasi anggaran berbasis kinerja dengan konsep value for money dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Penelitian tentang pengelolaan anggaran berkonsep value for money telah dilakukan oleh beberapa penulis sebelumnya. (Sayuti et al., 2018), (Saraswati & Suhartini, 2022), dan (Hermanto et al., 2021) melakukan penelitian serupa dan menunjukkan hasil bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 457, "height": 232, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akuntabilitas dan transparansi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Hasil penelitian dari (Ashari & Kaukab, 2020) menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja anggara berkonsep valiue for money sedangkan transparansi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Teori keagenan dan teori penetapan tujuan dijadikan landasan dalam penelitian ini dan mendukung peneliti sebelumnya. Agency theory menyatakan hubungan antara principal dan agent dalam melakukan sebuah kontrak kerjasama untuk kepentingan bersama dengan memberikan beberapa wewenang pembuat keputusan dari principal kepada agent (Merawati, 2019). Dalam hubungan tersebut masyarakat selaku principal memercayakan pengelolaan anggarannya kepada BPKPD sebagai agent (Halim, 2008). Goal setting-theory menjelaskan bahwa individu memiliki kebutuhan yang bisa dinilai dan dipikirkan sebagai sebuah sasaran yang hendak dicapai (Haya et al., 2022). Dengan komitmen organisasi yang tinggi maka akan semakin mendorong individu tersebut untuk berusaha lebih giat dalam pencapaian tujuannya. Pegawai/staff yang diberikan kesempatan untuk turut berpartisipasi dalam penetapan tujuan akan berusaha lebih keras untuk mencapai kinerja yang maksimal (Thian, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 334, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengingat begitu kompleksnya pengelolaan keuangan daerah dengan sumber daya manusia yang minim jika diukur dari aspek kualitas, maka penulis berkeinginan untuk meneliti budgetary goal characteristics , akuntabilitas, dan transparansi terhadap kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money dimoderasi komitmen organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah pegawai/staff yang berkaitan dengan penganggaran di BPKPD Kabupaten Pamekasan. Adapun objek yang dijadikan sasaran penelitian yakni budgetary goal characteristics ,akuntabiitas, dan transparasi terhadap kinerja anggaran yang dimoderasi oleh komitmen organisasi. Dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling yakni pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria tertentu. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 66 orang selaku perangkat organisasi di Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Pamekasan dengan kriteria sampel yakni pegawai/staff yang berkaitan dengan penganggaran dan pegawai/staff yang termasuk dalam struktur organisasi inti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 457, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner yaitu dengan menyebar pertanyaan maupun pernyataan kepada responden yang telah disusun secara sistematis, kemudian responden diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner sesuai dengan pandangan mereka. Peneliti menggunakan skala likert dalam mengukur jawaban responden terhadap pernyataan/pertanyaan yang termuat dalam kuesioner agar mudah diolah. Terdapat enam hipotesis yang diuji dengan melihat nilai p-value dan path coefficients dalam kriteria penerimaannya. Aplikasi WarpPLS 7.0 digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 129, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 65, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Outer Model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 743, "width": 136, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Nilai Outer Loading", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 138, "top": 100, "width": 364, "height": 374, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel Indikator Nilai Loading Keterangan Budgetary Goal Characteristics BGC4 0.796 Valid BGC5 0.849 Valid BGC6 0.900 Valid Akuntabilitas AKUN4 0.844 Valid AKUN5 0.922 Valid AKUN6 0.711 Valid AKUN7 0.886 Valid Transparansi TRAN1 0.830 Valid TRAN2 0.717 Valid TRAN5 0.737 Valid TRAN6 0.668 Valid TRAN7 0.821 Valid Komitmen Organisasi KO4 0.846 Valid KO5 0.897 Valid KO6 0.870 Valid KO7 0.697 Valid Kinerja Anggaran berkonsep Value for Money VFM1 0.811 Valid VFM2 0.665 Valid VFM3 0.808 Valid VFM4 0.774 Valid VFM5 0.780 Valid VFM6 0.664 Valid VFM7 0.608 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 120, "top": 478, "width": 241, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer, Diolah WarpPLS 7.0 (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1 dapat diketahui bahwa indikator tersisa telah memenuhi nilai loading faktor yang disarankan yakni sebesar >0,60. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa indikator- indikator yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini telah valid dan menunjukkan validitas konvergen yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 566, "width": 324, "height": 148, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Nilai AVE Variabel AVE Budgetary Goal Characteristics 0,721 Akuntabilitas 0,713 Transparansi 0,573 Kinerja Anggaran berkonsep Value for Money 0,539 Komitmen Organisasi 0,714 Sumber: Data Primer, Diolah WarpPLS 7.0 (2023) Tabel 3. Nilai Composite Reliability & Cronbach's Alpha", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 727, "width": 343, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel Composite Reliability Cronbach's Alpha Budgetary Goal Characteristics 0,886 0,805", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 101, "width": 335, "height": 88, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntabilitas 0,908 0,863 Transparansi 0,870 0,812 Kinerja Anggaran berkonsep Value for Money 0,890 0,855 Komitmen Organisasi 0,908 0,861 Sumber: Data Primer, Diolah WarpPLS 7.0 (2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 194, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 menunjukkan hasil nilai AVE yang mengukur konstruk sudah menunjukkan nilai convergent validity yang baik karena hasilnya >0,50. Tabel 3 mengindikasikan bahwa seluruh variabel telah memenuhi syarat dan memadai dengan nilai CA >0,60 dan CR >0,70. Inner Model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 255, "width": 183, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Nilai R-Square dan Q-Square", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 280, "width": 328, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "R-Squared Q-Squared Kinerja Anggaran berkonsep Value for Money (Y) 0,766 0,427", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 457, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer, Diolah WarpPLS 7.0 (2023) Tabel 4 menunjukkan bahwa nilai R 2 dalam penelitian ini memiliki nilai 0,766 yang menunjukkan bahwasanya model “kuat” dan berarti bahwa variable komitmen organisasi, budgetary goal characteristics , transparansi, dan akuntabilitas dapat mempengaruhi value for money sebesar 76,6%, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain sebesar 23,4%. Sedangkan nilai q-square adalah 0,427 yang berarti bahwa model struktural dalam penelitian ini mengestimasi parameter dan membentuk nilai observasi dari setiap variabel Y sebesar 0,427 yang menunjukkan adanya relevansi prediktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 183, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Hipotesis Gambar 2. Hasil Inner Model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 684, "width": 142, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: WarpPLS 7.0 (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 114, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "β P-Value Keterangan Budgetary goal characteristics → Kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money 0,333 0,002 Diterima", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 100, "width": 417, "height": 188, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntabilitas → Kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money 0,293 0,005 Diterima Transparansi → Kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money 0,213 0,034 Diterima Komitmen organisasi memoderasi budgetary goal characteristics → Kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money -0,320 0,003 Diterima Komitmen organisasi memoderasi akuntabilitas → Kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money -0,236 0,021 Diterima Komitmen organisasi memoderasi transparansi → Kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money -0,480 <0,001 Diterima", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 241, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer, Diolah WarpPLS 7.0 (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 456, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis, menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima apabila p-value bernilai <0,05. Dengan begitu, pengujian seluruh hipotesis pada penelitian ini dinyatakan diterima. Pengujian H 1 menghasilkan nilai path coefficient 0,333 dan p-value sebesar 0,002, pengujian H 2 menghasilkan nilai path coefficient 0,293 dan p-value sebesar 0,005, pengujian H 3 menghasilkan nilai path coefficient 0,213 dan p-value sebesar 0,034 yang mana secara keseluruhan mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara budgetary goal characteristics, akuntabilitas,dan transparansi terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 457, "height": 85, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian H 4 menunjukkan nilai path coefficient -0,320 dan p-value sebesar 0,003, pengujian H 5 menghasilkan nilai path coefficient -0,236 dan p-value sebesar 0,021, pengujian H 6 menghasilkan nilai path coefficient -0,480 dan p-value sebesar <0,001 yang mana secara keseluruhan mengindikasikan bahwa komitmen organisasi dapat memoderasi budgetary goal characteristics, akuntabilitas,dan transparansi terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 553, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Budgetary Goal Characteristics terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 457, "height": 144, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis pertama menunjukkan bahwa variabel budgetary goal characteristics berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Apsari, 2020) dan (Haya et al., 2022). Salah satu maksud yang terkandung dalam budgetary goal characteristics ini adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan anggaran menjadi lebih akurat sehingga pengendalian yang dilakukan menjadi lebih terarah dan terkendali (Pratiwi et al., 2019). Apabila sebuah instansi memperhatikan budgetary goal characteristics dalam pengelolaan anggarannya, maka penganggaran yang dihasilkan akan lebih efisien dan efektif. Dengan begitu, semakin kuat implementasi budgetary goal characteristics maka akan semakin meningkatkan pengelolaan kinerja anggaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 729, "width": 457, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teori penetapan tujuan ( goal-setting theory ) dijadikan landasan dalam penelitian ini dapat memperkuat penelitian sebelumnya mengenai budgetary goal characteristics yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money . Dasar dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "teori penetapan tujuan adalah kebutuhan akan seseorang yang dapat dipikirkan dan dinilai sebagai suatu dampak maupun sasaran yang ingin dicapai (Haya et al., 2022). Teori penetapan tujuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan upaya instansi dalam menggapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan dalam hal ini penganggaran agar menjadi penentu tingkat usaha yang dilakukan sehingga instansi pemerintah akan maksimal dalam pencapaian kinerja anggaran yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 188, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Akuntabilitas terhadap Pengelolaan Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 217, "width": 456, "height": 144, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis kedua menunjukkan bahwa variabel akuntabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Batubara & Risna, 2020), (Budiarto & Puspitasari, 2020), dan (Shara et al., 2020). Akuntabilitas secara harfiah dapat diartikan sebagai pertanggungjawaban. Pertanggungjawaban atas keberhasilan dan kegagalan kepada yang mengamanatkan kewenangan dan puas terhadap kinerja pelaksanaan kegiatannya (Batubara & Risna, 2020). Kinerja tersebut perlu diukur dan dilaporkan guna terciptanya akuntabilitas. Dengan penerapan akuntabilitas yang tinggi maka akan mendorong sebuah instansi untuk mengelola anggarannya secara tepat sehingga sasaran dan tujuan yang diinginkan dapat tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 457, "height": 144, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teori keagenan ( agency theory ) dijadikan landasan dalam penelitian ini dapat memperkuat penelitian sebelumnya mengenai akuntabilitas yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan anggaran dengan konsep value for money . Dasar dari teori keagenan adalah terdapat hubungan antara agent dan principal dimana agent harus mempertanggungjawabkan semua aktivitas dan kegiatannya kepada masyarakat selaku principal agar masyarakat mengetahui semua program yang tengah dilakukan oleh instansi (Saraswati & Suhartini, 2022). Teori keagenan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan kewajiban instansi dalam mempertanggungjawabkan segala kegiatan dan aktivitasnya kepada masyarakat sehingga instansi akan memaksimalkan pengelolaan anggarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Transparansi terhadap Pengelolaan Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 540, "width": 457, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis ketiga menunjukkan bahwa variabel transparansi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Sayuti et al., 2018), (Purnomo & Putri, 2018), dan (Periansya et al., 2021). Transparansi merupakan keterbukaan instansi pemerintah dalam menyajikan informasi atas kegiatan dan kinerja pemerintah yang dibutuhkan masyarakat. Transparansi akan membentuk akuntabilitas horizontal antara rakyat dengan pemerintah daerah sehingga dapat menciptakan pemerintahan yang bersih, efisien, dan efektif (Nurkholis & Khusaini, 2019). Dengan adanya transparansi dari instansi pemerintah maka akan timbul kepercayaan masyarakat melalui informasi-informasi yang disajikan dan mudah diakses publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 457, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teori keagenan ( agency theory ) dijadikan landasan dalam penelitian ini dapat memperkuat penelitian sebelumnya mengenai transparansi yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money . Dasar dari teori keagenan adalah terdapat hubungan antara agent dan principal dimana agent harus memberikan informasi secara terbuka kepada principal dalam hal ini masyarakat. Teori keagenan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan perlunya instansi pemerintah untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan informasi secara terbuka kepada masyarakat selaku pemberi wewenang agar tercipta kepercayaan antarra agent dan principal . Pengaruh Budgetary Goal Characteristics terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money Dimoderasi oleh Komitmen Organisasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 158, "width": 457, "height": 144, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis keempat menunjukkan bahwa variabel komitmen organisasi dapat memoderasi pengaruh budgetary goal characteristics terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Pratiwi et al., 2019) dan (Adnantara & Asana, 2018). Budgetary goal characteristics merupakan elemen yang berperan untuk melaksanakan rencana pengelolaan baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Komitmen organisasi yang kuat akan menjadikan budgetary goal characteristics semakin jelas dan memadai. Dengan begitu, semakin tinggi komitmen organisasi yang diberikan oleh pegawai/staff di sebuah instansi maka akan semakin baik pula karakteristik tujuan anggaran yang terdapat pada instansi yang akhirnya akan berimbas pada pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang ekonomis, efektif, dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 305, "width": 457, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teori penetapan tujuan ( goal-setting theory ) dijadikan landasan dalam penelitian ini dapat memperkuat penelitian sebelumnya mengenai budgetary goal characteristics yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan anggaran berkonsep value for money dimoderasi oleh komitmen organisasi. Dasar dari teori penetapan tujuan adalah kebutuhan akan seseorang yang dapat dipikirkan dan dinilai sebagai suatu dampak maupun sasaran yang ingin dicapai (Haya et al., 2022). Hal ini sesuai dengan komitmen yang dimiliki para pegawai/staff dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dalam sebuah organisasi/instansi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 457, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen organisasi menunjukkan keyakinan aparatur instansi dalam mengoptimalkan anggaran dalam rangka melaksanakan visi dan misi pemerintah dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaan keuangan daerah sesuai dengan sasaran yang diharapkan. Teori penetapan tujuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan dibutuhkannya budgetary goal characteristics dalam pengelolaan anggaran pada sebuah instansi dengan cara memanfaatkan komitmen yang diberikan oleh para pegawai/staff guna menciptakan kinerja anggaran yang lebih ekfektif, ekonomis, dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Akuntabilitas terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money Dimoderasi oleh Komitmen Organisasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 540, "width": 457, "height": 158, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis kelima menunjukkan bahwa variabel komitmen organisasi dapat memoderasi pengaruh akuntabilitas terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Hasil tersebut tidak sejalan dengan penelitian (Saraswati & Suhartini, 2022). Akuntabilitas merupakan kewajiban instansi pemerintah untuk mengungkapkan dan mempertanggungjawabkan segala kegiatan dan aktivitasnya kepada masyarakat yang berhak meminta pertanggungjawaban tersebut (Mardiasmo, 2021 : 27). Komitmen organisasi yang kuat akan menjadikan akuntabilitas pemerintahan berjalan dengan baik. Dengan begitu, semakin tinggi komitmen organisasi yang diberikan oleh pegawai/staff di sebuah instansi maka akan semakin meningkatkan akuntabilitas instansi pemerintah sehingga pemerintah dapat mempertanggungjawabkan kegiatannya kepada publik dan akan menciptakan pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang baik pula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 456, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen organisasi menunjukkan kesanggupan aparatur instansi dalam mengoptimalkan pertanggungjawaban anggaran dalam rangka melaksanakan tanggung jawab yang diberikan masyarakat atas pelaksanaan kinerja yang telah dilaksanakan. Dengan memadukan antara agency theory dan goal-setting theory dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwasanya instansi berkewajiban untuk mempertanggungjawabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 457, "height": 70, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "aktivitasnya kepada publik selaku principal . Untuk meningkatkan hal tersebut maka diperlukan komitmen organisasi yang kuat agar instansi dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya secara baik sehingga akan berimbas pada pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang baik pula. Pengaruh Transparansi terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money Dimoderasi oleh Komitmen Organisasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 457, "height": 203, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis keenam menunjukkan bahwa variabel komitmen organisasi dapat memoderasi pengaruh transparansi terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran dengan konsep value for money . Hasil tersebut tidak sejalan dengan penelitian (Saraswati & Suhartini, 2022). Transparansi merupakan keterbukaan pemerintah kepada masyarakat akan segala informasi yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan instansi pemerintah. Dengan adanya transparansi berarti rakyat memiliki hak untuk mengetahui secara menyeluruh dan terbuka akan tanggung jawab instansi pemerintah dalam mengelola sumber daya yang diamanahkan oleh rakyat serta mentaati peraturan yang berlaku (Erlina dalam Hasugian et al., 2021). Komitmen organisasi yang tinggi akan memperkuat transparansi pemerintah dalam mempertanggungjawabkan kinerjanya. Dengan begitu, semakin tinggi komitmen organisasi yang diberikan oleh pegawai/staff di sebuah instansi maka akan semakin meningkatkan transparansi instansi pemerintah sehingga pemerintah dapat mempertanggungjawabkan kegiatannya kepada masyarakat dan masyarakat bisa mengawasi pemerintah dalam melaksanakan tanggung jawab yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 457, "height": 115, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen organisasi menunjukkan kesanggupan aparatur instansi dalam memberikan informasi seluas-luasnya kepada masyarakat mengenai penyelenggaran kegiatan instansi pemerintah. Dengan memadukan antara agency theory dan goal-setting theory dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwasanya instansi berkewajiban untuk memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan kepada publik selaku principal . Untuk meningkatkan hal tersebut maka diperlukan komitmen organisasi yang kuat agar instansi dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya secara baik sehingga akan berimbas pada pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang baik pula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 68, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 527, "width": 457, "height": 246, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas, maka simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah budgetary goal characteristics , transparansi, dan akuntabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money di BPKPD Kabupaten Pamekasan. Pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang sesuai dengan prinsip ekonomi, efektif, dan efisien akan semakin baik jika budgetary goal characteristics , akuntabilitas, dan transparansi semakin diterapkan. Komitmen organisasi dapat memoderasi budgetary goal characteristics , akuntabilitas, dan transparansi terhadap pengelolaan kinerja anggaran berkonsep value for money . Semakin tinggi komitmen organisasi yang diberikan oleh pegawai/staff BPKPD maka akan semakin meningkatkan implementasi budgetary goal characteristics , akuntabilitas, dan transparansi instansi pemerintah sehingga dapat mempertanggungjawabkan kegiatannya kepada masyarakat dan terciptanya pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang baik sehingga akan berimbas pada pengelolaan kinerja anggaran yang ekonomis, efektif, dan efisien. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan untuk menambah jumlah sampel dan menggunakan metode campuran antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif agar informasi yang didapat lebih detail dan akurat. Peneliti selanjutnya juga diharapkan agar menambah atau mengganti variabel lainnya sehingga dapat menambah literasi dan variasi topik penelitian kedepan serta pembahasan terdefinisi dengan lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura Economic Education Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 No 2 July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hayyin Rizki Utami, Tantina Haryati.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Akuntabilitas, Dan Transparansi … hlm. 100 - 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 304, "top": 781, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 93, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 457, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adnantara, K. F., & Asana, G. H. S. (2018). Budaya Paternalistik da Komitmen Organisasi dalam Memoderasi Budgetary Goal Characteristics terhadap Kinerja. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen & Akuntansi , 24 (2), 204 – 213.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andriani, R. (2018). Pengaruh Budgetary Goal Characteristics terhadap Kinerja Manajerial dengan Budaya Organisasi dan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi Empiris pada Hotel-Hotel Berbintang di Sumatera Barat-Riau). Jurna Ilmiah Cano Ekonomos , 7 (2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 457, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apsari, M. P. (2020). Pengaruh Karakteristik Tujuan Anggaran terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Pemerintah Daerah pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kota Denpasar . Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 456, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ashari, M. I., & Kaukab, M. E. (2020). Analisis Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 293, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA) , 2 (5), 728 – 740. https://doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v2i5.669", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 456, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batubara, Z., & Risna, R. (2020). Pengaruh Akuntabilitas, Partisipasi Dan Pengawasan Terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value For Money Pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis. JAS (Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah) , 4 (1),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 366, "width": 230, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "95 – 109. https://doi.org/10.46367/jas.v4i1.221", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budiarto, D. S., & Puspitasari, M. D. (2020). Meningkatkan Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value for Money. Accounting Gobal Journal , 4 (2), 153 – 166. https://doi.org/0000-0002-8785- 5014", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Firmansyah, I. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Realisasi Anggaran, Reinventing Government dan Pengendalian Internal Pemerintah Terhadap Kinerja Operasional. In Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) (Vol. 4, Issue 3). Halim, A. (2008). 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[ { "left": 216, "top": 36, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agripreneur, 11 (2) (2022) pp.100-105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 255, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/Agripreneur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 798, "width": 347, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agripreneur : Agribusiness Agriculture Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 258, "top": 51, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published by: IOCSCIENCE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 73, "width": 318, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agripreneur: Journal of Agribusiness Agriculture", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 90, "width": 283, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/Agripreneur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 130, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Test of Various Media of Antagonistic Agents Paenibacillus polymyxa Cav. Against Bacterial Leaf Blight Attack Intensity Growth and Yield of Rice Plant Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 183, "width": 273, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhamad Agung Yogaswara 1 , Ai Komariah 2 , Elly Roosma Ria 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 194, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,3 Mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian-Universitas Winaya Mukti, Jl. Raya Bandung- Sumedang Km.29 Tanjungsari 45362, Kab. Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 216, "width": 411, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Dosen Program Studi Magister Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian-Universitas Winaya Mukti, Jl. Raya Bandung- Sumedang Km.29 Tanjungsari 45362, Kab. Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 239, "width": 145, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 264, "width": 31, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 442, "height": 153, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An experiment was carried out in Margasari Village, Dawuan District, Subang Regency, from July 2022 until November 2022. The purpose of this research studied the efficacy of media types of Paenibacillus antagonist agents. polymyxa in controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight on several varieties of rice plants and to obtain the most effective medium for controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight. The method used in this study was an experimental method, with a randomized block design, factorial pattern, which consisted of two treatment factors, namely factors of various Paenibacillus polymyxa media and varieties and repeated three times. The first factor was various Paenibacillus polymyxa (M) media consisting of three treatment levels, namely: m1 (Potato extract, m2 (Sweet potato extract) and m3 (Taro extract). The second factor variety (V) consisted of three levels, namely : v1 (Sidenuk), v2 (Padjajaran) and v3 (Cakrabuana). The results showed that (1) There was an interaction between P. polymyxa Antagonist Agent media on potato extract and Cakrabuana rice variation on the intensity of Bacterial Leaf Blight at 28 HST 0.09% and 35 HST 0.09% and obtained a seed weight per plot of 5.4 kg (8.64 tons ha-1) (2) Media treatment of P. Polymyxa antagonist agent on potato extract affected the intensity of Bacterial Leaf Blight, plant height. , number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, number of panicles clump, seed weight clump and seed weight plot (3) The cakrabuana rice variety affects the intensity of bacterial leaf blight, the number of productive tillers, the weight of 1000 grains,. the number of panicles clump and the seed weight plot, while the sidenuk rice variety was significantly different on plant height and seed weight clump.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 277, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Rice Varieties and Bacterial Leaf Blight", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 442, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rice is a staple food consumed by the majority of the Indonesian population. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (2022), Indonesia's population in 2020 was 269 603.4 million people, the average population growth rate was 1.40% per year and rice consumption was 114 kg per capita per year. The need for rice continues to increase along with the rate of population growth and the increase in population. The decline in rice production in Indonesia is caused by several factors, including the conversion of agricultural land to development, global warming, and pest and disease attacks. According to BBPOPT Jatisari (2021), the application of P. polymyxa antagonist agents is generally able to inhibit the early symptoms of the main diseases of rice plants, including Cescospora sp, HDB and Blas. Many farmers have used P. polymyxa antagonist agents to control HDB disease in the field, however, information regarding the type of P. polymyxa antagonist media that is effective in reducing the intensity of HDB disease attacks on several rice varieties is not widely known so it needs to be researched.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 442, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was carried out using an experimental approach through field trials. The experiment will be carried out in Margasari Village, Dawuan District, Subang Regency. The experiment will be carried out in July - November 2022. The materials used in this activity are rice seeds of the Cakrabuana Agritan, Padjajaran Agritan, and Sidenuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 143, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101 Journal of Agribusiness Agriculture", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 342, "top": 50, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2302-9625 (Print) 2828-6316 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 104, "top": 783, "width": 423, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhamad Agung Yogaswara,- Test of Various Media of Antagonistic Agents Paenibacillus polymyxa Cav. Against Bacterial Leaf Blight Attack Intensity Growth and Yield of Rice Plant Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 130, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "varieties, potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, glaswall, potassium permanganate (KMNO4), Paenibacillus polymyxa isolate/starter, media NA (Nutrient Agar), manure, urea fertilizer, SP-36 fertilizer, KCL fertilizer and sterile water/distilled water. The tools used are: colony counter, test tube, petridish, tube needle, pipette, test tube rack, vortex mixer, jerry can, aerator, hose, L hose connection, knife, pan, stove, cutting board, plastic bottle, scale, stake, treatment labels, electric handsprayer, measuring cups, filters, stationery and cameras. The experiment used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of two factors. The first factor was Various Media Agens Antaronis P. polymyxa (m) with three levels and the second factor was variety (v) with three levels, repeated three times, so that in each repetition there were nine treatment combinations placed randomly.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 274, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. List of Treatment Combinations", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 284, "width": 323, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Various Media P. polymyxa (m) Variety (V) v1 (Sidenuk) v2 (Padjadjaran) v3 (Cakrabuana) m1 (Potato Extract) m1v1 m1v2 m1v3 m2 (Yam Extract) m2v1 m2v2 m2v3 m3 (Taro Extract) m3v1 m3v2 m3v3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 180, "top": 353, "width": 253, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Operational Independent Variables and Dependent Variables", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 114, "top": 369, "width": 375, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Variable Type Sub Variable Variable Indicator 1. Independent Variable (Independent Variable) / Treatment 1. Various Media Agents Antagonist P. polymyxa (m) m1 = Potato Extract m2 = Sweet Potato Extract m3 = Taro Extract 2. Variety (v) v1 = Sidenuk v2 = Padjajaran v3 = Cakrabuana 2. Dependent Variable (Deoendent Variable) / Response 1. Intensity of HDB Disease Attacks 1. HDB attack intensity level (%) 2. Growth 1. Plant Height 2. Number of offspring 3. Results 1. Number of panicles per clump 2. Weight 1000 Items 3. Seed weight per hill 4. Seed weight per plot", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 178, "top": 521, "width": 256, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. List of Factorial Pattern Randomized Group Design Analysis .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 539, "width": 396, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variety Source DB JK KT Fh F0.05 1. Deuteronomy (r) 2 ΣXj..2/tX...2/rt JKr/DBr KTr/KTGalat 3.44 2.Treatment (t) (8) ΣX.kl2/rX...2/rt JKt/DBt KTt/KTGalat 2.82 Paenibacillus media p. (m) 2 ΣX.k. 2/rv-X...2/rt JKK/DBK KTA/KTGal at 3.05 Variety (v) 2 ΣX..l2/rk-X...2/rt JKV/DBV KTI/KTGalat 3.44 Interaction (mv) 4 JKt-JKk-JKv JKKV/DBKV KTAI/KTGal at 2.55 3. Error 16 JKtotal-Jkr-JKt JKError/DBErr or - - 4. Total 26 ΣXjkl2 - X...2/rt - - - Source: Toto Warsa and Cucu SA (1982) Source: Toto Warsa and Cucu SA (1992) Information : DB = Degrees of Freedom JK = Sum of Squares Fh = Fcount KT = Middle Square F0.05 = F Table level 5%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 729, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Intensity of HDB Disease Attacks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of variance analysis calculations showed that various P. polymyxa media treatments had a good effect on the intensity of HDB attacks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 36, "width": 223, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " ISSN: 2302-9625 (Print)2828-6316 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 794, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agripreneur, Vol. 11, no. 2 December 2022: pp 100-105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 130, "width": 364, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. 4a. Interaction Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on the intensity of HDB", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 146, "width": 135, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "disease attacks at the age of 28 HST.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 163, "width": 365, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media HDB Attack Intensity (%) v1(Sidenuk) v2 (Padjadjaran) v3(Cakrabuana) m1 (Potato Extract) 0.36 b 0.22 a 0.09 a B A A m2 (Yam Extract) 0.44 b 0.27 a 0.27 a C AB BC m3 (Taro Extract) 0.13 a 0.87 c 0.69 BC A B C", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 238, "width": 403, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: The average numbers marked with the same lowercase (horizontal) and uppercase (vertical) letters are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 272, "width": 334, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. 4b. Interaction Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on the intensity of HDB disease attacks at the age of 35 HST", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 304, "width": 369, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media HDB Attack Intensity (%) v1(Sidenuk) v2 (Padjadjaran) v3(Cakrabuana) m1 (Potato Extract) 0.38 b 0.27 a 0.09 a A A A m2 (Yam Extract) 0.49 a 0.36 a 0.27 a AB AB AB m3 (Taro Extract) 1.00 a 1.48 BC 1.49 c B B B", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 380, "width": 420, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Average numbers marked with the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Plant Height", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 443, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the variance analysis calculation showed that P. polymyxa media showed significantly different effects at 21 DAP, 28 DAP, 35 DAP, 42 DAP, 49 DAP and 56 DAP on plant height.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 475, "width": 428, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6. Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on Plant Height at 21 HST, 28 HST, 35 HST, 42 HST, 49", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 485, "width": 386, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HST, and 56 HST Treatment Plant Height (cm) 21 HST 28 HST 35 HST 42 HST 49 HST 56 HST Influence of Various Media m1 (Potato Extract) 122.00 c 139.33 b 163.00 c 180.00 c 209.33 c 239.33 c m2 (Yam Extract) 119.33 b 139.00 b 155.33 b 171.00 b 196.67 b 231.67 b m3 (Taro Extract) 114.67 a 133.67 a 150.67 a 165.67 a 188.67 a 219.33 a Effect of Variety v1 (Sidenuk) 131.67 c 149.67 c 167.33 c 183.33 c 209.33 c 250.33 c v2 (Pajajaran) 103.67 a 123.67 a 142.67 a 163.00 a 181.67 a 210.00 a v3 (Cakrabuana) 120.67 b 138.67 b 159.00 b 170.33 b 203.67 b 230.00 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 595, "width": 420, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Average numbers marked with the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Number of Panicles per Clump", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 442, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the analysis of variance calculation showed that the treatment of various m1 media was significantly different from the treatment of various m2 and m3 media, as well as the treatment of v1 varieties was significantly different from the treatment of v2 and v3 varieties.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 713, "width": 355, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 7. Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on the Number of Panicles Per Clump", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 724, "width": 267, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Treatment Average Panicles Per Clump (clump) Influence of Various Media m1 (Potato Extract) 107.33 c m2 (Yam Extract) 101.00 a m3 (Taro Extract) 101.33 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 143, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "103 Journal of Agribusiness Agriculture", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 342, "top": 50, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2302-9625 (Print) 2828-6316 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 104, "top": 783, "width": 423, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhamad Agung Yogaswara,- Test of Various Media of Antagonistic Agents Paenibacillus polymyxa Cav. Against Bacterial Leaf Blight Attack Intensity Growth and Yield of Rice Plant Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 155, "top": 129, "width": 267, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Effect of Variety v1 (Sidenuk) 91.67 a v2 (Pajajaran) 104.00 b v3 (Cakrabuana) 114.00 c", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 167, "width": 392, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Average numbers marked with the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4 Weight 1000 Items", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 219, "width": 443, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the analysis of variance calculation show that the treatment of various m1 media is significantly different from m3 and m2. The treatment of the v1 variety was significantly different from the treatment of the v2 and v3 varieties. Thus, it shows that the best results were achieved in the treatment of various media m1 (Potato Extract) and the treatment of variety v3 (Cakrabuana) which showed the highest yield of 1000 grain weights.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 308, "width": 328, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 8. Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on the Weight of 1000 Grains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 324, "width": 266, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Treatment Weight of 1000 Items (g) Influence of Various Media m1 (Potato Extract) 84.47 c m2 (Yam Extract) 79.90 b m3 (Taro Extract) 73.90 a Effect of Variety v1 (Sidenuk) 77.57 a v2 (Pajajaran) 78.83 b v3 (Cakrabuana) 81.87 c", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 408, "width": 377, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: The average numbers marked with the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 5%5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5 Weight 1000 Items", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 459, "width": 443, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the analysis of variance calculation showed that the treatment of various m1 media was significantly different from m3 but not significantly different from the treatment of various m2 media, likewise the treatment of variety v1 was significantly different from the treatment of variety v3 and not significantly different from the treatment of variety v3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 533, "width": 320, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 9. Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on Seed Weight Per Clump", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 550, "width": 284, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Treatment Seed Weight Per Clump (g) Influence of Various Media m1 (Potato Extract) 395.70 c m2 (Yam Extract) 350.23 BC m3 (Taro Extract) 313.25 a Effect of Variety v1 (Sidenuk) 407.80 c v2 (Pajajaran) 353.06 BC v3 (Cakrabuana) 298.32 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 142, "top": 633, "width": 384, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Average numbers marked with the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 5%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.6 Seed Weight per Plot", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 443, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of analysis of variance calculations showed that various P. polymyxa media treatments had a good effect on seed weight per plot.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 721, "width": 324, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 10. Effect of Various P. polymyxa Media and Varieties on Seed Weight Per Clump", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 738, "width": 338, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Seed Weight Per Plot (kg) v1(Sidenuk) v2 (Padjadjaran) v3(Cakrabuana) m1 (Potato Extract) 4.98 a 5.23 b 5.40 c", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "104", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 36, "width": 223, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " ISSN: 2302-9625 (Print)2828-6316 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 794, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agripreneur, Vol. 11, no. 2 December 2022: pp 100-105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 129, "top": 129, "width": 333, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C C C m2 (Yam Extract) 4.57 a 4.78 BC 5,10 c BC BC BC m3 (Taro Extract) 3.48 a 3.63 a 3.75 b A A A", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 177, "width": 406, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Average numbers marked with the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 5%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 217, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 443, "height": 191, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cakrabuana rice variety against HDB disease intensity at 28 HST 0.09% and 35 HST 0.09% and obtained a seed weight per plot of 5.4 kg (8.64 Tons ha-1). Treatment of P. Polymyxa antagonist agent media in potato extract affected the intensity of HDB disease attacks, plant height, number of productive tillers, weight of 1000 grains, number of panicles per hill, seed weight per hill and seed weight per plot. The cakrabuana rice variety has an effect on the intensity of HDB disease attacks, the number of productive tillers, the weight of 1000 grains, the number of panicles per hill and the seed weight per plot, while the Sidenuk rice variety is significantly different in terms of plant height and seed weight per hill. Based on the conclusions above, it can be recommended to apply P. Polymyxa, apart from using potato extract media, it can also be used as a sweet potato extract media on the Sidenuk and Cakrabuana varieties on a wide scale to see whether the effectiveness of P. polymyxa can be as effective on a plot scale and it is necessary to socialize the use of the agent. P. polymyxa antagonists in controlling various rice plant diseases for farmers so that the benefits can be felt.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 443, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alkautsar, M. A. (2022). 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[ { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 139, "width": 428, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penguatan Aspek SDM Petani Cabai Desa Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 170, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lita Wulantika 1 ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 186, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Manajemen, Universitas Komputer Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 211, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E ‐ mail : [email protected] ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 244, "width": 405, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Info Artikel: Diterima : 17 Juli 2021 Diperbaiki : 28 Juli 2021 Disetujui : 1 Desember 2021 Abstract: Chili is one type of horticultural plant where it is the key in promoting food diversification because this plant is a plant that is often consumed by the wider community. Chili plants are also seasonal crops so that they are considered to be able to support farmers ʹ income", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 314, "width": 405, "height": 387, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "in a short period when compared to other plantation crops. Due to the high price of chili in the market, it turns out that at the farmer level the selling price of their chili products remains unchanged in the sense that there is no fantastic price increase. Chili farmers in Cipanas Village quickly and easily sell their products to middlemen. However, the selling price they receive is lower and the price has been determined by the middlemen. This condition causes farmers to unwittingly depend on middlemen and this is a serious problem that needs attention. One of the efforts related to these problems can be done through the provision of information from the marketing aspect. This community service is focused on marketing chili farmers so that the purpose of this service activity is to provide a domino effect that begins with strengthening human resources as a driver to increase the knowledge possessed by farmers, especially regarding online marketing, so that it will provide more benefits that involve chili farmers and housewives. The methods used include online training and assistance to farmers. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge of chili farmers, especially related to online marketing, with that knowledge farmers can slowly improve the quality of life and encourage an increase in the income of each farmer and this will trigger the movement of the economy in Cipanas Village, Cianjur Regency so that all people can benefit from it. Keywords: Online Marketing,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 328, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Training, Human Resources", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 142, "width": 405, "height": 541, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pemasaran online, Pelatihan, Sumber daya manusia Abstrak : Cabai merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hortikultura dimana tanaman ini menjadi kunci dalam menggalakan diversifikasi pangan karena tanaman ini adalah tanaman yang sering dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat luas. Tanaman Cabai juga merupakan tanaman musiman sehingga dinilai dapat menunjang pendapatan petani dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu lama jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman perkebunan lainnya. Tingginya harga cabai dipasaran ternyata di tingkat petani harga jual produk cabai mereka tetap tidak bergeming dalam arti tidak mengalami kenaikan harga yang fantastis. Petani cabai di Desa Cipanas secara cepat dan mudah menjual hasil produksinya kepada tengkulak . Akan tetapi harga dijual yang mereka terima lebih rendah dan harga tersebut telah ditentukan oleh tengkulak. Kondisi ini menyebabkan tanpa disadari petani tergantung kepada tengkulak dan ini merupakan suatu permasalahan serius yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Salah satu upaya terkait permasalahan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian informasi dari aspek pemasaran. Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini difokuskan kepada pemasaran Cabai para petani sehingga tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan efek domino yang diawali dengan penguatan Sumber daya manusia sebagai penggerak untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh petani terutama terkait pemasaran online, sehingga akan memberikan keuntungan yang lebih bagi para petani cabai dan ibu rumah tangga yang terlibat. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pelatihan secara online dan pendampingan kepada para petani. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan petani cabai khususnya terkait pemasaran online yang dengan pengetahuan itu petani perlahan dapat meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan dan mendorong peningkatan pendapatan setiap petani dan ini akan memicu bergeraknya perekonomian di Desa Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur sehingga semua masyarakat dapat merasakan manfaat juga.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 143, "width": 80, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 160, "width": 425, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indonesia sudah sejak lama dikenal sebagai negara agraris disebabkan lokasinya yang cukup strategis dan potensial. Hal ini dibuktikan pada tahun 1980 Indonesia pernah mencapai swasembada pangan dan berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), pertanian sebagai penyumbang PDB terbesar kedua. Ketersediaan bahan pangan yang berasal dari produk pertanian cukup melimpah dan setidaknya memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia. Komoditas pangan mempunyai peran yang sangat strategis karena dapat menimbulkan gejolak yang dapat memengaruhi kondisi makro ekonomi, disamping menjadi penyumbang inflasi yang cukup signifikan. Komoditas pangan yang saat ini menjadi perhatian pemerintah dan masyarakat dikarenakan harganya yang fantastis yaitu cabai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 312, "width": 425, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanaman cabai merupakan tanaman yang sangat popular dan merupakan komoditas pokok yang margin perdagangan dan pengangkutan (MPP) termasuk yang tertinggi dibanding komoditas lain. Sebagai salah satu primadona pangan di Indonesia, saat ini harga cabai sangat fantastis dan menggiukan untuk siapapun. Berdasarkan data PIHPS, sejak 31 Desember 2019 hingga Jumat (10 Januari 2021), dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 389, "width": 425, "height": 102, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "12 harga bahan pokok yang Tim Riset CNBC Indonesia amati, terdapat 8 komoditas yang mengalami kenaikan harga dan empat sisanya mengalami penurunan harga Komoditas yang mengalami kenaikan harga pada periode tersebut adalah cabai, bawang putih ukuran sedang, minyak goreng curah, gula pasir lokal, dan beras kualitas medium I. Kenaikan harga yang paling tinggi dicatatkan oleh cabai rawit merah yang melonjak 34,5% disusul oleh cabai merah besar yang melesat hampir 23% pada periode tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 495, "width": 425, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kementerian Pertanian menerbitkan Keputusan Menteri Pertanian No. 472/Ktps/Rc.040/6/2018 tentang Lokasi Kawasan Pertanian Nasional yang menetapkan Kawasan pengembangan cabai nasional di 33 provinsi atau 235 kabupaten yang dibagi kedalam Kawasan prioritas. Untuk Provinsi Jawa Barat sendiri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 556, "width": 425, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memiliki 15 kawasan prioritas dimana dibagi menjadi 4 golongan prioritas. Wilayah Cianjur merupakan wilayah yang menduduki golongan prioritas kelas 1. Cianjur masih memiliki 148,980 ha lahan yang sangat berpotensi untuk ditanami tanaman pertanian. Sebagai bagian dari wilayah Cianjur kecamatan Cipanas memiliki lahan pertanian yang cukup bagus untuk ditanami tanaman terutama tanaman hortikultura seperti cabai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 648, "width": 425, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor penting yang menjadi perhatian saat ini adalah peningkatan kualitas cabai yang lebih bagus untuk dipasarkan sebagai sebuah bentuk inovasi dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani cabai di Jawa Barat terutama di desa Cipanas Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur. Upaya peningkatan kualitas ini sejalan dengan keinginan Pemerintah Cianjur melalui visinya “Terwujudnya Kabupaten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 142, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "cianjur sebagai salah satu Pusat Agribisnis dan Pariwisata Andalan di Jawa Barat di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 158, "width": 425, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Era Otonami Daerah. .Banyak petani cabai yang sudah menyadari bahwa cabai sangat potensial namun untuk membentuk suatu inovasi tentunya perlu perluasan pengetahuan kepada petani cabai dengan memberikan alternatif penggunaan bahan baku pupuk, vitamin, dan insektisida dalam proses penanaman cabai hingga panen yang jauh lebih efisien serta yang tak kalah pentingnya juga terkait dengan pemasaran cabe itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 249, "width": 425, "height": 118, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keberhasilan usaha tani akan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik petani antara lain pengetahuan petani,tingkat pendidikan tingkat pendidikan formal, pengalaman bertani, dan luas lahan. Dari semua karakteristik tersebut, pengetahuan petani merupakan faktor yang perlu mendapat perhatian besar. Peningkatan pengetahuan petani dapat memberikan dampak kepada perilaku petani dalam melakukan aktivitas mulai dari penanaman, pemeliharaan dan hasil produksi serta pemasaran. Melihat besarnya dampak pengetahuan ini mendorong perlunya penguatan dari sisi sumberdaya manusia dalam hal ini petani cabai untuk terus ditingkatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 387, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 404, "width": 424, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode pelaksanaan dalam kegiatan PPM yang berjudul “Penguatan aspek SDM petani cabai Desa Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur” ini adalah pelatihan. Pelatihan diadakan secara virtual dengan sasaran para petani Desa Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur. Tujuan dari kegiatan pelatihan kedua ini yaitu memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan para petani cabai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 480, "width": 424, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dessler (2010:280), Pelatihan adalah proses mengajar keterampilan yang dibutuhkan karyawan baru untuk melakukan pekerjaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 510, "width": 424, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lebih lanjut menurut Handoko (2008:109), prinsip ‐ prinsip belajar dalam pelatihan adalah : program pelatihan bersifat partisipatif, relevan, pengulangan (repetisi) dan pemindahan, serta memberikan umpan balik mengenai kemajuan para peserta latihan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 571, "width": 425, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini dilakukan dengan tahapan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 602, "width": 390, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pengumpulan dan pengorganisasian para petani sebagai penyuluhan awal sekaligus pendataan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 632, "width": 391, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Melakukan pelatihan secara daring mengenai konsep yang ditawarkan sekaligus melakukan diskusi terkait kendala dan permasalahan yang terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 678, "width": 348, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Kontrol pelaksanaan dengan kunjungan langsung ke lahan petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 142, "width": 390, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Penyusunan rekomendasi penyaluran hasil produksi kepada petani dengan membuka saluran pemasaran yang lebih luas baik regional, nasional, maupun global melalui saluran ‐ saluran dengan harga terjangkau.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 188, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Pelaporan hasil kegiatan PKM", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 203, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Publikasi hasil PKM", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 234, "width": 137, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 252, "width": 424, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut David dan George (2010) pemasaran online adalah pengunaan network untuk meraih pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 282, "width": 391, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Kolter dan Armstong, 2013; dalam Setiyaningrum (2015;385)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 297, "width": 424, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "“internetmarketing atau yang lebih dikenal onlinemarketing menggambarkan usaha perusahaan untuk memasarkan produk dan jasa, serta membangun hubungan dengan pelanggan melalui internet”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 343, "width": 425, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Kotler ( 2010) pemasaran online sangat banyak manfaatnya baik bagi pelanggan dan bagi para para pemasar itu sendiri, diantara manfaat itu adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 373, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Manfaat bagi para pembeli atau pelanggan diantaranya yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 389, "width": 407, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Kemudahan. Para pelanggan dapat memesan produk 24 jam dimanapun mereka berada. Pelanggan tidak harus pergi ke tempat para perusahaan berjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 434, "width": 408, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Informasi. Para pelanggan dapat memperoleh setumpuk informasi komparatif tentang perusahaan, produk, dan pesaing tanpa meninggalkan kantor ataupun rumah mereka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 111, "top": 480, "width": 407, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Rongrongan yang lebih sedikit. Para pelanggan tidak perlu menghadapi atau melayani bujukan dan faktor ‐ faktor emosional, mereka tidak perlu antri dalam melakukan pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 526, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Pembeli dapat memesan barang sesuai dengan keinginan mereka. Pembeli dapat langsung mengkomunikasikan keinginan mereka kepada perusahan atas barang atau jasa yang mereka butuhkan. Sehingga pembeli dapat mengetahui kelebihan serta kekurangan dari barang tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 587, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Manfaat bagi para pemasar yaitu :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 111, "top": 602, "width": 408, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Penyesuaian yang cepat pada kondisi pasar. Perusahaan ‐ perusahaan dapat dengan cepat menambah produk pada tawaran mereka serta mengubah harga dan deskripsikan produknya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 111, "top": 648, "width": 408, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Biaya yang lebih rendah. Para pemasar online dapat menghindari biaya pengelolaan toko dan biaya sewa, asuransi, serta prasarana yang menyertainya. Mereka dapat membuat katalog digital dengan biaya yang jauh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 693, "width": 357, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "lebih rendah daripada biaya percetakan dan pengiriman katalog kertas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 142, "width": 407, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Pemupukan hubungan. Pemasar online dapat berbicara dengan pelanggan dan belajar lebih banyak dari mereka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 111, "top": 173, "width": 408, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Pengukur besar pemirsa. Para pemasar dapat mengetahui beberapa banyak orang yang mengunjungi situs online para pemasar dan pelanggan dapat singgah di situs yang dibuat oleh pemasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 219, "width": 408, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Hasil dan capaian dari kegiatan Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini yaitu para petani mendapatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai pemasaran secara online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 465, "width": 254, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1 . Dokumentasi Pelatihan Penguatan SDM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 203, "top": 678, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2 . Dokumentasi Survei Lapangan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 176, "top": 323, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3 . Dokumentasi Pendampingan pada Petani", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 370, "width": 74, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 388, "width": 425, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan dari kegiatan “Penguatan aspek SDM petani cabai Desa Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur” ini sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 433, "width": 424, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Pengumpulan dan pengorganisasian para petani sebagai penyuluhan awal sekaligus pendataan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 464, "width": 425, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Melakukan pelatihan secara daring mengenai konsep yang ditawarkan sekaligus melakukan diskusi terkait kendala dan permasalahan yang terjadi. 3. Kontrol pelaksanaan dengan kunjungan langsung ke lahan petani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 509, "width": 425, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Penyusunan rekomendasi penyaluran hasil produksi kepada petani dengan membuka saluran pemasaran yang lebih luas baik regional, nasional, maupun global melalui saluran ‐ saluran dengan harga terjangkau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 555, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pelaporan hasil kegiatan PKM", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 570, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Publikasi hasil PKM", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 601, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ucapan Terimakasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 616, "width": 425, "height": 87, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat terselenggara dengan baik berkat dukungan dan kerjasama dari pihak ‐ pihak terkait. Terima kasih disampaikan kepada pihak Universitas Komputer Indonesia yang telah memberikan bantuan dana dalam kegiatan ini,. Demikian juga kepada jajaran pemangku jabatan da para dosen program studi Manajemen dan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Komputer Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 37, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 52, "width": 224, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Vol. 01 No. 02 (2021) https://journal.piksi.ac.id/index.php/Padma p ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 6394 e ‐ ISSN : 2797 ‐ 3905", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 424, "top": 739, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL PADMA 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 142, "width": 49, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 158, "width": 424, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aaker, David A. Kumar, V. Day, George S., 2010, Marketing Research 9 Edition . John Wiley & Sons, Danvers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 188, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dessler, Gary. 2010. ManajemenSumber Daya Manusia . Edisi Kesepuluh. Jakarta Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 203, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PT Indeks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 219, "width": 424, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Handoko, T. Hani. Dr. 2010. Manajemen Personalia dan Sumberdaya Manusia . Edisi Ketujuh Belas. Yogyakarta. BPFE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 249, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kotler, Philip & Garry Armstrong. 2010. Prinsip ‐ Prinsip Pemasaran, Jilid 1 dan 2 Edisi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 264, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kedua Belas. Jakarta : Erlangga", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 760, "width": 339, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 429, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meningkatkan Minat Mengartikan Sifat Mustahil Allah dengan Model", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran Make A Match", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Apri Tyas Rahmawati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 112, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SDN 1 Tegalharjo [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 205, "width": 422, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article History accepted 01/02/2020 approved 01/03/2020 published 01/04/2020", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 428, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research aims to increase interest and learning outcomes in interpreting the impossible nature for God. The subjects of the study were grade 3 students of SDN 1 Tegalharjo in the 2017/2018 academic year consisting of 18 students. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles for four months. Research data obtained from documentation, observation, tests, and interviews. The results of the study in cycle 1 showed that students who had very high interest 1, a high number of 9 students, in cycle 2 students who had very high interest were 14 students, high interest were 4 students. The results of the study of learning outcomes in cycle 1 students got grades with a very good predicate with a percentage of 16.67%, grades with good categories with a percentage of 22.22%, students got grades with enough categories with a percentage of 5.55%, who got less grades with the percentage of 55.56%. Classical completeness is 44.44%. In cycle 2 students who scored very well with a percentage of 27.78%, a good category with a percentage of 5.55%, a sufficient category with a percentage of 66.67%. Classical completeness by 100%, has reached the target of research completeness by 80%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: interest, study, make a match", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 449, "width": 40, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 428, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil bagi Allah. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 3 SDN 1 Tegalharjo Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 yang terdiri atas 18 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri atas dua siklus selama empat bulan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari dokumentasi, observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian pada siklus 1 menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki minat sangat tinggi 1, tinggi sejumlah 9 siswa, pada siklus 2 siswa yang memiliki minat sangat tinggi sebanyak 14 siswa, minat tinggi sebanyak 4 siswa. Hasil penelitian hasil belajar pada siklus 1 siswa mendapat nilai dengan predikat sangat baik dengan prosentase 16,67 %, nilai dengan kategori baik dengan prosentase 22,22 %, siswa mendapat nilai dengan kategori cukup dengan prosentase 5,55 %, yang mendapat nilai kurang dengan prosentase 55,56 %. Ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 44,44 %. Pada siklus 2 siswa yang mendapat nilai sangat baik dengan prosentase 27,78 %, kategori baik dengan prosentase 5,55 %, kategori cukup dengan prosentase 66,67 %. Ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 100 %, sudah mencapai target ketuntasan penelitian sebesar 80%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 621, "width": 185, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: minat, belajar, make a match", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "124", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 255, "top": 87, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 429, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan jaman dan pesatnya teknologi sudah tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi. Dengan teknologi yang berkembang pesat seperti saat ini, memudahkan informasi sampai kepada semua orang. Teknologi informasi sudah sangat akrab di masyarakat tua maupun muda bahkan anak kecil. Teknologi informasi membawa dampak yang positif dan tak jarang membawa dampak yang negatif pula. Dampak negatif bisa timbul lebih besar jika anak-anak sudah sangat bebas mendapatkan akses informasi melalui teknologi yang akrab kita kenal dengan “medsos”. Iman yang kuat sebagai benteng kita dari hal-hal yang negatif tersebut. Keimanan dan ketaqwaan harus kita tanamkan kepada generasi muda khususnya anak-anak. Sebagai seorang Islam khususnya, pendidikan agama islam harus kita terapkan sejak kecil agar bisa menjadi dasar dalam meniti setiap langkah dalam hidupnya di kemudian hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 429, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan Agama Islam adalah usaha-usaha secara sistematis dan pragmatis dalam membantu anak didik agar mereka hidup sesuai dengan ajaran Islam (Zuhairani, 1983 : 27). Pendidikan agama islam adalah suatu usaha untuk membina dan mengasuh peserta didik agar senantiasa dapat memahami ajaran Islam secara menyeluruh, menghayati tujuan dan akhirnya dapat mengamalkan serta menjadikan Islam sebagai pandangan hidup (Zakiyah Daradjat, 1982)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 429, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di Sekolah Dasar (SD) secara keseluruhan berada pada lingkup Al Quran dan Al-Hadist, aqidah, fiqih, dan sejarah Islam. Ruang lingkup pendidikan agama Islam mencakup perwujudan keserasian, keselarasan dan keseimbangan hubungan manusia dengan Allah SWT, diri sendiri, sesama manusia, makhluk lainnya maupun lingkungannya (Hablun minallah wa hablun minannas). Jadi pendidikan agama Islam merupakan usaha sadar yang dilakukan pendidik dalam rangka mempersiapkan peserta didik untuk meyakini, memahami,dan mengamalkan ajaran Islam melalui kegiatan bimbingan, pengajaran atau pelatihan yang telah ditentukan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 429, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rukun Iman menjadi salah satu dasar dalam beragama Islam dengan meyakini dengan sepenuh hati dan menghayatinya. Rukun Iman ada enam, yaitu: pertama iman kepada Allah SWT, kedua Iman kepada Malaikat, ketiga Iman kepada Kitab Allah SWT keempat iman kepada Rasul Allah SWT, kelima iman kepada Hari Kiamat, dan keenam kepada Qodho dan Qodar Allah SWT. Iman kepada Allah yaitu meyakini keberadaan Allah sebagai Tuhan yang telah menciptakan makhluk. Ada beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengimani keberadaan Allah dengan melihat alam semesta, dengan mengenal sifat-sifatNya dan dengan membaca Al Quran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 429, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sifat Allah ada tiga, yaitu sifat wajib, sifat mustahil, dan sifat jaiz Allah. Sifat mustahil bagi Allah adalah sifat-sifat yang tidak mungkin dimiliki Allah. Mengartikan sifat mustahil bagi Allah swt, tertera di Silabus Pendidikan Agama Islam tingkat SD kelas 3 pada semester 2. Yang berarti anak-anak memang harus dapat memahami arti sifat mustahil tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 429, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun pada kenyataannya anak-anak masih banyak yang sulit untuk mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah swt tersebut. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil pengamatan penulis yang sudah dilakukan di SD Negeri 1 Tegalharjo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 429, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran pun terlihat kurang lancar jika dilihat minat siswa yang rendah, masih ada yang bermain sendiri, masih ada anak yang berjalan keliling kelas, serta hasil belajar rata-rata jauh di bawah KKM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 429, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melihat kesenjangan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar dan kemampuan untuk menyebutkan lima sifat mustahil bagi Allah. Dapat menyebutkan secara baik dan benar sifat mustahil bagi Allah dan artinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "125", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 274, "top": 87, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan dalam artikel ini adalah mixed method, yaitu gabungan antara pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengukur minat siswa, sedang pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 158, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara sedangkan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan tes tulis. Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan dalam artikel ini adalah mixed method, yaitu gabungan antara pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengukur minat siswa, sedang pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara sedangkan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan tes tulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 428, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SD Negeri 1 Tegalharjo, Kecamatan Eromoko, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Jumlah siswa yang diteliti 18 siswa, terdiri dari 11 siswa putra dan 7 siswa putri. Siswa di kelas ini memiliki kemampuan rata-rata atau sedang, tidak ada yang menonjol. Dipilihnya kelas ini sebagai tempat penelitian karena dipandang ada potensi-potensi siswa yang belum muncul. Penulis bertindak sebagai peneliti. Sebagai kolabolator peneliti bekerjasama dengan guru kelas III. Objek penelitian adalah minat dan hasil belajar mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 429, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian dilaksanakan selama empat bulan yaitu bulan Maret, April, Mei dan Juni 2018. Kegiatan-kegiatan dalam rentang waktu tersebut mencakup persiapan, pelaksanaan tindakan, hingga penyelesaian. Penelitian direncanakan menggunakan tindakan daur ulang seperti yang dikembangkan oleh Kemmis,S dan Mc.Taggart,R (1988:20) dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Dalam penelitian ini, dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, Selanjutnya pelaksanaan tindakan digambarkan sebagai berikut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 582, "width": 354, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1: Proses Perencanaan Penelitian dari Siklus 1 sampai dengan siklus 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 604, "width": 429, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi, observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Dokumen yang digunakan berupa skor penilaian sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran make a match pada materi mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah dan foto-foto pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 429, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Observasi yaitu mengumpulkan data dengan mengamati minat siswa dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah pada prasiklus, siklus I dan siklus II. Tes berupa soal tertulis mengenai mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah, untuk mengetahui hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 429, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wawancara dilakukan kepada beberapa anak didik untuk mengetahui besarnya minat belajar siswa dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil bagi Allah swt, sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran make a match. Data pendukung penelitian yang akurat harus bersifat otentik dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya. Untuk memperoleh data diperlukan alat pengumpulan data berupa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "126", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Dokumen yang berupa catatan tentang minat dan hasil belajar dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah siswa pada prasiklus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Lembar observasi berupa lembar pengamatan tentang minat dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah pada setiap siklus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Butir soal untuk tes tertulis tentang hasil belajar dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah siswa pada setiap siklus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 163, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Wawancara berupa catatan pertanyaan kepada siswa untuk menggali minat belajar anak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 189, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kriteria pengamatan untuk mengambil data minat siswa tentang Mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah sebagai berikut :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 212, "width": 361, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Tertarik kepada guru atau mata pelajarannya. ( Skor 1 – 5 ) b. Selalu ingin terlibat dalam setiap kegiatan. (Skor 1 – 5 ) c. Mengulang pelajaran yang telah diberikan. ( Skor 1 – 5 ) d. Kecenderungan yang tinggi untuk tetap memperhatikan. ( Skor 1 – 5 ) e. Tidak mudah bosan. ( Skor 1 – 5 )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 429, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Target yang diharapkan dalam hasil belajar siswa tentang Mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah adalah dari rata – rata kurang pada kon disi awal, pada akhir siklus ( akhir siklus 2 ) diharapkan meningkat menjadi; Rata - rata kelas dengan nilai tes 75 ; Target ke.tuntasan klasikal minimal mencapai 80 % dengan KKM 70.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 339, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 365, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data prasiklus menunjukkan rata-rata skor minat belajar 12,94 masih terdapat siswa yang memiliki minat sedang dan rendah. Lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat dalam tabel 1 distribusi minat siswa prasiklus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel distribusi minat siswa di bawah dapat dikatakan tidak ada siswa yang memiliki minat sangat rendah. Terdapat 4 siswa yang memiliki minat rendah, 11 siswa memiliki minat sedang, 3 siswa memiliki minat belajar tinggi, dan tidak ada siswa yang memiliki minat yang sangat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 481, "width": 213, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1:Distribusi Minat Siswa Prasiklus", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 159, "top": 511, "width": 327, "height": 127, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Rentang Nilai Frekuensi Keterangan 1 21 – 25 0 Sangat tinggi 2 16 – 20 3 Tinggi 3 11 – 15 11 Sedang 4 6 – 10 4 Rendah 5 ≤ 5 0 Sangat rendah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 429, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minat anak dalam proses belajar mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah baru 3 anak yang memiliki minat yang tinggi, tentunya akan berpengaruh dalam hasil belajar. Pada siklus pertama ada peningkatan minat siswa dalam mempelajari sifat mustahil Allah dengan metode make a match walaupun secara kelompok. Setiap kelompok terlihat bekerja secara kompak walaupun masih ada yang belum ikut terlibat. Seperti yang terlihat pada tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 429, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil pengamatan observasi dapat dianalisis sebagai berikut: a. Ketertarikan siswa kepada guru atau mata pelajaran sebesar 58,89% b. Keterlibatan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sebesar 68,89 % c. Mengulang pelajaran sebesar 60 % d. Perhatian siswa sebesar 65,56 % e. Rasa tidak bosan siswa sebesar 62,22 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada siklus 1 diperoleh hasil pengamatan minat anak dengan kategori minimal tinggi sebanyak 9 tinggi dan 1 sangat tinggi. Masih ada siswa yang memiliki minat yang sedang. Hasil distribusi minat siswa dalam pembelajaran selengkapnya dapat dilihat dalam tabel dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 225, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3: Distribusi Minat siswa Siklus 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 248, "width": 292, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Rentang Nilai Frekuensi Keterangan 1 21 – 25 1 Sangat tinggi 2 16 – 20 9 Tinggi 3 11 – 15 8 Sedang 4 6 – 10 0 Rendah 5 ≤ 5 0 Sangat rendah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 365, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada siklus 2 terlihat sudah tidak ada siswa yang memiliki minat yang dibawah 16. Semua siswa sudah memiliki nilai pengamatan minat minim dalam kategori tinggi, hasil observasi dapat dilihat pada tabel 4. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat dalam tabel distribusi minat di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 416, "width": 289, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5 :Distribusi Minat Siswa Siklus 2 No Rentang Nilai Frekuensi Keterangan 1 21 – 25 14 Sangat tinggi 2 16 – 20 4 Tinggi 3 11 – 15 0 Sedang 4 5 – 10 0 Rendah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 570, "width": 429, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siswa yang memiliki minat sangat tinggi sebanyak 14, yang memiliki minat tinggi sebanyak 4. Sudah tidak ada siswa yang memiliki nilai pengamatan di bawah angka 16. Target penelitian minimal nilai pengamatan minat antara 16-20 atau kategori tinggi telah tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 621, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 161, "top": 633, "width": 277, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Observasi Penilaian Minat Siswa pada Siklus 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 648, "width": 471, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Responden Aspek Observasi Jumlah Skor Kategori 1 2 3 4 5 1 Responden 1 3 3 3 4 4 17 T 1. Ketertarikan kepada guru/ mata pelajaran 2 Responden 2 3 4 3 4 3 17 T 3 Responden 3 2 3 2 3 2 12 S 4 Responden 4 4 3 3 4 4 18 T 2. Keterlibatan dalam 5 Responden 5 2 3 2 3 2 12 S", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "128", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 87, "width": 459, "height": 278, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kegiatan 6 Responden 6 3 3 2 3 3 14 S 3. Mengulang 7 Responden 7 2 3 3 2 2 12 S pelajaran 8 Responden 8 2 3 2 2 3 12 S 4. Perhatian yang tinggi 9 Responden 9 4 4 4 3 3 18 T 10 Responden 10 3 4 3 3 4 17 T 5. Tidak mudah 11 Responden 11 4 4 4 3 3 18 T bosan 12 Responden 12 4 5 5 5 4 23 ST 13 Responden 13 3 3 4 4 3 17 T Kategori 14 Responden 14 3 3 2 3 3 14 S ST : Sangat Tinggi 15 Responden 15 3 4 3 3 4 17 T T : Tinggi 16 Responden 16 3 4 4 4 3 18 T S : Sedang 17 Responden 17 3 3 3 3 3 15 S R : Rendah 18 Responden 18 2 3 2 3 3 13 S SR : Sangat Jumlah 53 62 54 59 56 284 Rendah Prosentase (%) 58.89 68.89 60 65.56 62.22 63.11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 304, "top": 394, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 408, "width": 272, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penilaian Minat Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Siklus 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 445, "width": 475, "height": 307, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Responden Aspek Observasi Jumlah Skor Kategori 1 2 3 4 5 1 Responden 1 4 4 4 4 3 19 T 1. Ketertarikan kepada guru/ mata pelajaran 2 Responden 2 5 5 4 5 4 23 ST 3 Responden 3 3 4 4 4 4 19 T 4 Responden 4 5 5 5 5 5 25 ST 2. Keterlibatan dalam kegiatan 5 Responden 5 4 4 4 4 4 20 T 6 Responden 6 5 5 4 4 4 22 ST 3. Mengulang 7 Responden 7 5 5 5 5 5 25 ST pelajaran 8 Responden 8 5 5 5 4 4 23 ST 4. Perhatian yang tinggi 9 Responden 9 5 5 5 5 5 25 ST 10 Responden 10 4 5 5 5 4 23 ST 5. Tidak mudah 11 Responden 11 5 5 5 5 4 24 ST bosan 12 Responden 12 5 5 5 5 5 25 ST 13 Responden 13 5 5 5 5 5 25 ST Kategori 14 Responden 14 5 5 5 5 4 24 ST ST : Sangat tinggi 15 Responden 15 5 5 5 5 4 24 ST T : Tinggi 16 Responden 16 5 5 5 4 4 23 ST S : Sedang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 89, "width": 458, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Responden 17 4 4 4 4 4 20 T R : Rendah 18 Responden 18 4 5 5 4 4 22 ST SR : Sangat Jumlah 83 86 84 82 76 411 Rendah Prosentase (%) 92.2 2 95.56 93. 33 91. 11 84. 44 91.33", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 429, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada prasiklus hasil ujian kompetensi belum semua siswa mencapai ketuntasan minimal yaitu nilai 70. Ketuntasan klasikal hanya 22,22 % Siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan minimal hanya 4, 14 siswa yang lain belum mencapai ketuntasan. Data ini menunjukkan hasil belajar siswa yang rendah. Yang belum mencapai ketuntasan minimal sebesar 77,78%. Dokumen evaluasi prasiklus dapat dilihat pada tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Siklus 1, terdapat 3 siswa mendapat nilai dengan predikat sangat baik dengan prosentase 16,67 %, 4 siswa mendapat nilai dengan kategori baik dengan prosentase 22,22 %, 1 siswa mendapat nilai dengan kategori cukup dengan prosentase 5,55 %, dan masih 10 siswa yang mendapat nilai kurang dengan prosentase 55,56 %. Ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 44,44 %, belum mencapai target ketuntasan penelitian sebesar 80% siswa yang tuntas. Dokumen evaluasi siklus 1 dapat dilihat di tabel 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada siklus 2, terdapat 5 siswa mendapat nilai dengan predikat sangat baik dengan prosentase 27,78 %, 1 siswa mendapat nilai dengan kategori baik dengan prosentase 5,55 %, 12 siswa mendapat nilai dengan kategori cukup dengan prosentase 66,67 %, dan 0 siswa yang mendapat nilai kurang dengan prosentase 0 %. Ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 100 %, sudah mencapai target ketuntasan penelitian sebesar 80%. Dokumen evaluasi siklus 2, dapat dilihat di tabel 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 423, "width": 215, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6: Daftar Distribusi Nilai Prasiklus", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 436, "width": 353, "height": 293, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Rentang Interval Frekuensi Prosentase Predikat 1. 91-100 0 0 % Sangat Baik 2. 81-90 1 5,55 % Baik 3. 70 -80 3 16,67 % Cukup 4. D < 70 14 77,78 % Kurang ∑f 18 100 % Siswa Tuntas 4 22,22 % Siswa Belum Tuntas 14 77.78 % Tabel 7: Daftar Distribusi Nilai Siklus 1 No. Rentang Interval Frekuensi Prosentase Predikat 1. 91-100 3 16,67 % Sangat Baik 2. 81-90 4 22,22 % Baik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "130", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 112, "top": 88, "width": 352, "height": 329, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. 70 -80 1 5,55 % Cukup 4. D < 70 10 55,56 % Kurang ∑f 18 100 % Siswa Tuntas 8 44,44 % Siswa Belum Tuntas 10 55,56 % Tabel 8: Daftar Distribusi Nilai Siklus 2 No. Rentang Interval Frekuensi Prosentase Predikat 1. 91-100 5 27,78 % Sangat Baik 2. 81-90 1 5,55 % Baik 3. 70 -80 12 66,67 % Cukup 4. D < 70 0 0 % Kurang ∑f 18 100 % Siswa Tuntas 18 100 % Siswa Belum Tuntas 0 0 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 269, "top": 446, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 429, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terdapat peningkatan minat dalam mengartikan sifat mustahil Allah setelah diberikan pembelajaran dengan model make a match pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri 1 Tegalharjo tahun 2017/2018 dari terdapat siswa yang masih berminat rendah pada prasiklus, pada siklus 2 sudah 100% siswa memiliki minat pada rentang 16-20 dengan kategori tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 429, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar KD 6.2 Mengartikan Sifat Mustahil Allah dengan model pembelajaran make a match 31,61% dari ketuntasan klasikal 16,67% dengan kategori kurang pada prasiklus, naik menjadi 100% dengan kategori sangat baik pada siklus 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 596, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 320, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Fauzi. 1999 . Psikologi Umum . Bandung : Pustaka Setia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 401, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Imran. 1996 . Belajar dan Pembelajaran . Jakarta : Dunia Pustaka Jaya Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 405, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ana Laila Soufia & Zuchdi.2004. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi . Yogyakarta: UNY.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 698, "width": 429, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aqib Zainal. 2014. Model-model, Media dan strategi Pembelajaran Kontekstual (Inovatif). Bandung: Yrama Widya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 391, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Djamarah dan Aswan Zain. 2002. Psikologi Belajar. Jakarta : PT. Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 38, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2338-9400", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 784, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "131", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 429, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gie, The Liang. 1998. Cara Belajar yang Efisien . Yogyakarta : Pusat Belajar Ilmu Berguna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 429, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Iskandar. 2012. Panduan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas bagi Guru . Jakarta : Bestari Buana Murni .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 176, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lie, Anita. 2008 . Cooperative Learning . Jakarta : PT Grasindo. Mihtahul Huda. 2013. Model-model Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 417, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ngalimun. 2012. Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran . Banjarmasin : Aswaja Pressindo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Slameto. 2003. Belajar dan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya . Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 302, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sudirman.2003. Pembentukan Minat. Jakarta:Pustaka Karya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sudjana. 2004. Dasar-Dasar Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algesindo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 353, "width": 333, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumadi Suryabrata. 1998 . Psikologi Kepribadian . Jakarta: Rajawali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutrisno Hadi. (1994). Statistik . 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[ { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 163, "top": 740, "width": 339, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Consequences of Student Part-Time Employment (Case Study of Sebelas Maret University Student)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 358, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hana Maharani Fahimah, Aniek Hindrayani, Jonet Ariyanto Nugroho", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 163, "width": 137, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 215, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 227, "width": 96, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "accepted 31/01/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 227, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "approved 28/02/2021 published 31/03/2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 250, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 428, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aim of the paper is to examine the consequences of students engaging in part-time employment during their studies. The research consisted of a Google form survey of all the student of Sebelas Maret University, on 2015 and 2016 who studies also doing part-time. The survey found that part-time employment, in common with many previous studies. It also found that some students were spending longer in their chosen employment than in time-tabled classes. A central finding was that unlike much previous research, it emerged here that students reported more positive than negative outcomes to improve the student skills, but effect to the learning achievement give the negative outcomes. The data shows that students continue to engage in part-time employment at a significant level and for some studying is almost a secondary activity. The paper is of value in seeking to clarify the nature of the consequences for students seeking to combine employment and studying. Furthermore the paper builds on our understanding of the effect of part-time to the student learning achievement that gives negative effects but give the positive effect about the student skill to understand about business, social relationship, etc.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Part-time employment, Part-time workers, Student experience, learning achievement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 40, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 428, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk meneliti konsekuensi dari siswa yang terlibat dalam pekerjaan paruh waktu selama masa studi mereka. Penelitian ini terdiri dari survei di Google Form terhadap seluruh mahasiswa Universitas Sebelas Maret tahun 2015 dan 2016 yang menempuh studi juga paruh waktu. Survei menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan paruh waktu, yang sama dengan banyak studi sebelumnya. Ditemukan juga bahwa beberapa siswa menghabiskan waktu lebih lama dalam pekerjaan yang mereka pilih daripada di kelas yang diatur waktunya. Temuan utama adalah bahwa tidak seperti banyak penelitian sebelumnya, muncul di sini bahwa siswa melaporkan hasil yang lebih positif daripada negatif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan siswa, tetapi pengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar memberikan hasil yang negatif. Data menunjukkan bahwa siswa terus terlibat dalam pekerjaan paruh waktu pada tingkat yang signifikan dan untuk beberapa belajar hampir menjadi kegiatan sekunder.\\. Makalah ini bernilai dalam upaya mengklarifikasi sifat konsekuensi bagi siswa yang ingin menggabungkan pekerjaan dan pembelajaran. Selanjutnya makalah ini dibangun berdasarkan pemahaman kita tentang pengaruh paruh waktu terhadap prestasi belajar siswa yang memberikan pengaruh negatif tetapi memberikan pengaruh positif tentang keterampilan siswa untuk memahami bisnis, hubungan sosial, dll.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 422, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Pekerjaan paruh waktu, Pekerja paruh waktu, Pengalaman siswa, prestasi belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 335, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Education Studies (SHEs): Conference Series https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/shes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 428, "top": 688, "width": 86, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-9284 e-ISSN 2620-9292", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 256, "top": 87, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "An increasingly prominent feature of the higher education sector in the Indonesia is the rise in the number of students undergraduates, while working in part-time employment. This is not, however, a new phenomenon and part-time working has been a feature of the university experience for some time (Barron & Anastasiadou, 2009). This means that term-time working is now a common place aspect of the undergraduate student experience (Curtis & Shani, 2002). It has been suggested, however, that perhaps the notion of the full-time student is increasingly one that is no longer applicable (Moreau & Leathwood, 2006). The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of students’ part- time employment and to discuss the reported consequences of holding such employment during term time.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 249, "width": 428, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Student part-time employment has been receiving an increased level of interest from academic researchers since the early 1990s. A growing body of literature has investigated this phenomenon, with a view to establishing the nature of that employment, and the possible consequences for individuals seeking to combine study and employment. The participation of university students in the labor market during their studies is not a new development, however, and in some countries such activity is the norm rather than the exception. Research carried out in other countries indicates that the prevalence of part- time student employment continues to grow. In Germany student employment is a well- established phenomenon (Winkler, 2009). While the Euro student Survey (HIS, 2005) found term-time employment rates of 20 per cent in Portugal, 30 per cent in Italy, 69 per cent in Ireland and 91 per cent in the Netherlands.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 428, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beyond Europe the statistics also indicate variations in the rate of employment across different countries. A large scale survey in Australia (n¼34,752) found that 72.5 per cent of those who responded held a part-time job during term time (Long, Hayden, 2001). This figure marked an increase in student employment of more than 20 per cent since the survey was first commissioned in 1984. This growth in student part-time employment in Australia is supported by Salamonson and Andrew (Salamonson & Andrew, 2006) in a survey of 267 nursing students. They found that more than three quarters of the students held a part-time job during their studies, working on average for 14 hours per week. A smaller scale survey at a single university in New Zealand (n¼83) reported that 81 per cent held a part-time job during term time (Manthei & Gilmore, 2005). Evidence from China indicates that some students are engaging in part-time employment during their studies. For example, Tam and Morrison (Oi I & Morrison, 2005) found that 66.9 per cent of students held a part-time job in a survey conducted at a single institution (n¼417). They also reported that over 80 per cent of the sample found that, overall, working while studying was beneficial to their academic work. However, this prevalence of employment amongst higher education students is not reflected in all countries. In a study of 466 undergraduates in Greece, where there is no established tradition of students being engaged in employment, it was found that the majority did not work during term time (Mihail & Karaliopoulou, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While the Student Living Report UNITE (UNITE, 2004) found that 39 per cent of students were working part time and 3 per cent were working full time during their studies. A note of caution is necessary, however, the cost of studies, and the increase in part-time student employment, is not a causal one and may be due to other factors (Metcalf, 2005). This is because levels of student employment are a function of the level of employment generally in the economy; the socio-demographic profile of students; the nature of the available financial support structure; and the amount of class contact time required by the course (Darmody & Smyth, 2008). This view is", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "supported by Ryland (Ryland, E., Riordan, R.J. and Brack, G, 1994) who argue that the relationship between students and their participation in the labor market is a complex one.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 135, "width": 428, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Broadbridge and Swanson (Broadbridge & Swanson, 2005) are critical of the existing student employment literature and further weakness of existing studies is that so far they have failed to establish conclusively whether term-time employment is either a negative or a positive feature of the higher education sector. The contribution of this paper is in seeking to establish more clearly the consequences for individual students of attempting to combine student undergraduates with part-time employment. While some studies have reported benefits (time management, enhanced employability, improved social skills), there is a comparable number that reported negative outcomes (reduction in reading, missing time- tabled classes, tiredness). The overall aim of this paper is to build on the work of Ford and Bosworth (Ford et al., 1995) and (Moreau & Leathwood, 2006), to clarify the nature of the relationship between term-time employment and studying in higher education.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 310, "width": 125, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH QUESTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers also conducted several studies on the results of previous studies conducted by other researchers. As the results of research that the factor that make student undergraduate doing part-time were so many reason and caution is necessary, however, the cost of studies, and the increase in part-time student employment, is not a causal one and may be due to other factors (Metcalf, 2005). This is because levels of student employment are a function of the level of employment generally in the economy; the socio-demographic profile of students; the nature of the available financial support structure; and the amount of class contact time required by the course (Darmody & Smyth, 2008). This view is supported by Ryland [13] who argue that the relationship between students and their participation in the labor market is a complex one.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Broadbridge and Swanson (Broadbridge & Swanson, 2005) are critical of the existing student employment literature and further weakness of existing studies is that so far they have failed to establish conclusively whether term-time employment is either a negative or a positive feature of the higher education sector. The contribution of this paper is in seeking to establish more clearly the consequences for individual students of attempting to combine student undergraduates with part-time employment. While some studies have reported benefits (time management, enhanced employability, improved social skills), there is a comparable number that reported negative outcomes (reduction in reading, missing time- tabled classes, tiredness). The overall aim of this paper is to build on the work of Ford and Bosworth (Ford et al., 1995) and (Moreau & Leathwood, 2006), to clarify the nature of the relationship between term-time employment and studying in higher education.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 650, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHODOLOGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 676, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Design and sample", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Following a review of previous studies of student part-time employment, a self- report questionnaire was developed based upon the key issues to emerge from the literature. A central issue from this review was the apparent ambiguity concerning whether holding part-time employment could be characterized as being desirable or undesirable. In particular the questionnaire design drew upon", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the survey work of (Curtis & Shani, 2002), (Ford et al., 1995) and (Barke et al., 2000). This questionnaire was piloted on a small scale (n= 384 student from all the faculty in UNS) within one school of the university. In light of data generated a revised version of the questionnaire was developed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aim of the questionnaire was to generate data concerning; the amount of time that students work in the week, the type of part-time employment among the university’s undergraduate student population, students’ motivation for engaging in part-time work, and the impact of holding part-time employment on students, with particular reference to their ability to cope with the demands of combining academic study and employment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 222, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Section 1 of the questionnaire contained demographic questions concerning course of study, faculty, age, gender and ethnicity. The second section of the questionnaire focused on data about the type of any term-time employment held, the consequences of combining studying and part-time employment and the benefits obtained when student get a part-time job.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 293, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sample", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 306, "width": 400, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The study was carried out in Sebelas Maret University on 2015 and 2016 grade who get a part-time job. All of those invited to take part in the survey were undergraduate students. Each undergraduate student who get a part-time job was contacted meet in person to interview and ask some question, contacted via e-mail and invited to complete an online survey concerning part-time employment by Google form. The survey was completed by 384 students studying on Faculty of Engineering (n=18), Faculty of Cultural Studies (n=15), Faculty of art and Design (n=12), Faculty of Economics and Business (n=22), Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (n=21), Faculty of Law (n=19), Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (n=165), Medical Faculty (n=6), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Education (n=57) and Faculty of Agriculture (n=49).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 453, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The result of the gender in the sample with 68 per cent of respondents being female and 32 per cent male, although this is broadly representative of the student population for the institution as a whole, which is comprised of more female than male students. The result of the grade of the participants were grade 2015 with 74 per cent respondents and 26 per cent of grade 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 547, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 573, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Working hours", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "With regard to the number of hours worked, 40 per cent of the sample were working up to nine hours per week at their type job chosen employer, with 39 per cent working 10-24 hours per week, with 13 per cent of the sample were working 25-34 hours per week, with 6 per cent of the sample were working 35-44 hours per week and 2 per cent working 45-59 hours per week. However, many of the respondents in this survey did not have a consistent working pattern each week, and so any figure for average hours per week may mask important variations between students (Moreau & Leathwood, 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 694, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The issue of the length of time spent in employment is important due to the effect on a student’s learning achievement has experienced a significant change namely a decrease in student learning achievement, form 3,57 to 3,48, although it has been suggested that it is the ability of the individual to manage their time effectively which is more important (Carney et al., 2005). Respondents were", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "asked about the average number of class contact hours per week, with a reported average of 17.2 hours (www.ocw.uns.ac.id). This means that almost 50 per cent of the sample was working longer in their part-time work than they did in lectures and tutorials. A related issue is the relative importance that individuals place on their job in comparison to their degree studies. When asked the extent to which employment commitments were fitted around university commitments, the majority (60 per cent) answered that their study took priority.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 184, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Grouping of UNS Undergraduate Students who Work Part-Time Based on The Faculty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 194, "top": 382, "width": 211, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pict 1. Faculty of The Student Part-Time", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 416, "width": 400, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Picture 1, the results obtained according to the grouping of undergraduate students of UNS who work part-time based on the Faculty, namely the Teaching and Education Faculty with 165 respondents or as much as 43% and the second most are from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Education, namely 57 respondents or as many 15%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 487, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Type of Part-time Job", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 500, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table I illustrates the type where students were working and shows that the majority of the sample was employed as an online shop, a tutors (private tutors, TPA/TPQteachers) an entrepreneurship, etc.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 213, "top": 210, "width": 215, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Picture 2. Type of Student Part-Time Job", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 232, "width": 400, "height": 150, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the table above it is known that 50 students or 13% of students answered that they work part-time as sellers of goods in online shops, 42 students or 11% of students answered that they work part-time as teaching assistants, practicum assistants, study program assistants. While 47 students or 12% of students answered that they work part- time as entrepreneurs who run their own businesses / owners and / or businesses of others, the largest percentage is 120 students or 31% of students answered that they work part- time as tutors, private tutors, and teachers. TPA / TPQ, then 80 students or 21% of students answered that they work part-time as freelance workers, including those who work as providers of online motorcycle taxis, food delivery services, video editing services, programmers. Meanwhile, other students answered that they work part- time as a sales assistant, waitress or outlet crew.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 392, "width": 331, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Disadvantages and Advantages to Student of Working", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 407, "width": 379, "height": 336, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Item Yes (%) Disadvantages to Students of Working 1. I have less time to study 4,8 2. Money needs take over from university 6,5 3. Tiredness from working means that I can’t concentrate in lessons. Sometimes 4,9 4. Increased stress 4,7 5. Tiredness from work makes me late for lectures 4,5 6. I sometimes miss lessons altogether due to tiredness from working 4,1 7. Work seems more important because I can see immediate benefits 5,7 8. The manager pressurises me to work longer 4,2 9. I don’t see my friends so often and am not there when they are discussing University work 4,5 10. Work seems more important because I spend more time there than in lectures 4,5 Advantages to Students of Working 11. Improves my ability to deal with people 7,5 12. Improves my skills, such as communication skills 7,5 13. It helps me to understand how a business is run 7,4 14. Relieves stress about my financial situation 7,3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 88, "width": 369, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15. Builds confidence 7,4 16. I can relate subjects taught in lessons to what happens at work 6,9 17. Enables me to organise my time more effectively 7,3 TOTAL 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 155, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Disadvantages to Students of Working", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 168, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It would appear that working does adversely affect various aspects of academic life and that working longer hours is associated with reduced academic performance. Tiredness, lack of time to study, increased stress, and the need for money are the main negative effects of working. These will affect study outside of the lecture room, but also it cannot be taken for granted that those present in lessons are concentrating fully. Learning is therefore affected within lectures as well as in students’ own study time, where the increased stress and tiredness reported may impact on the ability to learn.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 277, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Advantages to Students of Working", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 290, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The most important benefit for working students concerns the improvement of skills and the building up of confidence. Students with whom the questionnaire was piloted commented that the increased confidence transfers to university life in such things as speaking in class discussions and standing up at the front of the class to give a presentation.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 361, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Consequences of working part time", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 374, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There is a continuing debate over whether combining full-time study and part- time employment is beneficial or detrimental to the individual. To explore this issue, participants were presented with a range of consequences experienced while working part-time identified by participants in previous studies, and asked to identify those outcomes that they had experienced.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 445, "width": 400, "height": 137, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The findings are interesting as they indicate that individuals who held a part-time job in this study experienced a greater number of “positive” effects derived from that employment that benefits to update the student’s skill. These results would seem to be in agreement with much of the existing literature where similar findings were apparent. The following are some of the positive factors are achieved when students work part-time such as, the student can improve their communication skills through part-time work, part- time work improves their ability to build relationships with other people, working part- time helps student to build self-confidence, helps stundent to understand how to run a business, student to manage their time to be more effective in activities, helps student to reduce pressure of their financial condition, etc.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 592, "width": 401, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tam and Morrison (Oi I & Morrison, 2005) also report some benefits derived from part-time employment such as enhanced employability, while Manthei and Gilmore (Manthei & Gilmore, 2005) found that students reported enhanced time management skills as a result of their work experiences. There are a considerable negative effect if the student works part-time with high working hours, which affects their learning achievement significantly, from an average overall value (before working part-time) of 3.57 and after working part-time to 3.48. In a qualitative study of student employment Moreau and Leatherwood (Moreau & Leathwood, 2006) found that individuals holding a job always or usually found their academic studi es “a struggle”. This is similar to the findings of Carney (Carney et al., 2005) who concluded that the majority of those surveyed found their academic studies had been affected. In a study of student nurses Salamonson and Andrew (Salamonson & Andrew, 2006) found that students who", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "did not work had the highest scores in assessments, and that scores decreased as the amount of time spent in part-time employment increased. They also note, however, that academic performance can be affected by other factors. To investigate the impact of holding employment upon academic performance in more detail, the sample were asked if they felt they would have done better on assessments without a job. Of those who responded who felt they would indeed have performed better. It is evident that a reduction in leisure activities is the main outcome that arises from individuals holding a part-time job, followed by less time being spent on reading for their course.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 209, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This does, however, raise the somewhat contentious issue of the extent to which time for students to engage in leisure activities while at university is important. This impact on leisure time is supported by the findings of previous studies which have also reported similar outcomes [(Manthei & Gilmore, 2005); (Ford et al., 1995); (Lindsay, R. and Paton-Saltzberg, R, 1996); (Van Dyke, R. and Little, B, 2002)]. The results here also indicate that part-time employment negatively affects some aspects of learning achievement, although to a lesser degree than social aspects. This presence of both negative and positive outcomes is supported by the findings of others, i.e. part-time employment whilst not being entirely negative, does incur some costs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 364, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FUTURE TRENDS AND CONCLUSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 390, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the research and discussion above, it can be taken as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This paper set out to investigate the nature and composition of student part-time employment amongst higher education students through reporting the results of meet in people survey undertaken in a UNS Surakarta. The findings from the survey indicate that students continue to undertake part-time jobs during their studies and that they do so at a significant level. This adds further weight to the view that combining academic study with part-time employment continues to be a majority experience for students. A second key finding relates to the amount of time that individuals are spending in employment in comparison to time spent in the lecture room.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Our results provide evidence that there is an effect on academic studies of students taking paid employment during term-time. Fears that adverse effects increase with increasing number of hours worked do appear to be well founded. Nevertheless, working has been shown by this investigation to be beneficial to students in the enhancement of skills and confidence, and an increased understanding of how businesses are run.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 610, "width": 428, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this department, working occupies roughly the same amount of the students’ time as attending lectures, yet we persist in thinking of students as full-time. The increasing number of students working indicates that this trend to work whilst studying will continue, and the effects on the student experience need to be considered. The times of greatest pressure for students are during personal crises, and when coursework assignments are due to be handed in or the examination period is looming. These pressure points are exactly the same for part-time students as for full-time students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the benefits of working were more widely accepted and understood, the work could be integrated into the course, particularly for business studies and other", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "business-related courses. For any student, the enhanced time management skills, ability to deal with people and increased confidence are not only worth developing in themselves, but also transfer to the classroom. Also, a more systematic study of which skills develop through working and whether these are developed in a short time period, making it unnecessary to work long hours as far as skill development is concerned, would also be beneficial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 38, "width": 389, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Conference of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2020) SHEs: Conference Series 4 (3) (2021) 53 – 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 257, "top": 88, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 429, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barke, M., Braidford, P., Houston, M., Hunt, A., Lincoln, I., Morphet, C., & Stone, I. 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 200, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JEBT: Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 778, "width": 283, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 Received : 13 Januari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 241, "top": 793, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted : 17 Februari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 394, "top": 793, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published : 15 Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 445, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Cofiring pada PLTU Batubara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Farizan Praevia 1 , Widayat 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 184, "width": 288, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Magister Energi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 199, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 230, "width": 390, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email : [email protected] (M.F.P), [email protected] (W);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 456, "height": 305, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak : Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN) menetapkan kebijakan bauran EBT sebesar 23% di tahun 2025. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan cofiring biomassa pada PLTU Batubara. Indonesia sebagai negara penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia, otomatis menghasilkan limbah yang besar. Dari 1 ton Tandan Buah Segar (TBS), dihasilkan sebanyak 21% Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Tandan kosong kelapa sawit dibiarkan menumpuk dan tidak termanfaatkan. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit uap dan listrik. Beberapa peneliti mengidentifikasi potensi tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dijadikan cofiring pada PLTU Batubara eksisting dengan metode direct cofiring . Tandan kosong kelapa sawit dimixing dengan batubara sebelum masuk ke unit Boiler. Untuk mengurangi dampak dari abu hasil pembakaran biomassa, seperti alkali content , kadar air yang tinggi, calorific value yang rendah direkomendasikan proses peningkatan kualitas bahan bakar dengan cara Hydrothermal Treatment (HT). Metode ini disebut juga proses torefaksi, dimana memanaskan tandan kosong sawit pada temperatur 200°C – 300°C selama 15 – 60 menit. Hasil pemanasan diperoleh char (biomassa terkarbonasi) dengan kualitas yang sama dengan batubara. Penelitian menunjukkan dengan mengalami proses karbonasi dengan hydrotermal treatment diperoleh kenaikan calorific value tandan kosong dari 7,86 MJ/kg menjadi 22,22 MJ/kg (dibanding dengan batubara 22,34 MJ/kg). Skenario ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk terus berupaya mengurangi pemakaian bahan bakar fosil. Lebih lanjut terdapat beberapa penelitian terkait yang fokus mengintifikasi rasio perbandingan biomassa dan batubara sebelum dibakar disuatu PLTU batubara eksisting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 595, "width": 456, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), Biomassa, Cofiring, Hydrothermal Treatment, Char,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 611, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Torefaksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract : The Indonesia Government through the Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN) has set a policy for the Renewable Energy mixing by 23% in 2025. One of the potential efforts made is by cofiring biomass in coal-fired power plants. Indonesia has the largest palm oil plantation the world, its produces a large amount of waste. From one ton of Palm Oil Fruit Bunches, 21% of Empty Fruit Bunches produced. Empty Fruit Bunches just accumulated and not be utilized. Empty Fruit Bunches can be used as fuel for steam and electricity generation. Several researchers identified the potential of Empty Fruit Bunches as the renewable energy source. Empty Fruit Bunches can be used as cofiring in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 29 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the existing coal fired power plant using the direct cofiring method. Empty Fruit Bunches are mixed with coal before entering the Boiler unit. To reduce the impact of biomass burning ash, such as alkaline content, high water content, low calorific value, it is recommended to improve fuel quality by using Hydrothermal Treatment (HT). This method is also called the torrefaction process, which heats Empty Fruit Bunches at a temperature of 200°C – 300°C for 15 – 60 minutes. The heating results obtained char (carbonated biomass) with the same quality as coal. The study showed that by undergoing the carbonation process with hydrothermal treatment, the calorific value of empty bunches increased from 7.86 MJ/kg to 22.22 MJ/kg (compared to coal 22.34 MJ/kg). This scenario can be used as the references for the Indonesian government to continue to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Furthermore, there are several related studies that focus on identifying the ratio of the ratio of biomass and coal before being burned in an existing coal power plant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 274, "width": 437, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Empty Fruit Bunches, Biomass, Cofiring, Hydrothermal Treatment, Char, Torrefaction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 321, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 337, "width": 456, "height": 227, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan energi Indonesia meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Strategi pemerintah dalam perencanaan energi nasional tertuang didalam Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2017 tentang Rencana Umum Energi Nasional. Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN) disusun oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan ditetapkan oleh Dewan Energi Nasional untuk jangka waktu sampai dengan tahun 2050. RUEN dijadikan sebagai pedoman untuk memberi arah pengelolaan energi nasional guna mewujudkan kemandirian energi dan ketahanan energi nasional untuk mendukung pembangunan nasional berkelanjutan. Peranan energi sangat penting bagi peningkatan kegiatan ekonomi dan ketahanan nasional. Energi dikelola berdasarkan asas kemanfaatan, efisiensi, berkeadilan, peningkatan nilai tambah, keberlanjutan, kesejahteraan masyarakat, pelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup, ketahanan nasional, dan keterpaduan dengan mengutamakan kemampuan nasional sesuai dengan UU No. 30 Tahun 2007 tentang Energi. Komitmen Indonesia dalam memberikan kontribusi terhadap solusi perubahan iklim global dan komitmen Indonesia sebagai penandatangan Paris Agreement menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca sebesar 29% di tahun 2030. Target ini telah dituangkan dalam Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN) dengan meningkatkan bauran Energi Baru dan Terbarukan sebesar 23% di tahun 2025.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 456, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu usaha dalam menaikkan presentase EBT sesuai bauran energi tahun 2025 adalah dengan cofiring biomassa dan batubara pada PLTU batubara yang sudah ada. Biomassa dipilih karena saat dibakar menghasilkan emisi yang lebih sedikit dibanding dengan bahan bakar fosil dan mudah untuk diproses. Penggunaan pada pembangkit biomassa dicampur melalui peralatan penggiling/ grinding atau dengan pengumpan/ feeder , selanjutnya dicampur dengan batubara ataupun menggunakan boiler terpisah. Teknologi dengan pembakaran langsung batubara dan biomassa disebut dengan cofiring lebih hemat biaya (Tilman, 2017). Terdapat beberapa jenis limbah biomassa di Indonesia yang dapat dioptimalkan sebagai sumber energi, salah satunya adalah limbah kelapa sawit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 693, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia sebagai penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia, tentunya limbah sawit yang dihasilkan juga sangat besar. Limbah kelapa sawit adalah sisa hasil dari proses budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit, industri pengolahan sawit (PKS) menjadi CPO, maupun pengolahan bagian kernel menjadi minyak inti sawit /Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). Limbah padat yang dihasilkan dari sekitar 35% –", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 30 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40% dari total TBS yang diolah dalam bentuk tandan kosong, serat, cangkang buah, abu bakar dan bungkil sawit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 322, "width": 188, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Tandang Kosong Kelapa Sawit", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 353, "width": 456, "height": 259, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit adalah limbah padat terbesar dari dimana saat ini belum termanfaatkan. Jika cangkang buah sudah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar boiler di pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit, tandan kosong kelapa sawit masih belum massive pemanfaatannya. Selama ini, tandan kosong hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai penimbun tanah atau terkadang dijadikan pupuk kompos. Sisa tandan kosong kelapa sawit dibiarkan menumpuk. Apabila penumpukan dibiarkan maka tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat menimbulkan permasalahan sampah (Gusman, 2016). Tandan kosong dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar karena memiliki nilai kalor sebesar 2900 kal/gram. Potensi pemanfaatan biomassa yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit harus mempertimbangkan beberapa karakteristik utama, praktik, dan jumlah yang tersedia (Garcia-Nunez, 2016). Evolusi dari pabrik kelapa sawit dari limbah biomassa untuk membuat biorefinery membutuhkan biaya yang sangat tinggi untuk pengembangannya. Perkembangan serupa telah telah dilakukan di Malaysia baru-baru ini dengan menganalisis tujuh teknologi yang memanfaatkan residu kelapa sawit. Teknologi tersebut meliputi produksi etanol, produksi briket, pemulihan metana, biofuel sebagai kombinasi panas listrik, dan pembangkit listrik (CHP). Dimana berdasarkan studi tersebut pengaplikasian sebagai bahan bakar pembangkti merupakan cara yang paling mudah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisi potensi pemanfaatan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai cofiring pada PLTU batubara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 648, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelapa sawit mendominasi perkebunan di Indonesia, terutama wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Tinggi pohon kelapa sawit mencapai 20 – 24 meter. Setiap pohon dapat menghasilkan 20 tandan buah segar per tahun dengan berat satuan buah mencapai 20 kg (Gusman, 2016). Pabrik kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah biomassa baik berbentuk padat maupun cair. Biomassa pengolahan pabrik kelapa sawit terdiri dari Mesocarf Fibre, Palm Kernel Shell , Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Empty Fruit Bunch/ TKKS), dan Palm Oil Mills Effluent (POME). Neraca massa pengolahan kelapa sawit ditunjukkan pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 31 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 275, "width": 230, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Neraca Massa Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 307, "width": 456, "height": 118, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 2, setiap pengolahan 1 ton Tandan Buah Segar (TBS), menghasilkan buah sebesar 65,5% sementara sisanya merupakan tandan kosong. Proses pengolahan minyak sawit diawali dengan penimbangan tandan buah segar pada loading ramp. Loading ramp berfungsi sebagai penampung sementara tandan buah segar sebelum diteruskan menuju lori buah. Tandan buah segar diangkut lori buah menuju unit perebusan atau steriliser. Perebusan tandan buah segar bertujuan untuk mempermudah pelepasan brondolan buah, menghilangkan asam lemak bebas, mempermudah proses pelepasan inti sawit dari cangkang, mengurangi kadar air pada brondolan, dan membantu proses pemecahan emulsi (Gusman, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 431, "width": 456, "height": 196, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tandan buah yang sudah disterilisasi akan melalui proses threshing. threshing merupakan proses pelepasan brondolan buah dari tandannya. Brondolan buah yang terlepas akan diteruskan menuju digester. Selanjutnya buah mengalami beberapa tahapan hingga diperoleh CPO. Sedangkan tandan kosong yang sudah terpisahkan diangkut ke tempat penyimpanan dan menumpuk. Tandan kosong hasil proses rebusan dan perontokan mengandung kadar air sebesar sekitar 65% (Nugraha, 2018), dengan kadar air air sebesar ini terdapat beberapa penelitian dan studi mengembangkan teknologi pretreatment sebelum dijadikan bahan bakar boiler. Selain itu bentuk fisik tandan kosong juga masih berbentuk seperti tandan atau janjangan seperti Gambar 1. Bentuk fisik seperti ini juga menyulitkan proses pengolahan limbah tandan kosong ini, karena memiliki bentuk, densitas dan kekerasan yang berbeda. Terdapat beberapa teknologi peningkatan kualitas limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang saat ini sedang berkembang, diantaranya adalah: biopellet , hydrotermal treatment, dan torrefaction. Metode yang sudah sering dikaji efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas biomassa baik secara fisis dan kandungan kimia adalah Hydrotermal Treatment (HT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Hydrothermal Treatment (HT)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 663, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejumlah penelitian telah mengusulkan proses pencucian biomassa sebelum dijadikan bahan bakar, tujuan pencucian ini adalah untuk menghilangkan elemen bermasalah dari biomassa (Nasution, 2014). Perlakuan hidrotermal (HT) dikenal untuk mengkonversi limbah padat kadar air tinggi menjadi kering, seragam, bubuk, bahan bakar padat seperti batu bara. Selain itu, HT juga dapat menghilangkan anorganik seperti Ca, S, P, Mg, K Fe, dan Mn dari biomassa. Kombinasi dari dua pra- perlakuan, HT, dan mencuci, layak untuk diselidiki untuk memaksimalkan efektif dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 32 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "meningkatkan sifat fisik, bahan bakar sifat serta mengurangi kadar abu khususnya unsur kalium dari tandan kosong sawit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 456, "height": 150, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidrotermal merupakan metode konversi kimia yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas bahan bakar padat biomassa. Hidrotermal sering disebut dengan proses Torefaksi. Torefaksi atau pengarangan, merupakan perlakuan termal biomassa tanpa adanya oksigen selama kurang lebih 15 – 60 menit pada temperatur 200°C – 300°C dan tekanan atmosferik (Idris, et. al, 2012). Hasilnya, biomassa akan berubah menjadi produk yang menyerupai arang. Tranformasi torefaksi adalah proses dengan efisiensi tinggi (konversi 85% – 95%). Perlakuan panas tidak hanya mengubah struktur serat, tetapi juga keuletan dari biomassa. Selama proses torefaksi, biomassa akan mengalami devolatisasi yang menyebabkan penurunan berat, tetapi kandungan energi awal dari biomassa yang telah mengalami torefaksi tersebut tetap terjaga dalam produk padatan sehingga densitas energi dari biomassa menjadi lebih tinggi dibanding biomassa awal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 275, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbandingan antara kualitas batubara, tandan kosong sawit murni, dan tandan kosong sawit setelah di hidrotermal ditunjukkan pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 305, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 321, "width": 403, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbandingan kualitas Batubara, Tandan Kosong Murni, dan Tandan Kosong Hidrotermal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 337, "width": 369, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Darmawan, et. al, 2017) Komponen Paramater Batubara Tandan Kosong Tandan Kosong Hidrotermal Analisis Proksimat (% berat) Fixed Carbon 40,23 6,43 28,62 Volatile Matter 41,57 33,09 62,57 Moisture 17,30 58,00 3,00 Ash 0,9 2,48 5,82 Analisis Ultimat (% berat) C 56,98 17,58 52,72 H 3,69 2,48 5,33 O 18,13 19,22 31,95 N 2,83 0,71 0,85 S 0,17 0,00 0,00 Calorific Value (MJ/kg) 22,34 7,86 22,22", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 555, "width": 456, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa setelah tandan kosong mengalami proses karbonasi dengan hidrotermal diperoleh kenaikan calorific value dari 7,86 MJ/kg menjadi 22,22 MJ/kg. Nilai kalor tandan kosong mendekati dengan batubara. Dengan adanya treatment ini kualitas bahan bakar menjadi lebih baik. Selain calorific value , parameter penting lain adalah kadar air. Sifat tandan kosong yang berserabut, dan hidrofilik, membuat air tidak mudah meninggalkan tandan kosong (Idris, et. al, 2012). Air yang terkandung pada tandan kosong ini tidak dapat dikurangi dengan pengeringan biasa. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Idris, setelah dilakukan torefaksi selama 30 menit pada suhu 300 derajat, tandan kosong mengalami penurunan kadar air sebanyak 31,8%. Selain pengurangan kadar air yang cukup signifikan, melalui torrefaksi yang diusulkan, warna tandan kosong yang terbakar menjadi lebih gelap karena perubahan suhu yang meningkat dari cokelat muda ke cokelat gelap (Gambar 3). Perubahan warna ini disebabkan oleh devolatisasi biomassa dan peningkatan kandungan karbon dengan meningkatnya suhu torefaksi. Keadaan vakum, dimana tandan kosong tidak kontak langsung dengan udara bebas, yang diusulkan membuat perubahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 33 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "warna tandan kosong hidrotermal tidak terlihat secara signifikan. Proses hidrotermal sering juga disebut dengan proses karboninasi dimana dihasilkan produk berupa char .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan fisik juga terjadi selama proses hidrotermal ini. Struktur tandan kosong yang ulet dan berserat kuat, sebagian besar hancur melalui pemecahan hemiselulosa dan tingkat molekul selulosa menjadi lebih rendah. Hal ini membuat tandan kosong hidrotermal menjadi rapuh dan mudah digiling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 362, "width": 296, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Perubahan warna Tandan Kosong Setelah Hidrotermal", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 394, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mekanisme dari hydrothermal treatment didasarkan pada reaksi dari 3 komponen utama biomassa, yaitu hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin (Idris et. al, 2012). Pada temperatur 200°C, hemiselulosa mengalami devolatisasi secara terbatas dan pengarbonan (biomassa mulai berwarna kecoklatan). Saat devolatisasi dilanjutkan dengan temperatur sekitar 250-260°C, lignin dan selulosa sedikit mengalami dekomposisi yang tidak menyebabkan kehilangan berat biomassa secara signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 471, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbedaan reaksi pada hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin yang menghasilkan 2 jenis torefaksi. Yang pertama adalah torefaksi ringan dengan temperatur di bawah 240°C dan ditandai oleh dekomposisi yang signifikan dari hemiselulosa. Sedangkan yang kedua adalah torefaksi berat (severe torefaksi) yang terjadi di atas 270°C dan ditandai oleh reaksi selulosa dan lignin. Pada proses inilah biomassa berubah menjadi char .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 564, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Teknologi Cofiring PLTU Batubara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah Republik Indonesia melalui PT Pembangkitan Jawa–Bali (PT PJB), sebuah anak perusahaan PT PLN, BUMN produsen listrik yang menyuplai kebutuhan listrik di dengan kapasitas total 6.511 Megawatt mencanangkan program cofiring PLTU ini. Cofiring batubara dengan limbah biomassa dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengurangi penggunaan energi fosil yang tidak terbarukan, mengurangi emisi karbon, dan peningkatan komposisi bauran EBT dalam total bauran energi nasional dengan cara yang relatif cepat dan mudah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 673, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cofiring merupakan proses penambahan biomassa sebagai bahan bakar pengganti parsial ke dalam boiler batubara tanpa melakukan modifikasi yang signifikan (Surjosatyo, 2018). Tujuan dari cofiring adalah untuk mengurangi penggunaan energi fosil yang tidak terbarukan. Meskipun biomassa merupakan sumber energi potensial, perilakunya jauh berbeda dengan batubara. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memahami perilaku batubara dan biomassa serta pengaruhnya terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 34 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "efisiensi pembakaran (Idris, et. al, 2012). Pembakaran bersama batubara-biomassa adalah salah satu jangka pendek yang menjanjikan alternatif penggunaan bahan bakar terbarukan dengan tujuan mengurangi dari emisi CO 2 . Selain itu, penggunaan biomassa dapat mewakili alternatif untuk pembuangan limbah dan pemanfaatannya sebagai yang terbarukan sumber energi (Darmawan, et. al, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 166, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat 3 metode cofiring yang dibedakan berdasarkan mekanisme pencampuran dengan batubaranya (Madanayake, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 197, "width": 434, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Direct Cofiring , merupakan opsi yang paling murah dan yang paling umum diterapkan. Limbah biomassa yang sudah diolah, biopellet atau HT, dicampur melalui peralatan penggiling/grinding dan pengumpan/feeder yang sama atau terpisah kemudian dimixing dengan batubara ke dalam boiler yang sama untuk dibakar, maupun menggunakan boiler terpisah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 275, "width": 435, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Indirect Cofiring , biomassa digasifikasi terlebih dahulu menjadi syn gas . Kelebihan dari metode ini adalah proses gasifikasi ini meminimalkan dampak pencemaran dari pembakaran langsung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 321, "width": 435, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Parelel Cofiring , pada metode ini memerlukan investasi pembangunan boiler berbahan bakar biomassa yang terpisah, kemudian uap yang dihasilkan dari boiler biomassa diumpankan ke dalam sistem uap boiler berbahanbakar batubara eksisting. Pendekatan ini menggunakan boiler biomassa yang terpisah dari boiler batubara yang memungkinkan pemanfaatan biomassa lebih maksimal, namun biasanya digunakan pada produk sampingan untuk pabrik kertas (mis., kulit kayu, limbah kayu).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 521, "width": 316, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a) (b) (c)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 141, "top": 537, "width": 316, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Metode Cofiring (a) Direct Cofiring, (b) Indirect Cofiring , (c) Paralel Cofiring (EBTKE, 2020)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas bahan bakar padat dibandingkan menggunakan tiga jenis analisis, yaitu nilai kalor, analisis proksimat, dan analisis ultimat. Nilai kalor menunjukkan energi panas yang dapat dihasilkan tiap satuan massa bahan bakar. Terdapat dua jenis nilai kalor, yaitu nilai kalor atas (HHV atau high heating value ) dan nilai kalor bawah (LHV atau low heating value ). HHV diperoleh melalui pembakaran bahan bakar yang disertai dengan terkondensasinya air setelah proses pembakaran. LHV merupakan nilai yang diperoleh pada pembakaran bahan bakar tanpa disertai kondensasi air setelah proses pembakaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 688, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis proksimat dilakukan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun bahan bakar padat. Adapun komponen yang ditinjau yaitu kadar air, zat terbang, abu, dan karbon tetap. Analisis proksimat yang dilakukan mengacu pada standar ASTM D 3172 (Gusman, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 35 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 119, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis ultimat dilakukan untuk mengetahui elemen organik penyusun bahan bakar padat, seperti karbon, hidrogen, oksigen, nitrogen, dan sulfur. Analisis ultimat dilakukan mengacu pada standar ASTM D 3176. Analisis ultimat dapat digambarkan pada diagram Van Krevelen. Diagram Van Krevelen (Gambar 5) menjelaskan hubungan antara karbon, oksigen, dan hidrogen dalam bentuk perbandingan. Kualitas bahan bakar padat yang baik memiliki rasio O : C dan H : C yang menurun. Sementara rasio O : C yang meningkat dan H : C yang menurun menghasilkan bahan dengan kualitas baik. Batubara merupakan materi yang dijadikan acuan kualitas bahan bakar padat, baik dari analisis nilai kalor, analisis proksimat, maupun analisis ultimat (Gusman, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 426, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Diagram Van Krevelen", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 457, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Abu Hasil Pembakaran Cofiring Tandan Kosong dan Batubara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 473, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disamping potensi tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai cofiring batubara, pembakaran bersama kedua bahan bakar ini tetap menjadi tantangan. Salah satunya adalah masalah terkait abu terjadi selama dan setelah pembakaran. Konsentrasi tinggi Cl dan logam alkali (K dan Na) yang terkandung pada tandan kosong menghasilkan penumpukan deposit yang tidak dapat dikelola dengan cepat di permukaan yang terbakar, terutama slagging yang diinduksi alkali pada area superheater dan slagging yang diinduksi lelehan silikat di dinding furnace PLTU, yang menghambat perpindahan panas dan mengurangi boiler efisiensi (Y. Niu, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 456, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, akumulasi abu dengan Cl tinggi dapat menyebabkan korosi pada pipa. Permasalahan lain yaitu agglomerasi, agglomerasi terbentuk dari abu yang menyatu atau sebagian menyatu antara abu biomassa, batubara, dan pasir sebagai media pemanas pada furnace . Agglomerasi mengakibatkan defluidiasi hingga shutdown tak terjadwal dari seluruh pembangkit listrik. Tidak seperti batubara, biomassa memiliki berbagai sumber. Misalnya, biomassa kayu memiliki kandungan Si dan K yang rendah, namun tinggi di Ca. Residu pertanian tinggi Si dan K, namun rendah Ca. Bagian yang berbeda pada biomassa, dapat menghasilkan kandungan dan komposisi abu yang berbeda. Abu yang dihasilkan tidak dapat diprediksi dan sangat bervariasi masalah. Dampak hasil pembakaran abu biomassa ditunjukkan oleh Gambar 6. Proses ini dapat dihindarkan dengan proses pretraetment biomassa, berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan Gusman, 2016, terjadi penurunan total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 36 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 458, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "alkali (Na, K) sebesar 15,3% saat dibandingkan analisis ultimat tandan kosong sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan torefaksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 325, "width": 362, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2.3. Dampak Hasil Pembakaran Biomassa dan Batubara pada unit PLTU", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 279, "top": 341, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Y. Niu, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 376, "width": 80, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 392, "width": 456, "height": 134, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia yang menyebabkan potensi limbah yang dihasilkan cukup besar, salah satunya tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Permasalahan akan limbah tandan kosong muncul karena limbah ini kurang dimanfaatkan dan hanya menjadi sampah. Teknologi cofiring pada PLTU Batubara telah diidentifikasi sebagai salah satu teknologi yang mudah dilakukan dan paling efisien untuk mengubah limbah kelapa sawit ini menjadi energi. Terlebih saat tandan kosong diolah lebih dahulu dengan hydrothermal treatment (HT) terbukti mampu meningkatkan kualitas bahan bakar sebelum dicampur dengan batubara. Kehadiran tandan kosong hidrotermal dapat mengatasi permasalahan terkait hasil pembakaran cofiring biomassa dan batubara dewasa ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 547, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 562, "width": 456, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Darmawan, A., Budianto, D., Aziz, M. (2017). Hydrothermally-treated empty fruit bunch cofiring in coal power plants: a techno-economic assessment, Journal Energy Procedia 105, p. 297-302.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewan Energi Nasional (2020). Buku Bauran Energi Nasional 2020. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal DEN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gusman, Hanif (2016). Peningkatan Kualitas Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Produk Torefaksi Basah Skala Pilot Sebagai Bahan Bakar Padat Bersih. Teknik Mesin ITB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 656, "width": 456, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Garcia-Nunez, J.A., Ramirez-Contreras, N.E., Rodriguez, D.T. (2016). Evolution of palm oil mills into bio-refineries: Literature review on current and potential uses of residual biomass and effluents. Journal Resources, Conservation and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 687, "width": 165, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Recycling 110, pp. 99–114", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 702, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 39, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 37 dari 37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 129, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 28 – 37 doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 456, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Idris, S.S, Rahman, N.A, Ismail, K. (2012). Combustion characteristics of Malaysian oil palm biomass, sub-bituminous coal and their respective blends via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Journal Bioresource Technology 123, p. 581–591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.065", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 135, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementerian ESDM Republik Indonesia (2020): Arah Kebijakan untuk Mendukung Implementasi Cofiring Bahan Bakar Jumputan Padat pada PLTU. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal EBTKE Madanayake, BM (2017): Biomass as an energy source in coal co-firing and its feasibility enhancement via pre-treatment techniques, Fuel Processing Technology 159, pp. 289–291.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 197, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasution, N.A., Herawan, T. (2014) Analysis of Palm Biomass as Electricity from Palm Oil Mills in North Sumatera, Journal Energy Procedia 47, p. 166–172.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 228, "width": 456, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nugraha, Endah Laksmi (2018). Studi Integrasi Torrefaction Sebagai Pre-Treatment Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Pada Co-Firing Biomassa Dengan Pendekatan Computational Fluid Dynamics. Teknik Fisika ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 275, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2017 tentang Rencana Umum Energi Nasional. Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Surjosatyo, Adi (2018). Penelitian dan Pengembangan Gasifikasi Biomassa Bergerak (Mobile Gasifier). Lemtek Universitas Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 337, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tilman, DA (2017). Final Report: EPRI-USDOECooperative Agreement Co-firing Biomass with Coal, pp. 1-10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 368, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yanqiu, N., Tan, H., Hui, S. (2016). Ash-related issues during biomass combustion: Alkali- inducedslagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration, corrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures. Journal Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 52, p. 1–61 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2015.09.003", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 149, "width": 406, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PRIORITAS PENANGANAN REHABILITASI RENOVASI DAN PENILAIAN KONDISI SARANA PRASARANA SEKOLAH DAN MADRASAH DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 348, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zulfadhli a,* , Muttaqin Hasan b , Taufiq Saidi b a Magister Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 343, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh *Corresponding author, email address: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 272, "width": 102, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 272, "width": 67, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 284, "width": 456, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History: Based on Presidential Regulation Number 43 of 2019, the Ministry of Public", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 218, "top": 296, "width": 316, "height": 331, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Works and Public Housing through the Aceh Regional Settlement Infrastructure Center continues to accelerate the rehabilitation of schools/madrasahs' infrastructure. Aceh Besar Regency has an educational infrastructure totaling 376 public schools/madrasahs, including in the outermost (border) area. This research aims to identify and analyze the assessment of the condition of schools/madrasahs' infrastructure, as well as analyze the priorities for handling the rehabilitation and renovation of schools/madrasahs in Aceh Besar Regency. This study used a mixed-methods method where questionnaires were used as population and instrument determinations through observation and surveys. Samples were obtained from 79 public schools/madrasahs in Aceh Besar Regency. The processing techniques were carried out on 31 public schools/madrasahs identified as severely/moderately damaged, an analysis of the level of damage to schools/madrasahs based on the Circular Letter of the Directorate General of Cipta Karya Number 47 of 2020. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling with considerations based on stakeholders. Respondents were determined as many as 6 stakeholders in the field of infrastructure. The criteria reviewed are state schools/madrasahs, have at least 1 classroom heavily/moderately damaged, are in a 3T area or developing village (lagging, frontier, and outermost), are in state-owned locations/lands (recorded in state assets), are not currently receiving funding assistance, non-permanent buildings, and the number of students/i. The data analysis technique is used Multi-Criteria Analysis. The results showed that the dominant criterion that needs to be considered in handling the rehabilitation and renovation of schools/madrasahs infrastructure in Aceh Besar Regency is the criteria for state schools/madrasahs. The priority for handling is SMPN 2 Lembah Seulawah as priority 1, SDN Bak Sukon as priority 2, SMPN 1 lembah Seulawah as priority 3, SMPN 3 Kuta Cot Glie as priority 4, SDN Lamcot as priority 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 296, "width": 121, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 05 July 2022 Accepted 09 September 2022 Online 30 September 2022 Keywords: Facilities Infrastructure Schools Madrasahs", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 422, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Renovation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 434, "width": 449, "height": 203, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rehabilitation. ©2022 Magister Teknik Sipil Unsyiah. All rights reserved", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 653, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 471, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sarana prasarana yang baik dapat meningkatkan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang canggih. Menurut Rizki, A. M., dan Marina, N (2019), bangunan sekolah merupakan prasarana yang penting untuk menunjang mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. Namun, kondisi bangunan sekolah masih banyak yang mengalami kerusakan. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya perhatian pada kualitas bangunan tersebut maupun faktor-faktor yang tidak menentu lainnya seperti kesalahan dalam merancang, cuaca, maupun bencana alam. Mulyadi, B (2019), mengatakan untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan keamanan dan kenyamanan bagi penggunanya, bangunan gedung sekolah harus tetap dijaga dalam kondisi baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 69, "width": 264, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan (JARSP) Journal of Archive in Civil Engineering and Planning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 94, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN: 2615-1340; P-ISSN: 2620-7567", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 117, "width": 251, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal homepage: http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JARSP/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 230, "top": 48, "width": 152, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "248", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemeliharaan bangunan gedung sekolah yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan yang terjadi sebagaimana mestinya, dalam hal ini untuk meningkatkan kondisi bangunan gedung sekolah dari kondisi rusak ringan dan rusak berat menjadi kondisi baik serta laik fungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 470, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka mengimplementasikan kebutuhan sarana prasarana pendidikaan. Presiden Republik Indonesia pada sidang Kabinet Paripurna tanggal 18 Juli 2018 di Istana Bogor, mengamanahkan tambahan fungsi Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) yaitu pelaksanaan pengembangan sumber daya manusia, yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 43 tahun 2019 tentang Pembangunan, Rehabilitasi, atau Renovasi Pasar Rakyat, Prasarana Perguruan Tinggi, Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam dan Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Kementerian PUPR melalui Balai Prasarana Permukiman Wilayah (BPPW) Aceh bermaksud melakukan upaya percepatan rehabilitasi dan renovasi sarana prasarana pendidikan, khusus kategori sekolah/madrasah negeri yang berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar) di Provinsi Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 470, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Aceh Besar merupakan salah satu wilayah terluar (perbatasan) di Provinsi Aceh, berdasarkan penetapan Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2015. Kabupaten Aceh Besar meliputi 23 kecamatan dengan luas wilayah 2.903,50 km 2 , sebagian wilayahnya berada di kepulauan yaitu Pulau Breuh, Pulau Nasi, Pulau Teunom dan Pulau Bunta. Buku Kabupaten Aceh Besar Dalam Angka Badan Pusat Statistik (2021), menyebutkan pada tahun 2020 jumlah sekolah/madrasah negeri sebanyak 376 sekolah/madrasah dengan jumlah murid 63.753 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 470, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahun 2019 dan 2021, Kabupaten Aceh Besar mendapatkan penanganan rehabilitasi dan renovasi sarana prasarana pendidikan pada 12 sekolah/madrasah negeri dengan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan rusak berat/sedang, Laporan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Balai Permukiman Wilayah Aceh (2021). Berdasarkan pengamatan, penanganan tersebut belum terpenuhi sekolah/madrasah lainnya yang mengalami kerusakan. Dari permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan suatu penelitian identifikasi tingkat kerusakan pada populasi sekolah/madrasah negeri di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Prioritas penanganan rehabilitasi dan renovasi sarana prasarana pendidikan dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada sekolah/madrasah negeri yang meliputi yaitu Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN)/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN), Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri (SMPN)/Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN), Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMAN)/Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri (SMKN).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 498, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria penanganan rehabilitasi dan renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah sesuai berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden No. 43 tahun 2019. Seluruh kriteria tersebut mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda- beda pada setiap sekolah/madrasah negeri di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Oleh karena itu dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa kriteria tersebut, maka penentuan skala prioritas dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan keputusan Analisis Multi Kriteria (AMK).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 585, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. KAJIAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 600, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Kategori Tingkat Kerusakan Bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 24 Tahun 2008 menjelaskan bahwa kerusakan bangunan adalah tidak berfungsinya bangunan atau komponen bangunan akibat penyusutan/berakhirnya umur bangunan, atau akibat ulah manusia atau perilaku alam seperti beban fungsi yang berlebih, kebakaran, gempa bumi, atau sebab lain yang sejenis. Intensitas kerusakan bangunan dapat digolongkan atas tiga tingkat kerusakan, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 687, "width": 464, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kerusakan ringan, yaitu kerusakan yang terjadi pada komponen non- struktural, seperti penutup atap, langit langit, penutup lantai dan dinding pengisi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 716, "width": 463, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kerusakan sedang, yaitu kerusakan pada sebagian komponen non- struktural, dan atau komponen struktural seperti struktur atap, lantai, dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 745, "width": 464, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kerusakan berat, yaitu kerusakan pada sebagian besar komponen bangunan, baik struktural maupun non- struktural yang apabila setelah diperbaiki masih dapat berfungsi dengan baik sebagaimana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 76, "width": 45, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mestinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 470, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan tingkat kerusakan bangunan gedung didasarkan pada ukuran kuantitatif besarnya kerusakan yang terjadi pada masing-masing komponen (aspek struktur, arsitektur, utilitas, dan finishing), yang dibedakan menjadi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 134, "width": 297, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tingkat kerusakan ≤ 30% dikategorikan sebagai Rusak Ringan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 149, "width": 364, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tingkat kerusakan 30% sampai 45% dikategorikan sebagai Rusak Sedang; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 163, "width": 292, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tingkat kerusakan > 45`% dikategorikan sebagai Rusak Berat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 178, "width": 470, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya (SE DJCK) Nomor 47 Tahun 2020 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Standardisasi Desain dan Penilaian Kerusakan Sekolah dan Madrasah, terdapat instrument penilaian kerusakan yang disediakan untuk bangunan lantai 1, bangunan lantai 2 atau panggung, dan bangunan lantai 3 atau lebih. Formulir penilaian kerusakan dapat digunakan untuk menilai kerusakan dalam lingkup massa bangunan maupun lingkup ruang kelas. Perbedaan dari kedua lingkup penilaian tersebut adalah pada volume keseluruhan dari komponen yang dinilai tingkat kerusakannya, dimana untuk lingkup massa bangunan volume keseluruhan komponen lebih banyak dari pada lingkup ruangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 312, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2 Tata cara Penilaian Kerusakan Bangunan Sekolah dan Madrasah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 323, "width": 470, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan SE DJCK No. 47 Tahun 2020, menjelaskan bahwa tata cara penilaian kerusakan sekolah/madrasah dilakukan berdasarkan atas 2 tahapan, yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 352, "width": 463, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tahap 1, pengamatan visual terhadap ada/tidaknya kerusakan dari setiap komponen bangunan (struktur, arsitektur, dan utilitas) berdampak terhadap keselamatan pemanfaatan ruang/bangunan, maka dihasilkan kesimpulan bangunan rusak berat dan proses penilaian dapat dihentikan. Sedangkan apabila kerusakan komponen bangunan tidak masuk kriteria berdampak terhadap keselamatan, maka proses penilaian dilanjutkan ke tahap 2.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 425, "width": 463, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Tahap 2, penentuan (penilaian) tingkat kerusakan dilakukan pada setiap komponen bangunan yang terdiri dari komponen struktur (pondasi, kolom, balok, plat lantai, tangga, dan rangka atap), komponen arsitektural (dinding/partisi, plafon, penutup lantai, kusen, pintu, jendela, dan finishing) dan komponen utilitas (instalasi listrik, instalasi air, dan drainase limbah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 216, "top": 713, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Skema Alur Penilaian Kerusakan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 217, "top": 728, "width": 199, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Surat Edaran DJCK No. 47 Tahun 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "250", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 424, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3 Klasifikasi Kerusakan dan Perhitungan Persentase Kerusakan Komponen Bangunan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 470, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Surat Edaran DJCK No. 47 Tahun 2020, klasifikasi kerusakan dan perhitungan persentase kerusakan komponen bangunan dapat dihitung seperti pada Gambar 2 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 429, "width": 287, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2 . Perhitugan Persentase Tingkat Kerusakan Bangunan Sumber: Surat Edaran DJCK No. 47 Tahun 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 471, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Teknik Penentuan Populasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 500, "width": 470, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi dimaksudkan adalah jumlah 376 sekolah/madrasah negeri di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Adapun sampel yang merupakan bagian yang didapat mewakili populasi, dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 547, "width": 471, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n = ( ) = ( , ) = 78,9 = 79 (1) dimana:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 582, "width": 175, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n = Jumlah elemen/anggota sampel;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 597, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N = Jumlah elemen/anggota populasi; dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 611, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e = Error level (tingkat kesalahan) umumnya digunakan 1% atau 0,01, 5% atau 0,05 dan 10% atau 0,1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 470, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 79 sekolah/madrasah negeri di Kabupaten Aceh Besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Teknik Penentuan Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 697, "width": 471, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kuesioner dirancang 2 tahap. Kuesioner tahap I, disusun secara terstruktur daftar pertanyaan kepada setiap responden yaitu populasi kepala sekolah/madrasah negeri, untuk mengidentifikasi kerusakan sarana prasarana pada populasi sekolah/madrasah negeri di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, penyebaran kuesioner dilakukan melalui google Form . Kuesioner tahap II, disusun secara terstruktur daftar pertanyaan kepada stakeholder sebagai responden pemangku kepentingan, pengumpulan data kuesioner dilakukan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "251", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menjumpai langsung tempat keberadaan responden dan memberikan formulir kuesioner. Teknik penentuan sampel responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel atas pertimbangan tertentu, dan didasarkan atas kepentingan kebijakan dari Balai Prasarana Permukiman Wilayah (BPPW) Aceh. Dalam hal ini, jumlah sampel responden ditetapkan sebanyak 6 stakeholder yaitu Kepala Balai Prasarana Permukiman Wilayah (BPPW) Aceh, Kepala Seksi Pelaksanaan (BPPW) Aceh, Kepala Satuan Kerja Sarana Prasarana (BPPW) Aceh, PPK Prasarana Strategis (BPPW) Aceh, Kepala Bidang Sarana Prasarana Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Aceh Besar, dan Kepala Bidang Sarana Prasarana Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Aceh Besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 206, "width": 385, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Teknik Pengambilan Data Penilaian Kerusakan Bangunan Sekolah dan Madrasah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 220, "width": 470, "height": 141, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan survei, hasil rekapitulasi identifikasi kerusakan sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah negeri dari hasil jawaban kuesioner tahap I. Dimana peneliti mengamati setiap komponen bangunan sekolah/madrasah terhadap ada/tidaknya identifikasi berdampak kerusakan terhadap keselamatan pemanfaatan ruangan/bangunan, jika tidak ada maka dilanjutkan pada tahap pengukuran dimensi dan penilaian tingkat kerusakan komponen bangunan. Dilakukan dengan menggunakan meteran dan dihitung persentase sesuai dengan SE DJCK No. 47 Tahun 2020. Persentase kerusakan komponen bangunan diisi menggunakan format penilaian kerusakan. Peralatan yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan survei adalah: Meteran, kamera, papan jalan, pensil/bolpoin, dan format penilaian kerusakan. Hasil dari pelaksanaan observasi dan survei, data yang diperoleh dihitung luasan dan persentase kerusakan sesuai Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Teknik Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 470, "height": 185, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data ini menggunakan Analisis Multi Kriteria (AMK). AMK merupakan alternatif teknik yang mampu menggabungkan sejumlah kriteria dengan besaran yang berbeda ( multi variable ) dan dalam persepsi pihak terkait yang bermacam-macam ( multi facet ) Supriadi, A (2018). Hirarki AMK meliputi tujuan, kriteria, dan alternatif. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kriteria yang dominan perlu dipertimbangkan dan prioritas dalam penanganan rehabilitasi dan renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah. Kriterianya adalah berdasarkan Perpres No. 43 tahun 2019 yaitu: sekolah/madrasah negeri, memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang, berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar), berada di lokasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara), dan tidak sedang mendapatkan bantuan pendanaan (baik dari dana DAK, APBD dan/atau CSR). Sedangkan kriteria lain yang menjadi pertimbangan yaitu bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai), dan jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/tambahan ruang kelas). Alternatifnya adalah sekolah/madrasah negeri dengan kondisi fisik memiliki minimal 1 ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang hasil penilaian dan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan. AMK mempunyai beberapa tahapan yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 253, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat matriks perbandingan kriteria berpasangan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 597, "width": 304, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Mengevaluasi kinerja alternatif pada masing-masing kriteria; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 611, "width": 173, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Membuat matriks kinerja alternatif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 165, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 444, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1 Identifikasi dan klasifikasi Tingkat Kerusakan Sarana Prasarana Sekolah dan Madrasah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 668, "width": 470, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah, dilakukan untuk menganalisis status, lokasi, dan kondisi fisik sekolah/madrasah negeri. observasi dan survei sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat kerusakan dan penilaian kondisi sekolah/madrasah negeri, hasil yang diperoleh berupa gambaran sarana dan prasarana yang layak untuk dilakukan rehabilitasi dan renovasi oleh Kementerian PUPR melalui Balai Prasarana Permukiman Wilayah Aceh, sumber dana APBN. Adapun penilaian tingkat kerusakan yang dilakukan yaitu ruang kegiatan belajar (RKB) atau massa bangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "252", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian tingkat kerusakan sekolah/madrasah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan SE DJCK 47 Tahun 2020 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Standardisasi Desain dan Penilaian Kerusakan Sekolah dan Madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 105, "width": 470, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil rekapitulasi identifikasi tingkat kerusakan pada 79 sampel sekolah/madrasah, terdapat 23 sekolah/madrasah negeri diidentifikasi rusak berat/sedang dengan status bangunan tercatat dalam aset barang milik negara (BMN). Observasi dan survei dilakukan pada 23 sekolah/madrasah negeri yang diidentifikasi rusak berat/sedang, 3 sampel sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi rusak ringan, dan 5 sampel sekolah/madrasah dilakukan observasi langsung, total jumlah observasi dan survei yaitu 31 sekolah/madrasah negeri. Data hasil observasi/survei dilakukan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan menggunakan formulir penilaian kerusakan. Adapun hasil penilaian dan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 236, "width": 426, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan sarana prasarana sekolah dan madrasah negeri (1/2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 251, "width": 461, "height": 517, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Nama sekolah/ madrasah negeri Klasifikasi penilaian kerusakan bangunan ruang kegiatan belajar (RKB) Ruang/massa bangunan kegiatan belajar Tingkat kerusakan Bobot (%) 1 SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah RKB 2 unit (gedung I), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan dinding (komponen tidak sesuai) Rusak berat 54,23 % 2 SMP N1 Mesjid Raya RKB 2 unit (gedung G), kerusakan: atap, plafon, lantai, pintu dan kusen Rusak ringan 24,97 % 3 MIN 30 RKB 3 unit (gedung A), kerusakan: atap, plafond, lantai, jendela dan pintu Rusak ringan 22,35 % 4 SD N Lamcot RKB/Perpustakaan 1 unit (gedung B), kerusakan: atap, plafon, lantai dan jendela Rusak ringan 20,65 % 5 MAN 5 RKB 3 unit (gedung F) Kerusakan: Kolom, balok, atap, dinding, plafond, lantai, kusen dan jendela Rusak ringan 20,57 % 6 SMP N 3 Kuta Cot Glie RKB 1 unit (gedung D), kerusakan: kolom, atap, dinding, plafond, lantai, kusen dan jendela pintu Rusak ringan 18,95 % 7 SMP N 1 lembah Seulawah RKB 2 unit (gedung G), kerusakan: kolom selasar, atap, plafond, lantai dan kusen Rusak ringan 15,78 % 8 SD N Bak Sukon RKB IV dan V (gedung C), kerusakan: atap, plafond, dinding, jendela dan lantai Rusak ringan 15,52 % 9 SMP N1 Kuta Baro RKB/Laboratorium 1 unit (gedung B), kerusakan: atap, plafon dan lantai Rusak ringan 15,27 % 10 MAN 2 RKB 3 unit (gedung C), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 14,49 % 11 MIN 6 RKB 4 unit dan WC (gedung C), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan kusen (komponen tidak sesuai) Rusak ringan 13,08 % 12 SMP N 3 Lembah Selawah RKB 4 unit (gedung E), kerusakan: atap, plafon, lantai dan kusen Rusak ringan 11,90 % 13 MAN 1 RKB 4 unit dan gudang (gedung E), kerusakan: atap, plafond, lantai, jendela dan pintu Rusak ringan 11,66 % 14 MIN 16 RKB 6 unit dan musalla (gedung C), kerusakan: plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 7,51 % 15 SD N Lamleuot RKB 5 unit (gedung B), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 7,23 % 16 MIN 29 Lhokga RKB 2 unit (gedung C), kerusakan: atap dan plafon Rusak ringan 6,48 % 17 SD N Lam Geue RKB 3 unit (gedung I), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 6,41 % 18 SMP N 2 Peukan Bada RKB 2 unit dan ruang TIK (gedung F), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 5,89 % 19 SMP N 3 Montasik RKB 3 unit ruang UKS (gedung L), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 5,82 % 20 MIN 11 RKB 4 unit dan rumah jaga (gedung C), kerusakan: atap dan plafond Rusak ringan 5,67 % 21 SD Lam Ilie RKB 1 unit (gedung A), kerusakan: plafon dan Jendela Rusak ringan 4,78 % 22 MIN 39 RKB 3 unit (gedung B), kerusakan: plafond, dinding, lantai Rusak ringan 4,65 % 23 SD N Ladong RKB 1 unit (gedung D), kerusakan: atap dan plafon Rusak ringan 4,49 % 24 SMA N 1 Lembah Seulawah RKB 2 unit (gedung N), kerusakan: atap, plafond dan lantai Rusak ringan 3,62 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "253", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 76, "width": 426, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan sarana prasarana sekolah dan madrasah negeri (2/2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 91, "width": 461, "height": 175, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Nama sekolah/ madrasah negeri Klasifikasi penilaian kerusakan bangunan ruang kegiatan belajar (RKB) Ruang/massa bangunan kegiatan belajar Tingkat kerusakan Bobot (%) 25 SD N Desa Teuladan RKB 4 unit dan WC (gedung B), kerusakan: kolom Rusak ringan 3,60 % 26 MIN 32 RKB 2 unit (gedung F), kerusakan: atap, plafon dan jendela Rusak ringan 3,59 % 27 SD N Siron RKB 4 unit dan WC (gedung D), kerusakan: plafond, jendela dan pintu Rusak ringan 3,29 % 28 SD N Lamtamot RKB 3 unit dan WC (gedung C), kerusakan: lantai dan pintu Rusak ringan 2,69 % 29 SD N Ie Alang RKB 1 unit (gedung B), kerusakan: plafond, talang selasar dan jendela Rusak ringan 2, 51 % 30 MIN 10 RKB 4 unit (gedung B), kerusakan: plafond dan talang selasar Rusak ringan 2,38 % 31 SD N Seureumo RKB, kerusakan : - Rusak ringan 1,50 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 284, "width": 238, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2 Matriks Perbandingan Kriteria Berpasangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 298, "width": 470, "height": 141, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks perbandingan kriteria berpasangan digunakan untuk memetakan nilai skala dari persepsi responden terhadap kriteria yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana Sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Perletakan nilai skala pada matriks perbandingan kriteria berpasangan dilakukan berdasarkan persepsi responden. Matriks perbandingan kriteria berpasangan pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Xi. Sebelum Xi digunakan lebih lanjut, maka perlu memastikan seluruh persepsi responden mempunyai jawaban yang konsisten, dimana nilai CR harus < 0,1. Dalam hal ini seluruh persepsi responden mempunyai nilai CR < 0,1, sehingga seluruh persepsi responden dinyatakan konsisten dalam memberikan penilaian tingkat kepentingan antar kriteria. Selanjutnya nilai Xi dari seluruh responden, perlu dicarikan nilai rata-rata Xi. Adapun nilai rata-rata Xi dari seluruh responden dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 604, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Urutan Nilai Xi Rata-rata", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 470, "height": 126, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 memperlihatkan bahwa nilai Xi rata-rata tertinggi didapat pada kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri (K1) sebesar 0,24. Hal ini berarti bahwa kriteria yang dominan perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar menurut persepsi stakeholders adalah kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri. Selain kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri, urutan kriteria lainnya yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar menurut persepsi stakeholders adalah kriteria berada di lokasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara) (K4) sebesar 0,18, tidak sedang mendapatkan bantuan pendanaan (K5) sebesar 0,16, berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar) (K3) sebesar 0,16, memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 460, "width": 82, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0.24 0.18", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 472, "width": 432, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0.16 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.07 Sekolah/ madrasah negeri (K1) Berada di okasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara) (K4) Tidak sedang mendapatkan bantuan pendanaan (K5) Berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar) (K3) Memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang (K2) Bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai) (K6) Jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/ tambahan ruang kelas) (K7)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "254", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berat/sedang (K2) ) sebesar 0,12, bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai) (K6) sebesar 0,08, jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/tambahan ruang kelas) (K7) sebesar 0,07.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 296, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.3 Evaluasi Kinerja Alternatif pada Masing-masing Kriteria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 470, "height": 69, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar yang ditinjau dalam penelitian ini adalah sekolah/madrasah negeri dengan kondisi fisik memiliki minimal 1 ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang. Dari hasil penilaian klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan, didapatkan hasil 1 sekolah dengan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan rusak berat, dan 30 sekolah/madrasah klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan rusak ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 204, "width": 471, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai bahan perbandingan alternatif, maka diambil 5 sampel sekolah/madrasah negeri dengan tingkat kerusakan bobot persentase tertinggi yaitu: SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1), SMP N1 Mesjid Raya (A2), MIN 30 (A3), SD N Lamcot (A4), dan MAN 5 (A5). Setiap alternatif tersebut mempunyai kinerja tersendiri pada kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri (K1), kriteria berada di lokasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara (K4), kriteria tidak sedang mendapatkan bantuan pendanaan (K5), kriteria berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar) (K3), kriteria memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang (K2), kriteria bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai) (K6) dan kriteria jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/tambahan ruang kelas) (K7). Adapun rekapitulasi kinerja alternatif pada masing-masing kriteria dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 350, "width": 324, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Rekapitulasi skor kinerja alternatif pada masing-masing kriteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 365, "width": 466, "height": 139, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Alternatif Kriteria Sekolah/ madrasah negeri (K1) Memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang (K2) Berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar) (K3) Berada di lokasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara) (K4) Tidak sedang mendapatka n bantuan pendanaan (K5) Bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai) (K6) Jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/ tambahan ruang kelas) (K7) 1 A1 9,38 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 2 A2 7,89 4,60 8,89 10,00 0,00 0,00 9,89 3 A3 5,00 4,12 10,00 10,00 10,00 0,00 6,55 4 A4 10,00 3,81 10,00 10,00 10,00 0,00 2,11 5 A5 5,17 3,79 10,00 10,00 10,00 0,00 4,58", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 522, "width": 470, "height": 243, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap kedua AMK adalah mengevaluasi kinerja alternatif pada masing-masing kriteria yang berguna untuk diperoleh skor kinerja rata-rata alternatif pada masing-masing kriteria. Tahap kedua menginformasikan bahwa setiap kriteria mempunyai alternatif tersendiri yang perlu diprioritaskan dalam penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Bila dilihat dari kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri, penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SD N Lamcot (A4) dengan skor kinerja alternatif sebesar 10,00. Bila dilihat dari kriteria memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang, penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1) dengan skor kinerja alternatif sebesar 10,00. Bila dilihat dari kriteria berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar), penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1), MIN 30 (A3), SD N Lamcot (A4), dan MAN 5 (A5) dengan skor kinerja rata-rata alternatif sebesar 10,00. Bila dilihat dari kriteria berada di lokasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara), penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1), SMP N1 Mesjid Raya (A2), MIN 30 (A3), SD N Lamcot (A4), dan MAN 5 (A5) dengan skor kinerja rata-rata alternatif sebesar 10,00. Bila dilihat dari kriteria tidak sedang mendapatkan bantuan pendanaan, penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "255", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 470, "height": 97, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1), MIN 30 (A3), SD N Lamcot (A4), dan MAN 5 (A5) dengan skor kinerja rata-rata alternatif sebesar 10,00. Bila dilihat dari kriteria bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai), penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1) dengan skor kinerja rata-rata alternatif sebesar 10,00. Bila dilihat dari kriteria jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/ tambahan ruang kelas), penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah yang perlu diprioritaskan adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1) dengan skor kinerja rata-rata alternatif sebesar 10,00.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 153, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.4 Matriks Kriteria Alternatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 207, "width": 470, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks kriteria alternatif digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas alternatif penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa kriteria. Penentuan prioritas alternatif dilakukan dengan mengalikan hasil Xi dengan skor kinerja alternatif, lalu hasilnya dijumlahkan. Adapun matriks kriteria alternatif penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar dapat diperlihatkan pada Tabel 3 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 309, "width": 458, "height": 96, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Matriks kinerja alternatif No. Alternatif Hasil kali Xi dengan skor kinerja alternatif K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 Kinerja alternatif (Pi) Prioritas 1 A1 2,21 1,23 1,56 1,75 1,61 0,80 0,68 9,85 1 2 A2 1,86 0,56 1,39 1,75 0,00 0,00 0,67 6,25 5 3 A3 1,18 0,51 1,56 1,75 1,61 0,00 0,45 7,06 3 4 A4 2,36 0,47 1,56 1,75 1,61 0,00 0,14 7,90 2 5 A5 1,22 0,47 1,56 1,75 1,61 0,00 0,31 6,93 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 423, "width": 471, "height": 199, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap ketiga AMK adalah membuat matriks kinerja alternatif yang berguna untuk diperoleh kinerja alternatif (Pi) sebagai acuan dalam penentuan prioritas penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Nilai Pi tertinggi hingga terendah menunjukkan urutan prioritas penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Tabel 3 memperlihatkan bahwa urutan prioritas penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar berdasarkan kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri, memiliki minimal 1 (satu) ruang kelas rusak berat/sedang, berada di wilayah 3T atau desa berkembang (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar), berada di lokasi/lahan milik negara (tercatat dalam aset negara), tidak sedang mendapatkan bantuan pendanaan (baik dari dana DAK, APBD dan/atau CSR), bangunan non permanen (komponen bangunan tidak sesuai), dan jumlah siswa/i (kebutuhan/tambahan ruang kelas). Dari seluruh persepsi stakeholders adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah (A1) sebagai prioritas 1 dengan nilai Pi sebesar 9,85, SD N Lamcot (A4) sebagai prioritas 2 dengan nilai Pi sebesar 7,90, MIN 30 (A3) sebagai prioritas 3 dengan nilai Pi sebesar 7,06, MAN 5 (A5) sebagai prioritas 4 dengan nilai Pi sebesar 6,93, dan SMP N1 Mesjid Raya (A2) sebagai prioritas 5 dengan nilai Pi sebesar 6,25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 641, "width": 166, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 656, "width": 470, "height": 112, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil rekapitulasi kuesioner tahap I dari 79 sampel sekolah/madrasah negeri di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, terdapat 9 sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi ruang kegiatan belajar (RKB) rusak berat/sedang dan tercatat dalam aset negara, 15 sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi RKB rusak berat/sedang berdampak terhadap keselamatan dan tercatat dalam aset negara, 3 sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi RKB rusak berat/sedang berdampak terhadap keselamatan dan tidak tercatat dalam aset negara, 44 sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi RKB rusak ringan dan tercatat dalam aset negara, 3 sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi RKB rusak ringan dan tidak tercatat dalam aset negara, 5 sekolah/madrasah diidentifikasi tidak ada kerusakan. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan menggunakan Formulir Penilaian Kerusakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 5(3), 247-256 (2022) https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v5i3.26765", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "256", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sesuai SE DJCK No. 47 tahun 2020, didapatkan hasil 1 sekolah (SMP negeri 2 Lembah Seulawah) dengan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan rusak berat bobot penilaian sebesar 54,23% yaitu pada 2 ruang kegiatan belajar (RKB) komponen bangunan tidak sesuai ( non permanen) dan tidak berdampak terhadap keselamatan pemanfaatan ruang/bangunan, sedangkan sekolah/madrasah lainnya dengan hasil klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan rusak ringan bobot penilaian tertinggi adalah sebesar 24,97%, dan bobot penilaian terendah adalah sebesar 1,50% dan tidak berdampak terhadap keselamatan pemanfaatan ruang/bangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 163, "width": 470, "height": 185, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian didapatkan kondisi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sudah lebih baik dari segi fasilitas gedung/bangunan ruang kegiatan belajar (RKB). Kriteria yang dominan perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah adalah kriteria sekolah/madrasah negeri dengan nilai bobot kriteria sebesar 0,24. Prioritas penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sarana prasarana sekolah/madrasah adalah SMP N 2 Lembah Seulawah sebagai prioritas 1 dengan nilai kinerja alternatif sebesar 9,85, SD N Lamcot sebagai prioritas 2 dengan nilai kinerja alternatif sebesar 7,90, MIN 30 sebagai prioritas 3 dengan nilai kinerja alternatif sebesar 7,06, MAN 5 sebagai prioritas 4 dengan nilai kinerja alternatif sebesar 6,93, dan SMP N1 Mesjid Raya sebagai prioritas 5 dengan nilai kinerja alternatif sebesar 6,25. Terhadap sekolah dengan klasifikasi tingkat kerusakan rusak berat agar dapat dilakukan koordinasi intensif dengan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi yang nantinya akan menjadi bahan verifikasi oleh Kementerian PUPR. Untuk pengembangan penelitian lebih lanjut diharapkan melakukan Forum Group Discussion (FGD) agar dapat menemukan kriteria lainnya pada penanganan rehabilitasi renovasi sekolah dan madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 367, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 381, "width": 468, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Aceh Besar. 2021. Buku Kabupaten Aceh Besar dalam angka 2021. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 470, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balai Prasarana Permukiman Wilayah Aceh. 2021. Laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan tahun 2021 . Kementerian PUPR, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 439, "width": 471, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementerian PUPR. 2008. Peraturan menteri pekerjaan umum dan perumahan rakyat nomor 24/PRT/M/2008 tentang pedoman pemeliharaan dan perawatan bangunan gedung . Kementerian PUPR, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 483, "width": 470, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementerian PUPR. 2020. Surat edaran direktur jenderal cipta karya nomor; 47/SE/DC/2020 tentang petunjuk teknis standardisasi desain dan penilaian kerusakan sekolah dan madrasah . Kementerian PUPR, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 527, "width": 471, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyadi, B. 2019. Prosedur penentuan prioritas pemeliharaan gedung sekolah menengah atas negeri di Kabupaten Balangan. Jurnal Teknologi Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Technology Journal). 8(1), pp. 19-23.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 570, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Presiden Republik Indonesia. 2019. Peraturan Presiden (perpres) nomor 43 tahun 2019 tentang pembangunan, rehabilitasi, atau renovasi pasar rakyat, prasarana perguruan tinggi, perguruan tinggi keagamaan islam dan satuan pendidikan dasar dan menengah . Kementerian PUPR, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 629, "width": 470, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rizki, A. M., & Marina, N. 2019. Klasifikasi kerusakan bangunan sekolah menggunakan metode convolutional neural network dengan pre-trained model VGG-16. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi dan Rekayasa. 24 (3), pp. 197-206.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 672, "width": 471, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supriadi, A. 2018. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) teknik penentuan strategi daya saing kerajinan bordir , Deepublish, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "243", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 98, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia Fintech Regulation in", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 113, "width": 330, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Indonesia: A Portrait of Strengthening the Sharia Business", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 128, "width": 62, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ecosystem", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 156, "width": 334, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman 1 , Sugeng 2 , Diana Fitriana 3 , Widya Romasindah Aidy 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 181, "width": 333, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 192, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 203, "width": 220, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "3 Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 224, "width": 220, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4 Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 341, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Submitted: February 03, 2023; Reviewed: September 1, 2023; Accepted: September 21, 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 292, "width": 255, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Article Info Abstract Keywords: economic security, ecosystem, sharia fintech.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 353, "width": 22, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "DOI:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 364, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "10.25041/fiatjustisia.v17no3.2919", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 216, "top": 308, "width": 190, "height": 284, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The existence of sharia fintech will always be homework for the government. As one of the pillars of economic security, the development of sharia fintech still leaves various problems, especially regarding existing regulations. On the other hand, strengthening the sharia fintech business ecosystem in Indonesia provides a lot of homework to be done. This research is classified as normative legal research that applies a statutory approach regarding primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations related to sharia fintech and other financial regulations. This study found that the Islamic economic master plan and the Indonesian Islamic financial architecture master plan do not represent the institutions and regulations for Islamic fintech as a sub-sector of Islamic finance that has the potential to develop further. To strengthen the sharia fintech business ecosystem, regulations from relevant authorities are needed that are in line with industrial needs. Strengthening regulations is expected to create a strong and stable economy and accelerate Islamic finance nationally so that Indonesia can become one of the financial centers in South East Asia Region and the world.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 25, "width": 224, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023: 243- 264. Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 41, "width": 168, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN: 1978-5186 | e-ISSN: 2477-6238. http://jurnal.fh.unila.ac.id/index.php/fiat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "244", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 67, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "A. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 80, "width": 343, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The advancement of industrial technology today is enough to make people inevitably move to the digital paradigm. If previously the community was shaken by the progress of Industry 4.0, then once again, the Indonesian people were shocked by the era of Society 5.0. The Industrial Revolution era 4.0 encourages and pushes the digitalization front. This means that human life will continue to be overshadowed by \"machine\" technology that will fill the entirety of human life. This phenomenon later became a debate among experts on whether such a digitalization model benefits humans or vice versa. In response to this, in recent years, Japan has presented ideas quite attractive to the intellectual power of the wider community with the idea of society 5.0. This idea gave birth to a concept that must humanize humans with technology. That way, humans will coexist with technology by taking advantage of and benefiting from the technology. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 244, "width": 345, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "One aspect of human life that also touches and has an impact on technological progress is the financial and business industry, considering that business is based on people's needs. 2 The world and business are currently experiencing a shift towards digitalization by instrumenting breakthroughs in today's technological advances. Business competition that used to be more on the face-to-face aspect, now the competition is shifting to digital applications that continue to grow from day to day. The banking industry, which has dominated the financial industry, has begun to shift to a new information technology-based transaction model known as fintech (financial technology).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 358, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fintech, a development and new invention in the financial services industry, leverages digital transactions rather than using actual money (cashless). 3 In simple terms, fintech is defined as technological instrumentation that provides solutions in finance and financial intermediation. 4 This fintech service obtained its legality after issuing Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 447, "width": 343, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Similar to banking, fintech is also faced with two implementation models, conventional and sharia. Each model has a different vision and market segmentation. The implementation of sharia fintech must, first and foremost, adhere to Sharia principles (Sharia compliance) and the rules established by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 542, "width": 313, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/revolusi-industri-4.0, accessed on April 15 th , 2021.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 342, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 Luky Nugroho, Wiwiek Utami, and Caturnida Meiwanto Doktor Alina, “Ekosistem Bisnis Wisata Halal Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syariah,” Perisai: Islamic Banking and Finance Journal 3, no. 2 (2019): 92.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "3 Inna Romanova and Marina Kudinska, “Banking and Fintech: A Challenge or Opportunity?,”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 595, "width": 281, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Contemporary Study in Economics and Financial Analysis 98 (2016): 21–35.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4 Dinar Team, Fintech Syariah: Teori Dan Terapan , ed. Safirah Auliya Amirullah, (Surabaya:", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 616, "width": 107, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Scopindo Media, 2020), p. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "245", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 65, "width": 343, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "the appropriate authorities.. 5 The emergence of Sharia fintech in Indonesia is increasingly attracting the attention of many circles after the formation of an association that accommodates sharia fintech in Indonesia called the Indonesian Sharia Fintech Association (AFSI). The existence of AFSI houses no less than seven Sharia fintech operators out of a total of 148 fintech players in Indonesia who are officially registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). 6 The National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulama Council (DSN-MUI) issued the fatwa Number 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 concerning Information Technology-Based Financing Services Based on Sharia Principles, which has strengthened the growth of sharia fintech. A sign that fintech implementation is fully in line with sharia principles and the law's goals (maqasid shari'ah) is the presence of the fatwa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 218, "width": 343, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The fintech sector frequently has a number of legal issues, including sharia fintech. The misuse of clients' personal data is one of these issues, along with incorrect billing. In actuality, this infraction is allegedly being committed by fintech businesses that have registered and received licenses from the OJK. Credit collection by the fintech company RupiahPlus (RP) was one of the examples that surfaced in 2018, and it sparked a public conversation on social media because credit collection was conducted in an obnoxious and frightening way. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 319, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The world's largest Muslim population, which totals 209.1 million, is in Indonesia, accounting for 12.65% of all Muslims worldwide. 8 This circumstance undoubtedly has a significant impact on the growth of Islamic fintech in Indonesia. Sharia fintech, which targets both Muslims and non- Muslims, is growing at an exponential rate throughout its journey. According to experts, the national economy is advanced by the Islamic financial sector. In order to foster economic progress, the government continues to promote Islamic finance in all spheres. Fintech development will result in a digital- based ecosystem that maps, enlarges, and monetizes the digital footprint, but the prospects and progress of sharia fintech, which are expanding daily, have been changed into a commercial ecosystem. 9 Therefore, this will undoubtedly draw substantial interest from some quarters. They believe, with good cause,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 491, "width": 342, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "5 Paolo Piettro Bianconee, Silviana Secinaro, and Mohammad Kamal, “Crowdfunding and Fintech : Business Model Sharia Compliant,” EJIF: Europen Journal of Islamics Finance", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 512, "width": 87, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "12, no. 1 (2019): 1–10.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 521, "width": 343, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "6 Nafiah, Rohmatun, and Ahmad Faih. \"Analisis Transaksi Financial Technology (Fintech) Syariah dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah.\" IQTISHADIA Jurnal Ekonomi & Perbankan Syariah 6, no. 2 (2019): p.170.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 342, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "7 Mohamad Januar Rizky, Ragam, Masalah. Hukum Fintech yang Jadi Sorotan di 2018, https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt5c1c9d0759592/ragam-masalah-hukum- fintech-yang-jadi-sorotan-di-2018/, accessed on June 4 th , 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "8 Nugroho, et.all, Op. Cit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 342, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "9 Daniella Gabor and Sally Brooks, “The Digital Revolution in Financial Inclusion: International Development in the Fintech Era,” New Politic Economy 22, no. 4 (2017): 423-", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 616, "width": 18, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "436.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "246", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 67, "width": 343, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "that the movement of sharia-compliant fintech must be closely watched by the appropriate authorities in order to raise the value of sharia compliance in sharia business entities. This demonstrates the value of creating a sharia business environment to advance the real sector and sharia financing that actually adheres to sharia principles. This is also intended so that the competition that arises does not create disputes and problems in the future, especially when the Islamic finance industry becomes the new prima donna for entrepreneurs in the field of Islamic financial services. 10 Sharia fintech that grows and develops must be able to provide positive stimulus and energy for national economic growth. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 194, "width": 343, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Human Security Studies is a complex problem to measure and observe. In the non-traditional security paradigm, the security dimension develops dynamically in line with the emergence of challenges faced by society, which although differ from one country to another, show interrelated tendencies. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 244, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Referring to the study of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 1994, the dimension of human security must be understood in a broader dimension and is directly related to the welfare of mankind. 13 Anything that threatens the existence of people's lives becomes an issue of security studies, both from the economic, political, energy, environmental, and other aspects. This expansion of the threat dimension makes it different from the traditional security paradigm, which limits the study only to the issue of territorial sovereignty from the threat of aggression from other countries.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 345, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Among specialists, who are at least split into three main groups, namely the UNDP Perspective, Canada Perspective, and Asia/Japan Perspective, the extent to which the security dimension is extended to non-traditional paradigms is still a contentious topic of discussion. According to the UNDP perspective, there are seven different categories of human security: political security, economic security, food security, health security, and environmental security 14 . The broad scope of the security review highlighted by UNDP has", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 449, "width": 342, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "10 Ben Jedidia and Guerbouj, \"Effects of zakat on the economic growth in selected Islamic countries: empirical evidence\", International Journal of Development Issues 20, No. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 471, "width": 61, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "(2021), 126-142", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "11 Barata, A. Strengthening the National Economic Growth and Equitable Income Through", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 491, "width": 332, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sharia Digital Economic in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 502, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "5, No. 1 (2019), 145-168.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 343, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "12 Heath, J. Benton, “The New National Security Challenge to the Economic Order.” Yale Law Journal 1020 (2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 342, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "13 The United Nations Developmant Program (UNDP) is a multilateral development program organization operating under the aegis of the UN that carries out research and provides technical development assistance, particularly for developing nations that are UN members. The Institute releases a free annual report on the Human Development Index, which gauges the average level of development achieved globally. See UNDP, Human Development Report 2020, The next frontier Human development and the Anthropocene, (New York, UNDP, 2020), p. ix.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "14 UNDP, Human Development Report 1994, (New York, Oxford University Press, 1994), pp.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 616, "width": 26, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "23-24.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "led to criticism and support. In Canada Perspective's view, UNDP's formulation of human security is considered too broad, because it is associated with negative development outcomes. Canadian ideology is more focused on the impact of conflict and social violence on society, additionally to international humanitarian law and children's participation in armed war 15 . Meanwhile, Asia and Japan Perspective, are more supportive of the UNDP concept. This group agrees that human security is not only limited to social impacts due to conflict and violations, but also touches on various aspects that pose a threat to humans to live with dignity. 16 With this human security landscape, this study uses an approach developed by UNDP, which places economic security as one of the central issues, as shown in table 1 on Types of Security in Human Security. 17 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 231, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Table 1. Security Types in UNDP Human Security", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 244, "width": 327, "height": 265, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Security Type Definition Threat Economic Security Guaranteed minimum income Poverty, unemployment, debt, no income Food Security Access to the availability of staple food Hunger, limited access to food availability Health Security Protection from disease and unhealthy lifestyle Unaffordable health services, pandemics, unhealthy lifestyles Environmental Security Good and healthy living environment Environmental degradation, natural disasters, air and water pollution, depletion of natural resources. Personal Security Security from physical violence Physical violence and torture, tensions between communities, traffic accidents, high crime rates from physical violence", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 343, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "15 Edy Prasetyono, et.al., Indeks Keamanan Manusia Tahun 2013 , (Jakarta Bapenas, 2013) pp. 1-20.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 343, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "16 Akimova, L, Akimova, O, Mihus, I., Koval, Y, & Dmitrenko, V. “Improvement of The Methodelogical Approach to Asessing the Impact of Public Governance on Ensuring The Economics Security of The State. Finance and Credit Activity: Problems of Theory and Practice , 4 no. 35 (2020), pp. 180-190", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 345, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "17 United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security, Human Security in Theory and Practice: Application of the Human Security Concept and the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security, (New York: UNDP, 2006), p. 16.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "248", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 67, "width": 327, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Community Security Security as a member of the community Oppression, inter- ethnic violence, tyranny of the dominant group Political Security Guaranteed protection of Human Rights Political or state oppression, including torture, disappearances and human rights, violations, detention and prison without a fair and open trial.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 220, "width": 343, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "From the description in the table 1, actually the seven types of human security rest on three main goals, namely freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom to live in dignity. These three things are a reflection of the challenges facing mankind in this new century. Multidimensional challenges require responses and commitments from government, business, civil society, and cross-country partnerships.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 296, "width": 343, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "In Indonesia, the government's responsibility to guarantee citizens' welfare is in a key position. In this case, the role of multi-stakeholder cooperation is needed to strengthen government capacity. In all types, the human security approach has at least five basic principles, namely: a) citizen- centered, b) comprehensive, c) contextual, d) prevention-oriented, and e) protection and empowerment. 18 The security approach is citizen-centered because it considers survival with dignity, especially for the most vulnerable groups of people. In terms of time and place, the challenges faced by each community vary. Therefore, contextual approaches and policies are needed, based on the capacity of stakeholders and the root causes of problems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 423, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "In the type of economic security, the biggest threat facing them is the high poverty rate which is directly correlated with the low quality of people's lives, and is related to other types of security, such as health and food. Poverty is the cause of limited public access to food and health services. As a central issue, economic security is a priority in a modern security approach and cannot be separated from various sectors, such as energy, transportation, communications, even defense and national security.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 343, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "This research falls within the category of normative legal research. In practice, this research combines a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. In this study, secondary data sources were used, namely research data produced from library research that included primary legal documents,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 343, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "18 United Nation Trust Funds for Human Security, Human’s Security Handbook: An Integrated Approaches for the Realization of the Sustainable Development Goal and the Priority Area of the International Community and the United Nation System (New York: UNDP, 2016) pp. 7-8.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The search for legal materials was carried out by means of library research which was then explained descriptively analytically using an economic security approach as the theoretical basis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 343, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Based on the description of the background above, The novelty of this research is that the researcher sees that the study of sharia fintech as part of the sharia business ecosystem is significant enough to be studied. This study seeks to determine the significant role that Indonesia's sharia fintech regulatory structure has played in forming that country's sharia business ecosystem. Furthermore, this research will elaborate on the pattern of regulation and supervision of Islamic fintech as an alternative Islamic financial institution in Indonesia from the perspective of economic security so that it is expected to be able to grow an inclusive economy which is an important part of economic security.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 256, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "B. Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1. Sharia Fintech in Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Financial technology is known as fintech in Indonesian. Fintech, to put it simply, is the application of information technology advancements to enhance financial services. 19 Fintech is described as \"innovation in financial services\" or \"innovation in financial services\" combined with an inventive touch based on technology, according to The National Digital Research Center (NDRC) situated in Dublin, Ireland. 20 Kelvin Leong further limits the notion of fintech into three variables, namely finance, technology management and innovation management. 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 382, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fintech, according to the World Bank, is an industry made up of businesses that employ technology to improve the effectiveness of financial institutions and the provision of financial services. 22 Fintech is defined by Bank Indonesia as the use of technology in the financial system that results in new products, services, technologies, and/or business models and can have an effect on monetary stability and system stability in BI Regulation Number 19/12/PBI/2017 concerning the Implementation of Financial Technology. Finance and/or the system's efficiency, smoothness, security, and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 342, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "19 Sarwin Napitupulu, et. al, Kajian. Perlindungan Konsumen Sektor Jasa Keuangan: Perlindungan Konsumen Pada Fintech, (Jakarta; Departemen Perlindungan Konsumen OJK, 2017) pp. 8.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 542, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "20 Dinar, Fintech Syariah: Teori Dan Terapan, p. 2.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 343, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "21 In full, Leong defines fintech as follows:: “a cross-disciplinary subject that combines financial, technology management and inovation management”. See Kelvin Leong, “FinTech (Financial Technology): What Is It and How to Use Technologies to Create Business Value in Fintech Way?,” International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology 9, no.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 595, "width": 61, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 (2018): 74-78.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "22 Ihda A. Faiz, Fintech Syariah dan Bisnis Digital, (Bantul; Media Rakyat Nusntara, 2020), p.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 616, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "27.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "250", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dependability. 23 OJK, meanwhile, refers to fintech as \"digital financial innovation\" (IKD) with the understanding of modernizing business procedures, business models, and financial instruments that contribute to new added value in the financial services industry. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 118, "width": 343, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The whole understanding above describes the scope of fintech which indeed makes the financial and financial sector as the main business (core business) with a model of using financial instruments to get a margin or profit. If it is associated with sharia, the fintech concept above will be limited by the provisions of Islamic sharia principles. According to Mukhlisin, as quoted by Yarli, the term \"sharia fintech\" refers to a collection of financial industry developments that enable various financial transactions and sharia-compliant technology-based investments. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Technological advances and the demands of the times must really be addressed wisely and appropriately, especially in terms of financial transactions. 26 As a country with a Muslim majority population, Indonesia must be able to harmonize these demands with sharia principles in every way. Therefore, the latest technological advances must be able to be integrated with sharia values in the mu'amalah process in everyday life, including in financial transactions through fintech instruments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 307, "width": 343, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Current technological developments and advancements have influenced the pattern of development of the financial industry. 27 Several financial industries and markets have begun to shift from conventional transactions to digital models, including fintech. The emergence of fintech in Indonesia began to be seen in 2015 and continued to grow massively in 2016. Since then, fintech has become one of the alternative transaction models in society, considering the efficiency and ease of transactions offered by fintech. Some of the developing fintech models in Indonesia include payments, loans, retail investment, crowdfunding, remittances, and others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 343, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Following the growth of traditional fintech, Islamic fintech is developing in Indonesia. According to a study issued by OJK, 121 registered/licensed fintech lending enterprises as of July 2021. 53 registered corporations and 68 licensed companies are present. 111 of the 121 enterprises are traditional businesses, and 10 are Islamic businesses. According to OJK information, as", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 521, "width": 342, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "23 Bank of Indonesia, “BI Regulation Number 19/12/PBI/2017 concerning the Implementation of Financial Technology” (2017) Article 1 paragraph (1).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 542, "width": 342, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "24 Republic of Indonesia, “OJK Regulation Number 13/POJK.02/2018 Concerning Digital Financial Innovation in the Financial Services Sector” (2018) Article 1, paragraph (1).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 342, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "25 Dodi Yarli, “Analisis Akad Tijarah Pada Transaksi Fintech Syariah Dengan Pendekatan Maqhasid,” YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "26 Douglass W. Arner, Janos Nathan Barberish, and Ross PBuckley, “The Evolution of Fintech:", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 595, "width": 235, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "A New Post-Crisis Paradigm?,” SSRN Electronic Journal , 2015.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 342, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "27 K. Nam, Z. Lee, and B.G. Lee, “How Internet Has Reshaped the User Experience of Banking Service?,” KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems 10, no. 2 (2016): 684-702.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "251", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "of May 2021 there were 8,728,197 lender accounts. Meanwhile, for borrowers (borrowers) as a whole, there were 38,700,815 accounts. 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 104, "width": 339, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2. Setting National Regulations to Ensure the Sustainability of Sharia Fintech in Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 343, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The use of information and communication technology (ICT) or information communication technology (ICT) in society is consistent with the digital economy. Data from the RPJMN IV 2020–2024 whitepaper provide ICT penetration rates that indicate the future growth of Indonesia's digital economy. Approximately 492 regencies and cities, or 95.7% of all the regencies and cities in Indonesia, were covered by the 4G network as of 2019. Indonesia had 212.3 million internet users as of March 2021, or roughly 76.8% of the country's total population. The large user base of the internet is the foundation of the digital economy, and Indonesia's population has been growing at a rate of about 1.25 percent annually over the past 10 years.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 256, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Given the widespread use of technology, new legal events and actions have developed in various fields of life. In the business sector, electronic commerce (e-commerce) is developing, for example the application of ICT to support the business activities of a business entity. According to Navid Nikakthar, e-commerce is a new way for companies or individuals to conduct business activities through ICT. The development of e-commerce in Indonesia is one of the fastest in the world, as shown in Figure 1 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 357, "width": 275, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Figure 1. Graph of E-Commerce Growth in Indonesia in 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 343, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Based on Figure 1, Indonesia's e-commerce growth is at the forefront of the nine other countries surveyed, recording a growth of 78% in 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 615, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "28 www.ojk.go.id, accessed on 30 July 2021.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "252", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 67, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Marketplace customers in Indonesia spend an average of around IDR 3.19 million per person, part of the expenditure for flight tickets, booking hotel rooms, shopping for clothes, or buying various health and beauty products 29 . In line with this, Google and Temasek's 2018 research presented encouraging findings. In 2017, Indonesia had 30 million online shoppers through various platforms. By 2025, the digital economy has the potential to open around 3.5 million new job opportunities 30 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "In general, the penetration of information technology provides stimulation to all industrial sectors. The impressive development is shown by 4 sectors, namely the financial sector, tourism, creative economy, and agriculture. Of all these sectors, finance is one of the most dynamic growing sectors. People have long enjoyed mobile banking (m-banking) or internet banking (i-banking) services for banking, one of the major financial sub-sectors. In addition, the growth of the financial sector is marked by the emergence of various digital applications that are connected to the payment system. The fintech sector that is emerging in Indonesia is highly varied, including payment services, funding, insurance, and lending in addition to banking services. The use of ICT has drastically changed the financial business ecosystem, both business models, industry structures, to promotion and marketing to consumers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 307, "width": 343, "height": 175, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The development of the fintech business ecosystem remains sustainable, requires infrastructure support, quality and quantity of human resources (HR), community literacy and preferences, product and service innovation, and responsive regulations. For the conventional fintech industry, a number of regulations and policies have been issued by a number of related institutions, including the central government, BI, Ministry of Home Affairs, and OJK. However, from a practical point of view, there are still many problems and challenges, especially in terms of consumer protection and fintech business actors, due to the emergence of illegal fintech businesses outside the supervision of associations and OJK. OJK's efforts to publish official fintech companies that have operational permits on a regular basis have not been enough to close the gap so that fake fintech business practices continue to emerge. This condition is not only detrimental to the service user community, but also disrupts the fintech business ecosystem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 484, "width": 343, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The results of Yan Andriariza and Lidya Agustina's study on the characteristics of the traditional and digital financial sector can help to understand the regulations that need to be prepared, not only for conventional fintech business models, but also for Islamic fintech, which receive less attention from the regulatory and supervisory side. In contrast to the traditional financial industry (such as banking, insurance, pawnshops) which have", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "29 https://merchantmachine.co.uk/saturated-sectors/, accessed on August 15 th , 2021.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 342, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "30 Y.A.A. Sukma, Perkembangan Ekonomi Digital di Indonesia Strategi dan Sektor Potensial (Jakarta; Centre for Research and Developments of Informatics and Informations and Public Communications Applications Research and Development Agency for Human Resources Ministry of Communications and Informatic, 2019), p. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "253", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "established regulations and institutions, the digital finance industry is relatively new. 31 Fintech was born from the needs of people who need financial services that are practical, easy, comfortable and affordable, along with the emergence of disruptive innovations for existing financial services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 129, "width": 339, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "3. Strengthening the Sharia Financial Landscape and Sharia Fintech Regulations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 153, "width": 339, "height": 100, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Islamic economy has the opportunity to experience growth in the future. 32 This optimism is supported by a number of studies and reports on rising halal lifestyles and spending on halal food and beverages every year. Spending on halal food businesses, Islamic finance, halal travel, modest clothing, halal media and entertainment, halal pharmaceutical, and halal cosmetics is estimated to continue growing in 2023 with the support of a global Muslim population of 1.8 billion, whose expenditures reached USD 2.1 trillion in 2017, according to estimates. 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 256, "width": 340, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Improving people's welfare is the main goal of Indonesia's national development. In sharia economics, welfare is not sufficiently measured based on conventional indicators, but must also use an Islamic sharia approach (Maqasid Sharia). 34 In the conventional perspective, welfare is measured through indicators that tend to be material, such as income, expenditure, consumption patterns, housing, or poverty. Whereas in the sharia perspective, welfare is measured through a more holistic concept, which places it as a person with inner and outer dignity. 35 According to Abdul Majid Najjar, who was cited by Evi Mutia and Nastha Musrifah, the idea of maqashid shariah encompasses a number of things, including: a) securing the value of human", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 408, "width": 342, "height": 50, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "31 According to C. M. Christensen and J. Bower, in business theory, disruptive innovation is an innovation that opens up new market and network opportunities, which in turn displaces established companies, products, services, and alliances of market leaders. See C. M. Christensen and J. Bower “Dsiruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave”, https://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation., accessed onAug 17 th , 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 343, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "32 Muryanto, Y.T., Kharisma, D.B. and Nugraheni, A.S.C., \"Prospects and challenges of Islamic fintech in Indonesia: a legal viewpoint\", International Journal of Law and Management 64,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 481, "width": 86, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "no. 2, (2022), 239-252.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 491, "width": 343, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "33 Dubai International Finance Center, A n Inclusives Ethical Economy: State of The Global Islamics Economy Report 2018-2019 (Dubai; Dubai International Financeal Center, 2018), p. 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 521, "width": 343, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "34 Maqashid shariah is a compound word that combines the words maqashid and shariah. Maqashid, which meaning goal, is the word's plural form. The definition of sharia is everything that has been applied and explained by Allah to His servants related to legal issues. Evi Mutia and Nastha Musfirah, “Maqashid Shariah Index Approach as a Measurement of Sharia Banking Performance in Southeast Asia (Maqashid Sharia Index Approach as Performance Measurement of Sharia Banking in Southeast Asia)”, Indonesian Journal of Accounting and Finance , 14 no. 2, December 2017, pp. 181-201.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 342, "height": 30, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "35 Rabbani, M.R., Khan, S, and Talassinos, E. I. “Fintech, blockchain and Islamic finance: an extensive literature review” International Journal of Economics and Business Administration 8, no. 2, (2020), p. 65-86.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "254", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 67, "width": 339, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "life; b) securing the human self; c) securing the community; and d) securing the environment 36 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 92, "width": 340, "height": 99, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The two approaches in measuring welfare do not need to be contradicted, but need to be combined in order to complement each other. Regardless of the type of approach used, to build a healthy and sustainable business climate, the sharia fintech industry needs infrastructure support, a strong investor base, and consumers. In accordance with the reference to the 2019-2024 Indonesian Islamic Economics Masterplan, there are at least six strategies to facilitate access and financing from banking institutions, non-banks, and ease of investment, including:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 194, "width": 325, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a) Creation of schemes and financing institutions in creative industry centers;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 219, "width": 325, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b) Giving priority to financing for MSMEs and creative industries that are feasible, but not yet bankable;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 244, "width": 326, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "c) Increasing the capacity of business management and business administration;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 269, "width": 322, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "d) Provision of facilities to facilitate the acquisition of working capital;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 282, "width": 325, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "e) Provision of foster father financing schemes from large industries/investors with mutually beneficial cooperation; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 307, "width": 238, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "f) Increasing collaboration through sharia financing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 74, "top": 320, "width": 340, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Through these six strategies, the market share of Islamic finance can be increased from year to year. Based on OJK data in 2021, the market share of Islamic finance is still 9.96% for both banking and non-bank institutions. This value is expected to grow by around 20% by 2024, so that the Islamic finance industry can compete not only with conventional financial institutions in the country, but also with financial institutions from other countries.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 396, "width": 340, "height": 98, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The national halal industry which includes food, fashion, pharmaceuticals, and tourism is a value chain that is interrelated with sharia economy and finance. 37 The positive developments in the value chain of the halal industry are the basis for the development of consumers and investors in sharia fintech. In line with that, the digitization of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) also provides multiple benefits for business actors, as well as the surrounding community, because each MSME unit has the potential to open up new job opportunities. 38", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 497, "width": 340, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The investor and consumer base in a financial industry needs infrastructure and regulatory support. In contrast to the capital market and Islamic banking, which already have support in the form of fatwas, regulations, and reliable", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "36 Ibid.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "37 Calder, R.. Halalization: Religious Products Certification in Secular Market. Sociological", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 585, "width": 136, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Theory 38, no. 4, (2020), p. 334-361.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 342, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "38 Glavina, Sofya, Irina Aidrus, and Anna Trusova.. \"Assessment of the Competitiveness of Islamic Fintech Implementation: A Composite Indicator for Cross-Country Analysis\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 616, "width": 257, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 12, (2021): p. 602.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "255", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 66, "width": 339, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "institutional governance, sharia fintech still lacks support, both from MUI, OJK, and BI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 104, "width": 323, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Figure 2. Slices of Sharia Economic Industry, Conventional Fintech, and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 117, "width": 67, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sharia Fintech", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 343, "height": 161, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Figure 2 above shows the Islamic fintech industry is in two ecosystems of Islamic economics and conventional fintech. Although the Islamic economy in the conventional financial and fintech sectors is supported by adequate institutions and regulations, the Islamic economic master plan and the Indonesian Islamic financial architecture master plan do not display the institutions and regulations for Islamic fintech as a sub-sector of Islamic finance that has the potential to develop. As happened in the Islamic finance industry, Islamic fintech also faces the same, if not bigger, obstacles. The obstacles faced by Islamic fintech include: a) lack of government support for the industry; b) lack of awareness among the public and business actors; c) low human resources (HR); d) lack of capital and investors; e) lack of institutional and regulatory support; and f) weak personal data protection arrangements. 39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 433, "width": 343, "height": 61, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "To strengthen the sharia fintech business ecosystem, it is time for MUI, OJK, and BI to issue regulations that are in accordance with the needs of the industry, whose market players include banking institutions, non-banking, capital markets and money markets, as well as religious social funds. At least the three institutions need to issue the following regulations:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 496, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a) Protection for sharia fintech consumers;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 509, "width": 325, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b) Information system security and responsibilities of information system operators;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 534, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "c) Prevention of illegal sharia fintech;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 547, "width": 137, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "d) Sharia fintech legal entity;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 559, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "e) Protection for investors;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 572, "width": 224, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "f) Capital adequacy of sharia fintech companies;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 342, "height": 470, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "39 Savirani, A.. Post-Election Politic in Indonesia: Between Economics Growths and Increase Islamic Conservatism. Southeast Asian Affairs (2020), p. 137-154. Sharia Economic Conventional Fintech Sharia Fintech", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "256", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 67, "width": 214, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "g) Islamic financial literacy and sharia fintech;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 80, "width": 271, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "h) Strengthening the association of sharia fintech operators;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 92, "width": 325, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "i) Coordination between financial institutions related to the protection of personal data and data centers;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 118, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "j) Setting the principle of knowing the customer;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 130, "width": 167, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "k) Regulation on credit scoring; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 143, "width": 272, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "l) Strengthening supervisory and law enforcement agencies", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 343, "height": 85, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "For industry sustainability, fintech organizing associations also need to create a code of ethics that serves as a guide for association members to carry out responsible business practices, in accordance with sharia principles, good corporate governance, as well as regulations issued by relevant authorities. authorized. Strengthening laws is anticipated to hasten the development of Islamic finance on a national level, enabling Indonesia to rank among the financial hubs of the ASEAN area and the rest of the globe 40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 244, "width": 343, "height": 86, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "As a contemporary state of law (Rechstaat), Indonesia's regulation serves to both formalize the values and social norms that predominate there and to guide people's lives in the direction of the desired ideals. In reality, the creation of regulations is primarily meant to give guidance for the achievement of national development objectives. Making changes to various policies and regulations in the economic and monetary sectors is necessary to achieve a robust and stable economy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 345, "width": 339, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4. Economic Security in Sharia Business Ecosystem Stability and Fintech", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 371, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "National economic stability and growth are the main components in strengthening national security, both in traditional and non-traditional paradigms. In the type of economic security, the biggest threat facing them is the high poverty rate which is directly correlated with the low quality of people's lives, and is related to other types of security, such as health and food. Poverty is the cause of limited public access to food and health services. As a central issue, economic security is a priority in a modern security approach and cannot be separated from various sectors, such as energy, transportation, communications, and even national defense and security. In order to realize these ideals, each country strives to build a strong, productive, and competitive economic foundation to create a solid and sustainable economy. Economic growth will be reflected in the growth in the production of goods and services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 522, "width": 343, "height": 61, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "National economic stability and growth are the main components in strengthening national security, both in traditional and non-traditional paradigms. Each country strives to build a strong, productive, and competitive economic foundation to create a solid and sustainable economy. Economic growth is the process of expanding an economy's capacity for output, which", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 342, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "40 Agustiningsih, Savitrah, and Lestari,. “Indonesian young consumers’ intention to donate using sharia fintech” Asian Journal of Islamic Management AJIM, (2021), p. 34-44.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "257", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 48, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "shows up as an increase in national income. The rise in capital, population expansion, and technological advancement are the three basic variables that contribute to economic growth, which is reflected in the growth in the production of products and services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 343, "height": 136, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic security is the development of a non-traditional security paradigm, which focuses on the welfare of individuals and society (people oriented). This new paradigm is thought to be more suited to address today's complex difficulties and threats, as well as the growth of information technology and international relations. The competitiveness of a country is not only determined by military strength and the main tools of a modern weapons system, but also by sustainable economic growth, a healthy business climate, high national income, and the availability of inclusive financial services. Through the right regulatory framework, Islamic fintech can strengthen a strong financial sector business ecosystem and expand financial services for small and medium business groups.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 256, "width": 343, "height": 124, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "With the assistance of the 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, the Islamic finance industry is a financial sector that is impressively expanding on a global scale. The under-34 demographic, which comprises 50% of all Muslims worldwide, is the driving force behind Islamic fintech. With a high penetration of smartphones and internet access, this young generation is well-versed in information technology. Creating sharia fintech services such as zakat (obligatory donation), sodaqoh (voluntary charity), and waqf (Islamic endowments) are alternatives to funding. This service accumulated up to $1 trillion in zakat funds in 2018, which can be utilized for initiatives to fight poverty 41 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 382, "width": 343, "height": 162, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "According to the Global Islamic Fintech (GIFT) 2021 report, the largest countries by expected transaction volume are Saudi Arabia, Iran, the UAE, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Meanwhile, the GIFT research identifies Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, and the United Kingdom as the five nations with the strongest fintech ecosystems out of the 64 nations it studied. 42 The survey uses a number of indicators to assess the viability of the sharia fintech business ecosystem, including: a) regulation; b) adherence to Shariah; c) access for foreign fintech; d) proximity to customers; e) talent; f) capital; and g) bank participation. All of these indicators are positively correlated to the strength and sustainability of the sharia fintech business in a country. For example, the higher the participation of banking institutions (bank participation), the greater the potential for Islamic fintech to develop. Likewise, the industry's ability to understand consumer needs (proximity to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "41 World’s Bank Group, Leveraging Islamics Fintech to Improve Financials Inclusions ,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 79, "top": 595, "width": 169, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "(Malaysia; World’s Bank Group, 2020), p. 11.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 342, "height": 20, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "42 T. Ahmad and A.H. Basit, Global Islamics Fintech Report Year 2021 , (Dubai; Dinar Standar2021), p. 5.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "258", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 67, "width": 343, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "customer). The higher this indicator, the more sustainable the sharia fintech business will be.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 343, "height": 137, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Based on Dinar Standard data, there are currently 93 Islamic fintech companies that are dominant in financing services, followed by wealth management and funding. P2P financing services are provided by 65 companies. The diverse needs of the community for fintech services cause the fintech business model to also differ in each country. In general, the P2P platform is the most common sharia fintech service developed in various countries. Meanwhile, sharia fintech services with low transaction volume are insurance. An interesting phenomenon is that fintech companies in the ASEAN region shift the focus of their services from individual customers to MSME units, which are expected to accelerate the growth of the national economy. 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 343, "height": 162, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "For the Indonesian context, although the penetration of digital technology is quite broad, financial inclusion is still relatively limited. The ADBI Institute study shows that the ratio of Automated Teller Machines (ATM) is only 1 ATM per 2000 people, and the ownership of credit cards and credit cards is low. From an optimistic perspective, this condition also presents an opportunity for sharia fintech to grow bigger. In the last five years, fintech companies, both conventional and sharia, have continued to emerge. Periodically, OJK releases a list of fintech companies that have operational permits on its official website. As of August 2021, there are 116 fintech companies that have operational permits, 10 of which are sharia fintech companies. Most of these fintech companies provide digital lending services with a portion of up to 55%, crowdfunding (24%), and digital payments (21%). 44 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 343, "height": 111, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Meanwhile, the sharia fintech ecosystem can be represented by the Indonesian Sharia Fintech Association, which is the association for sharia fintech organizers. For the sake of the community, this association was founded in 2017 with the goal of advancing financial technology innovation and the sharia economy. Sharia fintech businesses should be able to create business models that are pertinent to community needs, especially for profitable business units. Islamic fintech thus develops into an alternative financial institution for MSMEs that complies with Islamic financing and sound corporate governance norms. Through the developed business model,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 342, "height": 71, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "43 M. Soriano, et. al., The ASEAN Fintech Ecosystems Benchmarking Studies , (Cambridge: ADBI Institut, 2019), p. 11. The most common business model, or over 60% of those polled, is digital lending services. Most emerging and emerging nations have seen the growth of digital payments and digital loans as the two primary fintech business models. This phenomena is mostly due to the fact that these goods are the most prevalent in daily life, payments provide the basis for a wide range of financial products, and loans are one of the simplest financial products to comprehend.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 342, "height": 20, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "44 M. Soriano, et. al., The Asean Fintech Ecosystems Benchmarking Studies , (Cambridge: ADBI Institut, 2019), p. 37.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "259", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 23, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "sharia fintech services generally do not contain usury, gharar (fraud), mudharat (negative impact), and avoid jahalah (non-transparent).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 104, "width": 339, "height": 23, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "5. The Function of Sharia Fintech in Strengthening Economic Security and Financing MSMEs", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 343, "height": 137, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "As described in the previous section, economic security has a close and mutually influencing relationship to economic stability and the sustainability of the business ecosystem in all industrial sectors, including the financial sector. Sharia fintech as one of the relatively new financial sub-sectors, requires support for national economic security stability. On the other hand, a strong and sustainable sharia fintech business ecosystem can strengthen financial stability and the national economy. The master plan for the Islamic finance architecture details the main indicators of strong Islamic finance, namely: a) the size of the Islamic finance industry; b) market share; c) the level of industrial profits d) the stability of the Islamic finance sub-sector; e) Islamic financial literacy level; and f) Customer satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 343, "height": 123, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The landscape of the Islamic fintech industry (Islamic Fintech) is expanding quickly alongside the global acceleration of digital change. Payments (payments), loans (peer to peer lending), capital markets (capital market), and alternative financing (alternative finance) are all examples of sharia fintech services. Micro, small, and medium-sized firms (MSMEs) must be supported by sharia fintech services in the context of Indonesia as a developing nation. This industry plays a crucial role in ensuring that people's needs are met through commerce and economic activity. Figure 3 below provides an illustration of the connection between sharia fintech, MSME development, and economic security.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 420, "width": 305, "height": 23, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Figure 3. Relationship of Islamic Fintech, MSME Development, and Economic Security.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 547, "width": 343, "height": 73, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Figure 3 above shows the role of the fintech industry which is expected to stimulate the development of MSMEs, as the main pillar of economic security. The strategic role of MSMEs in economic development cannot be denied given the number of which reaches 64 million business units, equivalent to 99.9% of all businesses in Indonesia. The contribution of MSMEs to the economy is also large. Data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 485, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fintech Syariah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 475, "width": 138, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "MSME Economic Security", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 28, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Economic Security and Sharia..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 278, "top": 28, "width": 137, "height": 20, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adi Nur Rohman, Sugeng, Diana Fitriana, Widya Romasindah Aidy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "260", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 67, "width": 343, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "states that MSMEs contribute more than 61% of GDP, and are able to absorb 97% of the total workforce, with an accumulation of up to 60% of total national investment. 45", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 105, "width": 343, "height": 61, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "In some countries, MSMEs are called Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) or Microbusiness, by determining criteria based on assets and the number of people employed in each business unit. In Indonesia, MSMEs need to get special protection from the government, at least for a number of important things, namely: 46", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 168, "width": 221, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "a) The large number of MSME business actors;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 181, "width": 312, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "b) There are weaknesses or shortcomings of SMEs when entering the free market competition system. Even though MSMEs are the hope of society;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 219, "width": 278, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "c) The low reach of the market to sell the products produced;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 231, "width": 264, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "d) Lack of support for MSMEs in the form of regulations;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 244, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "e) Limited capacity of human resources to manage the business;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 257, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "f) Insufficient adequacy of input and technology goods; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 269, "width": 130, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "g) Limited working capital.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 282, "width": 343, "height": 111, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sharia fintech is an alternative financial institution that can fill the limited access of MSMEs to formal financial institutions like the capital market and banking, along with other alternative financial institutions like cooperatives, rural banks, and regional microfinance institutions. Strong alternative financial institutions can contribute to a more equitable capital distribution in the country's economy. Economic security is largely dependent on inclusive economic growth. The National Sharia Council published fatwa No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 about Information Technology-Based Financing Services Based on Sharia Principles in order to achieve this purpose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 409, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "C. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Infrastructure support, quality and quantity of human resources (HR), community knowledge and preferences, product and service innovation, and responsive legislation are all necessary for the development of the fintech business ecosystem to remain sustainable. Through the creation of laws, rules, and institutions that are relevant, the national sharia economy has been supported in terms of regulation by an acceptable legal and institutional framework. This is regrettably not the case with Islamic fintech, which still requires significant development in terms of rules and operational methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 522, "width": 343, "height": 36, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "In the study of economic security, economic security has a close relationship and influences each other on economic stability and the sustainability of the business ecosystem in all industrial sectors, including the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 332, "height": 19, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "45 https://www.kemenkopukm.go.id/uploads/laporan/1617162002_SANDINGAN_DATA_U MKM_2018-2019.pdf, accessed on 29 August 2021.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 343, "height": 20, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "46 Mukti Fajar,,UMKM di Indonesia;; Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi (Yogyakarta;Pustaka Pelajar, 2015), p. 123.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 357, "top": 30, "width": 54, "height": 7, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ISSN 1978-5186", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Volume 17 Number 3, July 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 399, "top": 626, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "261", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 66, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "financial sector. Sharia fintech as one of the relatively new financial sub- sectors, requires support for national economic security stability. The national economy and financial stability can both be improved by a robust and durable sharia fintech company environment. The primary tenet of economic security is MSMEs, and it is anticipated that the sharia fintech sector will encourage their growth. Economic security requires inclusive economic growth in order for nations with robust economies to compete on a regional and international scale.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 180, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "D. Suggestion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 193, "width": 343, "height": 97, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "The presence of sharia fintech should be positioned as an alternative offer for the community, especially MSMEs in reaching formal financial institutions. However, the strengthening of sharia fintech from a regulatory perspective deserves a special place so that it can be given special attention from the regulator. To prevent the occurrence of law smuggling and law violations from interested parties, the supervision function must also continue to be maximized.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 295, "width": 343, "height": 97, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "MUI, OJK, and BI should adopt laws that are in line with the requirements of the industry, whose market participants include banking institutions, non- banking, capital markets, money markets, as well as religious social funds, in order to build the sharia fintech business ecosystem. With the right regulatory framework for such sharia fintech, it will be able to strengthen a strong financial sector business ecosystem and expand financial services for small and medium business groups.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 422, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 447, "width": 338, "height": 23, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ahmad, Tayyab and Abdul Haseeb Basit, 2021. Global Islamic Fintech Report 2021 , Dubai, Dinar Standar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 478, "width": 339, "height": 36, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Agustiningsih, M. D., Savitrah, R. M., & Lestari, P. C. A. (2021). Indonesian young consumers’ intention to donate using Sharia fintech. 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[ { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 232", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 75, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Pembelajaran Era New Normal Terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran dan Tingkat Pemahaman IPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 216, "top": 119, "width": 164, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isnaini Mauludinia 1* , Saiful Amin 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 144, "width": 401, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2 Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang (Diterima 23-04-2022; Disetujui 30-05-2022) E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 194, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 454, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The education system in Indonesia is experiencing new challenges caused by the Covid-19 pandemic that has entered Indonesia since 2020. This causes Indonesia to enter a new normal era. The new normal era learning process which is carried out directly in the classroom is different from face-to-face learning before the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the effect of new normal era learning on the quality of learning of social studies; and (2) determine the effect of learning in the new normal era on the level of understanding of social studies. This research method uses a quantitative approach to the type of correlational research. The participant in this study were students of class VII at SMP (Junior High School) Muhammadiyah 06 Dau, Malang, Indonesia with a total of 75 students. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire. The hypothesis test used is the correlation coefficient test, the coefficient of determination, simple linear regression and partial t test with the classical assumption test in the form of normality test, linearity test, homogeneity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The results showed that (1) learning in the new normal era had a significant effect on the quality of learning with a value of 0.000; and (2) learning in the new normal era had a significant effect on the level of understanding of students with a value of 0.002. Based on the research, it can be concluded that learning in the new normal era has an effect on the quality of learning and the level of students' understanding of social studies at SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau. The existence of this research is expected for all parties to make good use of face-to-face learning in the new normal era and develop this research as further research to improve the quality of learning and the level of student understanding.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 412, "width": 376, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: New Normal Era Learning, Quality of Learning, Students' Level of Understanding", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 455, "height": 187, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pandemi covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease) telah melanda Indonesia hingga penjuru dunia sejak awal tahun 2020 melalui penemuan virus baru yang mudah menular dan menyerang saluran pernapasan manusia (Sumartiningtyas, 2021). Semakin hari kasus virus corona meningkat dan merebak hingga ke negara-negara lain, salah satunya Indonesia. Penambahan kasus positif di Indonesia mulai meningkat dengan cepat sejak 6 April 2020 dimulai dari 200-300 kasus per hari. Hal tersebut menjadikan Indonesia berpotensi sebagai episentrum Asia yang melampaui kasus positif virus corona di China (BBC Indonesia, 2020). Penyebaran Covid-19 yang semakin meningkat hingga saat ini, mengakibatkan segala aktivitas masyarakat terhambat dan terpaksa dilakukan secara online . Hal tersebut berdampak pada seluruh kegiatan masyarakat baik pada aspek ekonomi, sosial, agama, dan tidak terkecuali pada aspek pendidikan. Sehingga, hampir seluruh negara di dunia menutup sementara kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah. Sama halnya di Negara Indonesia, kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah dapat dilaksanakan secara daring (dalam jaringan) sejak bulan maret tahun 2020. Namun, pada tahun 2021, Pemerintah Indonesia mulai mewajibkan sebagian sekolah untuk melakukan pembelajaran tatap muka, namun secara terbatas dengan tetap mengikuti syarat dan peraturan sebagai usaha untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 652, "width": 455, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran tatap muka merupakan sebuah cara yang bersifat klasikal dimana guru dan siswa dapat berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi lansung pada sebuah forum atau ruangan yang sama (Tanuwijaya & Tambunan, 2021). Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa pembelajaran tatap muka berlangsung secara nyata dan memerlukan kehadiran guru serta siswa untuk melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas. Pembelajaran tatap muka kerap kali ditemukan pada pembelajaran yang sudah berlangsung pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Namun, pembelaran tatap muka berubah menjadi suatu pembelajaran yang hampir tidak dilakukan melihat pandemi covid-19 yang masih berlangsung di Indonesia. Melihat sebagian aktivitas masyarakat mulai diberlakukan secara normal, dapat dikatakan bahwa Indonesia memasuki masa new normal . Masa new normal merupakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 233", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 478, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kehidupan baru atau babak baru yang dialami oleh seluruh negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi covid-19 (Fatimah, 2017). Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan segala upaya agar masyarakat kembali beraktivitas di luar rumah secara normal. Pada era new normal , pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan baru untuk memberikan arahan serta memulihkan kembali kondisi ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan kondisi pada bidang lain dengan tetap menaati protokol kesehatan sesuai dengan peraturan yang sudah ditentukan (Kariem, 2020). Seperti halnya pelaksanaan pendidikan di sekolah, bukan berarti seluruh pelajar ketika melakukan proses pembelajaran tidak lagi menggunakan protokol kesehatan. Dalam hal ini, kegiatan belajar di kelas berlangsung dalam suasana yang baru berawal dari pihak sekolah yang mempersiapkan secara matang komponen serta kebutuhan yang diperlukan. Selain itu terdapat himbauan pada seluruh siswa untuk tetap menggunakan masker serta protokol kesehatan lain. Sebagaimana penelitian Ode et al. (2021) bahwa setiap lembaga sekolah dimulai dari PAUD hingga perguruan tinggi wajib mematuhi protokol kesehatan yang ditetapkan pada pembelajaran tatap muka. Persiapan lembaga sekolah, yaitu dengan menggunakan masker, mengecek suhu tubuh, menjaga jarak setiap siswa, membatasi jam pelajaran, dan membatasi kerumunan. Penerapan masa new normal di Indonesia, dimulai dari dibukanya sebagian instansi masyarakat dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring hingga pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas, salah satunya perubahan pada pembatasan jam pelajaran dan pembatasan jumlah siswa dalam suatu ruangan kelas. Pemberlakuan pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas telah berlangsung selama empat bulan, dari mulai bulan September hingga bulan desember tahun 2021. Hal tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi, sehingga pembelajaran tatap muka bisa dilaksanakan secara normal dengan menghadirkan seluruh peserta didik dalam satu ruangan kelas secara utuh tanpa adanya pembatasan jumlah siswa. Namun, dengan adanya pemberlakuan peraturan pembatasan jam pelajaran yang tidak penuh dan sistem pembelajaran yang masih rancu menjadikan guru tidak maksimal dan menghadapi beberapa masalah ketika sedang melakukan proses pembelajaran di kelas. Masalah tersebut dapat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pembelajaran di suatu sekolah. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan penelitian Syahroni & Dianastiti (2021) yang menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran di era new normal yang masih terbatas menghasilkan pembelajaran hanya dilakukan dengan penyampaian materi oleh guru dan pemberian tugas setiap harinya, durasi pembelajaran yang pendek untuk penjelasan materi yang panjang, serta belum adanya pelatihan terkait dengan penggunaan media dan model pembelajaran yang cocok dengan kegiatan pembelajaran tatap muka di masa new normal . Tidak hanya kualitas pembelajaran, tetapi tingkat pemahaman siswa juga harus diperhatikan sesuai dengan kondisi pembelajaran yang dapat dikatakan masih belum menentu. Pemahaman mengacu pada bagaimana siswa mampu memaknai materi, menerjemahkan, menafsirkan, dan menyerap materi yang diberikan oleh guru. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, pemahaman dapat dilihat melalui sejauh mana peserta didik dapat mengerti apa yang telah dibaca, dilihat, dialami, maupun dirasakan tentang suatu materi yang disampaikan (Bibi & Jati, 2015). Pada jenjang SMP, terdapat mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) dimana aspek pemahaman sangat diperlukan oleh siswa agar materi pelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru dapat diterima dan dimengerti dengan baik oleh siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 555, "width": 454, "height": 188, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial merupakan pembelajaran integratif yang di dalamnya memuat materi- materi pelajaran tentang sejarah, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan geografi. Pendidikan IPS juga dapat dikatakan sebagai penyederhanaan ilmu-ilmu sosial, ideologi negara, dan masalah-masalah terkait yang disajikan secara ilmiah dan psikologis dengan tujuan pendidikan pada tingkat sekolah dasar dan sekolah menengah (Ridwan, 2016). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS di sekolah memiliki tujuan agar siswa mempunyai kemampuan dalam berpikir secara logis, kritis, rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi terkait pada masalah sosial, serta memiliki nilai-nilai sosial dan kemanusiaan dalam bermasyarakat maupun dalam berkomunikasi, bekerja sama, berkompetisi di tingkat lokal maupun global. Tujuan tersebut tertulis dalam Permendiknas Nomor 22 Tahun 2006 tentang Standar Isi Mata Pelajaran. Mata pelajaran IPS bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi siswa agar memiliki kepedulian terhadap masalah sosial atau budaya yang terdapat di lingkungan masyarakat, memiliki sikap positif dalam menanggapi ketimpangan sosial yang terjadi, serta mampu memiliki ide-ide dalam menyelesaikan isu atau masalah yang sedang berkembang di masyarakat (Ridwan, 2016). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka pada masa new normal masih belum dikatakan sebagai pembelajaran yang dapat menjadikan siswa sepenuhnya paham terkait dengan materi yang disampaikan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 745, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Observasi awal dan wawancara secara online terhadap beberapa siswa kelas VII B SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau, peneliti menggali bagaimana proses pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 234", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "guru, apakah menggunakan media atau model pembelajaran lain, serta apakah siswa tersebut benar- benar memahami materi IPS yang telah dijelaskan oleh guru. Kenyataannya, proses pembelajaran tatap muka di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau, terutama pada mata pelajaran IPS masih dikatakan kurang dalam memberikan pemahaman serta peningkatan dalam kualitas pembelajarannya. Seperti halnya guru hanya mengacu pada metode ceramah dan pemberian tugas pada setiap pertemuan, tidak menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik, dan kurangnya sarana prasarana yang dapat menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran. Sehingga, banyak dari siswa belum memahami materi yang telah dijelaskan dan merasa bosan dengan metode pembelajaran yang monoton. Hasilnya, siswa kerap kali terlambat mengumpulkan tugas, tidak bisa menjawab ketika ditanya, dan nilai ujian yang cukup buruk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 456, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan wawancara sebagai penguatan variabel dan observasi secara langsung pada pra penelitian, banyak dari siswa kelas VII di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau, juga masih belum bisa menjelaskan, membandingkan, serta memberikan contoh pada mata pelajaran IPS. Hal tersebut terjadi karena adanya pembatasan jam pelajaran serta terbatasnya guru dalam memberikan penjelasan materi pelajaran kepada siswa. Dalam hal ini, guru tidak bisa secara bebas memberikan media serta metode pembelajaran selain hanya sekedar menjelaskan di hadapan siswa. Hal tersebut juga menjadikan guru lebih banyak memberikan tugas kepada siswa pada setiap pertemuannya. Sehingga, tingkat pemahaman siswa hanya dapat dikur pada nilai tugas, ulangan harian, dan ujian-ujian sekolah lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 455, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait dengan seberapa besar pengaruh pembelajaran era new normal terhadap kualitas pembelajaran dan tingkat pemahaman pada mata pelajaran ips. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran era new normal terhadap kualitas pembelajaran IPS. 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran era new normal terhadap tingkat pemahaman Mata Pelajaran IPS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 454, "height": 88, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah korelasional yang bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat hubungan dan mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh antara satu variabel atau lebih. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau, Malang yang berjumlah 75 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan non probability sampling (teknik pengambilan sampel secara tidak acak) dengan jenis teknik pengambilan sampel jenuh. Sampel. Pada penelitian ini, diambil seluruhnya dari jumlah populasi, yaitu sebanyak 75 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 482, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Instrumen dan teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket atau kuesioner. Adapun indikator pada masing-masing variabel, yaitu sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 513, "width": 248, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Kisi-Kisi Kuesioner Pembelajaran Era New Normal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 531, "width": 431, "height": 172, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Indikator No Item Pembelajaran Era New Normal 1. Interaksi antara guru dan siswa, serta siswa dan sesama siswa lainnya 1, 2, 3 2. Kehadiran guru dan peserta didik 4, 5, 6 3. Menyusun rancangan pelaksanaan pembelajaran 7, 8, 9 4. Pembelajaran berorientasi pada tempat ( place-based ) 10, 11, 12 Tabel 2. Kisi-Kisi Kuesioner Kualitas Pembelajaran Variabel Indikator No Item Kualitas Pembelajaran 1. Penguasaan materi yang dimiliki oleh guru 1, 2, 3 2. Kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kelas saat proses pembelajaran 4, 5, 6 3. Kemampuan guru dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran 7, 8, 9 4. Kemampuan guru dalam mengevaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran 10, 11, 12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 235", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 197, "top": 75, "width": 204, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Kisi-Kisi Kuesioner Tingkat Pemahaman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 92, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Indikator No Item Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa 1. Kemampuan siswa dalam menafsirkan materi pelajaran 1, 2, 3 2. Kemampuan siswa dalam meberi contoh dan mengklasifikasikan 4, 5, 6 3. Kemampuan siswa dalam meringkas dan menarik kesimpulan 7, 8 4. Kemampuan siswa dalam membandingkan dan menjelaskan 9, 10, 11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelumnya, instrument dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji validitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus bivariate pearson dengan taraf signifikasi sebesar 0,05 atau 5% (Yusuf & Daris, 2018). Berikut ini hasil uji validitas yang telah dilakukan melalui tahap uji coba penyebaran angket pada 30 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 231, "width": 270, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Validitas Instrumen Pembelajaran Era New Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 248, "width": 324, "height": 497, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. r hitung r tabel Keterangan 1. 0,646 0,361 Valid 2. 0,845 0,361 Valid 3. 0,562 0,361 Valid 4. 0,558 0,361 Valid 5. 0,743 0,361 Valid 6. 0,678 0,361 Valid 7. 0,586 0,361 Valid 8. 0,700 0,361 Valid 9. 0,825 0,361 Valid 10. 0,709 0,361 Valid 11. 0,682 0,361 Valid 12. 0,634 0,361 Valid Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Kualitas Pembelajaran No. r hitung r tabel Keterangan 1. 0,701 0,361 Valid 2. 0,619 0,361 Valid 3. 0,793 0,361 Valid 4. 0,784 0,361 Valid 5. 0,708 0,361 Valid 6. 0,609 0,361 Valid 7. 0,648 0,361 Valid 8. 0,746 0,361 Valid 9. 0,760 0,361 Valid 10. 0,499 0,361 Valid 11. 0,689 0,361 Valid 12. 0,766 0,361 Valid Tabel 6. Hasil Validitas Instrumen Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa No. r hitung r tabel Keterangan 1. 0,524 0,361 Valid 2. 0,773 0,361 Valid 3. 0,735 0,361 Valid 4. 0,560 0,361 Valid 5. 0,779 0,361 Valid 6. 0,714 0,361 Valid 7. 0,315 0,361 Tidak Valid 8. 0,481 0,361 Valid 9. 0,629 0,361 Valid 10. 0,690 0,361 Valid 11. 0,754 0,361 Valid 12. 0,799 0,361 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 236", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil uji validitas instrumen tingkat pemahaman siswa di atas, terdapat satu pernyataan yang tidak valid yaitu nomor 7. Sehingga, pernyataan tersebut dianggap gugur dan tidak dapat digunakan kembali. Namun, masih terdapat 2 pernyataan yang dapat mengganti satu pernyataan yang gugur tersebut, yaitu pada nomor 8 dan 9.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, uji reliabilitas instrumen dilakukan dengan Cronbach's Alpha (Firmansyah, 2019). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penelitian adalah reliabel, dengan masing-masing nilai Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6, yaitu 1) variabel pembelajaran era new normal sebesar 0,892; 2) variabel kualitas pembelajaran sebesar 0.900; dan variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa sebesar 0,876.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 454, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji asumsi klasik, meliputi normalitas, linearitas, homogenitas, dan heterokedastisitas. Selanjutnya uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, regresi linear sederhana dan uji t parsial. Pedoman derajat hubungan yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan tingkat korelasi antar kedua variabel menurut Sugiyono (2007), yaitu sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 245, "width": 267, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Pedoman Koefisien Korelasi Interval Koefisien Tingkat Hubungan 0,00 – 0,199 Sangat Rendah 0,20 – 0,399 Rendah 0,40 – 0,599 Sedang 0,60 – 0,799 Kuat 0,80 – 1,000 Sangat Kuat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 356, "width": 238, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Ho₁: Pembelajaran era new normal tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau. Ha₁: Pembelajaran era new normal berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Ho₂: Pembelajaran era new normal tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 442, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha₂: Pembelajaran era new normal berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 483, "width": 107, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 495, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 508, "width": 365, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Pembelajaran Era New Normal terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran IPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 521, "width": 455, "height": 50, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum dilakukan analisis hipotesis, data uji pengaruh pembelajaran era new normal terhadap kualitas pembelajaran IPS dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji asumsi klasik. Secara spesifik, uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari normalitas, linieritas, homogenitas, dan heterokedastisitas dijabarkan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 573, "width": 394, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8. Uji Normalitas Pembelajaran Era New Normal (X) terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran (Y1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 585, "width": 374, "height": 114, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Unstandardized Residual N 75 Normal Parameters a Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation 2.25323649 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .086 Positive .086 Negative -.084 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .741 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .642", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 453, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan angka 0,642 > 0,05. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai residual pada variabel X terhadap Y1 berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 237", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 74, "width": 394, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9. Uji Linearitas Pembelajaran Era New Normal (X) Terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran (Y1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 86, "width": 434, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Kualitas Pemb. * Pembelajaran Between Groups (Combined) 393.209 12 32.767 6.664 .000 Linearity 322.376 1 322.376 65.560 .000 Deviation from Linearity 70.833 11 6.439 1.310 .241 Within Groups 304.871 62 4.917 Total 698.080 74", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 191, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hail uji linearitas di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai Sig deviation from linearity adalah 0,241 > 0,050. Maka, dapat diartikan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan linear. Dalam hal ini, variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) memiliki hubungan linear terhadap variabel kualitas pembelajaran (Y1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 248, "width": 294, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 10. Uji Homogenitas Variabel Pembelajaran Era New Normal (X)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 266, "width": 320, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. .371 2 72 .691", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 303, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan 0,691 > 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) dikatakan homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 334, "width": 264, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 11 . Uji Homogenitas Variabel Kualitas Pembelajaran (Y1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 352, "width": 328, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. 1.327 2 72 .272", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan 0,272 > 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel kualitas pembelajaran (Y1) dikatakan homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 420, "width": 429, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 12. Uji Heterokedastisitas Pembelajaran Era New Normal (X) terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran (Y1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 438, "width": 431, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 5.244 1.782 2.942 .004 Pembelajaran -.092 .049 -.215 -1.877 .064", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 454, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai Sig menunjukkan 0,64 > 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X terhadap variabel Y1 tidak terjadi masalah heterokedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 537, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah dilakukan uji asumsi klasik, selanjutnya pengujian hipotesis yang meliputi: uji koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, regresi linear sederhana dan uji t parsial. Secara rinci, hasil uji hipotesis dijabarkan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 581, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 13. Hasil Korelasi Variabel X terhadap Variabel Y1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 599, "width": 321, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran Kualitas Pembelajaran Pearson Correlation 1 .680 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 75 75 Kualitas Pearson Correlation .680 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 75 75", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 698, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat dilihat dari tabel 13 di atas, variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) terhadap variabel kualitas pembelajaran (Y1) memiliki tingkat korelasi kuat. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari nilai r hitung sebesar 0,680 yang termauk pada tingkat korelasi kuat. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X terhadap variabel Y1 memiliki tingkat korelasi yang kuat dengan bentuk hubungan positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 238", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 117, "top": 75, "width": 371, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 14. Hasil R dan R square X terhadap Variabel Y1 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .680 a .462 .454 2.26862", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 131, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas, hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (bebas) memiliki kemampuan sebesar 45,4% dalam menjelaskan perubahan varians terhadap variabel kualitas pembelajaran (terikat).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 175, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 15. Persamaam Regresi Sederhana X terhadap Y1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 192, "width": 432, "height": 58, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 9.658 3.485 2.772 .007 Pembelajaran New Normal .759 .096 .680 7.914 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 454, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai dari persamaan X dan Y1 adalah Y1 = 9.658 + 0,759. Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas, hasil nilai konstanta positif menunjukkan pengaruh positif variabel independent (X). Sedangkan untuk nilai 0,759 merupakan nilai koefisien regresi variabel X terhadap Y. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa jika variabel X mengalami kenaikan satu satuan, maka variabel Y mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,759 atau 75,9%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 335, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 16. Hasil Uji Regresi X terhadap Y1 Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 322.376 1 322.376 62.638 .000 a Residual 375.704 73 5.147 Total 698.080 74", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 411, "width": 453, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari output tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 maka dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (Y1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 455, "width": 372, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 17. Uji Regresi X terhadap Y1 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .680 a .462 .454 2.26862", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas menunjukkan besarnya nilai korelasi (R) adalah 0,680. Dari output tersebut dapat diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,462. Maka dari itu, berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) terhadap variabel kualitas pembelajaran (Y1) sebesar 46,2%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 560, "width": 274, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 18. Uji t Untuk Variabel Pembelajaran Era New Normal (X)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 572, "width": 432, "height": 69, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terhadap Variabel Kualitas Pembelajaran (Y1) Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 9.658 3.485 2.772 .007 Pembelajaran New Normal .759 .096 .680 7.914 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 656, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 18 di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) memiliki nilai t hitung 7.914 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Nilai tersebut kurang dari 0,05 dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap variabel kualitas pembelajaran (Y1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 706, "width": 455, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat diketahui bahwa hasil uji t pembelajaran era new normal terhadap kualitas pembelajaran menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Maka dari nilai yang telah diperoleh tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa pembelajaran era new normal berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau. Maka dari itu, hipotesis pertama dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 239", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 354, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Pembelajaran Era New normal terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman IPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 455, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji asumsi klasik pada data uji pengaruh pembelajaran era new normal terhadap tingkat pemahaman IPS dalam penelitian ini dijabarkan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 138, "width": 416, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 19. Uji Normalitas Pembelajaran Era New normal (X) terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa (Y2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 155, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 167, "width": 353, "height": 114, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unstandardized Residual N 75 Normal Parameters a Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation 2.14206314 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .122 Positive .122 Negative -.073 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.052 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .218", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 295, "width": 454, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas pada tabel 19 dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan angka 0,218 > 0,05. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai residual pada variabel X terhadap Y2 berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 339, "width": 443, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 20. Uji Linearitas Variabel Pembelajaran Era New normal (X) Terhadap Variabel Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa (Y2) Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Pemahaman * Pembelajaran Between Groups (Combined) 110.646 12 9.220 2.053 .034 Linearity 49.603 1 49.603 11.043 .001 Deviation from Linearity 61.043 11 5.549 1.235 .284 Within Groups 278.501 62 4.492 Total 389.147 74", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 484, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hail uji linearitas di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai Sig deviation from linearity adalah 0,284 > 0,050. Maka, dapat diartikan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan linear. Dalam hal ini, variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) memiliki hubungan linear terhadap variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa (Y2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 541, "width": 422, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 21 . Uji Heterokedastisitas Variabel Pembelajaran Era New normal (X) Terhadap Variabel Tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 552, "width": 421, "height": 63, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemahaman Siswa (Y2) Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -1.055 2.070 -.510 .612 Pembelajaran .075 .057 .152 1.310 .194", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 630, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai Sig menunjukkan 0,194 > 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X terhadap variabel Y2 tidak terjadi masalah heterokedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 673, "width": 341, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 22. Uji Homogenitas Variabel Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa (Y2) Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. .588 2 72 .558", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 728, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan 0,558 > 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa (Y2) dapat dikatakan homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 240", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya hasil uji hipotesis yang meliputi: uji koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, regresi linear sederhana dan uji t parsial, secara rinci dijabarkan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 106, "width": 241, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 23. Hasil Korelasi Variabel X Terhadap Variabel Y2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 124, "width": 342, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran Tingkat Pemahaman Pembelajaran Pearson Correlation 1 .357 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .002 N 75 75 Tingkat Pemahaman Pearson Correlation .357 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .002 N 75 75", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 455, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat dilihat dari tabel 23 di atas, variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) terhadap variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa (Y2) memiliki tingkat korelasi rendah. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari nilai r hitung sebesar 0,357 yang termasuk pada tingkat korelasi rendah. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X terhadap variabel Y2 memiliki tingkat korelasi yang rendah dengan bentuk hubungan positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 286, "width": 394, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 24. Hasil R dan R square X Terhadap Variabel Y2 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .357 a .127 .116 2.15668", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 341, "width": 453, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas, hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (bebas) memiliki kemampuan sebesar 11,6% dalam menjelaskan perubahan varians terhadap variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa (terikat).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 385, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 25. Persamaam Regresi Sederhana X Terhadap Y2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 403, "width": 432, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.439 3.313 5.264 .000 Pembelajaran New normal .298 .091 .357 3.266 .002", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 473, "width": 454, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai dari persamaan X dan Y2 adalah Y2 = 17.439 + 0,298. Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas, hasil nilai konstanta positif menunjukkan pengaruh positif variabel independent (X). Sedangkan untuk nilai 0,298 merupakan nilai koefisien regresi variabel X terhadap Y. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa jika variabel X mengalami kenaikan satu satuan, maka variabel Y mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,298 atau 29,8%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 542, "width": 386, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 26. Hasil Uji Regresi X Terhadap Y2 Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 49.603 1 49.603 10.664 .002 a Residual 339.544 73 4.651 Total 389.147 74", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 619, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari output tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi menunjukkan sebesar 0,002 < 0,05 maka dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa (Y2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 676, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 27. Uji Regresi X Terhadap Y2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 694, "width": 384, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .357 a .127 .116 2.15668", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 730, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas menunjukkan besarnya nilai korelasi (R) adalah 0,357. Dari output tersebut dapat diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,127. Maka dari itu, berarti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 241", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bahwa terdapat pengaruh variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) terhadap variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa (Y2) sebesar 12,7%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 106, "width": 430, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 28. Uji t Untuk Variabel Pembelajaran Era New normal (X) Terhadap Variabel Tingkat Pemahaman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 117, "width": 440, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siswa (Y2) Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.439 3.313 5.264 .000 Pembelajaran Era New normal .298 .091 .357 3.266 .002", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 28 di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) memiliki nilai t hitung 3.266 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,002. Nilai tersebut kurang dari 0,05 dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal (X) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa (Y2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 454, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji t pembelajaran era new normal terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,002 < 0,05. Maka dari nilai yang telah diperoleh tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa pembelajaran era new normal berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau. Maka dari itu, hipotesis kedua dalam penelitian ini diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 366, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Pembelajaran Era New normal Terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran IPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 455, "height": 137, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa pembelajaran era new normal yang berbentuk pembelajaran tatap muka di kelas memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran. Hal tersebut menggambarkan bahwa saat melaksanakan pembelajaran tatap muka secara langsung di kelas, kualitas pembelajaran yang lebih banyak dilihat dari sisi guru sangat berpengaruh. Pernyataan tersebut diperkuat dari penelitian Mas (2008) bahwa peran guru memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap proses pembelajaran. Dengan kata lain, kualitas guru dapat dilihat dari segi proses dan segi hasil. Jika dari segi proses, guru dapat dikatakan berhasil apabila mampu melibatkan sebagian dari peserta didik aktif dalam proses pembelajaran dengan strategi maupun media yang digunakan. Namun, dari segi hasil guru dapat dikatakan berhasil jika pembelajaran yang diberikan mampu mengubah perilaku sebagian besar peserta didik dalam hal untuk mencapai kompetensi dan tujuan pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 498, "width": 454, "height": 137, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil yang telah didapatkan oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa indikator yang memiliki nilai cukup tinggi, yaitu pada indikator kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kelas dan kemampuan guru dalam mengevaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran. Kedua indikator tersebut berkaitan dengan penggunaan metode serta media pembelajaran oleh guru dan pemberian evaluasi di akhir pembelajaran. Sehingga, siswa dapat dengan mudah menerima pelajaran dari guru dan tidak merasa bosan. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa siswa lebih tertarik pada pembelajaran yang menarik dengan media serta metode pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Sehingga, siswa dapat dengan mudah menerima pelajaran dari guru dan tidak merasa bosan (Nurrita, 2018). Melihat dari data angket yang telah diisi oleh responden, guru cenderung jarang memberikan evaluasi pada akhir pembelajaran. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi salah satu pemicu sebagian siswa belum tentu memahami materi yang telah disampaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 637, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran dapat dikatakan menarik jika seorang guru mampu menjadi mediator serta fasilitator yang baik bagi peserta didik. Sebagai fasilitator berarti bahwa seorang guru mampu memberikan fasilitas dan kemudahan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Sedangkan sebagai mediator, guru berperan sebagai penengah atau seseorang yang mengorganisasikan penggunaan media pembelajaran ( Arisanti, Okianna, & Rustiyarso , 2013). Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari kreativitas yang dimiliki oleh guru ketika mengelola kelas, menyampaikan materi pelajaran, dan mengevaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran dihadapan peserta didik. Dengan kata lain, guru menjadi kunci utama sebagai keberhasilan kualitas pembelajaran di sekolah maupun di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 740, "width": 454, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sesuai dengan pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh Callahan & Clark (dalam Hidayat, 2014) bahwa salah satu faktor pembelajaran dikatakan berkualitas dapat dilihat dari sisi seorang guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 242", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang guru diharapkan memiliki dua modal dasar, yaitu kemampuan mendesain program pembelajaran dan memiliki keterampilan dalam mengkomunikasikan materi ajar pada peserta didik. Berdasarkan pendapat tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa guru memiliki kontribusi yang sangat besar terhadap keberhasilan pembelajaran di sekolah, terutama pada kualitas pembelajaran. Guru dapat dikatakan berkualitas jika guru memiliki kemampuan profesional dalam menjalankan tugas dan peranannya dengan baik pada proses belajar mengajar di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 454, "height": 88, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan di atas didukung oleh pendapat dari Supardi (dalam Arisanti, Okianna, & Rustiyarso , 2013) bahwa guru diharapkan mengimplementasikan keterampilan serta kemampuan yang dimilikinya ketika mengajar di kelas. Kinerja mengajar guru akan terlihat melalui bagaimana guru dalam merencanakan kegiatan pembelajaran, melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran, menyampaikan materi pelajaran kepada peserta didik, serta melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran. Maka dari itu, guru termasuk dalam salah satu komponen penting yang tidak terlepas pada kegiatan belajar mengajar untuk menunjang serta menciptkan proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 242, "width": 454, "height": 85, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendapat tersebut senada dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Megawati & Kahar (2017) bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif signifikan antara komunikasi orang tua dan guru terhadap peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPS. Dengan adanya pengaruh positif signifikan pada penelitian tersebut, menggambarkan bahwa komunikasi guru terhadap kualitas pembelajaran dikategorikan kuat. Hal tersebut akan berjalan baik, jika guru mampu memiliki keterbukaan, empati, dukungan, rasa positif berdasarkan perilaku, dampak belajar peserta didik, dan suasana pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 330, "width": 454, "height": 162, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sama-sama menggunakan topik penelitian yang berkaitan dengan kualitas pembelajaran dilihat dari sisi guru, penelitian ini berbeda dengan hasil penelitian di atas yang dilakukan oleh Megawati dan Kahar. Pada penelitian ini, berfokus pada kemampuan guru dalam melakukan proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Seperti halnya kemampuan guru dalam penguasaan materi, pengelolaan kelas, penyampaian materi, serta kemampuan dalam memberikan evaluasi. Berdasarkan pada hasil uji hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran era new normal berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa guru yang dapat mengelola, menguasai materi, serta menyampaikan materi melalui media pembelajaran yang menarik, akan menjadikan pembelajaran di kelas berjalan tidak monoton. Kemahiran guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di kelas tidak terlepas dari upaya dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran melalui penyempurnaan kurikulum, sistem evaluasi, manajemen instruksional, seminar pembelajaran, poses belajar mengajar, sarana prasarana, serta kemampuan guru dalam mengembangkan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi pada dunia pendidikan (Shofia et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 495, "width": 454, "height": 111, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maka dari itu, pembelajaran tatap muka pada masa new normal yang telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia hingga saat ini sangat memengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran di sebagian sekolah tertentu. Hal tersebut dikarenakan peraturan serta syarat ketika melaksanakan proses pembelajaran di kelas membutuhkan penyesuaian antara guru dan siswa. Dapat diketahui bahwa selama kegiatan pembelajaran tatap muka, diberlakukan pembatasan jam pelajaran serta penyampaian materi oleh guru yang dirasa sangat kurang. Maka dari itu, dibutuhkan persiapan yang matang untuk menjadikan pembelajaran tetap efektif dan berjalan tanpa ada kendala (Fitriansyah, 2022). Peran guru sangat besar dalam menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran baik itu dalam mengelola kelas, menyampaikan materi, serta profesionalisme dari guru itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 357, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Pembelajaran Era New normal terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman IPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 455, "height": 123, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran era new normal yang berbentuk pembelajaran tatap muka memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Dari hasil yang telah didapatkan oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh hasil indikator yang memiliki nilai cukup tinggi, yaitu pada indikator kemampuan siswa dalam meringkas dan menarik kesimpulan. Sedangkan hasil indikator yang memiliki nilai rendah, yaitu pada indikator kemampuan siswa dalam menafsirkan materi pelajaran. Indikator yang memiliki nilai rendah berkaitan dengan bagaimana siswa dapat mengerti dan mengartikan istilah atau kata pada materi pelajaran IPS. Hal tersebut menggambarkan bahwa saat dilaksanakannya pembelajaran tatap muka secara langsung pada masa new normal banyak dari siswa masih belum sepenuhnya paham istilah yang terdapat pada materi terkait. Sedangkan pada indikator yang memiliki nilai tinggi dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 243", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikatakan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam meringkas dan menarik kesimpulan masih bisa dilakukan oleh sebagian siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 454, "height": 61, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemahaman yang diterima siswa dapat berbentuk bagaimana siswa mampu menafsirkan, menangkap, menjelaskan, serta memberikan pendapat terkait dengan materi yang telah diajarkan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran tatap muka di era new normal masih membutuhkan evaluasi atau perbaikan kembali agar dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tanpa menyalahi aturan yang telah ditentukan pada masa pandemi covid-19 ini (Laili, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 454, "height": 137, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Bibi & Jati (2015) menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pembelajaran tatap muka secara langsung dapat didukung oleh kemampuan seorang guru atau dosen dalam merancang sumber belajar yang dapat dikombinasikan dengan sumber belajar lain. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka juga digunakan untuk melakukan refleksi pada pembelajaran daring, dimana hal yang menjadi hambatan dalam pembelajaran daring diharapkan dapat diperbaiki pada pembelajaran tatap muka, salah satunya upaya dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa (Bibi & Jati, 2015). Sedangkan pada penelitian ini, lebih berfokus pada pembelajaran tatap muka di kelas dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran campuran atau blended learning . Namun, pada penelitian ini sama-sama ditemukan hasil bahwa pembelajaran tatap muka secara langsung dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan guru dalam merancang pembelajaran. Sehingga, pembelajaran yang dirancang semenarik mungkin memberikan pemahaman kepada peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 454, "height": 137, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masalah-masalah terkait menurunnya pemahaman siswa dikarenakan jam pelajaran yang kurang, yaitu dengan waktu 30 menit pada setiap mata pelajaran, kurangnya metode serta media pembelajaran yang diberikan, penyampaian materi pelajaran yang monoton, dan pembelajaran berlangsung tidak efisien dengan banyaknya tugas yang diberikan (Mustakim & Saepul, 2020). Hal tersebut mengakibatkan sebagian siswa belum mampu memahami materi pelajaran IPS secara keseluruhan. Menurut Taksonomi Bloom dalam Anderson dan Krathwohl bahwa pemahaman termasuk dalam ranah kognitif yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan seorang siswa. Bloom membagi pemahaman menjadi delapan indikator, yaitu menafsirkan, memberikan contoh, mengklasifikasikan, meringkas, menyimpulkan, membandingkan, dan menjelaskan (Anam, 2021). Dari delapan indikator pemahaman tersebut, hendaknya siswa mampu menerapkan beberapa indikator tersebut dalam menerima materi pelajaran yang telah disampaikan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 455, "height": 60, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran era new normal dengan bentuk pembelajaran tatap muka menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pemahaman siswa. Semakin baik pembelajaran yang diterapkan, baik itu dari sisi siswa maupun penyampaian materi dari guru maka akan semakin baik pula peningkatan pemahaman pada diri siswa. Sehingga, dari penjabaran tersebut variabel pembelajaran era new normal dan tingkat pemahaman siswa saling berhubungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 532, "width": 454, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan yang terjadi antara pembelajaran era new normal terhadap kualitas pembelajaran. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari t hitung sebesar 7.914 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Pada hasil koefisien regresi memiliki nilai positif sebesar 0,759 yang berarti bahwa secara parsial pembelajaran era new normal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran saat pembelajaran tatap muka di kelas. Dapat dijelaskan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal memiliki kemampuan sebesar 45,4% dalam menjelaskan varians terhadap variabel kualitas pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 454, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedua, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan yang terjadi antara pembelajaran era new normal terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa. Besarnya pengaruh antara pembelajaran era new normal terhadap tingkat pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS dapat dilihat dari t hitung sebesar 3.266 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,002 < 0,05 dan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan. Pada hasil koefisien regresi memiliki nilai positif sebesar 0,298 dan dapat dijelaskan bahwa variabel pembelajaran era new normal memiliki kemampuan sebesar 11,6% dalam menjelaskan varians terhadap variabel tingkat pemahaman siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 724, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 738, "width": 455, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anam, S. (2021). Group Investigation; Konsep dan Implementasi dalam Pembelajaran . Academia Publication.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 244", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arisanti, D., Okianna, & Rustiyarso (2013). Peran Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi Di Kelas X SMA PGRI 1 Pontianak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 103, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa (JPPK) , 2(9), 1-11. BBC Indonesia. (2020). Covid-19 Indonesia Mencapai Setengah Juta Kasus Positif, 25% di Antaranya Ada di Jakarta . https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-51850113. Bibi, S., & Jati, H. (2015). Efektivitas Model Blended Learning terhadap Motivasi dan Tingkat Pemahaman Mahasiswa Mata Kuliah Algoritma dan Pemrograman. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi , 5 (1), 74. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v5i1.6074", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 185, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fatimah. (2017). Pembelajaran di Era New normal . Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 53(9), 1689–1699. Firmansyah, F. (2019). Budaya Kerja IKM Batik Inovatif & Kreatif . Duta Media Publisihing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 227, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fitriansyah, F. (2022). Dinamika Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas Di Kalangan Mahasiswa. Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan , 3 (1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.37478/jpm.v3i1.1438", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 268, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hidayat, E. (2014). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Mutu Sekolah (Pengaruh Dari Faktor Kinerja Mengajar Guru Dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar). Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan , 21 (1), 81–88.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 310, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kariem, M. Q. (2020). Konsepsi Kebijakan Pemerintah Di Era New normal . 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Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua Dengan Guru terhadap Peningkatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 434, "width": 341, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas Pembelajaran. Jurnal Office , 3 (1), 33.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 448, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.26858/jo.v3i1.3458", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mustakim, & Saepul, U. (2020). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Di Era New normal Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Matematika Diskrit. 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Alternatif Solusi Model Pembelajaran Untuk Mengatasi Resiko Penurunan Capaian Belajar Dalam Pembelajaran Tatap Muka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 696, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2355-0236 e-ISSN 2684-6985 Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (JPIPS), Desember 2022 (14)2:232-245 Available online at http://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JP-IPS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 784, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juni 2022 245", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 75, "width": 426, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terbatas Di Masa Pandemic Covid 19. 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "357", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 74, "width": 423, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS MODULE WITH THE CONTEXTUAL APPROACH TO THE DISCUSSION RULES, PERMUTATION, AND COMBINATION THROUGH THINK PAIR SHARE STRATEGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 195, "top": 126, "width": 221, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yopanika Naurosa Khusnayani a , Julan Hernadi b", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 139, "width": 205, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UAD Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, SH. Janturan Yogyakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 162, "width": 230, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a [email protected] , b [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 187, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 443, "height": 191, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Limitation of learning resources is one factor that makes students difficult to understand a subject matter. One of the teaching materials that can help students' learning activities is modules. This study aims to develop the mathematics module that uses the contextual approach in sub-material the counting rules, permutations and combinations through think pair share strategies and to determine the appropriateness of the modules developed. The development procedure is adopted from the research and development that developed by Borg and Gall in Sugiyono (2014) including the step of identifying the potential and problems, collecting information, product designing, validation of product design, revising the product design, the pilot phase of products and product revision. Mathematics module developed based on the principals of contextual approach on Muslich, Mansur (2008) . These products have been through the steps of revision based on advice and suggestions of media and subject matter experts as well as students' response to the module. The results showed from validations criteria and students' responses to the module. Based on an assessment by subject matter experts obtained an average score of 84 which satisfies good criteria, media experts obtained an average score of 93 which satisfies good criteria and results of students' response to the module also satisfy good criteria with an average score that is 110,21. These results mean the mathematics module is appropriate to use in the learning of mathematics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 416, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Module, Contextual Teaching, and Learning Think Pair Share Strategy, Counting Rules, Permutations and Combinations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 468, "width": 442, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In essence, education is an effort to prepare students to deal with the environment that is always experiencing increasingly rapid changes. Mathematics is a fundamental science that is applied in everyday life. Mathematics is given through an educational process that starts from elementary school to college. Facts that occur in the field at this time, generally learning mathematics in schools still tend to focus on achieving the target material according to the curriculum or textbooks used, not on understanding the material being studied. As a result, students tend to only memorize mathematical concepts, without understanding their meaning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 443, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of interviews conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Godean obtained information from mathematics teachers, that the uncertainty of the curriculum currently being used creates confusion in the use of teaching materials. Teachers cannot require students to buy certain books, whereas books from the government are not yet available due to sudden conversion. The teacher also does not have time to make teaching materials for students. While the teacher frees students to actively search for teaching materials independently. The librarian explained that the 2013 curriculum class XI mathematics book was not yet available. To meet the needs of students, other reference books are provided but the numbers are limited. Interviews were also conducted with some students and information was obtained that students only used the worksheet as a guide in learning in class. The material presented at the worksheet is very limited. Students feel they still need reference to teaching materials that help in understanding concepts. While the results of interviews conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan on mathematics teachers obtained information that teaching materials used in learning in class are LKS. Plus the activeness of students in finding other teaching materials is still lacking. Students tend to search if instructed by the teacher alone. The teacher plans to make modules for students but is constrained by time. Data from the librarian obtained that mandatory books from the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "358", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 442, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "government in accordance with the 2013 curriculum did not yet exist. Books provided in the library are still in the 2004 curriculum. Books from other references are available, but the number is limited. Interviews of several students obtained information that students are still very limited in getting teaching material that can be used for learning. Students still need other teaching materials.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Class XI student learning outcomes of SMA Negeri 1 Godean and SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan on the subject matter of the subject of the principles of enumeration, permutation and combination are still many under the KKM. This happened due to several factors. In addition to the daily test score data, a pretest was conducted on the subject matter of permutation and combination on a small sample at SMA N 1 Godean and SMA N 1 Seyegan. The 10 pretest questions were given as a matter of identifying permutation and combination problems. Based on the pretest, an average value of 7.60 was obtained at SMA Negeri 1 Godean, while at SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan an average grade of 6.75 was obtained. From the results of the pretest, it can be seen that the ability to identify permutation and combination problems given to students in the two schools is different. The average in Godean 1 High School is good enough, but in Seyegan 1 High School it is still not good enough.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 442, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of interviews, daily test data, as well as pretest conducted in both schools, the limited reference of teaching materials is one of the factors that make it difficult for students to understand learning material, in this context the material opportunities are subject to the principles of enumeration, permutation, and combination. Presentation of material in teaching materials used is also not good so students still rely a lot on teachers as educators. Therefore, students need learning resources that can help in understanding mathematical concepts and be able to implement them in everyday life. Learning resources used must, of course, be able to build student creativity, hone students' analytical skills, and contextual. So hopefully students can be more interested in mathematics and can construct meaningful knowledge with active independence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Modules are one form of teaching material that is packaged intact and systematic, which contains a set of learning experiences that are planned and designed to help students master specific learning goals. Modules function as learning tools that are independent in accordance with their respective speeds (Daryanto, 2013: 9). From this understanding, researchers try to create modules with new innovations as one of the teaching materials that can motivate students to learn with a contextual approach and can strengthen the concept of material obtained with their friends through a think pair share strategy in which many will be given reinforcement of the concepts sought by themselves students without losing the main function of the module which is to facilitate independent learning. The think pair share strategy in the module will be given to the strengthening of the concept of the material after students have studied the material on the module themselves.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on this, researchers are interested in conducting research with the title \"Mathematical Module with Contextual Approach to the Subject of Enumeration, Permutation, and Combination through Think Pair Share Strategies\".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 573, "width": 268, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the description, problems can be formulated, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 587, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. How is the development of a mathematical module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration, permutation and combination rules through a think pair share strategy?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 615, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. How is the quality/feasibility of a mathematical module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration, permutation, and combination through a think pair share strategy?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 643, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above problem formulation, the objectives of this study are:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. To develop a mathematical module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration, permutation and combination rules through a think pair share strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. To test the quality/feasibility of a mathematical module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration, permutation and combination rules through a think pair share strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. To find out the effectiveness of the use of modules as teaching material in terms of students' responses to modules and motivational sentences in modules for the formation of student characters according to KI 2 in the 2013 curriculum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "359", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 93, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHODS Development Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 442, "height": 79, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is one form of R&D (Research and Development). The researcher uses one of the R&D development models from Sugiyono's book titled Educational Research Methods Qualitative, Quantitative and R&D Approaches as well as guidelines for the development of teaching materials from the Ministry of National Education 2008. The product developed is a mathematical module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration rules, permutations, and combinations through strategies Think Pair Share (TPS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Development Procedure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research and development steps in R&D according to Sugiyono (2014: 298) consist of several steps, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Potential and Problems", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 240, "width": 420, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The potential possessed at Godean 1 High School and Seyegan 1 High School is a high enough motivation to learn but there is a problem namely the limited learning resources used in understanding learning material. These problems are what researchers will try to correct.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Data Collection", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 295, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At this stage, researchers need to collect various data based on their potential to solve the problems faced as material for planning module products that are expected to solve problems in SMA Negeri 1 Godean and SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Product design", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 351, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The product that will be produced in this research, namely the module teaching material needs to be done in advance. The design is needed so that in the process of making module teaching materials can be conceptualized properly so that the desired objectives can be achieved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 442, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Design Validation At the design validation stage, the design or product design will be judged rationally effective or not. Validation is still based on rational thinking, not factual facts. Material experts and media experts assess product design to determine their weaknesses and weaknesses, as well as provide input to improve product design.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Design Revision", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 476, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The design of the module teaching material products that have been validated by the material experts and media experts are further improved or revised in the design. The revision was carried out in consultation with material experts and media experts until it was declared good before being tested on several students who would use the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Product Testing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 545, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Modules that were declared feasible by media experts and material experts, were then tested on several students. The trial was only conducted on a few students taken randomly from class XI MIA SMA Negeri 1 Godean and SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan to determine the effectiveness of the module teaching materials produced.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Product Revision", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 615, "width": 420, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If product designs that have been tested on a small class are found to be flawed and lacked, then a second revision is made for improvements before printing the final product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 643, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Product Trial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 443, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The study was conducted at Godean 1 High School and Seyegan 1 High School. The subjects in this study were grade IX students of SMA Negeri 1 Godean and SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan. Students will provide an assessment of the module in the learning process. In addition to assessment, students also provide input and suggestions for improvement to the module.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 442, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The instrument used to collect data in this study was a questionnaire. The type of questionnaire used was the checklist questionnaire. There were 3 questionnaires developed, namely the material expert assessment questionnaire, media expert assessment questionnaire, and student response questionnaire, based on the formative evaluation instrument of teaching materials published by the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "360", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ministry of National Education in 2008. The questionnaire will be given at validation and trial activities. At the validation stage, the material expert assessment questionnaire is given to the material expert to provide an assessment of the module in terms of material and the media expert assessment questionnaire is given to the media expert to provide an assessment of the module from the aspect of the media. Whereas in the trial, the modules are searched by students within 2 weeks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 443, "height": 194, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At the initial stage of the trial, students are given a Pre-Test that is useful for knowing the students 'initial abilities before using the module, while at the end of the trial, students are given a Post- Test that is useful for knowing the students' abilities after using the module. At the end of the trial, a questionnaire was also given to find out students' opinions about the module. The data analysis technique used is the first, quantitative data using the Likert scale in table 1 . Table 1. Likert Scale Information Score Strongly agree 5 Agree 4 Doubt 3 Disagree 2 Strongly disagree 1 Sumber :(Sugiyono,2014:93 ) Then calculate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 186, "top": 327, "width": 341, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the average using the formula (Sukarjo, 2006: 55): 𝑋̅ = ∑ 𝑥 𝑖 𝑁 𝑖=1 𝑁", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 368, "width": 152, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Information : 𝑋̅ ∶ score average 𝑥 𝑖 ∶ score from assessor to i 𝑁 ∶ many evaluators/respondents", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 352, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Next, determine the average criteria in the ideal rating criteria guideline in Table 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 438, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Ideal Assessment Criteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 453, "width": 246, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Score Range Qualitative Criteria 𝑋̅ > (M i + 1,8 SB i )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 374, "top": 484, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Very good", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 179, "top": 499, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(M i + 0,6 SB i ) < 𝑋̅ ≤ (M i + 1,8 SB i ) Well (M i - 0,6 SB i ) < 𝑋̅ ≤ (M i + 0,6 SB i )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 179, "top": 515, "width": 246, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pretty good (M i –1,8 SB i ) < 𝑋̅ ≤ (M i -0,6 SB i ) Less", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 546, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑋̅ ≤ (M i - 1,8 SB i )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 376, "top": 548, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Very less", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber :(Sukarjo,2006:53", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 578, "width": 129, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Information : 𝑋̅ ∶ score average 𝑀 𝑖 ∶ average ideal score 𝑆𝐵 𝑖 ∶ ideal standard deviation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Preliminary Research", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 690, "width": 421, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At this stage, interviews were conducted with mathematics teachers at SMP Negeri 5 Yogyakarta and MTs Negeri Yogyakarta II teachers about the use of teaching materials in learning mathematics. Based on the results of interviews conducted, the following information was obtained:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 745, "width": 438, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Class IX students' mathematics books used in learning are less interesting and difficult for students to understand.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "361", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 73, "width": 421, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mathematics modules are subject to the rules of enumeration, permutations, and combinations not yet available in schools.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 101, "width": 421, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. There are learning difficulties on the subject of enumeration, permutation and combination rules for class IX.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 129, "width": 275, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Students have a high will to learn to use teaching materials.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 143, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. The teacher wants to make teaching materials but is constrained by time.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Data collection", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 170, "width": 421, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After studying and understanding the data obtained from preliminary research, it is necessary to develop a module teaching materials for high school students in grade XI. The researcher conducts a reference study on the approach, strategy, and scope of material to be presented in the module. The three components were discussed with supervisors and mathematics teachers in class XI of SMA N 1 Godean and SMA N 1 Seyegan. Based on the results of discussions conducted by researchers will develop a mathematical module with a contextual approach on the subject of the rules of enumeration, permutation and combination through a think pair share strategy with several considerations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Preparation of Learning Modules", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 295, "width": 420, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The steps of composing the module refer to the steps of composing the module based on Andi Prastowo (2014: 119-131), namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 323, "width": 109, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Curriculum Analysis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 337, "width": 259, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Determine the titles of Learning Activities in the module", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 351, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Module Writing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 365, "width": 421, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. In making the module the researcher consults with the supervisor. After making the module, the module is printed in the form of a book which then goes through the validation stage.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 442, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Product Validation Module design validation is done in terms of material and media. The module design validation in terms of material was done by 2 material experts, namely UAD Mathematics Education lecturers and mathematics teachers at Seyegan 1 High School. Whereas media validation was carried out by Yogyakarta Mathematics P4TK staff. At this stage, the researcher submits the modules that have been made and the module research instruments to the material expert and the media expert. In this validation activity, the module's weaknesses and weaknesses are known and the researchers make revisions. After the revision, media experts and material experts then fill in the research instruments that have been made. From the results of the questionnaire, the eligibility of material experts obtained an average of 84 material expert assessment results which showed that the module included in both categories. While the results of the calculation of the eligibility questionnaire of media experts amounted to 93 which showed that the module was included in either category.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Product Testing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 573, "width": 421, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The module testing was conducted in two schools, namely Godean 1 High School and Seyegan 1 High School. Trials were conducted twice at each school by taking a sample of class IX students of 6 students from SMA Negeri 1 Godean and 6 students from SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan in a small class trial. Whereas in large classes with each school taking 20 students. Researchers guided directly the product testing process accompanied by mathematics teachers in both schools.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 643, "width": 421, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Due to time constraints, students do not study one module in full, but two students study one learning activity for one week. Product trial I went smoothly at both schools. During the second meeting on product trial I the researcher took back the modules that students had studied, then gave a post-test problem to measure students' understanding of the material in the modules that had been studied. While studying the module, respondents also work on the activities of the module, fill in the motivational sentences presented in the module, and work on the evaluation questions. Respondents were given questionnaires for student responses and provided input for module improvement. Then the inputs from students in the first product trial are followed up by improving the contents of the mathematical module products in accordance with the inputs provided by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "362", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 73, "width": 421, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "students. In large class trials, the researchers also conducted an analysis of the contents of the modules to see their implementation in students. Some module contents analyzed are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 101, "width": 171, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Analysis of motivational sentences", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 115, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Analysis of the learning process using modules", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 129, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Analysis of student learning outcomes (Pre-Test and Post-Test)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 143, "width": 414, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The second trial process ended by giving a questionnaire to students to determine students' responses to the modules that were developed. Based on the questionnaire responses of these students obtained an average score of 110.21 which is included in both categories.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Product Revision", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 198, "width": 421, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revisions were made to improve and perfect the product. Based on input from material experts and media experts, revisions were made to improve product design. The revised results are then shown back to the material experts and media experts. After the revision is correct, the module is then tested on students. after the trial, the module is then revised again. The results of this revision became the final product, the mathematics module with a contextual approach, the subject of enumeration, permutation and combination rules.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the data analysis technique used, the data obtained from the expert material assessment, media expert assessment, and student response test were processed and the results are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Feasibility test by material experts", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 442, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Product viability is assessed by two material experts. The first material expert was a mathematics education lecturer at Ahmad Dahlan University in the field of Opportunities / Statistics, Nur Arina Hidayati, M.Sc and material expert 2 was a mathematics teacher at Seyegan 1 High School namely Totok Triyadi, S.Sc. The assessment of the results of the questionnaire eligibility by material experts can be seen in the following Table 3:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 420, "width": 265, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Results of Feasibility Calculations by Material Expert", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 194, "top": 435, "width": 221, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Assessment Total score Qualitative Criteria 1 Material expert 1 87 Very good 2 Material expert 2 81 Well Average 84 Well", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Table 3, it can be seen that the average score of material expert assessment results is 84 which shows that the product developed is seen in terms of material included in both categories.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Feasibility test by media experts", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 557, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The feasibility of the product in terms of media is assessed by media experts. The referred media expert is the staff of PPPPTK Mathematics in Yogyakarta namely Dr. Sumardiyono. The assessment of the results of the eligibility questionnaire calculations by media experts can be seen in Table 4 as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 613, "width": 363, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Results of the Calculation of the Eligibility Questionnaire for Media Experts", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 627, "width": 237, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Assessment Total score Qualitative Criteria 1 Material expert 1 93 Well Rata-rata 93 Well", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 687, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Table 4 it can be seen that the average score of the results of the assessment of media experts is 93 which shows that the product developed is seen in terms of the media included in both categories.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "363", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Student Response Test", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 87, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The student's response test to the product is known based on the results of the questionnaire given and filled out by students. The percentage of the results of the questionnaire responses of students to the product can be seen in the cake diagram as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 129, "width": 352, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diagram 1 . Percentage Calculation of Eligibility for Small Class Student Response", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 254, "width": 352, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diagram 2. Percentage Calculation of Eligibility for Large Class Student Response", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 99, "top": 393, "width": 428, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both diagrams show the percentage of student responses when testing small classes and large classes. While the average results of the assessment of student responses to the module can be seen in the following table 5:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 435, "width": 291, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Assessment Average score Category Trial small classes SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan and SMA Negeri 1 Godean 98,67 Well Trial small classes SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan and SMA Negeri 1 Godean 121,75 Very good Average 110,21 Well", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Table 5 it can be seen that students' responses to modules in the good category are shown with an average score of 110.21 So, it can be concluded that the modules developed in the good category for use in learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 443, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This developmental research has succeeded in developing a mathematical module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration, permutation and combination rules for class XI high schools referring to the steps of preparing modules based on the research and development model of Research and Development (R & D) from Sugiyono's book and writing guidelines module from the Ministry of National Education 2008. In addition, the module content is based on learning steps with a contextual approach through the Think Pair Share (TPS) strategy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 443, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Modules that have been developed are appropriate for use in learning based on the results of the assessment of media experts and material experts as well as the responses of students of class XI in SMA Negeri 1 Godean Sleman and SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan Sleman. The results of the module assessment by media experts obtained an average score of 93 with good criteria and material experts obtained an average score of 84 with good criteria. While the results of student responses to the module included in both categories with an average score of 110.21 questionnaire calculations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 157, "width": 79, "height": 199, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "good 67% enough 33% Small Class Trial very good 70% good 30% Large Class Trial", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2355-8199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AdMathEduSt| Vol.4 No.7| Juli 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "364", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 442, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on students' testing of the activities in the modules presented through the think pair share strategy, it was concluded that the strategy can further assist students in learning modules without much contribution from the teacher. In addition, students' opinions on motivational sentences can be concluded that students get the indicated motivation which influences their learning attitude.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 442, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While the assessment of media experts and material experts as well as students' responses to the module, it can be concluded that the mathematics module with a contextual approach to the subject of enumeration rules, permutations, and combinations through think pair share strategies for class XI high school is feasible to be used in learning in SMA Negeri 1 Godean and SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the students' opinion on the Himalayas it was concluded that the students received teachings about spiritual and social values through the wisdom story that was read. In addition, based on student response questionnaires, students think that learning by using algebra modules is good, modules have an attractive appearance, modules make it easy for students to learn algebra, and modules contain good questions and can attract students to learn algebra material.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCESS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daryanto. 2013. Menyusun Modul Bahan Ajar untuk Persiapan Guru dalam Mengajar. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 443, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (Depdiknas).2008. Panduan Penulisan Modul. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Direktorat Jenderal Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Atas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 442, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muslich, Mansur. 2008. Pembelajaran Berbasis Kompetensi dan Kontekstual . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Prastowo, Andi. 2014. Panduan Kreatif Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif . Yogyakarta: DIVA Pres. Sugiyono. 2014. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 443, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sukarjo. 2006. Kumpulan Materi Evaluasi Pembelajaran . Yogyakarta: Jurusan Teknologi Pembelajaran Pasca Sarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 415, "top": 45, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "| No.1 | Vol. 3 | Hal 25 - 34", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 57, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN (E): 2716-4667", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 454, "top": 57, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 220, "top": 776, "width": 157, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA - 25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 118, "width": 448, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan Bentuk dan Tatanan Massa Bangunan Akibat Penambahan Fungsi Bangunan di Paskal Hypersquare Bandung", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 116, "top": 189, "width": 369, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi Parliana 1 , Reza Pahlawan 1 , Rionaldi Gumilar 1 , Rizki Aditya N. 1 , Luthfi Fauzan F.A. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 216, "width": 288, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Itenas, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 284, "width": 52, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 302, "width": 428, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare adalah sebuah kawasan komersial yang berlokasi di kawasan pusat kota Bandung. Meningkatnya pembangunan pusat perbelanjaan di kota Bandung memberikan pengaruh terhadap kawasan ini. Hal ini ditunjang oleh lokasi strategis karena dekat dengan Stasiun Kereta Api dan Bandara, mudahnya pencapaian dan masih memungkinkan melakukan perluasan lahan dengan membeli lahan perkampungan yang terletak di bagian belakangnya. Sejalan dengan perluasan lahan maka terjadi pula penambahan fungsi baru, yaitu Mal Paskal 23 yang menjadi sebuah destinasi wisata tidak hanya oleh masyarakat Bandung tetapi juga masyarakat dari luar Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dampak dari ekspansi atau perluasan lahan terhadap tata guna lahan, bentuk dan massa bangunan di kawasan Paskal Hypersquare. Studi dimulai dengan studi literatur untuk mencari tahu sejarah dan kondisi awal pusat perbelanjaan ini. Dengan melakukan observasi ke lapangan diperoleh data perubahan dan penambahan massa bangunan untuk fungsi lain, yaitu hotel dan pendidikan. Ke dua fungsi baru tersebut bukan merupakan fungsi perdagangan. Apakah penambahan fungsi baru ini sesuai dengan RDTR kota Bandung? Diharapkan kasus ekstensi yang terjadi pada beberapa pusat perbelanjaan di kota Bandung dapat sejalan dengan RDTR sehingga pembangunan pusat perbelanjaan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan Daerah yang berdampak terhadap meningkatnya pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat kota Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 401, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : Paskal Hypersquare, Ekstensi, Tata Guna Lahan, Bentuk dan Massa Bangunan, Aspek Bangunan penulisan, persiapan makalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 534, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 553, "width": 428, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Paskal Hypersquare area is a commercial area located in the downtown area of Bandung. The increasing development of shopping centers in Bandung city has an influence on this area. This is supported by a strategic location, close to the Railway Station and Airport, easy to reach and it is still possible to expand the land by buying a village located at the back. In line with the expansion of the land, there was also the addition of a new function, namely Paskal 23 Mall which became a tourist destination not only by Bandung’ people but also people from outside Bandung. This research aims to study the impact of land expansion or expansion on land use, building form and massing in the Paskal Hypersquare area. The study begins with a literature study to find out the history and initial condition of this shopping center.By field observation data on changes and additions of building mass for other functions are obtained, namely hotels and education. Both are not trading functions. Is the new function addition in accordance with the RDTR of Bandung? It is hoped that the extension cases that occur in several shopping centers in Bandung city can be in line with the RDTR so that the development of shopping centers can increase regional income which has an impact on increasing the income and welfare of Bandung.city’s people.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 408, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Paskal Hypersquare, Extension, Land Use, Building Form and Massing, Building Aspects", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 45, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi Parliana dkk.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 776, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA – 26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 251, "top": 74, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bandung sebagai ibu kota menjadi salah satu motor roda perekonomian yang besar pengaruhnya bagi Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hal ini terlihat dari perkembangan pusat perbelanjaan (Mal) di Kota Bandung yang berkembang pesat. Saat ini terdapat lebih dari 23 Mal yang tersebar di beberapa lokasi untuk melayani tidak hanya kota Bandung tetapi ber skala provinsi. Kondisi ini dapat mempertahankan citra kota Bandung sebagai surga belanja yang menjadikan pusat perbelanjaan sebagai daya tarik dan menjadi destinasi wisatawan berkunjung ke kota Bandung. Perkembangan mal di Kota Bandung mengalami transformasi karena penambahan fungsi dan massa bangunan. Pada kurun waktu 3 tahun, tahun 2014 hingga 2017 terdapat sembilan mal (sewa dan strata) baru di kota Bandung, seperti diutarakan R. Darwis dkk [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 456, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain mal, wisatawan tertarik pula mengunjungi berbagai pusat perbelanjaan di kota Bandung. Kunjungan ini terutama pada beberapa pusat perbelanjaan (Shopping Centre) yang menggabungkan perdagangan eceran atau ritel dalam satu bangunan atau sebuah komplek, salah satunya adalah Paskal Hypersquare. Melihat kepada pengertiannya penggabungan beberapa ritel ini masih sesuai dengan definisi pusat perbelanjaan, yaitu sebuah bangunan yang terdiri dari beberapa toko eceran, terdapat satu atau lebih toko serba ada, toko grosir, dan tempat parkir, seperti dituliskan oleh Ms. K Hameli [2] dan M.Pitt and Z.N Musa [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 340, "width": 456, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Paskal Hypersquare adalah kawasan pertokoan relative baru di Kota Bandung yang saat ini telah menambahkan beberapa fungsi baru, seperti mal, hotel, dan kampus. Sebelum direnovasi kawasan ini merupakan kompleks ruko dan food court dengan nama Paskal Hypersquare yang dibangun pada lahan seluas ± 117.000 m2. Setelah menambah luas lahan, didirikanlah Mal Paskal 23 yang menjadi sebuah shopping mall dan menjadi pusat ritel fesyen dengan brand-brand ternama baik brand lokal maupun brand Internasional. Bangunan Mal Paskal 23 menawarkan sebuah bangunan yang nyaman dan leluasa dalam berbelanja dengan gaya arsitektur modern. Lokasi Paskal Hypersquare di kawasan pusat kota serta dekat dengan salah satu gerbang masuk Kota Bandung yaitu Stasiun Kereta Api mempengaruhi perkembangan dan pertumbuhannya. Oleh karenanya Paskal Hypersquare menarik untuk dijadikan bahan kajian khususnya mengenai elemen perancangan kota yang berkaitan dengan aspek urban infill development seperti dituturkan C. Munyati and J.H Drummond yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan ruang terbuka hijau di kota [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 456, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun yang dimaksud dengan elemen massa kota menurut Hamid Shirvani (1985) adalah land use, building form and massing, circulation and parking, open space, pedestrian ways, activity support, signage and preservation [5]. Sedangkan menurut Madanipour (2017) bentuk dan massa bangunan yang direncanakan dapat membentuk sebuah kota dan membentuk hubungan antar bangunan yang sudah ada (6). Selain teori dari ke dua pakar tersebut aspek aspek lain yang dikaji adalah: warna, tekstur, material, skala, langgam, Garis Sempadan Bangunan, KDB, KLB, kepejalan dan ketinggian bangunan, massa kota serta kontekstual dengan bangunan di sekitarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 606, "width": 456, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan perluasan lahan terdapat massa bangunan yang membentuk skyline kawasan. Menurut perkumpulan arsitek dunia International Union Architect dikatakan bahwa skyline adalah keseluruhan atau sebagian titik pandang kota yang terdiri dari gedung-gedung dan berbagai ornamen kota yang membelakangi langit. Dengan kata lain, skyline dapat menjadi sebuah artifisial garis langit yang dibentuk dari keseluruhan ornamen sebuah kota. Skyline memiliki fungsi layaknya sidik jari bagi sebuah kota, sehingga tidak pernah ada dua atau lebih kota yang memiliki ciri yang sama dalam hal titik pandangnya. [7][8].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 456, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana perkembangan perubahan tatanan massa bangunan perluasan dengan penambahan tiga fungsi baru. Selain itu apakah penambahan ketinggian bangunan akan berpengaruh terhadap skyline yang terbentuk pada kawasan tersebut, Bagaimana adaptasi bentuk massa baru terhadap bangunan lama sehingga dapat menjaga keharmonisan kawasan?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 45, "width": 363, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan Bentuk dan Tatanan Massa Bangunan Akibat Penambahan Fungsi Bangunan di Paskal Hypersquare Bandung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 777, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERACOTTA – 27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 80, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diharapkan studi ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi perancang kota dan arsitektur dengan memberikan pengetahuan mengenai pengembangan sebuah kawasan kota yang menambah fungsi baru sehingga dapat menambah wawasan mengenai sebuah transformasi pada kawasan kota..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 143, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 182, "width": 456, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kajian perubahan massa bangunan Paskal Hypersquare dengan penambahan Mal Paskal 23, pendekatan studi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis [9][10], yaitu suatu studi yang menggambarkan kondisi objek sebelum dan setelah adanya perubahan secara diakronik. Metode ini digunakan untuk membahas penambahan Mal Paskal 23 ditinjau dari teori urban design Hamid Shirvani yang membahas mengenai elemen kota serta bentuk dan massa bangunan terhadap elemen yang terbentuk di kawasan Paskal Hypersquare. Dilakukan observasi ke lapangan untuk mencari data mengenai perubahan tatanan, bentuk massa dan elemen kota yang baru. Setelah itu data diolah untuk didefinisikan sehingga dapat menginterpretasikan hal yang dibahas secara teratur dan sistematis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 309, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 348, "width": 456, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi ini akan menganalisis Tata Guna Lahan dan Zoning Kawasan, Kulit Bangunan yang meliputi: warna, tekstur, material dana langgam. Selain itu dianalisis pula mengenai Intensitas bangunan yang meliputi: KDB (Koefisien Dasar Bangunan), KLB (Koefisien Lantai Bangunan), GSB (Garis Sempadan Bangunan),skala bangunan, skyline dan kontekstual bangunan Paskal Hypersquare terhadap bangunan di sekitarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 424, "width": 209, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1. Tata Guna Lahan dan Zoning Kawasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 436, "width": 301, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zoning pada kawasan pada umumnya adalah perdagangan dan jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 458, "width": 457, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Terdapat beberapa fungsi di dalam kawasan Paskal Hypersquare yaitu bangunan ruko, area parkir, bangunan mal Paskal 23. Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare berada pada kawasan dengan tata guna lahan yang sesuai dengan yang direncanakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung seperti tertera pada RDTR Kota Bandung. Terlihat zoning kawasan yang sesuai dengan tata guna lahan (gambar 3.1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 691, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.1 Zoning Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 717, "width": 456, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Pembangunan gedung Mal 23 diletakan pada lahan perluasan yang semula adalah kampung sehingga Mal 23 mempunyai dua akses; dari depan (Jl. Pasirkaliki) dan samping belakang (Jl. Kebon Jati). Oleh karenanya pembangunan massa baru ini tidak mengganggu aktifitas di Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 45, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi Parliana dkk.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 776, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA – 28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 442, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sehingga memberikan keleluasaan ruang pada saat pelaksanaan pembangunan. Setelah perluasan bentuk tapak persegi panjang, menjorok ke belakang dan merupakan bentuk tapak yang cukup ideal untuk perancangan sebuah pusat perbelanjaan, seperti terlihat pada gambar 3.2 di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 363, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.2 Rencana Site Paskal 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 404, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Analisis Kulit Bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 424, "width": 445, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aspek bangunan yang akan dikaji pada bagian ini antara lain warna, material, tekstur, dan langgam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 445, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Aspek warna bangunan warna yang ada di alam terdiri dari 4 kelompok warna, yaitu: warna primer, sekunder, tersier, dan warna netral. Warna pada kawasan terdiri dari beraneka warna: pada entrance memakai warna terakota (gambar 3.3), kemudian beraneka warna dasar: merah, kuning, merah muda, dan biru pada bangunan ruko (lihat gambar 3.4), sesuai dengan selera pemilik ruko, serta warna monokrom hitam, abu, dan putih pada bangunan Mal Paskal 23, seperti terlihat gambar 3.5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 671, "width": 257, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.3 Warna Entrance Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 152, "top": 138, "width": 241, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pusat Perbelanjaan Rencana Ruko Ruko Akses Jalan Café Bangunan Parkir Motor Heritage Bangunan 4 Lantai Condotel Bak Sampah", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 119, "top": 45, "width": 363, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan Bentuk dan Tatanan Massa Bangunan Akibat Penambahan Fungsi Bangunan di Paskal Hypersquare Bandung", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 777, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERACOTTA – 29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 207, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.4 Warna Bangunan Ruko", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 373, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.5 Warna Mal Paskal 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 398, "width": 456, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Aspek material fasade pada bangunan ; Sustainable Arsitektur dalam konsep terapan arsitektur mendukung konsep berkelanjutan yang terutama berkaitan dengan penggunaan material bangunan. Konsep ini bertujuan untuk mempertahankan keberadaan sumber daya alam. Hal ini berkaitan dengan umur, potensi vital sumber daya alam dan lingkungan ekologis manusia, seperti sistem iklim planet, sistem pertanian, industri, kehutanan, dan arsitektur. Material yang digunakan pada façade bangunan-bangunan dapat dilihat pada penjelasan (tabel 3.6) di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 498, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3.6 Material pada Mal Paskal 23", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 155, "top": 523, "width": 337, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Elemen Bangunan Material Material yang digunakan pada bangunan entrance menggunakan perpaduan kaca dan aluminium", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 303, "top": 647, "width": 189, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Material yang digunakan pada bagian fasad bangunan ruko ialah perpaduan kaca dan dinding ½ bata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 45, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi Parliana dkk.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 776, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA – 30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 155, "top": 75, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Elemen Bangunan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 381, "top": 75, "width": 40, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Material", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 89, "width": 189, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Material pada Mal Paskal 23 yaitu dinding 1/2 bata dengan kulit bangunan perpaduan Aluminium Composite Panel, beton, dan kaca", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 218, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Aspek tekstur material bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artificial texture atau tekstur buatan adalah tekstur yang dibuat dan merupakan hasil kreatifitas, seperti: kertas, logam, kaca, plastik. Adapun natural texture adalah wujud permukaan bahan yang terdapat di alam, bukan buatan tangan manusia, seperti: batu, pasir, kayu, rumput, dan sebagainya. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan tekstur primer adalah tekstur yang terdapat pada bahan yang hanya dapat dilihat dari jarak dekat, sedangkan tekstur sekunder adalah tekstur yang dibuat dalam skala tertentu untuk memberikan kesan visual yang proporsional dari jarak jauh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 307, "width": 443, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bangunan ruko di kawasan Paskal Hypersquare mempunyai tekstur yang halus jika dilihat dari jarak pandang tertentu karena menggunakan finishing cat dengan efek yang halus. Bagian entrance memiliki tekstur yang halus karena menggunakan material Aluminium Composite Panel (ACP) dan kaca. Bangunan Mal Paskal 23 memiliki tekstur yang halus karena menggunakan material ACP pada beberapa bagian fasadnya (gambar 3.7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 449, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.7 Tekstur Ruko Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 473, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Langgam Bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada beberapa bangunan yang ada di kawasan Paskal Hyper Square menggunakan campuran langgam vernakular dan modern. Kondisi ini terlihat pada bentuk bangunan yang melintasi iklim seperti penggunaan atap datar dan bentuk bangunan modern yang mengikuti konsep form follows function . Akan tetapi di beberapa aspek kawasan Paskal Hypersquare juga memperhatikan budaya sekitar yang dapat dilihat dari penggunaan dekorasi dengan material tradisional berupa bambu sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kawasan ini mengkolaborasikan 2 langgam, modern dan vernakular bisa dillihat pada gambar 3.8 ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 753, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.8 Langgam Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 45, "width": 363, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan Bentuk dan Tatanan Massa Bangunan Akibat Penambahan Fungsi Bangunan di Paskal Hypersquare Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 777, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERACOTTA – 31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 80, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3. Intensitas Bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 354, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada bagian ini akan dikaji mengenai berbagai peraturan dan Skyline bangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 456, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Aspek Koefisien Dasar Bangunan ; Berdasarkan pada peraturan RTRW Kota Bandung tahun 2011, menerangkan bahwa kawasan perdagangan dan jasa untuk sub wilayah kota KDB sebesar 70 % dengan Koefisien Dasar Hijau (KDH) 20%. Hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan RDTR kota sebagai kawasan komersial yang berlokasi di pusat kota dan berada di jalan arteri. Kondisi ini telah dipenuhi oleh pembangunan di kawasan Paskal Hypersquare 70, seperti pada gambar 3.9 di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 451, "width": 238, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.9 Perhitungan Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 175, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Aspek Koefisien Lantai Bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan peraturan RTRW Kota Bandung tahun 2011, kawasan perdagangan dan jasa untuk sub wilayah kota KLB sebesar 2,8 (luas lantai maksimal 40.000 m2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 3.10 menunjukkan potongan kawasan Paskal Hypersquare, terlihat tinggi bangunan Mal Paskal 23 sebanyak 3 lantai, hotel 6 lantai, dan kampus 9 lantai. Hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan kawasan setempat yang tertera pada RDTR kawasan yaitu KLB sebesar 2,8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 743, "width": 218, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.10 Ketinggian Bangunan Mal Paskal 23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 259, "top": 45, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi Parliana dkk.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 776, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA – 32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Garis Sempadan Bangunan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pada peraturan RTRW Kota Bandung tahun 2011, kawasan perdagangan dan jasa untuk sub wilayah kota GSB pada jalan arteri memiliki standar minimum 15 m. Garis Sempadan Bangunan (GSB) pada kawasan Paskal Hypersquare adalah 25 m sedangkan jarak dengan tetangga selebar 3,5 m, kondisi ini mengacu pada peraturan kawasan setempat tentang GSB pada kelas jalan arteri. (gambar 3.11)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 328, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.11 Garis Sempadan Bangunan pada Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 351, "width": 40, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Skala", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perbandingan proporsi antara manusia dengan pohon 1 : 2, manusia dengan bangunan 1 : 10, dan bangunan dengan pohon 1 : 5. Pengamatan secara visual di lapangan, dengan adanya fungsi public pada bangunan bangunan di kawasan Paskal Hypersquare ,dapat di simpulkan bahwa skala megah lebih mendominasi di kawasan tersebut, Hal ini dikarenakan terdapat bangunan-bangunan tinggi dan badan jalan yang sangat lebar, seperti gambar 3.12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 579, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.12 Skala Perbandingan Kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 203, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Kontekstual terhadap Bangunan sekitar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 456, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bangunan di kawasan Paskal Hypersquare didominasi oleh bangunan modern dengan bentuk dasar persegi dan persegi panjang regular, serta tidak memiliki langgam yang kontras secara spesifik sehingga hubungan antara Mal Paskal 23 dengan bangunan eksisting terlihat harmoni (gambar 3.13).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 45, "width": 363, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan Bentuk dan Tatanan Massa Bangunan Akibat Penambahan Fungsi Bangunan di Paskal Hypersquare Bandung", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 777, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERACOTTA – 33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 169, "top": 191, "width": 258, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.13 Kontekstual pada Kawasan Pasal Hypersquare", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 215, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F. Skyline", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 228, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skyline yang terbentuk pada kawasan Paskal Hypersquare secara keseluruhan membentuk garis yang dinamis bergelombang. Terbentuk ruang ruang di antara bangunan tinggi, dan tidak terbentuk massa yang membentuk benteng masif. Secara skala keseluruhan bangunan terlihat cukup proporsional, seperti pada gambar 3.14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 715, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3.14 Skyline pada kawasan Paskal Hypersquare", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 259, "top": 45, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi Parliana dkk.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 776, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA – 34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 248, "top": 74, "width": 103, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 457, "height": 213, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tata guna lahan pada kawasan Paskal Hypersquare berada di zona merah dengan fungsi perdagangan dan jasa yang sesuai dengan RDTR Kota Bandung. Tetapi pada bangunan Mal Paskal 23 terdapat beberapa fungsi. seperti mal (perdagangan), hotel (jasa) dan kampus (pendidikan) sehingga tidak sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Sedangkan KDB (Koefisien Dasar Bangunan), KLB (Koefisien Lantai Bangunan), GSB (Garis Sempadan Bangunan) tidak melebihi aturan yang ditetapkan. Adapun warna yang bervariasi membuat kawasan lebih semarak dipadukan dengan kombinasi langgam arsitektur modern dan vernakular yang diterapkan pada bangunan di kompleks tersebut. Bangunan Mal 23 terlihat megah selayaknya sebuah pusat perbelanjaan modern sehingga dapat mencerminkan sebagai kawasan perdagangan yang berkelas. Hal ini diperkuat dengan skyline bangunan yang menjadi daya tarik kawasan dan ciri khas dari Paskal Hyper Square dengan deretan ruko yang terlihat harmonis dengan kawasan sekitarnya. Paskal Hypersquare berhasil menarik banyak wisatawan berkunjung ke kota Bandung, bentuknya yang berbeda dengan mal pada umumnya, lokasi strategis yang mudah di akses menjadi sebuah nilai positif. Selain itu fasilitas lengkap yang terdapat pada kompleks Paskal Hyper Square , seperti perbelanjaan, retail, restaurant, food court , hotel dan campus menjadikan kawasan ini sebagai one stop shopping yang ramai dikunjungi terutama pada akhir minggu dan hari libur nasional. Diharapkan pada masa pandemic dengan aturan kesehatan yang ketat Paskal Hypersquare dapat tetap menjadi fasilitas perbelanjaan yang aman dan nyaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 344, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 370, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini tidak dapat diselesaikan tanpa adanya bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang telah terlibat baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Pada kesempatan ini kami menghaturkan rasa terimakasih yang tak terhingga kepada Bapak Andre, selaku staf DISTARU (Dinas Tata Ruang) Kota Bandung dan Bapak Vava Bensa Delaranto,S.T selaku General Manager - Project Development PT INDONESIAN PARADISE PROPERTY, TBK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 471, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 493, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] R. Darwis, R. A. Hendraningrum, and Y. Adriani, “Kelayakan Fasilitas Publik Dalam Kawasan Industri Wisata Belanja Di Kota Bandung : Studi Kasus Terhadap Toilet Dan Musola,” J. Kaji. Bahasan dan Pariwisata , 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 448, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] Ms. K. Hameli, “A Literature Review of Retailing Sector and Business Retailing Types,” Ilir. Int. Rev. , vol. 8, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.21113/iir.v8i1.386.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 557, "width": 448, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] M. Pitt and Z. N. Musa, “Towards defining shopping centres and their management systems,” J. Retail Leis. Prop. , vol. 8, no. 1, 2009, doi: 10.1057/rlp.2008.25.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] C. Munyati and J. H. Drummond, “Loss of urban green spaces in Mafikeng, South Africa,” World Dev. Perspect. , vol. 19, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100226.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 609, "width": 449, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] H. Shirvani, “The Urban Design Process,” Newyork: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company , 1985.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 286, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[6] A. Madanipour, Urban Design, Space and Society . 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 446, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[7] A. W. Puspitasari and J. Kwon, “A Reliable Method for Visibility Analysis of Tall Buildings and Skyline: A Case Study of Tall Buildings Cluster in Jakarta,” J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng. , vol. 00, no. 00, pp. 1–12, 2020, doi: 10.1080/13467581.2020.1787839.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 673, "width": 437, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[8] T. De Matteis, S. Di Girolamo, and G. Mencagli, “Continuous skyline queries on multicore architectures,” Concurr. Comput. , vol. 28, no. 12, 2016, doi: 10.1002/cpe.3866.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 696, "width": 446, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[9] K. London and M. Ostwald, “Architectural Research Methods,” Nexus Netw. J. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 51–53, 2004, doi: 10.1007/s00004-004-0006-7.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 721, "width": 446, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[10] R. Luck, “Design research, architectural research, architectural design research: An argument on disciplinarity and identity,” Des. Stud. , vol. 65, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.destud.2019.11.001.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 306, "top": 797, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 88, "width": 390, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGUNGKAPAN SEKSUALITAS DIRI PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @SISILISM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 132, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nirra Swastika 1 , Nanang Krisdinanto 2 , Brigitta Revia Sandy Fista 3*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 144, "width": 288, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3) Communication Science Department, Faculty of Communication Science, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia *Penulis korespondensi; Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 457, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seksualitas pada diri individu cenderung disembunyikan dan tidak dibagikan. Penelitian ini fokus pada pengalaman dan pemaknaan subjek akan seksualitas sehingga dapat melakukan pengungkapan diri (self-disclosure) pada media sosial Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, jenis penelitian deskriptif, serta metode penelitian fenomenologi dimana peneliti membiarkan subjek secara aktif membentuk makna melalui sisi intersubyektifnya yaitu pengalaman yang pernah terjadi terkait seksualitas. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam untuk memperoleh hasil dari sudut pandang orang pertama, yakni Sisil. Dalam penelitian ini berhasil ditemukan bahwa Sisil memandang seksualitas sebagai kesenangan dan kenikmatan, sehingga ia berani melakukan pengungkapan diri dengan menceritakan pengalaman seksualitasnya di media sosial. Sisil melakukan pengungkapan di media sosial Instagram sebagai bentuk ekspresi diri untuk memenuhi kepuasannya dalam berbagi pengalaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 296, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Self-disclosure , Seksualitas, Instagram, Fenomenologi, Pemaknaan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 456, "height": 75, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sexuality in individuals tends to be hidden and not shared. This research will focus on experiences and the subject’s meaning on sexuality thus can be done by self-disclosure in social media Instagram. Qualitative approach, descriptive type research, also phenomenology type research were used in this research thus researcher can make a meaning actively from the intersubjective side that is based on the sexuality experiences. Interview was used to gather the data to earn the deep information from the first person point of view from Sisil. From this research, it can be concluded that Sisil’s view of sexuality as a pleasure and intimacy, which shapes her to self-disclosure by telling her sexual experiences on her social media platform. She did what she did on social media as a self expression to fulfil her enjoyment by sharing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Self-disclosure, Sexuality, Instagram, Phenomenology, Meaning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 487, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 221, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seseorang membutuhkan orang lain untuk berinter- aksi dan bersosialisasi. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa terkadang individu akan menyampaikan informasi tentang dirinya yang biasanya disembunyikan terkait pikiran, perasaan, bahkan perilaku. Devito (1997: 61) menjelaskan bahwa, bentuk komunikasi yang dilaku- kan sebagai self-disclosure (pengungkapan diri), yaitu penyampaian informasi yang cenderung ditutupi oleh pemilik informasi dan sebelumnya tidak diketahui oleh penerima, biasanya disembunyikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 221, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Temuan yang menarik dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengungkapan diri yang dilakukan ternyata tidak hanya terjadi pada komunikasi dan interaksi secara langsung antar manusia atau face-to-face , namun juga terjadi melalui perantara yaitu media sosial. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Duggan dan Brenner (dalam Chennamaneni dan Taneja, 2015: 1) menunjukkan bahwa 67 persen dari pengguna internet, mengguna- kan media sosial untuk berinteraksi satu dengan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 487, "width": 221, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "lainnya. Joinson, dkk (2011: 42) dalam penelitiannya juga menyebutkan bahwa pengguna media sosial secara konsisten terlibat dalam aktivitas pengungkap- an diri di media sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 551, "width": 221, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Kandari, dkk (2016: 87) mengatakan bahwa peng- guna Instagram dapat mengubah akunnya menjadi akun pribadi atau akun publik, sehingga mereka dapat mempersonalisasi profil mereka. Ketika pengguna telah menjadi pengikutnya, maka ia dapat melihat, menyukai, dan mengomentari apapun yang telah di- unggah akun tersebut. Media sosial Instagram me- rupakan media pengungkapan diri lewat foto yang diunggah pada akun Instagramnya yang nantinya akan dimaknai sebagai suatu sistem nilai tertentu (Nurudin dalam Ayub, dkk, 2017: 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 703, "width": 221, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bila pengungkapan diri memiliki arti bahwa secara sadar seseorang membocorkan sesuatu tentang dirinya yang bersifat pribadi atau rahasia, penelitian ini akan meneliti seorang pengguna media sosial Instagram yang menggunakan akun media sosialnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 49, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SCRIPTURA, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2021, 53-64", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 439, "top": 49, "width": 100, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: 10.9744/scriptura.11.2.53-64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 58, "width": 191, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 1978-385X (Print) / ISSN 2655-4968 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 52, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SCRIPTURA, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2021: 53-64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 797, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk membocorkan informasi tentang dirinya yang biasanya bersifat pribadi atau rahasia, yaitu @sisilism. Dikatakan sebagai pribadi atau rahasia, karena Sisil – pengelola akun Instagram @sisilism – sering meng- unggah unggahan bertema seksualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 164, "width": 221, "height": 199, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain di media sosial Instagram, Sisil memiliki platform lain untuk membuat konten-konten terkait seksualitas, seperti YouTube, Twitter, dan TikTok. Dalam aktivitasnya di YouTube, Sisil membuat kon- ten video dengan topik-topik yang telah ia tentukan, seperti pembahasan tentang kondom, ukuran penis, keamanan oral seks, lubrikan, pengalaman malam pertama, dan lain sebagainya. Berbeda dengan akti- vitasnya di Instagram, Sisil dalam platform YouTube cenderung tidak melakukan aktivitas pengungkapan diri, melainkan lebih cenderung mengedukasi dengan mendatangkan tamu seorang dokter atau orang-orang yang ahli di bidangnya sebagai narasumber. Gambar I.1 adalah akun YouTube Sisil dengan jumlah subs- criber sebanyak 193.000 dan jumlah unggahan se- banyak 68 video.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 379, "width": 221, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sama halnya dengan YouTube, pada platform Twitternya Sisil pun cenderung tidak melakukan pengungkapan diri. Akun Twitternya cenderung digunakan untuk mengungkapkan keluh kesah atau sebagai tempat curahan hati. Gambar I.2 adalah akun Twitternya dengan jumlah pengikut 17.400.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Akun YouTube SISILISM (Sumber: YouTube)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 57, "top": 761, "width": 202, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Akun Twitter @sisilism (Sumber: Twitter)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 292, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 171, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain Instagram, YouTube, dan Twitter, baru-baru ini Sisil mencoba media sosial yang sedang naik daun, yaitu TikTok. Pada media sosial TikTok ini, Sisil membuat konten edukasi serta hiburan yang masih ada kaitannya dengan seksualitas. Namun dari sekian banyak media sosial yang digunakan Sisil untuk membuat konten edukasi tentang seks, hanya di Instagram Sisil cenderung melakukan aktivitas peng- ungkapan diri dengan intensitas penggunaan yang cenderung sering. Itulah mengapa platform Instagram dipilih dari sekian media sosial lainnya. Di luar menyampaikan edukasi tentang seks, Sisil kerap memasukkan pengalaman-pengalamannya sehingga edukasi seks terdengar menjadi lebih provokasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 274, "width": 221, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tirto.id (2018) dalam artikelnya berjudul Pengetahu- an Seks adalah Tabu: Bikin Malu Sekaligus Penasar- an menuliskan adanya hasil survei yang diselenggara- kan situs BabyChild terhadap 1.700 orang tua anak usia 5-11 tahun. Hasilnya adalah 59 persen dari mereka tidak setuju dengan adanya pendidikan seks untuk anak dengan alasan tidak pantas menyampai- kan kepada buah hati mereka. Dikatakan dalam buku milik Wijana dan Rohmadi (2013: 111), tabu merupa- kan sesuatu yang menakutkan, tidak mengenakkan perasaan, tidak santun, dan tidak pantas. Di Indonesia, isu-isu terkait seksualitas yang seharusnya penting, malah dianggap tabu untuk dibicarakan di ranah publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 463, "width": 221, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil merupakan seorang pengguna Instagram dengan jumlah pengikut, yaitu 72 ribu pengikut dengan topiknya, yaitu seksualitas. Sisil menggunakan fitur Instastory, Instagram TV, dan Instagram feeds dalam membicarakan isu seksualitasnya. Menjadi menarik bagi peneliti karena media sosial pada dasarnya digunakan oleh banyak orang, sedangkan @sisilism banyak sekali menceritakan informasi terkait dirinya, terutama yang sering dianggap tabu orang banyak orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 600, "width": 221, "height": 171, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar I.2 merupakan salah satu unggahan Sisil pada salah satu Instastory-nya yang menjelaskan bahwa benda yang sedang dipegangnya (baca: dildo) merupakan benda yang penting bagi perempuan, karena Sisil menganggap bahwa vagina juga me- merlukan pijatan. Padahal, Wardhaugh (2006: 230) menyebut vagina merupakan salah satu organ genital yang tabu untuk disebutkan. Selain penyebutan alat kelamin, Sisil dalam unggahannya juga sempat mendefinisikan atau menjelaskan rasa, sensasi, serta kenikmatan yang akan diterima oleh perempuan ketika vaginanya dipijat oleh benda tersebut. Selain itu, Sisil juga menyebutkan pentingnya orgasme bagi perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 52, "width": 235, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Swastika : Pengungkapan Seksualitas Diri pada Media Sosial Instagram @sisilism", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 798, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 307, "width": 199, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Instastory @sisilism (Sumber: Instagram)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 221, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar I.3, Sisil menjawab salah satu pertanya- an mengenai pengaruh terlalu banyak berhubungan seks pada kesehatan. Dalam Instastory yang ber- bentuk video itu, Sisil menganggap bahwa ber- hubungan seks adalah sesuatu hal yang indah, bahkan dapat menjadi sarana dalam meningkatkan kualitas hubungan. Telah diketahui sebelumnya, bahwa seks merupakan hal yang tabu di Indonesia, namun pada media sosial Instagram @sisilism, Sisil mengupas, menjelaskan, serta bercerita mengenai seks dengan begitu terbuka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 468, "width": 200, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Well, I’m a high risk taker. Jadi gue memang suka mengambil risiko and noo, gue nggak bilang ke orang tua, ya. I mean yang gini-gini biasanya gue keep buat diri gue sendiri. Bahkan pertama kali mereka tau, ya kaget juga, bahkan nggak nerima. Tapi yaudah lama-lama gue bodo amat sama opini orang dan akhirnya keluarga ujung-ujungnya nerima juga, sih. Yes. Gue tipe yang mudah terbuka sama orang lain, keluarga juga. Tapi mereka tidak terlalu bisa menerima dengan lapang dada. Cuma, ya gimana? Ujung- ujungnya mereka akan terima juga, sih.” (Sisil, 19 November 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 221, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kutipan percakapan di atas merupakan ungkapan dari Sisil terkait keterbukaannya dalam hal seksualitas. Berdasarkan pernyataan yang disampaikan di atas, Sisil menjelaskan bahwa keputusannya dalam meng- ungkapkan informasi memang didasari oleh dirinya yang berani mengambil risiko. Padahal, self-disclo- sure memiliki risiko pula (Acquisti dan Gross, 2006: 37), yaitu tersebarnya informasi dan terganggunya privasi pemilik informasi yang menyebabkan cyberbullying, pengawasan, dan pencurian informasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun perlu diketahui bahwa terdapat pula beberapa alasan yang membuat seseorang memutuskan untuk menutup informasi privat, yaitu takut keberadaannya ditolak oleh orang di sekitar. Individu seringkali me- nyembunyikan informasi terhadap orang lain ketika kebutuhan individu tersebut untuk terbuka adalah rendah (West & Turner, 2010: 196).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 189, "width": 221, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal-hal inilah yang menjadikan pengungkapan diri pada media sosial Instagram @sisilism menarik untuk diteliti, karena hal-hal yang biasa dianggap tabu oleh masyarakat, bahkan disembunyikan dan dirahasiakan, malah diungkapkan dengan sangat terbuka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 265, "width": 221, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Petronio (2002: 3) menyatakan bahwa individu yang merasa menjadi pemilik utama dari informasi dapat mengontrol atas apa, kapan, dan kepada siapa infor- masi pribadi tersebut dibagikan. Ketika individu membuat keputusan untuk membuka atau menutup informasi privat individu tersebut memiliki kriteria tertentu. Dengan mengunggah konten-konten tabu di media sosial, banyak kemungkinan-kemungkinan buruk serta risiko yang diterima, seperti stigma buruk akan diri individu tersebut, konflik antar relasi, kehilangan pekerjaan, bahkan hambatan kerja (Romo, 2017: 174).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 429, "width": 222, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Communication privacy management (CPM) me- rupakan teori komunikasi yang menjelaskan proses pengungkapan diri baik dalam lingkungan sosial atau internet (Petronio dalam Chennamaneni dan Taneja, 2015: 2). Teori ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana individu mengungkapkan dirinya serta mengelola batas privasi mereka akan informasi pribadi. Menarik bagi peneliti sebenarnya bagaimana informasi pribadi seseorang yang disampaikan melalui media sosial yang dapat dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang. Sosial media kini menyediakan lahan bagi seseorang untuk menemukan teman baru, menjalin hubungan yang baik dengan teman, keluarga, dan masih banyak lagi. Gaya komunikasi kini semakin mudah dan cepat dengan adanya computer-mediated communication (CMC). CMC diartikan sebagai komunikasi atau pertukaran informasi yang dilakukan lewat jaringan komputer (Tomic dalam Astuti, 2011: 217-218).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 670, "width": 221, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini akan terfokus pada pengungkapan diri individu mengenai informasi dirinya yang berkaitan tentang seks yang dilakukan di media sosial Insta- gram dengan jumlah pengikut yang terbilang banyak. Penelitian kali ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian fenomenologi. Peneliti me- milih menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif karena fokus pada pengungkapan diri akun @sisilism", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 52, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SCRIPTURA, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2021: 53-64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 797, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "di Instagram dan proses pengumpulan data nantinya peneliti akan mengamati serta wawancara yang kemudian dituangkan dalam bentuk laporan berupa gambar dan kata-kata. Pendekatan yang dipilih adalah fenomenologi dengan tujuan menggambarkan makna dari pengungkapan diri Sisil pada akun Instagram @sisilism yang digali melalui pengalaman Sisil dan peneliti membiarkan subjeknya menyampaikan peng- alaman serta pemaknaan tanpa memaksa jawaban yang akan disampaikan benar atau salah, melainkan netral.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 239, "width": 138, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 263, "width": 221, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun penelitian sebelumnya mengenai self-disclo- sure yang telah dilakukan oleh Apolonaris Davianus (2019) tentang Studi Fenomenologi Self-disclosure PSK terhadap Anak. Penelitian tersebut berfokus pada pengungkapan diri PSK terhadap anak. Para PSK dalam interaksi sehari-harinya cenderung untuk me- nutupi pekerjaannya kepada keluarga dan anak karena didasari ketakutan serta malu bila diketahui dirinya adalah seorang PSK. Informasi tersebut berusaha untuk dirahasiakan dengan adanya pengungkapan diri demi menjaga perkembangan hubungan agar tetap ada derajat keintiman hubungan antara ibu dan anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 421, "width": 221, "height": 155, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, penelitian yang lain terkait Self-disclo- sure adalah Self-disclosure Individu pada Aktivitas Kencan Online (Studi pada Individu di Jejaring Sosial Facebook) yang diteliti oleh Yeanita Lestarina (2012) mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian tersebut di- tujukan guna menjelaskan pengungkapan diri indi- vidu saat melakukan kencan online di Facebook. Pada hasilnya, individu pelaku kencan online merasa lebih nyaman dalam berkomunikasi secara online diban- ding offline . Terdapat perbedaan pula pada keluasan serta kedalaman topik antara pria dan wanita saat awal hubungan atau setelah berjalan lebih lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 588, "width": 221, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meninjau dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu yang disebutkan sebelumnya, dari berbagai segi yaitu objek, subjek, serta metodologi, peneliti menemukan kebaruan yang disajikan dalam penelitian ini. Pada subjek penelitian dipilih sangat berbeda, yaitu salah satu pengguna media sosial Instagram yang terbilang memiliki banyak pengikut dan salah satu topik yang sering diangkatnya adalah seks yang masih dianggap tabu di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 709, "width": 233, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam konsep Self-disclosure atau pengungkapan diri (Devito, 1997: 61) mengatakan konsep self-disclosure biasanya digunakan untuk mengungkapkan informasi yang secara sadar. Devito (1997: 62) menjelaskan bahwa adanya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 88, "width": 226, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "self-disclosure , yaitu besaran kelompok, perasaan me- nyukai, efek diadik, kompetensi, kepribadian, topik, dan jenis kelamin. Meminjam pemikiran Derlega, dkk (dalam Devito, 1997: 62) kita akan membuka diri pada orang-orang yang disukai dan kita percayai. Pengungkapan diri ini juga dilakukan bila orang yang ada bersama dengan kita juga melakukan peng- ungkapan diri. Hal ini akan menimbulkan rasa aman, nyaman, dan memperkuat perilaku pengungkapan diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 221, "width": 221, "height": 131, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor berikutnya adalah kompetensi. Orang yang merasa dirinya kompeten akan merasa percaya diri yang diperlukan untuk lebih memanfaatkan self- disclosure. Serta orang-orang yang pandai bergaul, akan lebih banyak melakukan pengungkapan diri ketimbang orang-orang yang kurang berani bicara. Pengungkapan diri biasanya mengungkapkan infor- masi diri mengenai pekerjaan atau hobi, ketimbang kehidupan seks. Umumnya, makin pribadi dan makin sensitif topik yang diangkat, maka akan semakin kecil pula kemungkinannya dalam pengungkapan diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 366, "width": 221, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meminjam pemikiran dari Petronio (2002: 2), com- munication privacy management (CPM) menjelaskan mengenai seseorang pada dasarnya membuat pilihan antara mengungkapkan atau menyembunyikan infor- masi privat berdasarkan syarat serta kondisi tertentu terkait akses ke informasi-privat tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 451, "width": 221, "height": 192, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sandra Petronio menggunakan istilah ‘boundaries’ untuk menggambarkan adanya batasan pada setiap pesan yang diberikan oleh pemilik pesan (owner) kepada penerima pesan (co-owner). Dalam bukunya, Petronio juga menjelaskan adanya lima asumsi dasar dari CPM, yaitu private information, boundaries, control and ownership, rule-based management sys- tem, dan management dialectics (Petronio, 2002: 4). Private information yang dimaksud adalah hal-hal yang sifatnya privat dan dirahasiakan oleh pemilik pesan dari lingkungan sekitarnya. Pemilik pesan akan memberikan informasi privatnya kepada orang lain bila ada rasa keintiman (intimacy). Keintiman yang dimaksud meliputi rasa memahami secara mendalam baik dari sisi fisik, emosional, psikologis, dan beha- vioral kepada seseorang (Petronio, 2002: 6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 658, "width": 137, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 683, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian feno- menologi karena subjek penelitian ini, yaitu Sisil sebagai pengelola akun Instagram @sisilism akan secara aktif membentuk makna dari konten yang diangkat. Sisil sebagai pengelola akun Instagram @sisilism yang tinggal di Bali saat ini berusia 24 tahun dan aktif menjadi pembuat konten di Instagram", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 52, "width": 235, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Swastika : Pengungkapan Seksualitas Diri pada Media Sosial Instagram @sisilism", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 798, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mengenai hal-hal yang dianggap tabu di masyarakat, yaitu seks. Pemilihan subjek penelitian ini melalui banyak pertimbangan, salah satunya dikarenakan Sisil menurut peneliti dapat menyampaikan informasi apa adanya, tidak ada yang disembunyikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 164, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Realita dalam kegiatan sehari-harinya ialah salah satu hal yang terpenting dalam pembentukan makna oleh subjek penelitian. Penelitian fenomenologi meng- utamakan perspektif subjek penelitian berdasarkan dengan apa yang dilihat dan didapatkan, bukan dari perspektif dan idealisme peneliti terhadap fenomena yang akan diteliti (Barnawi dan Darojat (2018: 101).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Husserl (dalam Barnawi dan Darojat, 2018: 102) berpendapat bahwa semua orang memiliki kebenar- annya masing-masing dan dapat dicapainya sendiri. Melalui pendapat ini, fenomenologi bisa membantu peneliti dalam melihat Sisil dalam pengungkapan dirinya sebagai pembelajaran mengenai sifat dan makna konten yang tabu pada akun Instagramnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 222, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan merujuk pada Van Kaam dalam Kuswarno (2009:69) yaitu tahapan proses reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 417, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Reduksi data dilakukan dengan memilih dan mengkategorisasikan data yang didapat dari wawancara dengan informan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 222, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Informasi yang telah dipilih kemudian disajikan untuk kemudian dilakukan penarikan kesimpulan. (penarikan kesimpulan ini disebut verifikasi data, yaitu mengkonstuksi jawaban informan yang beragam)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 221, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil dalam penelitian ini bisa saja memiliki pe- mikiran dan pemaknaan yang berbeda mengenai seks dalam kehidupannya. Jika kebanyakan orang men- coba menghindari bahasan ini, bahkan dianggap tabu, bagi Sisil seks adalah hal yang baik untuk dibicarakan bahkan dengan terbuka membicarakannya di media sosial. Hal ini tentu saja didasari oleh pertimbangan sehingga dapat menceritakan kehidupan seksnya di media sosial Instagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 158, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 221, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fenomenologi erat kaitannya dengan epoche selama wawancara terjadi agar terhindar dari bias data, menghilangkan segala pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang sempat dimiliki sebelumnya, dan menjaga pene- liti agar tetap netral selama wawancara berlangsung (Kuswarno, 2009:67). Setelah melakukan wawan- cara, keseluruhan rekaman hasil dari wawancara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ditranskripsikan ke dalam tulisan hingga mengkla- sifikasi pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang telah ditanyakan (Barnawi dan Darojat, 2012: 200).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 137, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1. Seksualitas Bukan Lagi Musuh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 159, "width": 219, "height": 182, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketika membahas mengenai kebebasan seksual dalam media sosial, seksualitas dalam konstruksi budaya Indonesia seharusnya tidak dibicarakan di tempat umum, terutama yang disampaikan sendiri oleh perempuan. Bukan tanpa sebab, pola pikir patriarki adalah salah satunya (Fadhilah, 2019: 81) serta seksualitas sendiri merupakan suatu produk akhir dari pengawasan dan budaya yang dihidupi dimana maknanya dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan di setiap tempat tinggal (Foucault dalam Fadhilah, 2019:13). Padahal seksualitas seharusnya sudah menjadi komponen penting bagi perkembangan kaum muda karena seksualitas adalah bagian dari dalam diri manusia yang terkait erat dengan kesehat- an fisik dan mental Satcher (2001: 356).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 353, "width": 220, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gaya bicara Sisil yang terbilang ceplas-ceplos membuat bahasan di Instagramnya yang mayoritas terkait seksualitas menjadi terdengar vulgar. Pun Melliana (2013: 131) menyampaikan bahwa arti kata seks seakan-akan memiliki pengertian dengan kono- tasi negatif, maka dari itu Melliana membagi konsep seksualitas menjadi tiga, yaitu seksualitas reproduktif, seksualitas erotis, dan seksualitas gender agar mem- permudah dalam memaknainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 474, "width": 219, "height": 292, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seksualitas reproduktif fokus pada biologis dan kon- sep reproduksi, aspek anatomi, seperti menstruasi, kehamilan, aborsi, dan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi (Melliana, 2013: 131). Salah satu seksualitas repro- duktif adalah konsep reproduksi dan anatomi, yaitu vagina. Vagina memiliki makna tersendiri bagi perempuan, baik material maupun simbolik (Bell & Apfel, 1995: 16). Sebagai fungsi reproduktif, vagina berperan besar dalam menghasilkan keturunan sam- pai pada kelahiran. Sisil memandang kehamilan dan memiliki keturunan adalah sebagai sesuatu yang bukan urgensi karena menurutnya sudah terlalu banyak manusia yang ada di dunia ini. Sisil lebih memilih untuk memelihara anak yang terlahir kurang beruntung, yaitu tanpa orang tua. Hal ini sama dengan yang dijelaskan oleh England, dkk (2016: 13) bahwa banyak perempuan yang sudah aktif secara seksual namun tidak ingin memiliki anak karena alasan personal. Berbicara mengenai berhubungan seksual, Sisil di usianya yang saat itu sedang duduk di bangku kuliah pernah bercerita bahwa terdapat mitos-mitos yang menurutnya aneh dan hanya menimbulkan rasa takut tanpa memahami apa mak- sud yang sebenarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 52, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SCRIPTURA, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2021: 53-64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 797, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 225, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil yang memang khas dengan topik pembahasan- nya terkait seksualitas, ia pun sempat menjelaskan terkait seksualitas reproduktif yang tujuannya mengedukasi pengikutnya di Instagram dengan gaya bicaranya yang tidak menggurui serta menyenang- kan. Pada unggahan di atas Sisil menjelaskan macam-macam alat kontrasepsi, seperti pil KB, kondom, implant, suntik, spiral, dan masih banyak lagi. Alat kontrasepsi pada dasarnya dibuat sebagai upaya pemerintah untuk mengendalikan pertumbuh- an penduduk melalui program keluarga berencana (Bernardus dalam Herowati dan Sugiharto, 2019: 92). Dalam unggahannya, Sisil menjelaskan pula bahwa beberapa alat kontrasepsi akan membuat nafsu menurun akibat menurunnya kadar testosteron yang dimiliki pula oleh perempuan serta menyaran- kan untuk menggunakan alat kontrasepsi sesuai anjuran dokter agar sesuai dengan hormon individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 328, "width": 219, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seksualitas yang berikutnya, yaitu seksualitas erotis yang mengkhususkan pada rasa nikmat oleh tubuh yang sebenarnya dihasilkan oleh alat kelamin manu- sia, perilaku atau sikap antar individu dan proses fisiologi yang dapat menciptakan atau bahkan me- ningkatkan kenikmatan erotis itu sendiri (Melliana, 2013:131). Berbeda dengan seksualitas reproduktif, seksualitas erotis lebih cenderung pada meningkatkan kenikmatan erotis tanpa memikirkan kemungkinan untuk bereproduksi. Dalam kasus ini disebutkan Sicil masrturbasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 219, "height": 212, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dijelaskan oleh Sisil dalam wawancara personal bahwa masturbasi merupakan bentuk self-care, self- love, dan connecting ourselves dengan cara menyen- tuh tubuh kita. Tak banyak orang yang mengelak bahwa dirinya sedang melakukan masturbasi, karena mungkin mereka tidak tahu bahwa sebenarnya mereka sedang bermasturbasi. Meskipun masturbasi merupakan tindakan yang seringkali dianggap me- nyimpang, namun masturbasi memiliki kekuatan untuk mempengaruhi keintiman dengan orang lain bahkan diri sendiri. Masturbasi membuat seseorang belajar tentang respons dan kesenangan seksual diri sendiri serta tentang rasa otonomi tubuh yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas kepercayaan diri seseorang. Masturbasi bisa menjadi jalan untuk memberikan pengalaman keintiman yang positif dan meningkat- kan kepuasaan seksual (Coleman, 2002: 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 708, "width": 219, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil menganggap bahwa dengan masturbasi merupa- kan bagian dari dirinya yang tidak mungkin lepas. Sisil mengaku tidak berhubungan seksual sejak November 2020, namun tak menjadi masalah bagi dirinya karena dengan masturbasi, ia menjadi tahu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bagaimana cara membuat dirinya bahagia dan mema- hami bagian tubuh mana yang baginya memberikan kenikmatan sesuai dengan yang dijelaskan oleh Mulia (2015: 14) bahwa seksualitas merupakan bentuk komunikasi intim dengan diri sendiri dan dengan orang lain, apapun jenis kelamin atau gender- nya. Dari pengakuannya yang menyebutkan bahwa Sisil sudah tidak memerlukan laki-laki sebagai pemuas dirinya, ini berarti Sisil menganggap bahwa ia sudah bisa mandiri untuk memberi kepuasan akan dirinya, sehingga tidak perlu lagi laki-laki untuk memberi kepuasan pada dirinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 252, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melliana (2013:132) menjelaskan konsep seksualitas yang ketiga, yaitu seksualitas gender yang fokus pada pembagian sosial atau sistem klasifikasi manusia menurut jenis kelaminnya. Seksualitas gender ber- bicara tentang bagaimana seksualitas dan gender dipandang sebagai peran gender dalam kehidupan seseorang dan mempengaruhi persepsi orang lain tentang seksualitas mereka. Gender bukan merupa- kan sesuatu yang kita bawa dari lahir serta bukan sesuatu yang kita miliki, namun gender adalah sesuatu yang kita lakukan dan tunjukkan sebagai hasil dari konstruksi sosial (Muhammad, 2011:11).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 417, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam aktivitasnya di Instagram, Sisil juga kerap membahas terkait topik seksualitas gender ini. Sebenarnya topik ini banyak dibicarakan di media sosial Instagramnya, namun biasanya tidak dalam satu konten tersendiri. Berikut adalah salah salah satu konten yang terkait seksualitas gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 505, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata ‘gender’ sering disalahartikan sebagai jenis kelamin. Padahal konsep gender sesungguhnya me- miliki pengertian yang berbeda. Jenis kelamin me- nuju pada konteks biologis seperti penis dan vagina, namun gender merupakan konstruksi sosial (Muham- mad, 2011:11). Unggahan Sisil di atas dengan narasi yang berbunyi tentang bagaimana perempuan dianggap ‘nakal’ atau ‘bad girl’ jika telah meniduri beberapa laki-laki. Stigma ini terus menempel hingga secara tidak sadar, sebagai wanita pun menyetujui stigma tersebut dan menormalisasi apabila pelakunya adalah laki-laki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 670, "width": 219, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil bercerita bahwa tiga tahun lalu dirinya pernah bertemu dengan laki-laki yang mencoba mendekati- nya hingga mengajak Sisil untuk berkomitmen. Setelah banyak berbicara dan bercerita, laki-laki itu bertanya, “Kamu sudah pernah tidur dengan berapa laki-laki?”. Tidur yang dimaksudkan disini adalah berhubungan seksual. Awalnya ragu harus menjawab bohong atau jujur, karena menurut Sisil ini merupa-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 52, "width": 235, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Swastika : Pengungkapan Seksualitas Diri pada Media Sosial Instagram @sisilism", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 798, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 220, "height": 212, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kan pertanyaan jebakan. Setelah memutuskan, Sisil memutuskan untuk menjawabnya dengan jujur, “I had sex with nine guys before you” . Terkejut, laki- laki itu langsung mengatai Sisil sebagai pelacur karena telah tidur dengan sembilan laki-laki. Dari sini dapat dilihat bagaimana stigma gender sangat menempel. Peristiwa ini disebut dengan double standard , dimana perempuan yang telah melakukan hubungan seksual dengan banyak laki-laki disebut sebagai pelacur serta stigma buruk lainnya, sedang- kan laki-laki yang telah melakukan tidur dengan banyak perempuan malah disebut sebagai laki-laki jantan dan perkasa (Endendijk, 2020:184). Dalam aktivitasnya mengungkapkan diri, dapat dilihat bah- wa aktivitasnya mengungkapkan diri dapat dimaknai sebagai bentuk ekspresi dirinya dan tidak melihat pengungkapan diri sebagai hal memalukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2. Bukan Waktunya Untuk Diam Saja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 220, "height": 111, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Self-disclosure sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam komunikasi karena melibatkan adanya suatu pengungkapan terkait diri sendiri yang bersifat pri- badi atau bahkan sebelumnya tidak ada yang me- ngetahui (Devito, 1997: 61). Self-disclosure yang biasanya diungkapkan kepada seseorang secara face- to-face, dengan kehadiran internet terutama media sosial menjadikan pengungkapan diri dapat terjadi di mana saja bahkan topik apa saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 219, "height": 137, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketika dikaitkan dengan penggunaan media sosial, informasi pengungkapan diri kini semakin luas dan beraneka ragam, bahkan penerimanya pun semakin luas tidak sebatas satu atau dua orang (Taylor dalam Al-Kandari, 2016:85). Setiap orang yang melakukan pengungkapan diri memiliki maknanya masing- masing akan informasi pengungkapan dirinya. Hal inilah yang kemudian menjadi benang merah dalam penelitian ini, yakni pemaknaan terkait seksualitas hingga berani untuk mengungkapkannya di media sosial Instagram @sisilism.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 619, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Topik seksualitas yang cenderung ditutupi dan enggan untuk dibicarakan bagi sebagian orang ter- utama perempuan (Greene & Faulkner, 2005: 249), sementara Sisil membagikan informasi tentang diri- nya dengan terbuka. Informasi yang dibagikan di Instagram pada umumnya akan dapat dibaca oleh seluruh pengguna Instagram (Budiargo, 2015:48), itu berarti informasi tentang seksualitas pada akun Instagram Sisil dapat diperoleh dengan mudah dan dapat dibaca oleh siapapun bagi pengguna media sosial Instagram. Berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti selama wawancara berlangsung, Sisil dalam mem-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 88, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bagikan informasi akan dirinya jika dimasukkan ke dalam Johari Windows, dapat dikategorikan sebagai open area, yaitu seseorang yang terbuka akan dirinya sendiri, maupun orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 136, "width": 198, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“……walaupun itu orang asing gitu, karena gue punya support kayak my close circle itu sangat ngesupport gue banget. Ketika orang lain ngebenci gue, yaudah toh temen …..” (Sisil, 18/2/21).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 214, "width": 219, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil dengan karakter dirinya yang masuk ke dalam open area pada Johari Window, menjelaskan bahwa yang membuat dirinya untuk berani terbuka dengan banyak orang adalah karena dirinya sendiri tumbuh dan berkumpul dengan orang-orang yang saling terbuka pula karena sebuah hubungan pertemanan itu sangat penting dalam pembentukan diri (Gottman dalam Bartels, 2019: 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 328, "width": 219, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DeVito (1997:61) menjelaskan bahwa pengungkapan diri dapat diawali dengan adanya keterbukaan di- mana individu mendapatkan tempat bagi dirinya untuk didengar, dimengerti, dipahami, dan diberi tanggapan oleh orang lain akan sesuatu hal yang terjadi pada dirinya. Itulah yang terjadi pada Sisil berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, bahwa ia telah merasa didengar, dimengerti, dipahami, dan diberi tanggapan oleh teman sepermainannya sehingga ia merasa nyaman untuk melakukan pengungkapan diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 467, "width": 220, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sudah menjadi risiko untuk menjadi content creator bila mendapat tanggapan buruk (Dawson, 2018: 3) akan apa yang ditampilkan pada halamannya. Namun pribadi dan karakter Sisil yang santai, mem- buat aktivitas pengungkapan dirinya di Instagram menjadi lebih mudah untuk dilakukan, terutama bila dirinya menerima tanggapan buruk, baik dari ke- luarganya maupun dari sesama pengguna Instagram. Namun memang tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa dulu- nya perasaan takut pasti ada, karena tentu saja yang Sisil tampilkan di Instagramnya memang bahasan yang tidak banyak orang bahas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 617, "width": 198, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Memang ada yang akhirnya ngatain gue se- bagai ancaman dan bahaya buat masa depan negara-lah, bahkan ada yang sampai nanyain alamat gue, tapi fast forward 2021 nggak ada tuh yang ngedatengin gue. Mereka beraninya ngatain di sosmed doang, in reality? Nobody knows you” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 320, "top": 720, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalimat ini Sisil ungkapkan dengan sangat santai terucap dari bibirnya. Ia yang dulu merasa ketakutan akan apa yang lakukan, kini kalimat dan ancaman itu hanya hiburan baginya dan bukan sesuatu yang besar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 52, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SCRIPTURA, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2021: 53-64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 797, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk dikhawatirkan. Tidak banyak orang yang dapat melewati masa seperti ini, terutama harus tenang dalam ancaman. DeVito (2013: 66) memaparkan bahwa kepribadian menjadi dua yaitu ekstrover dan introver. Pemilik kepribadian ekstrover adalah me- reka yang cenderung terbuka, santai, dalam mem- berikan informasi. Walaupun informasinya akan membahayakan diri mereka sendiri, pemilik kepri- badian ekstrover akan tetap terbuka dan santai dalam aktivitas pengungkapan dirinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 227, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengungkapan diri terkait seksualitas di media sosial Instagramnya @sisilism mendapatkan respon yang baik dari pengikutnya. Informasi yang awalnya Sisil rasa akan mendapatkan ancaman dan membahaya- kan, nyatanya diterima baik oleh pengikutnya. Tang- gapan yang baik dari pengikutnya membuat Sisil merasa dihargai, mau didengar, dan diterima dengan baik. Sama seperti apa yang dikatakan oleh Derlega (dalam DeVito, 1997:62) bahwa ketika pengung- kapan diri dilakukan pada orang yang kita percayai dan orang tersebut juga, nantinya akan menimbulkan rasa aman, nyaman, dan memperkuat perilaku pengungkapan diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 404, "width": 219, "height": 187, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam aktivitasnya pengungkapan diri di media sosial nyatanya memberikan pengaruh bagi pengikut- nya untuk ikut melakukan pengungkapan diri. Aktivitas ini dituangkan dalam unggahannya yang berjudul Big Sis Advice dan memberikan dampak positif bagi pengikut lainnya saat ini karena pada akhirnya mereka akan saling belajar dari ketidaktahu- an masing-masing. Self-disclosure yang dilakukan di media sosial tentu saja tidak selalu menghasilkan respon yang baik serta positif, namun tentu akan ada pihak-pihak tertentu yang tidak setuju, terutama dalam hal ini konteks yang dibicarakan adalah me- ngenai seksualitas. Tentu saja banyak bermunculan diskriminasi dan kemarahan yang muncul dari pihak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 606, "width": 219, "height": 150, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan bahwa kepribadian yang melekat dalam diri Sisil adalah seseorang yang ekstrovert, dimana ia senang untuk bercerita dan mudah untuk terbuka dengan orang lain. Dari kepribadiannya ini, besaran kelompok da- lam melakukan pengungkapan diri tidak mempenga- ruhi seberapa banyak informasi yang akan dia ceritakan. Bahkan, di media sosial yang penggunanya sangat besar, Sisil masih bisa bercerita tentang pengalaman seksualitasnya. Hal ini dikarenakan pula adanya rasa saling menyukai antara Sisil dan peng- ikutnya di Instagram sehingga menimbulkan efek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diadik, dimana pengikutnya pun ikut saling bercerita mengenai pengalamannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 126, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengungkapan diri tidak luput dari adanya risiko yang harus diterimanya. Bochner (dalam DeVito, 2013: 69) menjelaskan adanya risiko tersebut, risiko pertama adalah penolakan dari pribadi dan sosial. Berdasarkan cerita yang disampaikan oleh Sisil dari pengalamannya, penolakan ini ia rasakan pada awal dirinya melakukan pengungkapan diri pada tahun 2018. Penolakan keluarga sangat ia rasakan, mulai dari sindiran dan koneksi relasi keluarga yang semakin renggang. Namun walaupun respon negatif yang muncul dari keluarganya saat itu, Sisil tidak menjadi benci akan keluarganya karena sudah saling sibuk dengan urusan masing-masing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 303, "width": 219, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Risiko yang kedua adalah kerugian material. Dari temuan peneliti, Sisil yang membahas seksualitas di Instagramnya sempat mengalami kerugian material.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 338, "width": 198, "height": 228, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Jadi waktu itu gue pernah Instagram gue pernah di-banned gitu kan yang pertama kali tahun 2019 akhir. Fyi, yang kemaren barusan itu kena banned yang kedua kali gara-gara mass report hahaha. Bahkan gue tuh ngerasa at this point, gue udah ngerasa yaudahlah, ke banned lagi-ke banned lagi. Mau gimana lagi? Cuma ya capek sih sebenernya. Soalnya sebenernya gue lagi proses bikin institusi yang fokusnya ke edukasi seks. Cuma dengan keadaan sosmed gue yang sering ke banned gini, gue jadi bingung mau cari massa lagi, mulai dari nol lagi, ngenalin lagi. Tapi kalo udah punya angka yang gede, akan lebih mudah buat ngedapetin massa untuk bikin webinar nantinya. Gue hidup juga salah satunya dari webinar yang gue bikin, tapi kalo di-banned terus, gue tekor lama-lama” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 581, "width": 220, "height": 175, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan adanya kerugian material yang dialami Sisil karena unggah- annya yang membahas seksualitas. Seksualitas yang masih dianggap tabu dijadikan sasaran empuk bagi beberapa pihak kontra akan hal ini. Sisil mengalami akun Instagramnya @sisilism diblokir oleh pihak Instagram karena dilaporkan oleh orang-orang yang kontra akan bahasannya. Tentu hal ini memberi dampak buruk bagi Sisil yang menjadikan content creating sebagai pekerjaannya. Risiko yang ketiga adalah kesulitan antarpribadi. Bila melihat audiens media sosial yang sangat besar, tentu saja akan ditemukan penolakan-penolakan setelah mendengar pengungkapan diri Sisil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 52, "width": 235, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Swastika : Pengungkapan Seksualitas Diri pada Media Sosial Instagram @sisilism", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 798, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 85, "width": 198, "height": 85, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Kalo lo mau baca satu-satu, pasti memang ada komen jelek di postingan gue. Pasti ada orang yang menolak, karena gue paham nggak semua orang bisa mikir yang sama. Tapi gue nggak mau memberikan energi gue ke hal-hal seperti itu yang akhirnya bikin down dan segala macem.” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 219, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti melihat adanya risiko yang dialami Sisil ketika melakukan pengungkapan diri di media sosial. Namun seperti yang telah disampaikan sebelumnya bahwa orang-orang yang menolaknya di media so- sial, sebenarnya mereka hanya sekadar berkomentar di dunia maya dan tidak berpengaruh dan tidak merugikan akan kehidupan Sisil di dunia nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3. Batasan Dalam Bermedia Sosial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 220, "height": 131, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada sub bab yang ketiga ini nantinya akan men- jelaskan bagaimana batasan yang dibangun oleh Sisil sebagai pemilik informasi kepada media sosial Instagramnya. Seperti yang telah disebutkan dalam bab dua terkait perspektif teoretis bahwa dalam peng- ungkapan diri erat kaitannya dengan boundaries atau batasan yang dimiliki oleh communication privacy management (CPM). Batasan ini juga menentukan sedalam apa atau seberapa banyak informasi yang akan dibagikan Sisil pada Instagramnya. Ukuran batasan ini beragam dipengaruhi oleh berbagai sebab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 219, "height": 71, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saat pertama kali bertemu dengan Sisil, peneliti amat yakin bahwa Sisil ini memiliki kepribadian yang terbuka dan cenderung ekstrovert. Benar saja saat diwawancarai, Sisil dengan kepribadiannya yang ramah, menjawab semua pertanyaan dengan sangat santai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 522, "width": 198, "height": 157, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“I feel like gue udah ngerasa nyaman sama diri gue dan gue nggak pernah ngerasa, kenapa harus ditutup-tutupin? Kenapa harus punya dua personality? Ada kan orang yang nge-fake gitu. Jadi di depan tuh famous yang alim gitu tapi di belakang dia punya sifat lain. Kalo gue ya, this is me. Gue terlalu capek buat pretending dan I’m an open book ya. Kalo orang mau tau tentang gue yang bener-bener pengen tau, bukan sekadar kepo yaa. Apalagi nantinya informasi gue bakal dipake yang enggak-enggak, ya gue nggak masalah. Gue mah open-open aja.” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 219, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil menjelaskan bagaimana ia sudah nyaman akan dirinya sehingga ia tidak perlu lagi untuk berusaha menutupi segala informasi yang ia miliki. Seksualitas yang masih banyak orang pikir sebagai informasi yang rahasia, malah ia ceritakan di media sosialnya sebagai media edukasi. Batasan-batasan yang di-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bangun oleh pemilik informasi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor, mulai dari konteks peng- ungkapan, kedekatan, dan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 136, "width": 219, "height": 119, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Walaupun kepribadiannya yang terbuka, namun tetap saja ada informasi yang tidak bisa ia bagikan di media sosial Instagramnya. Dari berbagai macam informasi yang telah ia bagikan. Sisil merasa nama lengkapnya merupakan salah satu informasi yang tidak perlu ia bagikan di Instagram. Terdengar remeh, namun Sisil menganggap bahwa nama lengkapnya tidak cukup penting untuk diketahui oleh banyak orang dikarenakan oleh penyebutan nama lengkap- nya yang sulit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 255, "width": 198, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Nama gue itu susah. Tapi kalo misalnya ada orang tau juga nggak masalah, maksudnya gue nggak ngerasa penting buat ngumumin nama lengkap gue aja. Toh nama Sisil lebih mudah disebut dan diingat juga.” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 330, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain nama lengkap, pun Sisil tidak merasa perlu untuk menginformasikan tahun berapa ia lahir, dari jurusan dan universitas apa ia lulus, hingga ke- hidupan pribadinya terkait pacar atau partner yang sedang ia miliki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 403, "width": 219, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil yang sudah lama hidup berpisah dengan orang tua, menganggap pula informasi terkait keluarga besarnya tidak perlu untuk ia bawa ke media sosial. Hal ini diakibatkan karena selain tidak terlalu penting baginya dan tidak ada korelasinya dengan konten yang sedang ia buat, Sisil memang sudah lama tidak bertemu keluarganya termasuk pada hari-hari besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 485, "width": 198, "height": 219, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Bahkan gue udah nggak pernah lagi ngumpul bareng keluarga besar gue ketika lebaran. Gue udah dua tahun nggak ikut lebaran karena gue tinggal di Bali. Terus kaya emang males. Karena menurut gue kaya sama aja, lebaran kaya gitu-gitu aja. Kaya fake lah. Kaya pre- tending aja, orang sebelumnya juga ga pernah kumpul sama keluarga. Jadinya kaya semata- mata karena lebaran aja makanya semuanya harus ngumpul. Sebenernya gue biasa-biasa aja sama keluarga besar gue. Nyokap gue juga pernah bilang ke gue, kalo nggak pernah bilang ke mbah uti atau kayak ke kakek nenek sama keluarga besar gue soal apa yang gue kerjain. Terus gue kaya, oh kaya gue nggak mau pamer kerjaan gue. Kalo mereka ngeliat Instagram gue dan tau, yaudah bodo amat, biarin” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 320, "top": 717, "width": 219, "height": 46, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hubungannya dengan keluarganya pun sudah sedikit merenggang, hingga apa yang ia lakukan di media sosial dahulu sempat menjadi obrolan di keluarga besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 52, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SCRIPTURA, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2021: 53-64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 797, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 219, "height": 165, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Nyokap gue dulu, kayaknya sekitar dua tahun lalu pernah bilang gini, “Kak kayaknya udah jangan posting-posting kaya gitu lagi. Bahas-bahas tentang seks, soalnya ini kamu diomongin sama si tante A lho, tadi mama abis ketemu dia.” Terus ya gue bilang, “Yaudah sih biarin aja. Orang itu kerjaan aku. Mau gimana?” Tapi itu kejadian dua tahun lalu sih. Kalo sekarang gue nggak tau karena mereka pada sibuk sama keluarganya masing-masing dan emang basically keluarga gue bukan keluarga yang deket banget sampe sering kumpul. Kayaknya mereka udah pada bodo amat. Hahaha baguslah.” (Sisil, 16/2/21).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 265, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil mengaku bahwa hubungannya dengan keluarga besarnya tidak terlalu dekat, bahkan yang biasanya Hari Raya Idul Fitri digunakan sebagai sarana ber- kumpul dengan keluarga, nyatanya keluarganya tidak melakukan tradisi itu dan sibuk dengan urusannya masing-masing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 353, "width": 219, "height": 188, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berbicara mengenai informasi yang dibagikan me- lalui media sosial Instagram tentunya informasi akan dimiliki oleh banyak orang, baik sebagai pengikut atau bukan. Risiko tersebarnya informasi akan se- makin besar bahkan bisa disalahgunakan. Risiko menjadi content creator memang sangatlah besar terutama karena pengguna media sosial Instagram yang sangat beragam. Dalam membuat batasan- batasan informasi harus ditegaskan. Sisil menjelaskan bahwa batasan yang ia miliki sebenarnya tidak terlalu tebal karena kepribadiannya yang terbuka dan senang bercerita. Namun, memang ada informasi-informasi sensitif serta membahayakan yang tidak bisa ia sam- paikan di media sosial terutama kaitannya pembahas- an topik seksualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 556, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil dengan keputusannya untuk tidak memberikan informasi akan dirinya di media sosial Instagram menggambarkan bahwa dirinya memiliki batasan- batasan tertentu untuk beberapa informasi. Keluarga bagi Sisil masih merupakan sesuatu yang privasi bagi dirinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 644, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 670, "width": 219, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengalaman dari subjek terkait seksualitas menunjuk- kan bahwa seksualitas memiliki peran penting dalam hidupnya. Sisil menganggap seksualitas adalah se- suatu yang indah, bahkan dapat menciptakan cinta kasih pada setiap pelakunya selama dilakukan secara konsensual dan menyetujui untuk melakukan hal itu. Sisil mendukung adanya kebebasan seksual karena ia menganggap setiap orang memiliki seksualitas yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berbeda-beda. Sisil memandang seksualitas sebagai kesenangan dan kenikmatan sehingga ia berani me- lakukan pengungkapan diri dengan menceritakan pengalaman seksualitasnya di media sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 150, "width": 219, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sisil melakukan pengungkapan diri, terutama mun- culnya efek diadik dimana aktivitasnya melakukan pengungkapan diri yaitu mengajak orang lain pula untuk melakukan pengungkapan diri lewat media sosial Instagramnya. Sisil dengan kepribadiannya yang terbuka, lewat pengungkapan diri, ia merasa nyaman karena telah berhasil jujur akan apa yang ia rasakan dan berhasil ia ceritakan kepada orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 259, "width": 221, "height": 107, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari pengalaman pengungkapan diri yang dilakukan Sisil di media sosial Instagramnya, Sisil memaknai hal tersebut sebagai kepuasan dirinya untuk berbagi dan bercerita akan pengalaman yang ia alami, bahkan yang pengikutnya alami. Sisil tidak memandang sek- sualitas adalah sesuatu yang harus ditutupi, melainkan harus dibicarakan sebagai bentuk edukasi pribadi dan harus dibagikan kepada orang lain sebagai sebuah pembelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 381, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 405, "width": 220, "height": 58, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Acquisti, A. dan Gross, R. (2006). Imagined Commu- nities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook. Paper yang disajikan oleh International Workshop on Privacy En- hancing Technologies, Germany: Springer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 465, "width": 221, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adilah, Y, dkk. (2017) Determinan Penggunaan Kondom pada Hubungan Seksual Pertama Kali oleh Remaja Belum Menikah di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 502, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat , 8(2), 91-99.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 292, "top": 514, "width": 221, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Kandari, A., Melkote, S. R., & Sharif, A. (2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 526, "width": 221, "height": 83, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Needs and Motives of Instagram Users that Predict Self-disclosure Use: A Case Study of Young Adults in Kuwait. Journal of Creative Communications, 11 (02), 85-101. Andarmoyo, S. (2012). Psikososial dalam Pendekat- an Konsep dan Proses Keperawatan. 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[ { "left": 335, "top": 38, "width": 196, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indigenous Biologi Jurnal pendidikan dan Sains Biologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 63, "width": 182, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.33323/indigenous.v7i1.540", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 63, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 7(1) 2024 (1-6)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 295, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 88, "width": 475, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AKTIFITAS LARVASIDAL MINYAK CHROMOLAENA ODORATA TERHADAP LARVA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 254, "top": 102, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LALAT RUMAH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 115, "width": 443, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(LARVASIDAL ACTIVITY OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA OIL ON HOUSE FLY LARVAES)", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 130, "top": 141, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Sri Yuliani 1 , Gerson Y.I Sakan 2 , Yosefus F. da-Lopez 3 , Eni Rohyati 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 164, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "124 Program Studi Kesehatan Hewan Politani Kupang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 176, "width": 347, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Program Studi Manajemen Pertanian Lahan Kering Jl. Prof. Dr. Herman Yohanes Lasiana Kupang P.O.Box. 1152, Kupang 85011", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 211, "width": 204, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 248, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 271, "width": 485, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Larvae, also called maggots, are part of the metamorphic form of house flies which are often found in livestock waste. If not handled properly it can increase the adult fly population. Medicinal plants such as C. odorata , which are known as weeds, are known to have active antiparasitic compounds which are used to control flies or their larval forms naturally. The aim was to study the larvicidal activity of C. odorata oil against house fly larvae. The method used in this research was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. 20 third instar larvae were tested per treatment replication, for a total of 400 individuals. The oil extract treatment was divided into 3 different concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, 15% and a 10% soap solution control as a comparison. The extract and soap solution are applied by spraying directly onto the larvae. The variable measured was larval death 36 hours after spraying the extract, a week later observing the change in larvae to pupae or hatching. The larval data obtained calculated the percentage of mortality and the pupa description was analyzed descriptively. The research results showed that mortality rates from the oil extract were 4%, 18% and 11%, while the control was 88%. Meanwhile, the picture of pupae failing to hatch started to occur from the 5% extract level to the control treatment where all of them did not hatch.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 444, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:Chromolaena odorata, Larvasidal, House Fly Larvae", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 273, "top": 467, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 485, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Larva disebut juga belatung merupakan bagian dari bentuk metamofosa lalat rumah yang sering dijumpai dilimbah peternakan. Jika tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat meningkatkan populasi lalat dewasa. Tanaman obat seperti C. odorata yang dikenal sebagai gulma diketahui memiliki senyawa aktif antiparasit digunakan untuk pengendalian lalat atau bentuk larva secara alami. Tujuannya adalah mengkaji aktivitas larvasidal minyak C. odorata terhadap larva lalat rumah.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Larva instar 3 diuji sebanyak 20 ekor per ulangan perlakuan, sehingga total berjumlah 400 ekor. Perlakuan ekstrak minyak dibagi 3 konsentrasi berbeda yakni 5%, 10%, 15% dan kontrol larutan sabun 10% sebagai pembanding. Ekstrak dan larutan sabun diaplikasikan dengan menyemprot langsung ke larva. Variabel yang diukur adalah kematian larva 36 jam setelah penyemprotan esktrak, seminggu kemudian amati perubahan larva menjadi pupa atau menetas. Data larva yang diperoleh dihitung persentase mortalitas dan gambaran pupa dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh angka mortalitas dari ekstrak minyak berurutan 4 %, 18% dan 11 % sedangkan kontrol 88%. Sedangkan gambaran pupa yang gagal menetas mulai terjadi dari level ekstrak 5 % sampai perlakuan kontrol yang seluruhnya tidak menetas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 663, "width": 287, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Katakunci: Chromolaena odorata , Larvasidal, Larva Lalat Rumah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 349, "top": 38, "width": 196, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indigenous Biologi Jurnal pendidikan dan Sains Biologi 7(1) 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 533, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 255, "top": 87, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 113, "width": 485, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lalat rumah ( Musca domestica ) tersebar luas di seluruh dunia dan merupakan serangga yang ditemukan di sekitar rumah. Seekor lalat betina dapat bertelur hingga 1000 butir selama peroide bertelur dan meletakkannya di tumpukan sampah, dalam makanan manusia dan limbah feses pada peternakan ayam maupun sapi . Siklus hidup dari telur sampai dewasa berkisar 14 hari berada di lingkungan peternakan. Telur menetas menjadi larva kecil (instar 1) dalam waktu 12 jam, dan makan selama lima hari sebelum menjadi pupa. Kelembaban feses mencapai 70-80% dapat mendukung perkembangbiakan dengan baik(Stafford, 2008).Keberadaannyayang semakin meningkat dan dibiarkan begitu saja akan menjadi sulit dikendalikan. Tersedianya insektisida komersiil atau sintetis di toko obat yang mudah dijangkau, namun pemakaian insektisida yang telah dikenal saat ini akan berdampak timbulnya resistensi obat akibat dosis yang tidak tepat dan jangka waktu panjang. Banyak masyarakat menggunakan obat kimia tanpa mengetahui takaran dan cara mencampur yang benar sesuai dengan petunjuk dalam brosur, sehingga berakhir dengan salah guna. Beberapa bahan insektisida seperti organosfosfat, carbamat dan pyrethroid yang menimbulkan resistensi (Geden, 2012). Diperlukan solusi alternatif untuk mengatasi pertumbuhan larva maupun lalat yang berkembang biak terus menerus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 302, "width": 485, "height": 150, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tanaman obat seperti C. odorata yang diketahui berfungsi antiparasit digunakan sebagai pengendali lalat atau bentuk larva secara alami. Terdapat sejumlah penelitian yang menyebutkan kandungan bahan metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak Chromolaena odorata yakni alkaloid, glikosida sianogenik, flavonoid (aurone, kalkone, flavone dan flavonol), phytat, saponin dan tannin, kandungan asam amino esensial (histidin, fenilalanin, lisin, threonin, methionin, isoleusin, leusin, asam glutamat, dan alanine) dan senyawa-senyawa fenolik lainnya (Igboh et al., 2009). serta mengandung minyak esensial(Félicien et al., 2012). Senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam E. odoratum dapat menghambat aktivitas lalat(Chakraborty et al., 2011).Komposisi senyawa atsiri C. odorata yang terbanyak adalah linalool, β-pinene, 1,3-cycloheptadiene, β-cubebene. cinnamaldehyde, dan caryophyllene oxide(Thapa et al., 2021).Dengan diketahuinya kandungan zat aktif dalam tanaman tersebut oleh beberapa peneliti, sehingga dilakukan penelitian kajianaktifitas larvasidal minyak C. odorata terhadap larva lalat rumah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 467, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 492, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Waktu dan Tempat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 505, "width": 484, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitianini berlangsung di Laboratorium Keswan dan Laboratorium Umum Politani Kupang, dimulai dari bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 543, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan dan Alat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 556, "width": 485, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni daun Chromolaena ororata , aquades, gula merah, dedak padi, cuka apel, EM4, kain tile, kertas saring ( whatman paper ), limbah sekam pemeliharaan ayam dan alat yang digunakan blender, thermohigrometer, pengaduk/sutel, saringan, toples/jar, perangkap (trap) lalat, ember baskom, botol kaca dan sprayer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 619, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persiapan Ekstrak Minyak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 631, "width": 485, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel daun C. odorata diambil dari tanaman yang tumbuh di Pulau Timor, dipetik yang tidak terlalu muda dan tua. Daun dikering anginkan selama lima hari, lalu diremas hingga berbentuk serbuk.Pembuatan minyak ini dimaserasi menurut petunjuk(Asfaw, 2022). 1. Bahan tanaman dipotong halus, dihancurkan, atau digilingbubuk agak kasar. Diambil sebanyak 50 gram", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 695, "width": 268, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Bahan tanaman ditempatkan dalam wadah tertutup.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 707, "width": 224, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pelarut (Menstruum) ditambahkan 200 mL.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 720, "width": 309, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Campuran didiamkan selama 1 minggu dan sesekali diaduk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 733, "width": 252, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Cairannya disaring menggunakan saringan kain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 745, "width": 372, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Residu padat (Marc) disaring dan ditekan untuk mendapatkan sisacairan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 758, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Cairan yang disaring dan diperas dicampur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indigenous Biologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 51, "width": 196, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal pendidikan dan Sains Biologi 7(1) 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 303, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Cairan yang telah ditampung disimpan dalam botol tertutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 113, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persiapan Larva", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 125, "width": 485, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lalat rumah diambil dengan cara penangkapan di peternakan unggas menggunakan umpan lalat yang telah berisi bait (pakan fermentasi) yang dicampur dengan sekam limbah ayam broiler. Lalat yang diperoleh dipelihara dalam kandang trap ukuran 40 x 40 x 40 cm (Sakan et al., 2023). Lalat makan pada media yang disediakan sampai bertelur, kemudian telur menetas menjadi larva instar 1 bermetamorfosa sampai larva instar 3 dalam waktu tiga atau tujuh hari Setelah lima hari dicek media tersebut, larva muncul dalam ember yang bercampur sekam dan siap disampling dalam percobaan ekstrak minyak. Larva instar 3 yang berwarna kekuningan dengan panjang 7mm yang digunakan dalam sampel perlakuan.. Masing-masing botol bening diisi larva instar 3 M. domestica berjumlah 20 ekor sampai 20 perlakuan terisi semua, kemudian diberi kapas yang ditambahkan kental manis secukupnya sebagai makanannya (Sakan dan Yuliani, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 265, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi Perlakuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 485, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekstrak minyak Chromolaena odorata yang telah dibuat diformulasi dalam bentuk spray dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15%. Kontrol larutan sabun 10% tetap digunakan sebagai pembanding (Sombra et al., 2020). Masing-masing botol perlakuan yang telah berisi larva lalu diuji cobakan minyak tersebut dengan cara disemprotkan mengenai tubuh larva. Variabel yang diamati yakni mortalitas larva pada waktu yang ditentukan yakni setiap 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Setelah penghitungan larva, seminggu kemudian dilanjutkan mengamati perubahan larva yang menjadi pupa maupun berhasil menetas dengan menggunakan mata secara langsung. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penlitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dihitung persentase kematian larva dan untuk melihat gambaran pupanya dilanjutkan analisis secara deskriptif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 429, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 454, "width": 484, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengamatan angka mortalitas larva yang diberi ekstrak minyak C. odorata dengan konsentrasi berbeda dan larutan sabun 10% tertera pada gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 717, "width": 433, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Persentase mortalitas larva lalat rumah yang diberi ekstrak minyak C. odorata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 742, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar di atas terlihat bahwa esktrak minyak yang diaplikasikan di larva secara berurutan berada pada angka 4 %, 18 % dan 11 % sedangkan kontrol 88 %. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antilarva atau larvasidal, karena ekstrak yang diuji mampu membunuh larva secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 349, "top": 38, "width": 196, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indigenous Biologi Jurnal pendidikan dan Sains Biologi 7(1) 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 533, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perlahan. Sementara hasil terbaik nilai persentase mortalitas pada konsentrasi minyak C. odorata 10% dari ketiga konsentrasi. Namun angka kematian larva dari esktrak minyak lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan larutan sabun 10%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 125, "width": 484, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di sisi lain, larva yang dibiarkan dalam botol percobaan setelah enam hari menghasilkan pupa ada yang menetas dan ada yang gagal (Tabel 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 163, "width": 374, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Gambaran pupa setelah 6 hari perlakuan Ekstrak minyak C. odorata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 189, "width": 338, "height": 265, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlakuan Ulangan Pupa Ekstrak minyak C. odorata 5% 1 Menetas 2 Menetas 3 Menetas 4 Menetas 5 Tidak menetas Ekstrak minyak C. odorata 10% 1 Menetas 2 Tidak menetas 3 Tidak menetas 4 Tidak menetas 5 Tidak menetas Ekstrak minyak C. odorata 15% 1 Tidak menetas 2 Tidak menetas 3 Tidak menetas 4 Tidak menetas 5 Tidak menetas Larutan sabun 10% 1 Tidak menetas 2 Tidak menetas 3 Tidak menetas 4 Tidak menetas 5 Tidak menetas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 470, "width": 485, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1, gambaran pupa pada perlakuan minyak C.odorata 10% dan 15% menghasilkan pupa yang tidak menetas, yang hampir sama dengan kondisi pupa yang diberi larutan sabun 10%. Sebenarnya ekstrak minyak yang 5% sudah mulai tampak pupa gagal menetas, diikuti oleh konsentrasi 10% lebih banyak lagi dan konsentrasi 15% seluruh ulangan perlakuan tidak berhasil menjadi lalat dewasa. Ini diduga paparan minyak C. odorata yang disemprotkan ke larva di awal perlakuan sudah mulai meresap dalam tubuh secara perlahan, sampai larva ada yang mati (kaku), ada larva yang terus menghindar karena efek spray ekstrak membuat larva terus berputar, lama kelamaan larva berubah jadi pupa namun tidak berhasil menuju metamorfosa berikutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 584, "width": 485, "height": 162, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya aktifitas daya bunuh ekstrak minyak C. odorata pada kajian ini sesuai dengan hasil peneliti yang mengaplikasikan minyakesensial Thymus vulgaris , Eugenia caryophyllus , dan Ocimum basilicum terhadap larva M. domestica memiliki aktifitas larvasidal (Chintalchere et al., 2018). Minyak esensial thyme lebih tinggi mortalitasnya dibanding basil dan clove. Peningkatan angka kematian yang muncul dipengaruhi naiknya dosis minyak. Minyak esensial berpotensi sebagai larvasida, pupisidal atau membunuh yang bentuk lalat, atau bahkan bersifat antifeedant, oviposisi dan mengatur perkembangan serangga lalat rumah maupun hama lainnya(Chintalchere et al., 2018). Minyak esensial yang berasal dari tumbuhan bersifat mudah menguap dan dapat bertindak seperti fumigan sehingga bisa menjadi prospek penggunaannya dalam industri penyimpanan biji-bijian. Hasil tersebut juga hampir sama dengan efek larvasida yang menggunakan A. indica, Citrus aurantifolia,Eucalyptus globulus , P. granatum, Salix safsaf, Sonchus oleraceus, Zea mays sebanding dengan insektisida klorpirifos, deltametrin dan metomil menyebabkan gagalnya perkembangan ketahap dewasa(Mansour et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 748, "width": 485, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih lanjut kajian yang sama mengenai efek minyak esensial rosemary pepper ( L. origanoides ), citronella( C. winterianus ) dan lemongrass ( C. citratus ) memiliki kerja ovisidal,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indigenous Biologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 51, "width": 196, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal pendidikan dan Sains Biologi 7(1) 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "larvasida dan pupasida hama Spodoptera frugiperda. Daya kerja tersebut telah diujikan dengan beberapa dosis konsentrasi 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% v/v) dan kontrol negatif(detergen t 5.0% v/v). Ketiga Minyak atsiri tersebut telah teruji kasiatnya pada telur, larva instar 3 dan pupa, menimbulkan efek yang cepat dengan tingkat kematian yang tinggi juga(Sombra et al., 2020).Minyak atsiri vetiver, cinnamon dan lavender beserta kombinasinya mampu menghasilkan efek toksik terhadap fase telur, kematian larva instar 2 secara dipping. Disebutkan juga minyak vetiver dan cinnamon bersifat repellent kuat pada percobaan larva(Khater & Geden, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 189, "width": 485, "height": 161, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut penemuan dari peneliti beberapa negara kandungan daun C odorata terdapat minyak atsiri jenis a -pinene (42.2%), b -pinene (10.6%), germacrene D (9.7%), pregeijerene (14.6%), geijerene (26.34%), a -copaene (17.87%), b -caryophyllene (11.14%), phytol (11%), dauca- 5,8-diene (16.75%), camphor (15.46%) dan n-hexadecanoic acid (13.34%).Komposisi kimia yang bervariasi masing-masing minyak dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis seperti perbedaan ketinggian, tanah, waktu pengumpulan sampel atau metode ekstraksi. Tumbuhan ini mengeluarkan aroma yang kuat dan berdasarkan data komposisi kimia tersebut menunjukkan ada sejumlah senyawa yang dilaporkan memiliki aktifitas obat penenang saat terhirup contohnya a-pinene atau p- cymene(Dougnon & Ito, 2021).Komponen volatil minyak diduga memiliki efek alelopati pada spesies asli, anti-herbivora dan memiliki nilai untuk pengobatan(Thapa et al., 2021). Oleh karena itu diketahuinya zat aktif yang berada dalam minyak, serta peran senyawa dapat bersifat secara tunggal maupun gabungan menyebabkan dampak kematian pada larva maupun gagalnya perkembangan pupa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 378, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 404, "width": 484, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Konsentrasi minyak C. odorata 5%, 10% dan 15% dapat berfungsi sebagai larvasidal alami, namun level 10% menghasilkan aktivitas yang lebih baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 429, "width": 485, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perlakuan minyak C. odorata 10% dan 15% memiliki aktifitas menghambat perkembangan pupa sehingga tidak berhasil menetas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 492, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 518, "width": 484, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika melanjutkan percobaan ekstrak minyak tersebut dapat pula ditingkatkan level konsentrasinya untuk melihat efek mortalitas yang lebih tinggi lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 556, "width": 130, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 581, "width": 485, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis berterimakasih kepada pemberi dana dalam hal ini Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang yang telah mendanai kegiatan ini sesuai DIPA Politani 2023 dan semua pihak yang telah membantu sampai selesainya penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 644, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 669, "width": 484, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asfaw, M. D. (2022). Basic Essential Oil Extraction Techniques and Procedures from Aromatic Plants. Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques , 13 (6), 1 –5. https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7064.22.13.489", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 717, "width": 484, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chakraborty, A. K., Rambhade, S., & Patil, U. (2011). Available online through Chromolaena odorata ( L .) : An Overview. Journal of Pharmacy Research , 4 (3), 573 –576.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 753, "width": 485, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chintalchere, J. M., Dar, M. A., & Pandit, R. S. (2018). Evaluation of Some Essential Oils against the Larvae of House Fly , Musca domestica by Using Residual Film Method. Advances in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 349, "top": 38, "width": 196, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indigenous Biologi Jurnal pendidikan dan Sains Biologi 7(1) 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 533, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 438, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biotechnology & Microbiology , 9 (1), 9 –16. https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.09.555752", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 110, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dougnon, G., & Ito, M. (2021). Essential oil from the leaves of chromolaena odorata, and sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide induce sedative activity in mice. Pharmaceuticals , 14 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14070651", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 158, "width": 485, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Félicien, A., Alain, A., Sebastien, D., Fidele, T., Boniface, Y., Chantal, M., & Dominique, S. (2012). Chemical composition and Biological activities of the Essential oil extracted from the Fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) growing in Benin. ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences , 1 (3), 7 –13.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 219, "width": 485, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geden, C. J. (2012). Status of biopesticides for control of house flies. Journal of Biopesticides , 5 (SUPPL.), 1 –11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 254, "width": 484, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Igboh, M. N., Ikewuchi, J. C., & Ikewuchi, C. C. (2009). Chemical profile of Chromolaena odorata L. (King and Robinson) leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , 8 (5), 521 –524. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.521.524", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 302, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Khater, H. F., & Geden, C. J. (2019). Efficacy and repellency of some essential oils and their blends against larval and adult house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Vector Ecology , 44 (2), 256 –263. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12357", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 350, "width": 484, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mansour, S. A., Bakr, R. F. A., Mohamed, R. I., & Hasaneen, N. M. (2011). Larvicidal activity of some botanical extracts, commercial insecticides and their binary mixtures against the housefly,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 375, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Musca", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 199, "top": 375, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Domestica L. Open", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 375, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Toxinology", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 81, "top": 373, "width": 460, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal , 4 , 1 –13. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875414701104010001", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 411, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sakan, G. Y. I. dan Y. N. S. (2021). EFEK ESKTRAK TANAMAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA INSTAR III Musca domestica. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner , 9 (3), 148 –156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v9i3.5553", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 459, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sakan, G. Y. I., Yuliani, N. S., Da Lopez, Y. F., & Wirawan, I. G. K. O. (2023). Mortalitas Lalat Musca Domestica Yang Diberi Esktrak Metanol Chromolaena Odorata. Partner , 28 (1), 11. https://doi.org/10.35726/jp.v28i1.1539", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 506, "width": 484, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sombra, K. E. S., de Aguiar, C. V. S., de Oliveira, S. J., Barbosa, M. G., Zocolo, G. J., & Pastori, P. L. (2020). Potential pesticide of three essential oils against spodoptera frugiperda (J.e. smith) (lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research , 80 (4), 617 –628. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392020000400617", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 567, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stafford, K. C. (2008). Fly Management Handbook: A Guide to Biology, Dispersal, and Management of the House Fly and Related Flies for Farmers, Municipalities, and Public Health Officials. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , May , 38.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 615, "width": 484, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thapa, L. B., Pal, K. B., Miya, T. M., Darji, T. B., Pathak, S., Pant, G., & Pant, R. R. (2021). J n c s 1 . 0304 , 132 –137.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 62, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P-ISSN: 2580-4227, E-ISSN: 2580-698X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 75, "width": 333, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 268, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PLaJ . Faculty of law Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Open Acces at: https://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/pagaruyuang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "209", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 116, "width": 444, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pembeli Yang Beritikad Baik Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Akta Jual Beli Yang Dibatalkan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 274, "top": 156, "width": 95, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Irma Fithra Alwi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 177, "width": 207, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 299, "top": 219, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 238, "width": 473, "height": 252, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In the case contained in the decision by Number. 22 / Pdt.G / 2017 / PNPwk which was declared canceled and has no legal force. In connection with AJB who in front of Lenny Resminariany Suhaemalfasa, SH, M.Kn as the PPAT was declared null and had no legal force, the sale and purchase was deemed invalid so that the buyer suffered material and immaterial losses and the PPAT was declared to be responsible for the deed he made. . The verdict stated that in connection with the revocation of the AJB by the Purwakarta District Court, PPAT had to submit and obey the contents of this decision. The purpose of this study is to determine how the legal protection of buyers with good intentions in relation to the canceled sale and purchase deed. The approach method used is the conceptual approach method (conceptual appoarch), namely the study departs from the views and doctrines that are developed in the science of law. The results of this study are the sale and purchase agreement between Joko Surono as the buyer and Idy Sasmita Atmadja as the seller which was carried out by agreement between the two parties which was made in writing with the sale and purchase agreement number 110/2011 dated 1 March 2011 made in the presence of Lenny Resminary Suhaemalfasa, AH . M.Kn, PPAT / Notary in Purwakarta. It is clearly proven that making the agreement does not fulfill the element of good faith. The sale and purchase agreement, which actually belongs to the seller, does not belong to the seller alone, but also to the other five people. According to the author, the judge's decision should provide legal protection to Joko Surono, who in this case is a buyer with good intentions, the form of protection is to declare the deed null and void because Ily Sasmita Atmadja, in this case is not the person who has the right to sell the object. the sales money received in the sale of the land must be returned to the buyer, in this case Joko Surono.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Legal protection; Good Faith Buyer; Buy and sell", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 515, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 473, "height": 172, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam kasus yang terdapat dalam putusan dengan Nomor. 22/Pdt.G/2017/PNPwk yang dinyatakan batal dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum. Sehubungan AJB yang di hadapan Lenny Resminariany Suhaemalfasa, S.H., M.Kn selaku PPAT tersebut dinyatakan batal dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum, maka jual beli tersebut dianggap tidak sah sehingga pembeli menderita kerugian materil dan immateriil dan PPAT tersebut dinyatakan ikut bertanggung jawab atas akta yang dibuatnya. Amar putusan tersebut menyatakan bahwa sehubungan AJB tersebut dibatalkan oleh Pengadilan Negeri Purwakarta maka PPAT harus tunduk dan patuh melaksanakan isi putusan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pembeli Yang Beritikad Baik Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Akta Jual Beli Yang Dibatalkan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan konseptual (conseptualical appoarch) yaitu kajiannya beranjak dari pandangan- pandangan dan doktrin-doktrin yang berkembang dalam ilmu hukum. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Perjanjian jual beli antara joko surono sebagai pembeli dan ily sasmita atmadja sebagai penjual yang dilaksanakan dengan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak yang dibuat secara tertulis dengan akta perjanjian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "210", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 473, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "jual beli Nomor 110/2011 tanggal 1 maret 2011 yang dibuat dihadapan Lenny Resminary Suhaemalfasa, AH. M.Kn, PPAT/Notaris di purwakarta. Terbukti dengan jelas bahwa dalam melakukan perjanjian tersebut sudah tidak memenuhi unsur itikad baik. Perjanjian jual beli tersebut yang sebenarnya tanah tersebut bukan merupakan milik penjual sajatetapi juga mili ke lima orang lainnya. Menurut penulis Dalam putusan hakim seharusnya memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap Joko Surono yang dalam hal ini adalah pembeli yang beitikad baik, bentuk perlindungannya yaitu menyatakan akta tersebut batal demi hukum karena Ily Sasmita Atmadja yang dalam hal ini bukan merupakan orang yang berhak menjual objek tersebut yang mengakibatkan segala uang penjualan yang diterima dalam penjualan tanah tersebut harus dikembalikan kepada pembeli yang dalam hal ini adalah Joko Surono.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 312, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Pembeli Beritikad Baik; Jual Beli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 130, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 473, "height": 215, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Di Indonesia ini hukum sangat dijunjung tinggi, hal ini ditegaskan dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang berisikan seb agai berikut, “Negara Indonesia adalah Negara Hukum”. Berdasarkan pasal tersebut jelas bahwa Indonesia merupakan Negara Hukum ( Rechstaat ) yang menjunjung tinggi prinsip- prinsip Negara Hukum, yaitu prinsip menjamin kepastian, ketertiban, dan perlindungan hukum yang berintikan kebenaran dan keadilan. Kepastian, ketertiban, dan perlindungan hukum menuntut antara lain, bahwa lalu lintas hukum dalam kehidupan masyarakat memerlukan adanya alat bukti yang menentukan dengan jelas hak dan kewajiban seseorang sebagai subyek hukum dalam masyarakat. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 473, "height": 193, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Manusia seringkali melakukan interaksi satu sama lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya dengan melakukan hubungan antara sesama, baik yang merupakan perbuatan hukum maupun yang bukan termasuk perbuatan hukum. Salah satu bentuk hubungan antar sesama manusia yang sangat lazim dilakukan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan untuk hidup adalah dengan melakukan suatu perjanjian, baik perjanjian dalam bentuk jual beli, tukar menukar, sewa menyewa, maupun dalam bentuk yang lain. Pada era reformasi ini perkembangan arus globalisasi ekonomi dalam kerjasama di bidang jasa berkembang sangat pesat. Masyarakat semakin banyak mengikatkan dirinya dengan masyarakat lainnya, sehingga timbul perjanjian. Hubungan hukum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Supriadi. (2006). Etika dan Tanggung Jawab Profesi Hukum di Indonesia , Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, Hlm 29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "211", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "yang terjadi antara subyek hukum yang satu dengan yang lainnya terjadi dengan adanya suatu perikatan dan perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 473, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebelum melakukan proses pengalihan hak atas tanah, PPAT berkewajiban untuk melakukan pengecekan sertipikat tanah pada kantor Pertanahan. Dalam praktiknya kerap ditemui pada saat dilakukan pemeriksaan pada Kantor Pertanahan tidak terdapat keterangan sita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 474, "height": 193, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perikatan adalah suatu hubungan hukum antara dua orang atau dua pihak, berdasarkan mana pihak yang satu berhak menuntut sesuatu hal dari pihak yang lain, dan pihak yang lain berkewajiban untuk memenuhi tuntutan itu. 2 Sementara itu perjanjian menurut Agus Yudha Hernoko 3 adalah Suatu perjanjian berawal dari suatu perbedaan atau ketidaksamaan kepentingan diantara para pihak. Perumusan hubungan perjanjian tersebut pada umumnya senantiasa diawali dengan proses negosiasi diantara para pihak. Melalui negosiasi para pihak berupaya menciptakan bentuk-bentuk kesepakatan untuk saling mempertemukan sesuatu yang diinginkan (kepentingan) melalui proses tawar menawar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 473, "height": 171, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 1313 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata memberikan definisi tentang perjanjian sebag ai berikut: “Per janjian adalah suatu perbuatan, yakni satu orang atau lebih mengikatkan dirinya terhadap satu orang atau lebih.” 7 Suatu kontrak atau perjanjian harus memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian, yaitu kata sepakat, kecakapan, hal tertentu dan suatu sebab yang halal sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata. Dengan dipenuhinya empat syarat sahnya perjanjian, maka suatu perjanjian menjadi sah dan mengikat secara hukum bagi para pihak yang membuatnya. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 575, "width": 473, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setiap perjanjian tunduk pada hukum perjanjian, sehingga perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 1338 Ayat (3) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Pelaksanaan dengan itikad baik, ada dua macam, yaitu sebagai unsur subyektif, dan sebagai ukuran obyektif untuk menilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 674, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 R. Subekti. (2005). Hukum Perjanjian , Cetakan ke-21. Jakarta: Intermasa, hlm 1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 473, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 Agus Yudha Hernoko. (2008) Hukum Perjanjian Azas Proporsionalitas Dalam Kontrak Komersial , Yogyakarta: Laksbang Mediatama, Hlm 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 711, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4 Suharnoko. (2007). Hukum Perjanjian, Teori dan Analisa Kasus, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, Hlm 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "212", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 474, "height": 260, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pelaksanaan. Dalam h ukum benda unsur subyektif berarti “kejujuran” atau “kebersihan” si pembuatnya. Namun dalam Pasal 1338 Ayat (3) Kitab Undang -Undang Hukum Perdata, bukanlah dalam arti unsur subyektif ini, melainkan pelaksanaan perjanjian itu harus berjalan dengan mengindahkan norma-norma kepatutan dan kesusilaan. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan itikad baik disini adalah ukuran obyektif untuk menilai pelaksanaan perjanjian itu. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan kepatutan dan kesusilaan itu, undang-undang pun tidak memberikan perumusannya, karena itu tidak ada ketetapan batasan pengertian istilah tersebut. Tetapi jika dilihat dari arti katanya, kepatutan artinya kepantasan, kelayakan, kesesuaian, kecocokan; sedangkan kesusilaan artinya kesopanan, keadaban. Dari kata ini dapat digambarkan kiranya kepatutan dan kesusilaan itu sebagai nilai yang patut, pantas, layak, sesuai, cocok, sopan, beradab, sebagaimana sama-sama dikehendaki oleh masing- masing pihak yang berjanji. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 326, "width": 473, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Itikad baik pelaksanaan kontrak mengacu kepada itikad baik yang obyektif. Standar yang digunakan dalam itikad baik adalah standar obyektif yang mengacu kepada suatu norma yang obyektif. Ketentuan itikad baik menunjuk kepada norma- norma tidak tertulis yang sudah menjadi norma hukum sebagai suatu sumber hukum tersendiri. Norma tersebut dikatakan obyektif karena tingkah laku tidak didasarkan pada anggapan para pihak sendiri, tetapi tingkah laku harus sesuai dengan anggapan umum tentang itikad baik tersebut. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 474, "height": 171, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam masyarakat sering terjadi jual beli yang menimbulkan berbagai macam persoalan, khususnya dalam jual beli tanah, antara lain adanya jual beli tanah milik orang lain, dimana tanah tersebut bukan pemilik si penjual atau mungkin si penjual melakukan wanprestasi, Wanprestasi berasal dari istilah aslinya dalam bahasa Belanda yaitu wanprestatie, artinya tidak memenuhi kewajiban yang telah ditetapkan dalam perikatan, baik perikatan yang timbul karena perjanjian maupun perikatan yang timbul karena undang-undang. 13 Seseorang dalam hukum disebut berprestasi jika ia memenuhi perikatan, sedangkan disebut wanprestasi jika ia tidak memenuhi perikatan. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 475, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5 Abdulkadir Muhammad, 1992, Hukum Perikatan , Cetakan ke-3. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, Hlm 99", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 473, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 Ridwan Khairandy, 2017, Itikad Baik dalam Kontrak di Berbagai Sistem Hukum , (Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, Hlm 191.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "213", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 474, "height": 126, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terjadinya wanprestasi senantiasa diawali dengan hubungan kontraktual ( characteristics of default is always preceded by a contractual relationship ). Kontrak dibuat sebagai instrumen yang secara khusus mengatur hubungan hukum antara kepentingan yang bersifat privat dan perdata khususnya dalam pembuatan kontrak. Kepentingan antara masyarakat individu dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat apabila dilanggar akan menimbulkan suatu konflik kepentingan antara hak dan kewajiban. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 473, "height": 193, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akibat dari jual beli yang seperti ini maka pihak pembeli yang jujur dan beritikad baik akan mengalami gangguan untuk menikmati barang yang dibelinya. Salah satu cara untuk menentukan kriteria itikad baik dari pembeli adalah dengan melihat apakah pembeli tersebut mengetahui bahwa tanah yang akan dibelinya tersebut milik dari penjual atau bukan. Apabila pihak pembeli memang sama sekali tidak mengetahui bahwa pihak penjual sebenarnya bukan pemilik dari tanah tersebut, sehingga seharusnya penjual tidak berhak untuk menjualnya, maka pihak pembeli dapat dikatakan beritikad baik, bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan terhadap pembeli yang beritikad baik adalah ia dapat meminta ganti rugi dari penjual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 473, "height": 283, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seperti dalam kasus yang terdapat dalam putusan dengan Nomor. 22/Pdt.G/2017/PNPwk yang mengabulkan sebagian gugatan para penggugat rekonvensi (Tergugat II sampai dengan Tergugat VI dalam konvensi) melawan tergugat 1 dalam rekonvensi/ penggugat dalam konvensi (Joko Surono), tergugat 2 dalam rekonvensi (Ily Sasmita Atmadja), tergugat 3 dalam rekonvensi (Lenny Resminariany Suhaemalfasa, S.H., M.Kn sebagai PPAT), dan tergugat 4 dalam rekonvensi (Badan Pertanahan Nasional Purwakarta). Putusan tersebut menyatakan Sertifikat Hak Milik Nomor 373/Kelurahan atas nama Joko Surono yang berasal dari sertifikat yang sama dahulu atas nama Ily Sasmita Atmadja tidak sah dan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Oleh karena itu pula, Akta Jual Beli (yang selanjutnya disebut AJB) Nomor 110/2011 Tanggal 1 Maret 2011 yang dibuat di hadapan Lenny Resminariany Suhaemalfasa, S.H., M.Kn selaku PPAT dinyatakan batal dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum. Sehubungan AJB tersebut dinyatakan batal dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 711, "width": 407, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 Yahman, Karakteristik Wanprestasi dan Tindak Pidana Penipuan , Surabaya: Kencana, Hlm 51.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "214", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 473, "height": 104, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "maka jual beli tersebut dianggap tidak sah sehingga pembeli menderita kerugian materil dan immateriil dan PPAT tersebut dinyatakan ikut bertanggung jawab atas akta yang dibuatnya. Amar putusan tersebut menyatakan bahwa sehubungan AJB tersebut dibatalkan oleh Pengadilan Negeri Purwakarta maka PPAT harus tunduk dan patuh melaksanakan isi putusan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 473, "height": 148, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA) No.4 Tahun 2016 tentang Pemberlakuan Rumusan Hasil Rapat Pleno Kamar Mahkamah Agung Tahun 2016 Sebagai Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Bagi Pengadilan, dalam Rumusan Hukum Kamar Perdata poin keempat menentukan mengenai pengertian pembeli beritikad baik sebagaimana tercantum dalam kesepakatan kamar perdata tanggal 9 oktober 2014 pada huruf a disempurnakan sebagai kriteria pembeli yang beritikad baik yang perlu dilindungi berdasarkan Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KHUPerdata adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 326, "width": 446, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Melakukan jual beli atas objek tanah tersebut dengan tata cara/prosedur dan dokumen yang sah sebagaimana telah ditentukan peraturan perundang- undangan yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 393, "width": 272, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembeli tanah melalui pelelangan umum atau:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 415, "width": 423, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembelian tanah dihadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (sesuai dengan ketentuan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 460, "width": 424, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembelian terhadap tanah milik adat/yang belum terdaftar yang dilaksanakan menurut ketentuan hukum adat yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 505, "width": 423, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Dilakukan secara tunai dan terang (di hadapan / diketahui Kepala desa/Lurah setempat).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 549, "width": 423, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Didahului dengan penelitian mengenai status tanah objek jual beli dan berdasarkan penelitian tersebut menujukkan bahwa tanah objek jual beli adalah milik penjual.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 617, "width": 277, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembelian dilakukan dengan harga yang layak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 639, "width": 446, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Melakukan kehati-hatian dengan meneliti hal-hal berkaitan dengan objek tanah diperjanjikan antara lain:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 684, "width": 423, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Penjual adalah orang yang berhak/memiliki hak atas tanah yang menjadi objek jual beli, sesuai dengan bukti kepemilikannya, atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "215", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 61, "width": 423, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Tanah/objek yang diperjualbelikan tersebut tidak dalam status disita, atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 106, "width": 423, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Tanah objek yang diperjualbelikan tidak dalam status jaminan/hak tanggungan,atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 150, "width": 423, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Terhadap tanah yang bersertifikat, telah memperoleh keterangan dari BPN dan riwayat hubungan hukum antara tanah tersebut dengan pemegang sertifikat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 218, "width": 474, "height": 371, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada faktanya berdasarkan Akta Jual Beli Nomor. 110/2011 yang dibuat tanggal 1 maret 2011 dibuat dihadapan Lenny Resminariany Suhaemalfasa, S.H, MKn., PPAT/Notaris di purwakarta dinyatakan batal dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum. pada dasarnya Joko Surono yang dalam hal ini adalah pembeli yang beritikad baik telah membeli sebidang tanah dengan itikad baik sesuai dengan SEMA No.4 Tahun 2016 yang menentukan tentang pembeli beritikad baik. KUHPerdata memahami itikad baik dalam berbagai bentuk, tidak hanya itikad baik yang dikenal dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUHPerdata yang menentukan suatu perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik. Menurut Wery 8 “kedua pihak harus berlaku yang satu dengan yang lain seperti patutnya diantara orang-orang yang sopan tanpa tipu daya, tanpa tipu muslihat, tanpa akal-akalan, tanpa menganggu pihak lain, tidak melihat kepentingannya sendiri saja tetapi juga dengan melihat kepentingan pihak lain. Hal serupa juga dikemukakan oleh Aser rutten sebagai berikut: 9 “ Melaksanakan perjanjian berdasarkan itikad baik berarti bahwa sikreditur dalam pelaksanaan haknya dan debitur di dalam pemenuhuan kewajibanya harus beritikad sesuai dengan persyaratan “ Redelijkheid en billijkheid ”, artinya para pihak harus melaksanakan perjanjian itu sebagaimana yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh orang- orang yang beradap”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan fakta yang telah diuraikan diatas maka menimbulkan persoalan baru tentang adanya kerugian materiil dan immaterial yang diderita oleh Joko Surono", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8 www.sinta.unud.ac.id , tinjauan umum asas itikad baik dan pengaturanya, yang diakses pada tanggal 11 januari 2021 pada pukul 21.00 WITA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 Asser Rutten, dalam b ambang sutiyoso, “Penafsiran Kontrak Menurut Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata dan maknanya bagi para pih ak yang bersangkutan”, jurnal hukum Ius Quia Iustum . Vol. 20, No. 2 ,2013 hal.222.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "216", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 473, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sebagai pembeli yang dalam hal ini telah melakukan perjanjian jual beli dengan itikad baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 473, "height": 193, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berkaitan dengan kasus yang telah diuraiakan diatas pada faktanya sebelum PPAT membuat AJB, PPAT dan pembeli dalam hal ini adalah Joko Surono telah melakukan pengecekan sertipikat (sebagai salah satu syarat dapat terjadinya balik nama) terlebih dahulu ke Kantor Pertanahan, Agraria dan Tata Ruang di Purwakarta dan memang benar setelah dilakukan pengecekan tanah tersebut tidak sedang berada sengketa atau lainnya. Namun setelah dilakukan balik nama terdapat fakta baru bahwa tanah tersebut sedang berada dalam sita jaminan, hal tersebut diketahui setelah adanya gugatan dari penggugat dan laporan dari BPN bahwa Pengadilan Negeri Purwakarta terlambat mengirim surat laporan sita jaminan kepada BPN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 473, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan dari latar belakang yang telah dikemukakan di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan permasalahan yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Adapun pokok permasalahan yang penulis angkat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pembeli Yang Beritikad Baik Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Akta Jual Beli Yang Dibatalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 459, "width": 474, "height": 148, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tipe Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif (normative legal research) penelitian untuk menguji suatu norma atau ketentuan yang berlaku. Juga dapat dikatakan sebagai penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder. 10 Penelitian hukum doktrinal. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan konseptual ( conseptualical appoarch) yaitu kajiannya beranjak dari pandangan-pandangan dan doktrin-doktrin yang berkembang dalam ilmu hukum. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 616, "width": 195, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Irwansyah, 2020, Penelitian Hukum (Pilihan Metode dan Praktik Penulisan Artikel), Yogyakarta: Mira Buana Cetakan 1. Hlm 42", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 473, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11 Mohammad Amri Gede, Nurfaidah Said , Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra, Kekuatan Hukum Irah- Irah Eksekutorial Pada Grosse Akta Sebaga Dasar Eksekusi Jaminan , Universitas Kendari, Jurnal. Halu Oleo Law Review, Volume 14, No. 1 Tahun 2020. Hal 76", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "217", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 467, "height": 81, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kontrak atau perjanjian adalah sangat penting kedudukannya dalam merangkai hubungan hukum dalam bentuk hak dan kewajiban yang telah disepakati oleh para pelaku bisnis (para pihak) yang harus ditaati dan dilaksanakan dengan penuh itikad baik demi untuk mengamankan transaksi bisnisnya. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 468, "height": 104, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Itikad baik dalam pengertian Objektif disebutkan dalam pasal 1338 ayat 3 BW “ suatu perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik ” . Itikad baik yang dimaksud merupakan itikad baik dalam arti objektif, yitu itikad baik pada waktu pelaksanaan perjanjia. Munir Fuadi merumuskan bahwa itikad baik hanya diisyaratkan dalam hal pelaksanaan dari suatu kontrak, bukan pada pembuatan suatu kontrak. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 269, "width": 470, "height": 328, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian harus memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian, yaitu kata sepakat, kecakapan para pihak, suatu obyek tertentu, dan sebab yang halal, hal ini sesuai dengan Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Maka terpenuhinya ke empat syarat tersebut suatu perjanjian menjadi sah dan mengikat secara hukum bagi para pihak yang membuatnya. Keinginan atau kehendak para pihak yang diwujudkan dalam kesepakatan adalah merupakan dasar mengikatnya suatu perjanjian dalam hukum kontrak. Keinginan atau kehendak itu dapat dikatakan dengan berbagai cara baik lisan mau pun tulisan dan mengikat para pihak dengan segala akibat hukumnya. Hal ini tertuang dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (1), kitab undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, bahwa suatu perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah mengikat sebagai undang- undang bagi para pihak yang membuatnya. Meskipun demikian, dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (3), Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, menyebutkan bahwa setiap perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan iktikad baik, cara menjalankan atau melaksanakan suatu perjanjian tidak boleh bertentangan dengan kepatutan, kelayakan, dan keadilan yang ada dalam masyarakat. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "12 Ahmadi Miru, Nurfaidah Said, Amirah, 2013, Perlindungan Hukum Rahasia Dagang Dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama Waralaba, Jurnal Analisis, Volume. 2. No 2.: 165:171, Hlm 166", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 473, "height": 49, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "13 Rusmiyati dan Antari Innaka, 2012, Kedudukan Asas Itikad Baik Dalam Pengertian Objektif (Kepatutan) Dalam Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Tanah Dan Akta Kuasa Menjual Tanah (Sudi Kasus Pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sleman Register Perkara Nomor 01/PDT.G/2010/PN.SLMN. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Gadjah Mada, Volume V, April 2012. hlm 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 711, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "14 Anwar Borahima, Sukarno Aburaera, Andi Hasnawi, Penerapan Asas Itikad Baik Pada Perjanjian Kredi Modal Kerja Bank, Penelitian Hukum, Hlm 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "218", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 467, "height": 193, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan melampirkan salah satu kasus dengan Putusan No 22/pdt.G/2017/PNwk. Menurut penulis dalam perjanjian jual beli antara Joko Surono dan Ily Sasmita Atmadja sudah sesuai dengan SOP, jual beli atas sebidang tanah dan bangunan seluas 860 meterpersegi, setipikat Nomor 373 Nagritengah tercatat atas nama penggugat (Joko Surono) yang sebelumnya tercatat atas nama Ily Sasmita Atmadja. Terletak di jalan ganda negara nomor 24 kelurahan nagritengah, kecamatan purwakarta, kabupaten purwakarta, jawa barat. Jual beli tersebut seduai akta jual beli nomor 110/2011 tanggal 1 maret 2011 yang dibuat dihadapan Lenny Resminary Suhaemalfasa, AH. M.Kn, PPAT/Notaris di purwakarta (turut tergugat 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 468, "height": 350, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Namun faktanya, sejak penggugat mendapat hak kepemilikan atas tanah objek tersebut, terdapat pihak lain yaitu Santi Ambar Pratiwi (sebagai Tergugat II), Walgie A.M Latuny (sebagai tergugat III ), Ny Hilda (sebagai Tergugat IV), Hilman (sebagai Tergugat V), Ny. Hilwia (sebagai Tergugat IV). yang mengklaim hak kepemilikanya, berdasarkan putusan pengadilan Negeri purwakarta nomor 20/pdt.G/1998/PN.PWK, tanggal 25 september 1998 jo putusan PN bandung nomor 120/pdt/1999.PT BDG tnggal 22 juli 1999 jo, putusan mahkamah agung RI Nomor 2079K/Pdt/1992 tanggal 16 september 1997, jo putusan Peninjauan Kembali mahkamah agung RI nomor 628 PK/Pdt/2011, tanggal 23 februari 2012. Berdasarkan putusan No 22/pdt.G/2017/PNwk menyatakan bahwa para tergugat (2,3,4,5,6) berhak atas tanah tersebut karena tanah dan banguna tersebut merupakan boedal waris, dan menghukum tergugat 1 Ily Sasmita Atmadja bukan sebagai pemilik yang sah atau pihak yang tidak berwenang atas tanah dan bangunan tersebut, sehingga dengan otomatis jual beli antara Ily Sasmita Atmadja dan penggugat Joko Surono menjadi tidak sah. Putusan tersebut membuat Joko Surono menjadi pihak yang sangat dirugikan atas putusan yang membatalkan jual beli tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 620, "width": 473, "height": 104, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA) No.4 Tahun 2016 tentang Pemberlakuan Rumusan Hasil Rapat Pleno Kamar Mahkamah Agung Tahun 2016 Sebagai Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Bagi Pengadilan, dalam Rumusan Hukum Kamar Perdata poin keempat menentukan mengenai pengertian pembeli beritikad baik sebagaimana tercantum dalam kesepakatan kamar perdata tanggal 9 oktober 2014 pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "219", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "huruf a disempurnakan sebagai kriteria pembeli yang beritikad baik yang perlu dilindungi berdasarkan Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KHUPerdata adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 106, "width": 475, "height": 58, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Melakukan jual beli atas objek tanah tersebut dengan tata cara/prosedur dan dokumen yang sah sebagaimana telah ditentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 181, "width": 269, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembeli tanah melalui pelelangan umum atau:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 211, "width": 427, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembelian tanah dihadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (sesuai dengan ketentuan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 264, "width": 427, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembelian terhadap tanah milik adat/yang belum terdaftar yang dilaksanakan menurut ketentuan hukum adat yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 317, "width": 427, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Dilakukan secara tunai dan terang (di hadapan / diketahui Kepala desa/Lurah setempat).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 369, "width": 427, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Didahului dengan penelitian mengenai status tanah objek jual beli dan berdasarkan penelitian tersebut menujukkan bahwa tanah objek jual beli adalah milik penjual.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 444, "width": 274, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Pembelian dilakukan dengan harga yang layak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 475, "width": 477, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Melakukan kehati-hatian dengan meneliti hal-hal berkaitan dengan objek tanah diperjanjikan antara lain:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 528, "width": 427, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Penjual adalah orang yang berhak/memiliki hak atas tanah yang menjadi objek jual beli, sesuai dengan bukti kepemilikannya, atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 580, "width": 421, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Tanah/objek yang diperjualbelikan tersebut tidak dalam status disita, atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 611, "width": 427, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Tanah objek yang diperjualbelikan tidak dalam status jaminan/hak tanggungan,atau;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 663, "width": 427, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Terhadap tanah yang bersertifikat, telah memperoleh keterangan dari BPN dan riwayat hubungan hukum antara tanah tersebut dengan pemegang sertifikat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "220", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 468, "height": 283, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sah sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan yang diatur dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata tersebut merupakat syarat mutlak yang harus dipenuhi dalam suatu perjanjian agar suatu perjanjian dianggap sah. Syarat yang pertama dan kedua merupakan syarat yang bersifat subyektif, karena mengenai orang- orangnya atau subyek yang mengadakan perjanjian. Apabila kedua syarat tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka perjanjian yang telah dilakukan dapat dibatalkan artinya selama dan sepanjang para pihak tidak melakukan pembatalan atas perjanjian melalui pengadilan, maka perjanjian masih tetap berlaku. Sedangkan syarat ketiga dan keempat merupakan syarat yang bersifat obyektif karena mengenai perjanjiannya sendiri atau obyek dari perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan itu. Apabila dua syarat yang terakhir tidak terpenuhi maka perjanjian batal demi hukum artinya sejak semula dianggap tidak pernah ada perjanjian. Dalam membuat perjanjian harus tunduk pada hukum perjanjian dan tidak boleh berlawanan dengan hukum yang berlaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 353, "width": 468, "height": 58, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berikut penulis akan menganalisis apakah syarat sah perjanjian jual beli yang dilakukan oleh Joko Surono dan Ily Sasmita Atmadja telah memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian atau tidak memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian, yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 426, "width": 232, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Sepakat mereka yang mengikatkan diri;", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 467, "height": 193, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesepakatan dalam perjanjian merupakan perwujudan dari kehendak dua atau lebih pihak dalam perjanjian mengenai apa yang mereka kehendaki untuk dilaksanakan, bagaimana cara melaksanakannya, kapan harus dilaksanakan dan siapa harus melaksanakan. Dalam kasus yang diteliti oleh penulis, Perjanjian jual beli tanah yang dibuat jelas para pihak telah menyepakati bahwa Penggugat bertindak sebagai pembeli tanah dan Tergugat bertindak sebagai penjual tanah. Mengenai kesepakatan para pihak dituangkan ke dalam Perjanjian jual beli nomor 110/2011 tanggal 1 maret 2011 yang dibuat dihadapan Lenny Resminary Suhaemalfasa, AH. M.Kn, PPAT/Notaris di purwakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 468, "height": 59, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jual Beli tanggal 1 Maret 2011 atas sebidang tanah dan bangunan seluas 860 meterpersegi, setipikat Nomor 373 Nagritengah tercatat atas nama penggugat (Joko Surono) yang sebelumnya tercatat atas nama ili sasmita. Terletak di jalan ganda negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "221", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 468, "height": 59, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "nomor 24 kelurahan nagritengah, kecamatan purwakarta, kabupaten purwakarta, jawa barat. dapat diketahui menurut Subekti terdapat 3 (tiga) alasan tidak adanya kesepakatan, yaitu: 16)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 133, "width": 422, "height": 103, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Penipuan ( bedrog ), apabila satu pihak dengan sengaja memberikan keterangan-keterangan yang palsu atau tidak benar disertai dengan tipu muslihat unutk membujuk pihak lawannya. Suatu kebohongan pun dapat dianggap sebagai tipu muslihat dengan ketentuan bahwa kebohongan itu memberi suatu gambaran palsu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 250, "width": 427, "height": 82, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Dwaling ( kekhilafan ), apabila salah satu pihak khilaf tentang hal-hal yang pokok dari apa yang diperjanjikan atau tentang sifat-sifat yang penting dari barang yang menjadi obyek perjanjian, ataupun mengenai orang dengan siapa diadakan perjanjian tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 346, "width": 422, "height": 148, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Paksaan ( geweld ), Paksaan rohani atau paksaan jiwa ( pyschis ), jadi bukan paksaan badan atau fisik. Paksaan adalah suatu ancaman melawan hukum yang akan menimbulkan suatu kerugan terhadap seseorang atau harta bendanya, dengan maksud agar orang itu melakukan tindakan atau tidak melakukan suatu tindakan. Dalam mempertimbangkan hal tersebut harus diperhatikan usia, jenis kelamin, dan kedudukan orang yang bersangkutan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 508, "width": 468, "height": 104, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jadi menurut Penulis unsur penipuan terpenuhi didalam Perjanjian Jual Beli antara Joko Surono dan Ily Sasmita Atmadja, karena dalam jual beli ini penjual dalam hal ini tidak secara jujur mengutarakan yang sebenranya bahwa objek jual beli tersebut bukan miliknya, melainkan ada orrang yang lebih berhak dari dirinya berdasarkan putusan pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 625, "width": 257, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perjanjian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 468, "height": 81, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mengadakan kontrak para pihak harus cakap, namun dapat saja terjadi bahwa para pihak atau salah satu pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian adalah tidak cakap menurut hukum. Seseorang oleh hukum dianggap tidak cakap untuk melakukan perjanjian jika orang tersebut belum berumur 21 tahun, kecuali jika ia telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "222", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 468, "height": 59, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kawin sebelum umur 21 tahun. Sebaliknya setiap orang yang berumur 21 tahun ke atas, oleh hukum dianggap cakap, kecuali karena suatu hal dia ditaruh di bawah pengampuan, seperti gelap mata, dungu sakit ingatan, atau pemboros. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 130, "width": 426, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan seseorang dianggap tidak cakap apabila: 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 159, "width": 259, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Belum berusia 21 tahun dan belum menikah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 187, "width": 385, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Berusia 21 tahun, tetapi gelap mata, sakit ingatan, dungu, atau boros", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 216, "width": 467, "height": 36, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sementara itu dalam Pasal 1330 BW ditentukan bahwa tidak cakap untuk membuat perjanjian adalah: 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 265, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Orang-orang yang belum dewasa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 293, "width": 262, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Mereka yang ditaruh di bawah pengampuan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 321, "width": 407, "height": 59, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Orang-orang perempuan dalam hal-hal yang ditetapkan oleh undang- undang dan pada umumnya semua orang kepada siapa undang-undang telah melarang membuat perjanjian-perjanjian tertentu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 467, "height": 125, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Khusus huruf c diatas mengenai perempuan dalam hal yang ditetapkan dalam undang-undang sekarang ini tidak dipatuhi lagi karena hak perempuan dan laki-laki telah disamakan dalam hal membuat perjanjian sedangkan untuk orang-orang yang dilarang oleh perjanjian untuk membuat perjanjian tertentu sebenarnya tidak tergolong sebagai orang yang tidak cakap, tetapi hanya tidak berwenang membuat perjanjian tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 535, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Suatu hal tertentu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 468, "height": 81, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam suatu perjanjian objek perjanjian harus jelas dan ditentukan oleh para pihak, objek perjanjian tersebut dapat berupa barang merupakan jasa, namun dapat juga berupa tidak berbuat sesuatu. Hal tertentu ini dalam perjanjian disebut prestasi yang dapat berwujud barang, keahlian atau tenaga, dan tidak berbuat sesuatu. 18 Kitab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 679, "width": 281, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "15 Ahmadi Miru, Hukum perikatan. Jakarta, Rajawali Pers. hlm 29", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 692, "width": 63, "height": 37, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "16 Ibid. 17 Ibid. 18 Ibid. hlm 30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "223", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 468, "height": 372, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata menjelaskan maksud hal tertentu, dengan memberikan rumusan dalam Pasal 1333 Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata yang menyatakan bahwa: ”Suatu perjanjia n harus mempunyai sebagai pokok perjanjian berupa suatu kebendaan yang paling sedikit ditentukan jenisnya, tidaklah menjadi halangan bahwa jumlah kebendaan tidak tentu, asal saja jumlah itu kemudian dapat ditentukan atau dihitung . ” Menegaskan bahwa apapun jenis perikatannya, baik itu perikatan untuk memberikan sesuatu, berbuat sesuatu, atau tidak berbuat sesuatu, semua jenis perikatan itu pasti melibatkan keberadaan atau eksistensi dari suatu kebendaan tertentu. Dalam kasus ini, yang menjadi obyek yang diperjualbelikan antara penggugat dan tergugat adalah sebidang tanah dan bangunan seluas 860 meterpersegi, setipikat Nomor 373 Nagritengah tercatat atas nama penggugat (Joko Surono) yang sebelumnya tercatat atas nama ili sasmita. Terletak di jalan ganda negara nomor 24 kelurahan nagritengah, kecamatan purwakarta, kabupaten purwakarta, jawa barat. Joko Surono membeli sebidang tanah dan bangunan tersebut seharga Rp. 506.000.000 (lima ratus enam juta rupiah) yang dituangkan dalam akta jual beli Nomor 110/2011 tanggal 1 maret 2011 yang dibuat dihadapan Lenny Resminary Suhaemalfasa, AH. M.Kn, PPAT/Notaris di purwakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 446, "width": 114, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Sebab yang halal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 453, "height": 59, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Istilah kata halal bukanlah lawan kata haram dalam hukum islam, tetapi yang dimaksud sebab yang halal adalah bahwa isi perjanjian tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 468, "height": 148, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada kasus ini perjanjian jual beli yang dilakukan antara penggugat dengan tergugat tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat sahnya perjanjian. Hal ini dikarenakan, Tergugat telah melanggar Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata huruf (a) dalam hal Tergugat melakukan perjanjian jual beli barang yang jelas-jelas bukan miliknya dan tidak mendapatkan persetujuan dari anak-anak pewaris yang juga merupakan pemilik sah dari obyek didalam perjanjian jual beli tersebut. Sebagaimana telah diketahui bahwa jika ingin menjual tanah tersebut, maka Tergugat harus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 77, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "19 Ibid. hlm 30-31", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "224", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 468, "height": 305, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mendapatkan izin dari semua orang yang menjadi pemilik atas obyek tersebut, oleh karena itu Tergugat sudah lalai dan telah merugikan Penggugat. Menurut Penulis, dari melihat awal dari perjanjian Penjual atau Tergugat sudah tidak mempunyai itikad baik dalam melakukan perjanjian jual beli tersebut karena tidak memberitahu pembeli bahwa bukan hanya penjual sebagai pemilik sah atas obyek yang diperjanjikan tetapi masih ada orang lain yang juga sebagai pemilik sah atas obyek tersebut dan pada saat ingin melanjutkan perjanjian jual beli tanah tersebut ke akta jual beli. penjual sudah merugikan pembeli yang ingin membeli tanah tersebut atau penjual dapat dikatakan melakukan penipuan. Penipuan dalam hukum perdata terjadi dikarenakan akibat salah satu pihak tidak melaksanakan kewajiban yang telah diperjanjikan atau satu pihak dengan sengaja memberikan keterangan-keterangan yang palsu atau tidak benar disertai dengan tipu muslihat unutk membujuk pihak lawannya. Dan tidak adanya asas itikad tidak baik dari penjual terhadap perjanjian yang telah dibuat oleh kedua belah pihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 375, "width": 468, "height": 349, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya Penulis menganalisis mengenai itikad baik dari pembeli sebagaimana telah Penulis jelaskan diatas, bahwa penerapan asas itikad baik tidak boleh bertentangan dengan asas-asas hukum perjanjian serta peraturan perundangan- perundangan yang berlaku. Prinsip itikad baik memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting dalam pembuatan kontrak. Itikad baik pelaksanaan kontrak mengacu kepada itikad baik yang obyektif. Standar yang digunakan dalam itikad baik adalah standar obyektif yang mengacu kepada suatu norma yang obyektif. Ketentuan itikad baik menunjuk kepada norma-norma tidak tertulis yang sudah menjadi norma hukum sebagai suatu sumber hukum tersendiri. Norma tersebut dikatakan obyektif karena tingkah laku tidak didasarkan pada anggapan para pihak sendiri, tetapi tingkah laku harus sesuai dengan anggapan umum tentang itikad baik tersebut. Setelah meneliti dan mempelajari perbuatan pembeli di dalam perjanjian dan salah satu cara melihat itikad baik dari pembeli dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melihat apakah pembeli tersebut mengetahui bahwa tanah yang akan dibelinya tersebut milik dari penjual atau bukan atau ada pemilik yang lain. Penjual dalam hal ini tidak beritikad baik karena menutupi sebagian fakta dari obyek sengketa yang sebenarnya dimiliki oleh lebih dari 1 (satu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "225", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 468, "height": 36, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "orang sebagai pemilik waris yang sah dan objek yang dijual tersebut masih dalam sita jaminan oleh pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 468, "height": 304, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada putusan tersebut diatas memutus bahwa Tergugat telah melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum secara tidak langsung hakim telah menyatakan bahwa perjanjian jual beli tanah dalam kasus ini adalah tidak sah dan. Menurut pendapat penulis, Perjanjian Jual Beli dalam kasus ini seharusnya batal hukum karena penjual dalam hal ini adalah Ily Sasmita Atmadja menjual barang yang bukan miliknya, sehingga akibat dari perjanjian batal demi hukum tersebut adalah keadaan harus dikembalikan seperti sedia kala. Sehingga, Perjanjian Jual Beli tersebut menjadi batal karena perjanjian tersebut dianggap sama dengan menjual tanah milik orang lain, sesuai dengan Pasal 1471 Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata yang menyatakan bahwa: “ Jual beli benda orang lain adalah batal, dan dapat memberikan dasar untuk pengganti biaya, kerugian dan bunga, jika si pembeli tidak telah mengetahui bahwa barang itu kepunyaan orang lain.” , karena perjanjian tersebut batal demi hukum. Dengan demikian maka keadaan harus dikembalikan seperti semula sebelum ada perjanjian, maka semua klausul tidak dapat diterapkan dan akibat wanprestasi pun menjadi musnah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 474, "height": 260, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada kasus tersebut seharusnya pembeli dalam hal ini adalah orang yang dirugikan harus diberikan perlindungan, karena pembeli telah melakukan pembelian tersebut dengan itikad baik yang telah diatur dalam pasal 1338 ayat (3), dan telah dipertegas dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor (SEMA) No.4 Tahun 2016 tentang Pemberlakuan Rumusan Hasil Rapat Pleno Kamar Mahkamah Agung Tahun 2016. Perlindungan hukum itu sendiri adalah segala bentuk tindakan yang bertujuan memberikan kondisi aman, nyaman dan berkepastian hukum bagi subyek hukum serta orang perorangan maupun badan hukum. Perlindungan hukum ini dilakukan tentunya untuk membatasi dan menghindari terjadinya suatu tindakan yang dilakukan secara sewenang-wenang. Menurut Dyah Octhorina Susanti perlindungan hukum adalah salah satu wacana yang banyak digulirkan guna menjamin hak-hak masyarakat. 20 Teori perlindungan hukum, terkait dengan hukum ekonomi bertujuan mengintegrasikan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "20 Dyah Ochtorina Susanti. Dalam Tesis Ririk Eko Prastyo, Prinsip Keseimbangan dalam Perjanjian Kredit Perbankan Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Bank, Fakultas Hukum. Universitas Jember. Jember, 2015, Hlm 91", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "226", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 473, "height": 260, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mengkordinasikan berbagai kepentingan tersebut, karena dalam suatu lalu lintas kepentingan, perlindungan terhadap kepentingan tertentu hanya dapat dilakukan dengan cara membatasi kepentingan di lain pihak. Substansi Perlindungan hukum itu sendiri adalah asas kemanfaatan yang meliputi asas keamanan dan keselamatan konsumen yang dalam hal ini ada Joko Surono sebagai pembeli yang beritikad baik, yang kedua haruslah memberikan keadilan dan yang ketiga substansi perlindungan hukum haruslah memberikan kepastian hukum. 21 Oleh sebab itu dalam putusan tersebut menurut penulis secara tidak langsung telah memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada pembeli secara tidak langsung dengan cara membatalkan perjanjian tersebut sehingga akibatnya pihak penjual yang dalam hal ini adalah Ily Sasmita Atmadja harus mengembalikan Uang hasil penjualan tersebut kepada Joko Surono yang dalam hal ini adalah pembeli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 326, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 467, "height": 36, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian analisis di atas, maka penulis berkesimpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 468, "height": 260, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian jual beli antara joko surono sebagai pembeli dan ily sasmita atmadja sebagai penjual yang dilaksanakan dengan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak yang dibuat secara tertulis dengan akta perjanjian jual beli Nomor 110/2011 tanggal 1 maret 2011 yang dibuat dihadapan Lenny Resminary Suhaemalfasa, AH. M.Kn, PPAT/Notaris di purwakarta. Terbukti dengan jelas bahwa dalam melakukan perjanjian tersebut sudah tidak memenuhi unsur itikad baik. Perjanjian jual beli tersebut yang sebenarnya tanah tersebut bukan merupakan milik penjual sajatetapi juga mili ke lima orang lainnya. Menurut penulis Dalam putusan hakim seharusnya memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap Joko Surono yang dalam hal ini adalah pembeli yang beitikad baik, bentuk perlindungannya yaitu menyatakan akta tersebut batal demi hukum karena Ily Sasmita Atmadja yang dalam hal ini bukan merupakan orang yang berhak menjual objek tersebut yang mengakibatkan segala uang penjualan yang diterima dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 473, "height": 24, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "21 Ahmadi Miru dan Sutarman Yodo, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen , PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2014, Hlm 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 742, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "227", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 468, "height": 36, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penjualan tanah tersebut harus dikembalikan kepada pembeli yang dalam hal ini adalah Joko Surono.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 134, "width": 118, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 473, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abdulkadir Muhammad. (1992). Hukum Perikatan , Cetakan ke-3. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 190, "width": 473, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Agus Yudha Hernoko. (2008) Hukum Perjanjian Azas Proporsionalitas Dalam Kontrak Komersial , Yogyakarta: Laksbang Mediatama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 473, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ahmadi Miru dan Sutarman Yodo. (2014). Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen , PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 474, "height": 86, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ahmadi Miru. (2010). Hukum Kontrak Perancangan Kontrak. Rajawali Pers. Jakarta. Ahmadi Miru, Nurfaidah Said, Amirah. (2013). Perlindungan Hukum Rahasia Dagang Dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama Waralaba, Jurnal Analisis, Volume. 2. No 2.: 165:171. Anwar Borahima, Sukarno Aburaera, Andi Hasnawi. (tt.). Penerapan Asas Itikad Baik Pada Perjanjian Kredi Modal Kerja Bank , Penelitian Hukum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 473, "height": 44, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Asser Rutten, dalam bambang sutiyoso. (2013). “Penafsiran Kontrak Menurut Kit ab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata dan maknanya bagi para pihak yang bersangkutan”, jurnal hukum Ius Quia Iustum . Vol. 20, No. 2 ,2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 405, "width": 474, "height": 44, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dyah Ochtorina Susanti. Dalam Tesis Ririk Eko Prastyo. (2015). Prinsip Keseimbangan dalam Perjanjian Kredit Perbankan Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Bank, Fakultas Hukum. Universitas Jember. Jember, 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 470, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum (Pilihan Metode dan Praktik Penulisan Artikel),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 471, "width": 191, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yogyakarta: Mira Buana Cetakan 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 491, "width": 474, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mohammad Amri Gede, Nurfaidah Said , Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra. (2020).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 506, "width": 445, "height": 44, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "“ Kekuatan Hukum Irah-Irah Eksekutorial Pada Grosse Akta Sebaga Dasar Eksekusi Jaminan, Universitas Kendari ” . Jurnal Halu Oleo Law Review, Volume 14, No. 1 Tahun 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 382, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "R. Subekti. (2005). Hukum Perjanjian , Cetakan ke-21. Jakarta: Intermasa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 474, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ridwan Khairandy. (2017). Itikad Baik dalam Kontrak di Berbagai Sistem Hukum , (Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 474, "height": 74, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rusmiyati dan Antari Innaka. (2012). “ Kedudukan Asas Itikad Baik Dalam Pengertian Objektif (Kepatutan) Dalam Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Tanah Dan Akta Kuasa Menjual Tanah (Sudi Kasus Pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sleman Register Perkara Nomor 01/PDT.G/2010/PN.SLMN ” . Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Gadjah Mada , Volume V, April 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 473, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Suharnoko. (2007). Hukum Perjanjian, Teori dan Analisa Kasus, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 444, "top": 36, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, Januari 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 311, "top": 732, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "228", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 474, "height": 29, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Supriadi. (2006). Etika dan Tanggung Jawab Profesi Hukum di Indonesia . Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 460, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yahman. (tt.). Karakteristik Wanprestasi dan Tindak Pidana Penipuan . Surabaya: Kencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 135, "width": 96, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber internet:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 473, "height": 29, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "www.sinta.unud.ac.id , tinjauan umum asas itikad baik dan pengaturanya, yang diakses pada tanggal 11 januari 2021 pada pukul 21.00 WITA", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 41, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2 Hal. 261-267", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 41, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN (Print) : 2614 – 8064", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 58, "width": 61, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "September 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 373, "top": 57, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN (Online): 2654 – 4652", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "261", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 88, "width": 437, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 129, "width": 328, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syifa Ananda (1), Muhyiatul Fadilah (2), Heffi Alberida(3), Suci Fajrina(4),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 151, "width": 349, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 186, "width": 428, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected] (1), [email protected] (2), [email protected] (3), [email protected] (4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 222, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 442, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik dengan diferensiasi intelektual kelas XI SMA N 5 Padang. Jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan post- test only control group design. Populasi adalah seluruh kelas XI MIPA SMAN 5 Padang tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan XI MIPA 7 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penilaian system thinking berupa tes essay yang jawabannya dalam bentuk peta konsep. Analisis data menggunakan uji independent sample t-test dan uji korelasi rank spearman menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian system thinking pada kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol dengan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 67,27 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 54,86. Hasil analisis data pengaruh PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, artinya terdapat perbedaan signifikan system thinking antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian hubungan IQ dan system thinking peserta didik kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol dengan nilai koefisien korelasi IQ pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,446 atau 19,8% dan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 0,091 atau 0,8%. Artinya kelas yang menggunakan model PBL dalam pembelajaran biologi memberikan nilai kontribusi IQ sebesar 19,8% terhadap system thinking dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya yaitu faktor eksternal dan faktor internal. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah terdapat pengaruh model PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik dengan diferensiasi intelektual kelas XI SMA N 5 Padang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 378, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Problem Based Learning, kemampuan system thinking, diferensiasi intelektual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 475, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 442, "height": 192, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of PBL on system thinking of students with intellectual differentiation in class XI SMA N 5 Padang. This type of research is quasi-experimental with post-test only control group design. The population is the entire class XI MIPA SMAN 5 Padang in the 2022/2023 academic year. The samples in this study were students of class XI MIPA 1 as the control class and XI MIPA 7 as the experimental class. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. System thinking assessment instrument in the form of essay tests whose answers are in the form of concept maps. Data analysis using independent sample t-test and spearman rank correlation test using SPSS version 25. The results of system thinking research in the experimental class have a higher value than the control class with an average value of the experimental class of 67.27 and the control class of 54.86. The results of data analysis of the effect of PBL on students' system thinking are 0.000 <0.05, meaning that there is a significant difference in system thinking between experimental and control classes. The results of research on the relationship between IQ and system thinking of experimental class students are higher than the control class with a correlation coefficient value of IQ in the experimental class of 0.446 or 19.8% and in the control class of 0.091 or 0.8%. This means that classes that use PBL models in biology learning provide an IQ contribution value of 19.8% to system thinking and the rest is influenced by other factors, namely external factors and internal factors. The conclusion obtained is that there is an effect of PBL model on system thinking of students with intellectual differentiation in class XI SMA N 5 Padang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 705, "width": 364, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Problem Based Learning, system thinking ability, intellectual differentiation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda S, Fadilah M : Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "262", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 107, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 121, "width": 443, "height": 646, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemajuan dalam ilmu biologi saat ini memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengatasi banyak tantangan utama yang dihadapi dunia. Pemahaman terhadap materi biologi membantu individu menjelaskan permasalahan dan mencari solusi terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan manusia. Misalnya, cabang ilmu biologi yaitu imunologi yang mempelajari mengenai sistem imun atau sistem kekebalan tubuh pada manusia. Sistem imun berperan melawan serangan berbagai jenis patogen, sehingga tubuh manusia tetap berada dalam kondisi sehat. Tanpa sistem imun, tubuh akan rentan terkena serangan bakteri, pararsit, dan virus. Oleh sebab itu perkembangan dalam biologi harus disampaikan dalam bentuk pembelajaran biologi dikelas (Octaviani dkk., 2020). Karakteristik pembelajaran biologi menghendaki peserta didik mencari tahu dan memahami tentang alam secara sistematis. Dengan demikian peserta didik dituntut untuk berpikir kritis (Tanjung, 2016). Padahal, pembelajaran dengan berbasis kasus dapat membantu peserta didik untuk mengaitkan konsep pembelajaran dengan konsep lainnya dan kegiatan sehari-hari mengingat materi biologi yang sangat kompleks. Salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah adalah kemampuan system thinking . System thinking merupakan kemampuan untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan melihat aspek-aspek lain dari berbagai sumber keseluruhan serta kaitan konsep tersebut dengan ilmu-ilmu lain (Nuraeni dkk ., 2020). Hasil pengamatan peneliti pada saat pelaksanaan Praktek Lapangan Kependidikan (PLK) yang telah dilakukan di SMAN 5 Padang, peserta didik belum menunjukkan system thinking dalam pembelajaran biologi. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari beberapa peserta didik yang hanya menerima materi yang di jelaskan oleh guru, tetapi tidak mempunyai keinginan untuk mengetahui fenomena yang terjadi pada kehidupan sehari hari sesuai dengan materi yang sedang di pelajari. Padahal, system thinking menjadi salah satu kompetensi kunci dalam mewujudkan pendidikan berkualitas agenda SDGs ( Sustainable Development Goals ) 2030 (Hamdu dkk., 2021). Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Nuraeni dkk., (2020) bahwa system thinking sangat diperlukan karena proses untuk mengaitkan materi yang satu dengan materi yang lainnya menjadi lebih mudah. Kurangnya kemampuan system thinking peserta didik juga terlihat dari angket system thinking yang sudah diberikan. Berdasarkan angket tersebut peserta didik belum pernah mempelajari materi biologi dengan menerapkan dua konsep non-linier . Lebih lanjut, peserta didik belum mampu menggunakan konsep untuk menjelaskan mekanisme dan proses yang terdapat dalam suatu sistem organ . Salah satu cara peserta didik untuk membantu peserta didik dalam mengaitkan konsep dengan mekanisme dan proses dalam suatu sistem organ adalah dengan menggunakan peta konsep. System thinking menurut Senge dalam Feriver dkk., (2019) merupakan suatu disiplin untuk memahami sistem secara keseluruhan, suatu kerangka kerja untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan-hubungan dalam sistem dan seperangkat prinsip dan teknik untuk memperoleh pengertian tentang hubungan-hubungan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan system thinking pada pembelajaran, peserta didik akan lebih memahami bahwa perubahan dalam satu bagian sistem dapat mempengaruhi bagian lain yaitu semuanya saling berhubungan (Andriani & Hamdu, 2021. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Batubara & Reflina (2022) yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu faktor internal yang mempengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah seorang peserta didik adalah IQ. Faktor lain yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam melihat kemampuan system thinking adalah IQ, dikarenakan tujuan utama yang dicapai dalam system thinking adalah pemecahan suatu masalah. Oleh karna itu sangat erat kaitannya dengan IQ (Fadila, 2021). Kemampuan IQ dari peserta didik bermacam-macam. Rentangan nilai IQ yang digunakan yaitu nilai Stanford-Binet (1960).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda S, Fadilah M : Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "263", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 443, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bedasarkan paparan yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, system thinking peserta didik berkaitan dengan penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan berhubungan dengan diferensiasi intelektual. Oleh sebab itu peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik dengan diferensiasi intelektual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 149, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perumusan Masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang masalah diatas, yang menjadi rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 190, "width": 410, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Apakah pembelajaran biologi mengenai materi sistem imun dengan PBL dapat mempengaruhi cara system thinking peserta didik kelas XI di SMA N 5 Padang?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 217, "width": 411, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Bagaimana hubungan diferensiasi IQ dengan system thinking peserta didik kelas XI di SMA N 5 Padang melalui PBL?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tujuan Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik dengan diferensiasi intelektual pada materi sistem imun kelas XI di SMAN 5 Padang .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Manfaat Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manfaat penelitian ini adalah :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 328, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi yang disampaikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 410, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Memberikan pemahaman baru terhadap cara system thinking peserta didik dalam pembelajaran biologi berbasis PBL melalui LKPD.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 369, "width": 410, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Memberikan rekomendasi dan pedoman kepada guru mengenai cara belajar peserta didik tentang system thinking dalam pembelajaran biologi untuk mencapai pembelajaran yang optimal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 411, "width": 411, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Mengetahui gambaran mengenai implementasi model pembelajaran PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik dalam pembelajaran biologi sehingga dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk penelitian lain yang relevan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 480, "width": 443, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2022/2023 dalam bulan Mei- Juni 2023 di SMA N 5 Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Adapun desain penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuasi eksperimen ( quasy eksperiment ). Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalan penelitian ini adalah post-test only control group design . Dalam desain ini baik kelompok eksperimen maupun kelompok kontrol dibandingkan. Kelas eksperimen yang mendapatkan perlakuan sedangkan kelas kontrol tidak mendapatkan perlakuan. Pengambilan desain ini disesuaikan dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui pengaruh PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik dengan diferensiasi intelektual pada materi sistem imun kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling . Teknik purposive sampling dilakukan dengan cara mengambil subjek bukan didasarkan atas strata, random atau daerah tetapi didasarkan atas adanya tujuan tertentu atau dengan pertimbangan tertentu (Sugiyono, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 673, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 687, "width": 263, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pengaruh Model PBL terhadap System Thinking", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 443, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan didapatkan data system thinking peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMAN 5 Padang. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan secara statistik diperoleh nilai rata-rata ( mean ), nilai minimum, dan nilai maksimum kedua sampel tersebut seperti pada tabel dibawah ini .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda S, Fadilah M : Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "264", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 288, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Statistik Deskripsi System Thinking Kelas Sampel", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 147, "top": 108, "width": 309, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Statistik Nilai Post-test Kelas eksperimen Kelas kontrol Jumlah peserta didik 36 36 Rata-rata 67,27 54,86 Nilai minimum 63,35 50,80 Nilai maksimum 71,20 59,01 Simpangan baku 11,61 12,13", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 443, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data pada tabel diatas, diketahui nilai rata-rata kemampuan system thinking peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol. Rata- rata nilai post-test pada kelas eksperimen yaitu 67,27 (perlu peningkatan) dan pada kelas kontrol yaitu 54,86 (perlu peningkatan). Nilai rata-rata hasil tiap indikator yang diperoleh pada kelas sampel dapat diamati pada gambar dibawah ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 417, "width": 324, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Rata-Rata Per-Indikator Kemampuan System Thinking", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 443, "height": 272, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data post-test system thinking yang telah dilaksanakan, kelas yang menggunakan model PBL memiliki rasio rata-rata nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menggunakan model discovery learning . Indikator yang memiliki perbedaan rata-rata nilai yang signifikan antara peserta didik kelas dengan model PBL dan kelas dengan model discovery learning yang telah melaksanakan post-test adalah pada indikator 1 yaitu mengidentifikasi komponen dengan total nilai 82,10 pada kelas dengan PBL dan 65,45 pada kelas dengan discovery learning , serta indikator 4 yaitu bentuk kerangka interaksi peta konsep dengan total nilai 78,10 pada kelas dengan model PBL dan 59,00 pada kelas dengan model discovery learning . Peserta didik pada kelas dengan menggunakan model PBL dalam pembelejaran sudah mampu menunjukkan beberapa komponen yang terkait sesuai dengan soal yang diberikan. Peserta didik pada kelas dengan PBL juga sudah mampu dalam membuat bentuk kerangka peta konsep yang kaya dan saling berhubungan. Analisis data menggunakan uji independent sample t-test, dan didapatkan hasil nilai sig. (2- tailed ) sebesar 0,000 dimana nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kelas yang menggunakan model PBL berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan system thinking peserta didik dibandingkan kelas yang menggunakan model discovery learning . Hasil uji hipotesis pengaruh PBL terhadap system thinking dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut Tabel 2. Hasil sampel T-test Independent Samples T-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 298, "width": 331, "height": 463, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t-test for Equality of Means t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the 82.1 55.40 53.50 78.10 65.45 51.22 43.60 59.00 0 50 100 Rata-Rata Nilai Post-Test Setiap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 241, "top": 312, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indikator System Thinking", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 244, "top": 395, "width": 62, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelas Ekperimen", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 324, "top": 395, "width": 51, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelas Kontrol", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda S, Fadilah M : Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "265", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 93, "width": 381, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Difference Lower Upper Equal variences assumed 4,421 70 0,000 12,37153 2,79857 6,78996 17,95310", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 442, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sesuai dengan pendapat Apriyani dkk., (2019) bahwa kelas yang menerapkan model PBL membantu peserta didik untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan barunya dan bertanggung jawab dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan sehingga dapat mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik untuk berpikir kritis. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PBL berbantuan LKPD dapat melatih peserta didik untuk belajar mandiri, belajar berkelompok untuk membantu peserta didik mengeksplor dan mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah, memahami materi yang dipelajari, dan mengembangkan pengetahuannya (Karsim dkk., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 360, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hubungan Intelektual (IQ) terhadap Kemampuan System Thinking", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 443, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini juga diamati faktor lain yaitu perbedaan nilai IQ yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik. Pengaruh model PBL terhadap system thinking peserta didik diamati pada rentangan IQ menurut Stanford-Binet (1960). Hasil rata-rata system thinking peserta didik yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan nilai IQ adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 405, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Deskripsi Nilai IQ Kelas Sampel Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol (90-109) (110-119) (120-129) (90-109) (110-119) (120-129) N 21 5 10 21 9 6 N% 58% 14% 28% 58% 25% 17% Rata- Rata 63,69 70,00 73,44 54,62 48,15 57,03", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata pada tabel diatas, diketahui pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata tertinggi yaitu pada IQ rentangan 120-129. Rata-rata nilai setiap indikator pada system thinking peserta didik berdasarkan pengelompokkan nilai IQ dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 635, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2 . Rata-rata nilai setiap indikator pada system thinking peserta didik berdasarkan pengelompokkan nilai IQ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 442, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada gambar diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa peserta didik dengan rentangan IQ 120-129 dalam kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata nilai yang tinggi pada setiap indikatornya dibandingkan dengan rentangan IQ 90-109 dan IQ 110-119. Begitu juga dengan kelas kontrol, peserta didik dengan rentangan IQ 120-129 memiliki rata-rata nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rentangan IQ 90-109 dan IQ 110-119. Setelah diperoleh rata- rata nilai setiap rentangan IQ, selanjutnya dilakukan uji hipotesis hubungan intelektual terhadap system thinking peserta didik. Uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda S, Fadilah M : Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "266", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Korelasi Rank Spearman. Digunakannya uji Korelasi Rank Spearman karena hasil nilai uji prasyarat memiliki data yang tidak terdistribusi normal namun terdapat hubungan yang linear antara nilai IQ dan system thinking peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil uji hipotesis pada kelas eksperimen dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut: Tabel 4. Uji Hipotesis System Thinking Berdasarkan Intelektual Kelas Eksperimen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 163, "width": 364, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correlation IQ ST Spearman’s rho IQ Correlation Coefficient 1.000 0,446 Sig. (2-tailed) . 0,006 N 36 36 ST Correlation Coefficient 0,446 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) 0,006 . N 36 36", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 443, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat diketahui bahwa hasil uji hipotesis dengan Uji Korelasi Rank Spearman diperoleh nilai signifikan 2-tailed sebesar 0,006 dengan nilai sig. < 0,05 sehingga data berkorelasi, dengan nilai keeratan hubungan sebesar 0,446 atau 19,8% yaitu korelasi cukup. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa skor IQ cukup berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan system thinking peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen. Hasil uji hipotesis pada kelas kontrol dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 373, "width": 389, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Uji Normalitas System Thinking Berdasarkan Intelektual Kelas Kontrol Correlation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 402, "width": 357, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IQ ST Spearman’s rho IQ Correlation Coefficient 1.000 0,091 Sig. (2-tailed) . 0,598 N 36 36 ST Correlation Coefficient 0,091 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) 0,598 . N 36 36", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 443, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat diketahui bahwa hasil uji hipotesis dengan Uji Korelasi Rank Spearman diperoleh nilai signifikan 2-tailed sebesar 0,598 dengan nilai sig. > 0,05 sehingga data tidak berkolerasi, dengan nilai keeratan hubungan sebesar 0,091 atau 0,8% yaitu korelasi lemah. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa skor IQ tidak berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan system thinking peserta didik pada kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan uji Korelasi Rank Spearman , dapat digambarkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang cukup antara IQ terhadap system thinking peserta didik dengan bantuan model PBL dibandingkan model discovery learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 651, "width": 442, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kandungan klorofil pada pemupukan sebelum dan sesudah pemupukan tidak berbeda nyata, akan tetapi berdasarkan angka rataan, kandungan klorofil daun pada saat sebelum pemberian pupuk ZA lebih rendah dibandingkan setelah pemupukan. Kandungan nitrogen daun saat sebelum dan sesudah pemupukan berbeda nyata. Dan kandungan nitrogen daun meningkat setelah dilakukan pemupukan. Kandungan kadar air daun tanaman salak sebelum dan sesudah pemupukan juga berbeda nyata dan kadar air daun meningkat setelah dilakukan pemupukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda S, Fadilah M : Pengaruh Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap System Thinking Peserta Didik Dengna Diferensiasi Intelektual Pada Materi Sistem Imun Kelas XI SMAN 5 Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "267", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 107, "width": 443, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andriani, D., & Hamdu, G. 2021. Analisis Rubrik Penilaian Berbasis Education for Sustainable Development dan Konteks Berpikir Sistem di Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 3 (4), 1326-1336.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apriyani, L., Nurlaelah, I., & Setiawati, I. (2017). Penerapan Model PBL untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Akademik Siswa pada Materi Biologi. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi , 9 (01)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 190, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batubara, N. K., & Reflina, R. 2023. Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Pada Pokok Bahasan Program Linier Berdasarkan Tingkat Intelligence Quotient. AXIOM: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Matematika , 11(2), 180-192.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fadila, H. N. 2021. Tingkat Intellegence Quotient (IQ) dan Capaian Hafalan Al-Qur’an Siswa di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Psikologi Wijaya Putra , 2(2), 1-9.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 256, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Feriver, Ş., Olgan, R., Teksöz, G., & Barth, M. 2019. Systems Thinking Skills of Preschool Children in Early Childhood Education Contexts from Turkey and Germany. Sustainability , 11(5), 1478.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitriana, A., Imron, A., & Arif, S. 2017. Hubungan Antara Hasil Tes Iq (Intelligence Quotient) Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa . PESAGI (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Penelitian Sejarah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hamdu, G., Suryani, L., & Prana, A. M. 2021. Tingkat Kesulitan Soal Tes Berpikir Sistem Pada Implementasi Pembelajaran Education for Sustainable Development di Sekolah Dasar. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPATI (Vol. 1, No. 1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 383, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidayatno, A. 2016. Berpikir Sistem: Pola Berpikir untuk Pemahaman Masalah Yang Lebih Baik. Research Gate .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 411, "width": 443, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karsim, K., Suyitno, H., & Isnarto, I. (2017). Influence of IQ and Mathematical Disposition Toward the Problem Solving Ability of Learners Grade VII Through PBL Learning Model with the Assistance LKPD. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education , 6 (3), 352-359.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mayasari, A., Arifudin, O., & Juliawati, E. (2022). Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan Pembelajaran. Jurnal Tahsinia , 3 (2), 167-175.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mukharomah, E., Hidayat, S., Handaiyani, S., & Kartika, A. (2021). Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Pengetahuan Lingkungan. BIOSFER: Jurnal Biologi Dan Pendidikan Biologi , 6 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nuraeni, R., & Himatul, A. 2020. Profil Kemampuan Berpikir Sistem Siswa Kelas XI SMA pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan. Pedagogi Hayati , 4 (1), 1-9", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Octaviani, F. R., Murniasih, A. T., Dewi, D. K., & Agustina, L. 2020. Apersepsi Berbasis Lingkungan Sekitar Sebagai Pemusatan Fokus Pembelajaran Biologi Selama Pembelajaran Daring. Buletin Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran , 2(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted Date Revised Date Decided Date Accepted to Publish 02 Agustus 2023 18 Agustus 2023 10 September 2023 Ya", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 299, "top": 783, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 190, "top": 42, "width": 309, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of S ocial and Economics Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 64, "width": 176, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Issue 1, Desember 2019 P-ISSN E-ISSN Open Access at: http://idm.or.id/JSCR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 149, "width": 402, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GAMBARAN PENDIDIKANDAN USIA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN KEHAMILAN K4 DIPUSKESMAS TALANG BAKUNG, KOTA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 176, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JAMBI TAHUN 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 202, "width": 354, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DESCRIPTION OF EDUCATION AND AGE OF PREGNANT WOMEN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 215, "width": 378, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "TOWARDS K4 PREGNANCY VISITS AT THE TALANG BAKUNG HEALTH CENTER IN 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 255, "width": 245, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rini Febrianti Prodi D III Kebidanan STIKes Keluarga Bunda Jambi E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 309, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INFO ARTIKEL", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 309, "width": 50, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 336, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koresponden", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 358, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rini Febrianti [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 435, "width": 49, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 452, "width": 101, "height": 87, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendidikan, usia dan kunjungan kehamilan K4 Website: http://idm.or.id/JSCR", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 105, "top": 595, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hal: 42 - 47", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 336, "width": 284, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingginya angka kematian ibu karena komplikasi pada kehamilan dapat dicegah, dideteksi dan diobati saat kunjungan kehamilan dengan petugas kesehatan terlatih. World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan 4 kali kunjungan ibu hamil dalam pelayanan antenatal.Cakupan kunjungan kehamilan K4 di Propinsi Jambi pada Tahun 2018 adalah 89,59%. Nilai cakupan tersebut belum mencapai target Tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 95 %. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran pendidikan dan usia ibu hamil terhadap kunjungan kehamilan K4 di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 447, "width": 284, "height": 157, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil trimester III yang melakukan kunjungan kehamilan dari bulan Juli s/d November di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019 yaitu sebanyak 108 ibu hamil dan sampel sebanyak 38 orang ibu hamil, pengumpulan data dengan cara kuesiner. Hasil penelitian ibu hamil yang tidakmelakukan kunjungankehamilan K4di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019sebesar 57,9%, sebagian besar berpendidikan rendah (63.1%) danberusia 20-35 tahun (71.1%). Sebagian besar ibu hamil berpendidikan rendah tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 (47.4%). Sebagian besar ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya di puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019 adalah ibu hamil yang berusia 20-35 tahun (tidak beresiko) yaitu 39.5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 627, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2019 JSCR. All rights reserved.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 36, "width": 387, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Social and Economics Research (JSER). Vol. 1, Issue 1, December 2019: 42-47", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 783, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 105, "top": 91, "width": 182, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 120, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correspondent:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 137, "width": 94, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rini Febrianti [email protected] keywords: education, age and pregnancy visit K4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 120, "width": 408, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "page: 42 – 47 The high maternal mortality rate due to complications in pregnancy can be prevented, detected and treated during visits with trained health workers. The World Health Organization (WHO) stipulates 4 visits of pegnant women in antenatal care. Coverage of K4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 234, "top": 168, "width": 279, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pregnancy visits in Jambi Province 2018 was 89.59%. the coverage value has not yet reached the 2018 target 0f 95%. This research was conducted to find out the description of educaton and age of pregnancy visits at Talang Bakung Health Center in Jambi city in 2019. This research in descriptive using cross sectional method, the population in this study were all trimester III pregnant women who carried out pregnancy visits from july to November in the Talang Bakung Health Center in Jambi City in 2019 with 108 pregnant womenand a sample of 38 people pregnant women, data collection by questionnaire. The result of the study showed that progrnat women don not visit K4 in the Health Center of Talang Bakung Jambi city in 2019 was 57.9%, with majoritywere low lever education 63.1%)and agend20-35 years (71.1%). Most pregnant women who do K4 in low lever education did not visit K4 pregnancy 47.4%. The majority of pregnant women examined K4 at the health center of Talang Bakung Jambi city in 2019 were women aged 20-35 years (no risk) for 39,5%.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 365, "top": 389, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2019 JSCR. All rights reserved.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 427, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 446, "width": 414, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini angka kematian maternal di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 303/100.000 kelahiran hidup (SDKI, 2017). Salah satu faktor penting dalam upaya penurunan angka kematian tersebut yaitu penyediaan pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal yang berkualitas dekat dengan masyarakat belum terlaksana dengan baik. Untuk itu pemerintah mencanangkan Making Pregnancy Safer (MPS), yang pada dasarnya menekankan pada penyediaan pelayanan kesehatan maternal yang cost- effective (Saifudin, 2015). Target Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 adalah 102 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran hidup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 562, "width": 414, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip pokok asuhan kehamilan merupakan dasar kebenaran yang menjadi pokok dasar berpikir, bertindak dan sebagainya. Sebagai seorang bidan dalam melakukan asuhan kebidanan harus berdasarkan prinsip sesuai tugas pokok dan fungsinya agar apa yang dilakukan tidak melanggar kewenangan atau mal praktik. Selain harus memiliki kompetensi, bidan dalam melaksanakan asuhan harus berpegang pada Undang-Undang Kesehatan Nomor 23 Tahun 1992; Keputusan Mentri Kesehatan Republik indonesia (Kepmenkes RI) 900 tahun 2002 tentang Registrasi dan Praktek Bidan, pelayanan dilaksanakan sesuai standar pelayanan kebidanan dan standar profesi bidan (Kusmiyati. 2016:03). Menurut data dan informasi kesehatan provinsi jambi, cakupan kunjungan ibu hamil K4 di provinsi jambi pada tahun 2018 adalah sebesar 89,59%. Nilai cakupan tersebut belum mencapai target tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 95%. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jambi Tahun 2018, bahwa cakupan pelayanan kunjungan kehamilan K4 terendah dari seluruh puskesmas di Kota Jambi adalah Puskesmas Talang Bakung yaitu 76,8%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 36, "width": 169, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2528-6218 E-ISSN: 2528-6838", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 93, "width": 414, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang dan fenomena di atas maka peneliti melakukan penelitian tentang “Gambaran Pendidikan dan Usia Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019 ” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 141, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 157, "width": 414, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah bersifat deskriptif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu suatu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan atau mendiskripsikan fenomena mengenai Gambaran Pendidikan dan Usia Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 Di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Tahun 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 217, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 232, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 246, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Analisa Univariat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 259, "width": 327, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kelengkapan Kunjungan Kehamilan Tabel 1. Kelengkapan Kunjungan Kehamilan No K4 Jumlah % 1 Lengkap 16 42.1 2 Tidak lengkap 22 57.9 Total 38 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 359, "width": 386, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat dilihat bahwa sebagian besar ibu tidak melakukan kunjungan K4 lengkap yaitu berjumlah 22 orang (57.9%). Dan ibu yang melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 lengkap berjumlah 16 orang (42.1%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 407, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Tingkat Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 420, "width": 340, "height": 71, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tingkat Pendidikan No Pendidikan Jumlah % 1 Tinggi 14 36.9 2 Rendah 24 63.1 Total 38 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 501, "width": 378, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Didapatkan dari 38 orang responden, bependidikan rendah (SMP 16 orang, SD 8 orang) berjumlah 24 orang (63.1%). Sedangkan 14 orang (36.9%) ibu hamil berpendidikan tinggi (SLTA 10 orang, PerguruanTinggi 4 orang).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 550, "width": 350, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Usia Ibu Hamil Tabel 3. Usia Ibu Hamil No Usia Jumlah % 1 20-35 27 71.1 2 <20 dan >35 11 28.9 Total 38 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 645, "width": 378, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Didapatkan dari 38 ibu berusia tidak berisiko (20-35 tahun) yaitu 27 orang (71.1%). Usia beresiko (<20 tahun dan>35 tahun yaitu) 11 orang (28.9%), di mana di usia<20 tahun 2 orang dan usia>35 tahun 9 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 36, "width": 387, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Social and Economics Research (JSER). Vol. 1, Issue 1, December 2019: 42-47", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 783, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Distribusi Kelengkapan Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 115, "width": 379, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Kelengkapan Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 134, "width": 329, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pendidikan K4 Total % Lengkap Tidak Lengkap Jumlah % Jumlah % 1 Tinggi 10 26.4 4 10.5 14 36.9 2 Rendah 6 15.7 18 47.4 24 63.1 Total 16 42.1 22 57.9 36 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 218, "width": 385, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4 diketahui bahwa ibu hamil yang berpendidikan tinggi sebagian besar (26.4%) melakukan kunjungan K4 lengkap. Sedangkan ibu hamil yang berpendidikan rendah sebagian besar tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 (47.4%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 280, "width": 383, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Distribusi Kelengkapan Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 berdasarkan Usia Ibu Tabel 5. Kelengkapan Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 berdasarkan Usia Ibu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 396, "width": 386, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 5, sebagian besar ibu hamil yang berusia tidak beresiko (20-35) kunjungan kehamilan K4 nya tidak lengkap (39.5%). Berbeda halnya pada usia ibu yang beresiko (<20 tahun dan>35 tahun) di mana sebagian besar ibu tidak melakukan kunjungan K4 lengkap (18.4%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 458, "width": 72, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 473, "width": 414, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya di puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019 adalah berpendidikan rendah yaitu 24 orang (yang melakukan K4 lengkap 6 orang, dan tidak lengkap 18 orang) atau 63.1% dari 38 orang responden, sedangkan yang berpendidikan tinggi yaitu 14 orang (yang melakukan kunjungan K4 lengkap 10 orang, dan yang tidak lengkap 4 orang) atau 36.9% dari 38 orang responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 562, "width": 414, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian Asniati Lia (2018) dapat disimpulkan bahwa ibu hamil yang berpendidikan tinggi sebagian besar melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 lengkap (26.4%), sedangkan ibu hamil yang berpendidikan rendah sebagian besar tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 (47.4%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 624, "width": 414, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil yang melakukan kunjungan kehamilan di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019 adalah ibu hamil berusia 20-35 tahun yaitu 27 orang (71.1%), sedangkan ibu hamil yang berusia<20 tahun dan>35 tahun adalah 11 orang (28.9%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 686, "width": 414, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian tidak ada perbedaan usia beresiko dan tidak beresiko terhadap kunjungan kehamilan K4. Sebagian besar ibu hamil yang berusia tidak beresiko (20- 35) kunjungan kehamilan K4 nya tidak lengkap (39.5%%). Berbeda hal nya pada usia ibu yang beresiko (<20 tahun dan >35 tahun) di mana sebagian besar ibu tidak melakukan kunjungan K4 lengkap (18.4%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 312, "width": 354, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Usia K4 Total % Lengkap Tidak Lengkap Jumlah % Jumlah % 1 20-35 12 31.6 15 39.5 27 71.1 2 <20 &>35 4 10.5 7 18.4 11 28.9 Total 16 42.1 22 57.9 38 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 36, "width": 169, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2528-6218 E-ISSN: 2528-6838", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 414, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Hariyani (2018) di Puskesmas Talang Banjar Kota Jambi, yaitu ibu hamil yang berpendidikan tinggi sebagian besar melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 lengkap (50%). Tidak ada perbedaan antara ibu berusia beresiko dan tidak beresiko terhadap kunjungan K4. Yaitu ibu hamil yang usianya tidak beresiko sebagian besar melakukan kunjungan K4 (63.9%), dan ibu yang berusia beresiko sebagaian besar melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 (20.9%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 189, "width": 414, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelemahan penelitian ini adalah karna pengumpulan data di lakukan pada waktu yang bersamaan, sehingga data tentang kunjungan kehamilan K4 diperoleh dari data melalui wawancara, sehingga kemungkinan responden lupa.Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut penulis memvalidasi data dengan melihat buku KIA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 251, "width": 138, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 266, "width": 414, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis mengenai Gambaran Pendidikan dan Usia Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kunjungan Kehamilan K4 di Puskesmas Talang Bakung Kota Jambi Tahun 2019 dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 309, "width": 413, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Sebanyak 22 orang (57.9%) ibu hamil tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 323, "width": 414, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sebagian besar ibu hamil berpendidikan tinggi melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 lengkap yaitu 10 orang (26.4%), sedangkan ibu hamil berpendidikan rendah sebagian besar tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 lengkap yaitu 18 orang orang (47.4%).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 377, "width": 414, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Sebagian besar ibu hamil yang berusia tidak beresiko (20-35 tahun) tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 yaitu 15 orang (39.5%), dan sebagian besar ibu hamil berusia beresiko (<20 tahun dan >35 tahun) tidak melakukan kunjungan kehamilan K4 yaitu 7 orang (18.4%).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 438, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 454, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adypato. 2016. Kerangka Teori Gibson Perilaku Kesehatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 473, "width": 414, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asniati Lia. 2018. 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[ { "left": 151, "top": 38, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PaKMas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 244, "top": 52, "width": 192, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://journal.yp3a.org/index.php/PaKMas ISSN Media Elektronik 2808-0920 Vol. 2 No. 1 (Mei 2022) 197-201 DOI: 10.54259/pakmas.v2i1.846", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 786, "width": 367, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima Redaksi: 14-05-2022 | Selesai Revisi: 21-05-2022 | Diterbitkan Online: 31-05-2022 197", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 105, "top": 113, "width": 390, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyuluhan Pentingnya Tablet Fe Untuk Ibu Hamil Di Desa Pattallassang Kabupaten Bantaeng", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 160, "width": 379, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nelly Nugrawati 1 , Ayu Wijaya 2 , Siti Alfah 3 , Andi Muhammad Adam 4 , dan Nur Ekawati 5 1,2,3,4,5 Program Studi DIII Kebidanan, STIKES Amanah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia E-mail : [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 , [email protected] 4 , [email protected] 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 254, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 428, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anemia is one of the causes of maternal death. The prevalence of pregnant women in Indonesia is 37.1%. The low level of knowledge of pregnant women affects If pregnant women experience nutritional and iron deficiencies during pregnancy it will cause problems, both for the mother and the fetus they contain, namely anemia, bleeding, and the mother's weight does not increase normally. Lack of nutrition can also affect the delivery process which can lead to difficult and long labor, premature birth, bleeding after delivery, lack of nutrition can also affect fetal growth and can cause miscarriage, abortion, congenital defects and low birth weight of the fetus. Fe becomes limited and has an impact on the occurrence of iron deficiency. The better the knowledge of pregnant women, the better in absorbing information, especially about Fe tablets. If pregnant women experience a lack of nutrients and iron during pregnancy, it will cause problems, both for the mother and the fetus they contain, namely anemia, bleeding, and the mother's weight does not increase normally. Giving Fe tablets is one of the most effective prevention and control strategies for anemia in increasing hemoglobin levels and can reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women by 20-25%. The method used is counseling. Counseling about Fe tablets is very effective in overcoming the side effects that are felt after consuming Fe tablets. The results of the service showed an increase in knowledge and compliance of pregnant women in consuming Fe tablets as an effort to prevent iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 473, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Pregnant Women, Counseling, Fe Tablets .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 496, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 428, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anemia menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian ibu. Prevalensi pada ibu hamil di Indonesia sebesar 37,1%. Tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil yang rendah mempengaruhi Bila ibu hamil mengalami kekurangan nutrisi dan zat besi selama hamil akan menimbulkan masalah, baik pada ibu maupun janin yang dikandungnya yaitu anemia, perdarahan, berat badan ibu tidak bertambah secara normal. Kurang nutrisi juga dapat mempengaruhi proses persalinan dimana dapat mengakibatkan persalinan sulit dan lama, prematur, perdarahan setelah persalinan, kurang nutrisi juga dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan janin dan dapat menimbulkan keguguran, abortus, cacat bawaan dan berat janin bayi lahir rendah.penerimaan informasi sehingga penerimaan tentang tablet fe menjadi terbatas dan berdampak pada terjadinya defisiensi zat besi. Semakin baik pengetahuan ibu hamil, maka dalam menyerap informasi semakin baik khususnya tentang tablet Fe. Bila ibu hamil mengalami kekurangan nutrisi dan zat besi selama hamil akan menimbulkan masalah, baik pada ibu maupun janin yang dikandungnya yaitu anemia, perdarahan, berat badan ibu tidak bertambah secara normal. Pemberian tablet Fe merupakan salah satu strategi pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia yang paling efektif meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin dan dapat menurunkan prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil sebesar 20-25%. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan. Penyuluhan tentang tablet Fe sangat efektif untuk mengatasi efek samping yang dirasakan setelah mengkomsusi tablet Fe. Hasil pengabdian terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengkonsumsi tablet Fe sebagai upaya pencegahan anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Ibu Hamil, Penyuluhan, Tablet Fe.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 38, "width": 328, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nelly Nugrawati, Ayu Wijaya, Siti Alfah, Andi Muhammad Adam, dan Nur Ekawati PakMas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022) 197 – 201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 786, "width": 274, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lisensi: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 198", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A . PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 208, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anemia adalah kondisi dimana sel darah merah menurun sehingga kapasitas daya angkut oksigen untuk kebutuhan organ-organ vital pada ibu dan janin menjadi berkurang. Selama kehamilan, indikasi anemia adalah jika konsentrasi hemoglobin kurang dari 10,50 sampai dengan 11,00 gr/dl (Lubis et.al., 2017). Kematian ibu merupakan indikator penting dalam kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang sering terjadi di dunia dan diderita lebih dari 600 juta manusia, perkiraan prevalensi anemia secara umum sekitar 51%. (Nivedita, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 208, "height": 148, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO, 2010), prevalensi anemia dunia berkisar 40-88%. Berdasarkan hasil (Depkes Ri, 2017) ibu hamil mengalami resiko kekurangan energi kronis sehingga sebaiknya mendapat suplai makanan yang lebih banyak. Penyebab terbesar prevalensi jumlah penderita anemia di Indonesia sebesar 21,7% adalah kekurangan zat gizi yang dikarenakan rendahnya kadar zat besi pada penderita anemia. Menurut badan kesehatan dunia atau World Health Organization (WHO) bahwa prevalensi ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia defisiensi besi sekitar 35- 37% semakin meningkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "seiring pertambahan usia kehamilan. Dan World Health Organiation tahun 2017 melaporkan bahwa secara global prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di seluruh dunia adalah 41,8%. Diketahui, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di Asia sebesar 48,2% berdasarkan hasil riset kesehatan dasar angka kejadian anemia di indonesia masih tinggi terdapat 37,1% ibu hamil yang anemia(World Health Organization, 2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 539, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang menempati urutan AKI tertinggi se-Asia Tenggara pada tahun 2014 yaitu 214 per 100.000 KH, diikuti dengan Fhilipina 170, Vietnam 160, Thailand 44, Brunei 60, dan Malaysia 39 per 100.000 KH. Tingginya angka kemaian ini menggambarkan masih rendahnya derajat kesehatan masyarakat dan berpotensi menyebabkan kemunduran ekonomi dan sosial level rumah tangga, komunitas, dan nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bila ibu hamil mengalami kekurangan nutrisi dan zat besi selama hamil akan menimbulkan masalah, baik pada ibu maupun janin yang dikandungnya yaitu anemia, perdarahan, berat badan ibu tidak bertambah secara normal. Kurang nutrisi juga dapat mempengaruhi proses persalinan dimana dapat mengakibatkan persalinan sulit dan lama, prematur, perdarahan setelah persalinan, kurang nutrisi juga dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan janin dan dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 97, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menimbulkan keguguran, abortus, cacat bawaan dan berat janin bayi lahir rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 130, "width": 216, "height": 193, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia meningkatkan resiko mengalami keguguran, melahirkan sebelum waktunya, bayi lahir dengan berat tidak normal, perdarahan serta pada waktu melahirkan dan pada anemia berat dapat menimbulkan kematian ibu dan bayi. Aemia merupakan salah satu faktor resiko perdarahan post partum (Oktaviani, 2018). Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang anemia adalah melalui pemberian informasi atau pendidikan kesehatan dari tenaga kesehatan (Sukmawati et al, 2019). Pendidikan kesehatan merupakan suatu kegiatan atau usaha menyampaikan informasi kesehatan kepada masyarakat, kelompok atau individu dengan harapan informasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan menjadi lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 335, "width": 213, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkatan anemia pada ibu hamil menurut Tarwoto (2017), terbagi atas 3 trimester, yaitu kadar Hb < 11 gr% pada trimester I (0-12 minggu), kadar Hb < 10,5 gr% pada trimester II(13-28 minggu) dan kadar Hb < 11 gr% pada Trimester III.Salah satu upaya untuk deteksi dinipenyakit anemia pada ibu hamil adalah dengan melakuan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin (Hb). Pemeriksaan Hb merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan yang paling sering dilakukan di instalasi kesehatan. Hal inilah yang membuat kami tertarik untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin sebagai upaya deteksi dini anemia pada ibu hamil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 506, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zat besi merupakan mineral yang dibutuhkan untuk membentuk sel darah merah (hemoglobin). Selain itu, zat besi juga berperan sebagai salah satu komponen dalam membentuk mioglobin, kolagen, serta enzim (Kemenkes RI, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 574, "width": 211, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberian tabel Fe adalah salah satu strategi pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia gizi yang paling efektif meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil. Upaya ini direkomendasikan secara universal di negara-negara berkembang. Sejak tahun 1970an, program pemberian tablet Fe telah dibuktikan hasilnya di beberapa negara, dengan pemberian tablet Fe dapat menurunkan prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil sebesar 20-25& (Septiani, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 699, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Permenkes No. 88 Tahun 2014 tentang standar tablet tambah darah bagi wanita usia subur dan ibu hamil, bahwa untuk melindungi wanita usia subur dan ibu hamil dari kekurangan gizi dan mencegah terjadinya anemia gizi besi maka perlu mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 38, "width": 328, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nelly Nugrawati, Ayu Wijaya, Siti Alfah, Andi Muhammad Adam, dan Nur Ekawati PakMas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022) 197 – 201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 786, "width": 274, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lisensi: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 199", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 208, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil yang rendah mempengaruhi penerimaan informasi sehingga penerimaan tentang tablet fe menjadi terbatas dan berdampak pada terjadinya defisiensi zat besi. Semakin baik pengetahuan ibu hamil, maka dalam menyerap informasi semakin baik khususnya tentang tablet Fe. Hal ini berdapmpak pada kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengkonsumsi tablet Fe karena ibu hamil dapat mengetahui pengertian, manfaat, efek samping dan kandungan tablet Fe. Tingkat pengetahuan juga dipegaruhi oleh faktor- faktor seperti tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman, dan pengaruh dari orang lain (Martini, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 208, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberian informasi melalui kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang pemberian tablet Fe merupakan salah satu upaya promotif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang tablet Fe dan preventif untuk pencegahan anemia defisiensi besi sehingga meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan ibu hamil untuk mengkonsumsi tablet fe. Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas makan penulis tertarik mengambil judul “Penyuluhan Pentingnya Tablet Fe pada Ibu Hamil”sebagai upaya untuk mencegah anemia pada ibu hamil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. PELAKSAAAN DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 208, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, sesuai dengan taha[an sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 427, "width": 205, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Peningkatan pengetahuan dengan pre tes awal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 439, "width": 187, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan melakukan pengukuran diawal dengan melaksanakan pretest dengan tujuan pada tahap ini dilakukan penilaian pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pentingnta tablet Fe menggunakan instrumesn kuesioner menggunakan pertanyaan sederhana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 508, "width": 185, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberian materi.’", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 519, "width": 187, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dengan menggunakan metode ceramah sebagai pengantar untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kesehatan pengenai pentingtnya pencegahan dan penanganan anemia pada ibu hamil, diskusi/tanya jawab digunakan baik pada saat dilangsungkannya penyluhan atau pada saat diakhiri kegiatan memungkinkan peserta mengemukakan hal- hal yang belum dimengerti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 634, "width": 205, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Peningkatan pengetahuan dengan post tes dan evaluasi Dengan melakukan pengukuran diawal dengan melakukan post test dengan tujuan pada tahap ini dilakukan penilaian akhir setelah diberikan pengetahuan pentingnya tablet", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 703, "width": 187, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fe untuk pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan anemia pada ibu hamil menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dengan pertanyaan sederhana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 761, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya tablet Fe untuk ibu hamil telah dilaksanakan di kantor desa Pattallassang kab. Bantaeng dan disambut baik oleh masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil yang belum mengetahui manfaat zat besi pada kehamilan, karena itu pelaksanaan kegiatan ini sangat direspon dan diserap dengan sangat baik oleh peserta. Kegiatan ini dilakukan karena masih banyak masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil yang belum paham akan manfaat dari suplemen zat besi ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 333, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Peserta Penyuluhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 498, "width": 173, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Pemateri Penyuluhan Tablet Fe", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 519, "width": 211, "height": 171, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan peran serta dosen dan mahasiswa STIKES Amanah Makassar. Penyuluhan dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah untuk menjelaskan ide, pengertian secara lisan disertai dengan diskusi dan tanya jawab sehingga ibu memahami apa yang diberikan dan disampaikan. Selain itu materi yang diberikan ditampilkan melalui media leaflet yang berisi informasi penting tentang tablet Fe disertai gambar-gambar menarik sehingga ibu dapat dengan mudah menangkap informasi yang diberikan. Selama kegiatan penyuluhan berlangsung diserta dengan pembagian leaflet ibu-ibu sangat antusias mendengarkan dan memberikan respon yang baik selama diskusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 702, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada awal penyuluhan materi disampaikan terlebih dahulu oleh kordinator yang berlangsung selama ± 25 menit. Para ibu hamil mendengarkan penyuluhan sangat berantusias dalam mengajukan pertanyaan pada saat sesi tanya jawab berlangsung sehingga dapat lebih menghidupkan suasana dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 38, "width": 328, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nelly Nugrawati, Ayu Wijaya, Siti Alfah, Andi Muhammad Adam, dan Nur Ekawati PakMas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022) 197 – 201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 786, "width": 274, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lisensi: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 200", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 208, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penyuluhan ini. Setelah sesi pemaparan materi dan proses tanya jawab berakhir maka diakhiri dengan sesi evaluasi yang pada intinya ibu hamil dapat menerima dan mengerti tentang materi penyuluhan yang telah disampaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan tentang tablet Fe tim melalui posttes didapatkan hasil 85,7% ibu hamil mengerti tentang pengetian Fe, manfaat Fe dan ibu hamil mampu menguraikan efek samping tablet Fe, ibu hamil mampu menginformasikan dosis yang dibutuhkan selama kehamilan, mampu menerangkan waktu dan dara mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. serta mampu menguraikan bahan-bahan makanan yang mengandung zat besi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 208, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyuluhan tentang tablet Fe sangat efektif untuk mengatasi efek samping yang dirasakan setelah mengkomsusi tablet Fe. Keterlibatan keluarga juga untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengkonsumsi tablet Fe (Surtimanah, 2019). Oleh karena itu, perlunya tenaga kesehatan untuk melakukan penyuluhan secara rutin dengan memanfaatkan media informasi seperti leaflet yang ada disekitar puskesmas pada kelas ibu hamil dengan melibatkan dukungan keluarga untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengkonsumsi tablet Fe sebagai upaya pencegahan anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 208, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut (WHO) World Health Organiationtahun 2017 melaporkan bahwa secara global prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di seluruh dunia adalah 41,8%. Diketahui, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di Asia sebesar 48,2% dan kejadian anemia saat hamil berkisar antara 20% sampai 89% dengan menetapak Hb 11 gr % sebagai dasarnya. Angka anemia kehamilan diindonesia menunjukkan nilai yang cukup tinggi. Namun kejadian anemia diperkirakan terjadi pada ibu hamil bila kadarhemoglobin 11g/dl atau kurang.di inggrisnegara dengan kesehatan umum dan nutrisi yang dianggap meningkat, terdapat beberapa area yang tidak menganggap seorang wanita mengalami anemia sampai kadar hemoglobinya 10 g/dl kurang(World Health Organiation, 2017 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 620, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini seluruh ibu hamil di Desa Pattallassang Kab. Bantaeng sudah paham dan mau minum tablet Fe, sehingga dapat menurunkan kejadian anemia diwilayah ini. Dari cakupannya dapat dapat dilihat seluruh ibu hamil yang telah diberi pengarahan tentang pentingnya tambaan tablet Fe pada saat mulai kehamilan trimester pertama sampai ibu nifas. . setelah dilakukan evaluasi ternyata banyak ibu yang paham dan terus melanjutkan minum tablet Fe selama masa kehamilannya. Dan alhamdulillah kegiatan ini berjalan dengan yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 85, "width": 216, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Demikian juga hasil penelitian (Solehati et al., 2018),didapatkan bahwa pendidikan kesehatan tentang deteksi dini dan pencegahan anemia dalam upaya menurunkan AKI berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan kader kesehatan. Sehingga diharapkan peran sertakader dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganan anemia memberikan dukungan terhadap ibu hamil untuk mencari solusi dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganan anemia pada ibu hamil di masyarakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 212, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 235, "width": 44, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 246, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan melalui penyuluhan tentang tablet Fe kepada ibu hamil di kelas ibu hamil mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan untuk mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dalam upaya pencegahan anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 315, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyuluhan kesehatan yang dilakukan pada para ibu hamil memberikan motivasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zat bei selama hamil dengan mengkonsumsi sayuran hijau yang tinggi zat besi..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 373, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 384, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diharapkan bagi para ibu agar dapat meningkatkan dan menerapkan apa yang telah diberikan oleh petugas kesehatan kedalam kehiduannya terus menjaga kesehatan bayi dan dirinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 430, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disarankan kepada instansi yang terkait untuk lebih mengoptimalkan peran tenaga kesehatan dalam meberikan penyuluhan secara rutin tentang tablet Fe pada ibu hamil sehingga ibu hamil mengetahui dan patuh untuk mengkonsumsi tablet Fe.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 500, "width": 97, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 511, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terima kasih kami haturkan kepada kepala Pattallassang Kab. Bantaeng serta masyarakat desa pattallassang yang terlibat dalam kegiatan penyuluhan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 569, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 590, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Carolin, B. T., & Novelia, S. (2021). Penyuluhan dan Pemeriksaan Kadar Hemoglobin Sebagai Upaya Deteksi Dini Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 4(1), 245-248.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 648, "width": 219, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F. Rizki, D. Atmono, A. Widodo, and P. Wulandari, “Faktor Risiko Penyakit Anemia Gizi Besi pada Ibu Hamil di Jawa Timur Menggunakan Analisis Regresi Logistik,” J. Sains dan Seni ITS,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 705, "width": 26, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 717, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gebreweld, A., & Tsegaye, A. (2018). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 38, "width": 328, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nelly Nugrawati, Ayu Wijaya, Siti Alfah, Andi Muhammad Adam, dan Nur Ekawati PakMas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022) 197 – 201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 786, "width": 274, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lisensi: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 201", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 208, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ababa, Ethiopia. Advances in Hematology, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3942301 Nivedita K, Fatima SN. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pregnant Women Regarding", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 143, "width": 180, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anemia, Iron Rich Diet and Iron Supplements and Its Impact on Their Hemoglobin Levels. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5(2):425–31.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 208, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kamau M, Kimani S, Mirie W. Counselling on Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (IFAS) is Associated with Improved Knowledge Among Pregnant Women in a Rural County of Kenya: A CrossSectional Study[version 1; referees: awaiting peer review]. AAS Open Research. 2018;21(1):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 208, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1–11. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2016. Profil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 305, "width": 180, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesehatan Indonesia 2015. Kesehatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 316, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 209, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Khoiriah, A., & Latifah, L. (2020). PEMBERIAN TABLET ZAT BESI (FE) PADA IBU HAMIL DI POSYANDU MAWAR BERDURI RT 05 KELURAHAN TUAN KENTANG KECAMATAN JAKABARING KOTA PELEMBANG. Jurnal Pengabdian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 408, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masyarakat Kebidanan, 2(1), 1-8.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 420, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lubis, Z., Jumirah, J., & Fitria, M. (2017). Chronic Energy Malnutrition and Anemia in Pregnant Women in Medan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 208, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.2991/phico-16.2017.15 Martini S, Oktaviana D. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Tablet Fe dengan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 85, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengkonsumsi Tablet Fe. 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 12, "width": 227, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) Volume 5, Nomor 1, Januari-Juni 2023 p-ISSN: 2656-8918 e-ISSN: 2684-8317 DOI: 10.31539/jomb.v5i1.6764", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "701", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 123, "top": 88, "width": 352, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERANCANGAN USAHA PEMBUKAAN CABANG BARU PADA RUMAH MAKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 129, "width": 406, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syifa Salsabila1 , Endang Chumaidiyah2, Yudha Prambudia3 Universitas Telkom [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 198, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan estimasi permintaan pasar pada lokasi cabang dengan dilakukan perhitungaan menggunakan metode peramalan. Perhitungan ini diestimasikan untuk lima tahun kedepan. Pada aspek teknis dan operasional dilakukan perhitungan biaya operasional dan biaya investasi serta penentuan lokasi untuk pembukaan cabang usaha Sop Buntut Cut Meutia. Pada aspek finansial dilakukan perhitungan inevstasi apakah layak atau tidak. Penetu suatu usaha dikatakan layak apabila memiliki nilai NPV > 0, IRR > MARR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, hasil dari perancangan usaha pembukaan cabang sop buntut ini didapatkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp252.216.017 dengan nilai IRR sebesar 29,64% dan nilai MARR sebesar 8,25%. Simpulan, perancangan usaha pembukaan cabang baru pada usaha sop buntut cut meutia dianggap layak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 369, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : IRR, NPV, PBP, Perancangan Bisnis, Studi Kelayakan Usaha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 405, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to determine the estimated market demand at branch locations by calculating using forecasting methods. This calculation is estimated for the next five years. On the technical and operational aspects, the calculation of operational costs and investment costs is carried out as well as determining the location for the opening of the Sop Buntut Cut Meutia business branch. On the financial aspect, the investment is calculated whether it is feasible or not. The determinant of a business is said to be feasible if it has an NPV value > 0, IRR > MARR. The results showed that the results of the design of the oxtail soup branch opening business obtained an NPV value of IDR 252,216,017 with an IRR value of 29.64% and a MARR value of 8.25%. In conclusion, the business plan to open a new branch in the cut meutia oxtail soup business is considered feasible.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 350, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : IRR, NPV, PBP, Business Design, Business Feasibility Study", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Industri makanan atau kuliner di DKI Jakarta merupakan sektor yang memiliki persentase paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan industri lainnya. Pada tahun 2020, Industri makanan di DKI Jakarta dapat mencapai 37,7 persen. Selanjutnya terdapat Industri Pakaian Jadi sebesar 28,7 persen dan industri furnitur sebesar 5,8 persen (bi.go.id, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "702", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil survei, DKI Jakarta memiliki jumlah IMK (Industri Menengah dan Kecil) sebanyak 59.017 unit yang tersebar di lima Kota dan satu Kabupaten. Berikut merupakan jumlah Industri Mikro dan Kecil atau IMK di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2020 (Jakarta.bps.go.id, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 371, "width": 297, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Jumlah Industri Mikro Kecil di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2020", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia Cabang Pusat merupakan suatu usaha yang bergerak pada bidang kuliner. Usaha ini telah berdiri lebih dari 50 tahun lamanya yang merupakan bisnis turun-temurun yang hingga kini telah berjalan tiga generasi. Selain membuka rumah makan cabang pusat ini, Sop Buntut Cut Meutia menjual produknya dalam bentuk bisnis franchise . Rumah Makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia cabang pusat ini memproduksi dan menjual produknya sendiri. Dalam kegiatan produksinya Sop Buntut Cut Meutia cabang pusat ini memfokuskan untuk ketersediaan produk untuk rumah makan cabang pusat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "703", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 288, "width": 258, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Data Permintaan Pasar Sop Buntut Cut Meutia Pusat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 326, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada gambar diatas menunjukkan bahwa penjualan pada usaha rumah makan mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan yang signifikan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh dampak Covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia sehingga penjualan terus menurun pada tahun 2020. Namun, usaha ini sedikit demi sedikit mengalami kenaikan disebabkan oleh masa transisi PPKM yang telah mengizinkan masyarakat dapat kembali beraktivitas diluar rumah. Rumah Makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia cabang pusat ini berada di dalam gang dan cukup kecil untuk menampung seluruh konsumen yang datang dan ingin makan ditempat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada kemudian dibagi menjadi beberapa faktor, yaitu man , place, method, dan information yang digambarkan Permasalahan yang ada pada faktor man adalah mengenai sumber daya manusianya. Pada kegiatan proses bisnis, keluarga pemilik usaha turun tangan dalam melayani dan menyiapkan produk usaha akibat kurangnya jumlah tenaga kerja yang ada. Hal ini terjadi karena sulitnya mendapat tenaga kerja yang sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik usaha, kesulitan menemukan tenaga kerja yang sesuai ini diakibatkan oleh banyaknya kritikan konsumen mengenai cita rasa produk yang berubah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 429, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada faktor place, tempat usaha yang telah ada yaitu di Kota Jakarta Pusat merupakan cabang pertama yang dimiliki oleh pemilik usaha. Sebagai rumah makan legendaris yang telah memiliki banyak pelanggan, rumah makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia pusat memiliki tempat usaha yang sangat terbatas dari akses menuju tempat maupun dari ketersediaan tempat usaha untuk menampung konsumen dalam jumlah banyak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "704", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, fasilitas seperti lahan parkir, toilet, dan area mushola tidak ada pada lokasi usaha tersebut sehingga menjadi suatu permasalahan dari tempat usaha ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 429, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya faktor method. Pada rumah makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia pusat ini menggunakan social media (Instagram dan WhatsApp) sebagai media melakukan promosi. Tetapi jika dilihat pada akun sosial media Insatgram, pemilik usaha melakukan promosi terakhir pada bulan Februari lalu dan isi konten pada akun tersebut tidak ada kegiatan interaktif kepada followers- nya. Dengan hal tersebut maka kegiatan promosi belum dilakukan pemasaran secara maksimal yang berdampak pada kecenderungan calon pelanggan yang tidak mengetahui usaha tersebut terlebih pada generasi-genrasi sekarang. Untuk mendapatkan jumlah pelanggan yang lebih banyak maka perlu sekali meningkatkan brand awareness guna memperkenalkan produk-produk yang dijual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor terakhir adalah information . Penurunan jumlah permintaan pasar ini selain diakibatkan oleh faktor-faktor diatas, disebabkan juga oleh beberapa hal, yaitu akibat adanya pandemi Covid-19 dan juga banyaknya pelanggan yang berasal dari Kota Jakarta Selatan. Berdasarkan pada Gambar I.4, memperlihatkan penurunan jumlah permintaan selama tahun 2020 dan 2021. Pelanggan yang lebih banyak berasa dari luar kota khususnya lebih banyak dari Kota Jakarta Selatan tidak dapat mendatangi untuk membeli produk dari tempat usaha ini akibat adanya pandemi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan perencanaan ini, pemilik usaha mempertimbangkan untuk membuka cabang baru di Kota Jakarta Selatan. Pemilihan kota tersebut dikarenakan pemilik usaha menginginkan untuk membuka kembali cabang usaha di kota tersebut. Selain itu, mengingat produk yang dijual merupakan makanan olahan yang cepat basi maka pemilihan kota tersebutlah menjadi pilihan dalam membuka cabang baru. Kota Jakarta Selatan dikenal sebagai pusat bisnis menjadi rekomendasi dalam mengembangkan bisnis karena berada di daerah yang strategis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kota Jakarta Selatan merupakan kota yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan karena keaneka ragaman kuliner yang ada pada kawasan tersebut. Banyaknya makanan legendaris yang bertahan pada kawasan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa wisatawan tetap tertarik meski banyaknya usaha kekinian yang bermunculan. Sehingga bagi rumah makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia ini masih memiliki potensi cukup tinggi untuk membuka usaha di area tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "705", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya yang dilakukan dalam memecahkan masalah dari setiap akar masalah yang ada adalah dengan menentukan alternatif solusinya. Masalah yang terjadi pada Rumah Makan Sop Buntut Cut Meutia cabang pusat adalah tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan yang tinggi yang datang ke rumah makan. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh faktor seperti Man, place, dan Method.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 202, "width": 104, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Daftar Alternatif Solusi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 237, "width": 325, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Akar Masalah Potensi Solusi 1 Area Kapasitas rumah makan yang terbatas.  Melakukan Perancangan usulan pembukaan Cabang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 275, "width": 115, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "baru di kota yang berbeda untuk meningkatkan jumlah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 261, "width": 291, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "permintaan. 2 Keterbatasan akses menuju tempat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 273, "width": 170, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Tidak ada fasilitas penunjang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 286, "width": 193, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Banyak konsumen yang berasal dari Kota Jakarta Selatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 311, "width": 187, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Keterbatasan jumlah tenaga kerja yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 226, "top": 323, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimiliki.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 307, "width": 118, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Melakukan penambahan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 324, "width": 328, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tenaga kerja. 7 Sulitnya menemukan tenaga kerja yang sesuai.  Memberikan pelatihan kepada tenaga kerja sesuai SOP yang berlaku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 371, "width": 317, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Kegiatan pemasaran yang belum maksimal.  Melakukan perancangan program promosi dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 339, "top": 400, "width": 126, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membuat konten produk untuk memperluas pemasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 393, "width": 8, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 158, "top": 398, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konten Promosi yang dilakukan monoton.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel alternatif solusi, terdapat empat solusi dari enam akar masalah yang ada. Solusi yang terpilih yaitu melakukan perancangan pembukaan cabang baru di kota yang berbeda untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar sekaligus untuk memperluas pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KAJIAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi Kelayakan Bisnis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 589, "width": 428, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis kelayakan merupakan suatu cara yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis suatu kelayakan investasi dari berbagai aspek yang ada secara sistematis dan terukur (Chumaidiyah, 2021). Terdapat tiga tujuan dari analisis kelayakan bisnis yaitu untuk (1) untuk melihat tingkat keuntungan dari suatu investasi, (2) untuk mengevaluasi dan memberikan penilaian terhadap alteratif investasi, dan (3) untuk menentukan prioritas dari investasi (Chumaidiyah, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "706", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Pasar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek pasar adalah suatu langkah awal yang dilakukan pada suatu usaha dengan tujuan untuk memastikan produk atau jasa yang akan ditawarkan dapat diterima oleh calon pelanggan (Chumaidiyah, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Teknis dan Operasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek teknis dan operasinal merupakan suatu perencanaan teknis dari keseluruhan kebutuhan seperti yang dibutuhkan dari produk atau jasa yang akan ditawarkan. Adapun tahap-tahap dalam aspek teknis dan operasi meliputi, 1) pemilihan dan perancangan produk; 2) perencanaan kapasitas; 3) pemilihan dan perencanaan proses atau fasilitas produksi; 4) penentuan lokasi; 5) pengorganisasian sistem produksi (Chumaidiyah, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Finansial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada aspek finansial dilakukan perhitungan mengenai, 1) estimasi biaya produksi; 2) estimasi nilai investasi dan sumber pendanaan; 3) penyusunan cashflow; 4) evaluasi investasi (Chumaidiyah, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Net Present Value (NPV)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NPV adalah nilai sekarang dari arus pendapatan yang ditimbulan oleh penanaman modal investasi. Kriteria kelayakan dari hasil perhitunan NPV adalah, a) jika NPV > 0, maka usaha tersebut menguntungkan dan layak untuk dijalankan; b) jika NPV = 0, maka usaha tersebut mampu mengembalikan modal; c) jika NPV < 0, maka usaha tersebut tidak layak untuk dijalankan akibat merugi (Kasmir, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 153, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Internal Rate of Return (IRR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 626, "width": 383, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai pada IRR menunjukkan nilai aktual pengembalian dari suatu usaha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria kelayakan pada nilai IRR adalah, a) jika nilai IRR > MARR maka usaha layak untuk dijalankan; b) jika nilai IRR < MARR maka usaha tidak layak untuk dijalankan (Kasmir, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Payback Period (PBP)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "707", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PBP adalah suatu teknik penilaian terhadap suatu periode pengembalian investasi suatu proyek atau usaha (Kasmir, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Sensitivitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis sensitivitas bertujuan untuk melihat apa yang akan terjadi dengan analisis proyek jika ada suatu kesalahan atau perubahan dalam perhitungan biaya atau benefit (Djamin, 1992).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peramalan Permintaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 429, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peramalan adalah suatu kegiatan dengan melakukan perhitungan untuk menentukan hal-hal yang akan datang secara objektif menggunakan data masa lalu (Sumayang, 2003). Times series, metode ini didasarkan pada peramalan menggunakan waktu sebagai dasar perhitungannya (Teguh, 2006). Terdapat empat jenis pola pada peramalan permintaan yaitu, 1) pola data trend; 2) pola data musiman; 3) pola data siklis; 4) pola data acak (Teguh, 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marketing Mix", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat empat strategi bauran pemasaran yaitu product, price, place, dan promotion (Kotler & Keller, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Segmenting merupakan suatu proses pengelompokkan pasar menjadi beberapa kelompok yang memiliki keinginan, kebutuhan, dan perilaku yang sama. Segmentasi terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu segmentasi geografis, segmentasi demografis, segmentasi psikografis, dan segemntasi perilaku (Kotler & Keller, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Targeting dilakukan apabila pengidentifikasin segmentasi pasar telah dilakukan. Selanjutnya perusahaan akan menentukan kelompok pasar yang akan ditargetkan dengan menyatukan beberapa variabel (Kotler & Keller, 2016). Positioning merupakan suatu proses produk, brand, atau organisasi pada perusahaan di bandingkan dengan produk, brand, ataupun organisasi dari pesaing oleh pelanggan eksiting maupun calon pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "708", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 172, "top": 108, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistematika Perancangan ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 705, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Sistematika Perancangan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "709", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar diatas adanya permasalahan yang terjadi. Cara menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada pada Rumah Makan Cut Meutia dimulai dengan melakukan kegiatan identifikasi dalam menentukan topik pada objek penelitian. Setelah itu adanya pengumpulan data mengenai data pendukung untuk memberikan usulan mengenai perancangan pembukaan cabang baru pada Rumah Makan Sop Buntu Cut Meutia yang diperhatikan dari segi segi aspek pasar, aspek teknis dan operasional, dan aspek finansial. Data-data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapatkan melalui pemilik usaha dengan metode wawancara. Sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan melalui proses pencarian jurnal, data statistik terkait, dan studi literatur. Kemudian menganalisis risiko dan sensitivitas dengan menggunakan data yang didapatkan dari hasil wawancara. dan pengumpulan data yang didapatkan pengolahan data historis usaha untuk mendapatkan hasil kelayakan usaha pada objek penelitian. Tahapan selanjutnya dengan melakukan verifikasi terhadap rencana perencanaan pembukaan cabang baru dan dilakukan validasi yang dilakukan oleh pemilik usaha atau stakeholder dari usaha Sop Buntut Cut Meutia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Pasar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan estimasi permintaan pasar ditunjukkan pada Tabel 2 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 501, "width": 328, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Perhitungan Estimasi Permintaan Pasar Estimasi Permintaan Pasar Year 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Amount of Buyer 16.918 17.012 17.107 17.203 17.299", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 merupakan estimasi permintaan pasar pada lokasi cabang. Perhitungan estimasi pasar lokasi cabang tahun 2023 disamakan sama dengan jumlah penjualan pusat pada tahun 2020 yang dikalikan dengan jumlah permintaan eksisting pada tahun pertama dengan allowance sebesar 1% dan dihitung pula dengan kenaikan rata-rata penduduk DKI Jakarta sebesar 0,56%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "710", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Teknis dan Operasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan jumlah kebutuhan tenaga kerja dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung waktu kerja efektif dalam sebulan yang diimbangi dengan estimasi permintaan konsumen perbulan. Berikut merupakan perhitungan total waktu proses perbulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 182, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 205, "top": 193, "width": 189, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan Total Waktu Proses Per Bulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 216, "width": 342, "height": 104, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Waktu Proses Per Bulan Aktivitas 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Proses pengadaan produk 10870 10870 10870 10870 10870 Proses pembukaan dan penutupan toko 4440 4440 4440 4440 4440 Proses pelayanan toko untuk take away 12970 13043 13115 13189 13262 proses pelayanan toko untuk makan ditempat 19455 19564 19673 19783 19894", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan tabel diatas didapatkan berdasarkan perbandingan dengan waktu kerja efektif tenaga kerja yaitu selama 12960 menit. Berdasarkan pada tabel diatas, didapatkan bahwa jumlah tenaga kerja langsung yang dibutuhkan adalah sebanyak enam orang tenaga kerja yang terdiri dari 4 pelayan, 1 staff dapur, 1 pegawai kasir, dan 1 pemasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk melakukan pembukaan cabang baru makan diperlukan lokasi usaha yang sesuai. Pada pembukaan cabang baru Sop Buntut Cut Meutia Pusat akan dibuka di Tebet, Jakarta Selatan. Berikut merupakan tata letak ruang dari cabang baru usaha Sop Buntut Cut Meutia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 691, "width": 193, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Tata letak Ruang ( Layout ) Usaha", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "711", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk membuka suatu usaha baru, maka diperlukan fasilitas, mesin,dan peralatan untuk menunjang kegiatan operasional bisnis. Berikut Tabel 4 merupakan kebutuhan fasilitas dan mesin dari pembukaan cabang baru:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 161, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 172, "width": 140, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fasilitas dan Mesin Operasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 199, "width": 333, "height": 125, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Nama Barang Jumlah Satuan Eco. Life Mesin dan Fasilitas 1 Etalase 1 Unit 8 2 Kipas Angin dinding 2 Unit 8 3 Alat Pemanggang 1 Unit 8 4 Set Alat Kasir (printer termal) 1 Unit 8 5 Tablet 1 Unit 8 6 rice cooker 6 liter 1 Unit 8 7 Chiller 1 Unit 8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 339, "width": 326, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut Tabel 5 merupakan peralatan dari pembukaan cabang baru:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 371, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 383, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralatan Operasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 409, "width": 332, "height": 343, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Nama Barang Jumlah Satuan Eco. Life Peralatan-Peralatan 8 Kompor Gas 2 Tungku 2 Buah 8 9 Tabung Gas LPG 3 kg 2 Buah 8 10 Tabung Gas LPG 12 kg 4 Buah 8 11 Selang Regulator 3 Buah 8 12 Meja Kasir 1 Buah 4 13 Meja Untuk alat pemanggang 1 Buah 4 14 meja makan 13 Buah 4 15 kursi 60 Buah 4 16 Panci Besar 4 Buah 4 17 Panci Kecil 2 Buah 4 18 Pisau Set 1 Buah 4 19 Container kecil 4 Buah 4 20 Toples Bumbu 4 Buah 4 21 Tempat Sampah 2 Buah 4 22 Penggorengan 1 Buah 4 23 Termos Nasi 30 Liter 2 Buah 4 24 Set Mangkuk 50 Buah 4 26 Piring 50 Buah 4 27 Sendok Lusinan 5 pack 4 28 Garpu Lusinan 5 pack 4 29 Rak Piring 1 Buah 4 30 Rak Sendok 1 Buah 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "712", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 90, "width": 315, "height": 125, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 Wadah Penyimpanan Sendok &Garpu 10 Buah 4 32 Capitan Makanan 2 Buah 4 33 Sodet 2 Buah 4 34 Saringan Minyak 1 Buah 4 35 Nampan 2 Buah 4 36 Talenan 2 Buah 4 37 Ember 1 Buah 4 38 Gayung 1 Buah 4 39 Stop Kontak 2 Buah 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Finansial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada aspek finansial berisi mengenai laporan keuangan usaha yang terdiri dari neraca, laporan laba rugi, dan cashflow , sehingga usaha dapat dianalisis dan ditentukan apakah layak untuk dijalankan atau tidak. Berikut merupakan laporan laba rugi dari pembukaan cabang usaha Sop Buntut Cut Meutia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 354, "width": 88, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Laporan Laba Rugi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 112, "top": 388, "width": 374, "height": 366, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laba Rugi Tahun 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Pendapatan Total Pendapatan Rp1.055.391.000 Rp1.098.069.000 Rp1.164.386.000 Rp1.240.827.000 Rp1.303.745.000 Biaya Langsung Biaya Pemasaran Rp635.597.000 Rp666.996.000 Rp699.946.000 Rp734.524.000 Rp770.810.000 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung Rp172.800.000 Rp174.683.520 Rp176.587.570 Rp178.512.375 Rp180.458.160 Total Biaya Langsung Rp808.397.000 Rp841.679.520 Rp876.533.570 Rp913.036.375 Rp951.268.160 Biaya Overhead Biaya Sewa Tempat Rp100.000.000 Rp104.940.000 Rp110.124.036 Rp115.564.163 Rp121.273.033 Biaya Listrik Rp22.519.984 Rp23.632.471 Rp24.799.915 Rp26.025.081 Rp27.310.667 Biaya Air Rp1.788.000 Rp1.876.327 Rp1.876.327 Rp1.876.327 Rp1.876.327 Biaya Pengiriman Rp1.800.000 Rp1.888.920 Rp1.982.233 Rp2.080.155 Rp2.1876.327 Biaya Barang Habis Pakai Rp5.672.712 Rp5.952.944 Rp6.247.019 Rp6.555.622 Rp6.879.470 Depresiasi Fasilitas dan Mesin Rp976.375 Rp976.375 Rp976.375 Rp976.375 Rp976.375 Depresiasi Peralatan Rp2.149.203 Rp2.149.203 Rp2.149.203 Rp2.149.203 Rp2.240.308 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Tak Langsung Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Total Biaya Overhead Rp168.897.517 Rp174.407.483 Rp183.146.351 Rp190.218.120 Rp197.730.339 Total Harga Pokok Rp978.294.517 Rp1.018.087.003 Rp1.059.769.922 Rp1.103.254.495 Rp1.148.998.499", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "713", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 87, "width": 375, "height": 347, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Produksi Total Harga Pokok Penjualan Rp978.294.517 Rp1.018.087.003 Rp1.059.679.922 Rp1.103.254.495 Rp1.148.998.499 Laba Kotor (Penghasilan Sebelum Operasi) Rp77.096.483 Rp79.981.997 Rp104.706.078 Rp137.572.505 Rp154.746.501 Biaya Operasional Biaya Pemasaran Rp2.795.000 Rp2.933.073 Rp3.077.967 Rp3.230.018 Rp3.389.581 Biaya THR Rp17.315.937 Rp17.695.482 Rp17.695.482 Rp17.888.362 Rp18.083.346 Total Biaya Operasional Rp20.110.937 Rp20.437.754 Rp20.773.449 Rp21.118.381 Rp21.478.927 EBIT ( Earning Before Interest and Tax ) Rp56.985.546 Rp59.544.243 Rp83.932.630 Rp116.454.125 Rp133.273.574 Beban Bunga Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- EBT ( Earning Before Tax ) Rp56.985.546 Rp59.544.243 Rp83.932.630 Rp116.454.125 Rp133.273.574 Pajak Rp569.855 Rp594.442 Rp839.326 Rp1.164.541 Rp1.332.736 EAIT (Earning After Interest and Tax Rp56.415.691 Rp58.948.801 Rp83.093.303 Rp115.289.583 Rp131.940.839", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laporan laba rugi berisi perhitungan pendapatan, total biaya langsung, total biaya overhea, dan total biaya operasional. Pada laporan ini akan menggambarkan besar pendapatan yang diperoleh pada periode tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 544, "width": 83, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Laporan Arus Kas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 578, "width": 421, "height": 178, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arus Kas (Cash Flow) Tahun 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Estimasi Arus Kas Masuk Model Pemilik Rp264.147.610 Pendapatan Penjualan Rp1.055.391.000 Rp1.098.069.000 Rp1.164.386.000 Rp1.240.827.000 Rp1.303.745.000 Total Kas Masuk Rp269.147.610 Rp1.055.391.000 Rp1.098.069.000 Rp1.164.386.000 Rp1.240.827.000 Rp1.303.745.000 Estimasi Arus Kas Keluar Biaya Mesin dan Fasilitas Rp7.810.099 Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Biaya Peralatan Rp9.816.642 Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp7.741.401 Rp- Biaya SIUP Rp2.700.000 Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Biaya Produksi Rp635.597.000 Rp666.996.000 Rp699.946.000 Rp734.524.000 Rp770.810.000 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Rp172.800.000 Rp174.683.520 Rp176.587.570 Rp178.512.375 Rp180.458.160", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "714", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 87, "width": 421, "height": 291, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langsung Biaya Sewa Tempat Rp100.000.000 Rp104.940.000 Rp110.124.036 Rp115.564.163 Rp121.273.033 Biaya Listrik Rp.22.519.984 Rp23.632.471 Rp24.799.915 Rp26.025.031 Rp27.310.667 Biaya Air Rp1.788.000 Rp1.876.327 Rp1.876.327 Rp1.876.327 Rp1.876.327 Biaya Pengiriman Rp1.800.000 Rp1.888.920 Rp1.982.233 Rp2.080.155 Rp2.182.915 Biaya Barang Habis Pakai Rp5.672.712 Rp5.952.944 Rp6.247.019 Rp6.555.622 Rp6.879.470 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Tak Langsung Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Rp34.991.244 Biaya Pemasaran Rp2.795.000 Rp2.933.073 Rp3.077.967 Rp3.230.018 Rp3.389.581 THR Rp17.315.937 Rp17.504.681 Rp17.695.482 Rp17.888.362 Rp18.083.346 Pinjaman Bunga Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Angsuran Pokok Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Pajak Rp569.855 Rp595.442 Rp839.326 Rp1.164.541 Rp1.332.736 Total Estimasi Arus Kas Keluar Rp20.327.641 Rp995.849.732 Rp1.035.994.622 Rp1.078.167.119 Rp1.130.153.240 Rp1.168.587.478 Arus Kas Bersih Rp248.819.969 Rp59.541.268 Rp62.074.378 Rp86.218.881 Rp110.673.760 Rp135.157.522 Saldo Kas Awal Rp248.819.969 Rp308.361.237 Rp370.435.615 Rp456.654.496 Rp567.328.256 Saldo Kas Akhir Rp248.819.969 Rp308.361.237 Rp370.435.615 Rp456.654.496 Rp567.328.256 Rp702.485.777", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 429, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laporan arus kas atau cashflow menggambarkan informasi mengenaik pemasukan dan pengeluaran dari kegiata biasnis yang dilakukan pada periode tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 455, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 467, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proyeksi Neraca", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 489, "width": 370, "height": 266, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NERACA Tahun 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 AKTIVA Aset Lancar Saldo Kas Akhir Rp308.361.237 Rp370.435.615 Rp456.654.496 RP567.328.256 Rp702.485.777 Total Aset Lancar Rp308.361.237 Rp370.435.615 Rp456.654.496 RP567.328.256 Rp702.485.777 Aset Tetap & Tidak Berwujud Aset Tidak Berwujud SIUP Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Total Aset Tidak Berwujud Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Rp2.700.000 Aset Tetap Biaya Mesin dan Fasilitas Rp7.810.999 Rp7.810.999 Rp7.810.999 Rp7.810.999 Rp7.810.999 Biaya Peralatan Rp9.816.642 Rp9.816.642 Rp9.816.642 Rp17.558.043 Rp17.558.043 Total Aset Tetap Ro17.627.641 Rp17.627.641 Rp17.627.641 Rp25.369.042 Rp25.369.042 Akumulasi Depresiasi & Amortisasi Akumulasi Depresiasi Mesin dan Fasilitas Rp976.375 Rp1.952.750 Rp2.929.125 Rp3.905.500 Rp4.881.874 Akumulasi Depresiasi & Amortisasi Rp3.125.577 Rp6.251.155 Rp9.376.732 Rp12.502.310 Rp15.718.993 Total Aset Tetap & Tidak Berwujud Rp17.202.064 Rp14.076.486 Rp10.950.909 Rp15.566.732 Rp12.350.049 Total Aset Rp325.563.301 Rp384.512.101 Rp467.605.405 Rp582.894.988 Rp714.835.827 PASSIVA Liabilitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "715", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 117, "top": 87, "width": 368, "height": 94, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sisa Hutang Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Total Liabilitas Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Rp- Ekuitas Modal Pemilik Rp269.147.610 Rp269.147.610 Rp269.147.610 Rp269.147.610 Rp269.147.610 EAIT Rp56.415.691 Rp56.415.691 Rp83.093.303 Rp115.289.583 Rp131.940.839 Akumulasi EAIT Rp56.415.691 Rp115.364.491 Rp198.457.794 Rp313.747.378 Rp445.688.216 Total Ekuitas Rp325.563.301 Rp384.512.101 Rp467.605.405 Rp582.894.988 Rp714.835.827 Total Liabilitas & Ekuitas Rp325.563.301 Rp384.512.101 Rp467.605.405 Rp582.894.988 Rp714.835.827", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 205, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laporan neraca berisi total jumlah aset dengan total jumlah lialibilitas dan ekuitas yang memiliki nilai sama sehingga mendapatkan hasil yang balance .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Kelayakan Usaha", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 288, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menentukan kelayakan pada usaha yang dirancang dibutuhkan data finansial seperti laporan laba rugi, neraca, dan arus kas. Dari laporan-laporan tersebut dapat melakukan analisis kelayakan dengan menghitung Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), dan Payback period (PBP). Nilai MARR yang ditentukan berasarkan tingka suku bunga Bank Mandiri yaitu sebesar 8,25%. Suatu usaha akan dikatakan layak apabila memiliki nilai IRR > MARR. Berikut merupakan perhitungan kelayakan pembukaan cabang baru pada usaha sop buntut cut meutia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 444, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 456, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan NPV dan PBP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 427, "height": 178, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Year 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Period 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial Cash Flow (Cash Out) Rp268.147.610 Rp7.741.401 Operational Cash Flow (Cash In) Rp- Rp59.541.268 Rp62.074.378 Rp86.218.881 Rp118.415.161 Rp135.157.522 Salvage Value Rp9.650.049 Working Capital Rp248.819.969 Net Cash -Rp269.147.610 Rp59.541.268 Rp62.074.378 Rp86.218.881 Rp110.673.760 Rp393.627.540 p/f Factor 8,25% 1 0,923787529 0,853383398 0,788344941 0,728263225 0,672760485 NPV -Rp269.147.610 Rp55.003.481 Rp52.973.244 Rp67.970.218 Rp80.599.629 Rp264.817.055 NPV Cumulative -Rp269.147.610 - Rp214.144.129 - Rp161.170.886 -Rp93.200.667 -Rp12.601.038 Rp252.216.017 MARR 8,25% NPV Rp252.216.017 Payback Periode 4,0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas didapatkan bahwa nilai NPV sebesar Rp 252.216.017 dengan periode pengembalian adalah 4 tahun. Selanjutnya untuk menentukan IRR dibutuhkan nilai NPV dan MARR. Berikut merupakan tabel perhitungan untuk menentukan IRR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "716", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 278, "top": 87, "width": 45, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 99, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan IRR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 122, "width": 430, "height": 140, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table of Interpolation Calculation Year 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Net Cash -Rp269.147.610 Rp59.541.268 Rp62.074.378 Rp86.218.881 Rp110.673.760 Rp393.627.540 p/f Factor 29% 1 0,775193798 0,600925425 0,4658333663 0,361111367 0,279931292 NPV -Rp269.147.610 Rp46.156.022 Rp37.302.072 Rp40.163.657 Rp39.965.553 Rp110.188.666 NPV Cumulative -Rp269.147.610 -Rp222.991.588 -Rp185.689.517 -Rp145.525.860 -Rp105.560.307 Rp4.628.359 Net Cash -Rp269.147.610 Rp59.541.268 Rp62.074.378 Rp86.218.881 Rp110.673.760 Rp393.626.540 p/f Factor 30% 1 0,769230769 0,591715976 0,455166136 0,350127797 0,269329074 NPV -Rp269.147.610 Rp45.800.975 Rp36.730.401 Rp39.243.915 Rp38.749.960 Rp106.015.341 NPV Cumulative -Rp269.147.610 -Rp223.346.635 -Rp186.616.234 -Rp147.372.319 -Rp108.622.359 -Rp2.607.018 IRR 29,64%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah mendapatkan dua nilai IRR yang didapatkan dari hasil perhitungan NPV positif dan NPV negatif selanjutnya kedua IRR tersebut dihitung dan didapatkan nilai IRR adalah 29,64%. Nilai tersebut lebih besar dari nilai MARR yaitu 8,25%. Sehingga pembukaan cabang usaha sop buntut cut meutia dapat dikatakan layak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Sensitivitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 413, "width": 429, "height": 94, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan sensitivitas dilakukan untuk memperkirakan dampak yang akan terjadi jika terdapat berubahan biaya pada estimasi finansial yang dapat mempengaruhi jalannya kegiata usaha. Pada tugas akhir ini, dilakukan perhitungan sensitivitas pada kenaikan biaya bahan baku, kenaikan biaya overhead , penurunan permintaan pasar, dan penurunan harga jual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 528, "width": 265, "height": 21, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 11. Perhitungan Sensitivitas pada Peningkatan Biaya Pemesanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 563, "width": 302, "height": 45, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Percentage increase NPV 1 8% Rp36.674.945 2 9% Rp(2.598.009) IRR 8,93%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kenaikan biaya pemesanan pada cabang baru usaha sop buntut adalah sebesar 8,93%. Sehingga kenaikan biaya pemesanan akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi kenaikan sebesar 8,93%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "717", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 278, "top": 87, "width": 45, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 12.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 125, "top": 99, "width": 309, "height": 68, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan Sensitivitas pada Peningkatan Biaya overhead No Percentage increase NPV 1 18% Rp6.526.718 2 19% Rp (8.134.179) IRR 18,45%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kenaikan biaya overhead pada cabang baru usaha Sop Buntut adalah sebesar 18,45%. Sehingga kenaikan biaya bahan baku akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi kenaikan sebesar 18,45%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 265, "width": 231, "height": 20, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 13. Perhitungan Sensitivitas pada Penurunan Harga Jual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 299, "width": 301, "height": 45, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Percentage Increase NPV 1 5% Rp23.978.379 2 6% Rp(21.667.733) IRR 5,53%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 369, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan harga jual pada cabang baru usaha sop buntut adalah sebesar 5,53%. Sehingga penurunan harga jual akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi penurunan sebesar 5,53%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 442, "width": 45, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 453, "width": 261, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan Sensitivitas pada Penurunan Permintaan Pasar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 477, "width": 311, "height": 45, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Percentage Increase NPV 1 5% Rp24.567.157 2 6% Rp(21.121.318) IRR 5,54%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan permintaan pasar pada cabang baru usaha sop buntut adalah sebesar 5,54%. Sehingga penurunan permintaan pasar akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi penurunan sebesar 5,54%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 629, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Rancangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 650, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari proses perancangan yang telah dilakukan maka akan menghasilkan sebuah hasil rancangan. Pada aspek teknis menggambarkan proses bisnis dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan proses bisnis. Selanjutnya, menentukan jumlah tenaga kerja, lokasi cabang, layout cabang, dan kebutuhan peralatan untuk menunjang operasional. Kelayakan pada usaha ditentukan berdasarkan pertimbangan nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "718", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NPV,IRR, dan PBP. Berikut merupakan hasil dari rancangan pada pembukaan Cabang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Sop Buntut Cut Meutia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 140, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 15.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 261, "top": 152, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Rancangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 175, "width": 339, "height": 138, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Perancangan Hasil Rancangan 1 Proses Bisnis Dalam proses bisnis untuk pembukaan cabang terdapat tambahan pegawai untuk bagian kasir dan pemasaran. 2 Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Jumlah tenaga kerja ada sebanyak 8 tenaga kerja yang terdiri dari, a) 1 pegawai kasir; b) 1 staff dapur; c) 4 pelayan; c) 1 pegawai pemasaran 3 Lokasi Usaha Lokasi usaha terpilih berdasarkan perhitunga menggunakan metode factor rating. Lokasi yang terpilih berada di Tebet, Jakart Selatan 4 Layout Usaha Tempat usaha dengan luas 100 m 2 berisikan: toilet, mushola, ruang wudhu, kulkas, area dapur depan, area dapur belakang, etalase, ruang makan, dan area parkir.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 316, "width": 333, "height": 43, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Kebutuhan Mesin dan Peralatan Mesin dan fasilitas yang dibutuhkan dalam membuka cabang usaha terdiri dari etalase, kipas angin, alat pemanggang, alat kasir, tablet, rice cooker , dan chiller serta terdapat beberapa peralatan lainnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 362, "width": 335, "height": 56, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 NPV Nilai NPV layak diterima karena bernilai positif yaitu Rp 252.216.017 7 IRR Nilai IRR adalah sebesar 29,64%. Nilai IRR > MARR sehingga IRR dapat diterima. 8 Payback period", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 248, "top": 409, "width": 213, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Periode pengembalian modal adalah selama 4 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 443, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 429, "height": 156, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Net Present Value (NPV) adalah metode analisis investasi yang mengukur sejauh mana suatu proyek atau investasi akan menghasilkan keuntungan bagi perusahaan (sampoerna.university, 2022). Nilai NPV yang didapatkan adalah sebesar Rp.252.216.017. Nilai NPV yang positif menunjukkan bahwa investasi cabang baru pada usaha sop buntut Cut Meutia akan menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih besar daripada biaya investasinya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proyek memiliki potensi untuk menciptakan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan dan dianggap sebagai proyek yang layak untuk dilaksanakan (Ramadhani, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 629, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Internal Rate of Return (IRR) adalah tingkat suku bunga di mana nilai sekarang dari arus kas masuk sama dengan nilai sekarang dari arus kas keluar. Nilai IRR yang didapatkan adalah 29,64%, dan tingkat Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) adalah 8,25%. Jika tingkat pengembalian internal lebih tinggi dari MARR, proyek dianggap menguntungkan (Najmuddin & Rachmawati, 2021). Dalam kasus ini,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "719", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "karena nilai IRR (29,64%) lebih tinggi dari MARR (8,25%), proyek pembukaan cabang baru dianggap menguntungkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 115, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Payback Period (PBP) adalah periode waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengembalikan investasi awal dari arus kas bersih yang dihasilkan oleh proyek. Dapat diasumsikan bahwa PBP dari proyek ini memenuhi batas waktu yang dianggap wajar oleh perusahaan. PBP yang lebih pendek menunjukkan bahwa investasi akan cepat dikembalikan, dan ini menjadi pertimbangan tambahan dalam menilai layak atau tidaknya proyek tersebut (Liestyowati, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil analisis menggunakan metode NPV, IRR, dan PBP tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa perancangan usaha pembukaan cabang baru pada usaha sop buntut Cut Meutia dianggap layak untuk dilaksanakan. Nilai NPV yang positif menunjukkan bahwa proyek ini dapat menciptakan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan, nilai IRR yang tinggi menunjukkan tingkat pengembalian yang menguntungkan, dan PBP yang memenuhi batas waktu yang wajar menunjukkan bahwa investasi dapat cepat dikembalikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 398, "width": 383, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis sensitivitas yang dilakukan menunjukkan beberapa hasil. Pertama,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kenaikan biaya pemesanan pada cabang baru usaha sop buntut adalah sebesar 8,93%. Sehingga kenaikan biaya pemesanan akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi kenaikan sebesar 8,93%. Kenaikan biaya pemesanan dapat mempengaruhi biaya operasional dan keuntungan usaha. Pemesanan adalah salah satu aspek penting dalam manajemen persediaan dan rantai pasokan. Ketika biaya pemesanan meningkat, perusahaan mungkin perlu membayar lebih untuk mengamankan persediaan barang. Dampak kenaikan biaya pemesanan tersebut harus dievaluasi dalam konteks keseluruhan biaya operasional dan pendapatan perusahaan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hal ini mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha (Achriani et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, kenaikan biaya overhead pada cabang baru usaha Sop Buntut adalah sebesar 18,45%. Sehingga kenaikan biaya bahan baku akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi kenaikan sebesar 18,45%. Biaya overhead meliputi berbagai biaya yang tidak langsung terkait dengan produksi barang atau layanan, seperti biaya administrasi, biaya listrik, biaya sewa, dan biaya pengelolaan. Kenaikan biaya overhead sebesar 18,45% dapat berdampak pada biaya operasional secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "720", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan harga jual pada cabang baru usaha sop buntut adalah sebesar 5,53%. Sehingga penurunan harga jual akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi penurunan sebesar 5,53%. Penurunan harga jual dapat berdampak langsung pada pendapatan perusahaan (Priharto, 2018). Dengan harga jual yang lebih rendah, pendapatan dari penjualan produk atau layanan juga akan menurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan permintaan pasar pada cabang baru usaha sop buntut adalah sebesar 5,54%. Sehingga penurunan permintaan pasar akan mulai mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha apabila terjadi penurunan sebesar 5,54%. Penurunan permintaan pasar akan berdampak langsung pada penjualan produk atau layanan. Jika permintaan pasar menurun, maka jumlah penjualan juga akan menurun (Kotler & Keller, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu, a) berdasarkan perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode NPV, IRR, dan PBP, maka perancangan usaha pembukaan cabang baru pada usaha sop buntut cut meutia dianggap layak; b) hasil analisis sensitivitas yang dilakukan adalah terjadi peningkatan biaya bahan baku, peningkatan biaya overhead , penurunan harga jual, dan penurunan jumlah permintaan pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Achriani, N., Ruhyanto, A., & Yanti, R. A. E. (2021). Pengaruh Biaya Operasional terhadap Laba Perusahaan Media Group Electronic and Celluler Malangbong. J- KIP, 2 (3), 171-178. https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/index.php/J-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 425, "height": 53, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KIP/article/viewFile/6394/4330 bi.go.id. (2022). Laporan Perekonomian Provinsi DKI Jakarta Februari 2022. https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan/lpp/pages/laporan-perekonomian- provinsi-dki-jakarta-februari-2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chumaidiyah, E. (2021). Analisis dan Perancangan Perusahaan . Bandung: Tel-U Press Djamin, Z. (1992). Perencanaan Dan Analisa Proyek . Jakarta: Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 425, "height": 39, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jakarta.bps.go.id. (2022). Profil Industri Mikro Kecil Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2020. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/publication/2022/03/15/c5da38d310921b78e36f3005/pr ofil-industri-mikro-kecil-provinsi-dki-jakarta-2020.html", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kasmir, J. (2012). Studi Kelayakan Bisnis . Jakarta: Kencana Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2009). Manajemen Pemasaran . Jakarta: Erlangga Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Manajemen Pemasaran , (12 th ed.). Jakarta: Pt. Indeks Liestyowati, L. (2015). Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Bisnis Jasa Pengiriman Barang Ditinjau dari Aspek Keuangan (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Wahana). Jurnal Ekonomi, 17 (3), 421-435. https://ejournal.borobudur.ac.id/index.php/1/article/view/283", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 39, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 5 (1) 701-721", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 785, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "721", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Najmuddin, M. I., & Rachmawati, F. (2021). Analisa Kelayakan Finansial Proyek Apartemen (Studi Kasus: Tower Aubrey Grand Shamaya Surabaya). Jurnal Teknik ITS, 10 (2), 130-135. https://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/teknik/article/download/69510/6691", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Priharto, S. (2018). Mengetahui Pentingnya Menentukan Harga Jual Produk . https://cpssoft.com/blog/manajemen/mengetahui-pentingnya-menentukan-harga- jual-produk/", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ramadhani, N. (2020). Definisi Mengenai NPV atau Net Present Value. https://www.akseleran.co.id/blog/npv-adalah/", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 429, "height": 52, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Samporna.University. (2022). Pengertian Net Present Value, Manfaat, Rumus dan Cara Hitung . https://www.sampoernauniversity.ac.id/id/npv-adalah/ Sumayang, L. (2003). Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Produksi dan Operasi . Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Empat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 418, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teguh, B. (2006). Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi . Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "69", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 73, "width": 360, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERMENT GOVERNANCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 226, "top": 115, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mohammad Aryo Arifin *)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 268, "top": 142, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 170, "width": 456, "height": 89, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan good goverment governence dengan implementasi dari akuntansi akrual pada pemerintah daerah di Indonesia, sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2010. Penggunaan basis akrual adalah satu program reformasi karena birokrasi pemerintah tidak akuntabel dan transparan dalam hal pelaksanaan manajemen keuangan. Karenanya, basis akrual dibutuhkan untuk memberikan laporan keuangan yang komprehensif dan dapat dipercaya kepada para pemangku kepentingan. Dengan demikian SAP merupakan persyaratan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah pusat maupun daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 275, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Standar Akuntansi, GCG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 315, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah mengeluarkan peraturan baru PP Nomor 71 Tahun 2010 menggantikan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. Peraturan ini menggantikan Standar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 398, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntansi Pemerintahan berbasis kas menjadi berbasis akrual dalam pengelolaan dan pelaporan keuangan pemerintah., yang akan mulai dilaksanakan pada tahun 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basis akrual merupakan basis akuntansi yang mengakui pengaruh suatu transaksi pada saat terjadinya, tanpa memperhatikan saat kas atau setara kas diterima atau dibayar (Kawedar, et. al., 2008: 86). Standar akuntansi pemerintah berbasis akrual ini diadopsi dari keberhasilan pemerintah negara-negara maju untuk meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan transparansi keuangan pemerintah, seperti Selandia Baru, Australia,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amerika Serikat, Inggris dan Swedia, serta menjadi kesatuan reformasi dalam bidang pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 701, "width": 37, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 701, "width": 213, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "negara pasti membutuhkan pemerintahan yang baik atau yang sering disebut Good", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 743, "width": 213, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Goverment Governance . Good", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 301, "width": 213, "height": 232, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Goverment Governance merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat ditampilkan dalam pencapaian kinerja sebagaimana komitmen yang telah ditetapkan. Melalui perbaikan kinerja, pemerintah dapat melakukan komunikasi dua arah dengan rakyatnya dalam rangka mencari titik temu pemecahan masalah-masalah yang terjadi. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan tersebut, pemerintah harus dapat mengolah sumber daya yang ada dinegaranya, dan salah salah satu yang terpenting adalah bagaimana usaha pemerintah dalam mengelola keuangan negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 536, "width": 213, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mardiasmo (2004) mengatakan, instansi pemerintah wajib melakukan pengelolaan keuangan serta mempertanggungjawabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 591, "width": 213, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelaksanaan keuangannya sesuai dengan tugas pokok dan fungsinya yang didasarkan pada perencanaan strategis yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 646, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyusunan laporan keuangan yang berpedoman pada standar akuntansi pemerintah sesungguhnya dalam rangka peningkatan kualiats laporan keuangan, sehingga laporan keuangan yang dimaksud dapat meningkatkan kredibilitasnya dalam mewujudkan transparansi dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 782, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*) Dosen Tetap Fakultas Ekonomi UPGRI Palembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "70", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan daerah, sehingga, dapat tercapai good goverment governance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 115, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 115, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah Daerah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 213, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terdapat 2 subsistem, yaitu Satuan Kerja Pengelola Keuangan Daerah (SKPKD) dan Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD). Laporan Keuangan SKPD merupakan sumber untuk menyusun Laporan Keuangan SKPKD, oleh karena itu setiap SKPD harus menyusun Laporan Keuangan sebaik mungkin. Laporan keuangan pemerintah yang dihasilkan harus memenuhi prinsip-prinsip tepat waktu dan disusun dengan mengikuti Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2010.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 213, "height": 231, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah (LKPD) setiap tahunnya mendapat penilaian berupa opini dari Badan Pengawas Keuangan (BPK). Terdapat empat opini yang diberikan pemeriksa yaitu: Opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP), Opini Wajar Dengan Pengecualian (WDP), Opini Tidak Wajar (TP), dan Pernyataan Menolak memberi Opini atau Tidak Memberi Pendapat (TMP). Menurut UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2004 penjelasan pasal 16 ayat 1, opini merupakan pernyataan profesional pemeriksa mengenai kewajaran informasi keuangan yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 570, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar pengelolaan keuangan daerah dapat memenuhi asas tertib, ekonomis, efektif, efisien, akuntabel, transparan dan komprehensif maka dikeluarkanlah Peraturan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 625, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia No.64 Tahun 2013 tentang Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual pada Pemerintah Daerah sebagai pengganti", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permendagri Nomor 59 Tahun 2007, dan salah satu upaya kongkrit untuk mewujudkan transparansi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan adalah penyampaian pertanggungjawaban laporan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 115, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keuangan yang memenuhi prinsip tepat waktu dan disusun dengan standar akuntansi pemerintahan yang telah diterima secara umum, sehingga dapat diperbandingkan, dan tidak menyesatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 198, "width": 213, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai langkah awal yang bisa dilakukan untuk mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik ( good governance ) adalah implementasi Standar akuntansi pemerintahan berbasis akrual diharapkan lebih sistematis menuju pengelolaan keuangan yang lebih baik sebagai salah satu agenda reformasi keuangan di Indonesia, serta tantangan di era globalisasi sekarang ini yaitu adanya tuntutan akuntabilitas dan transparansi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dengan adanya akuntansi pemerintahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 404, "width": 213, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan good government governance ini diharapkan mampu membawa negara Indonesia bangkit dari keterpurukannya, sehingga penegakkan good government governance menjadi hal yang mutlak diperlukan. Salah satu hal yang mendesak untuk tercapainya good government governance ini adalah lewat reformasi bidang keuangan berbasis Akrual yang trnasparansi dan akuntabilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 584, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Permasalahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 337, "top": 598, "width": 191, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagaimanakah penerapan SAP Berbasis Akrual pada Pemerintah Daerah Lokal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 653, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 681, "width": 213, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Good Government Governance Pemerintah daerah yang menerapkan SAP, akan tercermin pada pengelolaan keuangan daerah yang lebih baik. Konsep good", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "government governanc e sudah lama menjadi perbincangan di atmosfer Indonesia. Definisi good governance sendiri menurut LAN (2000) adalah suatu penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara yang solid dan bertanggung jawab, serta efisien dan efektif, dengan menjaga kesinergian interaksi yang konstruktif diantara domain-domain negara, sektor swasta dan masyarakat ( state, private sector and society ). Oleh karena itu good government governance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "meliputi penataan hubungan antara lembaga-lembaga tinggi negara, antar lembaga", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemerintah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 213, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "termasuk juga hubungannya dengan masyarakat sebagai pihak yang memiliki kedaulatan dalam suatu negara demokrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 349, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Governance dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 349, "width": 213, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "good governance banyak didefinisikan berbeda menurut para ahli, namun dari perbedaan definisi dan pengertian tersebut dapat ditarik benang merah yang dapat mengakomodasi semua pendapat para ahli tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Governance dapat diartikan sebagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 458, "width": 213, "height": 247, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cara mengelola urusan – urusan publik (Mardiasmo, 2004:17). Sedangkan menurut Osborne and Gaebler (1992) governance memiliki arti sebagai proses dimana secara kolektif memecahkan permasalahaan dalam memenuhi kebetuhan masyarakat; dan government adalah instrument yang dipakai untuk itu. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa governance merupakan denyut nadi dari government itu. Good government governance juga dapat diartikan sebagai pelayanan publik yang efisien, sistem pengadilan yang dapat diandalkan, pemerintahan yang bertanggung jawab ( accountable ) pada publiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 708, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organization for Economic", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cooperation and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 722, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Development", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 736, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyebutkan 4 (empat) hal pokok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang menjadi prinsip dasar good government governance , diantaranya adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 115, "width": 213, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Keadilan ( fairness ). Melindungi segenap kepentingan masyarakat dan stakeholder lainnya dari rekayasa-rekayasa dan transaksi- transaksi yang bertentangan dengan peraturan yang berlaku. b. Tranparansi ( transparency ). Meningkatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 458, "top": 211, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterbukaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 225, "width": 191, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( disclosure ) dari kinerja pemerintah daerah secara teratur dan tepat waktu ( timely basis ) serta benar ( accurate ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 280, "width": 213, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Dapat dikontrol/Tanggunggugat ( accountability ). Menciptakan sistem pengawasan yang efektif didasarkan atas distribusi dan keseimbangan kekuasaan ( distribution and balance of power) d. Tanggungjawab ( responsibility ). Pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 377, "width": 191, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memiliki tanggungjawab untuk mematuhi hukum dan ketentuan peraturan yang berlaku termasuk tanggap terhadap kepentingan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 460, "width": 213, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagi pemerintah daerah yang tidak dijalankan dengan prinsip-prinsip good government governance , akan beranggapan bahwa dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut justru akan merugikan kepentingan mereka. Namun dengan memahami secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 387, "top": 557, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyeluruh tentang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 570, "width": 213, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "prinsipprinsip good government governance , maka sebenarnya pemerintahan daerah dapat menarik manfaat yang bisa dinikmati oleh seluruh pihak yang berkepentingan terhadap pemerintah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 653, "width": 213, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Good goverment governance tidaklah terbatas pada bagaimana pemerintah menjalankan wewenang dengan baik semata, tetapi lebih penting lagi adalah bagaimana masyarakat dapat berpartisipasi dan mengontrol pemerintah untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "72", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menjalankan wewenang tersebut dengan baik (Accountable). Karenanya seringkali tata pemerintahan yang baik dapat diartikan sebagai cara mengelola urusan-urusan publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengelolaan urusan publik yang dapat diperankan oleh akuntansi sektor publik yaitu penciptaan transparansi dan akuntabilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Transparansi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 225, "width": 213, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Mardiasmo definisi transparansi (2004:30) adalah transparansi berarti", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 214, "top": 253, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterbukaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 266, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(opennsess ) pemerintah dalam memberikan informasi yang terkait dengan aktivitas pengelolaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 212, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seumberdaya publik kepada pihak – pihak yang membutuhkan informasi. Pemerintah berkewajiban memberikan informasi keuangan dan informasi lainya yang akan digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan oleh pihak – pihak yang berkepentingan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 213, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahwa pemerintah harus tebuka dalam memberikan informasi yang terkait dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya publik kepada pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan dan juga pemerintah berkewajiban terbukanya dalam memberikan informasi keuangan dan informasi lainnya yangakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 515, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk pengambilan keputusan oleh pihak- pihak yang membutuhkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 212, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Definisi transparansi dalam Buku “Pedoman Penguatan Pengamanan Program Pembangunan Daerah, Bappenas dan Depdagri (2002:18) ”, menerangakan bahwa Transparansi adalah: “Transparansi adalah prinsip yang menjamain akses atau kebebasan bagi setiap orang untuk memperoleh informasi tentang penyelenggaraan pemerintahan , yakni informasi tentang kebijakan proses pembuatan dan pelaksanaanya serta hasil- hasil yang dicapai.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga transparansi merupakan suatu prinsip yang menjamin akses atau kebebasan bagi setiap orang untuk memperoleh informasi yang akan diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah yaitu informasi tentang kebikan pemerintah, proses pembuatan kebijakan dan pelaksanaan yang akan diselenggarakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemerintah dan juga hasil-hasil yang dicapai oleh pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 225, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Mardiasmo (2003:77)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 239, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggaran yang disusun oleh pihak eksekutif dikatakan transparansi jika memenuhi beberapa kriteria berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Terdapat pengumuman kebijakan anggaran,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 308, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Tersedia dokumen anggaran dan mudah diakses,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Tersedia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 336, "width": 191, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "laporan pertanggungjawaban yang tepat waktu,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 377, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Terakomodasinya suara/usulan rakyat,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 405, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Terdapat sistem pemberian informasi kepada pubik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 446, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Akuntabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 460, "width": 213, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntabilitas berasal dari istilah dalam bahasa Inggris accountability yang berarti pertanggunganjawaban atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 501, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keadaan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipertanggungjawabkan atau keadaan untuk diminta pertanggunganjawaban. Menurut Mardiasmo (2004:20)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 556, "width": 213, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerangakan bahwa pengertian akuntabilitas adalah: “Akuntabilitas adalah kewajiban pihak pemegang amanah ( agent ) untuk memberikan pertanggung jawaban, menyajikan, melaporkan, dan mengungkapkan segala aktifitas dan kegiatan yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya kepada pihak pemberi amanah ( prinscipal ) yang memiliki hak dan kewenangan untuk meminta pertanggung jawaban tersebut. ”, sehingga akuntabilitas merupakan prinsip yang menjamin bahwa setiap kegiatan suatu lembaga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "73", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atau perorangan dapat dipertangungjawabkan secara terbuka kepada masyarakat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 213, "height": 218, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dilihat dari berbagi sudut pandang tersebut, maka akuntabilitas dapat diartikan sebagai kewajiban untuk menyajikan dan melaporkan segala tindak lanjut dan kegiatan seseorang atau lembaga terutama bidang administrasi keuangan kepada pihak yang lebih tinggi. Akuntabilitas dalam konteks pemerintahan mempunyai arti pertanggungjawaban yang merupakan salah satu ciri dari terapan good governance . Pemikiran ini bersumber dari pemikiran administrasi publik merupakan isu menuju clean goverment atau pemerintahan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 322, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 213, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntabilitas dilihat dari sudut pandang pengendalian merupakan tindakan pada pencapaian tujuan. Akuntabilitas publik akan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 213, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tercapai jika pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh dewan dan masyarakat berjalan secara efektif. Untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 432, "width": 213, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menciptakan akuntabilitas kepada publik diperlukan partisipasi pimpinan instansi dan warga masyarakat dalam penyusunan dan pengawasan keuangan daerah (APBD). Sehingga akuntabilitas publik yang tinggi akan memperkuat fungsi pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh dewan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 543, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip akuntabilitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 212, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mensyaratkan kepada pemerintah untuk memberikan jawaban kepada warganya atas timbulnya sumber pendapatan dan belanja. Akuntabilitas pemerintah didasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 612, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 625, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepercayaan warganya yang memiliki hak untuk mengetahui, hak untuk memperoleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 653, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "fakta-fakta yang diumumkan secara terbuka, yang memungkinkan untuk diperdebatkan oleh masyarakat atau para wakilnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 315, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Salah satu upaya konkrit untuk mewujudkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan negara adalah penyampaian laporan pertanggungjawaban keuangan pemerintah yang memenuhi prinsip tepat waktu dan disusun dengan mengikuti standar akuntansi pemerintahan yang telah diterima secara umum. Standar akuntansi pemerintahan merupakan prinsip- prinsip akuntansi yang diterapkan dalam menyusun dan menyajikan laporan keuangan pemerintah. Setiap entitas pelaporan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah wajib menerapkan SAP (Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan). Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 tahun 2005 sebagaimana telah dirubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah terdiri dari:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 391, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kerangka konseptual akuntansi pemerintah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 418, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. PSAP Nomor 01 tentang Penyajian Laporan Keuangan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 446, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. PSAP Nomor 02 tentang Laporan Realisasi Anggaran;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 474, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. PSAP Nomor 03 tentang Laporan Arus Kas;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 501, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. PSAP Nomor 04 tentang Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 529, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. PSAP Nomor 05 tentang Akuntansi Persediaan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 556, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. PSAP Nomor 06 tentang Akuntansi Investasi;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 584, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. PSAP Nomor 07 tentang Akuntansi Aset Tetap;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 612, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i. PSAP Nomor 08 tentang Akuntansi Konstruksi Dalam Pengerjaan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 639, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j. PSAP Nomor 09 tentang Akuntansi Kewajiban;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 667, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "k. PSAP Nomor 10 tentang Koreksi Kesalahan, Perubahan Kebijakan Akuntansi, Perubahan Estimasi Akuntansi dan Operasi Yang Tidak Dilanjutkan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l. PSAP Nomor 11 tentang Laporan Keuangan Konsolidasian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "m. PSAP Nomor 12 tentang Laporan Operasional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 137, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SAP akan digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam menyusun dan menyajikan laporan keuangan pemerintah pusat dan daerah berupa: a. Laporan Realisasi Anggaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 206, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Laporan Perubahan Saldo Anggaran Lebih (SAL) c. Neraca", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Laporan ArusKas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Laporan Operasional", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 275, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 289, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 311, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan adanya SAP, maka laporan keuangan pemerintah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pusat/daerah akan lebih berkualitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 213, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(dapat dipahami, relevan, andal dan dapat diperbandingkan). Laporan tersebut akan diaudit terlebih dahulu oleh BPK untuk diberikan opini dalam rangka meningkatkan kredibilitas laporan, sebelum disampaikan kepada para stakeholder antara lain pemerintah, DPR/DPRD, investor, kreditor dan masyarakat dalam rangka transparansi dan akuntabilitas keuangan negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 518, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Sistem Akuntansi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 546, "width": 212, "height": 190, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka mengemban amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 yang menetapkan basis akrual diterapkan selambat-lambatnya pada tahun anggaran 2008, KSAP sejak tahun 2006 telah memulai mengkaji, melakukan penelitian dan pembahasan serta menyiapkan Draft SAP yang berbasis akrual berdasarkan kesepakatan sementara dari KSAP. Penyusunan Draft SAP yang berbasis akrual tersebut dilakukan secara hati- hati dengan mempertimbangkan antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual (PP Nomor 24 Tahun 2005 - cash towards accrual ) baru saja diterbitkan dan belum sepenuhnya diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 170, "width": 213, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. SAP berbasis akrual yang akan disusun sesuai Undang-undang Keuangan Negara mengharuskan perubahan/penyempurnaan pada bidang perencanaan dan penganggaran, dimana KSAP tidak dalam posisi untuk membuat ketentuan/peraturan di bidang tersebut (misalnya keharusan untuk menganggarkan terhadap kewajiban-kewajiban yang harus dibayar pada akhir tahun buku).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 349, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atas 2 (dua) strategi tersebut, KSAP sepakat menggunakan strategi yang ke-dua, dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 405, "width": 213, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual telah disusun dengan mengacu pada beberapa referensi bertaraf internasional antara lain IPSAS, Governmental", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 460, "width": 198, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accounting Standards Board (GASB), dan Government Finance Statistics (GFS), sehingga diharapkan SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual yang akan disesuaikan menjadi akrual sudah dapat diterima umum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 556, "width": 213, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengurangi resistensi dari para pengguna SAP (PP Nomor 24 Tahun 2005) terhadap perubahan basis akuntansi. Pengguna PP Nomor 24 Tahun 2005 masih dalam tahap pembelajaran dan perlu waktu yang cukup lama untuk memahaminya sehingga apabila SAP akrual berbeda jauh dengan SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual akan menimbulkan resistensi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 708, "width": 213, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Penyusunan SAP berbasis akrual relatif menjadi lebih mudah karena sebagian dari PSAP berbasis kas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 198, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menuju akrual (PSAP Nomor 01, 05, 06, 07, dan 08 dalam PP 24/2005) telah berbasis akrual sehingga hanya memerlukan penyesuaian beberapa PSAP berbasis akrual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 213, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Penerapan SAP berbasis akrual yang disusun sesuai pola SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual lebih mudah bagi para pengguna standar karena sudah disosialisasikan, dan para pengguna telah memiliki pemahaman dan pengalaman terhadap SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SAP basis akrual berlaku efektif untuk laporan keuangan atas pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan anggaran mulai tahun 2010, akan tetapi apabila entitas pelaporan belum dapat menerapkan PSAP ini, entitas pelaporan dapat menerapkan PSAP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbasis Kas Menuju Akrual paling lama 4 (empat) tahun setelah Tahun Anggaran 2010 (Simanjuntak, 2010). Penerapan SAP Berbasis Akrual dapat dilaksanakan secara bertahap dari penerapan SAP Berbasis Kas Menuju Akrual menjadi penerapan SAP Berbasis Akrual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 184, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai penerapan SAP", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbasis Akrual secara bertahap pada pemerintah pusat diatur dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 225, "width": 213, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Keuangan, sedangkan untuk pemerintah daerah diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri (pasal 7 PP 71 tahun 2010).Untuk pemerintah pusat, strategi penerapan basis akrual, sudah dilakukan mulai tahun 2009, yaitu dengan menyajikan informasi akrual untuk pendapatan dan belanja sebagai pelengkap LRA berbasis kas.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 277, "top": 391, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 405, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menyajikan perbedaan antara SAP Kas menuju Akrual dan SAP Akrual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 432, "width": 456, "height": 264, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Perbedaan Kas Menuju Akrual Akrual 1 Peranan laporan keuangan Pelaporan diperlukan untuk kepentingan: a. akuntabilitas b. manajemen c. transparasi d. keseimbangan antar generasi Pelaporan diperlukan untuk kepentingan: a. akuntabilitas b. manajemen c. transparasi d. keseimbangan antar generasi e. evaluasi kerja 2 Komponen laporan keuangan Laporan Keuangan Pokok: a. Laporan realisasi anggaran (LRA) b. Neraca c. LAK d. CaLK Laporan yang bersifat optional: a. Laporan kinerja keuangan b. Laporan perubahan ekuitas Laporan Keuangan Pokok: a. Laporan realisasi anggaran (LRA) b. Laporan perubahan SAL", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 362, "top": 598, "width": 154, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Neraca d. Laporan Operasional e. Laporan arus kas f. Laporan perubahan ekuitas g. CaLK", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 453, "height": 541, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Basis Akuntansi Basis kas untuk pengakuan pendapatan, belanja dan pembiayaan dalam LRA. Basis akrual untuk pengakuan aset, keajiban dan ekuitas dalam neraca Basis akrual untuk pengakuan pendapatan-LO, beban, aset, kewajiban, dan ekuitas. Dalam hal anggaran disusun dan dilaksanakan berdasar basis kas, maka LRA disusun berdasarkan basis kas. Bilamana anggaran disusun dan dilaksanakan berdasarkan basis akrual, maka LRA disusun berdasarkan basis akrual. 4 Unsur Laporan Keuangan a) Laporan realisasi anggaran (LRA): 1. Pendapatan 2. Belanja 3. Transfer 4. Pembiayaan b) Neraca: 1. Aset 2. Kewajiban 3. Ekuitas Dana (Ekuitas dana lancar, investasi dan dana cadangan c) LAK: 1. Penerimaan Kas 2. Pengeluaran Kas d) CaLK e) Laporan Kinerja Keuangan: Laporan realisasi pendapatan (basis akrual) & belanja (basis akrual) – bersifat OPTIONAL f) Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas Kenaikan dan penurunan ekuitas tahun pelaporan dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya – bersifat OPTIONAL a) Laporan Pelaksanaan Anggaran 1. LRA  Pendapatan-LRA", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 376, "top": 288, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Belanja", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 376, "top": 301, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Transfer", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 376, "top": 314, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Pembiayaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 360, "top": 330, "width": 164, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Laporan Perubahan SAL Menyajikan informasi kenaikan atau penurunan saldo anggaran lebih tahun pelaporan dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya b) Laporan Finansial", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 369, "top": 419, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Neraca", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 429, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Aset", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 378, "top": 442, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Kewajiban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 378, "top": 456, "width": 54, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Ekuitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 369, "top": 472, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Laporan Operasional (LO)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 482, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Pendapatan-LO", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 378, "top": 495, "width": 50, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Beban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 378, "top": 509, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Transfer", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 378, "top": 522, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Pos Luar Biasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 369, "top": 538, "width": 155, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas (LPE)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 360, "top": 563, "width": 164, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kenaikan dan penurunan ekuitas tahun pelaporan dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 601, "width": 429, "height": 152, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Laporan Arus Kas  Penerimaan Kas  Pengeluaran Kas 5. CALK 5 Pengakuan Unsur Laporan Keuangan a. Pengakuan Pendapatan:  Pendapatan menurut basis akrual diakui pada saat timbulnya hak atas pendapatan tersebut atau ada aliran masuk sumberdaya ekonomi a) Pengakuan Pendapatan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 360, "top": 664, "width": 164, "height": 63, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Pendapatan-LO diakui pada saat timbulnya hak atas pendapatan tersebut atau ada aliran masuk sumber daya ekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 360, "top": 727, "width": 164, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Pendapatan-LRA diakui pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 360, "top": 742, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saat kas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 214, "top": 71, "width": 310, "height": 243, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Pendapatan menurut basis kas diakui pada saat kas diterima direkening kas umum negara/daerah atau oleh entitas pelaporan b. Pengakuan Belanja:  Belanja menurut basis akrual diakui pada saat timbulnya kewajiban atau pada saat diperoleh manfaat.  Belanja menurut basis kas diakui pada saat terjadinya pengeluaran dari kas umum negara/daerah atau entitas pelaporan. diterima di rekening kas umum negara/daerah atau oleh entitas pelaporan. b) Pengakuan Belanja dan Beban:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 360, "top": 149, "width": 167, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Beban diakui pada saat timbulnya kewajiban, terjadinya konsumsi aset, atau terjadinya penurunan manfaat ekonomi atau potensi jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 212, "width": 417, "height": 155, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Belanja diakui berdasarkan terjadinya pengeluaran dari rekening kas umum negara/daerah atau entitas pelaporan. Dengan adanya Standar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 370, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) yang telah ditetapkan, maka diharapkan akan memberikan dampak yang baik terhadap kualitas (dapat dipahami, relevan, andal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 425, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan dapat diperbandingkan) laporan keuangan pemerintah pusat / daerah. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan terdapat 12 pernyataan standar yang harus dipahami dan diterapkan oleh para penyusun laporan keuangan daerah. Kualitas laporan keuangan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 535, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dihasilkan oleh setiap daerah akan diperiksa oleh BPK", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 549, "width": 212, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan menghasilkan opiri sesuai dengan hasil yang dicapai oleh setiap pemerintah daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan kredibilitas laporan sebelum disampaikan kepada para stakeholder antara lain pemerintah, DPR/DPRD, investor, kreditor dan masyarakat dalam rangka transparansi dan akuntabilitas keuangan negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 687, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, Kualitas laporan keuangan akan sangat tergantung dari pemahaman penyaji atas standar akuntansi yang ada. Auditor akan menilai apakah penyajian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 356, "width": 212, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tersebut sesuai dengan standar atau tidak. Keseuaian dengan standar akan tercapai jika para penyusun laporan keuangan memahami dan menerapkannya dengan benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 439, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 466, "width": 212, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar laporan keuangan dapat memenuhi kualitas yang dikehendaki, maka laporan keuangan harus memenuhi empat karakteristik kualitatif yaitu: 1. Relevan Informasi dalam laporan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 563, "width": 212, "height": 190, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keuangan yang dihasilkan harus memenuhi unsur relevan terhadap pengaruh keputusan ekonomi pemakai laporan dengan membantu merka mengevaluasi peristiwa masa lalu, masa kini atau masa depan, atau mengoreksi hasil evaluasi mereka dimasa lalu sehingga informasi yang relevan dapat memberikan manfaat umpan balik dan prediktif. Selain itu juga, informasi yang relevan juga harus menyajikan informasi keuangan selengkap-lengkapnya dan disajikan dengan tepat waktu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Keandalan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar bermanfaat, informasi juga harus andal. Informasi dalam laporan keuangan harus memiliki kualitas andal jika bebas dari pengertian yang menyesatkan, kesalahan material, dan dapat diandalkan pemakainya sebagai penyajian yang jujur dari yang harus disajikan. Meskipun keuangan tersebut relevan, tetapi juka penyajianya tidak dapat diandalkan, maka pengguna informasi tersebut secara potensial dapat menyesatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 213, "height": 122, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Dapat dibandingkan Pemakai informasi harus dapat membandingakan laporan keuangan antar periode untuk mengidentifikasi kecendrungan posisi dan kinerja keuangan. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran dan penyajian dampak keuangan dari transaksi dan peristiwa lain harus dilakukan secara konsisten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 418, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Dapat dipahami", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 432, "width": 212, "height": 204, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas penting informasi yang ditampung dalam laporan keuangan adalah kemudahanya untuk segera dapat dipahami oleh pemakai. Dengan asumsi pengguna laporan keuangan memiliki pengetahuan yang memadahi tentang akuntansi. Dengan demikian secara teoritis aktivitas penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan dapat mencapai tujuan atau hasil yang ingin dicapai, yaitu dapat mewujudkan dan meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan dengan menerapkan 12 pernyataan yang terkandung dalam standar akuntansi pemerintahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 213, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu kualitas laporan keuangan yang harus dicapai adalah masalah relevansi. Kata relevan mengacu kepada dampak dari informasi dan pengaruhnya kepada keputusan ekonomi pemakai laporan dengan membantu merka mengevaluasi peristiwa masa lalu,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masa kini atau masa depan, atau mengoreksi hasil evaluasi mereka dimasa lalu sehingga informasi yang relevan dapat memberikan manfaat umpan balik dan prediktif. Terkadang seringkali terjadi kesalahan informasi yang pada akhirnya mengakibatkan hasil kaporan yang tidak akurat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 184, "width": 213, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas laporan keuangan haruslah mengandung unsur andal, yaitu data dan informasi yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan dapat diandalkan kebenarannya. Terdapat banyak kasus yang terjadi terhadap minimnya kualitas penyusunan laporan keuangan, sehingga hal tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kualitas dari laporan keuangan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Tantangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 213, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan SAP Akrual di Pemerintah Lokal Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2010 tentang SAP, dimana terdapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 405, "width": 213, "height": 190, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perubahan metode pencatatan yang semula berbasis kas menuju akrual ( cash toward accrual ) menjadi pencatatan yang berbasis akrual, memanglah tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan. Penerapan akuntansi berbasis akrual harus dirancang secara hati-hati mengingat SAP berbasis kas menuju akrual ( cash towards accrual ) baru saja diterbitkan dan belum diimplementasikan sepenuhnya, baik oleh Pemerintah Pusat maupun Pemerintah Daerah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 598, "width": 213, "height": 107, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Khususnya untuk pemerintah lokal pada hari rabu (30/03/2016), bertempat di ruang auditorium kantor BPK Perwakilan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, menerima Laporan Keuangan Tahun Anggaran (TA) 2015 unaudited Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sumatera selatan dan 15 Pemerintah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 708, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten/Kota se-Provinsi Sumatera Selatan sebagai dasar pelaksanaan pemeriksaan laporan keuangan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BPK yang akan menghasilkan opini atas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah (LKPD) Tahun Anggaran 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 115, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala Perwakilan BPK", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 212, "height": 149, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perwakilan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan menyampaikan kepada pemerintah daerah bahwa LKPD TA 2015 yang diserahkan kepada BPK terdiri dari 7 laporan berbeda dengan Tahun Anggaran 2014 hanya 4 laporan, hal tersebut menggunakan Basis Akrual ( Accrual Basis ) secara penuh sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2010 dan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 64 Tahun 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 292, "width": 212, "height": 138, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Semoga Pemerintah Daerah yang telah meraih opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP) pada Tahun Anggaran 2014 bisa mempertahankan opini tersebut, dan Pemerintah Daerah yang meraih opini Wajar Dengan Pengecualian (WDP) agar meningkat menjadi WTP” (Kepala Perwakilan BPK Perwakilan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan I Gede Kastawa).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 446, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 446, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perwakilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 212, "height": 67, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BPK Perwakilan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan menekankan kepada kepala daerah bahwa keberhasilan pemeriksaan atas Laporan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 140, "top": 502, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 502, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 212, "height": 122, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daerah Tahun Anggaran 2015 yang segera dilaksanakan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pemeriksa dan kehandalan prosedur pemeriksaan namun juga peran pemerintah daerah dalam hal transparansi (memberikan data dan informasi) dan akuntabilitas (sikap kooperatif dari seluruh unsur pengelola", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 626, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "anggaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sangat mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pemeriksaan).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 205, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Implementasi Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 709, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah pusat maupun daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 232, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagai organisasi sektor publik merupakan tujuan penting dari reformasi akuntansi dan administrasi sektor publik. Untuk dapat memastikan bahwa pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah yang telah dilakukan aparatur pemerintah, maka fungsi transparansi, akuntabilitas dan audit atas pelaporan keuangan sektor publik harus berjalan dengan baik. Seiring dengan tuntutan masyarakat agar organisasi sektor publik meningkatkan kualitas, profesionalisme transparan dan akuntabilitas publik dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya agar dapat menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 322, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Transparansi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 213, "height": 149, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mewujudkan laporan keuangan yang transparan, haruslah disusun berlandaskan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan agar terlaksana dengan baik, maka perlu beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Pertama, kondisi masyarakat yang apatis terhadap program-program pembangunan selama ini membutuhkan adanya upaya-upaya khusus untuk mendorong", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 487, "width": 213, "height": 260, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keingintahuan mereka terhadap keterbukaan laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Kedua, pemilihan media yang digunakan untuk menyebarluaskan informasi laporan keuangan dan substansi/materi informasi laporan keuangan yang disebarluaskan sangat tergantung pada segmen sasaran yang dituju. Ketiga, akuntansi keuangan daerah yang disusn berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan akan menyediakan informasi keuangan yang lengkap, cermat, dan akurat sehungga dapat menyajikan laporan keuangan yang andal, dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masa lalu dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan serta perencanaan untuk masa yang akan datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Akuntabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu indikator kualitas akuntabilitas keuangan dilihat dari Data opini auditor eksternal (BPK) atas penyajian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 184, "width": 213, "height": 80, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "laporan keuangan pemerintah, yang terdiri dari Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat (LKPP), Laporan Keuangan Kementerian/Lembaga (LKKL), dan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 212, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daerah (LKPD) yang komponennya meliputi: Neraca, Laporan Realisasi Anggaran, Laporan Arus Kas, dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 308, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan. Opini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BPK secara bertingkat terdiri dari: Tidak Wajar (TW), Tidak Memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 101, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapat (TMP), Wajar Dengan Pengecualian (WDP), dan yang terbaik adalah Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 156, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dampak dari diperolehnya opini selain WTP atas laporan keuangan pemerintah antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kurangnya dukungan dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 211, "width": 191, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "partisipasi masyarakat dalam menunjang keberhasilan program kerja pemerintah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 253, "width": 213, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Timbulnya konotasi atau persepsi publik akan adanya penyimpangan dalam pengelolaan keuangan negara/daerah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 277, "top": 336, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 349, "width": 404, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan Opini BPK atas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 363, "width": 435, "height": 297, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "di Wilayah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan LKPD 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Provinsi SumSel WDP WDP WDP WTP WTP Kota Palembang WTP WTP WTP WTP WTP Kota Pagar Alam WDP WDP WDP WTP WTP Kota Lubuk Linggau WTP WTP WTP WTP WTP Kota Prabumulih WDP WDP WTP WTP WTP Kabupaten Lahat WDP WDP WDP WTP WTP Kabupaten Muaraenim WDP WDP WTP WTP WTP Kabupaten Musi Rawas WDP WDP WDP WTP WTP Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin WDP WDP WTP WTP WTP Kabupaten OKU WDP WDP WDP WDP WTP Kabupaten OKI WTP WTP WTP WTP WTP Kabupaten OI WDP WDP WDP WTP WDP Kabupaten OKU Timur WDP WTP WTP WTP WTP Kabupaten OKU Selatan WDP WDP WDP WTP WTP Kabupaten Banyuasin WTP WTP WTP WTP WTP Kabupaten Empat Lawang WDP TMP WDP WDP WDP Kabupaten PAli - - - TMP WDP Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara - - - TMP WDP", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 74, "top": 663, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Ikhtisar Hasil Pemeriksaan BPK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 691, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala Perwakilan BPK", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 704, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perwakilan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dalam sambutannya Pada hari Selasa,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 Mei 2016, menyampaikan BPK", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 691, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam melaksanakan pemeriksaan berdasarkan Standar Pemeriksaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 718, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keuangan Negara (SPKN), suatu pemeriksaan meliputi pengujian bukti-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Goverment Governance (M. Aryo Arifin)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 212, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bukti yang mendukung jumlah-jumlah dan pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangan. Pemeriksaan juga meliputi penilaian atas penerapan prinsip akuntansi yang digunakan, penilaian atas kepatuhan terhadap ketentuan perundang-undangan, penilaian atas keandalan sistem pengendalian intern yang berdampak material terhadap laporan keuangan dan penilaian terhadap penyajian atas laporan keuangan secara kseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 239, "width": 210, "height": 121, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, BPK mengapresiasi kepada 12 (dua belas) pemerintah daerah yang telah berhasil mendapatkan opini WTP meskipun ada perubahan sistem dari cah toward akrual menjadi akrual basis, namun demikian masih terdapat 4 (empat) pemerintah daerah yang mendapatkan opini WDP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 363, "width": 210, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belum diperolehnya opini WTP dari BPK menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan keuangan Pemerintah daerah masih belum sepenuhnya dapat diyakini kewajarannya oleh BPK yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Adanya kelemahan system pengendalian intern;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 487, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Belum tertatanya barang milik negara/daerah dengan tertib;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 213, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Tidak sesuainya pelaksanaan pengadaan barang dan jasa dengan ketentuan yang berlaku;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Penyajian laporan keuangan yang belum sesuai dengan Standar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Kelemahan dalam sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyusunan laporan keuangan;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 625, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Kurang memadainya kompetensi SDM pengelola keuangan pada pemerintah daerah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 213, "height": 66, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh BPKP dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas akuntabilitas pelaporan keuangan adalah melakukan asistensi atau pendampingan penyusunan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 67, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "laporan keuangan dan menempatkan 23 orang pegawai BPKP yang dipekerjakan pada 11 instansi pemerintah daerah di Sumatera Selatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 156, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 170, "width": 213, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dalam pelaksanaannya, SAP berbasis akrual dilakukan secara bertahap, yaitu dengan menerapkan SAP Berbasis Kas Menuju Akrual hingga kemudian menjadi SAP Berbasis Akrual. Pengaruh perlakuan akrual dalam akuntansi berbasis kas menuju akrual sudah banyak diakomodasi di dalam laporan keuangan terutama neraca yang disusun sesuai dengan Peraturan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 336, "width": 191, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 24 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP). Keberadaan pos piutang, aset tetap, hutang merupakan bukti adanya proses pembukuan yang dipengaruhi oleh asas akrual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 432, "width": 213, "height": 80, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan pemda telah disarankan kepada masing-masing kepala daerah serta perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah identifikasi penyebab,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 515, "width": 191, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menempatkan personal yang kompeten, dan menyusun action plan untuk langkah perbaikan kualitas laporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 570, "width": 213, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Laporan keuangan Pemerintah daerah (LKPD) merupakan bentuk pertanggungjawaban yang disusun berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP). Laporan yang dimaksud untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna akan informasi akuntansi keuangan yang lazim, dengan demikian laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah yang komprehensif merupakan alat memfasilitasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, Vol. 13, No. 4, Januari 2017 : 61-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 780, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 73, "width": 191, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terciptanya transparansi dan akuntabilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka https://rizamarta.wordpress.com/2012/ 12/22/pokok-pokok-perbedaan- sap-basis-kas-menuju-akrual- dengan-basis-akrual/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 184, "width": 213, "height": 383, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kawedar, Warsito, Abdul Rohman, dan Sri Handayani. 2008. Akuntansi Sektor Publik: Pendekatan Penganggaran Daerah dan Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah . Buku 2. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Komite Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (KSAP). (2006). Memorandum pembahasan Penerapan basis akrual dalam akuntansi pemerintahan di Indonesia. Bahan bahasan untuk limited hearing. Jakarta. Lembaga Administrasi Negara (LAN) dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP). (2000). Akuntabilitas dan Good Governance. Modul Sosialisasi Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (AKIP). Jakarta. Mardiasmo. (2002). Elaborasi reformasi akuntansi sektor publik: telaah kritis terhadap upaya aktualisasi kebutuhan system akuntansi keuangan pemerintah daerah.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akunting dan Auditing, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 63-82. Mardiasmo. (2004). Akuntansi Sektor Publik, Andi offset, Yogyakarta. Osbourne, D. & Gaebler, T. (1992).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 213, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reinventing Government, Plume, New York. Osborne, David dan Ted Gaebler. 1992. Mewirausahakan Birokrasi. Terjemahan Abdul Rosyid. 1996. Pustaka Binaman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 722, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pressindo. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 73, "width": 213, "height": 246, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 64 Tahun 2013 tentang Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual pada Pemerintah Daerah. Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah no. 24 tahun 2005. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. _____________. Peraturan Pemerintah no. 71 tahun 2010. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara. UU No. 15 tahun 2004 tentang Peemriksaan Pengelolaan dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 322, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tanggungjawab", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 322, "width": 177, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keuangan Negara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 349, "width": 213, "height": 67, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simanjuntak, B. (2010). Penerapan Akuntansi berbasis Akrual di Sektor Pemerintahan Indonesia. Kongres XI Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 287", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 122, "width": 453, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FACTORS AFFECTING PURCHASE INTENTION OF NU GREEN TEA PRODUCT IN JABODETABEK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 210, "top": 165, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maris Agung Triandewo 1 , Sherviana 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 179, "width": 250, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Management Study Program, Trisakti School of Management E-mail: [email protected] 1 ; [email protected] 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 230, "width": 455, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify whether Brand Ambassador, E- WOM Quality, E-WOM Quantity, and Sender's Expertise have influenced on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek. The population used in this study is people who live in Jabodetabek who have never bought Nu Green Tea. The method used to conduct this research is purposive sampling method. The sample used in this study was 137 respondents. The statistical method used is multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis of the variables in this study. The results of this study showed that Brand Ambassador and Sender's Expertise have influenced on Purchase Intention. Meanwhile, E-WOM Quality and E-WOM Quantity have no effect on Purchase Intention.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 396, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Brand Ambassador, E-WOM Quality, E-WOM Quantity, Sender's Expertise, and Purchase Intention", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 437, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Submitted: 2023-03-01; Revised: 2023-03-08; Accepted: 2023-03-14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 480, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 454, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Internet is a medium that can provide information and facilitate communication between one another at this time. Internet users in Indonesia have a fairly high number. In 2018, according to the LAPORAN SURVEI INTERNET APJII (2020), there were 171.17 million internet users out of 264.16 million people in Indonesia, or as much as 64.8 percent. This increased when the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2019. Meanwhile, in the second quarter of 2019- 2020 there were 196.71 million internet users out of 266.91 million people in Indonesia or as much as 73.7 percent. This has increased due to the large number of activities carried out remotely, requiring the use of the internet, such as studying and working online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 604, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apart from working and studying, internet users in Indonesia mostly use it for online shopping. According to the LAPORAN SURVEI INTERNET APJII (2020), the reason for using the internet as the fifth choice is for online shopping as much as 10.7 percent. One of the causes of this is due to the rampant pandemic so that people are worried about going out of the house to meet their needs. In addition, people choose to use e-commerce because it can make it easier to carry out digital transactions such as Shopee, Tokopedia, or Bukalapak as an alternative.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to survey results from the Asosiasi Digital Marketing Indonesia (2021) in 2021, 269.6 million food and beverage products were sold at Shopee and Tokopedia. The highest sales were from chips and crackers, namely 2.4 million products. For the category of other food and beverage products, 1.2 million products were sold.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 288", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the past few years, the market for soft drinks in Indonesia has continued to grow. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, consumption needs for processed drinks including tea, coffee, milk and others have increased and decreased in different ways from year to year in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). In a situation where the need for the same drink is the same, consumers can choose different types of products, so that they don't only compete in one type of soft drink. However, various brands of other types of soft drinks can also be selected to meet the same drinking needs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tea is a drink made from shoot leaves which creates a healthy and fresh taste at the same time. Tea is also widely consumed by the public because it has a high oxidant content and is beneficial for health.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the average weekly consumption of tea per capita in Indonesia has experienced an increase, but the decline has dominated. The level of tea consumption was at 51.5 ml in September 2021. This value has decreased by 16.94 percent where previously in March 2020 it reached 62 ml.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 314, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nu Green Tea is a delicious and fresh drink made from quality green tea leaves. Nu Green Tea's Top Brand Index ranks first compared to other packaged light green tea beverage competitors. Even so, Nu Green Tea experienced a significant decline in 2018, which decreased to 32.4. Then, it increased again in 2019 to 49.2. Meanwhile, in 2020 and 2021 it will also experience a decline. In a sense, there is a decrease in the level of consumer purchase intention towards Nu Green Tea products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Utami et al. (2020), Purchase Intention is a scale in which a consumer plans to buy products online under certain conditions from the internet. Factors that can influence purchase intentions for Nu Green Tea packaged beverage products, is namely product reviews. The widespread use of the internet makes it easier to review a product, which is done online. Online reviews of a product can be obtained from marketplaces, product social media, or someone who is an expert in that field.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 480, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, online reviews, which can also be called Electronic Word of Mouth (E- WOM), need to pay attention to several factors, including E-WOM Quality, E-WOM Quantity, and Sender's Expertise. Senecal and Nantel (2004) define E-WOM Quality as quality online review information from consumers who experience certain products that can influence consumer perceptions. According to Cheung and Thadani (2010), E-WOM Quantity refers to the total number of comments uploaded. Guo and Zhou (2016) say that Sender's Expertise refers to the amount of knowledge a reviewer has about a product or service, as well as their ability and motivation to provide correct and honest information. Therefore, it is important for companies to maintain the quality and quantity of online reviews and the credibility of the sender of these online reviews.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The next factor that can influence consumer purchase intentions for Nu Green Tea products is the marketing strategy used by the company. Nowadays, many companies use celebrity endorsers as a marketing strategy. According to Clow and Baack (2018) Brand Ambassadors are individuals sponsored by brands they like where the brand company will provide incentives or awards for their services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In 2020, Nu Green Tea used one of the marketing strategies to make product advertisements more attractive to customers, namely by recruiting celebrities as Brand Ambassadors for these products. Usually, if a favorite idol becomes a Brand Ambassador for a certain beauty product, then customers will automatically tend to support that idol by buying the products they advertise. Also, consumers will believe in the stories or opinions conveyed by the Brand Ambassador. In this regard, Nu Green Tea hooked up a boy band", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 289", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "from South Korea under the auspices of SM Entertainment, namely Neo Culture Technology 127 or commonly abbreviated as NCT 127 as the official Brand Ambassador of its products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 148, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, there are also other factors that can affect the intention to buy Nu Green Tea products, namely changes in consumer behavior. Today, many people are aware of the importance of health in the body. Drinking packaged tea drinks too often will make body's health decline. This encourages people to remain careful in fulfilling their drinking needs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 204, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Therefore, based on the description above, this study will raise the title “FACTORS AFFECTING THE PURCHASE INTENTION OF NU GREEN TEA PRODUCTS IN JABODETABEK”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 464, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 Theoretical Framework", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Brand Ambassadors", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 505, "width": 455, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Brand Ambassadors are individuals sponsored by a brand they like where the brand company will provide incentives or awards for their services (Clow & Baack, 2018, 302). According to Kotler & Armstrong (2021, 420), a Brand Ambassador is someone who represents the company's brand to customers and makes an impact so they can provide positive feedback. According to Utami et al. (2020) , Brand Ambassador is usually a young person who is trained and has full energy who is recruited by a company to promote their product consistently which is usually applied in their daily life to get brand attention from the target audience. With the existence of brand ambassadors, it is hoped that they can become spokespersons for brands so that they quickly stick in the minds of consumers, so that consumers have an interest in the brand or intend to buy the brand. In addition, celebrities can be used as an appropriate tool to represent the target market segment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 657, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on previous research by Utami et al. (2020) obtained results which stated that Brand Ambassadors had a positive influence on Purchase Intention. Research conducted by Immaculata and Utami (2021) states that Brand Ambassadors have an effect on Purchase Intention. Also, Putri et al. (2021) states that Brand Ambassadors have a significant influence on Purchase Intention. Meanwhile, another study conducted by Rahayu and Jamiat (2021) states that Brand Ambassadors have a significant negative influence on Purchase Intention. Research from Achmad et al. (2021) states that Brand Ambassadors have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention by using Brand Image as mediation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 301, "width": 15, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1 H2 H3 H4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 290", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 386, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Due to the inconsistency of the results above, the following hypothesis is made:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 135, "width": 440, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1: There is an influence of Brand Ambassador NCT 127 on consumer Purchase Intention for Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Electronic Word of Mouth Quality", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Bhattacherjee and Sanford (2006), E-WOM Quality can be defined as the convincing power of reviews or comments embedded in informational messages. Senecal and Nantel (2004) define E-WOM Quality as quality online review information from consumers who experience certain products that can influence consumer perceptions. According to Lin et al. (2013) and Bataineh (2015) state that high-quality E-WOM can bring many benefits for consumers to obtain information and increase knowledge, especially at the pre-purchase process stage. So, before consumers make product purchases, consumers will look for high- quality information. In addition, informative and engaging product reviews and comments can have a powerful impact on the consumers who view them, influencing their purchase intentions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 455, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research conducted by Utami et al. (2020) states that E-WOM Quality has a positive influence on Purchase Intention. Research conducted by Lkhaasuren and Nam (2018) states that E-WOM Quality has a significant effect on Purchase Intention. Mariasih and Setiyaningrum (2021) state that E-WOM Quality has a direct effect on Purchase Intention. Meanwhile, Mehyar et al. (2020) states that E-WOM Quality has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. There are also the results of the same research by Mariasih and Setiyaningrum (2021) by adding Corporate Image as a mediating variable, namely Corporate Image mediates E-WOM Quality against Purchase Intention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on these inconsistencies, the following hypothesis is made:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 452, "width": 440, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2: There is an influence of E-WOM Quality on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Electronic Word of Mouth Quantity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 507, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Cheung and Thadani (2010), E-WOM Quantity refers to the total number of comments uploaded. Maeyer (2012) states that E-WOM Quantity is an important dimension because it shows the popularity of information that consumers can explore, which makes them confident and reduces uncertainty when making purchases. According to Tajuddin et al. (2020) , E-WOM Quantity is an important factor that influences consumers' assessment of recommended information and products because it represents product popularity. Product popularity can reflect the success of a product in the market. Therefore, the amount of feedback online is also an important factor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 455, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of research conducted by Mehyar et al. (2020) state that the E-WOM Quantity has a significant and positive influence on Purchase Intention. Mariasih and Setiyaningrum (2021) state that the E-WOM Quantity has no direct effect on Purchase Intention. Meanwhile, the results of research from Lkhaasuren and Nam (2018) state that E- WOM Quantity does not have a significant influence on Purchase Intention. Based on research conducted by Utami et al. (2020) state that the E-WOM Quantity has no effect on Purchase Intention. Also, there are the same research results by Mariasih and Setiyaningrum (2021) by adding Corporate Image as a mediating variable, namely Corporate Image mediates E-WOM Quantity for Purchase Intention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 742, "width": 358, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the inconsistency of these results, the following hypothesis is made:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 291", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 121, "width": 440, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H3: There is an influence of the E-WOM Quantity on consumer Purchase Intention for Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 162, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sender's Expertise", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Tajuddin et al. (2020), Sender's Expertise refers to the credibility of the sender as perceived by other customers. Guo and Zhou (2016) say that Sender's Expertise refers to the amount of knowledge a reviewer has about a product or service, as well as their ability and motivation to provide correct and honest information. According to Dou et al. (2012), Sender's Expertise is an important predictor in the early stages of the consumer buying process, and contributes to the perceived credibility of the message.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research conducted by Lkhaasuren and Nam (2018) states that Sender's Expertise has a significant influence on Purchase Intention. The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Mariasih and Setiyaningrum (2021), where Sender's Expertise has a direct effect on Purchase Intention. Meanwhile, research conducted by Utami et al. (2020) and Mehyar et al. (2020) states that Sender's Expertise has no effect on Purchase Intention. There is also research which results that Corporate Image mediates Sender's Expertise on Purchase Intention carried out by Mariasih and Setiyaningrum (2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 441, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the inconsistency of the research results above, the following hypothesis is made:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 369, "width": 440, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H4: There is an influence of Sender's Expertise on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 411, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purchase Intentions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 424, "width": 454, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purchase Intention is a scale in which a consumer plans to buy products online under certain conditions from the internet (Utami et al. 2020). Purchase intention or intention to make a purchase is an intention that arises from the process of learning and problem solving in potential consumers in making decisions to choose or use a brand or product (Imbayani and Gama 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 493, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Setiawan and Briliana (2021), Purchase Intention is an action that arises after having a positive attitude towards a particular brand so that it is possible, planning, and willing to buy that brand's product or service again in the future. From the consumer's point of view, it refers to the plan to own a product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 563, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 576, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The sampling technique used in this study was non-probability sampling, namely the purposive sampling method. According to Sugiyono (2019, 133), purposive sampling is a sampling technique with certain considerations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study uses primary data. According to Sugiyono (2019, 194), primary data is data sources that directly provide data to data collectors. This primary data was collected by the author themselves through a questionnaire made with Google Form and shared online and offline. Respondents in this study were individuals who live in Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) and have never bought Nu Green Tea. Data was successfully collected from 226 respondents and as many as 89 respondents did not meet the criteria, so that the sample that could be used was 137. All variables in this study were tested using a Likert scale. The question indicators for each variable are sourced from the article of journal of Utami et al. (2020) with the title “Celebrity Brand Ambassador and e-WOM as Determinants of Purchase Intention: A Survey of Indonesian Celebrity Cake”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 292", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 135, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 148, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research uses normality test, validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, and multiple regression analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 displays the characteristics of the sample from this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 190, "width": 366, "height": 353, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 Respondent Descriptive Statistics Characteristic Category Frequency Gender Female 114 Male 23 Domicile Jakarta 36 Bogor 22 Depok 28 Tangerang 27 Bekasi 24 Age 18 – 22 98 23 – 27 26 28 – 32 8 33 – 37 0 38 – 42 2 >42 3 Latest Education High School 79 Diploma/Bachelor 55 Postgraduate 3 Occupation Student 84 Private Employee 33 Civil Servant 1 Others 19 Income/month 0 – Rp 2.500.000,00 85 >Rp 2.500.000,00 – Rp 5.000.000,00 31 >Rp 5.000.000,00 – Rp 7.500.000,00 9 >Rp 7.500.000,00 – Rp 10.000.000,00 7 >Rp 10.000.000,00 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 546, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Questionnaire processed with SPSS 25)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 574, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respondents mostly are female, domiciled in Jakarta with age are from 18 to 22 years old who are undergraduate students. Since mostly students, the salary is ranged from Rp 0 to Rp 2.500.000,-.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 615, "width": 342, "height": 145, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2 Validity Test Result Variable X1 ( Brand Ambassador) Variable r value r table Validity Brand Ambassador 1 0,620 0,1729 Valid Brand Ambassador 2 0,672 0,1729 Valid Brand Ambassador 3 0,753 0,1729 Valid Brand Ambassador 4 0,548 0,1729 Valid Brand Ambassador 5 0,667 0,1729 Valid Brand Ambassador 6 0,639 0,1729 Valid Variable X2 (E-WOM Quality) Variable r value r table Validity", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 293", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 121, "width": 342, "height": 316, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-WOM Quality 1 0,715 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quality 2 0,654 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quality 3 0,680 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quality 4 0,749 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quality 5 0,808 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quality 6 0,712 0,1729 Valid Variable X3 (E-WOM Quantity) Variable r value r table Validity E-WOM Quantity 1 0,580 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quantity 2 0,680 0,1729 Valid E-WOM Quantity 3 0,679 0,1729 Valid Variable X4 (Sender’s Expertise) Variable r value r table Validity Sender’s Expertise 1 0,637 0,1729 Valid Sender’s Expertise 2 0,778 0,1729 Valid Sender’s Expertise 3 0,720 0,1729 Valid Sender’s Expertise 4 0,628 0,1729 Valid Sender’s Expertise 5 0,473 0,1729 Valid Variable Y (Purchase Intention) Variable r value r table Validity Purchase Intention 1 0,782 0,1729 Valid Purchase Intention 2 0,818 0,1729 Valid Purchase Intention 3 0,824 0,1729 Valid Purchase Intention 4 0,790 0,1729 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 440, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Questionnaire processed with SPSS 25)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 454, "width": 416, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2 shows all indicators are valid indicated by all r-values are greater than r-table.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 476, "width": 310, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3 Reliability Test Result Variable Alpha Keterangan Brand Ambassador (X1) 0,855 Reliable E-WOM Quality (X2) 0,896 Reliable E-WOM Quantity (X3) 0,800 Reliable Sender’s Expertise (X4) 0,841 Reliable Purchase Intention (Y) 0,910 Reliable", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 569, "width": 273, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Questionnaire processed with SPSS 25)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Cronbach Alpha value of all variables including the independent and dependent variables is above 0.70. Therefore, it can be said that each question of all variables in this study is reliable. Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) on the normality test results of the One-Sample Kolmogrov-Smirnov Test is 0.001, where the value is smaller than 0.05. However, the Exact Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.103, the value is greater than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the data is normally distributed after removing the outliers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The multicollinearity test results stated that all independent variables were above 0.1 and the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) was below 10. The Tolerance and VIF values for Brand Ambassadors were 0.573 and 1.746. Tolerance and VIF on E-WOM Quality 0.393 and 2.542. For E-WOM Quantity, it has Tolerance and VIF values of 0.548 and 1.826. Also, Sender's Expertise's Tolerance and VIF are 0.508 and 1.969. Therefore, it can be concluded that there", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 294", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is no multicollinearity, meaning that there is no relationship between the independent variables.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 148, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heteroscedasticity testing has different results for each variable. By using a 5% confidence level, the Brand Ambassador and Sender's Expertise variables have a Sig value. 0.009 and 0.000, where the value is below 0.05. This means that Brand Ambassador and Sender's Expertise have heteroscedasticity problems. Meanwhile, the value of Sig. E-WOM Quality and E-WOM Quantity are above 0.05, namely 0.553 and 0.070. This means that there is no heteroscedasticity problem in E-WOM Quality and E-WOM Quantity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the autocorrelation test stated that the Durbin-Watson value was 2.353. Meanwhile, the dL values obtained from the Durbin-Watson table with  = 5% are 1.6492 and dU are 1.7769. Therefore, the Durbin-Watson values range from 4 – dL (2.3508) < 2.353 < 4. This means that there is no negative autocorrelation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 296, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4 Model Summary", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 310, "width": 417, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 0,619 a 0,383 0,363 2,68517 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_SE, Total_BA, Total_EWOM_QN, Total_EWOM_Q", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 350, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Questionnaire processed with SPSS 25)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 377, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The regression equation obtained according to the value of B in the Unstandardized Coefficient table (Table 6):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + b4X4 + e Y = 1.723 + 0.200X1 + 0.158X2 – 0.201X3 + 0.393X4 + e In table 4, the value of R = 0.619, which is between 0.60 – 0.799, means that statistically the relationship between the dependent variable (Purchase Intention) and the independent variables (Brand Ambassador, E-WOM Quality, E-WOM Quantity, and Sender's Expertise) are strong and positive.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 488, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on table 4, Adjusted R Square is 0.363. That is, statistically the magnitude of the variation in the dependent variable (Purchase Intention) can be explained by the independent variables (Brand Ambassador, E-WOM Quality, E-WOM Quantity, and Sender's Expertise) amounting to 36.3 percent. Meanwhile, the remaining 63.7 percent is explained by other variables not included in the regression model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 562, "width": 405, "height": 81, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5 ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 555,633 4 138,908 19,266 0,000 b Residual 894,057 124 7,210 Total 1449,690 128 a. Dependent Variable: Total_PI", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 646, "width": 417, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), Total_SE, Total_BA, Total_EWOM_QN, Total_EWOM_Q", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 181, "top": 659, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Questionnaire processed with SPSS 25)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on table 5, the significance value of the F-test is 0.000. This value is smaller than  = 0.05, so it can be said that the model in this study is feasible or fit to use.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 707, "width": 396, "height": 62, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6 Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Beta t Sig. B Std. Error 1 (Constant) 1,723 2,080 0,828 0,409 Total_BA 0,200 0,094 0,198 2,124 0,036", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 295", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 121, "width": 405, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total_EWOM_Q 0,158 0,098 0,181 1,612 0,109 Total_EWOM_QN -0,201 0,188 -0,102 -1,066 0,288 Total_SE 0,393 0,096 0,403 4,071 0,000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_PI", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 171, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Questionnaire processed with SPSS 25)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on table 6, it is known that the t-value for Brand Ambassador is 2.124. Meanwhile, the value of t-table with df = 124 and alpha 0.05 is 1.97928. The calculated t- value of the Brand Ambassador is greater than the t-table, meaning that Brand Ambassadors influence consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The t-value of E-WOM Quality is 1.612. It means the t-value of E-WOM Quality is smaller than the t-table, meaning that E-WOM Quality has no influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 295, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The t-value of the E-WOM Quantity is -1.066. Meanwhile, the value of t-table is 1.97928. The calculated t-value of the E-WOM Quantity is smaller than the t-table, meaning that the E-WOM Quantity has no influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The t-value of Sender's Expertise is 4.071. The value of t-table is 1.97928. The t-value of Sender's Expertise is higher than the t-table, meaning that Sender's Expertise influences consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 406, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2. Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 420, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Brand Ambassador has influence on consumer Purchase Intention for Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 447, "width": 455, "height": 177, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on table 6, it is known that the Brand Ambassador significance of value is 0.036. The Brand Ambassador significance of value is less than 0.05, which means that the hypothesis testing is significant. From the table, it is known that the t-value for Brand Ambassador is 2.124. Meanwhile, the value of t-table with df = 124 and alpha 0.05 is 1.97928. The calculated t-value of the Brand Ambassador is greater than the t-table, meaning that H1 is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that Brand Ambassadors influence consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek. Brand ambassadors have important role in affecting customer’s intention to purchase Nu Green. Customers, particularly young generation, know well brand ambassadors. For them, brand ambassadors are the idol, then their interest in the product is influenced by their idol. They just follow what brand ambassadors say and do. The results of this study are in line with previous research by Utami et al. (2020), in which it states that Brand Ambassador has influence on Purchase Intention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-WOM Quality has influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 654, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the significance of value of E-WOM Quality in table 6 is 0.109. The significance of value of E-WOM Quality is greater than 0.05, which means that the hypothesis testing is not significant. From the table, it is known that the t-value of E-WOM Quality is 1.612. Meanwhile, the value of t-table with df = 124 and alpha 0.05 is 1.97928. The t-value of E-WOM Quality is smaller than the t-table, meaning that H2 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that E-WOM Quality has no influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek. The customers do not think that E- WOM quality is important for them to consider of intention to purchase Nu Green. This", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 296", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "research is not in line with the research conducted by Utami et al. (2020), in which it states that E-WOM Quality has influence on Purchase Intention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-WOM Quantity has influence on consumer Purchase Intention for Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In table 6, it is known that the significance of value of the E-WOM Quantity is 0.288. The significance of value of the E-WOM Quantity is greater than 0.05, which means that the hypothesis testing is not significant. From the table, it is known that the t-value for the E- WOM Quantity is -1.066. Meanwhile, the value of t-table with df = 124 and alpha 0.05 is 1.97928. The calculated t- value of the E-WOM Quantity is smaller than the t-table, meaning that H3 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that the E-WOM Quantity has no influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek. The same as E-WOM Quality, E-WOM Quantity does not become a concern of young customers of Nu Green to buy. The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Utami et al. (2020), in which it states that E-WOM Quantity has no influence on Purchase Intention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 314, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sender's Expertise has influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 454, "height": 121, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on table 6, it is known that the significance of value of Sender's Expertise is 0.000. The significance value of Sender's Expertise is less than 0.05, which means that the hypothesis testing is significant. From the table, it is known that the t-value of Sender's Expertise is 4.071. Meanwhile, the value of t-table with df = 124 and alpha 0.05 is 1.97928. The t-value of Sender's Expertise is higher than the t-table, meaning that H4 is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that Sender's Expertise influences consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek. The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Utami et al. (2020), in which it states that Sender’s Expertise has influence on Purchase Intention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 480, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 493, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study has the conclusion that Brand Ambassador and Sender's Expertise have an influence on consumer Purchase Intention on Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek. Meanwhile, other independent variables, namely E-WOM Quality and E-WOM Quantity, have no effect on consumer Purchase Intention for Nu Green Tea products in Jabodetabek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 549, "width": 145, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1. Theoretical Implication", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 454, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From those four hypotheses, two of which have impact while two others do not have. Previous studies show various results. This study also reveals various result that can be used for enriching existing theory. In many other cases, E-WOM has important role in affecting customer to buy. However, this study reveals otherwise. This can be a discussion among expert so that there is contribution to science particularly in marketing and social science.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 646, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2. Managerial Implication", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 659, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Looking at the research results, Brand Ambassadors have important role in marketing. The company is expected to maintain a marketing strategy by using Brand Ambassadors and expanding the network for consumers to leave product reviews by adding channels for consumers. That way, companies can receive even more feedback from consumers. Feedback is important for company to evaluate and improve some necessary parts of services or products. Also, it is also urgent for companies to continue to innovate in creating new products that can meet consumer needs. Appropriate decision of choosing Brand Ambassador", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 239, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-7, Issue-1, 2023 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 802, "width": 453, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Economic Research, Business and Accounting (IJEBAR) Page 297", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "for Nu Green is a key strategy so that it can attract more customers to increase their intention to purchase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 162, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.3. Limitation and Future Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is also not without limitations. Among them is that the research scope is quite narrow because it only applies to individuals who are domiciled in Jabodetabek. Second, the model in this study is still simple, there are only independent and dependent variables amounting to only four variables.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In responding these limitations, the authors suggest several recommendations. It is recommended that further research able to add several other types of variables, namely mediating or moderating variables such as Brand Image or Brand Awareness. Future research can expand the population coverage so that it can use even more samples in order to gain more generalization. Further research is recommended to use product objects in other fields, not just food and beverage sector.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Achmad, N., Nestri SZ, M., Kussudyarsana, & Sholahudin, M. (2021). The Influence of Brand Ambassador & Eletronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM on Consumer Buying Interest in Lazada Marketplace With Brand Image as a Mediator. The 14th University Research Colloqium 2021 , 7–15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asosiasi Digital Marketing Indonesia . 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[ { "left": 149, "top": 59, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 72, "width": 176, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Pendidikan Islam dan Keguruan Universitas Garut ISSN: 1907-932X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 777, "width": 7, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 120, "top": 134, "width": 359, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Metode Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Representasi Matematis dan Percaya Diri Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 178, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurdin Muhamad", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 191, "width": 268, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Pendidikan Islam dan Keguruan, Universitas Garut [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 242, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 269, "width": 371, "height": 301, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method dengan strategi embedded conkuren karena strategi ini menerapkan tahapan pengumpulan data dari data kuantitatif diikuti dengan data kualitatif dalam satu waktu. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa SMPIT Wasilah Intelegensia Garut dengan menggunakan metode discovery learning. Masalah yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini adalah rendahnya nilai rata-rara siswa, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pembelajaran yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bukti empiris yang tertuang dalam rumusan masalah diantaranya: 1) apakah metode discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa 2) apakah kemampuan serta peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional 3) bagaimana korelasi antara kemampuan representasi matematis dengan percaya diri. Subjek untuk penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan representasi matematis, skala sikap berdasarkan skala Likert, skala aktivitas siswa dan pedoman wawancara. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: 1) metode discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa 2) kemampuan serta peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional 3) terdapat korelasi antara kemampuan representasi matematis dengan percaya diri dengan kategori tinggi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 358, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Metode Discovery Learning; Kemampuan Representasi Matematis; Percaya Diri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi dalam kehidupan, maju atau mundurnya suatu bangsa dipengaruhi oleh mutu pendidikan dari bangsa itu sendiri karena pendidikan yang tinggi dapat mencetak Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas. Kemendikbud (2013:1) memandang bahwa kurikulum 2013 ini dapat mencetak SDM berkualitas dengan salah satu alasannya adalah bahwa saat ini jumlah penduduk Indonesia usia produktif (15- 64 tahun) lebih banyak dari usia tidak produktif (anak-anak berusia 0-14 tahun dan orang tua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berusia 65 tahun ke atas). Jumlah penduduk usia produktif ini akan mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2020-2035 pada saat angkanya mencapai 70%. Oleh sebab itu tantangan besar yang dihadapi adalah bagaimana mengupayakan agar sumberdaya manusia usia produktif yang melimpah ini dapat ditransformasikan menjadi sumberdaya manusia yang memiliki kompetensi dan keterampilan melalui pendidikan agar tidak menjadi beban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan yang dimaksud disini bukan bersifat nonformal melainkan bersifat formal, meliputi proses belajar mengajar yang melibatkan guru dan siswa. Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan siswa dapat dilihat dari instrumen prestasi belajarnya, Sedangkan keberhasilan atau prestasi belajar siswa dipengaruhi oleh proses belajar dari siswa itu sendiri. Jika dalam proses belajar bagus maka hasilnya akan maksimal tetapi sebaliknya jika dalam proses belajar siswa cenderung kurang bagus maka hasilnya tidak akan maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada saat proses belajar–mengajar berlangsung di kelas, akan terjadi hubungan timbal balik antara guru dan siswa yang beraneka ragam sehingga dapat mengakibatkan terbatasnya waktu guru untuk mengontrol bagaimana pengaruh tingkah lakunya terhadap sikap percaya diri dikelas. Menurut Kelitman and Stankov (2005) dalam jurnalnya “bahwa pelajar yang memiliki rasa percaya diri yang tinggi akan lebih cepat untuk menyelesaikan studinya dibandingkan dengan pelajar yang memiliki rasa percaya diri lebih rendah”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran merupakan aktifitas yang paling utama dalam proses pendidikan disekolah. Pembelajaran matematika merupakan suatu proses belajar mengajar yang terdiri dari kombinasi dua aspek, yaitu belajar yang dilakukan oleh siswa dan mengajar yang dilakukan oleh guru. Belajar tertuju kepada apa yang harus dilakukan oleh seseorang sebagai subjek yang menerima pelajaran, sedangkan mengajar berorientasi pada apa yang harus dilakukan oleh guru sebagai pemberi pelajaran. Kedua aspek ini akan berkolaborasi secara terpadu menjadi suatu kegiatan pada saat terjadi interaksi antara guru dengan siswa, serta siswa dengan siswa disaat pembelajaran matematika sedang berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran matematika bukan hanya sekedar transfer ilmu dari guru kepada siswa, melainkan suatu proses yang dikondisikan atau diupayakan oleh guru sehingga siswa aktif dengan berbagai cara untuk mengkonstruksi atau membangun sendiri pengetahuannya. Aktif disini adalah suatu proses belajar yang didalamnya terjadi interaksi dan negosiasi antara guru dengan siswa serta antara siswa dengan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dunia pendidikan di Indonesia sekarang sedang dihadapkan dengan perubahan struktur kurikulum yakni dari kurikulum KTSP menjadi kurikulum 2013, Tujuannya tidak lain adalah supaya generasi muda Indonesia bisa menjadi generasi yang lebih baik lagi dimasa yang akan datang. Dikarenakan sekarang sudah akan diterapkannya kurikulum baru yakni kurikulum 2013 maka alangkah baiknya kita memahami apa isi yang terkandung dalam kurikulum 2013 tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu isi yang terkandung dalam dalam kurikulum tersebut adalah guru dituntut untuk merubah mindset karena dalam point proses menurut Kemendikbud (2013:16) bahwa untuk merubah mindset haruslah berorientasi pada karakteristik kompetensi (sikap, keterampilan, pengetahuan), Menggunakan Pendekatan Ilmiah ( scientific ), Karakteristik kompetensi setiap jenjang dan Mengutamakan strategi pembelajaran Discovery Learning , strategi pembelajaran Project Based Learning dan strategi pembelajaran Problem Based Learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 711, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Senada dengan National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM, 2000) merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran matematika yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 59, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 103, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 299, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Belajar untuk berkomunikasi ( mathematical communication )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Belajar untuk bernalar ( mathematical reasoning )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 295, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Belajar untuk memecahkan masalah ( mathematical solving ) 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 140, "width": 254, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Belajar untuk mengaitkan ide ( mathematical connection )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 328, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Belajar untuk mempresentasikan ide ( mathematical representation )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tujuan pembelajaran matematika dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika dapat membantu siswa memahami konsep, menyelesaikan masalah sistematis, mengaitkan matematika dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan dapat mengungkapkan ide-ide matematisnya dengan baik secara lisan maupun tertulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu kemampuan matematis yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa setelah melakukan pembelajaran matematika yaitu kemampuan representasi matematis. Kemampuan representasi matematis dapat membantu siswa dalam membangun konsep dan menyatakan ide-ide matematis, serta memudahkan siswa dalam mengembangkan kemampuan yang dimilikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagaimana diungkapkan Wahyudin (Prihatin, 2013: 3)bahwa representasi bisa membantu para siswa untuk mengatur pemikirannya. Pembelajaran yang menekankan representasi matematis adalah pembelajaran yang menuntut aktifitas mental siswa secara optimal dalam memahami suatu konsep. Dalam pembelajaran matematika, kemampuan representasi matematis merupakan salah satu standar yang harus dicapai oleh siswa, tetapi pada pelaksanaanya bukan merupakan hal yang mudah untuk merealisasikannya kepada siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurang berkembangnya kemampuan representasi siswa tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya pengaruh guru yang selalu mengandalakan pembelajaran konvensional, siswa yang cenderung malas dalam mengidentifikasi suatu masalah, dll. Lebih jauh Prihatin (Risnawati, 2012:3) dalam penelitiannya menyatakan bahwa kemampuan representasi matematis siswa SMP masih belum tertangani dengan baik dikarenakan keterbatasan pengetahuan guru dan kebiasaan siswa dalam belajar dengan cara konvensional belum memungkinkan bisa menumbuhkan kemampuan representasi secara optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berbicara tentang kurikulum 2013, bahwa kurikulum ini ada sebagai penyempurnaan terhadap kurikulum sebelumnya. Hal itu berarti akan ada pengimplementasian strategi pembelajaran yang bagus terhadap pembelajaran, oleh karena itu Kemendikbud sudah mengatur bahwa pembelajaran yang diangap cocok adalah yang mempunyai konsep pendekatan scientific . Sehingga model pembelajaran yang akan digunakan adalah Discovery Learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 570, "width": 429, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketertarikan tersebut bukan tanpa alasan, karena pembelajaran tersebut dapat membuat siswa mengkonstruksi pengetahuannya sendiri menemukan pengetahuannya sendiri sehingga pembelajarannya akan lebih bermakna kepada siswa dan pada akhirnya siswa akan mendapat sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi dirinya setelah selesai pembelajaran. Sejalan dengan Kemendikbud (2013:199) bahwa keuntungan menggunakan metode Discovery Learning ini adalah akan menjadikan siswa aktif dalam mengeluarkan gagasan dan bisa membantu siswa untuk memperkuat konsep belajarnya sehingga secara tidak langsung dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dari siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 128, "width": 156, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Metode Discovery Learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discovery Learning adalah proses belajar yang di dalamnya tidak disajikan suatu konsep dalam bentuk jadi ( final ), tetapi siswa dituntut untuk mengorganisasi sendiri cara belajarnya dalam menemukan konsep. Sebagaimana pendapat Bruner (kemendikbud, 2013:242) bahwa: “ Discovery Learning can be defined as the learning that takes place when the student is not presented with subject matter in the final form, but rather is required to organize it him self ”. Dasar ide Bruner ialah pendapat dari Piaget yang menyatakan bahwa anak harus berperan aktif dalam belajar di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai strategi belajar, Discovery Learning mempunyai prinsip yang sama dengan inquiry . Tidak ada perbedaan yang prinsipil pada kedua istilah ini, pada Discovery Learning lebih menekankan pada ditemukannya konsep atau prinsip yang sebelumnya tidak diketahui. Perbedaannya dengan Discovery ialah bahwa pada Discovery masalah yang dihadapkan kepada siswa semacam masalah yang direkayasa oleh guru, sedangkan pada inkuiri masalahnya bukan hasil rekayasa, sehingga siswa harus mengerahkan seluruh pikiran dan keterampilannya untuk mendapatkan temuan-temuan di dalam masalah itu melalui proses penelitian. Menurut Salmon (2012:4) dalam pengaplikasiannya model Discovery Learning mengembangkan cara belajar siswa aktif dengan menemukan sendiri, menyelidiki sendiri, maka hasil yang diperoleh akan tahan lama dalam ingatan, Serta posisi guru di kelas sebagai pembimbing dan mengarahkan kegiatan pembelajaran sesuai dengan tujuan. Kondisi seperti ini tujuannya adalah ingin merubah kegiatan belajar mengajar yang teacher oriented menjadi student oriented .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelebihan metode discovery learning (Kemendikbud, 2013) adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Membantu siswa untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan keterampilan ‐ keterampilan dan proses ‐ proses kognitif. Usaha penemuan merupakan kunci dalam proses ini, seseorang tergantung bagaimana cara belajarnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 472, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode ini memungkinkan siswa berkembang dengan cepat dan sesuai dengan kecepatannya sendiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 350, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Meningkatkan tingkat penghargaan pada siswa, karena unsur berdiskusi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 422, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Menimbulkan rasa senang pada siswa, karena tumbuhnya rasa menyelidiki dan berhasil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Membantu siswa menghilangkan skeptisme (keragu ‐ raguan) karena mengarah pada kebenaran yang final dan tertentu atau pasti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 374, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sementara itu kekurangannya menurut Kemendikbud (2013) adalah sebagai berikut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 574, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Metode ini menimbulkan asumsi bahwa ada kesiapan pikiran untuk belajar. Bagi siswa yang kurang pandai, akan mengalami kesulitan abstrak atau berfikir atau mengungkapkan hubungan antara konsep ‐ konsep, yang tertulis atau lisan, sehingga pada gilirannya akan menimbulkan frustasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode ini tidak efisien untuk mengajar jumlah siswa yang banyak, karena membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk membantu mereka menemukan teori atau pemecahan masalah lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Harapan-harapan yang terkandung dalam metode ini dapat buyar berhadapan dengan siswa dan guru yang telah terbiasa dengan cara-cara belajar yang lama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Pengajaran discovery lebih cocok untuk mengembangkan pemahaman, sedangkan mengembangkan aspek konsep, keterampilan dan emosi secara keseluruhan kurang mendapat perhatian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 59, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 103, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Tidak menyediakan kesempatan-kesempatan untuk berpikir yang akan ditemukan oleh siswa karena telah dipilih terlebih dahulu oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 144, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Representasi Matematis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut NCTM (2000) bahwa “salah satu kompetensi yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa adalah kemampuan representasi, sehingga representasi matematis merupakan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dicapai oleh siswa.” Berkaitan dengan representasi, dalam suatu program pembelajaran terdapat tiga tujuan utama yang diharapkan oleh siswa, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 228, "width": 425, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Membuat dan menggunakan representasi untuk menyusun mencatat dan menjelaskan ide- ide matematika", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Memilih, menerapkan dan melakukan translasi antar representasi matematika untuk memecahkan masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menggunakan representasi sebagai model dan menginterpretasi penomena fisik, sosial dan matematika", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terdapat beberapa definisi representasi matematis yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli berkenaan dengan kemampuan representasi matematis, diantaranya adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Representasi merupakan proses pengembangan mental yang sudah dimiliki seseorang, yang terungkap dan divisualisasikan dalam berbagai model matematika, yakni: verbal, gambar, benda konkrit, tabel, model-model manipulatif atau kombinasi dari semuanya (Steffe , Weigel, Schults, Waters, Joijner & Reijs dalam Risnawati, 2012:22).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Representasi matematis adalah pemahaman bahwa simbol-simbol yang kita temukan dalam matematika selalu mewakili gagasan-gagasan (Wahyudin, 2013:48).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Representasi adalah model atau bentuk pengganti dari suatu situasi masalahatau aspek dari suatu situasi masalah yang digunakan untuk menemukan solusi, sebagai contoh, suatu masalah dapat direpresentasikan dengan obyek, gambar, kata-kata, atau simbol matematika (Dewanto dalam Aisyah, 2012:17).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari beberapa definisi tersebut dapat dijelaskan bahwa representasi adalah ungkapan dari ide-ide matematis yang ditampilkan siswa sebagai model atau bentuk pengganti dari suatu masalah untuk menemukan solusi dari masalah yang sedang dihadapinya dan dapat direpresentasikan melalui gambar, kata-kata (verbal), tabel, benda kongkrit atau simbol matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemudian menurut Kenney (Aisyah, 2012: 23), “representasi yang digunakan dalam bentuk kata- kata, grafik, tabel, dan pernyataan adalah suatu pendekatan yang memberikan sebuah pemikiran dalam penerjemahan secara bebas oleh siswa untuk mempelajari konsep-konsep matematika.” Secara teoritis representasi adalah sebuah akibat dari hal-hal praktis yang komprehensif, teoritis, sistematis, sistem simbol yang dapat mendukung dalam pemecahan masalah maupun dalam menemukan konsep tentang materi yang sedang dipelajari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan representasi yang tepat dan memadai akan mempunyai sumbangan yang sangat besar bagi terbentuknya pemahaman ( understanding or meaning ) konsep. Tepat dalam arti cocok untuk mewakili konsepnya, dan memadai dalam arti cukup kuantitasnya untuk memungkinkan siswa menemukan keterkaitan, baik antar representasi maupun dalam satu jenis representasi. Menggunakan representasi, dapat menggambarkan eksplorasi siswa dalam model geometri pada konteks dunia nyata. Siswa lebih baik dapat menemukan sendiri sebuah konsep ketika mereka belajar matematika, sehingga dalam pembentukan pemahaman terhadap konsep tersebut dengan kegiatan metakognitif sehingga dapat memperbaiki cara berpikir mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 90, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Percaya Diri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 428, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sikap menurut Ruseffendi (Amelia, 2012:28) adalah “sesuatu yang berkenaan dengan hal yang dipercayai, hayati, dan rasakan oleh seseorang.” Djamarah (Amelia, 2012:28) memaknai sikap atau minat sebagai “suatu rasa lebih suka dan rasa keterikatan pada suatu hal atau aktivitas, tanpa ada yang menyuruh”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 217, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percaya diri adalah modal dasar untuk sukses disegala bidang, sehingga menurut Saputra (2010) percaya diri adalah “salah satu kunci kesuksesan siswa dalam belajar. Karena tanpa adanya rasa percaya diri siswa tidak akan sukses dalam berinteraksi dengan temannya.” Di samping itu, tanpa adanya rasa percaya diri siswa akan ragu-ragu dalam menyelesaikan suatu soal, pada akhirnya siswa tersebut tidak akan maksimal dalam menyelesaikan soal di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 293, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rendahnya rasa percaya diri pada siswa SMP adalah masalah yang sering diabaikan oleh para guru, tetapi jika keadaan tersebut terus diabaikan, hal ini akan dapat berdampak negatif bagi siswa yaitu hasil belajar yang kurang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dikarenakan siswa menjadi pusat pembelajaran maka dalam metode Discovery Learning siswa diarahkan untuk bisa menemukan rumus sendiri yang nantinya akan di gunakan dalam materi garis dan sudut serta segitiga dengan arahan guru sehingga tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap materi bangun datar akan meningkat. Jika tingkat pemahaman siswa meningkat maka tingkat percaya diri akan ikut meningkat juga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 459, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian adalah suatu cara untuk mencari kebenaran melalui metode ilmiah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan secara sistematis dengan metode-metode tertentu melalui pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atas jawaban dari suatu permasalahan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam suatu penelitian beraneka ragam tergantung dari tujuan penelitian yang akan dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 429, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan rumusan masalah, jenis penelitian menggunakan Mixed Method untuk mengumpulkan data baik data kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Penelitian ini akan menelaah apakah pengaruh metode discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada dua jenis data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data kuantitatif dan kulitatif. Data kuantitatif adalah data hasil tes kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa, sedangkan data kualitatif adalah data aktifitas siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 59, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 103, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1.1 Pengolahan Data Tes Tiap Siklus", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 431, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan peneliti serta pengaruh metode discovery learning terhadap peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa maka dilakukan analisis dalam pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan pada setiap siklus. Data yang dianalisis diperoleh dari pretest, tes siklus yang dilaksanakan pada akhir pembelajaran dan postest. Data yang diperoleh dari setiap pretest, tes siklus untuk setiap siklus, dan postest dapat dilihat pada lampiran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 255, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data dianalisis secara deskriptif, sehingga dapat diketahui nilai maksimum, nilai minimum, rata-rata, dan standar deviasi kemampuan representasi matematis menggunakan metode discovery learning disajikan pada tabel 1 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 428, "height": 154, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Deskripsi Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Pretest, Setiap Siklus dan Postest Menggunakan Metode Discovery Learning Tes Nilai Ideal Nilai Maksimum Nilai Minimum Rata-rata Standar Deviasi Pretest 75 60 13 30,67 13,61 Siklus I 75 95 50 67,50 13,23 Siklus II 75 98 69 79,50 9,26 Siklus III 75 100 73 86,33 8,70 Postest 75 95 55 82,27 12,26", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel 1 dapat dilihat bahwa deskripsi nilai kemampuan representasi matematis kelas eksperimen setiap siklusnya berbeda. Bahkan secara diagram batang, data dari nilai rata-rata kemampuan representasi matematis dapat dilihat pada gambar 1 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 690, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 133, "top": 702, "width": 368, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grafik Rata-rata Nilai Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Menggunakan Metode", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 715, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discovery Learning", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 571, "width": 284, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "30.67 67.50 79.50 86.33 82.27 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 Pretes siklus I siklus II siklus III postes", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dilihat dari Gambar 1 nilai rata-rata pretest kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning berada pada nilai rata-rata 30,76, nilai rata-rata siklus I meningkat menjadi 67,50, pada siklus II nilai rata-rata mengalami kenaikan dengan nilai 79,50, pada siklus III mengalami peningkatan pula dengan nilai 86,33 sedangkan pada postes mengalami penurunan 4,06 menjadi 82,27.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penurunan nilai rata-rata yang terjadi pada postes bukan diakibatkan kemampuan representasi dan percaya diri siswa menurun, tetapi lebih diakibatkan soal yang diberikan berbeda karena mencangkup soal dari ketiga siklus serta melibatkan perhitungan dan ketepatan konsep sehingga soal pretes maupun postes cukup sulit dan komplek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 255, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian terlihat bahwa metode discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa, ini terlihat dari nilai rata-rata ulangan materi garis dan sudut, segitiga pada permasalahan dipenelitian lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan hasil postes yaitu dari nilai 66 menjadi 82.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 332, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1.2 Kemampuan Representasi matematis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil perhitungan uji perbedaan dua rata-rata (uji-t) postes kemampuan representasi matematis kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning dan kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional ditampilkan dalam tabel 2 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 420, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 Hasil Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Skor Postes Kemampuan Representasi Matematis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 450, "width": 416, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t df Sig. (2-tailed) Lower Upper Pair 1 NilaiPretes - NilaiPostes -46.310 10.451 1.941 -50.286 -42.335 -23.863 28 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 429, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel 2 terlihat bahwa nilai Sig (2-tailed) yaitu 0,000 ≤ 0,05, sehingga H 0 ditolak artinya bahwa kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari pada kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional atau dapat dikatakan kemampuan representasi matematis yang menggunakan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari pada yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1.3 Percaya Diri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil perhitungan uji perbedaan dua rata-rata (uji-t) postes percaya diri kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning dan kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional ditampilkan dalam tabel 3 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 59, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 103, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 Hasil Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Skor Postes Percaya Diri Siswa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 157, "width": 416, "height": 127, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t df Sig. (2-tailed) Lower Upper Pair 1 PercayaDiri Pretes- PercayaDiri Postes -20.276 7.521 1.397 -23.137 -17.415 -14.518 28 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel 3 terlihat bahwa nilai Sig (2-tailed) yaitu 0,000 ≤ 0,05, sehingga H 0 ditolak itu artinya dapat dikatakan percaya diri yang menggunakan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari pada yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 400, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1.4 Korelasi Antara Kemampuan Representasi Matematis dan Percaya Diri Siswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil perhitungan korelasi peringkat Spearman kelas yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning tentang aspek representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa ditampilkan dalam tabel 4 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 225, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4 Hasil Uji Korelasi Peringkat Spearman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 511, "width": 409, "height": 165, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai Postes Percaya Diri Postes Spearman's rho Nilai Postes Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .938 ** Sig. (2-tailed) . .000 N 29 29 Percaya Diri Postes Correlation Coefficient .938 ** 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 . N 29 29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 683, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4, N menunjukan jumlah sampel sebanyak 29 siswa sedangkan hubungan korelasi ditunjukan oleh angka 0,938** yang artinya besarnya korelasi yang terjadi antara variabel representasi dan percaya diri siswa adalah sebesar 0,938. Angka tersebut juga menunjukan lebih dari 0,5 berarti kuatnya hubungan antara kemampuan representasi matematis dengan percaya diri siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 190, "width": 91, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 218, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.1 Metode discovery learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 431, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa. Hasil ini diperoleh berdasarkan analisis data terhadap nilai rata-rata siswa pada pretes, siklus I, siklus II, siklus III, dan postes. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan, siklus I relatif lebih mudah karena sifatnya teori, namun mulai dari siklus II dan siklis III mulai sulit karena melibatkan perhitungan dan ketepatan konsep.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika melihat gambar 1 dihalaman 14 maka terlihat nilai postes mengalamai penurunan sekitar 4,06 dari nilai siklus III. Penurunan rata-rata nilai postes tersebut bukan berarti bahwa menurunya kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa, melainkan karena soal yang diberikan cukup berbeda serta soal tersebut mencangkup semua persoalan semua siklus, sehingga untuk menjawab soal postes tersebut akan melibatkan perhitungan dan ketepatan konsep dari masing- masing siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seperti yang telah diketahui sebelumnya, bahwa nilai rata-rata postes yang menggunakan metode discovery learning adalah 82 sedangkan nilai rata-rata yang menjadi permasalah adalah 66 dengan KKM 75. Itu artinya metode discovery learning dianggap telah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa, kerena nilai postes > nilai permasalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode discovery learning pada dasarnya mengembangkan siswa belajar aktif karena mereka diarahkan untuk bisa menemukan sendiri suatu konsep yang nanatinya akan tahan lama dalam ingatan sehingga dengan sendirinya bisa membuat siswa percaya diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.2 Kemampuan representasi matematis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 429, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning dan pembelajaran konvensional. Maka hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil tersebut berdasarkan perhitungan uji t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Temuan lain berdasarkan nilai kemampuan representasi matematis, diketahui bahwa nilai kemampuan representasi lebih tinggi dari pada nilai percaya diri siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai postest kelas yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning , bahwa nilai rata-rata representasi (82,27) sedangkan nilai rata-rata percaya diri siswa (75,47). Berdasarkan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada siswa, bahwa soal postes kemampuan representasi matematis terasa sulit. Padahal soal yang diberikan telah mencangkup siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III, sehingga soal itu berbeda dengan soal pretes dan postes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 59, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 103, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Hiebert & Carpenter (Risnawati, 2012:102) Meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dalam pembelajaran matematika, secara tidak langsung akan dapat meningkatkan beberapa kemampuan matematis lain seperti pemahaman, koneksi terlebih lagi akan meningkatkan percaya diri siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Jones (Risnawati, 2012:104) yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat beberapa alasan perlunya kemampuan representasi, yaitu: kelancaran dalam membangun suatu konsep dan berpikir matematis; ide-ide yang diberikan guru sangat mempengaruhi pemahaman siswa dalam matematika; untuk memiliki kemampuan dan pemahaman konsep yang kuat dan fleksibel dapat dibangun melalui kemampuan representasi matematis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan representasi yang tepat dan memadai mempunyai sumbangan yang sangat besar bagi terbentuknya pemahaman konsep. Sehingga penggunaan representasi yang tepat dalam artian cukup kuantitasnya supaya memungkinkan siswa menemukan keterkaitan, baik antar representasi maupun dalam satu jenis representasi. Hal ini terlihat pada kegiatan siswa saat mengerjakan lembar diskusi dan lembar tes. Siswa dapat menyajikan suatu ide/gagasan yang ditemukan dari hasil eksplorasi menggunakan representasi verbal dan simbol matematis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan representasi yang tepat juga mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar akan terbentuknya percaya diri siswa. Sehingga jika seorang guru jika ingin meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis maka tingkatkan dahulu percaya diri dari masing-masing siswa, karena percaya diri adalah modal awal dari keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar. Hal tersebut dikemukakan oleh Surya (2011:70) bahwa “modal dasar untuk sukses disegala bidang adalah percaya diri”, oleh karena itu peningkatan kemampuan representasi akan lebih maksimal jika ditunjang percaya diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 443, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.3 Percaya Diri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan percaya diri siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning dan pembelajaran konvensional. Maka hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan percaya diri siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil tersebut berdasarkan perhitungan uji t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika melihat nilai postes percaya diri kelas yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning mengalami peningkatan yang tinggi, keadaan itu terlihat dari rata-rata nilai pretes yang awalnya 53,00 setelah diberi perlakuan meningkat 22,47 sehingga nilai rata-rata postes percaya diri kelas tersebut menjadi 75,47. Berbeda halnya dengan kelas yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional yang hanya mempunyai nilai percaya diri pretes 48,50 peningkatannya adalah 17,93 sehingga nilai rata-rata untuk postes menjadi 66,43.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Saputra (2010) percaya diri adalah “salah satu kunci kesuksesan siswa dalam belajar. Karena tanpa adanya rasa percaya diri siswa tidak akan sukses dalam berinteraksi dengan temannya.” Disamping itu tanpa adanya rasa percaya diri siswa akan ragu-ragu dalam menyelesaikan suatu soal, pada akhirnya siswa tersebut tidak akan maksimal dalam menyelesaikan soal. Pada umumnya rendahnya rasa percaya diri pada siswa SMP adalah masalah yang sering diabaikan oleh para guru, tetapi jika terus diabaikan, hal tersebut akan dapat berdampak negatif bagi siswa yaitu berupa hasil belajar yang kurang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dikarenakan siswa menjadi pusat pembelajaran maka dalam metode Discovery Learning siswa diarahkan untuk bisa menemukan rumus sendiri yang nantinya akan di gunakan dalam materi garis, sudut dan segitiga dengan arahan guru, sehingga tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep materi yang sedang dipelajari akan meningkat. Jika tingkat pemahaman siswa meningkat maka tingkat percaya diri akan ikut meningkat juga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 428, "height": 47, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh karena itu metode discovery learning selalu mengarahkan cara belajar siswa aktif dengan menemukan sendiri, menyelidiki sendiri, maka hasil yang diperoleh akan tahan lama dalam ingatan. Sehingga dari proses pembelajaran inilah maka kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa akan meningkat dengan sendirinya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 256, "width": 352, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.4 Korelasi kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan halaman 16, besarnya korelasi yang terjadi antara variabel representasi dan percaya diri siswa adalah sebesar 0,938. Angka tersebut juga menunjukan lebih dari 0,5 berarti kuatnya hubungan antara kemampuan representasi matematis dengan percaya diri siswa. Sehingga diperoleh koefisien korelasi antara kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa kelas yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning termasuk kedalam kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa yang cukup tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adanya korelasi tersebut dimungkinkan karena dalam representasi matematis selalu menyajikan suatu ide/gagasan baik secara visual, persamaan atau kata - kata matematis. Keadaan tersebut akan memotivasi siswa supaya mereka dapat menemukan jawaban dari permasalahan yang disajikan melalui hasil eksplorasi, sehingga jika ada seorang siswa dalam kelas yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode discovery learning mempunyai percaya diri tinggi itu salah satunya adalah karena mereka dapat menyelesaiakan persoalan representasi melalui pengamatan, mengidentifikasi gambar, berdiskusi, menyimpulkan meteri dan berhasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 483, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari diagram batang di atas terlihat jelas bahwa keaktifan siswa pada tiap pertemuannya meningkat, terlihat juga nilai rata-rata keaktifan tertinggi adalah 98 dan terendah adalah 71. Semakin tinggi nilai rata-rata aktifitas siswa selama pembelajaran pada tiap pertemuannya berarti semakin baik rencana pembelajaran yang direncanakan. Sehingga dengan melihat data tersebut terlihat bahwa aktifitas siswa sangat mempengaruhi baik terhadap peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis maupun percaya diri siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara visual kegiatan aktifitas siswa dikelas eksperimen dilihat dari nilai rata-rata pada tiap pertemuannya dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 59, "width": 46, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 103, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 276, "top": 309, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 179, "top": 322, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diagram Batang Aktifitas Siswa di Kelas Eksperimen", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 428, "height": 50, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ini sesuai dengan pendapat Surya (2011:50) bahwa “orang yang sukses mendapatkan kesuksesannya membutuhkan 99% kerjakeras dan 1% keberuntungan”. Kerja keras di sini diartikan aktifitas, sehingga jika seorang siswa ingin sukses maka kuncinya adalah kerja keras dan belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 436, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan temuan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Metode Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan percaya diri siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Percaya diri siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Peningkatan percaya diri siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 627, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Terdapat hubungan antara kemampuan representasi matematis dengan percaya diri siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 665, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aisyah, S. (2012). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Representasi dan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Melalui Matematical Modelling dalam Model Problem Based Learning . Tesis UPI: tidak diterbitkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 107, "width": 339, "height": 181, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67 77 81 87 91 93 96 98 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Pertemuan Ke-1 Pertemuan Ke-2 Pertemuan Ke-3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 402, "top": 181, "width": 65, "height": 98, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertemuan Ke-4 Pertemuan Ke-5 Pertemuan Ke-6 Pertemuan Ke-7 Pertemuan Ke-8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 48, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 380, "top": 59, "width": 133, "height": 18, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Garut Vol. 09; No. 01; 2016; 9-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 777, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 421, "top": 777, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.journal.uniga.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 429, "height": 35, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Amelia, S. 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[ { "left": 147, "top": 45, "width": 366, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET , e-ISSN 2548-8430, p-ISSN 2548-8422, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 243, "top": 94, "width": 270, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching http://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/IJIET Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 158, "width": 386, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A BORDERLAND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDENTS AND GRADUATES TEACHING BIPA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 172, "top": 196, "width": 283, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Thomas Wahyu Prabowo Mukti Sanata Dharma University [email protected] https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v4i1.2109 received 24 September 2019; accepted 29 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 286, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 297, "width": 400, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teachers’ identity formation and tension in their working place have been the concern of many researchers and experts. However, the concern focuses only on the novice teachers who teach in the same subject as they are assigned to be. There is no sufficient research on identity tension which is faced specifically. This paper aims to find out the identity tension experienced by English language graduates teaching BIPA (Indonesian as a Foreign Language). This study employed a case study in order to generate a new understanding of this phenomena more deeply. Interview guideline with a semi-structured type of interview became the main instrument in this study. The participants of this study were five active Indonesian as foreign language teachers of Lembaga Bahasa Universitas Sanata Dharma. The study found out that teachers’ situatedness* became the main issue that influences teachers’ identity, compared to teachers’ multifaceted nature and their college. This study shows that, although the participants have been teaching for more than two years, or more, they mostly considered themselves still as English teachers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 507, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Borderland discourse, identity formation, Indonesian for foreign language", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 548, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 562, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "English students and graduates, especially from teacher training faculty, are commonly expected to teach English both in formal and informal school. However, some students and graduates choose not to teach English. In this study, I will specifically discuss English students and graduates from Indonesia who choose to teach BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing/Indonesian Language as a Foreign Language). This shift is actually shaped by the belief that most of the foreign learners are “bule (Indonesian way to call foreigners)” and able to speak English so that teachers must have English proficiency to be able to teach and communicate with those students. Indonesian Language students and graduates somehow feel afraid to teach the Indonesian Language as a Foreign Language, therefore, English students and graduates take the chance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 714, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "However, being able to speak Indonesian does not mean that they are able to teach Indonesian. Some English students and graduates take it for granted. They", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 45, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 400, "height": 190, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "jump to the field without considering the differences between teaching English and Indonesian teaching and learning process. Therefore, they may experience the gap between what they expect and what they face in the field which may also create tension in their identity formation especially because they are not prepared to be in this environment. It is understood since “teachers, both experienced and beginning teachers, are not always able to combine the realities of school practice with the way they perceive themselves as a teacher” (Van Rijswijk, Akkerman, & Koster, 2013, p.43) and their expectation related to the adaptation of their working place and identity formation. Considering this fact, teachers need to have the ability to think critically about the content and context of their own learning in teacher education, making pedagogical connections between how the ways one teaches and learns (Segall, 2002, p.74) in their new working place. This ability is necessary since teachers might have lots of problems that influence them as individuals personally and professionally.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 308, "width": 401, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It is common that teachers face identity tension in their new environment. This phenomenon occurs since teachers have to deal with many factors both from inside and outside of themselves (Varghese, Morgan, Johnston, & Johnson, 2005; Butler, 2005; Beijaard, Meijer & Verloop, 2004). Thus, teachers need to integrate their personal self and professional self with the cultural, social and even political context around their working place (Varghese, Morgan, Johnston, & Johnson, 2005; Butler, 2005). Additionally, Beijaard, Meijer & Verloop (2004) consider that they need have a “process of practice knowledge-building” which is also done by an ongoing integration of what someone's belief with a collective belief which is relevant to teaching (p. 123). This process is active and it includes creation and recreation process (Gee, 2000; Britzman, 2003). Further, this process is also is related to “the cognitive, the emotional, the bodily, and the creative” of the students or teachers (Alsup, 2006, p.14). Indeed, many people would consider this process as problematic, chaotic, multifaceted, unsteady, flowing, contextualized, transformational and transformative (Alsup, 2008; Varghese, Morgan, Johnston & Johnson, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 529, "width": 401, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beginning teachers are the ones who normally face the teacher identity tension. It has been the concern of many researchers and expert and there is a lot of research related to the identity tension of the novice teachers. Unfortunately, those researches do not really help the next beginning teachers to face what they will experience in the working place (Rogers & Babinski, 2002). It becomes worse since there is also a fact that teachers or lecturers at the university level do not really prepare their students with the reality that students will face. Robert and Bullough (1987) note that this condition makes beginning teachers become inconsistent and they even do contradictory to their own initial belief both in pedagogy, goal, and expectation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 653, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Specifically, this identity tension happens on several students and graduates from the English Language Education of Sanata Dharma University especially those who work as Indonesian for Foreigner instructors at Lembaga Bahasa (Language Institute) Sanata Dharma University instead of becoming English teachers as they are trained and expected to be. A shifting paradigm, belief, and identity might happen to them in this case since they face a very different context", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "both in class settings, language masteries, students and the approaches. The identity construction most likely happens since they face a completely different environment and context from college context to the working situation context and later on to Indonesian for foreigner context.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 170, "width": 400, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study focuses on the factors that influence teachers’ identity construction identity formation (Varghese, Morgan, Johnston, & Johnson, 2005; Xu, 2012; Zembylas, 2003) and the construction process of teachers’ identity by employing Alsup’s (2006) borderland discourse theory. The borderland discourse is used in this study since it focuses not only on “learning content, pedagogical technique, or research strategies for reflecting on practice” but it focuses also on “how to honor personal beliefs, life choices, and experiences that have value and meaning while enacting elements of the professional identity that society demands” (Alsup, 2006, p.126). Further, by understanding teacher identities using borderland discourse, it can lead to the analysis on how teachers build the images that they use to reflect on their personal teaching practices (George, Mohammed, & Quamina-Aiyejina, 2003). Further, the current state of the participants’ identity and condition will be also depicted using the metaphors that they are using for picturing their life stage at their working place. This study addresses two research questions:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 363, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. What factors influence the English Language Study Program students and graduates’ teacher identity as Indonesian for foreign language teachers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 391, "width": 328, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. What is the identity that they construct during these processes?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 429, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Literature Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 440, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teacher’s Identity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 456, "width": 399, "height": 273, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identity is the unique set of characteristics associated with a particular individual relative to the perceptions and characteristics of others (Pennington, 2015). It can be described as the sense of a person's self-image and self-awareness as may be captured in the stories which the person tells about her/himself and also as this is projected to and understood by others (Richards, 2015b). Many researchers believe that identity is also related to the concept of ‘good’ and ‘proper’ or ‘appropriate’ behavior which can define someone’s place in society (Pennington & Richards, 2016). It means that someone is actually required to negotiate their position and identity in different contexts which may also cause “struggle in relation to the roles and positioning of others” (Varghese et al., 2005). Zembylas (2003) defines teacher identity as a teacher’s personal viewpoint on their professional role, responsibility, and performance. Similarly, Varghese, Morgan, Johnston, and Johnson (2005) see the teacher identity as a combination of the individual and psychological matter since it is related to self-image and other images of a teacher. Further, the teacher identity is also related to their emotions, understanding of, beliefs about and attitudes to teaching and learning, and knowledge and skills in teaching practice (Xu, 2012). Pillen, Brok, & Beijaard (2013) add that the teachers’ professional identity is an unstable product which means it is always actively changing and it will never stop. Thus, analyzing teachers’ identity allows the researcher to focus on the “complex, situated, and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 343, "top": 45, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 112, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "fluid attributes” of teachers which influence teachers’ teaching practice (Sexton, 2006, p. 75).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 156, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Factors Affecting Teacher Identity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 170, "width": 401, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are several factors that influence teacher identity. First, it is the multidimensional or “multifaceted nature” (Tsui, 2007) of teacher identities. It is specifically related to gender, cultural background, and linguistic identities (Xu, 2012). In addition, their beliefs and value systems also influence teachers’ conceptions and practical theories in classroom teaching as well as their instructional strategies and performance in the classroom (Cheng et al., 2009). Second, it is the teachers’ situatedness*. Expected role in the working place and the competence are the main focus of this issue (Le Ha & Van Que, 2006). Beginning teachers respond to the changing of their environment and professional roles and the pressures between the individual and their context (Billot & King, 2015). In addition, some studies also reveal that NNES teacher identities are affected by credibility issue which is related to their linguistic competence, students’ perception of their competence and others’ perceptions of their non- nativeness (Li, 2007; Liu, 1999; Liang, 2002; Moussu, 2002; Samimy & Brutt- Griffler, 1999 as cited in Zacharias, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 377, "width": 401, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Third, it is the teachers’ colleagues. Teacher’s identity formation is constructed not by the teachers themselves but also by others (Danielewicz, 2001). In other words, teacher identities are co-constructed and the process of co- construction by the teachers themselves and others are not always in accordance with one another. Sometimes, contacts with new people and experiences may create what could be called ‘identity stress’ or even an ‘identity crisis’, in which a person feels unsure about her/his identity and questions who she/he is (Pennington & Richards, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 488, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Borderland Discourse", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 499, "width": 400, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Borderland discourse is strongly related to the notion of teachers’ identity and the environment around it. It is related to the cognitive, emotional, and psychological aspects of novice teachers (Alsup, 2006). This integration is vital for novice teachers since they have to negotiate their positions and ideologies with the new environment while they have to also build their professional selves. It is Alsup’s (2006, p. 9) who considers this process as a way of learning “a new set of rules for behavior”. In her study, he found that students have a problem related to this professional identity when they did not completely disclaim their own discourses and when they accepted some of the new discourses of the educational community they were joining as novice teachers. At this moment, they realized that they have changed their belief and they became teachers without giving up themselves since they found their “teacher within” (Palmer, 1998). Through borderland discourse, the evidence of the contact between the personal and professional matters which can actually lead someone to the integration of those two completely different matters can be seen (Alsup, 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 708, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are two factors influencing teachers’ identity formation in Alsup’s borderland discourse. They are stereotype and social status which are", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 401, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "interchangeable to each other. A study by Weber and Mitchell (1995) as cited in Alsup (2006) shows that many people have stereotypical markers for teachers. This stereotype might lead to a misunderstanding since teachers might think that they should do what society believes. The situation might be problematic for teachers. Thus, Alsup (2006) suggest that in order to face frustration, tension, and relinquishment of the profession, teachers must create an identity space for themselves.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 211, "width": 401, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "By applying borderland discourse analysis, the researcher will be able to have further discussion and enhance the meta-awareness of the novice teachers integrated and holistic selves’ development (Alsup, 2006). Further, the borderland discourse might help teacher educator to develop a program or method to address any issues related to identity formation in education courses. It can be done since the participants are able to share their very personal parts of their lives that they believe important in their “personal and professional identities and reflected on the progression of their teacher lives” (Alsup, 2006, p. 11).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 346, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 359, "width": 400, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study employed the qualitative method in order to collect and analyze richer data. Specifically, I used a case study approach to get in-depth information related to the identity formation and borderland discourse. By focusing on PBI students and graduates, as one unit, who become BIPA teachers, the researcher focuses ib acquiring “detailed description and understanding of the entity” (Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Razavieh, 2010, p. 29). Through a deep analysis of the participants’ stories, this study is expected to give a brief explanation of the participants’ experience and feeling regarded to their job.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To get the data, I interviewed five active teachers, randomly, who graduate from English language education study program of Sanata Dharma University or still become students and have taught Indonesian for foreign language at least two years at the Language Institute as the participants of this study. They are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 540, "width": 387, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Code Name Sex Experience Student/Graduate EH Female 2 years Student GN Male 2 years Student AT Female 5 years Graduate SN Female 4 years Graduate KA Female 5 years Graduate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 644, "width": 400, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EH was a quite new teacher. She had been learning for two years. She was still studying at the English Language Education Study Program and at the same time working as an Indonesian instructor at the Language Institute. She was still considered as one of the youngest and the most recent members of the teachers. GN was on the same batch as EH. He was still studying at the English Language Education Study Program. Both of them had experienced teaching practice at the school.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 45, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 401, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AT was recently joining again the Language Institute after working for two years in different sectors. However, she had been teaching for 5 years. She was both an Indonesian and English teacher at the Language Institute but most of the time she taught Indonesian. Similarly, KN was also not teaching one subject. KN taught Indonesian, English, and Korean. She was a very experienced Indonesian teacher since she has been teaching Indonesian for five years in a row. She just graduated from Linguistics study program for her master’s degree. Therefore, I considered her master Indonesian materials well. The last was SN. She was the best graduate from English Language Education Study Program but she chose to teach Indonesian since she was in semester 5. She only focused on teaching Indonesian and she was the coordinator for academic affair especially related to the materials taught to students. It means she dealt a lot with Indonesian materials and had to learn a lot since she was responsible for it.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 294, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "They all have experienced both teaching Indonesia and English both in traditional classes and/or private course. Most teachers are female therefore the number of participants in this study is mostly women. The interviews were done in English in order to get maintain the data validity by reducing the bias possibilities in the translation processes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 363, "width": 401, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The interview used an interview guideline which consists of eight open-ended questions. The questions are based on the theory of factors that construct identity (Varghese et al., 2005; Xu, 2012; Zembylas, 2003) and borderland discourse (Alsup, 2006). The interviews were a semi-structured interview, in which the questions were actually have been formulated but also modified during the interview process based on the interviewee’s answers. Basically, the questions were designed to reveal what is important to understand related to the phenomenon under study (Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Razavieh, 2010, p. 438). Some questions asked to the participants were “Why do you choose this profession?” which revealed the participants’ story and reasons or factors related to their decision of becoming Indonesian instructors (Li, 2007; Liu, 1999; Liang, 2002; Moussu, 2002; Samimy & Brutt-Griffler, 1999 as cited in Zacharias, 2010), and “What are the changes that you feel from an expected English teacher to become an Indonesian teacher?” which revealed the participants’ experiences in their working place which influenced their identity which analyzed employing the theories of Alsup (2006) combined and compared to Li’s (2007), Liu’s (1999), Liang’s (2002), Moussu’s (2002), Samimy & Brutt-Griffler’s (1999) findings related to teachers’ identity formation.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 598, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The researcher interviewed all participants then transcribed it. After all of the interviews were transcribed, I analyzed the data based on Moustakas’ (1994) and Creswell’s (2007) data analysis technique. It included analyzing the data in a natural validation of research data without considering my perception (epoche), familiarizing and organizing the data, coding and reducing data, synthesizing the data and later validating the processed data by giving back the data to the participants in order to check the validity and their agreements about all of the statements included in the data. Then, the researcher revised and rechecked the revised data to the participants while at the same time, asked the participants to check it.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Findings and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 129, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Factors Influencing the Teachers’ Identity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 140, "width": 400, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are several factors influencing teachers’ identity based on data analysis. The data found were divided into three big issues. They are multifaceted nature of teachers’ identity, teachers’ situatedness* and colleagues. The occurrences of the factors which were mentioned by participants are listed below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 211, "width": 391, "height": 126, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. The Factors Influencing Participants’ Identity Factors SN EH KA GN AT Total Percentage FM 2 3 7 3 1 16 36% FS 2 3 4 7 5 21 47% FC 1 2 2 1 2 8 17% Note FM : M ultifaceted nature of teachers’ identity FS : Teachers’ s ituatedness* FC : C olleagues", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 400, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data show that the teachers’ situatedness* plays a vital role in constructing teachers’ identity. Most of the participants in this study mentioned that the expectation given by people to them as Indonesian teachers pushed them to follow and adapt themselves to it. It is especially related to the expected role in the working place and the competence they should have. Here is the complete discussion of factors affecting teachers’ identity in this study:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 451, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Multifaceted Nature of Teachers’ Identity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 465, "width": 401, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The multifaceted nature of teacher’s identity is related to gender, cultural background, beliefs, value systems and linguistic identities (Xu, 2012; Cheng et al., 2009, p. 319). In this study, linguistic identity and culture have a big role in constructing teachers’ identity. The linguistics identity in this study is mostly related to Indonesian language mastery. The participants mostly have the problem in this case since Indonesian is not the main subject they learn although they are Indonesian. Specifically, it can be observed in SN’s explanation:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 596, "width": 370, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“… the major (job description in this institution) is teaching Indonesia to foreigners though I learn Indonesian it’s about some years ago like I mean some years ago since I was in the senior high school. And then, during the bachelor degree, I don’t learn it (SN 3).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 665, "width": 400, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SN’s description can illustrate the struggles faced by all participants who have no Indonesian for foreign language teachers’ background. Lack of Indonesian knowledge and mastery become the biggest issue they face related to their job as Indonesian for foreign language teachers (KA 3; GN 10; AT 7, 9; and EH 4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Realizing this situation, most participants tried to learn Indonesian from the beginning as KA mentioned below:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 343, "top": 45, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 140, "top": 112, "width": 373, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“(I felt it was) very hard (when I first taught Indonesia), because many people think that Indonesian is so easy because Indonesian is our native language, but after teaching Indonesia, Indonesia is so, so hard, I have to learn so many things and I found that the things that I believe before is not right (KA 2)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 184, "width": 400, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It shows that the participant knew that she needed to change by learning again Indonesian although it is her own language since she realized how hard Indonesian grammar is. This reflection led the participants, not only KA, to learn more about Indonesian grammar – since they believe that they need to master it in order to show their teaching capability. Even, AT mentioned that she often pretended as a student in order to prepare for any students’ question related to Indonesian grammar (AT 13).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition, the participants’ culture as an Indonesian affects their identity and, at the same time, they are also affected by their interaction with students who have a very different culture. The participants, Indonesians who rarely speak directly what they want, have to face students who are straightforward (AT 4; SN 4). They mentioned that they were quite shocked knowing that students were very straightforward especially when they did not like the teacher or the way teacher teaches. At this point, their identity as Indonesian who rarely speak directly or indirectly changed. They realize that they need to face this condition and they adapt themselves to a very different environment in class every day.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 400, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In summary, the needs to master Indonesian, especially the structure or grammar, and the adaptation to different cultures lead the participants to construct their identities. They realize that since it is their profession, they have to really master Indonesian. Further, they have to also adapt themselves as teachers who are open to differences. It is in accordance with the fact that teachers have the multifaceted nature of teacher identities (Tsui, 2007) which is related to cultural background and linguistic identities (Xu, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 513, "width": 114, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teachers’ Situatedness", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 529, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This issue was mostly mentioned by the participants as they have to face the expected role, competence (Le Ha & Van Que, 2006) and stereotype as Indonesian for foreign language teachers (Alsup, 2006) which is different with what they are prepared to be. Thus, they have to respond to the changing of their environment and professional roles and the pressures between the individual and their context. This issue is actually also connected to the first issue especially related to materials mastery. EH mentioned,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 637, "width": 369, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“I felt like I didn’t have much knowledge on the Indonesian language then I saw that my colleagues have so much knowledge on linguistics and teaching method so ya , it made me, like, less confident about myself (EH 11).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 401, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As teachers, no matter what their background is, they believe that they have to become a credential source for their students in their class. Thus, the participants", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "had to learn Indonesian materials in order to meet the expectation as an Indonesian teacher otherwise they will feel less confident and less capable in teaching.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 142, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Further, the participants have to also adjust the situation whereas there are only one until seven students in the class since the course offered in the Language Institute is mostly private course. It means that participants have to maintain a good relationship with students in order to conduct a good teaching and learning situation in the class. SN says,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 223, "width": 368, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“(Previously) we mostly teach students in a group, like in the class there will be around 30 to 45 students, but the major of the class here is private classes, so I have to learn how to teach in a private class… basically, I enjoy it more because it is easier to handle students, and because most the students here are on the same age as me thus we mostly engage in discussion (SN 6, 7).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 308, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As SN has mentioned, this class setting makes the participants have to learn, not only the materials but also how to deal with their students who have very different culture and characteristics (EH 7; KA 6; GN 7; AT 3, 4). One of the ways to maintain a good relationship is by having lots of discussions in the class. AT and KA even mentioned that they had to really identify their students through fully in order to adjust their teaching style and technique for teaching students by having many intense discussions with their students (KA 11, AT 2,3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It can be concluded that the participants are directly and indirectly demanded to be open to all to their students in order to create good relationships with their students. GN who has taught for about two years mentioned,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 460, "width": 366, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I never have interaction with foreigners before, so I feel like a clumsy. When there is a student, usually I just say Selamat pagi , for now I am more confident to talk more about something, when I communicate in the culture class I have more experience and can talk more and know what to talk usually I don’t know what to talk because I don’t know whether they understand or not (GN 11).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 554, "width": 400, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "GN’s utterances show that the inside and outside class setting changed him especially in the way he interacted with his students. He, who has difficulty in having conversations with others, realized that he had to be more open. As a result, he now could interact with his students better.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 609, "width": 400, "height": 69, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In summary, the materials mastery, class setting, and the students’ culture and characteristics contribute so much in the participants’ process of constructing their identity. This teachers’ situatedness*, indeed, contribute much in developing teachers’ professional identity since it is related to teachers’ expected role, competence, and stereotype that contribute to participants’ identity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 45, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Colleagues", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 131, "width": 400, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teacher identities are co-constructed in the same time as they have contacts with new people and experiences which may make someone unsure about her/his identity and questions who she/he is (Danielewicz, 2001; Pennington & Richards, 2016). Undeniably, this issue also influences the participants’ identity. It can be observed by the utterances mentioned by EH,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 212, "width": 369, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“I felt like I didn’t have much knowledge on the Indonesian language then I saw that my colleagues have so much knowledge on linguistics and teaching method so ya , it made me, like, less confident about myself (EH 11).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 267, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The utterances show that the participant did care about her colleague’s standard. She even compared herself to her colleagues. However, from this comparison, she reflected that she needed to learn more about the materials she will teach. Further, GN also indicated the same thing. However, it was mostly related to teaching attitudes. He mentioned, “Personally, I haven’t changed but as educators and teachers I have changed. (GN 6).” Two statements from these participants indicate that they learn from their colleagues who are their senior. They tried to compare themselves to their colleagues and come to the conclusion that they need to learn since they have not become teachers as they should be.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 391, "width": 400, "height": 69, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Additionally, not only did colleagues influence the participants’ identity but their friends and significant others also influenced their identity. This influence was in the form of support and even doubt. It is quite interesting especially when all of the participants said that their friends questioned their decision to become Indonesian for foreign language teachers. One of the participants mentions:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 474, "width": 374, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“They ask me why you teach Indonesian. And then sometimes they say like, where is your English, “ Inggrismu nendi e ?” Okay, I don’t care because English, I mean that, it is good to learn English but it is not the only thing you have to learn for getting your future, so my English here (KA 4).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 546, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The statements above show that many people question the participant's decision to become Indonesian for foreign language teachers since the participants were from the English Language department. Their friends might feel that the participants’ English competence will be useless since the participants might do not really use their English but for communication. However, KA denied those hesitations by proving that becoming an Indonesian teacher gave her more values as a professional teacher and it also gave her more job opportunities to become Indonesian writer and editor (KA 8, 10). On the other hand, participants also mentioned that their family also questioned their decision but their family, actually, also supported their decision although it was not in line with what they learned in the colleagues (EM 22, GN 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 400, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In summary, participants’ colleagues and significant others have significant impacts on the construction of the participants’ professional identity. Doubt and support can be encouragements for the participants to prove that they are good at", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "their profession and they do not regret it. Further, this issue is also related to multifaceted nature and teachers’ situatedness* especially related to language mastery and teaching attitude.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 154, "width": 400, "height": 68, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Although teachers’ situatedness* was mostly mentioned by the participants since it is related to the expected roles of teachers that the participants always face, it is undeniable that other factors such as multifaceted nature of teachers and the participants’ colleges also have significant impacts on the participants’ teachers’ professional identity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 237, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teachers’ Identity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Current State of Their Identity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 263, "width": 401, "height": 110, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This section will discuss the participants’ current identity by analyzing their statements using Borderland discourse analysis (Alsup, 2006). According to Alsup (2006), analyzing the discourse using Borderland discourse analysis means a researcher could connect cognitive, emotional, and psychological aspects of teachers (Alsup, 2006) in their positions and ideologies with the new environment while they have to also build their professional selves. In short, the researcher learns how teachers adapt to “a new set of rules for behavior” in their working place which can also lead to the identification of teachers’ identity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 373, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To find out the participants’ current identity based on their statement, here is the summary of their considered identities of the five participants:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 591, "width": 192, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Participants’ Current Identity", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 621, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1 shows that most of the participants (AT, EH and GN) considered themselves as English teachers although they have been teaching Indonesian for more than two years, even AT is already teaching for 5 years. Based on the interview, they believed that they were still English teachers since they were more comfortable in teaching English. Here are their statements:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 701, "width": 368, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“… I want to be an English teacher because I am an English language education student. That’s my job. Teaching Indonesia is I think more to get teaching experience and … to have interaction and experience with", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 45, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 145, "top": 115, "width": 368, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "foreigners and experience in the working world. But, Teaching English is more than that. I want to be able to speak English also, I want to learn English also and I want to teach Indonesian people because when we teach Indonesian people, we can give a contribution to the nation and we can make our brothers and sisters more skillful (GN 12).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 195, "width": 369, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Well, it is very hard (to decide whether I am as an English teacher or an Indonesian teacher). I would identify myself as an English teacher because I am studying English. I do (miss teaching English) because what I have learned in university was not used. My English is only used when I speak to a native speaker or non-native speaker. You know, what I have learned hard is not really used in my teaching. So, it is sad. I feel more comfortable when I speak in English instead of Indonesia (EH 13, 14, 18).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 306, "width": 369, "height": 82, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“To be honest, if I look at my capability and my knowledge, I am an English teacher because I have like more exposure in English linguistics and if students ask me a questions related to English, I can give more than one possibility, when students ask me one question in Bahasa Indonesia, I need to think a lot about it, because I know my weakness, I need to learn more Bahasa Indonesia (AT 10).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 400, "height": 218, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The fact above is quite surprising since participants still consider themselves as English teachers instead of Indonesian for foreign language teachers although they had taught for more than two years. By analyzing their statements, it could be concluded that they were more comfortable in teaching English. From the cognitive and psychological aspects of the participants, I could also conclude the participants felt more comfortable teaching English since they were more capable and knowledgeable in teaching English compared to Indonesian. Previously, AT, GN and EH also had mentioned their difficulties in learning Indonesian grammar which was more complicated than English and they learned English in college not Indonesian. Even EH in EH 18 mentioned that she missed teaching English so much since she did not teach English since her pre-service program. Further, GN in GN 12 mentioned that he wanted to give more contribution to his country by teaching English to her fellows. It means that the Indonesian teaching experiences did not change their identity as an English teacher although the experience of becoming Indonesian for foreign language teachers might influence their way of teaching and interacting with their students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 626, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In other hands, SN identified herself as an Indonesian teacher. She said that she used her English as the medium for communicating with her students. However, she mentioned that she considered the opportunity of teaching Indonesia as the stepping stone for getting a scholarship although she considered that she had been in this position too long (SN 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KA, who was teaching Indonesian, English, and Korean in the Language Institute, still could not decide who she was. She considered herself in the middle of the bridge that made her unable to move backward but forward (KA 19). It can be understood since she has much expertise which makes her unable to decide.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IJIET Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 789, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Although there are some differences related to the participants’ current identity, I found a similarity on their statements: they chose this profession as the stepping stones for getting a better job in the future (EH 3; GN 1; AT 1, 2; KA 1; SN 1, 2). It is understood since the institution allows students who have not graduated to join the institution. Further, as part of Sanata Dharma University, this institution has a respectable name. It means those who have worked in this institution considered to have a good rapport on their curriculum vitae especially for applying for another job in the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 225, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In conclusion, three of the participants identified themselves still as English teachers instead of Indonesian for foreign language teachers, one of those believed she was an Indonesian teacher while one of the participants had not decided yet. Based on the borderland discourse analysis, the current identity is influenced so much by cognitive, emotional, and psychological aspects of teachers (Alsup, 2006) specifically the comfort of teaching Indonesian or English. Those who identified themselves as English teachers might be still not comfortable teaching Indonesian since they considered themselves more capable of teaching English while others might have felt comfortable teaching Indonesia. One similarity found here is the fact that this profession as a stepping stone for getting experiences and better jobs in the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 391, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 401, "height": 287, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study has already answered its objectives which are revealing factors that contribute to the English students and graduates who work as Indonesian for foreign language teachers and the identity that they construct during the process of becoming Indonesian for foreign language teachers. This study found that the teachers’ situatedness* was the factors that had a vital role in constructing the participants' identity while teachers’ multifaceted nature and their colleagues and significant others also contributed to the participants’ identity construction. Further, most participants still considered themselves as English teachers instead of Indonesian for foreign language teachers although one of the participants identified herself as an Indonesian teacher while the other had not decided yet. One similarity found in this study is the fact that this profession as a stepping stone for getting experiences and better jobs in the future. Additionally, the participants’ revealed two important points which are the adaptation process they are experiencing until now the dissonance of the participants’ expectation towards their current job. However, this study only discussed the current state of the participants’ identity. This identity can be changing anytime, thus follow up studies could be done to reveal the changes experienced by those participants after some times. Moreover, it also possible to conduct a bigger scale of study to reveal the fact of English students or graduates who teach Indonesia as a foreign language in Indonesia. This study can be also a reference for English departments for preparing an Indonesian for foreign language subject for their students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References Alsup, J. (2006). Teacher identity discourses negotiating personal and professional spaces . 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "106", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 449, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Audit Tenure , Kompleksitas Operasi, Opini Audit dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) Terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 177, "width": 265, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia * , Afrizal, Riski Hernando Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia * Alamat e-mail corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 234, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "I N F O A R T I K E L", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 253, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Histori Artikel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 264, "width": 142, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tanggal Submit 20 Juni 2022 Tanggal revisi 6 September 2022 Tanggal Accepted 12 September 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 318, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Key words:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 329, "width": 112, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Audit Tenure , Kompleksitas Operasi, Opini Audit, Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP), Audit Delay", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 396, "width": 126, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: 10.36805/akuntansi.v7i2.2383", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 453, "width": 103, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Open access under Creative Common Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 234, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 253, "width": 323, "height": 120, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effect of audit tenure, operation complexity, audit opinion and size of public accounting firm (KAP) on audit delay simultaneously and partially. The population in this study are building construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2020. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample used in this study were 16 companies for 4 years with a total of 64 observational data. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that audit tenure, operation complexity, audit opinion, and the size of a public accounting firm (KAP) simultaneously affect on audit delay. Operation complexity and audit opinion partially affect on audit delay. Audit tenure and the size of the public accounting firm (KAP) partially have no effect on audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 395, "width": 80, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A K", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 414, "width": 323, "height": 157, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti secara empiris pengaruh audit tenure , kompleksitas operasi, opini audit dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) terhadap audit delay secara simultan dan parsial. Populasi di dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling . Sampel yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 16 perusahaan selama 4 tahun dengan total 64 data pengamatan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa audit tenure , kompleksitas operasi, opini audit, dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Kompleksitas operasi dan opini audit secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Audit tenure dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 607, "width": 97, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 621, "width": 470, "height": 150, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laporan keuangan adalah salah satu instrumen dalam menilai kinerja sebuah entitas dalam rentang waktu tertentu. Laporan keuangan menyediakan banyak informasi tentang perusahaan yang dapat dimanfaatkan para pengguna sebagai dasar dalam pembuatan keputusan. Laporan keuangan memiliki manfaat yang luas untuk kepentingan publik adalah penyampaian data tentang posisi keuangan, kinerja keuangan, dan arus kas perusahaan yang oleh para penggunanya akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pengambilan keputusan ekonomi (Astuti & Surtikanti, 2021). Menurut Martani et al., (2018) informasi yang terlambat dipublikasikan mengakibatkan informasi di dalamnya menjadi kehilangan relevansinya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penyampaikan laporan secara tepat waktu merupakan sesuatu yang penting. Prabasari & Merkusiwati (2017) menyatakan rentang waktu antara tanggal laporan audit dengan tanggal penutupan buku berpengaruh terhadap ketepatan waktu dari data yang terkandung dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 107", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "laporan keuangan, khususnya laporan keuangan yang akan dipublikasikan. Menurut Apriani & Suharti (2019) audit delay adalah lamanya waktu penyelesaian audit yang dilihat dari tanggal tutup buku sampai tanggal yang tercantum dalam laporan audit independen. Peraturan penyampaian laporan keuangan perusahaan publik dijelaskan melalui “ Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 29/POJK.04/2016 Tentang Laporan Tahunan Emiten Atau Perusahaan Publik ” dimana dijelaskan “emiten atau perusahaan publik wajib menyam paikan laporan keuangan tahunan paling lambat pada akhir bulan keempat setelah tahun b uku berakhir”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 470, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fenomena audit delay bukan hal yang baru di Indonesia. Pengumuman Bursa Efek Indonesia yang diterbitkan oleh bursa pada 11 April 2018, hingga tanggal 2 April 2018, terdapat 70 perusahaan belum mempublikasikan laporan keuangan yang berakhir per 31 Desember 2017. Pengumuman Bursa Efek Indonesia yang diterbitkan bursa pada 9 April 2019, hingga tanggal 1 April 2019, 64 perusahaan belum mempublikasikan laporan keuangan perusahaan per 31 Desember 2018. Bursa Efek Indonesia menyatakan hingga 2 Juni 2020, terdapat 63 perusahaan belum mempublikasikan laporan keuangan yang berakhir per 31 Desember 2019. Bursa Efek Indonesia melalui pengumuman tertanggal 10 Juni 2021 menyebutkan hingga tanggal 31 Mei 2021, terdapat 88 perusahaan tercatat yang belum mempublikasikan laporan keuangan per 31 Desember 2020. Dari jumlah perusahaan tercatat yang mengalami audit delay , terdapat perusahaan yang berasal dari sub sektor konstruksi bangunan. Berikut daftar perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang terlambat menyampaikan laporan keuangan per 31 Desember 2016 sampai 31 Desember 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 377, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 468, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perusahaan Sub Sektor Konstruksi Bangunan yang Terlambat Menyampaikan Laporan Keuangan per", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 401, "width": 375, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "31 Desember 2016 -31 Desember 2020 No. Periode Penyampaian Laporan Keuangan Nama Perusahaan Kode Saham 1. Per 31 Desember 2017 PT. Bukaka Teknik Utama Tbk. BUKK PT. Nusa Konstruksi Enjiniring Tbk. DGIK 2. Per 31 Desember 2018 PT. Nusa Konstruksi Enjiniring Tbk. DGIK PT. Mitra Pemuda Tbk. MTRA PT. Totalindo Eka Persada Tbk. TOPS 3. Per 31 Desember 2019 PT. Mitra Pemuda Tbk. MTRA PT. Totalindo Eka Persada Tbk. TOPS 4. Per 31 Desember 2020 PT. Mitra Pemuda Tbk. MTRA PT. Aesler Grup Internasional Tbk. RONY", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 567, "width": 156, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data diolah, 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 585, "width": 470, "height": 150, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Audit tenure merupakan rentang waktu lamanya hubungan kerja KAP yang sama dengan entitas dalam memberikan jasa mengaudit laporan keuangan (Pratiwi & Wiratmaja, 2018). Auditor yang telah mempunyai hubungan yang lama dengan klien akan menjadikan auditor memahami tentang karakteristik perusahaan yang diaudit dan berdampak pada mempermudah auditor dalam membuat program audit bersifat efektif dan menciptakan laporan keuangan auditan yang berkualitas. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan oleh Annisa, 2018 dan Ulfa & Ardiana (2021) menemukan bahwa audit tenure berpengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay sedangkan Wulandari & Wiratmaja (2017) memperoleh hasil audit tenure berpengaruh positif terhadap audit delay . Sedangkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dewi & Challen, (2018), Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018), Safitri & Triani (2021) dan Sawitri & Budiartha (2018) menyatakan audit tenure tidak memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 736, "width": 470, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi & Challen (2018) menyatakan perusahaan seringkali mempunyai tingkat operasi yang kompleks. Tingkat kompleksitas operasi perusahaan bergantung pada keberadaan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "108", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 471, "height": 287, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "jumlah dan lokasi unit entitas (cabang) serta diversifikasi jalur produk dan pasarnya. Banyaknya anak perusahaan memberikan informasi mengenai perusahaan yang mempunyai lebih banyak unit kerja yang harus dianalisis, membuat auditor memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama dalam melakukan proses audit (Rubianto, 2017). Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan oleh Darmawan & Widhiyani (2017), Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018) dan Widyastuti & Astika (2017) menemukan hasil kompleksitas operasi berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Tetapi hasil yang berbeda ditemukan Dewi & Challen (2018), Rubianto (2017) dan Safitri & Triani (2021) yang menunjukkan hasil kompleksitas operasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Opini audit merupakan pendapat dari kewajaran laporan keuangan dalam audit (Bahri & Amnia, 2020). Menurut Amin et al., (2021) entitas memperoleh opini wajar tanpa pengecualian tentu tidak akan terlambat mempublikasikan laporan keuangan perusahaan dibanding entitas yang memperoleh opini selain wajar tanpa pengecualian dimana memerlukan waktu dalam mempublikasikan laporan keuangan. Hal ini dikarenakan auditor membutuhkan lebih banyak waktu yang akan digunakan bernegosiasi dengan perusahaan dan bernegosiasi dengan mitra audit senior. Peneltian yang dilakukan Lestari & Nuryatno (2018) menemukan hasil opini audit memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan pada audit delay . Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Safitri & Triani (2021) dan Sari & Sujana (2021) menunjukkan opini audit berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Terdapat perbedaan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Amin et al., (2021), Bahri & Amnia (2020), Apriani & Suharti (2019), Putra & Wilopo (2017), Saputra et al (2020) dan Utami et al (2018) menunjukkan bahwa opini audit tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 365, "width": 470, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) adalah lembaga yang memiliki izin dari Menteri Keuangan sebagai wadah bagi akuntan publik dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. Kantor Akuntan Publik yang berafiliasi dengan Kantor Akuntan Publik Big Four mempunyai banyak auditor dan staf karyawan yang mampu bekerja secara efisien dan mempersingkat masa proses audit. Penelitian Dewi & Challen (2018) menemukan hasil ukuran kantor akuntan publik berpengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay . Penelitian yang dilakukan Clarisa & Pangerapan (2019) dan Harjanto (2017) menunjukkan hasil ukuran kantor akuntan publik berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Terdapat hasil penelitian yang berbeda dengan penelitian dilakukan oleh Apriani & Rahmanto (2017), Ratnasari & Yennisa (2017), Putra & Wilopo (2017), Utami et al (2018) menemukan ukuran kantor akuntan publik tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 516, "width": 471, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemilihan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan sebagai sampel penelitian adalah terdapat perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang mengalami audit delay secara berturut-turut dari periode 2017 hingga 2020. Alasan lain pemilihan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan sebagai objek penelitian adalah perkembangan infrastruktur yang menjadi salah satu penyebab semakin besarnya peranan dari sektor konstruksi dalam perekonomian. Peranan tersebut tercermin dengan tingginya kontribusi sektor konstruksi terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) sebesar 10,60% pada triwulan III/2020 (Handayani & Yuniastuti, 2020). Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mengungkapkan terjadi pertumbuhan positif pada sektor jasa konstruksi di kuartal II/2021 setelah 12 bulan berada di zona merah. Kontribusi sektor konstruksi pada PDB kuartal II/2021 sebesar 10,12% berada di peringkat keempat setelah sektor industri pengolahan sebesar 19,29% diikuti sektor pertanian sebesar 14,27% dan perdagangan sebesar 13,08% (Arief, 2021). Pemilihan tahun 2017 hingga tahun 2020 sebagai tahun penelitian dikarenakan terjadinya audit delay pada perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan secara berturut-turut dala m periode tahun tersebut dan peneliti juga ingin mendapatkan hasil penelitian terbaru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 109", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 135, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 93, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Landasan Teori", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 106, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1.1 Teori Sinyal ( Sinyalling Theory )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 470, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teori sinyal dikemukakan oleh Michael Spence pada tahun 1973. Menurutnya, teori sinyal mencakup bagian internal seperti direksi perusahaan yang bertindak sebagai pihak pemberi sinyal dan bagian eksternal seperti penanam modal yang bertindak sebagai pihak penerima sinyal (Pratiwi & Wiratmaja, 2018). Menurut Safitri & Triani (2021) Laporan tahunan adalah salah satu informasi yang disampaikan perusahaan yang mampu memberi sinyal bagi pihak di luar perusahaan. Laporan tahunan berisi informasi akuntansi dan informasi non akuntansi. Informasi akuntansi merupakan merupakan informasi yang berhubungan tentang laporan keuangan sedangkan informasi non akuntansi merupakan informasi yang tidak terkait dengan laporan keuangan. Informasi akuntansi dan informasi non akuntansi ini akan dinilai oleh pihak luar, apakah perusahaan memiliki prospek baik atau buruk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 271, "width": 217, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1.2 Teori Kepatuhan ( Compliance Theory )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 284, "width": 470, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prabasari & Merkusiwati (2017) menyatakan teori kepatuhan merupakan bentuk disiplin menjalankan perintah. Patuh merupakan kata dasar dari ketaatan yang dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) menyatakan tentang sikap disiplin dan taat pada aturan. Menurut Wiryakriyana & Widhiyani (2017) Teori kepatuhan mampu membuat individu mematuhi peraturan yang berlaku, seperti halnya perusahaan secara tepat waktu dalam mencoba mempublikasikan laporan keuangan, tidak hanya karena kewajiban perusahaan, tetapi pihak berkepentingan juga akan merasakan manfaat jika penyampaian laporan keuangan disampaikan tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 166, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 470, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2.1 Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Kompleksitas Operasi, Opini Audit dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Annisa (2018) dan Ulfa & Ardiana (2021) menemukan hasil audit tenure memiliki pengaruh negatif pada audit delay . Penelitian mengenai pengaruh kompleksitas operasi dilakukan Darmawan & Widhiyani (2017), Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018) dan Widyastuti & Astika (2017) menunjukkan kompleksitas operasi memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 517, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Safitri & Triani (2021) dan Sari & Sujana (2021) menunjukkan opini audit memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay . Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Penelitian yang dilakukan Clarisa & Pangerapan (2019) dan Harjanto (2017) menunjukkan hasil ukuran KAP memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 585, "width": 265, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2.2 Pengaruh Audit Tenure terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 470, "height": 164, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hubungan kerja yang lama antara auditor dengan perusahaan dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada auditor tentang karakteristik perusahaan sehingga mudah merancang program audit efektif dan mendapatkan keluaran laporan keuangan auditan berkualitas. Namun menurut Wulandari & Wiratmaja (2017) terdapat pengaruh positif antara audit tenure dan audit delay , diduga terkait dengan independensi auditor yang bisa berkurang karena semakin lama hubungan kerja dengan klien akan menimbulkan kedekatan pribadi antara auditor dan klien sehingga ada celah bagi KAP untuk menunda penyelesaian audit. Alasan kedua adalah auditor yang memiliki hubungan kerja yang relatif lama dengan perusahaan telah memahami karakteristik perusahaan dan uji kepatuhan perusahaan yang telah dilakukan membuat auditor berpikir untuk melakukan pengurangan auditor yang justru meterjadinya audit delay karena dengan kondisi perusahaan klien yang dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Annisa (2018) dan Ulfa & Ardiana (2021) menemukan hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 470, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "audit tenure memiliki pengaruh negatif pada audit delay dan Wulandari & Wiratmaja (2017) menyatakan audit tenure memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2.3 Pengaruh Kompleksitas Operasi terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 470, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkat kompleksitas operasi sebuah perusahaan akan memberikan pengaruh pengaruh pada waktu yang diperlukan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan audit hingga selesai. Penelitian yang dilakukan Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018) menunjukkan bahwa kompleksitas operasi berpengaruh terhadap audit delay. Perusahaan dengan tingkat kompleksitas operasi tinggi memerlukan penerapan audit yang lebih hati-hati sehingga memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama untuk pengujian substantif. Penelitian lain yang dilakukan Widyastuti & Astika (2017) dan Darmawan & Widhiyani (2017) dan juga menunjukkan kompleksitas operasi memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 258, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2.4 Pengaruh Opini Audit terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 470, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perusahaan yang mendapatkan opini selain wajar tanpa pengecualian akan mengalami audit delay yang lebih lama dibandingkan dengan perusahaan yang tidak memperoleh opini tersebut. Hal ini karena proses pemberian akan melibatkan negosiasi dengan klien serta konsultasi dengan mitra audit senior. Berbeda dengan perusahaan yang mendapat opini wajar tanpa pengecualian, dimana audit delay cenderung lebih singkat karena perusahaan tidak menunda dalam mempublikasikan laporan keuangannya. Peneltian yang dilakukan Lestari & Nuryatno (2018) menemukan hasil opini audit memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay . Safitri & Triani (2021) dan Sari & Sujana (2021) juga menunjukkan opini audit memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 384, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2.5 Pengaruh Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 470, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kantor Akuntan Publik yang memiliki kerja sama dengan KAP Big Four mempunyai lebih banyak auditor dan pegawai yang juga berkompeten sehingga mampu melaksanakan porses audit secara efisien dan cepat. Penelitian Dewi & Challen (2018) menunjukkan bahwa ukuran KAP memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa KAP Big Four memerlukan waktu yang tidak lama dalam melakukan audit secara efisien dan memiliki fleksibilitas waktu yang lebih tinggi selain juga memiliki sumber daya manusia dan pengalaman yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang lainnya. Penelitian Amin et al., (2021) menemukan ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) memiliki pengaruh positif pada audit delay . Penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh Harjanto (2017) menunjukkan ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Jenis dan Sumber Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 597, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan tahun 2017- 2020 yang telah diaudit oleh auditor independen. Laporan keuangan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi tahun 2017-2020 diperoleh dari situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia www.idx.co.id. dan melalui situs resmi perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 679, "width": 174, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 693, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Metode dokumentasi dilakukan melalui mengumpulkan laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang telah diaudit oleh auditor independen tahun 2017-2020. Laporan keuangan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan diperoleh dari situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia www.idx.co.id dan situs resmi perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 193, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 105, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2020. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling . Kriteria yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang tercatat berturut-turut di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017 sampai dengan 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 83, "top": 187, "width": 458, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Perusahaan menyampaikan laporan keuangan tahunan yang telah diaudit secara berurutan pada situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia dan situs resmi perusahaan periode 2017 sampai dengan 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 228, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan kriteria sampel yang ditetapkan, dari 23 perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang menjadi populasi, hanya 16 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria sampel dengan periode pengamatan 4 (empat) tahun secara berturut-turut dari tahun 2017-2020 sehingga diperoleh total pengamatan sebanyak 64 data pengamatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 296, "width": 318, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4 Definisi Operasional dan Pengukuran Variabel Penelitian 3.4.1 Variabel Dependen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 471, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Audit delay diukur berdasarkan jumlah hari dari tanggal akhir 31 Desember hingga tanggal yang tercatat dalam laporan auditor independen (Pratiwi & Wiratmaja, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 364, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4.2 Variabel Independen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 378, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Audit tenure (X 1 ) Audit tenure diukur dengan menghitung jumlah tahun perikatan perusahaan yang menggunakan jasa KAP, tahun pertama perikatan dimulai dengan angka 1 dan ditambah dengan satu untuk tahun-tahun berikutnya (Sawitri & Budiartha, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 167, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kompleksitas Operasi (X 2 )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 460, "width": 435, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kompleksitas operasi dilihat dengan membagi perusahaan yang memiliki anak perusahaan diberi kode 1 dan perusahaan yang tidak memiliki anak perusahaan diberi kode 0 (Widyastuti & Astika, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Opini Audit (X 3 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 528, "width": 435, "height": 68, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opini audit dihitung menggunakan skala ordinal dengan memberikan nilai 4 untuk opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian, nilai 3 untuk opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian dengan Bahasa Penjelasan, nilai 2 untuk opini Wajar Dengan Pengecualian, nilai 1 untuk opini Tidak Wajar dan nilai 0 untuk opini Tidak Memberikan Pendapat (Aryaningsih & Budiartha, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 610, "width": 247, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) (X 4 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 624, "width": 433, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ukuran KAP diukur dengan perusahaan yang menggunakan jasa KAP yang termasuk Big Four diberi kode 1 dan perusahaan yang tidak menggunakan jasa KAP Big Four diberi kode 0 (Clarisa & Pangerapan, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5 Metode Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 692, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5.1 Statistik Deskriptif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 706, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistik deskriptif memberikan deskripsi suatu data yang diperoleh dari nilai rata-rata ( mean ), standar deviasi, varian, maksimum, minimum, sum, range, kurtosis dan skewness (kemencengan distribusi) (Ghozali, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "112", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 104, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5.2 Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik merupakan persyaratan statistik yang harus dipenuhi pada analisis regresi linear berganda yang berbasis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) (Kurniawan, 2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik diantaranya uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji autokorelasi, dan uji heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 184, "width": 201, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5.3 Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis regresi linear berganda selain digunakan mengukur seberapa kuat hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih, analisis regresi linear berganda juga menunjukkan arah hubungan antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen (Ghozali, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 252, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5.4 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 266, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Simultan (Uji F)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Apabila nilai F hitung > F tabel , maka H 0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yang berarti variabel independen secara simultan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen. Apabila nilai F hitung < F tabel , maka H 0 diterima dan Ha ditolak yang berarti variabel independen secara simultan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 348, "width": 120, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Parsial (Uji t)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 361, "width": 436, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Apabila nilai t hitung > t tabel , dan tingkat signifik ansi (α = 5%) < 0,05 m aka H 0 ditolak yang berarti secara parsial variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen. Apabila nilai t hitung <t tabel , dan tingkat signifikansi (α = 5%) > 0,05 maka H 0 diterima yang berarti secara parsial variabel independen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 443, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 457, "width": 435, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 ) memiliki tujuan dalam mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan model mampu menjelaskan variasi variabel dependen (Ghozali, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 497, "width": 164, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 512, "width": 130, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Statistik Deskriptif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 526, "width": 369, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistik deskriptif penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 460, "height": 198, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Analisis Statistik Deskriptif Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Audit Delay 64 36 205 80.09 29.276 Audit Tenure 64 1 4 2.19 1.097 Kompleksitas Operasi 64 0 1 0.92 0.270 Opini Audit 64 3 4 3.66 0.479 Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) 64 0 1 0.11 0.315 Valid N (listwise) 64 Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 113", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 72, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Audit Delay", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 di atas menunjukkan bahwa waktu pelaksanaan audit paling cepat adalah selama 36 hari dan paling lama 205 hari dengan rata-rata 80,09 hari dan standar deviasi 29,276.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 146, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Audit Tenure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 456, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data statistik desktiptif pada tabel 2 di atas, rata-rata audit tenure adalah 2,19 dengan standar deviasi 1,097. Angka statistik menunjukkan bahwa angka minimum audit tenure adalah 1 dan angka maksimum audit tenure adalah 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 215, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kompleksitas Operasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 229, "width": 424, "height": 166, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Distribusi Frekuensi Kompleksitas Operasi Kompleksitas Operasi Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Tidak Memiliki Anak Perusahaan 5 7.8 7.8 7.8 Memiliki Anak Perusahaan 59 92.2 92.2 100.0 Total 64 100.0 100.0 Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis distribusi frekuensi kompleksitas operasi pada tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa sampel didominasi oleh perusahaan yang memiliki anak perusahaan. Perusahaan yang memiliki anak perusahaan sebanyak 59 dengan persentase 92,2%. Perusahaan yang tidak memiliki anak perusahaan sebanyak 5 dengan persentase 7,8 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 73, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Opini Audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 489, "width": 456, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 di atas menunjukkan bahwa angka minimum opini audit adalah 3 dan angka maksimum opini audit adalah 4. Rata-rata ( mean ) opini audit adalah 3,66 dengan standar deviasi 0,479.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 544, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 557, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 569, "width": 410, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Distribusi Frekuensi Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP ) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Tidak Menggunakan KAP Big Four 57 89.1 89.1 89.1 Memiliki Anak Perusahaan 7 10.9 10.9 100.0 Total 64 100.0 100.0 Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis yang ditunjukkan tabel 4 menunjukkan bahwa 57 tidak menggunakan KAP Big Four dengan persentase 89,1 persen dan 7 menggunakan KAP Big Four dengan persentase 10,9 persen. Berdasarkan statistik distribusi frekuensi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan tidak menggunakan KAP Big Four .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "114", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.1. Uji Normalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 107, "top": 106, "width": 280, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 109, "top": 133, "width": 401, "height": 173, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Unstandardized Residual N 64 Normal Parameters a,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation 24.60479109 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .104 Positive .104 Negative -.058 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .830 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .497", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 307, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 333, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5 hasil uji dengan menggunakan sampel yang berjumlah 64 data laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan, diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,497, yang berarti lebih besar dari 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa data dalam regresi telah terdistribusi secara normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 401, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.2. Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 415, "width": 386, "height": 173, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6 Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas Model Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) Audit Tenure .636 1.571 Kompleksitas Operasi .989 1.011 Opini Audit .602 1.660 Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) .924 1.082 Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 602, "width": 468, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6 menunjukkan nilai Tolerance masing masing variabel > 0,10 dan nilai VIF masing- masing variabel < 10 sehingga data penelitian ini bebas dari multikolinearitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2.3. Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 259, "top": 92, "width": 95, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7 Hasil Uji Runs Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 132, "width": 386, "height": 187, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unstandardized Residual Test Value a -.66421 Cases < Test Value 32 Cases >= Test Value 32 Total Cases 64 Number of Runs 32 Z -.252 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .801 Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 333, "width": 470, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji Run Test pada tabel 7 dapat dilihat bahwa nilai Asymp.Sig (2- tailed) sebesar 0,801 lebih besar > dari 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat gejala atau masalah autokorelasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 388, "width": 133, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3 Uji Hipotesis 4.3.1. Uji Simultan (Uji F)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 415, "width": 387, "height": 146, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9 Hasil Uji F ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 15857.506 4 3964.376 6.133 .000 b Residual 38139.932 59 646.440 Total 53997.437 63 a. Dependent Variable: Audit Delay b. Predictors: (Constant), Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP), Kompleksitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 112, "top": 562, "width": 162, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Operasi, Audit Tenure, Opini Audit Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 599, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis secara simultan didapat nilai F hitung 6,133 dan F tabel 2,53, karena F hitung > F tabel (6,133 > 2,53) maka H 1 diterima yang berarti variabel audit tenure , kompleksitas operasi, opini audit dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "116", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 148, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3.2 Hasil Uji Parsial (Uji t)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 92, "width": 356, "height": 201, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 10 Hasil Uji t Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 184.089 38.161 4.824 .000 Audit Tenure .831 3.662 .031 .227 .821 Kompleksitas Operasi -32.483 11.907 -.300 -2.728 .008 Opini Audit -20.255 8.622 -.331 -2.349 .022 Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) -16.558 10.594 -.178 -1.563 .123", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 294, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 319, "width": 299, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel uji parsial (uji t) pada tabel 10, dapat disimpulkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 333, "width": 452, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat signifikansi dari variabel audit tenure adalah 0,821 > 0,05 sehingga H 2 ditolak .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 360, "width": 452, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat signifikansi dari variabel kompleksitas operasi adalah 0,008 < 0,05 sehingga H 3 diterima .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 387, "width": 452, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat signifikansi dari variabel opini audit adalah 0,022 < 0,05, sehingga H 4 diterima .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 415, "width": 452, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat signifikansi dari variabel ukuran kantor akuntan publik adalah 0,123 > 0,05 sehingga H 5 ditolak .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 167, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3.3 Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 159, "top": 469, "width": 285, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 11 Hasil Koefisien Determinasi R 2 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .542 a .294 .246 25.425 Sumber: Output SPSS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai adjusted R 2 sebesar 0,246. Hal ini berarti 24,6% variasi audit delay mampu diterangkan oleh audit tenure , kompleksitas operasi, opini audit dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP), sedangkan 75,4% diterangkan oleh variabel independen lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 637, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 651, "width": 477, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4.1 Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Kompleksitas Operasi, Opini Audit dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) Terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 470, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2017-2020, diperoleh audit tenure yang beragam dimana diantaranya terdapat auditor yang memiliki masa perikatan audit yang lama seperti 3 tahun dan 4 tahun maupun auditor yang baru memiliki masa perikatan audit yang baru 1 tahun, perusahaan didominasi oleh perusahaan yang memiliki anak perusahaan dibandingkan dengan yang tidak memiliki anak perusahaan, Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 117", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Efek Indonesia yang mendapatkan opini wajar tanpa pengecualian mengalami audit delay yang lebih singkat daripada perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang memperoleh opini selain opini wajar tanpa pengecualian dan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan lebih banyak memakai KAP Non Big Four daripada KAP Big Four menunjukkan hasil penelitian dimana empat variabel independen di dalam penelitian ini yait audit tenure , kompleksitas operasi, opini audit dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 470, "height": 190, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4.2 Pengaruh Audit tenure terhadap Audit Delay Audit tenure yang beragam di perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan dimana auditor yang memiliki masa perikatan audit yang lama seperti 3 tahun dan 4 tahun maupun auditor yang baru memiliki masa perikatan audit yang baru 1 tahun tidak mempengaruhi terjadinya audit delay pada perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan. Audit tenure tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay dikarenakan auditor telah memiliki perhitungan dan rancangan dalam mengaudit laporan keuangan baik auditor yang telah memiliki masa perikatan audit yang lama seperti 3 tahun dan 4 tahun maupun auditor yang baru pertama kali mengaudit laporan keuangan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan. Auditor diharuskan bekerja secara profesional dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan auditnya. Hal ini dikarenakan bukan hanya keharusan dan tanggung jawab seorang auditor, namun adanya peraturan yang mengatur batas waktu penyampaian laporan perusahaan publik di Indonesia sehingga auditor yang memiliki audit tenure yang panjang maupun masa audit tenure singkat harus mengacu pada peraturan tersebut sehingga berusaha menyelesaikan proses auditnya secara tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 471, "height": 81, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dewi & Challen (2018), Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018), Safitri & Triani (2021) dan Sawitri & Budiartha (2018) yang menunjukkan audit tenure tidak memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay namun bertentangan dengan hasil penelitian Annisa (2018) dan Ulfa & Ardiana (2021) yang menemukan bahwa audit tenure memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay dan Wulandari & Wiratmaja (2017) yang menunjukkan audit tenure memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 475, "width": 304, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4.3 Pengaruh Kompleksitas Operasi Terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 470, "height": 178, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan didominasi oleh perusahaan yang memiliki anak perusahaan dibandingkan dengan yang tidak memiliki anak perusahaan. Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang memiliki anak perusahaan cenderung mempengaruhi audit delay , baik mengalami audit delay singkat maupun lama. Kompleksitas operasi cenderung mempengaruhi waktu yang diperlukan auditor dalam proses penyelesaian penugasan audit, hal tersebut mempengaruhi penyampaian laporan keuangan secara tepat waktu oleh perusahaan. Menurut Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018) tingkat kompleksitas operasi yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan memerlukan implementasi prosedur audit bersifat yang lebih hati-hati sehingga membutuhkan banyak waktu dalam pengujian substantif. Tingkat kompleksitas operasi yang tinggi menunjukkan adanya resiko bawaan dan pengendalian yang tinggi. Auditor perlu menetapkan ruang sampel yang lebih luas untuk mengurangi resiko bawaan dan pengendalian ini. Masa penyelesaian audit akan menjadi lama akibat adanya penambahan ruang sampel sehingga mempengaruhi audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 666, "width": 470, "height": 82, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Darmawan & Widhiyani (2017), Pratiwi & Wiratmaja (2018) dan Widyastuti & Astika (2017) yang menyatakan bahwa kompleksitas operasi berpengaruh terhadap audit delay namun bertentangan dengan hasil penelitian Dewi & Challen (2018), Rubianto (2017), dan Safitri & Triani (2021) yang menemukan kompleksitas operasi tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "118", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 253, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4.4 Pengaruh Opini Audit Terhadap Audit Delay", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 470, "height": 110, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang mendapatkan opini wajar tanpa pengecualian mengalami audit delay yang cenderung singkat dibandingkan perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang memperoleh opini selain opini wajar tanpa pengecualian dimana mengalami audit delay yang lebih lama. Perusahaan yang mendapatkan opini audit selain wajar tanpa pengecualian akan mengalami audit delay dikarenakan auditor akan melakukan negosiasi dengan klien serta melakukan konsultasi dengan mitra audit senior. Proses ini akan membutuhkan waktu sehingga akan terjadinya audit delay pada perusahaan yang memperoleh opini audit selain wajar tanpa pengecualian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 202, "width": 470, "height": 137, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Safitri & Triani (2021) opini auditor merupakan salah satu sinyal bagi investor dalam mengetahui keadaan perusahaan. Opini audit yang memiliki potensi memberikan berita buruk untuk perusahaan akan mendorong auditor untuk menyelesaikan temuan dengan cara bernegosiasi atau melakukan diskusi dengan pihak-pihak terkait. Auditor diharapkan akan memperluas proses audit ketika mereka menemukan atau mencurigai adanya penyimpangan dan membutuhkan waktu yang tidak sedikit. Menurut Sari & Sujana (2021) teori kepatuhan berkaitan dengan variabel opini audit, dimana hasil pemeriksaan atau pendapat auditor akan berpengaruh pada lama atau tidaknya laporan audit diberikan yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadi audit delay apabila terjadi keterlambatan pada saat proses proses penyampaian dikarenakan opini yang diberikan tidak sesuai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 339, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Safitri & Triani (2021) dan Sari & Sujana (2021) menemukan hasil opini audit berpengaruh terhadap audit delay . Namun bertentangan dengan penelitian Amin et al., (2021) Apriani & Suharti (2019), Saputra et al., (2020) yang menemukan opini audit tidak memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 470, "height": 95, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4.5 Pengaruh Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) Terhadap Audit Delay Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang tidak menggunakan KAP Big Four adalah sebanyak 89,1% dan yang menggunakan KAP Big Four adalah 10,9%. Perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan dalam periode 2017 hingga 2020 mayoritas tidak menggunakan KAP Big Four dibandingkan yang menggunakan KAP Big Four . Namun demikian, baik perusahaan yang menggunakan KAP Big Four dan yang tidak menggunakan KAP Big Four cenderung mengalami audit delay yang tidak jauh berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 503, "width": 471, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay dikarenakan baik Kantor Akuntan Publik yang terafiliasi dengan KAP Big Four maupun Kantor Akuntan Publik yang tidak terafiliasi dengan KAP Big Four mengacu pada standar yang sama sesuai Standar Profesi Akuntan Publik dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan auditnya. Kantor Akuntan Publik yang terafiliasi dengan KAP Big Four maupun yang tidak terafiliasi dengan KAP Big Four berusaha memberikan jasa dan pelayanan yang baik dan juga berusaha menjaga reputasi dan nama baik Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) mereka masing masing sehingga tidak kehilangan klien yang bekerja sama dengan mereka. Menurut Putra & Wilopo (2017) ukuran KAP tidak memiliki pengaruh pada audit delay karena KAP Big Four dan KAP Non Big Four mengikuti standar yang sama sesuai standar profesi akuntan publik dan persaingan antara KAP yang meningkat. Setiap kantor akuntan publik berupaya menjaga reputasi KAP masing- masing dengan cara memperlihatkan profesionalismenya pada saat bertugas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Apriani & Rahmanto (2017), Putra & Wilopo (2017), Utami et al., (2018) dan Ratnasari & Yennisa (2017) menemukan bahwa ukuran kantor akuntan publik tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit delay . Namun bertentangan dengan penelitian Clarisa & Pangerapan (2019) dan Harjanto (2017) menemukan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) berpengaruh terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 29, "width": 307, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Buana Akuntansi, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022): 106-121 119", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 93, "width": 98, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.1 Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 106, "width": 471, "height": 82, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, maka kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah audit tenure , kompleksitas operasi, opini audit, dan ukuran kantor akuntan publik (KAP) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2020. Kompleksitas operasi dan opini audit berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap audit delay . Audit tenure dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 202, "width": 154, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 215, "width": 470, "height": 82, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini mempunyai beberapa keterbatasan atau kelemahan antara lain penelitian ini hanya menggunakan empat variabel independen. Variabel lain yang diduga mempunyai pengaruh tidak diuji dalam penelitian ini. Keterbatasan selanjutnya adalah penelitian ini hanya mengamati perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi bangunan yang tidak mewakili seluruh perusahaan dan hanya melakukan pengamatan dalam jangka 4 tahun yang belum cukup lama untuk melihat ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 311, "width": 66, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.3 Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 325, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran yang diberikan oleh peneliti antara lain, penelitian selanjutnya dapat menguji variabel independen lain yang diduga memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit delay seperti ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, umur listing , pergantian auditor, financial distress dan auditor internal. Saran berikutnya adalah menggunakan sampel yang lebih luas dan diharapkan menggunakan periode waktu pengamatan yang lebih panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 406, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 492, "height": 54, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Amin, A., Mauludin, H., & Suwitawayansari, E. (2021). The Impact of Firm Size on the Effect of Industry Specialization , Audit Opinion and the Size of a Public Accounting Firm (KAP) on Audit Delay in Mining Companies. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting , 21 (18), 65 – 74.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 470, "height": 81, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Annisa, D. (2018). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Jenis Opini Auditor, Ukuran Kap Dan Audit Tenure Terhadap Audit Delay. Jurnal Akuntansi Berkelanjutan Indonesia , 1 (1), 108-121 Apriani, S., & Rahmanto, B. T. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik (Kap) Terhadap Audit Delay Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Periode 2010 – 2014. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT , 2 (9), 261 – 270.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 558, "width": 470, "height": 81, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Apriani, & Suharti. (2019). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay Pada Perusahaan LQ45 yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017. Kurs: Jurnal Akuntansi, Kewirausahaan Dan Bisnis , 4 (2), 244 – 257. Arief, A. M. (2021). Akhirnya Zona Positif, Kuartal II/2021 Konstruksi Tumbuh 5,67 Persen . https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20210805/45/1426247/akhirnya-zona-positif-kuartal- ii2021-konstruksi-tumbuh-567-persen (Diakses pada 11 November 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 470, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aryaningsih, N. N. D., & Budiartha, I. K. (2014). Pengaruh Total Aset, Tingkat Solvabilitas dan Opini Audit Pada Audit Delay. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 7 (3), 747-760.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 470, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Astuti, W. A., & Surtikanti. (2021). Akuntansi Keuangan Pemahaman Perhitungan dan Pencatatan Akuntansi Keuangan . Bandung: Rekayasa Sains.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 470, "height": 68, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahri, S., & Amnia, R. (2020). Effects of Company Size, Profitability, Solvability and Audit Opinion on Audit Delay. Journal of Auditing, Finance, and Forensic Accounting , 8 (1), 27 – 35. Clarisa, S., & Pangerapan, S. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Solvabilitas, Profitabilitas, Dan Ukuran Kap Terhadap Audit Delay Pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 30, "width": 13, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "120", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 30, "width": 328, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilal Al Ambia, Afrizal, Riski Hernando /Jurnal Buana Akuntansi Vol. 7, No.2 (2022): 106-121", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 78, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan Akuntansi , 7 (3), 3069 – 3078.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 471, "height": 40, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Darmawan, I. P. Y., & Widhiyani, N. L. S. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Kompleksitas Operasi Perusahaan Dan Komite Audit Pada Audit Delay. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 21 (1), 254 – 282.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi, I. P., & Challen, A. E. (2018). Pengaruh Kompleksitas Operasi Perusahaan, Ukuran Kap dan Audit Tenure terhadap Audit Delay. Majalah Sainstekes , 5 (2), 101 – 111. Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 Edisi 9 . Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 416, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani, F., & Yuniastuti, W. (2020). Konstruksi Dalam Angka 2020 . Jakarta: BPS RI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 201, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Harjanto, K. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik terhadap Audit Delay. Jurnal ULTIMA Accounting , 9 (2), 33 – 49. Kurniawan, A. (2019). Metode Riset Untuk Ekonomi & Bisnis Teori, Konsep, dan Praktik Penelitian Bisnis (Dilengkapi Perhitungan Pengolahan Data dengan IBM SPSS 26.0) . Bandung: Alfabeta. Martani, D., Siregar, S. V., Wardhani, R., Faramita, A., & Tanujaya, E. (2018). Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah Berbasis PSAK Edisi 2 Buku 1 . Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 29/POJK.04/2016 tentang Laporan Tahunan Emiten atau Perusahaan Publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 311, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prabasari, I. G. A. A., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2017). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Komite Audit Pada Audit Delay yang Dimoderasi oleh Reputasi KAP. E- Jurnal Akuntansi , 20 (2), 1704 – 1733.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pratiwi, C. I. E., & Wiratmaja, I. D. (2018). Pengaruh Audit Tenure Dan Kompleksitas Operasi Terhadap Audit Delay Perusahaan Pertambangan di BEI Tahun 2013-2016. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 24 (3), 1964 – 1989.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Putra, V. A., & Wilopo, R. (2017). The Effect of Company Size, Accounting Firm Size, Solvency, Auditor Switching, and Audit Opinion on Audit Delay. The Indonesian Accounting Review , 7 (1), 119-130.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 470, "height": 26, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ratnasari, S. N., & Yennisa. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Ukuran Kap Dan Auditor Internal Terhadap Audit Delay. Jurnal Akuntansi , 5 (2), 159 – 166.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 461, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rubianto, A. V. (2017). The Analysis on Factors Affecting Audit Delay on Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen , 2 (3), 205 – 214.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 502, "width": 470, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Safitri, R. D., & Triani, N. N. A. (2021). Factors that Influence Audit Delay in the Trade, Service, and Investment Sector that Listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 23 (1), 41 – 50.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saputra, A. D., Irawan, C. R., & Ginting, W. A. (2020). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Opini Audit, Umur Perusahaan, Profitabilitas dan Solvabilitas Terhadap Audit Delay. Owner (Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi) , 4 (2), 286-295.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 470, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sari, N. K. M. A., & Sujana, E. (2021). Pengaruh Reputasi KAP, Opini Audit, Profitabilitas, dan Kompleksitas Operasi Perusahaan Terhadap Audit Delay (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2015-2017). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi , 12 (02), 557 – 568.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 470, "height": 95, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sawitri, N. M. D. C., & Budiartha, I. K. (2018). Pengaruh Audit Tenure dan Financial Distress pada Audit Delay dengan Spesialisasi Auditor Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. 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[ { "left": 103, "top": 38, "width": 406, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 1", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 117, "width": 381, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu Palembang Mengadopsi Bahasa Arab Fusshah dalam Naskah Palembang Tahun 1842", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 245, "top": 149, "width": 138, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Pendekatan Filologis)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 266, "top": 175, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 206, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 219, "width": 337, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guna memelihara dan mengembangkan bahasa Melayu, menuju tercapainya mimpi besar membangun peradaban Islam Melayu Nusantara, maka perlu menggali bahasa Melayu yang mendasari bahasa Indonesia sebelum Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928 dan yang dipakai sebagai lingua franca selama berabad-abad 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 288, "width": 338, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebelumnya di seluruh kawasan Nusantara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mengutamakan penjelasan, uraian, dan analisa terhadap suatu peristiwa atau proses kegiatan termasuk terhadap dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Naskah yang ditulis pada tahun 1842 berjudul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 355, "width": 340, "height": 221, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "― ‟Athiyatu r-Rahman fi Bayani Qowa‟idi l-Iman ‖ oleh Kemas Muhammad Azhari bin Abdullah bin Ahmad Alfalimbani (1811- 1874) di kota Makkah dengan huruf dan angka Jawi. Dalam naskah cetakan Makkah secara jelas disebutkannya bahasa Melayu Palembang yang digunakan dalam mengarang kitabnya tersebut. Bahasa Melayu Palembang, sebagaimana bahasa Melayu lainnya, pada awalnya merupakan bahasa Isyarat, dan berkembang sebagai Lisan, dan bahasa Tulis. Bahasa Melayu Palembang termasuk sebagai bahasa persatuan pada masa itu, bahkan hingga kini, terutama dalam mempersatukan beragam bahasa suku di Sumatera Selatan dan daerah sekitarnya, yang dipakai dalam pergaulan atau hubungan antara suku-suku bangsa yang ada di negara tersebut, seperti di Nusantara. Dalam menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang ini, hampir semua huruf Arab dipinjam, baik untuk menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang itu sendiri maupun konsep ajaran agama Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 593, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 608, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagian besar sarjana dan peneliti yang mengkaji Islam di kawasan Nusantara sependapat, sejak era formatif pada masa awalnya, Islam memainkan peran penting dalam perjalanan sejarah, sosial budaya , intelektual, politik, dan ekonomi Nusantara atau Asia Tenggara umumnya. Dalam kontek ini, Judith Nagara, ahli Islam Asia Tenggara, menyimpulkan :‖ It is almost imposisible to think of Malay without reference to Islam‖ 1986. Begitu juga Ernest Gellner yang menyatakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Dosen bahasa Arab dan bahasa Melayu Palembang pada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Raden Fatah Palembang.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 745, "width": 357, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Hasan Alwi dan Dendy Sugono, Politik Bahasa, BP2B, Kemendikbud, Jakarta, 2011: 5.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 2", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 399, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam telah menjadi cara hidup dan sebagai ‗hight culture‘ oleh masyarakat Muslim pribumi, termasuk di Nusantar (1983). 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 144, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kajian tentang sosio-intelektualisme dan peradaban Islam Nusantara, khususnya pada masa-masa awal dan kolonial mestilah memerlukan berbagai sumber sejak dari sumber Eropa, China, Arab dan Persia. Semua sumber asing ini memerlukan treatment khusus, karena adanya masalah –masalah di dalamnya, sejak dari persepsi yang bias terhadap Islam di Nusantara sampai kepada penyebutan nama yang sulit diidentifikasi. Karena itu, sumber-sumber asing ini harus tidak dipandang sebagai paling akurat; sebaliknya mesti ditangani dengan sikap kritis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 254, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber-sumber lokal, dalam bentuk ‗tradisional historical account‘ seperti ‗sejarah‘, hikayat,‘babat‘, tambo dan semacamnya pasti juga merupakan sumber penting dalam rekonstruksi sejarah dinamika sosio-intelektual Islam Nusantara, yang kemudian memunculkan peradaban Islam yang khas vis-a-vis wilayah- wilayah peradaban Islam lainnya. Sama seperti sumber-sumber asing, sumber- sumber lokal ini juga memerlukan penanganan dan pendekatan khusus, karena ia juga mengandung problema tertentu semacam akurasi data, mitologisasi dan semacamnya yang mesti ditapis secara cermat.Yang tidak kurang pentingnya dalam pelacakan dan rekonstruksi intelektualisme Islam Nusantara adalah naskah- naskah baik yang sudah diedit dan dicetak maupun belum tercetak. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 392, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Arab tidak dapat dipisahkan dari Islam, bahkan bahasa ini sering disebut sebagai bahasa Islam. Penyebaran agama Islam ke berbagai penjuru dunia juga disertai dengan penyebaran bahasa Arab. Demikian pula yang terjadi di Nusantara. Naskah Melayu adalah salah satu bukti yang telah memainkan peran penting dalam perjalanan sejarah, terutama dalam membangun sosial budaya , dan intelektual, yang bukan saja telah mampu mencerdaskan rakyat, menggali pengetahuan sosial kemasyarakatan dan mengembangkannya sejak abad ke-17 M hingga masa kemerdekaan, bahkan sekarang dapat menguatkan identitas bangsa. Tulisan Arab-Melayu menjadi khazanah ilmu pengetahuan Islam di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 516, "width": 399, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia. Namun sayang, setelah merdeka, ada usaha mengganti identitas bangsa dengan lainnya. Upaya ke arah itu, dilanjutkan dengan menghapuskan pengajaran membaca dan mengarang serta berhitung dalam angkadan aksra Jawi dari kurikulum pendidikan nasional. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 572, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. Irfan Shofwanni menuliskan sbb:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 585, "width": 364, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pergeseran penggunaan huruf Jawi/ Arab Pegon menjadi huruf Latin, dimulai saat Kemal Attaturk yang dikenal dengan sebutan bapak Turki Modern menggulingkan kekuasaan Khilafah Usmaniyah terakhir, Sultan Hamid II, pada 1924. Kongres bahasa yang diadakan di Singapura pada 1950-an memperkuat kedudukan huruf Latin. Salah satu keputusan dalam kongres tersebut menghasilkan pembentukan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia yang memelopori dan mengompori penggunaan abjad Latin. Saat itulah hampir semua penerbit koran, majalah, dan buku dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 711, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 (Azyumardi Azra, Islam dan Penguatan Peradaban Nusantara, IAIN.RF.Palembang, 2011: 1).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 214, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (Azyumardi Azra, Palembang, IAIN RF. 2011:1-2).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Tahun 1964, penulis masih mengalami belajar menulis dan membaca huruf dan angka Jawi ketika duduk di kelas 5 Sekolah Rakyat No. 31 di Palembang yang dijarkan oleh pak Ruslan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 38, "width": 406, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 364, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terpaksa mengganti aksara Arab Pegon dengan huruf Latin. Namun, penggunaan tulisan Arab Pegon hingga kini masih digunakan pada beberapa produk makanan di kawasan dunia Melayu (Malaysia, Thailand Selatan, Brunei Darussalam, dan beberapa wilayah di Indonesia). Dapat dipastikan, terdapat tulisan Arab Pegon dalam kemasannya. Batu Bersurat Terengganu... ‖ 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 210, "width": 401, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shofwani menuliskan dalam bukunya 7 , bahwa sejarah peralihan penggunaan huruf dan angka Jawi kepada huruf Rumawi di tanah Melayu dimulai sejak awal abad ke-20 M. , dengan alasan modernisasi. Ia mengambil kebijaksanaan radikal dan mendasar. Ia berusaha menghilangkan semua simbol kearaban dan menggantikannya dengan simbol-simbol Barat. Semua aktivitas , termasuk shalat dan ibadah-ibadah lain dalam Islam, dilarang menggunakan bahasa Arab. Hal ini tidak mengherankan jika melihat kenyataan bahwa Kemal Attaturk mendapat dukungan dari zionisme dan gerakan komunis internasional saat itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 337, "width": 400, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di tahun 1950-an, sebuah kongres bahasa yang diadakan di Singapura mengeluarkan sebuah resolusi (keputusan) agar tulisan Rumawi menjadi tulisan kebangsaan Melayu usulan dari sastrawan angkatan muda Melayu yang mendapat dukungan kuatdari delegasi Indonesia pimpinan Dr. Parjono, seorang intelektual Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) saat itu. Seperti dimaklumi bersama, gerakan Komuniskala itu memusuhi Islam, yang dianggapnya hanya sebagai agama dan budaya orang Arab, karena itu mereka bertekad untuk menasionalkan tulisan Arab Melayu. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 447, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implikasi dari adanya kebijaksanaan pemerintah NKRI pada tahun 1950- an tersebut, generasi muda Muslim terjauh dari budaya aslinya. Sampai kini, kalau akan meneliti sastra Melayu, katalog yang disebut masih sekitar Van Rokel (1909, 1921), Howard (1966), Juynboll (1899), Ricklaefs (1977), dan Sutarga (1972). Katalog-katalog itu belum mencukupi karena baru mendata naskah-naskah yang disimpan di suatu lembaga saja. Padahal, pada kenyataannya, seperti yang sudah dikatakan di atas, naskah Indonesia, khususnya Melayu, masih banyak yang terbengkalai, terutama naskah-naskah yang disimpan oleh perorangan dan yayasan-yayasan di daerah. Dalam beberapa naskah tersebut, ada yang menggunakan bahasa Melayu Minangkabau, Lampung, Betawi, bahasa Melayu Palembang dan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 599, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya golongan yang berjuang keras hendak menjauhkan sebagian besar anak bangsa, terutama generasi muda masyarakat Muslim dari budaya aslinya sebagai pewaris yang sah, telah disambut oleh beberapa tokoh intelektual peduli budaya Melayu dengan menyusun buku ― Bunga Rampai: Kitab Bacaan Kesusasteraan Lama, dan Latihan Membaca Huruf Arab untuk S.M.A Sastra,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 399, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/09/06/24/58687-abjad-arab-dalam- penulisan . Diakses tgl.02 juni 2017. Maksudnya penguasa di Trenggannu, Malaysia Timur sejak awal sudah ada menggunakan aksara dan angka Jawi..", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 337, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Shofwani menuliskan dalam bukunya , Mengenal Tulisan Arab Melayu (2005: 11)", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Masyhur, dkk., Studi Tentang Pemahaman Terhadap TULISAN JAWI Mahasiswa dan Dosen Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Raden Fatah Palembang; 2016: 29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 4", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S.G.A., dan Sekolah Lanjut Lainnya yang dilakukan oleh R. Djoerban Wachid, diterbitkan di Jogjakarta, 31 Mare5t 1955.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 144, "width": 402, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun 1974-an, penulis mendapat tugas orang tua untuk membuat silsilah keluarga Baba Palembang keturunan anak raja China. Dalam usaha mendapatkan informasi lisan dan naskah, hampir seluruhnya beraksara Jawi. Hampir seperempat abad kemudian, baru ada peluang melakukan kegiatan penelitian. Naskah yang ditulis pada tahun 1842 berjudul ― ‟Athiyatu r-Rahman fi Bayani Qowa‟idi l-Iman ‖ oleh Kemas Muhammad Azhari bin Abdullah bin Ahmad Alfalimbani (1811-1874) di kota Makkah dengan huruf dan angka Jawi. Naskah ini diterbitkan setelah wafat beliau di Makkah. Walaupun demikian, naskah salinan tulisan tangan dari murid beliau di Baturaja Timur tahun 1864 hingga kini masih utuh, tersimpan pada Kemas Andi Syarifuddin Ibrahim, S.Ag, salah seorang budayawan Palembang bermukim di 19 Ilir Palembang. Dalam naskah cetakan Makkah secara jelas disebutkannya bahasa Melayu Palembang yang digunakan dalam mengarang kitabnya tersebut pada halaman 3 baris 7 hingga 10 sbb:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 334, "width": 403, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "‖... beberapa guruku dari pada ‗ulama` u l- a‘lām ṭolaba minnī al qōsidu al ‗āni an uqoyyidahā bi lisāni l-jāwi al-Fālimbāni telah menuntut dari padaku oleh yang menyehaja dan yang berkehendak bahwa aku ikutkan akan dia dengan bahasa Melayu Palembang li ya‘umma n-naf‘u bihā ‗alal muslimin siyyamā liman kāna fahmuhu mitsla ... ‖,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu Palembang sebagai salah satu bahasa pemersatu bangsa, selanjutnya tumbuh dan berkembang hingga menjadi bahasa Nasional di NKRI hingga kini. Tetapi dalam beberapa buku, dinyatakan, bahwa cikal bakal bahasa Indonesia adalah bahasa Melayu Riau. Sebagaimana layaknya sebuah sistem bahasa, maka bahasa Melayu Palembang dapat ditinjau dari berbagai unsur bahasa, yaitu: 1) morfologi; 2) semantik; 3) syintaksis; 4) fonetik; 5) ethimologi, dan 6) filologi. (Azim Amin, dkk., Tata Bahasa dan Kamus Baso Pelembang, Januari, 2010: 1-7)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 528, "width": 357, "height": 220, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "―Filologi bukan sebuah tujuan, hanya suatu peralatan‖, Demikian Henri Chambert-Loir, filolog Melayu asal Prancis. .. karenanya bukan piranti eksklusif yang hanya boleh digunakan oleh sejumlah kecil ahli – peneliti dan mahasiswa- peminat naskah kuno belaka, yang sibuk menganalisa ―hal-hal sepele‖ , atau remeh-remeh‖ menurut istilah Chambert- Loir, seperti perbedaan huruf, cara mentranskripsi huruf, menemukan titik yang hilang dari sebuah huruf, ditambah pengetahuan kodikologi untuk menerawang warna kertas dan cap air, mengukur panjang lebar teks, - pias, iluminasi-, dan lain-lain. Lebih dari itu, filologi harus boleh digunakan oleh sarjana dari berbagai disiplin ilmu, sebagai ―peralatan‖ untuk sampai pada tujuan penelitiannya. Filologi sebagai alat, semacam pisau, yang bisa dipakai oleh siapapun yang membutuhkan pisau itu, apapun profesinya.. tentu saja akan ada perbedaan ketika seorang filolog mengutak-atik naskah dan teks sebagai sumber utama penelitiannya, dengan seorang pengkaji naskah lain, sejarawan misalnya, yang hanya ‗meminjam‖ pisau yang bernama filologi itu sebagai salah satu alat untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 38, "width": 406, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 156, "top": 116, "width": 357, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memaknai sumber tertulis atau teks yang ada di hadapannya serta mempertajam hasil analisisnya. Secara etimologis, pengertian filologi pada abad ke-16 M, dipahami sebagai ―menyukai kesusatraan‖. Pada abad ke-19 M, juga dipahami dalam pengertian sebagai ―kajian atas sejarah perkembangan bahasa (the study of the historical development of languages‖. ..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 402, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sungguhpun telah ada yang meneliti bahasa Melayu Palembang, tetapi hingga kini, belum diketahui seperti apa nian bahasa Melayu Palembang yang tertulis dalam naskah kitab ―Athiyah al-Rahman‖ sebagai salah satu karya tulis abad pertengahan ke-19 M di Palembang. Baik bahasa Melayu Palembang asli maupun bahasa Melayu yang dipinjam dari bahasa Arab Fushha (standar) sebagai bahasa kajian para intelektual masa itu. Selain akan melihatnya dari sudut lafaz dan maknanya, juga cara menuliskannya dengan huruf Jawi pada masa itu, sebab masyarakat mengenal aksara Latin setelah Palembang dijajah bangsa asing; Belanda dan sekutunya asal benua Eropa dan Australia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mencermati beberapa halaman dan baris bahasa Melayu Palembang yang dituliskan dalam naskah diatas, maka dalam penelitian ini akan dibatasi pada bahasan rukun iman ke-5 yang berfokus pada seberapa banyak kosa kata bahasa Melayu Palembang yang mengadopsi bahasa Arab dengan aksara Jawi dalam naskah yang membahas qo’idah ke lima/ enam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 406, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kajian Teoritik Bahasa Melayu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 422, "width": 403, "height": 218, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kerangka teoritik ini, guna memelihara dan mengembangkan bahasa 9 Melayu, menuju tercapainya mimpi besar membangun peradaban Islam Melayu Nusantara, maka perlu menggali bahasa Melayu yang mendasari bahasa Indonesia sebelum Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928 dan yang dipakai sebagai lingua franca selama berabad-abad 10 sebelumnya di seluruh kawasan Nusantara. Bahasa Melayu telah digunakan beberapa intelektual kita; yang diperkaya oleh bahasa Arab dalam rangka membangun akhlaq umat/ bangsa. Penggunaan bahasa tulis yang sudah dipelopori oleh para intelektualnya. Terutama dalam beberapa istilah atau konsep ajaran agama Islam, sebab menjelaskan konsep agama Islam dengan bahasa terjemahan kurang efektif, tetapi dengan menuliskan dengan aksara asli, bukan dengan meng transkripsi kan, dilanjutkan dengan penjelasannya dengan mengggunakan aksara Jawi sebagai aksara pinjaman, baik huruf maupun angkanya. Terutama ketika mengkaji konsep tersebut yang memerlukan rujukan kitab-kitab asli masa lalu dalam menemukan pemahaman masa kini tanpa kehilangan ruh agamisnya, dan lebih efektif. Terutama dalam membahas konsep ajaran Keesaan Tuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 643, "width": 399, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara ini sudah dilakukan oleh para intelektual kita, dalam menggali nilai- nilai itu, adalah tepat dengan mengkaji dan menggali kembali karya tulis mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 402, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Adalah semua ucapan, pikiran dan perasaan manusia yang teratur, disampaikan dengan bunyi, isyarat, ataupun penyampai lainnya, yang berfungsi menyampaikan gagasan atau maksud hatinya kepada orang lain di sekitarnya, baik dalam bentuk bahasa lisan, tulis , dan bahasa isyarat. Ragamnya terdiri dari bahasa-bahasa: resmi, daerah, persatuan, rumah tangga, dan bahasa golongan. (Munir dkk, 2013: 4-5).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 745, "width": 360, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Hasan Alwi dan Dendy Sugono, Politik Bahasa, BP2B, Kemendikbud, Jakarta, 2011: 5.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 6", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara mereka kita lestarikan, sambil menemukan cara lain yang lebih efektif lagi. Untuk mengejar dan menguasai ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, disamping menguasai aksara Latin, diusahakan aksara Jawi rumah di Indonesia dengan menemukan kata padannya dan menciptakan huruf pinjaman baru dari huruf Jawi. Tak terbatas pada huruf jim, ghain, kaff, nun dan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 185, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu Palembang adalah bahasa tutur, ketika ikhtiar kegiatan perniagaan dan dakwah Islam di Nusantara semakin berkembang, maka dipinjamlah angka Arab dan hurufnya untuk menuliskan beberapa pesananbarang dan jasa serta lainnya yang dibutuhkan oleh para saudagar dan penguasa setempat guna untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan penghidupan sehari-hari. Di bawah ini sejumlah kata dan kalimat dalam naskah Palembang berhuruf dan angka Jawi yang disalin kembali sbb:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 282, "width": 402, "height": 303, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Huruf dan angka Melayu sebelum bangsa ini mengenal aksara dan angka Romawi Transkrif Tulisan SMAF dalam naskahnya 1842 Halaman 15fasal rukun iman ke-6 ؾشد ُلس شخا ٗؽر يٚا olehmu, itu, ،اٛرا،ادا ،ٞذٕوبٙغؽِ ،دب١ر ،غاسؤع،َبع ،الله،يصا،ذ٠ا،ٌُٙٚا 11 ٓرداسا،ْبّ٠ا،ٓ٠ا ،ٝـبزر ٓوا،ٌٗادا ، ،ٖسبزٔا،ٓ١رسا،هثادا ،بٙعا ْبّفِا،ْٛفِا،ٌٗٛز٠ا ،ةدا، ،ْٛفز٠ا،ْٛـادا،خ٠ا ٚ خٕغٌا ً٘ا ،غاسٚا،خعبّجٌا ،ً١جـا،ٝوبث،ٓ١ؼا ا 1 bahwasanya ،تّ٘ ،ٓراٛثشـ،ٛولاشجؽ٠ ،ٓى١ججو ،ٓوبغؽثد،ٞشجِّ ػٍ١جع،حششبجِ 2 ، ،ظىث،ٓعاٛٙث ة،ٚشٙث،ٓ١وبجغؼسبث ،ػ١ؼسبث ،غاسبث،ػٌا ،ٓلاذٕٙىع ػ١ؼاسبث،ٕٓطبث،هئبث ٞا ٝئبٕؽِ شغث،ٛى٠ذٕوا 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 384, "top": 571, "width": 71, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "طبث، ْبث،ؾاشجث،خعذث،ي ،ػٕث ،ق", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 243, "top": 489, "width": 285, "height": 179, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ة 2 ،ذ٠ا ،حشع،حشفع ،ْأزوشـ ،حٛزِٕٕ ،ٞذٕىٍىؽِٕ ،حٛجعشزؽ٠ ،ؾٛ١رد دبر،ٝـبزر،ـزفّر ٓؼبر،ٓ٘ٛر،ْبِاشو ٌٗٛـ ٗجٛر ، اٚد 12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 613, "width": 402, "height": 70, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "،دب١ر، د 3 Ś ،ٓىزجثبِ س 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 711, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Hitam-merah: 15; biru-coklat: 16; hijau-ungu: 17; hitam-merah bergaris b:18; biru-coklat bergaris b: 19;", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 72 golongan tak selamat, hanya satu golongan saja yaitu‖ahlussunnah wal jama‘ah‖, jadi semuanya berkembang jd 73 golongan;", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 38, "width": 406, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 7", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 402, "height": 238, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "،ٕٓى٠دبجد ،ٓربٙجو ٓى٠دبجِٕ ،سٛججِ،ذ٘بج،اٛج ،خعبّجٌا ج 5 C ،خ٠شجج،هج ج Ḥ ،ٓزم١مد،ُىد ح 6 Kh ،سبزخِ،سب١زخا ر 7 Dan, daripada, ذـسد ،قدٚد ،ٞش٠دشث ،ُ٠د،ٌُادد،ذـسد،ْاد ،ػٌاد،ُ٠ش٠د،ٓ١ىِد د 8 Ż ،ت٘زِ ر 9 R ،شفو ،ٓ١ئبضشود س 10 Z ،بٔص ص 11 S; menyekutui, ٓ٘سٛعد،ٓوساذٕعد ،ٓ٘لاعشث ، ٖٛىؽعشث 2 ، ،ٜٛزىِٕ ،ًىع،ٛواسادٛع يبىع،حشع،حشفع 2 ، ،ػ١ٙجّع،داٛغع ٍٟىع،بٔشفّع،خٕغٌا ،ْ ٖٛىؽع،ذغع 2 ،ٌٗ ،َبع", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 256, "width": 409, "height": 455, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ط 21 Sy ،نششِ ،هش،ْاذٙش،عشش ػ 99 Ṣ ،خج١صِ ،خ١ذص ص 100 Ḍ ،ٝٔاشصٔ ص 199 Ṭ ،قلاطا ،خعبط ط 999 Ẓ ،ْش٘بظ ظ 1000 ‗- ،ٕٓودبمزعاد ،ٌٝبعر ،ًلبع،كٍعر،ًّع ،ٌُبع،ءبٍّع،دبمزعا ع 1999 G ٓؼد غ 2000 Ng ،غاسٚا ،ػ٠ غ ا- 1 F ،ٗ١ٍ١ِّ،حشفع ،ػىـشـذؽ٠ ؿ١رذـ ،ٓراٛثشـ 2 ، ،ٍٗ١ـ ،كعبـ،ْاٛفِشـ ؾ ة - 2 P ،ؾاشجث ،ٓٔبِشـ ؾ ج - 3 Kudratnya, kadim,kadarnya, ،ُٙـد،ٓوش٠ذمرد ،ٓىعب١لد ،ْسذل ،ُ٠ذل ،ٓرسذل ْآشل 13 ،خ٠سذل،َٛل ، ق د - 4 Aposrifi 14 : Dudu`, gera`, banya`, ،قشو ،كٔبث،قدٚد ، ق ـ٘ - 5 Keanam (ke-6); ًىِ،دبود،ٕٓ١ٍىع ،ٓٔبىو ،ؾ ،ؿ١ٍىر ،ٜش١ىو ،شفو،ٜٛٙزو،ُٔأو ،تغو،ْاسبو ِٛبو ،نرفك، ن ٚ - 6 G ،دبوشث،ْأزوشـ ،ٓوشـبىؽِ ،قشو ن ص - 7 G: tergagah, gugur, ،غٛزٕوشر ،ٗوبوشر ،شوٛو ن 13 - كسف همف ةئيس هم كباصأام و الله همف ةنسح هم كباصأ ام - مكيديأ تبسك امبف ةبيصم هم مكباصأ ام و - دنع هم لك لق", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 498, "top": 711, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "الله -", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Huruf Q ini dipinjam pula utk menuliskan bunyi hamzah, karena hampir ta` ada dlm bahasa tutur Pelembang berbunyi aljir ―K‖, kecuali ―bebek, becek, benyek, bonyok‖maka digunakan tanda aposrifi (`), (hamzah); Amin, Baderel, Fonetik dlm bhs Pelembang; edisi.2, 2010: 35, 38,39;", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 402, "height": 224, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "L ،يِٛشث،ًىع ،ٗجٌشر ،ٍِٗصلا ،ٌّٗ ي ح - 8 M ٌُٙٚا ،ُٔأو ،يِٛشث،تّ٘ ،َٕٛ١ِ ،ٓوبِ،هِ ،ذئى٠شِ،خ١صعِ َ ط - 9 N ،ٓ١ٍىع ،ٍٗلاذٕ٘ ،بِٕٙ ،بِٕٙ للهبث رٛعٔ ،ٝٔاشصٔ ْ ٞ - 10 Ny ْسذل ،دبٔ ْ ن W ،ذٌٛر ءاسٚ ،ٍٗججاٚ ،بٔسٚ ،ػ٠اٚ ،شٌٕٙا ٚ ي Hai,hamba,hanya,d ikehendaki-Nya, ،ٌّٗ،ٍٗلاذٕ٘ ،ٓ١واذٕٙود ،ٟ٘ ،ٍٗلاذٕ٘،ْب٘،تّ٘ ،ءاٛ٘ ـ٘ َ Laki2, lagi, ،ْاٛولاو ،ٛولاشث ،ٓئلاؽ٠ نلا 2 ،ٍِٗصلا ،نلا، لا ْ ` (aposdrof) ،ءبضل ء Y-yaitu, ketahui, ،ٜٛٙزو ،ٝٔاشصٔ ،ػ١ؼاسٚا ،ػ٠ ،ذئب٠ ٞ", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 356, "width": 401, "height": 121, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu Palembang, sebagaimana bahasa Melayu lainnya, pada awalnya merupakan bahasa Isyarat, dan berkembang sebagai Lisan, dan bahasa Tulis. Sebagai bahasa Tulis, diawali di negeri kerajaan Aceh. Dalam perkembangannya, bahasa Melayu dapat dibedakan atas: Bahasa Resmi, Daerah, Persatuan, Rumah Tangga, dan Bahasa Golongan. 15 Bahasa Melayu Palembang termasuk sebagai bahasa persatuan pada masa itu, bahkan hingga kini, terutama dalam mempersatukan beragam bahasa suku di Sumatera Selatan dan daerah sekitarnya, yang dipakai dalam pergaulan atau hubungan antara suku-suku bangsa yang ada di negara tersebut, seperti di Nusantara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 480, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang ini, hampir semua huruf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 494, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arab dipinjam, baik untuk menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang itu sendiri maupun konsep ajaran agama Islam yang disampaikannya dan sulit menemukan sepadannya. Sebagai salah satu contoh, disebutkannya sbb:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 532, "width": 267, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\" ْسذل ْاذىٌبعر الله ءبضل ٓؼد ْبّ١٘ ذ٠ئ٠ ذ٠ا ْبّ٠لإا ذعاٛل ذـسد 16 \"", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 549, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syekh Alfalimbani Sebab sangat tidak efektif kalau untuk menyebutkan kosa kata yang menggunakan huruf Arab; (س) TS- Ś (aksara S bertitik atas), huruf (ر) disamakan bunyinya denga huruf (ص), namun kini diciptakan sepadan bunyi (ر) yaitu meminjam huruf Ż bertitik di atasnya, dls. (ص) dengan disepadankan dengan aksara Th, (ض) dengan Dh, (ط) dengan menciptakan aksara latin TH, atau kini dikembangkan dengan huruf Ṭ (aksara T bertitik di bawahnya), (ظ) ZH - Ẓ (aksara Z bertitik di bawahnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 646, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tentu usaha ini akan memakan waktu lama, sebagaimana usaha melenyapkannya yang diawali tahun 1950-an, baru terasa implikasinya 60 tahun kemudian, pada tahun 2010, setelah generasi ke-2 (cucu), dari generasi muda muslim Indonesai kehilangan jati dirinya dengan melakukan bom bunuh diri dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Amin, Baderel, Palembang, 2010: 5-6;", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 745, "width": 360, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Untuk memudahkan penelitian ini, bunyi NY meminjam huruf Nun, C dg. huruf Jim,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 38, "width": 406, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 9", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lain sebagainya. Padahal Muslim Melayu dahulu sangat erat dengan nilai- nilai Islamnya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 141, "width": 396, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 ( ٓ١ٕطاٌٍّٛ ُ١ٍعزٌا كد ٚ ،دبججاٌٛا ٚ قٛمذٌا ٝـٚ خ١ٔبغٔلإا ٝـ طبٌٕا ٓ١ث حاٚبغٌّا ،حذ١معٌا خ٠شد", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 155, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُٙع١ّج)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejarah telah mencatat raja-raja Melayu dan Jawa sangat menjunjung tingga nilai-nilai Islam diatas; penguasa yang memberikan kebebasan berakidah, mempersamakan kedudukan dalam pergaulan nan penuh kemanusiaan, menjalankan hak dan kewajiban, hak mencerdaskan seluruh penduduk negeri. Walaupun untuk revitalisasi jatidiri sebagaimana semula, memang tak memerlukan waktu sampai setengah abad, sebab, selain usaha ini akan ditunjang teknologi-modern, juga menanti hadirnya seorang intelektual muslim yang bertindak cepat seperti pernah dilakukan orang kuatnya PKI yang diwakili Dr. Parjono. Hal ini bisa dicapai dalam satu generasi pertama saja, dari generasi muda mulim Indonesia, jika dimulai sekarang (2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 309, "width": 399, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan dan kemajuan tekhnologi modern di Indonesia akan semakin menakutkan bangsa asing, jika generasi muda Islamnya dijauhkan dari nilai-nilai ajaran Islam yang pernah dikembangkan oleh para intelektual sebelumnyua dengan menegakkan jati diri khas yang membekali dan mengajarkan serta mengamalkan konsep-konsep Islam dengan pemahaman konsep asli, baik lafaz maupun segi maknanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 392, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai contoh: konsep (ش٠ذمر) , generasi sekarang tak dapat membacanya, melainkan ditranskripsikan dahulu ke aksara Rumi atau Latin sehingga menjadi taqdīr, selanjutkan dijelaskan sbb :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 431, "width": 364, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "―… seperti diketahui, istilah taqdīr dalam al-Qur`an- berbeda dengan umumnya arti istilah itu dalam penggunaan kita sehari-hari – ialah hukum ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan Tuhan untuk mengatur pola perjalanan dan ―tingkah laku‖ alam ciptaan-Nya, khususnya alam material . Secara spesifik Kitab Suci menyebutkan tentang adanya taqdīr pola perjalanan ataun peredaran matahari:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 513, "width": 364, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Dan matahari berlari 18 (beredar) pada tempatnya yang telah ditetapkan; itulah taqdīr (Tuhan) Yang Maha Mulia dan Maha tahu”. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 558, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalau penulisnya konsekwen, beliau akan menuliskan bunyi kitab suci umat Islam yang berbahasa Arab Fussha- Arab Standar, paling tidak dengan transkripnya. Seperti ― wa s-syamsi tajrī limustaqorrin lahā, ẓālika taqdīru l- ‗azīzi l- ‗alīm; Q.s.Yāsīn/ 36:38‖.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 613, "width": 397, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada lagi yang membahas konsep ini, namun menuliskan ayat al- Qur`annya dan diberi harakat, tanpa mentranskripsikannya pula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 311, "top": 638, "width": 199, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُِْ١ٍَِعٌْا ِضْ٠ ِضَعٌْا ُشْ٠ِذْمَر َهٌَِر ،بٌََٙ ٍّّشَمَزْغٌُِّ ٜ ِشْجَر ِظّّْشٌا َٚ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 699, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Al-Bahy, Dr. Abdul Mun‘im, Al-„Arabiyyah Li n-Nasyi`in , Terb.Said Sibagh; Beirut,Libanon, jilid 5: 242-243,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 299, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Ini terjemahan bahasa Inggris. Kalau bahasa Melayu mungkin berputar.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 338, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Madjid, Dr. Nurcholis , Masyarakat Religius, Pen. Paramadina Jakarta, 1997: 182.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 400, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Dan matahari beredar di temkpat peredarannya. Demikian itulah taqdir yang ditentukan oleh (Allah) Yang Mahaperkasa lagi Maha Mengetahui (QS Yā Sīn [36]: 38).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matahari, bulan, dan seluruh jagat raya telah ditetapkan oleh Allah takdirnya dan tidak bisa mereka tawar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 196, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "َْٓ١ِعِئبَط ِبَْٕ١َرَأ بَزٌَبل بً٘ ْشَو َْٚأ بًع َْٛط بَ١ِزْئِا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 210, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "―Datanglah (hai langit dan bumi) menurut perintah-Ku, suka atau tidak suka‖. Keduanya berkata, ―Kami datang dengan penuh ketaatan‖.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 254, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan beberapa contoh kajian diatas. Diharapkan aksara Jawi akan dapat menempati aksara Nusantara kedua di negerinya sendiri setelah aksara Rumi atau Latin sebagai negeri yang dididiami mayoritas Muslim yang berpaham Islam Nusantara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 309, "width": 402, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya menguatkan jati diri bangsa dengan memperkaya bahasa Indonesia yang digali dari hazanah yang masih berada dalam lumpur, penuh dengan bahasa bernilai tinggi, akan lebih efektif dalam menyebarkan nilai-nilai luhur bangsa yang religius. Dengan menemukan ciri penulisan aksara Jawi dan cara menjadikan bahasa Arab Standar sebagai bahasa Melayu atau Indonesia yang pernah dilakukan para pendahulu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 392, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu yang dipengaruh bahasa Arab Fussha akan langgeng seiring langgengnya al-Qur`an itu sendiri. Maka sangat perlu mengungkapkannya agar dapat diketahui mana yang perlu diangkat dan mana pula yang perlu disumbangkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia masa kini. Dunia sekarang cendrung kembali ke peradaban Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 461, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika Islam semakin dikenal luas ke berbagai suku dan bangsa non Arab, seperti bangsa Hunud hingga Malayziyyin maka untuk turut mencerdaskan suku dan bangsa tersebut, ulama setempat melakukan berbagai terobosan, bukan saja meminjam bahasa ini bahkan meminjam huruf dan angkanya sebagai aksara mereka setempat, dan beberapa hurufnya dimodifikasi dengan cara memberi symbol tertentu padanya agar bunyi kata dalam bahasanya dapat dituliskan. Bangsa Malayziyinn telah meminjam huruf jim (bertitik satu) dengan menambah dua titik lagi untuk bunyi (cim); huruf gain untuk bunyi ngain, huruf nun untuk bunyi nyun, huruf kaaf untuk bunyi gaff, dls.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 599, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak semua konsep bahasa Arab Fusha mempunyai kata sepadannya dalam bahasa bangsa non Arab. Bangsa Hunud diatas, maksudnya pengguna bahasa Urdu yang dalam tulisannya meminjam aksara dan angka Arab, demikian juga yang dialami bangsa Malayziyin sebagai pengguna bahasa Melayu. Kalau semula, bahasa Arab Fussha diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Melayu, jika tak ditemukannya terjemahannya, selanjutnya dipinjam sebagai bahasa kaum Intelektual bangsa Melayu pada masa itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 702, "width": 60, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Qur`an, al- Ahadits,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 702, "width": 398, "height": 92, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kutub diniyyah sebagai sumber Nilai Islami Konsep Islam dalam sejumlah kitab karanagn ulama` Pemikiran Islam berbahasa Melayu dengan aksara dan angka Jawi Bahasa dan teks Melayu sebagai sumber nilai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 470, "top": 756, "width": 52, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam Nusantara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 11", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 158, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Metode Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 173, "width": 400, "height": 191, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mengutamakan penjelasan, uraian, dan analisa terhadap suatu peristiwa atau proses kegiatan (Sudjana, 1992: 22), termasuk terhadap dokumentasi (Matthew B. Miles, 1992:11). Setelah mendapat data dan mempelajarinya, jika terdapat data tertulis (teks naskah) dalam bahasa Melayu, yang berkaitan dengan obyek penelitian, akan ditranlityerasi lebih dahulu. Demikian pula, jika terdapat data tertulis dalam bahasa Arab Fussha, maka sebelum menjelaskan maksudnya, lebih dahulu dilakukan transkripsi penyalinan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan aksara dan angka Latin. Sesuai dengan kaidah yang berlaku. Karena itu, maka penelitian ini memerlukan pendekatan, metode pengkajian, jenis dan sumber data, tehnik pengumpulan data, dan analisa data. Sehingga permasalahan penelitian akan terjawab secara konsepsional. Dalam penelitian ini naskah yang dijadikan sumber primer penelitian adalah naskah kuno hasil karya Syekh Kemas H.M Azhari al- Falimbani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 378, "width": 398, "height": 30, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Deskripsi dan Asal-usul Naskah “ ’aṭiyyah al-Raḥmān fī bayāni qowā’id al- īmān. . ‖", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 410, "width": 401, "height": 68, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti ditulis oleh Tim Penyunting ―Katalog Naskah Palembang‖ tahun 2004, bahwa naskah mempunyai beberapa sifat: 1) ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu dan Arab; 2) aksara yang digunakan yaitu Arab, Jawi, Latin (Belanda?), Ulu, dan aksara Jawa. 3) teks ditulis dalam bentuk prosa dan puisi, ada beberapa diantaranya berupa skema (teks silsilah). Adapun deskripsi naskah ini adalah sbb:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 479, "width": 382, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Naskah ini berjudul ― ‟aṭiyyah al-Raḥmān fī bayāni qowā‟id al-īmān ..‖ oleh al-‗Ᾱlim al-‗Allāmah al-Marḥūm bi Karom Allāh Ta‘ālā al-Syaikh Muḥammad Azharī bin Abdillāh al-Falimbānī. Ditashih oleh al-Faqīr al- Fānī Dāud bin al-Marhūm Ismāīl al-Fatōnī; ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu Palembang beraksara Arab (alif s/d ya`) dan huruf Jawi (aksara Arab dan huruf Melayu berbunyi C, Ng, P, G, Ny);", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 564, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Terdiri 20 halaman; Teks ditulis dalam bentuk prosa;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 578, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Setiap halaman terdiri paling banyak 31 baris;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 592, "width": 382, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Ukuran kertas: 27.5 cm X 21.5 cm; pias kiri-kananya 1.5 cm dan 5.5 cm; pias atas-bawahnya 3 cm X 3 cm;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 619, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Jenis kertasnya, seperti produk Eropa;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 633, "width": 382, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Diterbitkan olehpercetakan El-Miriyah, di negeri Makkah El-Mahmiyah; masa Sultonah Amirul Mu`minin dan Kholifah Sayyidil Mursalin; Sultan bin Sultan al-Ghozi Abdul Hamid II khoin; masa wilayah Hijaz dipimpin Syaikhul Haram; Daulatlu Mustafa Sofwat Basyatahun 1304.H.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 702, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemilik naskah ini adalah salah satu dari cicit almarhum Syekh Muḥammad Azharī bin Abdillāh al-Falimbānī bernama Kms. H.Achmad Husien Hamzah, kepada peneliti diperlihatkannya serta dijelaskannya beberapa kalimat berbahasa Melayu Palembang lama. Didapatnya dari Nyaindanya di kampung 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ulu Perigi Kemas; Palembang. Pada tahun1997,penyalin meminjamnya untuk di transliterasi ke aksara Latin. Tahun 7 Mei 1999, Penyalin menulis artikel di harian Sumatera Ekspres dengan judul :‖Syekh MuhammadAzhari bin Abdillah bin Ahmad Alfalimbani dan Pandangan Hidupnya‖. Lihat foto terlampir saat berlangsungnya penjelasan ke-2 tahun 2012.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Bahasa Tutur Melayu Palembang Berkembang Sebagai Sastra Tulis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 215, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agama Islam telah hadir di Nusantara selambat-lambatnya pada abad ke-8 atau 9 M bersamaan dengan waktu ramainya kegiatan perdagangan internasional yang dilakukan bangsa Aran-Iran-, Turki, Persia dan Indo-Muslim di Asia Tenggara. Tetapi sampai abad ke-12 M agama ini berkembang lambat dan penganutya terbatas di kota-kota pesisir yang biasa disinggahi kapal-kapal dagang Muslim itu. Karena itu pengaruhnya tidak cukup berarti bagi masyarakat Melayu, selaku penduduk Nusantara pertama yang memeluk agama ini secara massal dan mengembangkan peradaban baru berdasarkan agama ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 325, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh kehadiran agama ini mulai tampak pada abad ke-13 – 15 M setelah berdirinya dua kerajaan besar Islam Samudra Pasai (1270-1524) dan Malaka (1400-1511), serta hadirnya para sufi pengembara dan guru-guru agama yang tampil sebagai pendakwah ulung. Kehadiran agama ini pada-abad tersebut, terlebih pada abad-abad berikutnya, ternyata memberi dampak besar dan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan-perubahan besar dan mendasar dalam kehidupan bangsa Melayu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 422, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan tersebut tidak hanya berlaku dalam sistem kepercayaan dan peribadatan, tetapi juga dalam tatanan sosial, sistem pemerintahan dan kehidupan intelektual. Tumbuh pesatnya jumlah penganut agama ini di kepulauan Melayu dan berdirinya kerajaan-kerajaan Islam yang awal itu memungkinkan lembaga- lembaga pendidikan Islam tersebar luas . Dengan begitu tradisi baca tulis dan keterpelajaran berkembang luas diikuti oleh maraknya kegiatan penulisan kitab- kitab keagamaan, keilmuan dan sastra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 518, "width": 400, "height": 163, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agama Hindu dan Buddha , yang telah berkembang sebelumnya, mengalami kemunduran selama pesatnya perkembangan Islam itu dan lambat laun kehilangan daya hidupnya sebagai agama besar. Penyebabnya ialah karena dua agama ini hadir di tengah masyarakat Melayu sebagai agama elit aritokratik atau agama kaum pendeta dan kesatria. Ketika agama-agama dari India ini berkembang, sebagian besar penduduk Melayu tetap menganut kepercayaan nenek moyang mereka, yaitu syamanisme dan paganisme. Hadirnya agama Islam berbeda. Islam hadir sebagai agama massal yang menarik minat kaum terpelajar dan bangsawan serta rakyat jelata. Wataknya ajarannya yang egaliter dan populis, serta mudah dipahami, membuat semua lapisan masyarakat tertarik untuk memeluk agama ini. Apalagi setelah disampaikan oleh para pendakwah yang piawai melalui bahasa yang sederhana (Braginsky 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 684, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai agama kitab, Islam menganjurkan kepada para penganutnya agar belajar membaca dan menulis. Dengan demikian mereka dapat membaca dan memahami isi kitab suci al-Qur‘an dan ilmu-ilmu Islam lain yang diturunkan darinya. Dibukanya lembaga-lembaga pendidikan memungkinkan penggunaan huruf Arab berkembang. Sejak masa inilah penulis-penulis Melayu menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 13", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "aksara Jawi atau Arab Melayu dalam menulis kitab atau risalah di dalam bahasa mereka (M. Naquib al-Atttas 1972; Mohd. Taib Osman 1974; Ismail Hamid 1984).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 157, "width": 400, "height": 191, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pusat-pusat penyebaran agama Islam di Nusantara berada di tiga titik sentral yaitu istana, pesantren dan pasar. Di tiga titik sentral penyebaran Islam ini pulalah sastra Melayu baru yang ditulis menggunakan huruf Jawi dilahirkan. Sebagai bagian dari kehidupan intelektual dan keagamaan, karya-karya penulis Melayu itu dengan sendirinya mencerminkan kecenderungan pemikiran dan wawasan budaya yang berkembang pada zaman karya-karya itu ditulis. Karena masing-masing pusat kegiatan penulisan ini memiliki kepentingan, kecenderungan dan wawasan budaya yang berbeda sesuai dengan peran masing-masing dalam penyebaran Islam, maka lahir pulalah dari masing-masing pusat kegiatan penulisan tersebut jenis, bentuk dan ragam sastra yang berbeda-beda. Dengan lahirnya jenis dan ragam sastra yang berbeda-beda itu maka hadirnya Islam menyebabkan sastra tulis Melayu mengalami pengayaan melampaui zaman sebelumnya ketika pusat kegiatan penulisan terbatas di istana dan vihara, sedangkan masyarakat luas di sekitarnya hidup dengan sastra lisan. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 351, "width": 400, "height": 204, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu Palembang merupakan bahasa dan sastra lisan, bahasa yang dipakai dalam bertukar gagasan dengan menggunakan alat bunyi bahasa, yaitu suara, seperti bahasa yang disampaikan dalam percakapan tatap muka, pidato atau ceramah. Sebelumnya, tidak dikenal aksara khusus yang digunakan untuk penulisan bahasa Melayu Palembang. Belum diketahui secara jelas, sejak kapan bahasa Melayu Palembang menjadi bahasa tulis, yakni bahasa yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan gagasan dengan menggunakan alat berupa huruf atau gambar bunyi, seperti surat-menyurat, karangan. 21 Kalau kita berlandaskan sejak adanya kerajaan Melayu-Jawa yang disebut Keraton Kuto Gawang, era Ratu Sinuhun, yang membuat Undang-Undang Simbur- Sumber- Cahaya, dapat dipahami, baru ada sejak abad ke 17 M. Dan inipun masih memerlukan pelacakan naskah aslinya, sebab ketika tahun 2005, pll bersama mhs, ke perpustakaan nasonal di Jakarta, naskah aslinyapun tak ada di tempat, yang ada hanya salinan aksara latin sekitar tahun 1910-an oleh peneliti Belanda. (baca hasil penelitian Susi Apriani, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 558, "width": 401, "height": 66, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian bentuk Bahasa Melayu Palembang sebagai bahasa tulisan, akan ditinjau dari sebagian aspek-aspek bahasa yang fundamental; fonologis, ‗ilmu al-aswat; morfologis, sintaksis, semantik, dsb. 22 Dalam penelitian ini dibatasi dulu dalam aspek morfologis (sorof) dan aspek leksilogis (dirasat mu`jamiyah), atau etimologis,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 641, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Naskah Makkah dan Transliterasinya:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. a.Naskah halaman 15;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 699, "width": 384, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Abdul Hadi, W.M. Islam dan kebangkitanSastra melayu Universitas Paramadina, Jakarta, hal. 165", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 711, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Amin, Baderel Munir, Tata Bahasa dan Kamus Baso Pelembang, Ed,2, YMN, Palembang, 2010: 5.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Umam, Drs. Chotibul, Aspek-aspek Fundamental dalam Mempelajari Bahasa Arab, ptalma‘arif, Bandung, 1980: 18,29, 34.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 362, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.b. Transliterasinya beraksara Latin/ Rumi;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 373, "width": 399, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. ―....... dan yang keenam dari pada qowā ‗id al īmān itu yaitu iman dengan qoḍō‘#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 401, "width": 399, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13. Allah Ta‘ala dan qodar-Nya, maka ketahui olehmu hai saudaraku bahwasanya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 261, "top": 417, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "segala yang berlaku#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 428, "width": 379, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14. di dalam ‗alam ini dari pada segala perbuatan dan perkataan hamba seperti gerak, dan diam,#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 118, "top": 458, "width": 390, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15. berdiri, dan duduk, makan dan minum dan barang sebagainya dari pada amal kebajikan,#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 483, "width": 380, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16. seperti iman dan ta‘at, dan kejahatan seperti kufur dan ma‘siat, sekalian itu dengan#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 511, "width": 399, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17. ditaqdirkan Allah Ta‘ala di dalam azal, dan dijadikannya serta dikehendakinya dengan qudrat-Nya#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 541, "width": 374, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18. dan irodat-Nya yang qodim, dan tiada dengan qudrat hamba yang baharu, karana adalah qudrat hamba yang#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 569, "width": 385, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19. baharu itu sekali-kali tiada memberi bekas –pengaruh- pada tiap-tiap suatu, .... <{XXVIII}> akan tetapi ada bagi hamba itu#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 596, "width": 357, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20. kasab, artinya usaha dan ikhtiar artinya pilih antara berbuat suatu dan meninggalkan dia, maka bahwasanya Allah Ta‘ala#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 624, "width": 344, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21. jua yang menjadikan segala perbuatan hamba itu dan adalah hamba mengusahakan dia pada zohirnya#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 652, "width": 396, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22. dengan usaha dan ikhtiar maka disandarkan usaha dan ikhtiar Itu bagi hamba pada zohirnya jua#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 677, "width": 378, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23. dan pada usaha dan ikhtiar itulah tempat ta‘luk hokum syara‘ pada hamba, maka wajiblah atas#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 707, "width": 380, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24. tiap-tiap ‗akil balig laki-laki dan perempuan menuntut dan memilih antara baik dan jahat pada#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 15", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 114, "width": 382, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25. hukum syara‘, akan tetapi pada hakekatnya sekali-kali tiada bagi hamba itu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 260, "top": 130, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "empunya usaha dan #", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 141, "width": 390, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26. ikhtiar hanya sekaliannya itu dari pada Allah Ta‘ala jua, maka jadilah hamba", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 267, "top": 157, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "itu pada zohirnya#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 171, "width": 372, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27. mukhtar {yang memilih/ dipilih} dan pada batinnya mujtahid majbur – terpaksa-, maka apabila sembahyang seorang umpamanya, maka dikata yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 199, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sembahyang#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 210, "width": 387, "height": 27, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28. itu hamba, dan yang menjadikan perbuatan sembahyang itu Allah Ta‘ala jua dengan qudrat-Nya#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 240, "width": 384, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29. yang qodim, maka dikata yang sembahyang itu hamba hanya pada zohirnya jua, adapaun pada hakekatnya#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 268, "width": 393, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30. semata-mata Allah Ta‘ala, dan demikian lagi seperti makan dan minum, akan tetapi adalah adab#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 295, "width": 382, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31. tata keramanya hendaklah dibangsakan yang baik itu dari pada Tuhan, dan yang jahat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 127, "top": 337, "width": 384, "height": 139, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah Kosa Kata BMP Abad Pertengahan ke-19 M dalam Kitab ‗Atiyah al-Rahman Fi Bayani Qowa‘id al-Iman Karangan Syekh Muhammad Azhari Alfalimbani pada Fasal Rukun ke-Enam: Qodo` dan Qodar No Hal Prgrf Ln Word s CNS CWS + Ket. 1 15 20 42 291 1,725 2.020 2 16 32 67 468 2.798 3.290 3 17 31 62 444 2.739 3.190 4 18 31 62 445 2.704 3.153 5 19 14 23 161 0.981 1.141 1.809", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 507, "width": 307, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Analisa Bahasa Tulis dalam Bahasa Melayu Palembang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 402, "height": 190, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maksud meninjau dari aspek morfologis, fonetik, dan leksikologis atau etimologis, yakni dalam melihat bagaimana Syekh menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang yang semula sebagai bahasa tutur dalam bentuk pantun, cawisan, dls., menjadi bahasa tulis. Dari aspek morpologis inilah Bahasa Melayu Palembang sebagaimana layaknya sebuah sitem bahasa dapat ditinjau dari bentuk dan kejadian kata-kata. Ditinjau dari bentuk katasebagaimana konstruksi bahasa pada umumnya, kata dalam bahasa Melayu Palembang memiliki dua bdentuk pokok; Kata asal dan kata jadian.Kata asal dengan satu sukunkata, hingga dengan empat suku kata. Demikian pula dengan kata jadiannya, yang dibentuk dari kata asal yang diberi imbuhan , kata asal berulang, dan kata asal majmuk. Seperti, 1. Kata jadian berawalan ke, me, ber, ter, Seperti :ke-mana, ke-rumah, ber-musyawarah, men-jual, se-mentara, me-lawan, me-ngambil, imbuhan me- menjadi meng - atau mem- , ditambah bunyi ng- , dls. 2. Kata jadian bersisipan, gemerenceng, 3. Kata jadianberakhiran; jadilah, 4.Kata jadian berawalan dan berakhiran: ketakutan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menjerumuskan, kata jadian berulang: pura-pura, juga membahas segi vokal dan konsonan. Kata jadian majmuk: tata kerama, 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 144, "width": 400, "height": 93, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menganalisa pengaruh bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Melayu Palembang, menggunakan pendekatan leksikologis, atau etimologis. Leksikologis yang dimaksud adalah mempelajari perbendaharan bahasa. Bahasa arab fusha terkenal sebagai bahasa yang paling kaya dengan kosa kata. Banyak kata-kata yang masing-masing mempunyai banyak pengertian, dan sebaliknya banyak kata- kata yang sama artinya. Sampai-sampai dikatakan, bahwa untuk arti singa ada 500 kata dan untuk ular ada 200 kata. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 240, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bentuk Tulisan dalam bahasa Melayu Palembang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 268, "width": 398, "height": 39, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk satu suku kata sampai tujuh suku kata, dari halaman 15-19. 25 Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk satu suku kata dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 308, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ؾٚشد ظٌٛرشث ػجٌّبـ ٛ٠لاِ طبٙث", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 215, "top": 322, "width": 80, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ةشع - ٛ٠لاِ / ٜٚبج", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 310, "width": 403, "height": 96, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi 15 ،ْ ،َ ،ٛو ،ٟ٘ ،ػ٠ ،ْاد 6 Dan;yang;hai;ku;mu;ya; 27 16 ،ٞا ia Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku satukata , ada yang menggunakan tambahan huruf saksi untuk bunyi vokal : ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti ( ْاد ,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 406, "width": 403, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ٟ٘،ٛو) setelah menggunakan huruf pinjaman lainnya sebagai bunyi konsonan guna memperkuat bunyi vokal fathah, kasroh dan dlommah , sehingga memudahkan para pembaca membaca secara lancar guna memahami teks, namun ada yang tanpa huruf saksi, seperti kata (ٞا،ْ،َ ،ػ٠); Dari 7 kata ini, 3 berhuruf saksi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 158, "top": 464, "width": 336, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk dua suku kata", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 478, "width": 372, "height": 38, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi. Hal ؾٚشد ظٌٛرشث ػجٌّبـ ٛ٠لاِ طبٙث ةشع - ٛ٠لاِ / ٜٚبج 28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 492, "width": 398, "height": 135, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi 15 ٗ١ٌٚا ،هِ،ٓؼد ،ذ٠إ - ،تّ٘ ،ٓ٠ا ،َ ،َٕٛ١ِ ،ٓوبِ ،قدٚد ،ُ٠د ،قشو دسذل - ٟرسا ،هث ،ظىث ،ْ - ،ٍٗ١ـ ،ْ ش٘بظ ،اٛج - ،ُىد ،كٍعر ،ذفّر ،ْ ،ًّع ،الله ،ءبضل ،ْبّ٠ا،عشش تجاٚ ،تغو ،خعبط،ُ٠ذل - ،ظرا،ٌٗ نلا ،ػٌبث ،ًلبع 2 ،ذـ ،ذ٘بج ،هئبث ، ٞدبج ،ْب٘ ،ٓوا - ٓطبث ،سبزخِ ،ٌٗ 12 I.tu;de.ngan;ma.ka;o.leh-mu;i.ni; ham.ba;ge.rak;di.am;du.duk;ma.kan;mi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 332, "top": 548, "width": 194, "height": 80, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "num;kud.rat-nya;be.kas;ba.gi;ar.ti- nya;pi.lih;ju.a;zo.hir- nya;tem.pat;tak.luk;hu.kum;sya.rak;i.ma n;ko.do`;allah;a.mal;ko.dim;ta.‘at;ka.sa b;wa.jib-lah;a.tas;a.kil;ba.ligh;la.ki- ;la.ki;ba.ik;ja.hat;pa.da;a.kan;ha.nya,ja.d", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 653, "width": 200, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Amin, Baderel, YMN, Palembang, 2010: 7-19.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 665, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rs. Umam, Drs. Chotibul, ...., Bandung. 14.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 676, "width": 115, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Halaman 15-19 terlampir;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Untuk lancarnya penulisan, huruf Melayu bunyi ج - غ - ن - ْ -", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 400, "height": 21, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ny memakai bunyi n, metode cepat vtulis Melayu, nanti baru disalinkan lagi.;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 711, "width": 322, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Pehatikan ada suku kata vokal a,i,e,e,u, dls, konsonan, b,c,d,f,g,h,,j,k,l dst???", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Untuk lancarnya penulisan, huruf Melayu bunyi ج - غ - ن - ْ - Ny memakai bunyi n, metode cepat vtulis Melayu, nanti baru disalinkan lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 17", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 404, "height": 69, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– قاذٕ٘ ،ةدا ،سٛججِ ،ْ - ،ٓ٘ٛر ،ٌٗ i-lah; mukh.tar; ba.tin; maj.bur; a.dab; hen.dak-lah; tu.han; 16 ،ْآشل ( هثبصأ بِ – هغفٔ ِٓ ) ، ْبِشـ - ،ْ ( هثبصا بِ ٚ - ُى٠ذ٠أ ) ، ،نلا ،ِٛبو،ٓؼبر Qur.`an;fir.man-", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 332, "top": 158, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "nya;ta.ngan;ka.mu;la.gi,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 186, "width": 403, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku dua kata , ada yang menggunakan tambahan huruf saksi untuk bunyi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 436, "top": 198, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 212, "width": 407, "height": 83, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "،قاذٕ٘،ٜدبج،ْب٘،ذ٘بج،هئبث،اٛج،ٍٗ١ـ،ٝرسا،َٕٛ١ِ،ٓوبِ،قدٚد،ٓ٠ا،ٗ١ٌٚا،ذ٠إ نلا،ِٛبو،ٓؼبر،ْبِشـ،ٓ٘ٛر ) ) setelah menggunakan huruf pinjaman lainnya sebagai bunyi konsonan guna memperkuat bunyi vokal fathah, kasroh dan dlommah, sehingga memudahkan para pembaca membaca secara lancar guna memahami teks, namun ada yang tanpa huruf saksi, seperti kata (ٓوا،ذـ ،ُ٠د،قشو،تّ٘،هِ ،ٓؼد) Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk tiga suku kata", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 297, "width": 403, "height": 136, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi. Hal JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi 15 طاٛٙث ،اسادٛع ،ذئب٠ ،ُٔأو - ،ْ دداسا ،ٞش٠دشث ،حشفع ،ٌُادد ،ًىع - ،ٞشجِّ،ٌٗادا ،ْاسبو،ٚشٙث ،دب١ر ،ْ ،بٙعا،داٛع ،حٛثشث ،ٖسبزٔا ،ٝـبزر ،حٛزِٕٕ،خ١صعِ،ٌٝبعر ،ٌٗٛز٠ا ،سب١زخا ذم١مد ،اسبزٔا ،ٗ١ٍ١ِّ – بّفِا ،غاسؤع ،ػ١ٙجّع،ْٛفِا،ْ – ،دبود،ْ 9 Ke.a.nam;ya.i.tu;su.da.ra;bah.wa.sa- nya;se.ga.la;di.da.lam; se.per.ti; ber.di.ri;i.ra.dat- nya;ti.a.da;ba.ha.ru;ke.ra.na;a.da.lah;me m.be.ri;te.ta.pi;an.ta.rah;ber.bu.at;su.a.tu ;u.sa.ha;ikh.ti.ar;i.tu.lah;ta.‘a.la; mak.si.at;me.nun.tut;me.mi.lih;an.ta.ra;", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 423, "width": 404, "height": 94, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ha.ke.kat- nya;em.pu.nya;sem.bah.yang;se.o.rang; um.pa.ma-nya;di.ka.ta; 16 ،ُٙـد،خج١صِ ،ُ٠ش٠د Di.ri.mu,di.pa.ham. Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku tiga kata , ada yang menggunakan tambahan huruf saksi untuk bunyi vokal : ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti ( ،ذئب٠ ،حٛزِٕٕ ،ٌٗٛز٠ا ،بٙعا،داٛع ،ٖسبزٔا ،ٝـبزر ،ٞشجِّ ،ٌٗادا ،ْاسبو ،ٚشٙث ،ٞش٠دشث ،ٌُادد ،طاٛٙث ،اسادٛع", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 518, "width": 404, "height": 69, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "بّفِا ،غاسؤع،اسبزٔا ،ٗ١ٍ١ِّ – ،دبود،ْ ) setelah menggunakan huruf pinjaman lainnya sebagai bunyi konsonan guna memperkuat bunyi vokal fathah, kasroh dan dlommah, sehingga memudahkan para pembaca membaca secara lancar guna memahami teks, kalau diperhatikan, rata—rata yang mendapat huruf saksi hyanya be4bunyi vokal saja. Namun ada yang tanpa huruf saksi, seperti kata ( ،ًىع ،ُٔأو", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 587, "width": 403, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "،ُٙـد ،ػ١ٙجّع ،حٛثشث ،حشفع ) ); ke.e.nam ; se.ga.la ; se.per.ti ; ber.bu.at ; sem.bah.yang ; di.pa.ham .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 155, "top": 617, "width": 348, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk empat suku kata dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 643, "width": 169, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ؾٚشد ظٌٛرشث ػجٌّبـ ٛ٠لاِ طبٙث ةشع - ٛ٠لاِ / ٜٚبج", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 646, "width": 330, "height": 66, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi 15 ،ٓراٛثشـ ،ٛولاشجؽ٠ ،ٞٛٙزو ،ذـسد ٓ١ٍىع ،ٓربٙجو ،ٓى١ججو ،ْأزوشـ - ٓى٠دبجد ،ٓوش٠ذمرد ،ْ - ؿ١ر ،ْ 2 ،", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 674, "width": 400, "height": 71, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Da.ri.pa.da;ke.ta.hu.i;yang.ber.la.ku; per.bu.a.tan;per.ka.ta.an;ke.ba.ji.kan; ke.ja.ha.tan;se.ka.li.an- 29 Untuk lancarnya penulisan, huruf Melayu bunyi ج - غ - ن - ْ -", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 736, "width": 400, "height": 21, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ny memakai bunyi n, metode cepat vtulis Melayu, nanti baru disalinkan lagi.;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 18", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 403, "height": 97, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "،ٓوساذٕعد ،ٓى٠دبجِٕ ،داٛغع ،ٓوبغؽثد ،ٓ١ىِد ،ً١جـا ،ْاٛفِشـ nya;di.tak.dir.kan;di.ja.di.kan-nya;ti.ap.- tiap: se.su.a.tu;men.ja.di.kan; di.san.dar.kan;pe.rem.pu.an;a.pa.bi.la.; de.mi.ki.an; di.bang.sa.kan, 16 ،ِٛبىٕوا ،ٛى٠ذٕوا ،ابٕؽِ Me,nge.na.i; a.kan.di.kau; a.kan.ka.mu. Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku empat kata , ada yang menggunakan tambahan huruf saksi untuk bunyi vokal fathah/a,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 212, "width": 400, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kasroh/i,dlommah/u : ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti ( ،ٓربٙجو ،ٓى١ججو ،ْأزوشـ ،ٓراٛثشـ ،ٛولاشجؽ٠ ،ٞٛٙزو", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 225, "width": 404, "height": 69, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "،ٓوبغؽثد ،ٓ١ىِد ،ً١جـا ،ْاٛفِشـ ،ٓوساذٕعد ،ٓى٠دبجِٕ ،داٛغع،ٓى٠دبجد ) kata ke.ta.hu.i , suku ke -4 bersaksi i; selanjutnya kata sandang yang disambungkan dengan kata ber, yang.ber.la.ku . keduanya konsonan, suku kata ke-3 diberi saksi alif/a, dan suku kata 4, diberi saksi wsawu/u, demikianlah, hanya vokal. namun ada yang tanpa huruf saksi, seperti kata ( ٓ١ٍىع،ذـسد", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 281, "width": 372, "height": 69, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- ), da.ri.pa.da. dan se.a.li.an. Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk lima suku kata dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi. Hal ؾٚشد ظٌٛرشث ػجٌّبـ ٛ٠لاِ طبٙث ةشع - ٛ٠لاِ / ٜٚبج", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 325, "width": 404, "height": 137, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi 15 ٟوبجغؼسبث - ٟواذٕٙود ،ْ - يبىع،ْ 2 دبّع ، 2 بِاشو دبر ، - ،ْ 5 Ba.rang.se.ba.gai-nya; di.ke.hen.da.ki.- nya;se.ka.li.-ka.li;se.m.ata-.ma.ta; ta.ta.ke.ra.ma-nya; Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku lima kata , hanya suku kata yang ada bunyi vokal fathah/ a : ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti (ٟوبجغؼسبث) dan (ٟواذٕٙود) suku kata ba.rang. se.ba.gai.nya . yang berbunyi ba1 dan ba2 saja ditambah huruf saksi alif sebagai vokal fathah/ a. Demikian pula suku kata di.ke.hen.da.ki. yang berbunyi da saja ditambah huruf saksi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 465, "width": 372, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk enam suku kata dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi. Hal ؾٚشد ظٌٛرشث ػجٌّبـ ٛ٠لاِ طبٙث ةشع - ٛ٠لاِ / ٜٚبج", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 493, "width": 404, "height": 123, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi 15 ،ْبّ٠لإا ذعاٛل ،ٜذٕىٍىؽِٕ ، 2 Me.ning.gal.kan.di.a;ko.wa.i.dul.i.man; Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku enam kata, disini tak ada tambahan huruf saksi untuk bunyi vokal : ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti (ٜذٕىٍىؽِٕ), suku kata ting,gal . keduanya berbunyi konsonan, adapun awalan meng-kan dia, sudah diketahui para pembacanya yang terpelajar; me/ meng-tinggal-kan; meninggalkan. Dibawah ini Bahasa Melayu Palembang dalam bentuk tujuh suku kata dari baris 1/ 12 sampai 31 berhuruf dan angka Arab Melayu atau Jawi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 617, "width": 169, "height": 27, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ؾٚشد ظٌٛرشث ػجٌّبـ ٛ٠لاِ طبٙث ةشع - ٛ٠لاِ / ٜٚبج 32", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 619, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JK Transliterasi Latin/ Rumi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 665, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Untuk lancarnya penulisan, huruf Melayu bunyi", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 319, "top": 665, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ج - غ - ن - ْ -", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 667, "width": 400, "height": 21, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ny memakai bunyi n, metode cepat vtulis Melayu, nanti baru disalinkan lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 Untuk lancarnya penulisan, huruf Melayu bunyi ج - غ - ن - ْ - Ny memakai bunyi n, metode cepat vtulis Melayu, nanti baru disalinkan lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32 Untuk lancarnya penulisan, huruf Melayu bunyi ج - غ - ن - ْ - Ny memakai bunyi n, metode cepat vtulis Melayu, nanti baru disalinkan lagi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 404, "height": 83, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 ،ٞذٕوبٙغؽِ 1 Meng.u.sa.ha.kan.di.a, Dalam menuliskan bahasa Palembang Melayu bersuku tujuh kata , hanya suku kata ke -4 yang menggunakan tambahan huruf saksi untuk bunyi vokal : ا – ٚ - ٞ seperti (ٞذٕوبٙغؽِ) suku kata u.sa.ha . yang berbunyi ha saja ditambah huruf saksi alif sebagai vokal fathah/ a. Karena konsonan meng-kan dia, sudah diketahui para pembacanya yang terpelajar.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 214, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.Bahasa Arab yang diadopsi/ diserap dalam bahasa Melayu Palembang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 242, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui adanya bahasa Arab, peneliti menandainya dengan warna merah atau huruf miring. Adapun pembatasan hanya pada rukun keenam, menyangkut pembahasan unrtuk membangun rohan i umat, agar keyakinannya semakin kokoh dalam rangka membangun bangsanya sendiri dengan identitas khas Melayu Islam Nusantara.terutama menerangkan sinar bintang dalam sila pertama dalam pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 324, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Transliterasi dan transkripsi naskah dari aksara Arab ke huruf Latin menggunakan sistim yang sudah dituliskan oleh Tim penyunting dalam Katalog Naskah Palembang yang diterbitkan Yayasan Naskah Nusantara (YANASSA) bersama Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS) tahun 2004. sbb.: 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 377, "width": 368, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. ―....... dan yang keenam dari pada qowā „id al īm ān itu yaitu iman dengan qoḍō‟ # 34", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 405, "width": 374, "height": 27, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13. Allah Ta‟ala dan qodar-Nya , maka ketahui olehmu hai saudaraku bahwasanya segala yang berlaku#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 432, "width": 371, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14. di dalam „alam ini dari pada segala perbuatan dan perkataan hamba seperti gerak, dan diam,#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 463, "width": 371, "height": 24, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15. berdiri, dan duduk, makan dan minum dan barang sebagainya dari pada amal kebajikan,#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 488, "width": 372, "height": 27, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16. seperti iman dan ta‟at , dan kejahatan seperti kufur dan ma‟siat , sekalian itu dengan#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 515, "width": 372, "height": 28, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17. ditaqdirkan Allah Ta‟ala di dalam azal, dan dijadikannya serta dikehendakinya dengan qudrat-Nya #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 545, "width": 372, "height": 25, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18. dan irodat-Nya yang qodim , dan tiada dengan qudrat hamba yang baharu, karana adalah qudrat hamba yang#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 573, "width": 369, "height": 25, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19. baharu itu sekali-kali tiada memberi bekas –pengaruh- pada tiap- tiap suatu, .... <{ XXVIII }> akan tetapi ada bagi hamba itu#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 601, "width": 372, "height": 24, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20. kasab , artinya usaha dan ikhtiar artinya pilih antara berbuat suatu dan meninggalkan dia, maka bahwasanya Allah Ta‟ala #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 628, "width": 371, "height": 25, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21. jua yang menjadikan segala perbuatan hamba itu dan adalah hamba mengusahakan dia pada zohirnya #", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 399, "height": 34, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33 Penulis memilih naskah terbitan Makkah, karena ada taswibat/ ralatnya, sedangkan naskah kitab salinan tangan muridnya di Baturaja 1862 tak ada taswibatnya. Huruf Arab yang terpenting, misalnya: [ س - ح - ر - ص - ض – ط - ظ - ], digunakan aksara Latin berciri khas seperti: Ś, Ḥ, Ż, Ṣ, Ḍ, Ṭ,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ẓ. Copy naskah halaman 15-19 terlampir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34 Kata qoḍo` dipinjam dan dituliskan seperti aslinya, kalau ditranliterasi ke BI, lihat dlm KBBI... kodok??", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 116, "width": 372, "height": 25, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22. dengan usaha dan ikhtiar maka disandarkan usaha dan ikhtiar Itu bagi hamba pada zohirnya jua#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 141, "width": 372, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23. dan pada usaha dan ikhtiar itulah tempat ta‟luk hokum syara‟ pada hamba, maka wajiblah atas#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 169, "width": 371, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24. tiap-tiap „akil balig laki-laki dan perempuan menuntut dan memilih antara baik dan jahat pada#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 196, "width": 372, "height": 28, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25. hukum syara‟ , akan tetapi pada hakekatnya sekali-kali tiada bagi hamba itu empunya usaha dan #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 224, "width": 371, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26. ikhtiar hanya sekaliannya itu dari pada Allah Ta‟ala jua, maka jadilah hamba itu pada zohirnya #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 254, "width": 371, "height": 25, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27. mukhtar dan pada batinnya mujtahid majbur , maka apabila sembahyang seorang umpamanya, maka dikata yang sembahyang#", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 282, "width": 371, "height": 24, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28. itu hamba, dan yang menjadikan perbuatan sembahyang itu Allah Ta‟ala jua dengan qudrat-Nya #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 309, "width": 371, "height": 25, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29. yang qodim , maka dikata yang sembahyang itu hamba hanya pada zohirnya jua, adapaun pada hakekatnya #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 334, "width": 371, "height": 28, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30. semata-mata Allah Ta‟ala , dan demikian lagi seperti makan dan minum, akan tetapi adalah adab #", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 365, "width": 371, "height": 24, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31. tata keramanya hendaklah dibangsakan yang baik itu dari pada Tuhan, dan yang jahat# 15", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab Fusha pada Naskah Halaman 15-19;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 436, "width": 403, "height": 149, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah ini dikarang pada pertengahan abad ke-19 M., masa perluasan wilayah jajahan Belanda dan sekutunya. Masa yang dapat melumpuhkan potensi penduduk pribumi yang dijajah, khususnya umat Muslim selaku mayoritas dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk bidang budaya, lebih khusus lagi bahasa Melayu Palembang sebagai bahasa beragama dan bermasyarakat sebagai identitas dan jatidirinya. Pihak musuh menggunakan sarana politik, tehnologi, gulden, dan senjata modern, kaum Muslimin yang dipimpin ulama`nya hanya bermodalkan ajaran Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan. Salah satu senjata Iman itu adalah bagaimana memahamkan umat Islam akan makna perjuangan menegakkan tauhid di bumi Nusantara. Maka sarana yang amat strategis adalah mencerdaskan mereka, agar mampu membaca dan mengarang serta berhitung dalam huruf Arab Melayu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 587, "width": 401, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kosa kata bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Melayu yang berasal dari bahasa Arab cukup banyak, diperkirakan sekitar 2.000 - 3.000. Namun frekuensinya tidak terlalu besar. Secara relatif diperkirakan jumlah ini antara 10 % - 15 %. Sebagian kata-kata Arab ini masih utuh dalam arti yang sesuai antara lafal dan maknanya , dan ada sebagian lagi berubah . Pertama, lafal dan arti masih sesuai dengan aslinya: seperti, a) abad, batil, daftar, hikmah, ilmu, jawab, khidmat, lafaz, musyawarah, nisbah, syariat, ulama, wajib,zakat, dls.;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 684, "width": 399, "height": 52, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kedua, lafalnya berubah, artinya tetap; berkah, barakat, atau berkat dari kata barakah, derajat dari kata darajah, jenis dari kata jins, kabar dari kata khabar, lafal dari kata lafazh, makalah dari kata maqalatun, resmi dari kata rasmiyyun,soal dari kata suaalun; Nama-nama hari dalam sepekan : Ahad (belakangan jadi Minggu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 21", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 399, "height": 108, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "artinya=1 atau hari Ahad), Senin (Isnaini=2 atau hari Senin), Selasa (Tsulatsaa), Rabu (Arbi'aa), Kamis (Khamiis), Jumat (Jumu'ah) dan Sabtu (sabtun) ketiga, lafal dan arti berubah dari lafal dan arti semula, keparat dalam bahasa Indonesia merupakan kata makian yang kira-kira bersepadan dengan kata sialan, berasal dari kata kufarat yang berarti orang kafir ( jamak ); logat dalam bahasa Indonesia bermakna dialek atau aksen, berasal dari kata lughah yang bermakna bahasa atau aksen; naskah dari kata nuskhatun yang bermakna secarik kertas.; perlu, berasal dari kata fardhu yang bermakna harus.petuah dalam bahasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 226, "width": 374, "height": 25, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia bermakna nasihat, berasal dari kata fatwa yang bermakna pendapat hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 254, "width": 384, "height": 52, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keempat, lafalnya benar, artinya berubah; ahli, dalam bahasa indonesia bermakna orang yang mempunyai kemampuan, berasal dari bahasa Arab yang bermakna luas yaitu orang yang berasal dari \"kalimat\" dalam bahasa Indonesia bermakna rangkaian kata-kata, berasal dari bahasa Arab yang bermakna kata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 306, "width": 278, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "siasat, juga bermakna politik dalam bahasa arab modern 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti apa bahasa Melayu Palembang pada masa lalu. Adakah kata serapan dari bahasa agama (Islam) di dalamnya melebihi bahasa asli Melayu. Kata serapan berarti kata pinjaman atau pungutan dari bahasa non Melayu, dalam hal ini bahasa asing. Kata serapan adalah kata yang berasal dari bahasa asing yang sudah diintegrasikan ke dalam suatu bahasa dan diterima pemakaiannya secara umum. 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 406, "width": 399, "height": 39, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dibawah ini adalah kata ser5apan bahasa Arab Fussha dalam bahasa Melayu Palembang seperti tertuang dalam naskah Palembang tahun 1842 seperti sbb.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 459, "width": 176, "height": 13, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. qowā „id al īmān, iman, qoḍō‟#", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 458, "width": 314, "height": 42, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( ءبضل ،ْبّ٠ا ،ْبّ٠لإا ذعاٛل ) ....... . ...................... 04 13. Allah Ta‟ala, qodarnya # ( ،ٌٝبعر الله ْسذل ) ................................................................. 03", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 284, "top": 500, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14. „alam #", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 513, "width": 416, "height": 180, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( ٌُبع ) ............................................................................................................ 01 15. amal # ( ًّع ) ......................................................................................................... 01 16. iman, ta‟at, kufur, ma‟siat # ( ،شفو ،خعبط ،ْبّ٠ا خ١صعِ ) .............................................. 04 17. ditaqdirkan, Allah, Ta‟ala, azal, qudrat # ( حسذل ،يصا ،ٌٝبعر الله ،ٓوش٠ذمرد ) ............ 01 + 04 18. irodat, qodim, qudrat, qudrat # ( ،حسذل ،ُ٠ذل ،حداسا حسذل ) ............................................... 04 19. - # .................................................................................................................... 00 20. kasab, ikhtiar, Allah, Ta‟ala# ( ٌٝبعر الله ،سب١زخا ،تغو ) .......................................... 04", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 711, "width": 390, "height": 23, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35 https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kata_serapan_dari_bahasa_Arab_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia , 07.08.2017.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 394, "height": 23, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36 https://www.google.com/search?q=kata+serapan+%3F&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-ab , diakses 07.08.2017.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 113, "width": 414, "height": 402, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21. zohir# ( ش٘بظ ) ............... ...................................................................................... 01 22. ikhtiar, ikhtiar, zohir ( ش٘بظ ،سب١زخا ،سب١زخا ) ........................................................ 03 23. ikhtiar, ta‟luk, hukum syara‟, wajiblah # ( ٍٗججاٚ ،عشش ُىد ،كٍعر ،سب١زخا ) .. .... ... 01+04 24. „akil, balig, # ( ػٌبث ،ًلبع ) ................................................................................ 02 25. hukumsyara‟, hakekatnya,# ( ٓزم١مد ،عشش ُىد ) .. ........................................... 01+02 26. ikhtiar, Allah, Ta‟ala, zohirnya# ( ْش٘بظ ،ٌٝبعر الله ،سب١زخا ) .. ............................. 01+03 27. mukhtar, batinnya, mujtahid, majbur# .. ........................................................ 01+03 28. Allah, Ta‟ala,qudrat-Nya# .. .......................................................................... 01+02 29. qodim, zohirnya, hakekatnya# .. ..................................................................... 02+01 30. Allah, Ta‟ala, adab# .. .......................................................................................... 03 31. - #15.. .................................................................................................................. 00 ^*^ Halaman 15 dalam Naskah ‗Atiyyah Fasal Rukun iman ke enam: qodo` dan kodar Prg f L n CNS CWS Words: 291 Keterangan: msdr/masdrmm/sifat/muballagoh / fail/maf‘ul/zaman/makan, alat,dll BMP", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 269, "top": 490, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 305, "top": 476, "width": 30, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PBAF", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 487, "width": 8, "height": 7, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 116, "top": 518, "width": 397, "height": 163, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 42 1.72 5 2.02 0 248 43+ ulang 21 kosa kata BAF tak berulang 01. Qur‟an, mā, aṣōbaka, min, ḥasanatin, fa, min, allah, wa, mā, aṣobaka, - # .... Q+01 02. min, sayyiatin, fa, min, nafsika)# .. ................................................................. Q+00 03. Allah, Ta‟ala, XXIX, Ta‟ala,# .. ........................................................................... 03 04. - # .. ....................................................................................................................... 00 05. wa, mā, aṣōba, kum, min, muṣībatin, fa,bimā, kasabat, aidīkum,# ..................", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 684, "width": 32, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Q+00", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37 Ciri bahasa Melayu Plg serapan/ pinjaman karena tanpa ada terjemahan, dipastikan, pembacanya sdh paham. Misalnya tulisan kalimat toyyibah, solawat atas a Nabi, hamdalah, dls.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 23", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 114, "width": 390, "height": 13, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "06. ma‟siat- {musibah ?}, dipaham, # ....................................................................", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 130, "width": 392, "height": 232, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "01+01 07. hakekatnya, Allah, Ta‟ala# .. ......................................................................... 01+02 08. qul, kullun, min, „indi allāhi, Allah, Ta‟ala#, .....................................................Q+02 09. syahdan, amal,iman, ditaqdirkan, Allah# ........................................................ 01+04 10. Ta‟ala, dikeredoi- Nya, amal# .. ..................................................................... 01+02 11. kufur, ma‟siat, ditaqdirkan, Allah, Ta‟ala# ..................................................... 01+04 12. dikeredoi-Nya, i‟tiqod# .. ................................................................................ 01+01 13. Ahl, al-sunnah, wa, al-jama‟ah, i‟tiqod, kaum# .................................................... 06 14. kaum, i‟tiqod, ulama, wajib# .................................................................................. 04", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 362, "width": 391, "height": 13, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15. mukallaf, mengi‟tiqodkan, i‟tiqod qodariyah# ...............................................", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 378, "width": 392, "height": 343, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "01+02 16. „alam, # ................................................................................................................... 01 17. XXX, # ................................................................................................................... 00 18. iman, ta‟at, kufur, ma‟siat, # .................................................................................. 04 19. qudrat, Allah, Ta‟ala,ikhtiar,# ................................................................................ 04 20. qudrat, Allah, Ta‟ala, qodim, i‟tiqod, Qodarriyah# ............................................... 06 21. qudrat, # ................................................................................................................. 01 22. mubasyarah, i‟tiqod, batil, # ................................................................................... 03 23. beri‟tikod, bid‟ah, fasiq, di i‟tiqodkannya# ................................................... 02+02 24. qudrat, qodim, dii‟tiqodkannya, qudrot, qodim,# ........................................... 01+04 25. syakk, kufurnya. na‟uzu, billāhi, minhā. ulama‟, warā`a, al-nahri,# ............... 01+07 26. mengkafirkan, kaum, qodariyyah, ithlaq,# ....................................................... 01+03 27. dii‟tiqodkan, qudrat, qodim, #, ......................................................................... 01+02", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 120, "top": 721, "width": 387, "height": 13, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28. beri‟tiqod, kaum, musyrik, mengisbatkan-memastikan # ................................", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 296, "top": 737, "width": 35, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "02+02", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 97, "top": 38, "width": 415, "height": 25, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abd. Azim Amin | Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 24", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 404, "height": 484, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29. Allah, Ta‟ala, # ....................................................................................................... 02 30. Allah, Ta‟ala, Nasroni, # ......................................................................................... 03 31. i‟qtiqod, jabariyah, „alam,#16 ................................................................................ 03 01.faedahnya, yakin, faedahnya# ................................................................. 02+01 02. kalimah, # .................................................................................................. 01 03.berakal,# ............................................................................................... 01+00 04. - # ............................................................................................................. 00 05.wa, hāzā, ākhiru, mā, yajibu, „alā, al- mukallaf. ma‟rifatuhu, mimmā, aradnā, fa, al-hamdu li allāhi, „alā# ........................................................................................15 06. mā, manna, bihi, „alainā, zohiron, wa, bāthinan,# ....................................... 07 07.wajib, mukallaf, # .................................................................................................. 02 08. Allah, Ta‟ala, # ....................................................................................................... 02 09. zahir, batin, wa sholla Allāhu „alā khoiri kholqihi# ............................................... 08 10. sayyidinā Muhammad wa ālihi wa sohbihi# ......................................................... 06 11. rahmat, Allah, Ta‟ala, Allah, Ta‟ala,# ................................................................... 05 12. nabi, Muhammad, shollā, Allāhu, „alaihi,# .......................................................... 05 13. wa sallam, # ........................................................................................................... 02 14. sohabatnya. 19 ..................................................................................... 01+00 Halaman 19 dalam Naskah ‗Atiyyah Fasal Rukun iman ke enam: qodo` dan kodar Prgf Ln CNS CWS Words: 161 Keterangan;masdar/ sifat muballagoh/ fail/ dll BMPA PBAF 38 20 42 1.725 2.020 000 00+ulang 00 kosa kata BAF tak berulang;", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 616, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 631, "width": 396, "height": 80, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan Naskah yang ditulis pada tahun 1842 berjudul ― ‟Athiyatu r-Rahman fi Bayani Qowa‟idi l-Iman ‖ oleh Kemas Muhammad Azhari bin Abdullah bin Ahmad Alfalimbani (1811-1874) di kota Makkah dengan huruf dan angka Jawi. Dalam naskah cetakan Makkah secara jelas disebutkannya bahasa Melayu Palembang yang digunakan dalam mengarang kitabnya tersebut. Bahasa Melayu Palembang, sebagaimana bahasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38 Ciri bahasa Melayu Plg serapan/ pinjaman karena tanpa ada terjemahan, dipastikan, pembacanya sdh paham. Misalnya tulisan kalimat toyyibah, solawat atas a Nabi, hamdalah, dls.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 100, "top": 38, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. XVIII No. 2, 2018 | 25", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 780, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2018, Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, p-ISSN 1412- 9027, e-ISSN 2622-531X", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 396, "height": 177, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melayu lainnya, pada awalnya merupakan bahasa Isyarat, dan berkembang sebagai Lisan, dan bahasa Tulis. Bahasa Melayu Palembang termasuk sebagai bahasa persatuan pada masa itu, bahkan hingga kini, terutama dalam mempersatukan beragam bahasa suku di Sumatera Selatan dan daerah sekitarnya, yang dipakai dalam pergaulan atau hubungan antara suku-suku bangsa yang ada di negara tersebut, seperti di Nusantara. Dalam menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang ini, hampir semua huruf Arab dipinjam, baik untuk menuliskan bahasa Melayu Palembang itu sendiri maupun konsep ajaran agama Islam. Kosa kata bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Melayu yang berasal dari bahasa Arab cukup banyak, diperkirakan sekitar 2.000 - 3.000. Namun frekuensinya tidak terlalu besar. Secara relatif diperkirakan jumlah ini antara 10 % - 15 %. Sebagian kata- kata Arab ini masih utuh dalam arti yang sesuai antara lafal dan maknanya , dan ada sebagian lagi berubah .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 351, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemas Muhammad Azhari bin Abdullah bin Ahmad Alfalimbani. 1842. Naskah ― ‟Athiyatu r-Rahman fi Bayani Qowa‟idi l-Iman ‖. Mekkah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 378, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Behrend, T.E., 1993. \"Manuscript Production in Nineteenth-Century Java. Codicology and The Writing of Javanese Literary History\", dalam BKI 149: Journal of The Royal Institute of Linguistic and Anthropology.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hanafiah, Djohan, 1989. Kuto Besak: Upaya Kesultanan Palembang Menegakkan Kemerdekaan. Jakarta: CVH Masagung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 447, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-------, 1995. Melayu Jawa: Citra Budaya dan Sejarah Palembang. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 475, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iskandar, Teuku, 1996. Kesusastraan Melayu Klasik Sepanjang Abad. Jakarta: Libra.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 503, "width": 399, "height": 24, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kratz, E.U., 1981. \"Running a Lending Library in Palembang in 1886 AD\", dalam Indonesia Circle 14.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 530, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peeters, Jeroen, 1997. Kaum Tuo-Kaum Mudo Perubahan Religius di Palembang. Jakarta: INIS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 558, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plomp, M., 1993. \"Traditional Binding from Indonesia Materials\", dalam BKI 149: Journal of the Royal Institute of Linguistic and Anthropology.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rukmi, Maria Indra, 1997. Penyalinan Naskah Melayu di Jakarta pada Abad XIX Naskah Algemeene Secretnrie Kajian dari Segi Kodikologi. Jakarta: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 627, "width": 397, "height": 25, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Steenbrink, Karel A., 1984. Beberapa Aspek tentang Islam di Indonesia Abad ke- 19. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "51", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 184, "width": 438, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Development of A Vocational Skills Training Model for Construction Workers", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 234, "width": 414, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lilis Widaningsih 1 *, Fauzi Rahmanullah 2 , Trias Megayanti 3 , Yudhistira Kusuma 4 , Indah Susanti 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 260, "width": 240, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 273, "width": 315, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] A B S T R A C T", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 404, "top": 288, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 305, "width": 297, "height": 320, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The development of culture and technology in responding to human needs in architecture and physical infrastructure development requires an acceleration in the skills of construction workers. Many factors become obstacles for construction workers to be able to compete and improve their skills. One of them is access to education and skills training because of the lack of information and opportunities they can get. This study aims to develop a vocational skills training model oriented to the certification of skilled workers in the construction industry. The development of the training model is made through stages that refer to research and development of Logic Model Development. The process carried out includes the planning, implementation, analysis, testing and finalization of the training model. Data collection was carried out through surveys of construction worker service users, FGD with training model development experts, FGD with construction industry stakeholders, theoretical analysis, and policies as materials for model development. The findings of this study are in the form of a training model that develops networks and collaborations between institutions related to skilled workers in the construction industry. Vocational universities have the potential to strengthen and facilitate construction workers in improving job skills and certifying skilled workers. In the long term, this model is expected to become a prototype for a sustainable vocational skills training system for construction workers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 393, "top": 305, "width": 124, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History: Submitted/Received 11 November", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 393, "top": 327, "width": 20, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 393, "top": 338, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "First Revised 29 December 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 393, "top": 349, "width": 114, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted 30 January 2023 First Available online 1 March 2023 Publication Date 1 March 2023 ____________________", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 393, "top": 406, "width": 64, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword: Training model, Vocational skills,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 393, "top": 439, "width": 78, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Construction workers", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 143, "top": 83, "width": 314, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Architectural Research and Education", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 101, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal homepage: https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jare", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 45, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Architectural Research and Education 5 (1) (2023) 51 - 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 38, "width": 437, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52 | Journal of Architectural Research and Education (jare) 5 (1) (2023) 51 - 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 66, "width": 98, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vocational education has a broad spectrum, not only in formal education but also growing and developing traditionally through cultural inheritance in various groups of people with different traditions (Lilis Widaningsih et al., 2018). Products such as culinary delights, clothing from various regions, various types of handicraft tools, agricultural techniques, to unique skills in carpentry shown by the diversity of traditional village architecture are examples of vocational skills born from the culture of Indonesian society.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The development of culture and technology in responding to human needs in architecture and other physical infrastructure development requires an acceleration in the skills abilities of construction workers. In many aspects, the skills inherited by tradition cannot respond to construction work needs with new materials and technology. Certified skill standards inevitably must be possessed by construction workers who are involved in various construction projects.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As a vulnerable group of workers, construction workers face various obstacles in improving work skills following today's demands, such as new technology and the need to have skilled worker certification. Their self-taught skills and traditional learning from their predecessors have implications for forming work attitudes and limited knowledge and skills in building. On the other hand, their access to education and skills training is limited because there is no information and opportunities that they can get.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 442, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Another problem is related to the lack of information about certification and the benefits obtained from it. Until now, the socialization from the government has not yet reached many workers. Also, the ambiguous attitude of the construction industry, which has not consistently applied the requirements for certified workers, has made this condition even more challenging (L. Widaningsih et al., 2020). This condition is one of the reasons for the difficulty in structuring the construction workforce in an employment pattern that can guarantee their rights, standardize wages, and secure their access to education and training to improve work skills (Rothenberg dkk., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 442, "height": 144, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This paper aims to design a vocational education and training model for construction workers oriented toward the construction industry's needs and skills certification. The model developed is the result of research on construction workers, which is carried out in stages starting from ethnographic and ethno-andragogic studies on the inheritance of job skills. From these findings, a follow-up study was carried out involving relevant stakeholders from the government, construction industry, associations, and other construction worker service users with surveys and focus group discussions (FGD) on obtaining factual data for the needs of model development formulations. The results of this model development are expected to become a prototype or guide in implementing vocational skills training for construction workers in Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 620, "width": 120, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model development is carried out by adopting Logic Models (W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 1998) to produce a relatively simple picture that reflects how and why this program is essential and serves as a guide in implementing it. In general, Logic Models are systematic visual representations that inform how a program can work. Logic Models connect operational resources, planned activities, and changes or results to be achieved both short and long-term.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data and information collection techniques are carried out by surveying construction workers, policy analysis, and focus group discussions (FGD) with relevant stakeholders from the government, associations, the construction industry, and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 38, "width": 318, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widaningsih et al., Development of A Vocational Skills Training Model … | 53", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 66, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "academia. Data from surveys, policy studies, and FGDs are input data on situations and problems used as the basis for developing models and programs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 149, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 122, "width": 223, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skilled Workers in the Construction Industry", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 137, "width": 442, "height": 217, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skilled workers in the construction industry in Indonesia consist of several classifications of expertise, including construction competence in architecture, construction competence in the civil sector, construction competence in the mechanical sector, competence in construction in the electrical industry, competence in construction in the field of environmental management, and competence in construction in the field of executive management (Direktorat Jenderal Bina Konstruksi, 2016). Each competency has a specific range of skill standards for each job. The form of recognition of the skills possessed is a Skills Certificate (SC). The regulations regarding SC are contained in the Construction Services Development Agency (LPJK No. 6 Tahun 2017). The number of SCs per Field Classification in 2020 amounted to 705,302 certified skilled workers, including 223,699 competent in the Architecture field, 343,952 Civil Sector competence, 54,557 Mechanical Competence, 28,378 Electrical Competency, and 31,311 Environmental Management Competency, and others 23,402 (Binakonstruksi.pu.go.id, 2020). However, this number is still far from the total construction workers recorded of 8.3 million people (BPS, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 442, "height": 188, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The construction industry's need for certified skilled workers has not met expectations. The number of skilled workers increases every year, but the increase is not proportional to the number of construction workers involved in various projects. Therefore, skills certification is fundamental to provide opportunities for skilled workers (builders) to gain recognition for their skills. However, the increase in the achievement of certified skilled workers is still constrained by various factors, including traditional work culture, lack of certification knowledge and information, an institutional certification system that has not been well integrated, difficulty in accessing workers to education and training, and lack of recognition indicated by an increase in welfare related to the minimum wage (L. Widaningsih et al., 2020). The background of construction workers from traditional communities with education, knowledge, and skills passed down from their parents forms a mindset that is still far from understanding certification (Rivelino, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One of the main problems in the work pattern of construction workers is the attitude and behavior of implementing Occupational Safety and Health (OHS), which is a prerequisite for working performance in the construction industry (Murtinugraha dan Anisah, 2019). OHS is an important aspect of vocational skills that need to be trained for construction workers. Many studies on construction workers have raised the K-3 issue as a priority in training (Endroyo et al., 2015; Demirkesen and Arditi, 2015; Lingard, 2002).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 650, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Needs in the Construction Industry", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 442, "height": 100, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research aims to develop a vocational training model that is oriented toward the certification needs of skilled workers. Conceptually, developing a training model for job skills involves various aspects that are studied comprehensively concerning empirical, theoretical studies, and related policy studies to produce models that can be applied practically. For this reason, a survey was conducted on a sample of workers in construction implementation. Respondents selected are those who use the services of construction workers (builders). They work as architectural consultants, implementing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 38, "width": 437, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54 | Journal of Architectural Research and Education (jare) 5 (1) (2023) 51 - 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 66, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "contractors, or supervising consultants which are currently working on ongoing projects with various project values. They are on different project lines, both in the private sector, in government, and as independent consultants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 442, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From a total of 53 respondents, most of them felt that training construction workers to strengthen their skills was important. However, not many construction workers have attended the training. According to the survey, the number of workers who have attended training is only around 50%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to construction worker service users, \"Not Knowing Information on Job Training\" is the leading cause of not obtaining specific skills training. The second reason for not getting particular skills training for workers is \"The Builders' Skills Are Enough Without Training.\" The third cause for not obtaining specific skills training for workers is \"There is no Specific Institution that Provides Skills Training.\" Meanwhile, \"Training Costs (which are) Expensive for Builders\" is the last cause.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 442, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "When it is related to the need for construction worker certification in the present, training is a fundamental aspect that workers must obtain. By following thorough training, a worker will get recognition of his skills. A certification is a legal form of credit. There should be more benefits for workers if they already have a skills certificate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 442, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is in line with the survey results stating that certified workers have a higher income than workers without certificates (69.8%). Some noted that the workers' income level after certification had not changed (26.4%). When examined further, this situation tends to be influenced by conditions and regulations in the local country. Having skills certificates for workers is not yet fundamental in Indonesia. Both certified and uncertified workers still tend to get the same position as long as they have qualified skills. Often the seniority of workers is also a determining factor. As a real example in the field, ownership of certification will be prioritized by respondents (worker users) in recruiting workers if it is included in the procurement requirements. Respondents tend not to prioritize ownership of skills certificates for construction workers when there is no demand, and few respondents require their workers to have skills certificates", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 691, "width": 427, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1: Causes of Construction Workers Not Receiving Specific Skills Training, 2022, barchart. Source: Authors, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vocational Skills Training", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 732, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Training is a part of education that concerns the learning process to acquire and improve skills outside the prevailing education system, in a relatively short time, and by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 38, "width": 318, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widaningsih et al., Development of A Vocational Skills Training Model … | 55", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 66, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "prioritizing practice rather than theory (Rae, 2005). In general, training is a part of education that describes a process in organizational and community development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 442, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The fundamental problem of the construction sector workforce is low job skills if it is related to the demands of the current development needs of building technology and the demands for skills certification with national and international standards. Both hard skills and soft skills tend to be lower than workers in other countries who have certificates. Hard skills concern technical skills in construction work, while soft skills concern work attitudes, values, work norms, discipline, and the application of occupational health and safety.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 442, "height": 144, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The limited skills of construction workers have become an obstacle to the transformation and innovation of the construction industry (Jide et al., 2017). The research on construction workers in China analyzed how the government and companies were involved or participated in providing skills training for construction workers. Improving workers' skills and increasing welfare through the provision of wages and government subsidies in skills training are needed to meet the interests of all parties. Worker-related institutions should pursue various skills improvement programs. The findings of this study illustrate that the weak skills of construction workers who come from rural areas are the responsibility of industry and government to provide skills training before they work and when they work (pre and on-the-job).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 442, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The development of a modern industry that is currently entering the \"fourth industrial revolution\" emphasizes the magnitude of the challenges each country must face in preparing its human resources. The advancement of construction industry technology which continues to increase, requires an acceleration in fulfilling workers with vocational education and training in a sustainable manner. Research by Gann, D., and Senker, in the UK, found that training in formal institutions failed to adapt to the needs arising from industrial modernization. Proper training is deemed contextually inappropriate, many of which are out of date. This research is an evaluation that aims to provide a framework for analyzing the need for skills in modern performance by providing policy recommendations in decision-making in government, companies, and training institutions (Gann & Senker, 1998). Meanwhile, the role of education and training in encouraging the development of efforts to improve the performance of national construction workers can be done through capacity building, which is focused on the micro-level (Djatnika et al., 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 442, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Training for construction workers, especially workers in Indonesia, has become the government's main focus and the private sector. Through the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, the government has made various efforts to increase the competence of construction workers, with the hope that it will have an impact on accelerating the equalization of net income received by Indonesian construction workers at the ASEAN level. Training has always been an essential method for meeting the needs of workers in the Industry. Based on the phenomena and strategic issues that Indonesian construction workers face, the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing has made a policy direction for education in the construction services sector. In the short term, the policy direction and strategy for productivity and competitiveness are realized, one of which is the emphasis on vocational education and training based on industrial cooperation. They have developed more than 40 training modules and competency tests for skilled workers and developed a remote training and competency test mechanism, namely SIBIMA (Independent Learning Information System). To date, six optional packages have been", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 38, "width": 437, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56 | Journal of Architectural Research and Education (jare) 5 (1) (2023) 51 - 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 66, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "designed, including four training packages and two competency test packages that workers can access easily via smartphones.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 442, "height": 187, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The government's efforts to increase the capacity of construction workers are carried out based on the mandate of Law No.2 of 2017 concerning construction services that require certified construction workers (Undang Undang No 2 Tahun 2017). The management of training for construction workers is divided into two powers. The first authority rests with the central government, and the second is under the control of local governments. Through the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, the central government, the Directorate General of Construction, is tasked with regulating pilot training, national coverage construction service information systems, foreign construction service business licenses, and preparation of competency and training standards. The Provincial Government is tasked with organizing expert training to post-training monitoring and identifying deadlines for expert certification. Meanwhile, the City and District governments are tasked with managing skilled workers' training to monitor post- training and identifying deadlines for certification of skilled workers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 286, "width": 442, "height": 305, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As construction worker service users, construction service entrepreneurs also participate in providing training for their workers. However, several obstacles related to the standard wages of certified workers that are not yet firm, the limitation on the number of skills that can be licensed for each worker, and the continuity of certificates that are only valid for one year are obstacles for employers. Another obstacle is the high costs that must be incurred and the low appreciation of the community for the certification of workers in the construction industry (Dardiri et al., 2017). Therefore, construction entrepreneurs will usually only prioritize their builders to take part in training related to the use of new materials needed in projects under construction that require special skills in their use. Construction entrepreneurs will usually work closely with material providers in the implementation of training. Acceleration of technology and materials is also a factor for entrepreneurs cooperating directly with technology and material providers for training without involving the government. This kind of collaboration has become a global trend to respond to local needs by decision-making at the local level, where action and consequences are faster than waiting for the central government (Fenner et al. 2018). As previously mentioned, construction workers in Indonesia are workers who acquire their skills informally. Therefore, onsite training is also an option for construction entrepreneurs because it is considered to be more effective according to needs. Onsite training is designed for construction workers working in the field to meet needs according to the work they are doing painting, plastering, processing, and laying bricks (Alwi, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 442, "height": 143, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Various efforts to increase the skills capacity of construction workers carried out by the government and the private sector must be implemented to meet the need for certified construction workers. However, training efforts at the micro level carried out by both the government and the private sector also need to be balanced with the validation of skills certification already owned by craftsmen that can be accessed easily through a system that integrates the entire work history of the workers. Employee training is also expected to improve worker performance which will affect the quality of work, working time, work effectiveness and efficiency, security procedures, and awareness of the rules that workers must obey. As it is known, low worker skills will impact poor work quality, weak productivity, and increase the number of work accidents (Riaz, 2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 38, "width": 318, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widaningsih et al., Development of A Vocational Skills Training Model … | 57", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 66, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model, Analysis Result of Logic Model, and Model Stages", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model development is carried out by adopting Logic Models (W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 1998) to produce a relatively simple picture reflecting how and why this program is essential. Logic Models are developed collaboratively in an inclusive, collegial process involving as many key stakeholders as possible. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to assist program planners.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 442, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In general, a logic model is a systematic visual image informing how a program can work. The logical model connects operational resources, planned activities, and the changes or results to be achieved, both short and long term. Logic models are practical tools to help ensure the success of a program. Because the logical model takes the form of a visual diagram, planners can see all aspects systematically from planning, management, and evaluation functions. The logical model can show all the potential and obstacles in a program. Planners can flexibly develop various scenarios to determine the best scheme. The basic logic model can be seen in figure. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 394, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2: Basic Logic Model, 2022, Schematic chart.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 269, "top": 407, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Authors", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 442, "height": 173, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Planned work explains what inputs must be provided and what will be done with these inputs. Meanwhile, Intended results describe all forms of results to be achieved through the planned program. Here are the components of the planned work and intended outcomes: (1) Resources/inputs are all resources that can support the work of a program. This includes people, organizations, money, and so on; (2) Program Activities are processes or work carried out using resources to achieve the desired results. This stage involves equipment, technology, and action; (3) Outputs are products resulting from processes that have been carried out; (4) Outcomes are specific changes (improvements) in the target participants' behavior, knowledge, abilities, status, or function; (5) The impact is a long-term change that occurs in a community or system due to program activities. This can also be seen as a reflection of the model's success that will happen in the next 7-10 years.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 597, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From this basic model, the researcher develops a contextual model for research. A vocational training development model for construction workers was formed by collecting various variables and data from various sources as seen in figure 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 38, "width": 437, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58 | Journal of Architectural Research and Education (jare) 5 (1) (2023) 51 - 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 781, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ jare.v5i1.51911 p- ISSN 2776-9909 e- ISSN 2580-1279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 339, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3: Development of Vocational Training Models for Construction Workers, Skilled Workers Certification Oriented, 2022, Schematic chart.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 366, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Authors", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 83, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 442, "height": 188, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Increasing vocational skills for construction workers in responding to the needs of the construction industry in the modern era must be a significant concern. Based on various studies, its implementation requires cooperation between interested parties. The regulations governing employment, the obligation to improve the quality of work skills, the commitment to attend training and certification are the basis for each stakeholder in providing training for workers, including construction workers in the construction industry. The adaptation of Logic Models in developing a training model can be a systematic and straightforward description of how to map problems, analyze and synthesize issues, design activities to be carried out, and map stakeholder/participant involvement. Furthermore, it is no less important to measure the program's impact in the short, medium, and long term. This model can be optimally implemented through collaboration between institutions with the same goal of improving the quality of vocational skills of construction workers and helping them gain easy access to training.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 629, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 643, "width": 443, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alwi, S. (2004). Training Field Personnel for Small To Medium Construction Companies : an Alternative Tool To Increase. Tarumanagara University, 1 – 13.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 677, "width": 387, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Binakonstruksi.pu.go.id. (2020). Data Tenaga Terampil Konstruksi (TT) dan SKT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BPS. (2018). Dirjen Bina Konstruksi : Pelaksana Pengadaan harus Pahami Peratu ran Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Konstruksi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 729, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dardiri, A., Sutrisno, Kuncoro, T., Ichwanto, M. A., & Suparji. (2017). Enhancing the competitiveness of skilled construction workers through collaborative education and training. 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Procedia Engineering, 125, 83 – 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.013", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FENNER, A. E., MORQUE, S., SULLIVAN, J., J., C., & KIBERT. (2018). Emerging workforce training methods for the construction industry. Conference: Construction Research Congress 2018, 7(2), 1 – 16.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gann, D., & Senker, P. (1998). Construction skills training for the next millennium. Construction Management and Economics, 16, 569 – 580.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 442, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jide, S., Xincheng, W., & Liangfa, S. (2017). Chinese construction workers' behaviour towards attending vocational skills trainings: Evolutionary game theory with government participation. Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 23, 468 – 485. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236198.2016.1258068", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingard, H. (2002). The effect of first aid training on Australian construction workers' occupational health and safety motivation and risk control behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 33, 209 – 230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00013-0", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 312, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LPJK. (2017). 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[ { "left": 327, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : --------- (Online) 1858-4756 (Print)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 47, "width": 434, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Web: http://wastu.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/wastu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 63, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik, Arsitektur Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Alamat: Jl.Ketintang Madya VII/2 Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 793, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 Oktober 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 796, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 106, "width": 423, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kajian Ruang Terbuka Hijau (Rth) Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Permasalahan Jalur Hijau Di Kota Surabaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 196, "width": 380, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahrus Ali 1 , Moh. Saiful Hakiki 2* , Eddy Imam Santoso 2 , Clara Sarti Widawati 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 215, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanaian, Universitas erdeka Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 234, "width": 329, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Progam Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, UniversitasMerdeka Surabaya E-mail: * [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 274, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 286, "width": 435, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemacetan sebagai akibat dari kepadatan penduduk di Kota Surabaya mengakibatkan peningkatan kuantitas gas CO2 yang tidak sehat bagi masyarakat. Ditambah dengan dialihfungsikannya jalur hijau menjadi SPBU sehingga mengurangi luas area jalur hijau yang sebenarnya dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Hal ini memerlukan identifikasi dan kajian sehingga diharapkan dapat diperoleh program yang menjadi solusi bagi kesehatan, kenyamanan dan keindahan di tengah Kota Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Critical Thinking , yaitu kegiatan mengamati, mengumpulkan data-data visi, tujuan, referensi dan juga metode serta pelaksanaan di kondisi empiris, untuk kemudian dilakukan analisa apakah kondisi empiris telah bekerja dengan baik atau tidak berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan data-data yang diperoleh dari referensi tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pengembalian RTH di kota Surabaya merupakan upaya pemerintah daerah yang cukup tepat, dimana dengan mengembalikan fungsi RTH setidaknya pemerintah sudah menambah jumlah taman kota yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Namun perlu diperhatikan juga bahwa dalam setiap taman kota tersebut perlu dilengkapi sarana untuk pembuangan sampah / bak sampah untuk lebih menyadarkan masyarakat akan pentingnya kebersihan taman kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 383, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Arsitektur Kota, Arsitektur Lingkungan, Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Critical Thinking", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 489, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 500, "width": 441, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Congestion as a result of population density in the city of Surabaya resulted in an increase in the quantity of CO2 gas which is unhealthy for the community. Coupled with the conversion of the green line into a gas station, it reduces the area of the green line that is actually needed by the community. This requires identification and study so that it is hoped that a program can be obtained that is a solution for health, comfort and beauty in the middle of the city of Surabaya. The method used in this study is Critical Thinking, namely observing activities, collecting data on vision, goals, references and also methods and implementation in empirical conditions, to then analyze whether the empirical conditions have worked well or not based on conformity with the data. data obtained from these references. The results of this study indicate that the return of green open space in the city of Surabaya is an appropriate local government effort, where by restoring the function of green open space at least the government has increased the number of city parks that can be utilized by the community. However, it should also be noted that each city park needs to be equipped with facilities for garbage disposal / garbage bins to make the public more aware of the importance of cleaning city parks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: City Architecture, Environmental Architecture, Green Open Space, Critical Thinking", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 711, "width": 436, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permasalahan lingkungan hidup di perkotaan begitu banyak dan kompleks. Permasalahan tidak terbatas pada kondisi sosialnya, namun juga pada komponen lingkungan lainnya. Permasalahan yang ada mulai dari ketersedian air bersih, sanitasi, polusi, kemacetan, sampai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : --------- (Online) 1858-4756 (Print)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 47, "width": 434, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Web: http://wastu.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/wastu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 63, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik, Arsitektur Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Alamat: Jl.Ketintang Madya VII/2 Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 793, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 Oktober 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 796, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 436, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kepada berkurangnya ruang terbuka hijau (rth). Untuk itu perlu solusi untuk menghindari kerusakan lingkungan kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 142, "width": 436, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterbatasan lahan dan peningkatan jumlah penduduk menyebabkan kota menjadi padat. Akhirnya, kedua faktor tersebut dapat menimbulkan kekumuhan kota. Aktivitas kota akan mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan perkotaan (Geumala et al., 2018). Kota dengan kegiatan industri, perdagangan, dan jasa yang intensif akan menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan (Pratiwi et al., 2017). Kompetisi penggunaan lahan yang terjadi antara penggunaan lahan dengan fungsi ekonomis, seperti perdagangan dan jasa, industri serta pemukiman, mendesak keberadaan ruang terbuka bervegetasi. Bahkan banyak dijumpai adanya perubahan fungsi penggunaan lahan, ruang terbuka hijau digantikan dengan fasilitas lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 436, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Surabaya kota besar kedua setelah ibukota Jakarta menjadi tujuan bagi pendatang dari daerah (migrasi). Kondisi ini menyebabkan terjadinya kepadatan penduduk dikota. Kenaikan jumlah penduduk Surabaya setiap tahunnya rata-rata 1,62 persen, sedangkan jumlah penduduk surabaya pada tahun 2008 adalah 2.885.862 jiwa dengan luas wilayah sekitar 29.900 hektar. Idealnya untuk kota besar dengan luas wilayah tersebut jumlah penduduknya adalah 2.175.000 jiwa (Kompas, 22/09/2008) Pertambahan penduduk yang besar ini mengakibatkan peningkatan jumlah sarana yang dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi dan memudahkan kegiatan sehari-hari. Sarana yang semakin bertambah ialah kendaraan bermotor. Kendaraan bermotor sangat dibutuhkan sebagai kendaraan yang dapat mempersingkat waktu pencapaian ketempat aktivitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 436, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kendaraan roda dua dipandang sebagai kendaraan yang sangat efektip untuk digunakan beraktivitas. Pertambahan kendaraan khususnya kendaraan roda dua setiap tahun meningkat sangat signifikan dibandingkan kendaraan roda empat. Padahal, panjang jalan di kota pertambahannya hampir berjalan ditempat. Keadaaan ini menyebabkan sejumlah jalan di Kota Surabaya sering mengalami kemacetan hampir pada setiap waktu khususnya pada saat jam-jam kerja. Hal ini menyebebkan terjadinya peningkatan kuantitas gas CO2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 436, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daerah perkotaan dengan jumlah penduduk yang padat menyebabkan berkurangnya lahan untuk vegetasi. Lahan bervegetasi diganti dengan permukiman, gedung-gedung, dan industri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk kota yang setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan. Bahkan di Surabaya sebelum tahun 2007 banyak fasilitas jalur hijau dialih fungsikan untuk SPBU yang sebagian besar milik petinggi pemerintah daerah maupun pusat. Tidak kurang dari 13 titik jalur hijau yang difungsikan untuk SPBU yang lokasinya berada dipusat kota Surabaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 436, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ruang terbuka hijau yang terbatas menyebabkan radiasi panas dari sinar matahari tidak dipantulkan, namun langsung diserap oleh gedung-gedung, dinding, dan atap. Bertambahnya jumlah Sarana dan prasarana seperti fasilitas gedung, jalan, pertokoan, permukiman, pabrik menyebabkan berkurangnya jumlah ruang vegetasi di kota. Sarana transportasi yang semakin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : --------- (Online) 1858-4756 (Print)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 47, "width": 434, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Web: http://wastu.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/wastu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 63, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik, Arsitektur Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Alamat: Jl.Ketintang Madya VII/2 Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 793, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 Oktober 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 796, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 436, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "meningkat menyebabkan naiknya kuantitas gas CO2. Sedikit ruang vegetasi yang ada menyebabkan berkurangnya penyerapan CO2, akibatnya terjadi ketidakseimbangan komposisi udara. Hal ini mengakibatkan suhu permukaan meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 199, "width": 435, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Critical Thinking , di mana pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengumpulan referensi-referensi teori dan dilakukan pengumpulan data empiris sehingga ditemukan gap antara kondisi yang baik menurut referensi dengan kondisi riil empiris mengenai ruang terbuka hijau (RTH). Hal ini sesuai dengan definisi Critical Thinking menurut Connor dan Irizarry (2015), yaitu mengamati, mengumpulkan data-data visi, tujuan dan metode, serta melakukan analisa apakah sebuah ide bekerja dengan baik atau tidak berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 369, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Perkotaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 388, "width": 434, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberadaan RTH diperkotaan sangat penting karena penyediaan dan pemanfaatan RTH di perkotaan bertujuan untuk : (Permen PU No. 05/PRT/M/2008)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 424, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "▪ Menjaga ketersediaan lahan sebagai kawasan resapan air", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 443, "width": 397, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "▪ Menciptakan aspek planologis perkotaan melalui keseimbangan lingkungan alam dan lingkungan binaan yang berguna untuk kepentingan masyarakat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 427, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "▪ Meningkatkan keserasian lingkungan perkotaan sebagai sarana pengaman lingkungan perkotaan yang aman, nyaman, segar, indah dan bersih Adapun fungsi RTH terdiri dari fungsi utama dan fungsi tambahan yaitu :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 441, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fungsi utama : (1) Sebagai bagian dari sistim sirkulasi udara di perkotaan (2) Mengatur iklim mikro agar sistim sirkulasi udara dan air secara alami dapat berlangsung lancar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 580, "width": 391, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) Sebagai peneduh, produsen oksigen, penyerap air hujan dan penyedia habitat satwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 600, "width": 328, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) Penyerap polutan media udara, air dan tanah (5) Penahan angin Fungsi tambahan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 638, "width": 430, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fungsi sosial :(1) Sebagai media komunikasi warga kota (2)Tempat Rekreasi (3) Wadah obyek pendidikan, penelitihan dan lain-lain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 676, "width": 429, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fungsi ekonomi : (1) Sumber produk yang bisa dijual (2) Menjadi bagian usaha perta nian, perkebunan, kehutanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 714, "width": 430, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fungsi estetika : (1) Memperindah kota baik dari skala mikro maupun makro (2) Membentuk faktor keindahan arsitektural (3) Menciptakan suasana serasi, seimbang antara area terbangun dan area tidak terbangun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : --------- (Online) 1858-4756 (Print)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 47, "width": 434, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Web: http://wastu.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/wastu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 63, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik, Arsitektur Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Alamat: Jl.Ketintang Madya VII/2 Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 793, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 Oktober 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 796, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penataan RTH di kota Surabaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 123, "width": 436, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada masa orde baru di Surabaya banyak terjadi pengalih-fungsian ruang terbuka menjadi SPBU yang notabene nya milik para pejabat pusat maupun daerah. Pengalihfungsian ini dengan dalih sewa pakai terhadap lahan terbuka tersebut. Pemerintah daerah tidak bisa berbuat banyak karena adanya “pesanan” dari pejabat tertentu di pusat sehingga lebih dari 13 ruang terbuka di Surabaya yang dialih fungsikan menjadi SPBU.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 218, "width": 435, "height": 142, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejak reformasi Pemerintah daerah dituntut oleh Dewan untuk mengembalikan semua aset Pemerintah daerah termasuk ruang terbuka dan dikembalikan sesuai dengan peruntukkannya. Pada tahun 2002 dengan dikeluarkannya Perda No.7/2002 tentang pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau dan ternyata sesuai dengan Permen PU No. 05/PRT/M/2008 tentang Pedoman Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di kawasan Perkotaan, maka sejak 2003 mulai dilakukan pembongkaran SPBU yang menggunakan fasilitas RTH di kota Surabaya dan melalui anggaran daerah tahun 2008/2009 sudah dilakukan penataan dan pembangunan RTH di kota Surabaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 524, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : survey", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 543, "width": 391, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. RTH bekas SPBU di Jl. Sulawesi Surabaya yang telah diubah menjadi taman kota Terletak dipusat kota Surabaya sehingga lebih banyak dimanfaatkan untuk sarana rekreasi oleh warga kota.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : --------- (Online) 1858-4756 (Print)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 47, "width": 434, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Web: http://wastu.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/wastu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 63, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik, Arsitektur Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Alamat: Jl.Ketintang Madya VII/2 Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 793, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 Oktober 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 796, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 104, "width": 409, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. RTH bekas SPBU didepan Dolog- Jl. A Yani Surabaya diubah menjadi taman kota Merupakan akses utama masuk kota dari arah Selatan Sekaligus sebagai gerbang utama masuk kota Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 339, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Survey", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 358, "width": 404, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. RTH bekas SPBU di Jl. Biliton Surabaya yang telah diubah menjadi taman kota Yang dimanfaatkan untuk rekreasi oleh warga kota", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 439, "height": 142, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ruang terbuka hijau bekas SPBU di Surabaya seluruhnya difungsikan kembali sebagai taman kota mengingat luasannya relatip kecil dibanding dengan luas kota secara keseluruhan, namun demikian sudah cukup memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi masyarakat kota khususnya untuk sarana rekreasi. RTH yang ada di Surabaya seluas 69.349 m2, sementara luas kota Surabaya 32.636.768 m2 sehingga luas ideal RTH di Surabaya adalah 4.895.152 m2 (Prigi Arista, 2003) Penataan taman cukup memperhatikan kondisi eksisting tanaman, terutama untuk vegetasi- vegetasi besar yang berfungsi sebagai paru-paru kota yang mampu mereduksi kebisingan, mampu menyerap atau menahan debu dan menyerap gas CO2 dan polutan yang lain .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 436, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keserasian dan keseimbangan antara tanaman eksisting dengan taman bentukan baru cukup memberikan nilai estetika yang tinggi, sehingga memberikan rasa nyaman, aman, indah dan bersih. Kondisi RTH yang sudah demikian baik ini untuk keberlanjutnya memerlukan peran serta masyarakat didalam menjaga, melestarikan (sustainable) sehingga dapat bermanfaat dalam jangka panjang. Peruntukan lahan di Surabaya terdiri dari 50 % permukiman, 30 % industri, 20 % fasilitas umum dan 10 % kawasan belum terbangun. Apabila setiap rumah wajib menyediakan RTH 40 % ( koefisien dasar bangunan = BCA= Building Caverage Area) dari luas kavlingnya, maka RTH di Surabaya akan bertambah 6 ribu hektar dan ini akan menjadikan Surabaya sejuk (Haryo Sulistiyarso, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 737, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 756, "width": 400, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekecil apapun ruang terbuka hijau sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat, karenanya upaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : --------- (Online) 1858-4756 (Print)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 47, "width": 434, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Web: http://wastu.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/wastu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 63, "width": 440, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik, Arsitektur Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Alamat: Jl.Ketintang Madya VII/2 Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 793, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 Oktober 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 796, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 436, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penghijauan di perkotaan bukan hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah saja, namun juga menjadi tanggung jawab semua warga kota, sehingga perlu diupayakan diciptakan suasana hijau pada semua tingkat, mulai dari tingkat space di rumah tangga, lingkungan RW, lingkungan kelurahan dan kecamatan sampai pada tingkat kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 436, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembalian RTH di kota Surabaya merupakan upaya pemerintah daerah yang cukup tepat, dimana dengan mengembalikan fungsi RTH setidaknya pemerintah sudah menambah jumlah taman kota yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Namun perlu kiranya dalam setiap taman kota tersebut dilengkapi dengan sarana atau tempat pembuangan sampah / bak sampah untuk lebih menyadarkan masyarakat akan pentingnya kebersihan taman kota untuk menjaga keindahan dan kenyamanan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 313, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 331, "width": 407, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anynamous, 2008. Permen PU Nomor: 05/PRT/M/2008. Pedoman penyediaan dan pemanfaatan ruang terbuka hijau di kawasan perkotaan pp. 63", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 369, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anynamous, 2002. Perda Nomor: 7/2002. Pengelolaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau http://www.surabaya.or.id (diakses tanggal 30 Oktober 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 407, "width": 364, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arisandi, Prigi, 2003. Lembaga kajian ekologi dan konservasi lahan basah http://www.terraret.or.id (diakses tanggal 30 Oktober 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 445, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Chusnan Aprianto, Muhammad, 2009. Penghijauan Sebagai Salah Satu Cara Mengatasi Permasalahan Kota", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 483, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Connor, Adam & Irizarry, Aaron (2015). Discussing Design: Improving Communication and Collaboration Through Critique. California: O’Reilly Media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 521, "width": 441, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Geumala, M., Supriharjo, R., Ariastita, P. G., & Ali, M. (2018). New City Development Concept in Sukodono Sidoarjo. UKARST , 2 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 438, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pratiwi, Y. I., Ali, M., Setiawan, M. I., Budiyanto, H., & Sucahyo, B. S. (2017). Urban Agriculture Technology to Support Urban Tourism. ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture , 1 (1).", "type": "Text" } ]

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Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Suku Samin Kabupaten Blora. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan pendekatan pelatihan dan praktik pembuatan produk olahan dengan pendekatan Evidence Based-Practices (EBP). Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan adalah 1) Cara yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk hasil pertanian utamanya singkong adalah dengan melakukan pengolahan singkong menjadi produk olahan pangan berupa kripik singkong. Kripik singkong yang dihasilkan adalah 3 varian yaitu rasa original, keju dan balado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 217, "width": 304, "height": 127, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "2) Peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat suku samin merupakan dampak dari penjualan hasil pertanian singkong mentah dengan harga jual per kg 1500 per Kg menjadi 30.000 per kg. Harga tersebut didasarkan pada harga pasar di Kabupaten Blora antara (30.000 – 38.000). Kondisi tersebut secara eksplisit menjelaskan bahwa ketika singkong dijual mentah dalam 10 Kg nilai ekonomi adalah 15.000. Tetapi jika di olah menjadi keripik singkong bahan mentah 10 Kg singkong tersebut dapat menjadi 1,67 Kg keripik, dengan nilai ekonomi sekitar 50.100. Rasio nilai tambah pengolahan singkong menjadi keripik singkong adalah 56,68 %, maka keuntungan rata – rata per 1,67 Kg keripik singkong adalah 28.397 atau dibulatkan 28.400. Hasil peningkatan nilai tambah yang signifikan tersebut diharapkan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat suku Samin, untuk mengembangkan keripik singkong sebagai trigger dalam meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 354, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kata kunci: Blora; Ekonomi Keluarga; Keripik; Samin; Singkong", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 376, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 401, "width": 304, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "The aim of this community service activity is to increase the added value of agricultural products in order to improve the welfare of the Samin Tribe, Blora Regency. This service activity was carried out in the Samin Tribe, Blora Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 430, "width": 304, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "This community service activity uses a training and practical approach to making processed products using the Evidence Based-Practices (EBP) approach. The resulting conclusions are 1) The method used to increase the added value of agricultural products, especially cassava, is by processing cassava into processed food products in the form of cassava chips. The cassava chips produced are 3 variants, namely original, cheese and balado flavors. 2) Increasing the welfare of the Samin tribe community is the impact of selling raw cassava agricultural products at a selling price per kg of 1500 per kg to 30,000 per kg. This price is based on market prices in Blora Regency between (30,000 – 38,000). This condition explicitly explains that when cassava is sold raw in 10 kg, the economic value is 15,000. However, if the raw material is processed into cassava chips, 10 kg of cassava can become 1.67 kg of chips, with an economic value of around 50,100. The added value ratio of processing cassava into cassava chips is 56.68%, so the average profit per 1.67 kg of cassava chips is 28,397 or rounded up to 28,400. The results of this significant increase in added value are expected to increase awareness of the Samin tribe community, to develop cassava chips as a trigger in improving the family economy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 617, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Keywords: Blora; Family Economy; Chips; Samin; Cassava", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 640, "width": 194, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 Penerbit PKN STAN Press. All rights reserved", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 429, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Johadi, dkk, Jurnal Keuangan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 5 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2023 : Halaman 110", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 734, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 82, "width": 232, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Suku Samin di Dukuh Klopoduwur Desa Klopoduwur Kecamatan Banjarejo Kabupaten Blora termasuk salah satu suku di Indonesia yang memanfaatkan lingkungan alamnya. Pedoman hidup suku samin adalah ajaran sedulur sikep. Sedulur sikep merupa- kan kelompok gerakan perlawanan terhadap pen- jajahan Belanda yang dikenal dengan gerakan Saminisme (Rizqi dan Rini, 2015). Imperialisme Belanda yang menindas masyarakat Samin kala itu menjadi trigger munculnya ajaran sedulur sikep yang masih lestari sampai dengan sekarang ini. Esensi ajaran sedulur sikep antara lain pentingnya menjaga nilai nilai kebenaran, kesederhanaan, kebersamaan, keadilan dan kerja keras (Setyaningrum et al, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 247, "width": 232, "height": 210, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ajaran tersebut menjadi dasar atau pondasi dalam melakukan aktivitas ekonomi, aktivitas pertanian, pola hubungan dengan masyarakat luar dan Pemerintah Daerah di Kabupaten Blora. Dalam aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat samin sudah mulai terbuka dengan masyarakat lain di luarnya misalnya sudah mulai melakukan perdagangan. Aktivitas pertanian selain berpegang teguh pada ajaran sedulur sikep juga mulai terbuka dengan teknologi pertanian terutama yang terkait dengan pengguna- an pupuk kimia dan penggunaan alat pertanian seperti traktor (Kurniasari et al, 2013; Widyawati et al, 2017). Tradisi buwuh yang berjalan dengan baik antara suku samin dengan masyarakat sekitarnya, dan sikap mengikuti peraturan pemerintah yaitu membayar pajak, program KB, pencatatan per- nikahan di KUA adalah bentuk membuka diri dengan masyarakat luar dan pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Blora (Puspitasari dan Lestari, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 468, "width": 232, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Dalam konteks ini, maka suku Samin di Kabupaten Blora sudah melakukan transformasi budaya dengan tetap berpegang teguh pada ajaran sedulur sikep. Transformasi budaya ini perlu mendapatkan dukung- an stakeholders di Kabupaten Blora agar kesejah- teraan masyarakat Samin meningkat. Apalagi ter- dapat potensi hasil pertanian seperti padi, jagung, singkong, tanaman sayuran dan buah buahan seperti bayam, labu kuning, cabai, pisang, manga jambu yang dapat dikembangkan. Potensi ini meru- pakan faktor daya dukung SDA berbasis pertanian untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat samin. Keberlanjutan hasil pertanian didukung sikap masya- rakat adat suku Samin yang mengajarkan untuk tidak menjual lahan sawah, dan menjadi petani pesanggem (Hariadi, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 656, "width": 232, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pengembangan produk primer menjadi produk sekunder adalah salah satu langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah suatu produk. Qomariyah dan Kuntadi (2019) menjelaskan bahwa mengolah ubi jalar ungu menjadi mie ubi jalar ungu mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 71, "width": 232, "height": 198, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "sebesar 57,98 %. Artinya ubi jalar ungu mentah dijual dengan harga 4000/kg ketika diolah menjadi mie ubi jalar ungu menjadi 28.581/Kg. Dengan produk primer yang berbeda dilakukan penelitian oleh Herdian et al (2021). Herdian et al, (2021) menemukan bahwa peningkatan nilai tambah hasil pengolahan singkong menjadi tape singkong sebesar 41,90 %, opak singkong sebesar 53,40 %, kerupuk singkong sebesar 68,40 % dan tepung gaplek sebesar 77,00 %. Kedua penelitian tersebut menegaskan bahwa akti- vitas pengolahan dari produk primer menjadi produk sekunder mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah secara signifikan. Terutama untuk produk primer singkong nilai tambah berada pada interval 41,90 % - 77,00 %. Peningkatan nilai tambah yang signifikan tersebut diyakini mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat yang mengembangkan komoditas olah- an pangan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 280, "width": 232, "height": 144, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka Badan Pengelola Usaha Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret bekerjasama dengan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kabupaten Blora menyelenggarakan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Suku Samin di Kabupaten Blora. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan nilai tambah hasil produk pertanian berupa singkong menjadi produk olahan pangan seperti keripik, roti, brownies dan lainnya di Suku Samin. Target output pada fase awal kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meng- hasilkan keripik singkong dengan varian 3 rasa yaitu original, keju dan balado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 435, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 446, "width": 232, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdi- an masyarakat utamanya untuk mencapai target output tersebut yaitu dengan pendekatan pelatih- an, praktik pengolahan berbasis evidence-based practices (ebp) dan pendampingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 512, "width": 232, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Menurut Aswathappa (2009) pelatihan merupakan proses untuk meningkatkan bakat, skills dan kemampuan tenaga kerja agar perform pada bidang kerja yang spesifik. Pelatihan merupakan pengembangan sistematis terhadap pengetahuan, skills dan sikap yang disyaratkan secara individual agar performanya memenuhi bidang tugas atau pekerjaan. Mengacu pada dua pandangan ahli tersebut menegaskan bahwa kegiatan training diharapkan berdampak pada peningkatan penge- tahuan, skills, dan sikap yang didasarkan pada bakat, sehingga memenuhi persyaratan untuk dapat berkinerja cukup di bidang pekerjaan dan tugas yang spesifik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 678, "width": 232, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Menurut Straus et al (2010) Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) adalah kerangka kerja yang mengajarkan kepada trainee untuk terlibat dalam pemikiran kritis, reflektif, praktik etik yang didasarkan pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 429, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Johadi, dkk, Jurnal Keuangan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 5 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2023 : Halaman 111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 734, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 232, "height": 187, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "pemberdayaan trainee dan mempraktikan peng- ambilan keputusan tepat atas masalah yang dihadapi trainee berdasarkan informasi, potensi risiko dan manfaat yang lengkap. Artinya dengan pen- dekatan ini peserta benar – benar mendapatkan pengalaman baru untuk dapat mempraktikkan proses pengolahan pangan, sekaligus harus sudah dapat mempertimbangkan risiko dan manfaat yang didapat ketika mengembangkan produk olahan tersebut. Pengalaman baru ini merupakan bentuk pengembangan diri Suku Samin dalam meng- optimalkan hasil produk pertanian utamanya singkong. Fase awal kegiatan pengabdian masya- rakat dengan kombinasi antara kegiatan pelatihan dan praktik pengolahan pangan dengan EBP diharapkan mampu mencapai tujuan yang ditetap- kan dalam kegiatan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 269, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 280, "width": 232, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di suku samin Kabupaten Blora mendapatkan bebe- rapa capaian yang meningkatkan nilai tambah hasil produk pertanian pangan di suku tersebut. Kegiatan pelatihan untuk pengolahan singkong menjadi keripik singkong di fasilitasi oleh Bapak Joko Mulyono yang merupakan pemilik UMKM Singkong Olahan Semesta dan Kota Salatiga, dilaksanakan pada hari Selasa, 20 September 2022. Bapak Joko Mulyono merupakan pelaku eksportir produk olahan pangan berbahan baku singkong.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 548, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 1. Kegiatan Pelatihan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 570, "width": 232, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pada Gambar 1. Bapak Joko Mulyono menyampai- kan materi pelatihan kepada Ibu – Ibu Rumah Tangga di Suku Samin Kabupaten Blora. Peserta dalam kegiatan ini berjumlah 23 orang. Bapak Joko Mulyono diawal dengan memberikan kisah inspiratif bahwa bahan baku singkong dapat diubah menjadi 23 jenis makanan olahan yang harganya bisa mencapai 1200 persen dari harga bahan bakunya. Bapak Joko juga menjelaskan bahwa produk olahan singkong sudah dapat memasuki pasar ekspor terutama di Korea Selatan, China, Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Pada kesempatan ini Bapak Joko membawa sampel 3 jenis olahan singkong yaitu keripik singkong, brownies singkong dan kue regal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 71, "width": 232, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "singkong. Dengan kemasan yang menarik. Ilustrasi nyata ini membuat peserta pelatihan antusias untuk bisa menghasilkan produk yang sama kedepannya. Setelah memberikan materi untuk meningkatkan motivasi peserta. Peserta selanjutnya diberikan materi terkait dengan pengolahan singkong menjadi produk keripik singkong. Terdapat tiga tahap yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengolahan singkong yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 170, "width": 233, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1. Pemilihan jumlah dan jenis bahan baku singkong Singkong yang bagus dapat diamati dari warnanya, kulitnya mudah dikelupas, ukuran yang relatif besar (diameter 4 cm -5 cm dan jenisnya. Jenis singkong kuning cocok untuk bahan baku pembuatan keripik singkong. Jumlah bahan baku singkong di Banjarejo melimpah bahkan sangat cukup untuk mendukung ekspor olahan pangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 269, "width": 233, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "2. Perlakuan pasca pemilihan bahan baku singkong.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 291, "width": 218, "height": 144, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Untuk menghasilkan keripik yang renyah diperlukan perlakuan pasca pemilihan jenis singkong dan ciri singkong yang berkualitas. Perlakuan tersebut antara lain: 1) cuci singkong dengan air dengan bersih, 2) Kelupas kulitnya dengan bersih, 3). Iris tipis – tipis (ketebalan 1 mm – 2 mm) dengan alat perajang singkong, 4) rendam beberapa waktu (sekitar 1 jam) dengan menggunakan soda kue, 5). Tiriskan beberapa menit agar kering, 6) Bilas dengan air bersih dan tiriskan kembali, 7). Irisan singkong siap untuk di goreng, disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan varian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 435, "width": 233, "height": 132, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "3. Proses pengolahan bahan baku singkong Setelah tahapan perlakuan pasca pemilihan bahan baku singkong, maka dilanjutkan dengan tahapan pengolahan bahan baku singkong. Beberapa tahapan untuk pengolahan bahan baku singkong antara lain 1) melakukan pengecekan tingkat kadar air dalam penirisan irisan singkong, 2) melakukan pengecekan standarisasi ukuran singkong yang akan di goreng, 3) menyiapkan bumbu yang sesuai dengan varian yang dibutuhkan secara terstandar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 578, "width": 232, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan praktik pengolahan dengan EBP, dengan 4 tahap dilaksanakan pada Selasa, 20 September 2022, di Pendopo Pertemuan Suku Samin Desa Klopoduwur, Kec. Banjarejo, Kab. Blora.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 623, "width": 233, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1. Praktik menentukan bahan baku singkong yang berkualitas dan treatment pra pengolahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 645, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berbekal hasil pelatihan tersebut, maka peserta selanjutnya melakukan praktik untuk menentukan jenis singkong dan memilih singkong yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 689, "width": 218, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 2 Menjelaskan peserta melakukan praktik untuk memilih jenis singkong dan memilih singkong dengan ciri – ciri yang bagus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 429, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Johadi, dkk, Jurnal Keuangan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 5 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2023 : Halaman 112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 734, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 218, "height": 254, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Selanjutnya peserta melakukan pengelupasan kulit singkong, pencucian singkong dan penirisan. Setelah itu praktik perajangan dengan alat perajang singkong. Kemudian peserta juga melakukan treatment perendaman dan penirisan singkong, selanjutnya singkong yang sudah ditiriskan di rajang tipis – tipis sekitar 1-2 mm, setelah ditiriskan rajangan singkong beberapa menit siap untuk digoreng. Pada tahapan praktik pengolahan ini peserta mendapatkan kesempat- an yang sama untuk mempraktikkan untuk setiap tahapannya secara bersama – sama. Praktik ini diharapkan memberikan pengalaman bersama bagi peserta dan nantinya bisa saling melakukan pengawasan apakah ada tahapan yang tidak memenuhi standar. Output atas praktik peserta paham dan mampu mengambil keputusan pada tahapan ini agar keripik singkong yang dihasilkan terstandar dan bermutu. Pada tahap ini tingkat pemahaman peserta pelatihan adalah sebesar 95,65 % atau 22 orang peserta paham untuk mempraktikkan pemilihan bahan baku singkong dan pra treatment yang perlu dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 479, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 2. Kegiatan Praktik Produksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 501, "width": 232, "height": 221, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "2. Praktik Pengorengan Tahapan selanjutnya untuk menghasilkan keripik singkong adalah peserta diminta untuk melaku- kan penggorengan (Gambar 3). Untuk produksi keripik rumah tangga ukuran wajan dengan diameter 80 cm sampai dengan 110 cm sudah cukup efektif dan efisien. Tahapan penggoreng- an irisan singkong adalah: 1) letakkan wajan ukuran 80 cm pada kompor gas 2) berikan minyak secukupnya, 3) nyalakan kompor gas, 4) tunggu minyak panas dengan suhu sekitar (70-80) 0 C, 5) Goreng irisan singkong dengan waktu kira 3-5 menit, 6) berikan bumbu dasar keripik seperti bawang putih, garam, MSG dan bumbu lainnya. 7) tiriskan keripik singkong yang sudah matang, 8) berikan bumbu lain sesuai varian yang akan dihasilkan, misalnya original, keju dan balado. Dengan mengacu pada standar antara lain jenis wajan, jumlah minyak, lama minyak dipanaskan, waktu penggorengan keripik dan waktu standar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 71, "width": 218, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "penirisan maka pada tahap ini peserta untuk memahami dan mempraktekkan penggorengan keripik singkong adalah sebesar 73,91 % atau 17 orang. Kepatuhan dan kedisiplinan dalam mene- rapkan standar diharapkan mampu menghasil- kan produk keripik singkong yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 302, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Praktik Produksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 324, "width": 233, "height": 397, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "3. Praktik Quality Control dan Packaging Setelah selesai pada tahapan penggorengan maka selanjutnya peserta diminta untuk mem- praktikkan Quality Control (Gambar 4). Quality Control dilakukan berhubungan dengan bebe- rapa hal yaitu 1) kesesuaian ukuran keripik sing- kong yang sudah matang 2) kesesuaian tingkat kematangan dan rasa keripik singkong, 3) pemi- lihan ukuran plastik untuk pengemasan. Ketiga hasil quality control tersebut harus sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan. Mengacu pada standar quality control tersebut, maka peserta melakukan praktik pengemasan (packaging). Kemasan keripik singkong dibedakan menjadi 3 sesuai dengan varian yang dihasilkan dalam praktik pengolahan pangan berbahan baku singkong ini. Plastik kemasan dipilih ada pengait penutupnya sehingga kedap udara. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menjaga cita rasa dan kualitas keripik singkong agar tetap renyah dan empuk. Output yang dihasilkan pada tahapan ini peserta mampu mempraktikkan pentingnya kualitas kontrol atas produk olahan yang dihasilkan sebelum ditawarkan / dijual kepada konsumen serta memahami teknik dalam melakukan pengemasan baik dari sisi ukuran, desain dan kualitas kemasan. Ukuran dan ketebalan keripik singkong, jumlah gram dalam 1 kemasan, jenis plastik kemasan, serta bentuk atau model kemasan yang digunakan. Kedisiplinan dalam praktik quality control dan packaging (pengemasan) merupakan langkah awal untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dan dipercaya oleh konsumen. Hal ini merupakan modal besar untuk membangun bisnis rumahan suku Samin di Kabupaten Blora.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 429, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Johadi, dkk, Jurnal Keuangan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 5 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2023 : Halaman 113", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 734, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 271, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 4. Presentasi Quality Control dan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 154, "top": 282, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Packaging", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 304, "width": 232, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "4. Hasil Produk Olahan Singkong-Keripik Tahap terakhir dalam pelatihan dan praktik peng- olahan singkong adalah manajemen dasar untuk memulai usaha rumahan di Suku Samin Dukuh Klopoduwur, Desa Klopoduwur, Kecamatan Banjarejo, Kabupaten Blora (Gambar 5). Mana- jemen dasar usaha di level rumah tangga ter- sebut mencakup: 1) analisa kelayakan usaha rumah tangga agar dapat dijalankan dan berke- lanjutan, 2) pembentukan kelompok pengusaha perempuan, 3) Manajemen keuangan dasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 579, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 5. Kegiatan Praktik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 601, "width": 218, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Manajemen dasar terutama pada analisa kela- yakan usaha dijelaskan bahwa rasio nilai tambah untuk menghasilkan keripik singkong yang mampu meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga adalah sebesar 56,68 %. Artinya jika biaya yang dikeluar- kan untuk menghasilkan keripik singkong totalnya 1 juta, maka total penerimaannya adalah sebesar 1,5668 juta. Sehingga rumah tangga yang mengembangkan produk keripik singkong ini mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar 566.800, Sedangkan, dari sisi komunitas perempuan suku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 71, "width": 218, "height": 243, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "samin diharapkan mampu terbentuk kelompok perempuan usaha Suku Samin, minimal 1 kelompok. Pada tahapan ini secara eksplisit belum terbentuk kelompok perempuan usaha, karena pengurus inti seperti ketua, sekretaris, bendara dan divisi usaha belum belum ada. Terakhir pada manajemen keuangan dasar peserta mendapatkan materi tentang 1) jumlah kebutuhan modal untuk investasi dan modal operasional dalam menjalankan usaha keripik singkong, 2) jumlah SDM yang diperlukan untuk memulai usaha keluarga, 3) jumlah kebutuhan bahan baku singkong dan jenis yang cocok untuk menghasilkan produk berkualitas, 4) jumlah produksi minimum dengan nilai tambah 56,68% agar mendapatkan keuntungan dan mampu meningkatkan pendapatan harian tiap anggota keluarga dalam 1 kelompok pengusaha perem- puan Suku Samin, 5) Pentingnya memisahkan keuangan pribadi / keluarga dengan keuangan usaha, agar bisnis dapat tumbuh secara berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 325, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 336, "width": 232, "height": 242, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Suku Samin di Dukuh Klopoduwur, Desa Klopoduwur, Kecamatan Banjarejo, Kabupaten Blora, dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat maka beberapa kesimpulan- nya 1) Cara meningkatkan nilai tambah singkong menjadi keripik singkong adalah melalui kegiatan pengolahan pangan. Untuk dapat melakukan pengolahan pangan tersebut peserta mendapat- kan pelatihan dan praktik pengolahan singkong menjadi keripik singkong dengan pendekatan evidence-based practices (ebp). 2. Peningkatan ke- sejahteraan masyarakat suku samin akan meningkat jika dalam melakukan aktivitas pengolahan pangan singkong menjadi keripik singkong menghasilkan nilai tambah 56,68 %. Nilai tersebut menjadi patokan agar usaha ini dapat berjalan berkelanjutan baik dilakukan oleh keluarga maupun kelompok perem- puan usaha suku samin di Kabupaten Blora. Hal ini diharapkan menjadi awal keterbukaan suku samin dalam meningkatkan eksistensi dan kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 589, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 600, "width": 233, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Badan Pengelola Usaha Fakultas Ekonomi dan BIsnis Universitas Sebelas Maret, yang telah memberikan dukungan pendanaan guna terselenggaranya kegiatan ini. Terima kasih juga kami ucapkan kepada Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Blora yang telah memberikan dukungan perijinan untuk kelancaran pelaksanaan pengabdi- an dan CV Semesta Alam Raya Indonesia sebagai CV yang menginspirasi untuk mengembangkan produk olahan pangan berbahan baku singkong,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 429, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Johadi, dkk, Jurnal Keuangan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 5 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2023 : Halaman 114", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 734, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 232, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "serta Bapak Lasiyo selaku Ketua Adat Masyarakat Suku Samin di Kabupaten Blora sehingga kegiatan pengabdian di masyarakat Suku Samin dapat terselenggara dengan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 126, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 137, "width": 232, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Aswathappa, K. (2009). Essentials of business environment. Karnataka: Himalaya Publishing House.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 170, "width": 232, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Hariadi, S. S. (2016). Memahami Kearifan Lokal Petani Tradisional\" Samin\" dan Petani Modern. Yogyakarta: Pintal. Hardian, L., Wati, D. R., & Dwiningsih, E. (2021). Analisis Nilai Tambah Agroindustri Singkong Pada Industri Rumah Tangga Di Kecamatan Sepatan Timur, Kabupaten Tangerang. Sharia Agribusiness Journal, 1(1), 17-36, https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/sagri/article", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "/view/20530", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 280, "width": 232, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kurniasari, D. A., Cahyono, E. D., & Yuliati, Y. 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[ { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 193, "top": 102, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH ARTICLE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 125, "width": 334, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategy for Development of Seaweed Cultivation Production Using the Long Line System Method", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 172, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yusniar Rasjid * , Andi Taskirah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 194, "width": 256, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, FKIP Universitas Patompo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 219, "width": 334, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: This research aims to determine the development of Eucheumaspinosium seaweed cultivation techniques using the long-line method and the quality of seaweed using the long-line method. The samples in this research are seaweed Eucheuma sp. The data collection technique is quantitative data in quantities derived from the shape and cleanliness of seaweed cultivated using the long line method. The data obtained were analyzed using an experimental design (RAL). From the results of the data analysis, it can be seen that cultivating Eucheuma Spinosium seaweed, using node distances of 2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, and 20 cm, the best node distance to use using the long line method is 10 cm which shows greater growth. fast compared to other distances, but this 10 cm distance still does not affect the quality of the Eucheuma sp seaweed..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 389, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Eucheuma Spinosium, Experimental Design, RAL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 415, "width": 115, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 433, "width": 394, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput laut Eucheuma sp merupakan salah satu komoditas laut yang mudah di budidayakan dengan biaya yang relatif murah dan memiliki nilai ekonomis sebagai bahan pangan, bahan baku industri, obat-obatan, tekstil, kosmetik dan lainnya. Rumput laut Eucheuma sp tergolong tanaman berderajat rendah, umumnya melekat pada substrat tertentu, tidak mempunyai akar dan daun sejati, tetapi hanya menyerupai batang yang di sebut dengan thallus (Wijayanto et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 513, "width": 395, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia pada saat ini membutuhkan pasokan produksi rumput laut kering yang cukup tinggi untuk kebutuhan ekspor dan bahan baku industri dalam negri. Pemanfaatan rumput laut Eucheuma sp kian dimaksimalkan dan mempunyai peluang besar untuk di optimalkan dalam pengembangan rumput laut Eucheuma sp secara terpadu. Beberapa jenis rumput laut yang ada di indonesia dan bernilai ekonomis seperti Eucheuma sp, Gracilaria sp, Gelidium sp, dan hypnea sp . Namun yang akan kami kaji lebih jauh yaitu jenis rumput laut Eucheuma sp. Salah satu dari jenis-jenis rumput laut di atas yang sedang di minati untuk di budidayakan adalah Eucheuma sp. Jenis rumput laut Eucheuma sp ini menghasilkan karaginansebagai bahan baku dalam usaha industri makanan, farmasi, kosmetik dan lain sebagainya (Erbabley et al., 2020).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 631, "width": 394, "height": 123, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma sp selama ini menggunakan metode dan teknik budidaya yang tradisional. Berdasarkan kebiasaan masyarakat ada beberapa metode atau teknik budidaya yang berlaku di kalangan masyarakat antara lain: metode Long line, metode lepas dasar, serta metode kombinas antara rakit apung dan long line, namun sebagian besar masyarakat Kabupaten Bulukumba menggunakan metode long line. Metode yang di gunakan masyarakat juga berdasarkan kondisi alam atau kondisi laut yang ada. Ada kondisi perairan lautnya dangkal dan dalam, untuk kondisi laut yang dangkal biasanya masyarakat menggunakan metode tanam dengan lepas dasar, yaitu metode tanam dengan membuat patok-patok di dasar laut kemudian kemudian di berikan tali-tali untuk tempat menggantung bibit rumput laut Eucheuma sp .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 42, "top": 282, "width": 106, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author: Yusniar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 42, "top": 293, "width": 111, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, FKIP Universitas Patompo E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 77, "width": 394, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Bulukumba adalah salah satu daerah tingkat II di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Ibu kota Kabupaten ini terletek di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Kabupaten ini memiliki luas wilayah 1. 154,67 km 2 dengan jarak tempuh dari kota Makassar sekitar 153 Km dan berpenduduk sebanyak 394.757 jiwa (berdasarkan sensus penduduk 2010). Kabupaten Bulukumba 10 kecamatan, 24 kelurahan, serta 123 desa. Kabupaten Bulukumba mempunyai suhu rata – rata berkisar antara 23,82 o C – 27,68 o C. suhu pada kisaran ini sangat cocok untuk pertanian tanaman pangan dan tanaman perkebunan (Rumput Laut Sebagai Potensi Sumber Daya Laut Di Sulawesi Selatan | Jurnalpost, n.d.) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 185, "width": 395, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput laut Eucheuma sp merupakan salah satu sumberdaya perikanan pesisir yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting. Dalam bidang industri pemanfaatan rumput laut Eucheuma sp sangat luas. Rumput laut Eucheuma sp di manfaatkan dalam industri kembang gula, kosmetik, es krim, pasta gigi, shampoo, kapsul obat, pengharum sampai kepakaian yang bermotif warna dalam industri tekstil, keramik, film, dan industri farmasi. Selain untuk industri, rumput laut Eucheuma sp dapat di manfaatkan sebagai makanan karena kandungan gizinya cukup tinggi. (Serdiati & Widiastuti, 2010)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 278, "width": 394, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perairan kepulauan Bulukumba merupakan perairan yang kaya akan berbagai berbagai potensi sumberdaya pesisir termasuk rumput laut sehingga memiliki prospek yang cukup besar untuk di kembangkan. Jenis-jenis rumput laut yang di temukan di perairan Bulikumba yaitu jenis rumput laut Eucheuma sp. Jenis rumput laut ini tumbuh subur. Selama ini,masyarakat di bulukumba memanfaatkan rumput laut jenis Eucheuma sp dari alam dan dijual dalam bentuk kering dan basah.Dalam upaya pengelolaan dan perlindungan sumberdaya rumput laut sebagai salah satu komoditas perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis untuk pengembangan usaha di Kabupaten Bulukumba, maka perlu di lakukan penelitian tentang teknik budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma sp dengan menggunakan metode long line.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 396, "width": 394, "height": 160, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara warga yang berdomisili di kabupaten Bulukumba, rumput laut Eucheuma sp yang di budidayakan dengan metode long line akan mempercepat pertumbuhan rumput laut dan pada umumnya masyarakat di Kabupaten Bulukumba hanya karena adanya rumput laut ini sehingga produktifitas pendapatan petani rumput laut menjadi meningkat atau dapat mengubah kondisi sosialnya serta anak remaja yang mempunyai pendidikan dapat pekerjaan yang layak. Perairan kepulauan Bulukumba merupakan perairan yang kaya akan berbagai berbagai potensi sumberdaya pesisir termasuk rumput laut sehingga memiliki prospek yang cukup besar untuk di kembangkan. Jenis-jenis rumput laut yang di temukan di perairan Bulikumba yaitu jenis rumput laut Eucheuma sp. Jenis rumput laut ini tumbuh subur. Selama ini,masyarakat di bulukumba memanfaatkan rumput laut jenis Eucheuma sp dari alam dan dijual dalam bentuk kering dan basah.Dalam upaya pengelolaan dan perlindungan sumberdaya rumput laut sebagai salah satu komoditas perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis untuk pengembangan usaha di kabupaten Bulukumba", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 563, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Literature Review", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 583, "width": 222, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Klasifikasi dan Morfologi Rumput Laut Eucheuma sp", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 601, "width": 374, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Atmaja dkk., 1996) klasifikasi rumput laut Eucheuma sp adalah sebagai Berikut: Kingdom : Plantae Divisio : Rhodophyta Kelas : Rhodophyceaea Sub kelas : Florideae Ordo : Gigartinales Family : Solierisceae Genus : Eucheuma Spesies : Eucheuma spinosium .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 725, "width": 394, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentuk tubuh dari Eucheuma Sp, yaitu thallus berbentuk silindris, permukaan licin, thallusnya bersifat Cartilagenus (menyerupai tulang rawan dan Muda), percabangan thallus berujung runcing atau tumpul untuk melindungi gametangia: serta berwarna hijau terang dan coklat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 77, "width": 394, "height": 88, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kemerahan. Percabangan bersifat alternates (berselang seling), tidak teratur, serta dapat bersifat dichotomous (percabangan dua-dua), Eucheuma spinosium memiliki permukaan licin, berwarna coklat tua, hijau coklat, hijau kuning, atau merah ungu. Tingginya dapat mencapai 30 cm. Eucheuma spinosium tumbuh melekat ke substrak dengan alat perekat berupa cakram. Cabang-cabang pertama dan kedua tumbuh membentuk rumpun yang rimbun dengan cirri khusus mengarah kearah datangnya sinar matahari. Cabang-cabang tersebut ada yang memanjang atau melengkung seperti tanduk (Serdiati & Widiastuti, 2010) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 171, "width": 394, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput laut Eucheuma sp, memerlukan sinar matahari untuk berfotosintesis. Oleh karena itu rumput laut jenis ini hidup pada lapisan potik, yaitu kedalaman sejauh sinar matahari masih dapat mencapainya. Di alam, jenis ini biasanya berkumpul dalam suatu komoditas atau bkoloni dan indicator jenisnya. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada pertumb uhan jenis ini adalah cukup arus dengan salinitas (kadar garam) yang stabil. Penyakit pada rumput laut merupakan suatu gejala gangguan fungsi atau terjadinya perubahan fisiologi pada tanaman(Hasriyanti, 2014). Pada umumnya, hal ini terjadi akibat adanya perubahan faktor lingkungan yang ekstrim, seperti perubahan nutrisi, salinitas, pH, dan tingkat kecerahan air. Penyakit yang sangat umum terjadi yaitu penyakit ice-ice yang di tandai dengan perubahan warna pada beberapa bagian thallus menjadi pucat dan bercak putih yang kemudian meluas pada keseluruan thallus. Pada bagian berwarna putih tersebut thallus akan membusuk kemudian mati", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 327, "width": 280, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Pertumbuhan dan Faktor-Faktor Lingkungan yang Mempengaruhinya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 345, "width": 394, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertumbuhan ( growth ) dapat diartikan sebagai perubahan secara kuantitatif selama siklus hidup tanaman tersebut yang bersifat terus menerus. Bertambah besar ataupun bertambahnya berat tanaman, ukuran atau bagian tanaman akibat adanya penambahan unsur(Erbabley et al., 2020)-unsur structural yang baru. Peningkatan ukuran tanaman yang tidak akan kembali sebagai akibat pembelahan dan pembesaran sel, misalnya : dalam ukuran sel, jaringan dan organ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 425, "width": 394, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laju pertumbuhan rumput laut Eucheuma sp berkisar antara 2% - 3% per hari. Ini tergantung dari suplai sinar matahari, iklim, dan kondisi geografis yang ada pada suatu perairan yang di ukur dengan pertumbuhan somatic yakni pertumbuhan yang diukur berdasarkan pertambahan berat dan panjang thallus rumput laut(Wijayanto et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 481, "width": 55, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Salinitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 499, "width": 394, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput laut Eucheuma sp adalah rumput laut yang bersifat stenohaline. Ia tidak tahan terhadapfluktasi salinitas yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu salinitas merupakan salah satu factor yang perlu untuk diperhatikan dalam usaha budidaya rumput laut. Salinitas merupakan salah satu parameter kualitas air yang sangat berpengaruh pada organism dan tumbuhan yang hidup di perairan laut. rumput laut adalah alga laut yang relative tidak tahan terhadap perbedaan salinitas yang berada diatas 30 % 0. Salinitas yang baik berkisar anatar 28 – 32 % 0 dengan nilai optimum 30 % o. untuk memperoleh perairan dengan salinitas demikian perlu dihindari lokasi yang berdekatan muara sungai. Daerah ini umumnya memiliki salinitas yang relative rendah dibandingkan dengan perairan pantai yang tidak memiliki suplai air tawar. Penurunan salinitas akibat masuknya air tawar menyebabkan pertumbuhan Eucheuma sp tidak normal. Salinitas merupakan salah satu parameter kualitas air yang cukup berpengaruh pada organism dan tumbuhan yang hidup diperairan laut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 654, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Nutrien", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 672, "width": 394, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nutrien merupakan unsur yang sangat penting bagi alga karena kekurangan salah satu unsur nutrient dapat mengakibatkan alga tidak dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Unsur-unsur nutrien yang sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan alga adalah Nitrat dan Fosfat. Selanjutnya di katakan bahwa nitrat di anggap sebagai nutrient pembatas untuk pertumbuhan alga apabila jumlah kandungannya lebih sedikit disbanding dengan kandungan fosfat dalam perairan. Nitrat merupakan sumber nitrogen yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan beberapa jenis alga laut. Nitrat tersebut diserat oleh alga laut kemudian diolah menjadi protein dan selanjutnya menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 77, "width": 394, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sumber makanan bagi organism perairan. Kekurangan nitrat ditandai dengan pemudaran warna pada thallus alga merah dari warna hijau menjadi agak keputih-putihan. Selain nitrat, fosfat juga merupakan faktor nutrien utama bagi kebutuhan alga. Kekurangan unsure dalam perairan dapat menyebabkan rendahnya produktifitas primer suatu perairan. Unsure dalam perairan tidak ditemukan dalam bentuk bebas sebagai elemen, tetapi dalam bentuk anorganiknterlarut ((Saputra Mustapa et al., n.d.) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 158, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kecepatan Arus", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 176, "width": 394, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput laut merupakan organism yang memperoleh makanan melalui aliran air yang melewatinya. Pertukaran air yang teratur sangat menguntungkan bagi alga, karena membantu mensuplai nutrient yang sangat di butuhkan untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut. Suplai zat hara ini di bantu oleh gerakan ombak dan arus yang memudahkan rumput laut untuk menyerap zat hara, membersihkan kotoran dan melangsungkan pertukaran CO 2 dengan O 2. (Riani et al., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 256, "width": 394, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecepatan arus yang di anggap cukup untuk budidaya rumput laut berkisar anatar 20-40 cm/detik. Untuk pertumbuhannya, Eucheuma sp membutuhkan gerakan air yang konstan sepanjang tahun dengan kekuatan sedang. Suatu perairan yang cukup gerakan air di tandai dengan terdapatnya karang lunak dan kondisi daun lamun yang bebas dari debu dan air, Sedangkan gerakan air yang bergelombang (ombak), ombknya tidak harus lebih dari 30 cm. bila arus yang lebih cepat maupun gelombang yang terlalu tinggi dapat memungkinkan terjadinya kerusakan tanaman, seperti patah, robek ataupun terlepas dari tali atau substraknya(Mansur et al., 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 362, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3. Manfaat Rumput Laut Eucheuma Sp", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 381, "width": 394, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil studi tercatat sebanyak 61 jenis dari 27 rumput laut di Kep Riau. Pantai lampung, Pulau Jawa, Pulau Madura, Bali, NTB, NTT, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, dan beberapa di Kepulauan Maluku sudah terbiasa di jadikan makanan. Jumlah tersebut di dominasi oleh 38 jenis dari 17 ganggang merah, 15 jenis dari 5 ganggang hijau dan 8 jenis dari 5 ganggang coklat. Dari 21 jenis ini telah di manfaatkan sebagai obat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 449, "width": 253, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemanfaatan kandungan agar-agar dari rumput laut adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 467, "width": 321, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Makanan dan susu (ice cream, yoghurt, cokelat susu, pudding instant)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 481, "width": 204, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Minuman (minuman ringan, jus buah, bir)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 495, "width": 44, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Roti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 510, "width": 59, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Permen", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 524, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Saus, kecap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 538, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Daging ikan dalam kaleng", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 552, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Makanan diet (jelli, sirup, puding)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 567, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Makanan bayi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 581, "width": 338, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i. Non pangan (makanan hewan, makanan ikan, cat, keramik, tekstil, kertas)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 595, "width": 387, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j. Farmasi dan kosmetik (pasta gigi, shampoo, obat tablet, bahan cetak gigi, obat salep).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 635, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 653, "width": 394, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini berlokasi di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Kecamatan Ujung Loe dengan sampel rumput laut jenis Eucheuma sp. Rancangan percobaan yang di lakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Rancangan acak lengkap merupakan rancangan yang paling sederhana bila di bandingkan dengan rancangan-rancangan lainnya. Dalam rancangan ini tidak terdapat local control, sehingga sumber keragaman yang diamati hanya perlakuan dan galat. Jarak perlakuannnya terdiri dari 2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15 cm dan 20cm. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji F untuk mengetahui prilaku jarak simpul yang di gunakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 77, "width": 395, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada percobaan perlakuannnya terdiri dari 2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15 cm dan 20cm. dan ppm larutan hormone dengan symbol A 1 , A 2 , A 3 dan A 4 yang semuanya di ulang sebanyak 3 kali (i= 1,2,3)maka unit-unit percobaan mempunyai symbol:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 121, "width": 351, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A 11 = perlakuan A1 pada ulangan ke-1 A 31 = perlakuan A3 pada ulangan ke- 1 A 12 = pelakuan A1 pada ulangan ke- 2 A 32 = perlakuan A3 pada ulangan ke- 2 A 13 = perlakuan A1pada ulangan ke- 3 A 33 = perlakuan A3 pada ulangan ke- 3 A 14 = perlakuan A1 pada ulangan ke- 4 A 34 = perlakuan A3 pada ulangan ke- 4 A 21 = perlakuan A2 pada ulangan ke- 1 A 41 = perlakuan A4 pada ulangan ke- 1 A 22 = pelakuan A2 pada ulangan ke- 2 A 42 = perlakuan A4 pada ulangan ke- 2 A 23 = perlakuan A2 pada ulangan ke- 3 A 43 = perlakuan A4 pada ulangan ke- 3 A 24 = perlakuan A2 pada ulangan ke-4 A 44 = perlakuan A4 pada ulangan ke- 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 234, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Results and Discussion", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 253, "width": 394, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan rumput laut jenis Eucheuma sp dengan mengunakan Metode Long Line dengan perlakuan(jarak) terdiri dari 2cm, 5cm,10cm, 15cm, dan 20cm dengan 3 kali ulangan dimana tiap ulangan berlangsung selama enam minggu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 296, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun hasil perhitungan analisis tersebut dapat dilihat pada tabel total pertumbuhan berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 331, "width": 400, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Total Pertumbuhan Perlakuan FK Jk total Jk Jarak Jk Galat 2 69768.75 460.25 73.58 386.67 5 52934.08 796.92 1109.92 686 10 86190.75 548.25 118.92 429.33 15 25392 322 18.67 303.33 20 22188 224 45.33 178.67 JUMLAH 256473.58 2351.42 1366.42 1984", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 439, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor- faktor lingkungan yang di ukur pada saat melakukan penelitian adalah pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 470, "width": 427, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2.Parameter lingkungan Parameter Ulangan 1 Ulangan 2 Ulangan 3 Rata-rata Suhu ( 0 C) 28 28,5 28.5 28.33 Kecepatan Arus(cm/dtk) 20 40 60 40 Salinitas ppt 25 29 37 30,33 Kedalaman (m) 2 6 8 5,33 Kecerahan (m) 1 1,2 1,4 0.33", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 603, "width": 394, "height": 160, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laju pertumbuhan rumput laut Eucheuma sp pada ulangan satu dengan jarak 2 cm dengan panjang tali ris 10 m. Pada jarak 2 dan 5 cm merupakan jarak yang terlalu padat bagi pertumbuhan rumput laut dan ke dua jarak tersebut memerlukan bibit terlalu banyak dan pertumbuhannya tidak cepat karena bibit yang satu dengan bibit yang lain saling bersentuhan sehingga jika ada ombak yang besar dan angin yang kencang maka bibit tersebut saling bersentuhan dan menyebabkan timbulnya penyakit dan berjatuhan serta pertumbuhannya lambat, namun jarak 5 cm pertumbuhannya agak cepat di bandingkan dengan jarak 2 cm sedangkan jarak 10 cm pertumbuhannya cepat dan tidak memerlukan bibit yang banyak kerena jaraknya sangat stabil dan bila ada tumbuhan pengganggu yang tumbuh akan mudah jatuh apabila ada angin dan ombak yang besar di bandingkan dengan jarak 2 dan 5 cm, sedangkan jarak 15 dan 20 cm, bibit yang di perlukan sedikit serta pertumbuhannya cepat namun banyak ditumbuhi tumbuhan pengganggu karena jaraknya terlalu panjang dan apabila ada tumbuhan pengganggu yang tumbuh di sekitarnya tidak mudah jatuh karena jarak terlalu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 77, "width": 394, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jauh dan pada ulangan satu ini pertumbuhannya tidak terlalu cepat karena pada saat di lakukan penelitian tidak ada angin dan ombak serta tidak pernah ada hujan. Rata-rata suhu pada saat penelitian untuk 3 kali ulangan adalah 28,33 0 C suhu tersebut dapat menujang laju pertumbuhan rumput laut. Suhu air suatu perairan di pengaruhi oleh komposisi substrak, kekeruhan, air hujan, luas permukaan perairan yang langsung mendapat sinar matahari serta perairan yang menerima air limpahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 158, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data hasil analisis RAL tersebut diatas dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Analisis Sidik Ragam (Uji F) dengan hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 193, "width": 444, "height": 88, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Sidik Ragam Uji F sumber keragaaman Derajat Bebas Jumlah Kuadrat Kuadrat Tengah( KT) F Hitung F Tabel 5% 1% Jarak 4 1366.42 1362.42 0.6901824 3.48 5.98 Galat 10 1984 1974 - total 14 3350.42", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 288, "width": 394, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada metode long line, pertumbuhan rata-rata pada ulangan I, II, III mengalami peningkatan berat, dan pertumbuhan yang paling menonjol adalah pada jarak 10 cm dan pertumbuhan yang lambat adalah pada jarak 20 cm. Namun Penurunan berat rata-rata tersebut di sebabkan oleh kematian dan kerusakan dari bagian-bagian rumput laut. Berdasarkan pengamatan, kematian rumput laut tersebut di sebabkan oleh endapan lumpur yang menutupi permukaan rumput laut. Endapan lumpur tersebut dapat menghalangi tumbuhan untuk mengambil oksigen dan melakukan aktifitas fotosintesis. Kerusakan rumput laut di sebabkan oleh ikan ikan herbivore yang memakan ranting-ranting rumput laut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 393, "width": 394, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data hasil analisis Uji F bahwa F hitung < 1% artinya tidak nyata. Hasil itu menujukan bahwa perlakuan (jarak) sangat berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan tapi tidak berpengaruh pada kualitas rumput laut dimana jarak yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm dan 20cm setiap ulangan dan hasil yang sangat menonjol adalah pada jarak 10cm dan yang kurang menonjol adalah pada jarak 20cm. kurangnya pertumbuhan pada jarak 20cm di pengaruhi oleh jarak terlalu panjang yang memungkinkan tumbuhan penganggu tumbuh disekitarnya sehingga rumput laut mudah terserang penyakit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 486, "width": 395, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian pertumbuhannya yang paling cepat yaitu jarak 10 cm di bandingkan dengan jarak yang lain dan jarak 10 cm ini tidak memerlukan bibit terlalu banyak serta tidak mudah di tumbuhi tumbuhan pengganggu dan dapat di lihat pada lampiran empat untuk hasil analisis datanya, untuk mengetahui bibit yang berkualitas atau rumput laut Eucheuma sp yang berkualitas yaitu tallusnya runcing, tidak bercak – cak putih serta bersih dari tumbuhan pengganggu lainnya. Harjadi (1979), menyatakan bahwa jarak tanam dalam satu luasan tertentu akan mempengaruhi populasi dan evisiensi penggunaan cahaya, juga mempengaruhi kompotisis antara organisme dalam menggunakan air dan zat – zat hara, dengan demikian akan mempengaruhi hasil yang di harapkan. Kepadatan dalam suatu luasan tertentu akan mempengaruhi populasi tanaman, jarak tanam yang rapat akan memberikan hasil yang tidak memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 629, "width": 76, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Conclusion", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 647, "width": 320, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 666, "width": 394, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma Spinosium , dengan menggunakan jarak simpul 2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm dan 20 cm saat ini sudah menunjukkan peningkatan yang berarti. Namun teknik budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma spinosium dengan menggunakan metode long line dan jarak simpul 2cm,5cm, 10cm, dan 20cm tidak mempengaruhi kualitas rumput laut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 715, "width": 394, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Jarak simpul yang paling baik di gunakan untuk teknik budidaya rumput laur Eucheuma sp dengan menggunakan metode long line adalah jarak 10 cm, namun jarak 10 cm ini tetap saja tidak mempengaruhi kualitas rumput laut Eucheuma sp meskipun menggunakan metode long line.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 37, "top": 39, "width": 352, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasjid, Yusniar, et.al., ARRUS Journal of Mathematics and Applied Science , Vol.4, Issue. 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35877/mathscience2937", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 69, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Print]: 2776-7922", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 783, "width": 259, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 785, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 94, "width": 57, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 112, "width": 382, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Erbabley, N. Y. G. F., Kelabora, D. M., Rettob, D. M., Perikanan, P., Tual, N., Budidaya,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 125, "width": 365, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T., Jl, P., Langgur-Sathean, K., & Tenggara, K. M. (2020). PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI METODE KANTONG DALAM BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma Cottonii GUNA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI. Dharmakarya, 9(1),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 165, "width": 286, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 – 20. https://doi.org/10.24198/DHARMAKARYA.V9I1.13861", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 187, "width": 370, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasriyanti. (2014). 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Karakteristik Pola Arus dan Nutrien Perairan Pada Areal Budi Daya Rumput Laut Di Pantai Bone-Bone Kota Baubau.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 160, "top": 275, "width": 357, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 16(2), 125 – 138. https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v16i2.17479", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 310, "width": 389, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riani, E., Taslim Arifin, dan, & Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Laut dan Pesisir, P. (2016). WATERS CARRYING CAPACITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEAWEED CULTURE OF Eucheuma cottonii IN LUWU AND PALOPO DISTRICTS, BONE BAY, SOUTH SULAWESI. 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[ { "left": 108, "top": 64, "width": 397, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KADAR LIPID TIGA JENIS MIKROALGA PADA SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 100, "width": 399, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE LYPIDS CONTENT OF THREE MICROALGAE IN DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 135, "width": 398, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diah Ratna Ningsih*, Endang L. Widiastuti, Sri Murwani, Tugiyono Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Lampung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 169, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 204, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 238, "width": 471, "height": 234, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan kandungan lipid pada ketiga jenis mikroalga yang dikultur pada media dengan salinitas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu salinitas 20, 30, dan 40 ppt pada mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., dan Porpyridium sp masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Mikroalga dikultur pada skala laboratorium selama 8 hari setelah itu dipanen untuk diukur kadar lipidnya. Hasil kultur selama 8 hari menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata tertinggi pada Nannochloropsis sp. terdapat pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu 12%/hari, sedangkan untuk Tetraselmis sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu 7%, dan untuk Porpyridium sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt yaitu 5%/hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64% dan jumlah lipid terendah terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 0,19%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata per hari tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Nannochloropsis sp pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 12% dan jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: laju pertumbuhan, lipid, mikroalga, salinitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 525, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 559, "width": 471, "height": 199, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aim of this research was to determine the growth rate and lipids contents of three microalgae that were cultured on different medias with different salinity. The experment was conducted by using a factorial complete randomized design in three treatmens, they were the salinity levels in 20, 30, and 40, ppt on Nannochloropsys sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Porpyridium sp., each in three replications. The microalgae were cultured in a laboratory scale for eight days and then being harvested to measure their lypids contents. The result showed that the highest average growth rate was found in Nannochloropsys sp. at the salinity of 40 ppt for 12% per day, while it was 7% in 20 ppt Tetraselmis sp. , and 5% in 30 ppt Porpyridium sp. The highest lypids content was found in Tetraselmis sp. In the salinity of 20 ppt for 2,64% and the lowest lypids content was found in Tetraselmis sp. In the salinity of 40 ppt for 0,19%. Based on the experiment it can be concluded that the highest spesific growth rate per day was found in Nannochloropsis sp in the salinity of 40 ppt for12% and the highest lypids was found Tetraselmis sp. In the salinity of 20 ppt for 2,64%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 22, "width": 203, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2017: hal. 23-29 ISSN : 2338-4344", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 419, "top": 37, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Tiga Jenis ... / 24", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 60, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key words : growth rate, lypids, microalgae, salinity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 95, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 222, "height": 665, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mikroalga adalah organisme tumbuhan paling primitif berukuran seluler yang umum dikenal dengan sebutan fitoplankton (Schulz, 2006). Habitat hidupnya adalah wilayah perairan di seluruh dunia. Organisme ini merupakan produsen primer perairan yang mampu berfotosintesis seperti tumbuhan tingkat tinggi (NREL,1998). Mikroalga memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku penghasil bahan bakar nabati (BBN) berupa biodiesel dan bioetanol yang merupakan alternatif untuk menyelesaikan masalah ketersediaan bahan bakar yang saat ini masih bergantung pada bahan bakar minyak (BBM). Pengembangan biofuel (biodiesel dan bioetanol) sebagai pengganti BBM memilki beberapa keuntungan yaitu menghasilkan emisi gas buang yang lebih ramah lingkungan karena kandungan oksigennya dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pembakaran. Beberapa keunggulan lain dari mikroalga yaitu tidak membutuhkan lingkungan yang luas tetapi dapat tumbuh sepanjang tahun tanpa mengenal musim. Selain itu organisme tersebut 10-100 kali menghasilkan biodisel dibanding tanaman lain untuk luas yang sama dan siklus hidupnya yang lebih singkat (BPPT, 2013). Mikroalga juga 10 kali lebih mampu menyerap CO 2 daripada tumbuhan lain karena seluruh tubuhnya mengandung zat hijau daun. Satu kilogram mikroalga dapat menghasilkan 360 gram minyak mentah dan sekitar 60 persen dari minyak mentah itu bisa diubah menjadi biofuel, artinya satu kilogram mikroalga mampu menghasilkan 240 gram biofuel (BPPT, 2013). Empat kelompok mikroalga yang dikenal di dunia yakni diatom (Bacillariophyceae), ganggang hijau (Chlorophyceae), ganggang emas (Chrysophyceae), dan ganggang biru (Cyanophyceae). Keempat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 768, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 95, "width": 219, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mikroalga tersebut bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bioenergi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 129, "width": 219, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masalah yang dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah apakah salinitas dapat mempengaruhi jumlah lipid pada mikroalga. Penelitian ini bartujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan kandungan lipid pada ketiga jenis miroalga yang dikultur pada media dengan salinitas yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 267, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BAHAN DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 285, "width": 219, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 300, "width": 220, "height": 287, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desember 2015 – Februari 2016 di Laboratorium Perairan Biologi Molekuler Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Lampung. Mikroalga yang digunakan sebagai bibit untuk memulai kultur baru adalah koleksi mikroalga yang telah dikultur oleh BBPBL yang memiliki jumlah kepadatan yang tinggi, yaitu jenis Nannochloropsis sp. , Tetracelmis sp., dan Porphyridium sp.. Sebelum melakukan penelitian terlebih dahulu dilakukan sterilisasi media dan wadah kultur. Sterilisasi media dilakukan dengan cara perebusan sedangkan sterilisasi wadah kultur dengan cara direndam dengan klorin selama 24 jam kemudian dibilas dengan air tawar dan disemprotkan alkohol 70%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 613, "width": 220, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan salinitas 20, 30, dan 40 ppt pada masing-masing mikroalga dengan jenis Nannochloropsis sp. , Tetrachelmis sp. , dan Porphyridium sp. dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pada penelitian ini media kultur dipupuk menggunakan pupuk conwy sebanyak 1 ml/liter dan diberikan satu kali pada saat awal pengulturan saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 / Ningsih, D.R., Widiastuti, E.L., Murwani, S., Tugiyono", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 62, "width": 222, "height": 234, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media kultur disiapkan pada toples dengan volume 2 (dua) liter sebanyak 750 ml dengan perlakuan 20, 30, dan 40 ppt (3x ulangan) yang sebelumnya telah diberi pupuk conwy dengan konsentrasi 1 ml/L. Setelah itu masing-masing mikroalga sebanyak 250 ml dimasukkan dengan cara disaring menggunakan tisu. Pencahayaan secara kontinyu dengan lampu TL 28 watt sebanyak 7 buah dengan fotoperiod 24 jam. Aerasi juga dilakukan secara kontinyu selama 24 jam. Pengulturan dilakukan selama 8 hari. Penghitungan kepadatan dilakukan setiap 24 jam sekali dengan bantuan mikroskop binokuler dan alat Haemocytometer dengan rumusan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah sel/ml =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 321, "width": 48, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x 25 x 10 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian laju pertumbuhan spesifik (μ) mikroalga dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Hirata et al. (1981), yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 22, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "k =", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 477, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 494, "width": 198, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No : Kepadatan awal mikroalga Nt : Kepadatan mikroalga pada waktu t", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 529, "width": 164, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T 0 : Waktu awal Tt : Waktu pengamatan 3,22 : Konstanta K : Laju pertumbuhan spesifik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 615, "width": 219, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan pengambilan sampel untuk pengukuran kadar lipid dilakukan setelah pemanenan mikroalga pada hari kedelapan. Sampel diambil sebanyak 2 gram kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode methanol-kloroform. Persentase kandungan lipid dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Gunawan (2010) yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 108, "width": 164, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan : Lw = berat lipid sampel (gram) Bw = berat biomassa sampel (gram)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 177, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 194, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepadatan Mikroalga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 211, "width": 219, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian salinitas yang berbeda pada ketiga jenis mikroalga memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda pada kepadatan populasi mikroalga tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 263, "width": 219, "height": 234, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pada mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp., kepadatan tertinggi didapat pada salinitas 40 ppt, yaitu mencapai 33,40x10 6 sel pada hari keenam (Tabel 1), sedangkan untuk mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis sp., kepadatan tertinggi didapat pada salinitas 20 ppt, yaitu mencapai 1,98x10 6 sel pada hari kedelapan (Tabel 2), dan untuk mikroalga jenis Porpyridium sp., kepadatan tertinggi didapat pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu mencapai 2,15x10 6 sel pada hari keenam (Tabel 3). Hal ini mungkin disebabkan kondisi masing-masing mikroalga mempunyai toleransi yang berbeda terhadap salinitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 539, "width": 215, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Kepadatan populasi Nannochloropsis sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 419, "top": 37, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Tiga Jenis ... / 26", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 95, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Kepadatan populasi Tetraselmis sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 285, "width": 202, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Kepadatan populasi Porpyridium sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 475, "width": 221, "height": 268, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salinitas merupakan salah satu sifat kimia air yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kehidupan organisme air. Kemampuan masing- masing mikroalga dalam melakukan adaptasi berbeda-beda tergantung jenis dan perubahan salinitas dari habitat asalnya. Semakin tinggi perbedaan salinitas dengan habitat asal maka adaptasi yang dilakukan mikroalga akan semakin berat begitu pula sebaliknya. Proses adaptasi yang berat dapat menyebabkan proses pertumbuhan dan reproduksi mikroalga tersebut terganggu. Nannochloropsis sp. dapat tumbuh pada salinitas 0-35 , namun salinitas yang optimum untuk menunjang perkembangannya adalah salinitas 20- 25‰ (Sachlan, 1982).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 751, "width": 219, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tetraselmis sp. dapat hidup pada kondisi salinitas dengan rentang cukup lebar yaitu 15-36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 95, "width": 220, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ppt dengan kondisi optimal 25-35 ppt dengan toleransi suhu antara 15-35°C dengan kondisi optimal 23°-25°C (Rostini, 2007). Pada jenis Porpyridium sp. pertumbuhan optimal terdapat pada salinitas 20 ppt, sedangkan untuk salinitas 30 dan 40 ppt mikroalga tersebut masih dapat tumbuh tetapi tidak optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 233, "width": 222, "height": 268, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hart et al. (1991) mengungkapkan bahwa penurunan pertumbuhan pada salinitas yang lebih tinggi dapat menyebabkan menurunnya proses fotosintesis. Tingginya salinitas akan menghambat proses fotosintesis (Mironyuk dan Einer, 1986), proses respirasi serta menghambat pembentukan sel anakan (Soeder & Stengel, 1974). Naik turunnya salinitas berpengaruh terhadap tekanan osmose dan mekanisme osmoregulasi yang secara langsung akan mempengaruhi proses metabolisme yang berakibat terhadap penurunan pertumbuhan populasi. Pengaturan osmose cairan bertujuan untuk menyamakan konsentrasi garam internal dengan konsentrasi garam lingkungan sekelilingnya (Widianingsih, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 526, "width": 176, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laju Pertumbuhan Populasi Spesifik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 544, "width": 221, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laju pertumbuhan populasi spesifik merupakan laju pertumbuhan harian dari populasi tersebut. Laju pertumbuhan populasi spesifik mikroalga memberikan hasil yang berbeda-beda pada tiap salinitas dan jenis mikroalga. Hasil kultur selama 8 hari menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata tertinggi pada Nannochloropsis sp. terdapat pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu 12%/hari, sedangkan untuk Tetraselmis sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu 7%, dan untuk Porpyridium sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt yaitu 5%/hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 / Ningsih, D.R., Widiastuti, E.L., Murwani, S., Tugiyono", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 235, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Laju pertumbuhan populasi spesifik Nannochloropsis sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 465, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Laju pertumbuhan populasi spesifik Tetraselmis sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 683, "width": 198, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Laju pertumbuhan populasi spesifik Porpyridium sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 741, "width": 219, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi pada tiap mikroalga terdapat pada hari pertama sampai ketiga, hal ini dikarenakan kondisi kultur masih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 62, "width": 221, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "optimum sebab nutrien yang terdapat pada media kultur masih sangat berlimpah sehingga mikroalga dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Sebaliknya laju pertumbuhan mengalami penurunan dibandingkan hari sebelumnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 149, "width": 219, "height": 164, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikarenakan nutrien mulai membatasi pertumbuhan (Lavens dan Sorgeloos, 1996) sebab nutrien atau pupuk hanya diberikan pada saat awal pengulturan saja. Selain dari perbedaan salinitas yang diberikan, perbedaan laju pertumbuhan spesifik dari masing-masing mikroalga tersebut juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dari mikroalga itu sendiri karena strain atau spesies mikroalga yang digunakan dalam penelitian berbeda (Sutomo, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 338, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Lipid Mikroalga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 356, "width": 219, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari ketiga jenis mikroalga yang dianalisis, kadar lipid mikroalga yang tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Tetraselmis sp. yaitu sebesar 2,64% pada perlakuan salinitas 20 ppt dan terendah terdapat pada jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 0,19%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 494, "width": 224, "height": 273, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Nilai persentase lipid Jenis Perlakuan (ppt) % lipid Nannochloropsi s sp. Salinitas 20 0,53 Salinitas 30 2,27 Salinitas 40 1,35 Tetraselmis sp. Salinitas 20 2,64 Salinitas 30 1,26 Salinitas 40 0,19 Porpyridium sp. Salinitas 20 0,31 Salinitas 30 0,62 Salinitas 40 0,67 Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan tingginya kadar lipid tersebut dimungkinkan karena pengambilan dilakukan pada saat fase stasioner, yaitu saat dimana terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 775, "width": 219, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keseimbangan antara tingkat kematian dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 71, "width": 223, "height": 569, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 La ju p e rt u m b u h an /h ar i Hari pengamatan salinitas 20 salinitas 30 salinitas 40 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 La ju p e rt u m b u h an /h ar i Hari pengamatan salinitas 20 salinitas 30 salinitas 40 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 La ju p e rt u m b u h an /h ar i Hari pengamatan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 104, "top": 655, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "salinitas 20 salinitas 30 salinitas 40", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 419, "top": 37, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Tiga Jenis ... / 28", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 60, "width": 219, "height": 165, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tingkat pertumbuhan. Pada fase ini mikroalga yang bertahan akan menyimpan cadangan makanannya dalam bentuk lemak untuk bertahan hidup. Hal ini sesuai dengan pernyataan Panggabean (2011) bahwa produksi lipid atau penumpukan cadangan lemak terjadi pada saat fase stasioner, yaitu ketika nutrien utama seperti nitrogen untuk sintesa protein atau untuk produksi biomasa sudah tidak mencukupi lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 250, "width": 222, "height": 423, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kadar lipid mikroalga yaitu keadaan stress. Hal ini disebabkan dalam keadaan stress tertentu, mikroalga terstimulasi untuk mensintesis lipida lebih banyak dari keadaan normalnya sebagai bentuk mekanisme mikroalga dalam melakukan perlindungan diri dan adaptasi terhadap kondisi di lingkungan tumbuhnya. Pada penelitian ini keadaan stress yang diberikan yaitu stress lingkungan berupa pemberian salinitas yang lebih rendah dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan salinitas rata-rata air laut/salinitas asalnya. Margaret (1984) menyatakan bahwa keadaan stress menghasilkan kadar lipid lebih besar dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan mikroalga. Menurut Bosma dan Wijffels (2003), kondisi stress mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan (stressed accelerated growth) pada mikroalga. Kadar salinitas yang tinggi dan lebih rendah dalam penelitian ini termasuk salah satu keadaan stress bagi alga. Menurut Bajpai (1993) selain suhu, intensitas cahaya, aerasi, unsur hara, ph, dan umur kultur, yang berperan penting dalam biosintesis dan akumulasi lipid adalah salinitas dan kerapatan sel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 699, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 716, "width": 219, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepadatan populasi tertinggi untuk mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp. terdapat pada salinitas 40 ppt, sedangkan untuk mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis dan Porpyridium sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 60, "width": 220, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepadatan populasi tertinggi terdapat pada salinitas 20 ppt. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi pada mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., dan Porpyridium sp. rata- rata terdapat pada hari pertama dan ketiga dikarenakan nutrien yang tersedia masih melimpah. Persentase jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada mikrolga jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64% sedangkan persentase jumlah lipid terendah terdapat pada mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 0,19%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 302, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 319, "width": 220, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bajpai, P. dan P.K. Bajpai. 1993. ―Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Production from Microorganisme: a review,‖ Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 30, hal. 161 –183.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 400, "width": 219, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gunawan. 2010. Keragaman Dan Mikroalga Dari Sumber Air", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 423, "width": 205, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Panas Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Sumber Biodiesel [tesis]. Bogor: Fakultas Matematika dan lmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 480, "width": 220, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lavens, P. and P. Sorgeloos. 1996. Manual on the Production and Use of Live Food For Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 301 . 295 p", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 538, "width": 219, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Margaret P., K. Hinnerk, dan P. Pohl. 1984. Biomass Production, Total Protein, Chlorophylls, Lipids and Fatty Acids of", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 572, "width": 205, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Freshwater Green and Blue-Green Algae Under Different Nitrogen Regimes . Phytochemistry, Vol 23, No 2, 207-216.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 618, "width": 221, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). 1998. A Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Aquatic Species Program— Biodiesel from Algae. Colorado:NREL; (NREL Report).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 687, "width": 220, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rostini, I. 2007. Kultur Fitoplankton (Chlorella sp. dan Tetraselmis chuii) Pada Skala Laboratorium . Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Padjajaraan. Jatinangor.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 / Ningsih, D.R., Widiastuti, E.L., Murwani, S., Tugiyono", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 62, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sachlan, M. 1982. Planktonologi. Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan Universitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diponegoro. Semarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Schultz, D. dan S. E. Schultz. 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 205, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Psychology & Work Today. (9th ed). New", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 219, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Soeder, C. and E. Stengel. 1974. Physico- chemical factors affecting metabolism and growth rate. In : ―Algal Physiology and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 187, "width": 204, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biochemistry‖. (W.D.P. Stewart. Editor).Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford London Edinburgh Melbourne : 714-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 223, "width": 22, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "730.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 246, "width": 219, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutomo. 2005. Kultur Tiga Jenis Mikroalga (Tetraselmis sp., Chlorella sp. dan Chaetoceros gracilis) dan Pemgaruh Kepadatan Awal Terhadap Pertumbuhan C. Gracilis di Laboratorium. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia. No. 37 :43-58. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 219, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widianingsih. 2010. Eksplorasi Mikroalga yang Berpotensi Sebagai Biofuel dalam Upaya Pencaharian Energi Alterfnatif Yang Terbarukan. Abstrack Penelitian . Undip: Semarang.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 259, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua dalam Memilih Taman Kanak-Kanak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 83, "width": 97, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Bagi Anak Usia Dini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 107, "width": 129, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti STAI Terpadu Yogyakarta [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 156, "width": 293, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Abstract : For parents, choosing a school for their kids is something that cannot be simple. As a first institution that give a proper education, kindergarten should facilitate children’s ‘golden age’ to prepare them facing a real world . The aim of this study is to get information about what factor that parents should consider before they choose a suitable kindergarten for their beloved one. This research was using library research, which was a research method that using materials from library such as book and journal as a information source. Based on research, we can conclude that there are some factors that parents should consider, which was the location, cost, religious education partion, vision and mission, physical facilities, and teachers profile.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 301, "width": 189, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Keyword: taman kanak-kanak, anak usia dini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 325, "width": 64, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 337, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan sesuatu yang harus diupayakan seumur hidup. Dengan diberikannya pendidikan, individu akan terasah pemikirannya dan membuat individu tersebut siap untuk terjun di masyarakat. Sejak lahir hingga akhir hayat, manusia mengalami proses pendidikan. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 1989 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional, menjelaskan: “Pendidikan adalah upaya sadar yang diarahkan untuk mempersiapkan peserta didik melalui kegiatan pengajaran, bimbingan dan atau latihan bagi perannya di masa yang akan datang”. Sumber pendidikan pertama didapatkan oleh setiap individu adalah keluarga. Setelah individu dirasa mampu untuk menerima pendidikan yang lebih, maka individu tersebut dapat melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan selanjutnya di lembaga pendidikan lanjutan yang bersifat formal, nonformal, dan informal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 343, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Orang tua selalu ingin memberikan yang terbaik untuk anaknya, termasuk memberikan bekal pendidikan yang terbaik. Segala usaha dilakukan orang tua agar anak mendapatkan pendidikan dan pengalaman belajar yang paling optimal sehingga diharapkan mampu bersaing di masa yang akan datang. Pendidikan pada usia dini merupakan investasi yang menentukan kehidupan anak selanjutnya. Saat anak berusia 0-6 tahun, merupakan saat dimana anak sedang mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat. Tak heran usia 0-6 tahun sering disebut dengan usia emas (golden age) yang hanya datang sekali dan tidak dapat diulangi lagi. Masa golden age merupakan masa yang tepat untuk memberikan stimulasi pada setiap aspek perkembangan anak. Pendidikan formal telah dijadikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 342, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "pijakan untuk menyiapkan masa depan anak. Satu langkah yang cukup menentukan oleh orang tua dalam hal ini adalah dalam memilih sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) adalah jenjang pendidikan sebelum jenjang pendidikan dasar yang merupakan suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan bagi anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan (stimulasi) pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani serta rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut yang diselenggarakan pada jalur formal, non formal, dan informal 1 . PAUD pada pendidikan formal meliputi Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK), Raudhatul Athfal (RA), atau lembaga lain yang sederajat. PAUD jalur non formal meliputi Kelompok Bermain (KB), Taman Penitipan Anak (TPA), atau lembaga lain yang sederajat. PAUD jalur informal meliputi pendidikan dalam keluarga atau yang diselenggarakan oleh lingkungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 343, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Walaupun pendidikan anak usia dini merupakan pendidikan yang dilakukan sebelum pendidikan dasar, namun pendidikan anak usia dini tetap akan mempengaruhi kehidupan anak dalam pendidikan selanjutnya. Bila anak diberikan stimulasi yang tepat dan berjalan dengan baik, tentu akan membantu proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang baik akan membantu anak dalam menyerap stimulasi dari pendidikan selanjutnya, yaitu pendidikan dasar. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini harus dilakukan dengan teliti dan berbagai pertimbangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 357, "width": 343, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Setiap orang tua memang seharusnya mencarikan sekolah terbaik atau berkualitas bagi anaknya. Seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman dan kesadaran pendidikan oleh masyarakat yang cenderung meningkat 2 , lembaga PAUD makin menjamur. Baik yang dikelola oleh pemerintah maupun pihak swasta. Banyaknya pilihan sekolah dapat membuat orang tua kesulitan dalam memilih sekolah. Di Yogyakarta yang sering dikatakan sebagai kota pendidikan ini, pada tahun 2019 jumlah Taman Kanak- Kanak (TK) Negeri adalah 46 dan TK Swasta 2.076 unit. TK yang berada di Yogyakarta ini semua berada dalam kondisi layak 3 . Dengan diberikannya status layak pada semua TK di Yogyakarta, berarti orang tua memiliki berbagai macam pilihan. Orang tua sebagai pengasuh pertama dan utama bagi anak, sudah seharusnya mempertimbangkan baik dan buruk sekolah tersebut sebelum nantinya menyekolahkan anaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 519, "width": 343, "height": 37, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain meliputi sekolah efektif yang mendasari beberapa hal antara lain, lokasi sekolah, lingkungan sekitar sekolah, prestasi yang dimiliki sekolah, sarana-prasarana sekolah, program", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "1 Hasan, M., Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, ( Yogyakarta: Penerbit Diva Press, 2010), hlm.15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "2 http://bappeda.jogjaprov.go.id/dataku/data_dasar/cetak/478-jumlah- sekolah tanggal 07 Maret 2020 pukul 10.40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "3 https://www.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/1054 tanggal 13 Maret 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 343, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "unggulan sekolah, hasil lulusan sekolah tersebut, biaya pendidikan, tenaga pengajar maupun tenaga kependidikan di sekolah dan berbagai hal lain yang menarik minat para orang tua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 109, "width": 343, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Keluarga khususnya orang tua sebagai peletak dasar pendidikan pada anak usia dini memiliki tugas untuk memberikan pendidikan dasar pada anak sebelum pada akhirnya orang tua memilihkan lembaga pendidikan yang tepat bagi anak untuk menunjang masa depannya. Banyak faktor yang menentukan pilihan orang tua untuk menetapkan tempat menyekolahkan anaknya. Banyak penelitian yang mengkaji secara langsung motivasi dibalik pemilijan sekolah anak. Namun peneliti dalam tulisan ini akan mencoba mengidentifikasi motivasi apa yang mendasari pemilihan taman kanak- kanak tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang diambil adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian kepustakaan merupakan suatu studi yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan informasi dan data dengan bantuan berbagai macam material yang ada di perpustakaan. Sumber-sumber data dapat didapatkan melalui jurnal, laporan hasil penelitian, majalah ilmiah, surat kabar, buku yang relevan, hasil-hasil seminar, artikel ilmiah, dan narasumber 4 . Namun, dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan mengambil data yang bersumber dari jurnal, artikel ilmiah, dan buku yang relevan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 344, "width": 343, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Dalam penelitian kepustakaan, metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian berupa data-data kepustakaan yang telah dipilih, dicari, disajikan dan dianalisis. Sumber data penelitian ini mencari data-data kepustakaan yang substansinya membutukan tindakan pengolahan secara filosofis dan teoritis. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 431, "width": 126, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pengertian Anak Usia Dini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 444, "width": 343, "height": 123, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Istilah anak sudah sering di dengar oleh banyak orang, namun ada beberapa yang belum mengetahui definisi dari anak itu sendiri. Bila merujuk pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, anak adalah manusia yang masih kecil ataupun manusia yang belum dewasa 5 . Sedangkan menurut Undang- Undang Pasal 1 ayat 1 UU No 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, anak adalah seorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan. Namun, tidak semua individu yang masih berada dalam usia di bawah 18 tahun dapat dikategorikan sebagai anak usia dini. Menurut National Association in Education for Young Children (NAEYC) anak usia dini adalah anak yang berada dalam rentang usia 0-8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 343, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "4 Sukardi, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, (Yogyakarta: Bumi Aksara ,2017), hlm. 34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 627, "width": 280, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "5 W.J.S. Poerwadirminta, Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia,(1984), hlm 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 343, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "tahun. Usia tersebut dibagi kembali menjadi kelompok usia yaitu 0-3 tahun, 3-5 tahun, dan 6-8 tahun 6 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 343, "height": 174, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Klasifikasi umur anak usia dini menurut NAEYC ini dipakai hampir di seluruh dunia. Namun, Indonesia memiliki batasan usia tersendiri untuk menjelaskan anak usia dini. UU Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 menjelaskan bahwa anak usia dini adalah anak yang berada dalam rentang umur 0-6 tahun. Namun rentang usia anak usia dini menurut Undang-undang ini terkadang masih mengundang sejumlah polemik di kalangan masyarakat. Anak yang berada pada rentang usia 7-8 tahun telah dianggap tidak berada pada usia dini, sehingga program perawatan, pelayanan, pengasuhan, pendidikan, dan pembelajaran yang diberikan selayaknya orang dewasa. Perbedaan ini pada akhirnya berdampak pada proses pembelajaran anak usia dini. Anak pada usia dini diajarkan menghitung, membaca, menulis dengan menggunakan metode yang kurang sesuai dengan anak usia dini dengan alasan sebagai persiapan memasuki Sekolah Dasar (SD).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 270, "width": 343, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Masa perkembangan dan pertumbuhan pada rentang usia dini sangat pesat dan hanya terjadi sekali dalam sepanjang hidup individu. Masa golden age sangat fundamental dan akan menentukan untuk pengembangan kualitas manusia selanjutnya 7 . Penanganan sedini mungkin diperlukan dalam masa ini 8 . Berbagai tingkat usia anak dapat teramati dari rentang ini, yaitu bayi, balita, anak usia PAUD/TK, sampai anak usia dasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 345, "width": 342, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat yang telah disampaikan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa anak usia dini adalah individu yang berada pada rentang usia 0-8 tahun yang berada pada masa fundamental pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Karakteristik Anak Usia Dini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 342, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Anak usia dini memiliki beberapa karakterstik yang unik. Keunikan ini muncul karena anak usia dini sedang berada pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang fundamental untuk kehidupan selanjutnya. Dengan memahami karakteristik anak, diharapkan orang tua mampu memilih dan memilah lembaga pendidikan yang sesuai dengan anak. Adapun karakteristik anak usia dini menurut Siti Aisyah 9 dan () 10 adalah: a. Anak menunjukkan sikap egosentris", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "6 Dr. Dadan Suryana, Dasar-dasar Pendidikan TK, (Tangerang: Universitas Terbuka 2014), hlm 1.6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 343, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "7 Diana Mutiah, Psikologi Bermain Anak Usia Dini, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2010), hlm. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 343, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "8 Ernawulan Syaodih, Buku Ajar Paud, (2009), hlm. 1 9 Aisyah S., dkk, Perkembangan dan Konsep Dasar Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini, (2010), hlm 1.5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 343, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "10 Dadan Suryana, Dasar-dasar pendidikan TK, (Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka, 2014), hlm 1.9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 71, "width": 325, "height": 91, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pada usia dini, anak memandang sesuatu dengan sudut pandangnya sendiri. Anak akan cenderung mengabaikan sudut pandang yang dimiliki oleh orang lain. Karakteristik ini berkaitan dengan perkembangan kognitif pada anak usia dini. Menurut teori Piaget, anak melalui 3 tahap perkembangan kognitif, yaitu tahap sensorimotorik (0-2 tahun), tahap praooperasional (2-6 tahun), dan tahap operasional konkrit (6-11 tahun).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 163, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "b. Memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 176, "width": 325, "height": 129, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Bagi anak usia dini, segala sesuatu yang ia lihat di dunia merupakan hal yang baru dan menyenangkan. Rasa takjub ini yang menggiring munculnya rasa ingin tahu dalam diri anak. Anak mencari tahu dengan melakukan trial and error. Pada usia 3-4 tahun, anak mulai sering membongkar pasang segala sesuatu guna memenuhi rasa ingin tahu. Selain itu, anak juga mulai bertanya walaupun menggunakan bahasa sederhana. Rasa ingin tahu sangat baik untuk dikembangkan untuk memberikan pengetahuan yang baru bagi anak dalam rangka mengembangkan kognitifnya. Sehingga penting bagi pendidik untuk memfasilitasi dan mengembangkan rasa ingin tahu anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 343, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "c. Memiliki rentang konsentrasi yang pendek Anak memiliki rentang konsentrasi yang pendek, terutama pada hal yang dianggap kurang menarik 11 . Pada usia lima tahun, anak mampu berkonsentrasi selama sepuluh menit. Daya konsentrasi yang rendah ini membuat anak masih sulit untuk duduk dan memperhatikan sesuatu dalam jangka waktu yang lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "d. Anak bersifat unik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 398, "width": 325, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Setiap anak memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda. Bahkan anak kembar sekalipun pasti memiliki keunikannya masing-masing. Gaya belajar, minat, latar belakang keluarga dan budaya, bakat anak tentu berbeda. Meskipun terdapat pola urutan umum dalam perkembangan anak yang dapat diprediksi, namun pola perkembangan dan belajarnya tetap memiliki perbedaan satu sama lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 141, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "e. Bagian dari makhluk sosial", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 489, "width": 325, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pada usia dini, anak mulai suka bergaul dan mau bergabung dengan teman. Anak mengasah kemampuan sosialnya dengan belajar berbagi, menunggu giliran, dan mengalah kepada teman. Anak mulai belajar untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan agar ia mampu diterima oleh lingkungan. Kesadaran akan rasa membutuhkan orang lain juga muncul pada usia dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 332, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "11 Husnuzziadatul Khairi, Karakteristik Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Dari 0-6 Tahun, Jurnal Warna vol.2, no.2, Desember 2018 hlm 19.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Taman Kanak-Kanak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 343, "height": 174, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Taman Kanak-kanak merupakan salah satu lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal pertama yang ditempuh anak, Taman Kanak-kanak menjadi jembatan antara pendidikan keluarga dan masyarakat. Sehingga hasil dari proses pendidikan yang ada di keluarga diolah oleh sekolah. Nilai pendidikan yang bersifat baik bagi masyarakat sebisa mungkin ditanamkan lebih dalam, namun nilai pendidikan yang kurang baik akan diupayakan untuk berkurang karena akan menimbulkan konflik di masyarakat saat dewasa. Taman Kanak-kanak menyediakan layanan pendidikan untuk anak yang berada pada usia minimal 4 tahun hingga usia masuk sekolah dasar (7 tahun). Ikut atau tidaknya anak-anak pendidikan taman kanak-kanak bukan merupakan acuan apakah anak tersebut dapat melanjutkan ke pendidikan dasar atau tidak. Namun, pendidikan di taman kanak-kanak memegang peranan penting dalam membentuk dasar pola pikir anak-anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 257, "width": 343, "height": 161, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Penyelenggaraan pendidikan anak usia dini khususnya taman kanak- kanak pada dasarnya mengupayakan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak. Menurut Anderson, “Early childhood education is based on a number of methodical didactics consideration the aim of which is provide opportunities for development of children personality” 12 . Arti dari pernyataan tersebut adalah pelaksanaan pendidikan anak usia dini dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa metode pembelajaran engan tujuan untuk menyediakan kesempatan pengembangan kepribadian anak. Berdasarkan pendapat tersebut, terlihat bahwa pendidikan anak usia dini khususnya pada taman kanak-kanak sebisa mungkin dilaksanakan dengan pertimbangan yang matang, agar dapat maksimal dalam proses pengembangan kepribadian anak. Maka dari itu, proses pemberian stimulasi bagi aspek-aspek pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak harus dipertimbangkan secara matang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 343, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Kehidupan pada masa anak merupakan periode kritis di mana kualitas stimulasi harus diatur sebaik-baiknya dan memerlukan intervensi dari orang lain. Dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 Tahun 2014 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, dapat teramati bahwa pembelajaran yang ada di TK akan mengembangkan enam aspek perkembangan anak usia dini, yaitu fisik/motorik, sosial-emosional, bahasa, seni, dan kognitif. Masing-masing aspek ini saling berkaitan dan mempangaruhi satu sama lain. Pendidikan di taman kanak-kanak hendaknya menyediakan pengalaman-pengalaman yang menyenangkan, iklim bermakna dan hangat seperti yang diberikan orang tua di lingkungan rumah 13 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "12 Masitoh dan Djohaeni, Pendekatan Belajar Aktif di Taman Kanak-Kanak, Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2005), hlm.43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 343, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "13 Diana Mutiah, Psikologi Bermain Anak Usia Dini, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2010) hlm.10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 165, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pembelajaran Taman Kanak-Kanak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 342, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pembelajaran dapat diartikan sebagai upaya sistematik dan disengaja untuk menciptakan terjadinya kegiatan interaksi edukatif antara dua pihak, yaitu anak-anak (warga belajar) dan pendidik (sumber belajar) yang melakukan kegiatan membelajarkan 14 . Interaksi edukatif yang diharapkan dalam pembelajaran adalah yang bersifat kondusif sehingga tujuan belajar akan tercapai dengan baik. Dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran untuk anak usia dini, terdapat beberapa prinsip yang perlu untuk dicermati oleh guru, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 183, "width": 342, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "1. Berorientasi pada kebutuhan, minat, karakteristik, dan perkembangan anak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 208, "width": 325, "height": 111, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Kegiatan pembelajaran dalam pendidikan anak usia dini diarahkan a dilaukan secara integratif 15 . Pendidik juga harus memberikan kesempatan bagi anak untuk melakukan kegiatan eksplorasi, penyelidikan, interaksi sosial, komunikasi, dan peningkatan kemampuan koordinasi gerakan motorik 16 . Dengan membentuk lingkungan belajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak, maka proses pembelajaran akan cenderung tepat sasaran dan melancarkan proses mencapai tujuan. Namun, dalam merancang pembelajaran anak usia dini juga perlu memperhatikan kondisi dari aspek luar dan dalam diri anak 17 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 126, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "2. Belajar melalui bermain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 332, "width": 325, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Dunia anak-anak adalah dunia bermain. Anak memiliki kecenderungan untuk antusias terhadap kegiatan bermain 18 . Bermain merupakan prioritas utama dalam kegiatan pembelajaran anak usia dini. Melalui bermain, anak mampu belajar berbagai hal baru yang belum ia ketahui sebelumnya. Sebagai pendidik, sebaiknya memiliki kesadaran bahwa melalui kegiatan bermain maupun mainan yang dinikmati anak dapat digunakan untuk menarik perhatian dan mengembangkan pengetahuan mereka 19 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 431, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "3. Pembelajaran berpusat pada anak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 444, "width": 325, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Anak usia dini (0-6 tahun) sedang berada dalam masa golden age. Pada masa tersebut otak anak sedang berkembang 80% dan mampu menyerap banyak sekali stimulus. Dengan menerapkan Student Centre Learning(SCL) maka pembelajaran dapat memberdayakan anak menjadi pusat perhatian selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung, memberi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 526, "width": 342, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "14 Nana Sudjana, Penilaian Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar, (Jakarta: PT. Rosdakarya, 2007), hlm. 5 15 Anita Yus, Model Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2011) hlm.24 16 Martini Jamaris, Perkembangan dan Pengembangan Anak Usia Taman Kanak- Kanak,(Jakarta: Grasindo, 2006), hlm. 122,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 342, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "17 Muhyidin, dkk, Ensiklopedi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 2 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, (Yogyakarta: Insan Madani, 2014) hlm.10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 342, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "18 M. Fadhillah, Buku ajar Bermain dan Permainan, (Jakarta: 2019), hlm.10 19 Diana Muthia, Psikologi Bermain Anak Usia Dini,(Jakarta: Kencana, 2010) hlm. 92-93", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 71, "width": 324, "height": 62, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "kesempatan pada peserta didik menyesuakan dengan kemampuannya. Pemberian stimulus-stimulus yang tepat sangat dibutuhkan oleh anak. Anak tidak perlu dipaksa untuk memenuhi standar program yang dirancang orang dewasa, karena setiap anak memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dan unik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 134, "width": 343, "height": 111, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "4. Pembelajaran bersifat aktif, kreatif, interaktif, efektif dan menyenangkan Anak usia dini memiliki kemampuan konsentrasi yang cenderung pendek, sehingga pembelajaran yang diberikan perlu dikemas dengan efektif dan tidak bertele-tele. Untuk merancang pembelajaran, sebaiknya juga dipilih kegiatan yang melibatkan panca indra anak dan membuat anak bersifat aktif dan kreatif, ikut berpartisipasi dalam pembelajaran baik secara fisik maupun lisan. Namun yang terpenting adalah jangan sampai membuat anak merasa terpaksa dan terbebani saat melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "5. Memadukan kesehatan, gizi, pendidikan, pengasuhan, dan perlindungan Tugas pengasuhkan dan perlindungan merupakan kewajiban sekolah selama anak mengikuti proses belajar mengajar. Tugas pengasuhan dalam hal ini juga mencakup pemberian gizi dan nutrisi bagi anak. Dalam rentang usia dini, kebutuhan anak akan nutrisi yang baik sangat penting untuk perkembangan otak anak 20 . Makanan yang kaya akan mineral, protein, lemak, karbohidrat dan gula penting untuk dipenuhi dan merupakan komponen dalam pendidikan anak usia dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 357, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Sekolah Efektif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 369, "width": 343, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Pemahaman terhadap institusi sekolah sangat penting karena basis pendidikan adalah sekolah. Sekolah adalah lembaga pendidikan yang dapat bersifat formal, nonformal, dan informal yang didirikan oleh negara maupun swasta yang dirancang untuk mengajari, mengelola dan mendidik peserta didik melalui bimbingan yang diberikan oleh tenaga pendidik 21 . Sekolah juga merupakan sebuah sistem yang kompleks karena selain terdiri atas input- proses-output juga memiliki akuntabilitas terhadap konteks pendidikan dan outcome 22 . Menurut Anisa, sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan, organisasi sosial sebagai sarana pembinaan dan wahana pengembangan yang menyediakan layanan jasa serta pembelajaran, pendidikan dan pengajaran kepada masyarakat dan putra-putri bangsa agar menjadi anak-anak yang berguna bagi bangsa dan negara. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 342, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "20 Jensen, E , Teaching with Brain in Mind,(ASCD, 2005) hlm. 25 21 http://lyceum.id/2016/11/15/definisi-dan-fungsi-sekolah diakses tanggal 07 April 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 572, "width": 343, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "22 Permana, J., Koswara, D. D., & Triatna, C , A Leaderpreneurship Training Model for Elementary School Principals in the Framework for Guaranting School Qualities, (Indonesia University of Education, 2010) ,hlm.1 23 Anisa Fitriana, Survei Tingkat Presentase Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Orang Tua Memilh Sekolah di Tk Gugus II Kecamatan Berbah,( Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Edisi 4 Tahun ke 5, 2016), hlm. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 288, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "“Sekolah dalam arti yang luas di dalamnya mencakup mulai dari kelompok bermain (play-group/ PG), taman kanak-kanak (TK), sekolah dasar (SD), sekolah menengah pertama (SMP), sekolah menengah atas (SMA), sampai perguruan tinggi merupakan salah satu agen sosialisasi yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Sekolah perlahan menjadi agen pengganti terhadap apa yang dilakukan oleh keluarga seiring dengan intensifnya anak memasuki ruang sosial dari ruang sekolah” 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 171, "width": 343, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Berdasarkan beberapa pendapat yang telah dipaparkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sekolah adalah sebuah lembaga pendidikan yang menyediakan layanan jasa serta pembelajaran dan dirancang untuk mengelola dan mendidik peserta didik yang dapat bersifat formal, non formal, dan informal. Sebuah sekolah dapat dikategorikan baik bila terdapat keefektifan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 343, "height": 296, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Sebuah sekolah dapat dikatakan efektif bila sekolah tersebut dapat memanfaatkan komponen-komponen yang dimiliki oleh sekolah tersebut. Komponen yang dimiliki tersebut bisa berupa komponen internal maupun komponen eksternal, memiliki sistem pengelolaan yang baik dalam rangka untuk mencapai visi dan misi sekolah. Mendukung pernyataan sebelumnya, Kholis mendefinisikan sekolah efektif adalah sekolah yang mampu mengorganisir dan memanfaatkan seluruh fungsinya untuk menjamin semua siswa mempelajari kurikulum esensial tanpa memandang latar belakang siswa itu sendiri 25 . Fungsi yang dimaksud adalah ekonomis, fungsi sosial- kemanusiaan, fungsi politis, fungsi budaya, maupun fungsi pendidikan. Pelayanan pendidikan di sekolah efektif tidak memandang ras, janis kelamin, maupun status sosial ekonomi dan melayani seluruh siswa dengan sama 26 . Sammsons, Hilman, dan Mortimore merumuskan sekolah efektif sebagai “one in which pupils progress further than might be expected from consideration of its intake. In other word an effective schools add sextravaluetoits students outcome incomparison without her schools serving similar intakes. By contrastanin effective school is one in which students make less progress than expected given their character isticat in take” 27 Dari definisi yang disampaikan oleh Sammsons, Hilman, dan Mortimore tersebut dapat terlihat bahwa sekolah efektif mampu memfasilitasi perkembangan siswanya hingga melewati batas yang diharapkan dari stimulus yang diberikan. Sekolah efektif juga akan memberikan siswa kemajuan diluar yang telah diharapkan. Pendapat yang sama juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 342, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "24 Damsar, Pengantar Sosiologi Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Prenadamedia, 2011), hlm.72 25 Nur Kholis, Menuju Sekolah Efektif : Tantangan, Peluang, dan Strategi,( Seminar Nasional Tti Showcase Meeting Sulawesi Selatan, 2015) hlm. 3 26 Aan Komariah dan Cepi Triatna, Visionary Leadership: Menuju Sekolah Efektif, (Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara, 2006), hlm 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "27 Hillman Mortimore, Key Characteristic of Effective School: A Review of School Effectiveness Research, (London: OFSTE, 1995), hlm 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 343, "height": 186, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "disampaikan oleh Moerdiyanto, bahwa sebuah sekolah dapat dikatakan efektif bila terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara apa yang telah dirumuskan untuk dikerjakan dengan hasil-hasil yang dicapai oleh sekolah, sebaliknya sekolah dikatakan tidak efektif bila hubungan tersebut rendah 28 . Berdasarkan beberapa pendapat, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sekolah efektif adalah lembaga yang memberikan layanan pendidikan dengan memanfaatkan seluruh fungsi (ekonomis, fungsi sosial-kemanusiaan, fungsi politis, fungsi budaya, maupun fungsi pendidikan) secara maksimal kepada peserta didik tanpa memandang ras, jenis kelamin, maupun status sosial ekonomi sehingga menghasilkan output berupa perkembangan siswa yang melewati batas yang diharapkan dari stimulus yang diberikan. Bila diimplementasikan dalam pendidikan anak usia dini, maka sekolah efektif harus mampu memfasilitasi perkembangan anak secara maksimal tanpa memandang ras, jenis kelamin, dan faktor-faktor lain yang melekat pada anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 270, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Karakteristik Sekolah Efektif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 282, "width": 343, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Setiap lembaga memiliki karakteristik yang akan membedakannya dengan yang lain. Namun, bila dilihat secara garis besar, ada beberapa karakteristik utama yang dimiliki sekolah efektif dan membuatnya berbeda dengan sekolah lainnya yang kurang efektif. Burustic dan Babarovic mengungkapkan beberapa karakteristik dari sekolah yang efektif, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 357, "width": 288, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "“Clear school mission developed in agreement between and shared by the principal and the teachers; High expectations shared by the school staff that students can succeed and that teachers can help them succeed; Effective instructional leaders who reinforce the school mission and vision; Students are provided with opportunity and time to learn, and teachers have clear expectations regarding what to teach and adequate time to teach; The school environtment is safe and orderly, and cooperation and respect is stimulated; Positive home-school relations are fostered, and parental involvement in school is stimulated” 29", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 466, "width": 343, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Lingkungan sekolah yang transparan dan suportif menjadi kunci dari terbentuknya sekolah efektif menurut Burustic dan Babarovic. Keadaan suportif yang diberikan mencakup adanya penguatan dari staff dan guru kepada siswa, penciptaan lingkungan belajar yang mendukung, dan kesempatan seluas luasnya yang diberikan kepada siswa. Namun, pendidkan yang sudah diupayakan di sekolah tentu harus selaras dengan pendidikan di rumah. Oleh karena itu, hubungan antara sekolah dan keluarga menjadi hal yang penting. Menambahkan penjelasan sebelumnya, Margareta dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 335, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "28 Moerdiyanto, Manajemen Sekolah Indonesia yang Efektif melalui Penerapan Total Quality Management, (Imeec Proceeding, 2007), hlm.4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 323, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "29 Burusic, Josip & Babarovic, Toni, School Effectiveness: An Overview of Conceptual, Methodological, and Empirical Foundations,( In School Effectiveness and Educational Management (pp. 5-26, 2015) ,hlm 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "65", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 343, "height": 62, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Suharsimi menambahkan bahwa dalam sekolah efektif terdapat kepemimpinan kependidikan yang kuat, komitmen pegawai terhadap program sekolah tinggi, memiliki jaringan kemitraan yang kuat, memenuhi harapan orang tua, dan jumlah murid terus bertambah karena adanya minat masyarakat 30 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 134, "width": 337, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Anisa menggambarkan karakteristik sekolah efektif menjadi beberapa aspek sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 170, "width": 309, "height": 172, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Sekolah Efektif 31 Aspek Indikator Supporting Inputs Dukungan orang tua dan masyarakat Lingkungan belajar yang sehat Dukungan yang efektif dari sistem pendidikan Kelengekapan buku dan sumber belajar Enabling Condition Kepemimpinan yang efektif Tenaga guru yang kompeten Fleksibilitas Pelaksanaan kepemimpinan School climate Harapan siswa yang tinggi Sikap guru yang efektif Keteraturan dan Disiplin Kurikulum yang terorganisasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 197, "top": 342, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Sistem reward dan insentif bagi siswa dan guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 353, "width": 326, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Adanya iklim yang positif dan kondusif bagi siswa untuk belajar Teaching-learning process Tuntuan waktu belajar yang tinggi Strategi belajar yang bervariasi Pekerjaan rumah yang sering Penilaian Umpan balik yang sering", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 197, "top": 432, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Partisipasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 443, "width": 206, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Tujuan sekiolah dinyatakan secara jelas dan spesifik Kemajuan yang dimonitor Keberhasilan dalam mencapai aktivitas yang sensual", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 512, "width": 338, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Berdasarkan beberapa pendapat sebelumnya, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sekolah yang efektif memiliki beberapa karakteristik, yaitu kepemimpinan yang efketif, adanya lingkungan yang suportif dan sehat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 343, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "30 Margareta Widiyastuti dan Suharsimi Arikunto, Dinamika Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Mengembangkan Sekolah Efektif di SD Kanisius Kadirojo,(Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan Volume 3, No 1, 2015),hlm 87", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 342, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "31 Anisa Fitriana, Survei Tingkat Presentase Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Orang Tua Memilh Sekolah di Tk Gugus II Kecamatan Berbah, (Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Edisi 4 Tahun ke 5, 2016) hlm 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "66", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 338, "height": 50, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan sehingga mencipkakan harapan orang tua dan siswa yang tinggi, adanya hubungan kemitraan dan hubungan sekolah- keluarga yang baik, pendidik yang menguasai pembelajaran, dan jumlah siswa yang terus meningkat karena naiknya minat masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 140, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Memilih Sekolah untuk Anak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 146, "width": 338, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Memilih sekolah untuk anak merupakan perkara yang tidak dapat dianggap enteng. Sewajarnya seluruh orang tua ingin memberikan pendidikan yang terbaik untuk anak, karena anak merupakan aset yang sangat berharga bagi orang tua 32 . Pemilihan lembaga pendidikan yang tepat menurut orang tua tentu akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak kelak. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan Taman Kanak-kanak untuk buah hati nya adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 50, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "1. Lokasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 245, "width": 317, "height": 124, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor lokasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan orang tua dalam memilih Taman Kanak-Kanak. Deasy Andriani menegaskan bahwa faktor lokasi perlu dipertimbangkan karena usia anak yang masih kecil 33 . Kondisi jarak ini berkaitan dengan waktu tempuh yang dibutuhkan anak saat berangkat ke sekolah. Sutomo menjelaskan bahwa waktu tempuh ideal anak dalam berkendara saat berangkat sekolah adalah ≥ 30 menit 34 . Dengan waktu tempuh yang relatif pendek, waktu anak tidak akan terbuang di perjalanan yang akan membuat anak kelelahan dan mengurangi semangat di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 369, "width": 317, "height": 122, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Terdapat dua kecenderungan orang tua dalam memilih sekolah berdasarkan lokasi, yaitu orang tua yang memilih sekolah yang jaraknya dekat dari rumah dan orang tua yang memilih sekolah yang jaraknya dekat dengan tempat kerja. Bagi orang tua yang memilih taman kanak-kanak yang dekat dengan tempat kerja, akan memudahkan dalam proses pemantauan anak. Anak dirasa lebih mudah dijangkau, kebutuhan anak yang bersifat mendadak dapat terpenuhi dengan cepat sehingga akan menghemat waktu 35 . Perasaan cemas dan was-was akan timbul pada orang tua bila lokasi sekolah anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 342, "height": 78, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "32 Agnes, dkk, Peranan Orang Tua dan Peraktisi dalam Membantu Tumbuh Kembang Anak Berbakat melalui Pemahaman Teori dan Tren Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Prenada, 2007), hlm 2 33 Deasy Andriani , Early Learning and Schooling, (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2008), hlm 56 34 Sutomo Ayoe, Sekolah Untuk Anakku,( Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo, 2018), hlm.96", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 342, "height": 33, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "35 Sakinah Puji Lestari, Heri Sunaryanto, Heni Nopianti, Keputusan dalam Memilih Taman Kanak-kanak Islam Terpadu dari Perspektif Orang Tua, (Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara, 2017), hlm 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 627, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "35 Ibid, hlm 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "67", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 71, "width": 316, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "tidak mudah dijangkau, karena orang tua akan khawatir terhadap aktivitas anak mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 99, "width": 338, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Sedangkan bagi orang tua yang memilih sekolah yang dekat dengan rumah, pertimbangan waktu tempuh yang pendek akan membuat anak lebih semangat ketika sampai di sekolah. Bila anak memerlukan sesuatu secara mendadak dan mendesak, orang tua dapat meminta bantuan tetangga dan orang terdekat yang tinggal di sekitar sekolah anak 36 . 2. Biaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 194, "width": 320, "height": 108, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Setiap sekolah memiliki penetapan biaya yang relatif berbeda. Fasilitas-fasilitas penunjang berkualitas yang dimiliki oleh sekolah biasanya juga mengikuti biaya yang perlu disiapkan orang tua agar anaknya dapat menempuh pendidikan di sekolah tersebut. Faktor biaya perlu disesuaikan oleh masing-masing orang tua, tergantung pada penghasilan yang diperoleh. Bagi orang tua yang bekerja, fasilitas full day school dinilai lebih menghemat biaya, karena orang tua tidak perlu membayar biaya pengasuh untuk anak selepas pulang sekolah 37 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 129, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "3. Porsi pendidikan agama", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 317, "width": 338, "height": 190, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Penanaman pendidikan agama bagi manusia sebaiknya diberikan sedini mungkin. Ini yang juga perlu menjadi pertimbangan orang tua dalam memilih taman kanak-kanak. Bila orang tua merasa pendidikan agama yang diberikan di rumah belum cukup, maka sekolah yang memiliki porsi pendidikan agama yang banyak akan menjadi tujuan mereka. Pemberian pendidikan agama di sekolah juga akan lebih menguntungkan dari segi biaya, karena orang tua tidak perlu membayar pengajar tambahan untuk memberikan pendidikan agama pada anak mereka. Aischa Revaldi mengatakan bahwa di dengan memberikan pendidikan agama yang cukup, diharapkan akan memunculkan kesadaran anak-anak dan pemahaman yang benar mengenai tugas, peran, dan tanggungjawabnya sebagai hamba Allah, anak, siswa, dan anggota masyarakat 38 . 4. Visi dan Misi Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 509, "width": 320, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Visi dan misi sekolah merupakan sesuatu yang dapat menggambarkan bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan di sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 342, "height": 33, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "36 Anisa Fitriana, Survei Tingkat Presentase Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Orang Tua Memilh Sekolah di Tk Gugus II Kecamatan Berbah, (Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Edisi 4 Tahun ke 5, 2016), hlm.21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "37 Nur Alaina A. Hamus, (Motivasi Orang Tua dalam Memilih Taman Kanak- Kanak Sebagai Wadah Sosialisasi, 2017), hlm 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "38 Aischa Revaldi, Memilih Sekolah Untuk Anak, Jakarta: Inti Medina, 2010), hlm.74", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 653, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Faktor Orang Tua", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 71, "width": 320, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "tersebut tanpa perlu melihat kurikulum sekolah secara keseluruhan. Dari visi dan misi sekolah, dapat terlihat tujuan pendidikan yang dilaksanakan pada lembaga tersebut. Dengan mengetahui visi dan misi sekolah, orang tua dapat menyesuaikannya dengan visi misi yang telah dimiliki. Kesesuaian visi misi orang tua dengan sekolah akan mengurangi perbedaan pendapat mengenai metode pembelajaran yang digunakan, sehingga membantu anak dalam tumbuh kembangnya 39 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 167, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "5. Sarana Fisik Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 181, "width": 321, "height": 121, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Selain nama sekolah, fisik dan sarana fisik sekolah penting untuk diamati oleh orang tua 40 . Sarana fisik yang dimiliki sekolah akan menunjang kenyamanan anak dalam belajar. Sarana berupa alat permainan edukatif, kelengkapan bahan pembelajaran, bangunan sekolah, sarana bermain, sarana olahraga, ruangan kelas dan sarana sanitasi merupakan sarana fisik yang perlu diamati oleh orang tua. Bukan hanya ketersediaan sarana fisik saja, namun kondisi sarana tersebut juga perlu dipertimbangkan. Kondisi sarana yang baik dan bersih tentu akan lebih meningkatkan kenyamanan anak dalam belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 341, "height": 121, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "6. Profil Pendidik Pendidik merupakan tonggak dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan di sekolah. Kualifikasi akademik bagi guru PAUD/RA/TK berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional nomor 16 tahun 2007 harus memiliki kualifikasi pendidikan akademik minimal Diploma Empat (D- IV) atau Strata Satu (S-1) dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) atau Psikologi dari program studi yang terakreditasi. Pendidik yang memiliki kualifikasi sesuai dengan peraturan tersebut diharapkan dapat lebih memahami cara mendidik anak sesuai dengan tahap perkembangannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 440, "width": 59, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 454, "width": 338, "height": 121, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Memilih taman kanak-kanak merupakan kewajiban yang tidak dapat dianggap remeh oleh sebagian orang tua. Lembaga pendidikan pertama bagi anak mereka haruslah sesuai dengan harapan dan kemampuan orang tua. Sekolah yang efektif bagi anak usia dini harus mampu untuk memfasilitasi aspek-aspek perkembangan anak tanpa memandang faktor-faktor yang melekat pada diri anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang perlu dicermati orang tua dalam memilih taman kanak- kanak adalah: 1) Lokasi, 2) Biaya, 3) Porsi pendidikan agama, 4) Visi dan misi sekolah, 5) Sarana fisik sekolah, dan 6) Profil Pendidik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 593, "width": 343, "height": 33, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "39 Nadia Novita Sari dan Nurhenti Dorlina Simatupang, Survei Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertimbangan Orang Tua dalam Pemilihan Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) di Kota Surabaya, (Jurnal PAUD Teratai, 2019), hlm 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 35, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Melia Dwi Widayanti", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 402, "top": 651, "width": 11, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "69", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 652, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "ŚALIĤA | Vol. 3 No. 2, Juli 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 71, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 343, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 481, "page_height": 708, "text": "Aan Komariah dan Cepi Triatna. 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[ { "left": 203, "top": 64, "width": 233, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 202, "top": 83, "width": 234, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3 – Nomor 1, September 2023 (39-50)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 102, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2807-436X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 121, "width": 322, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available online at: http://journal.unu-jogja.ac.id/fip/index.php/JONED", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 147, "width": 395, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koagulasi Nilai: Pemikiran Membangun Budaya Mutu Madrasah (Suatu Ikhtiar Epistemologis Memajukan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 191, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 204, "width": 353, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faculty of Education, STIT Ibnu Sina Malang. Jalan Raya Sukoraharjo No. 1, Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang, 65163, Indonesia Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 255, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received: 5 September 2023 Revised: 18 September 2023. Accepted: 19 September 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 295, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 456, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Madrasah sebagai salah satu representasi lembaga pendidikan Islam di Indonesia seringkali masih dipandang sebagai lembaga pendidikan kelas dua. Menyadari hal itu rupanya madrasah-madrasah pun berbenah dan telah menunjukkan hasilnya pada dasawarsa terakhir ini. Ada Madrasah Aliyah Insan Cendekia Serpong, MBI Amanatul Ummah Mojokerto, MAN 2 Malang, Lembaga Qoryah Toyyibah Salatiga, MIN 1 Malang, lembaga pendidikan Al-Azhar dan masih banyak lagi madrasah ibtidaiyah, tsanawiyah, maupun Aliyah yang mampu eksis hingga berprestasi mengungguli lembaga pendidikan kelas satu di berbagai even tingkat nasional bahkan internasional. Ini sungguh menggembirakan, kendati upaya memajukan lembaga masih terlihat parsial namun dari situ ada harapan besar bahwa di masa depan madrasah diyakini akan mampu sejajar bahkan menggeser posisinya menjadi lembaga pendidikan kelas satu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif bertujuan untuk menggali budaya mutu terbaik madrasah. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa bentuk aktifasi ruhani adalah kunci bagi terjadinya proses ‘Koagulasi Nilai’, dan inilah yang akan mampu menghantarkan terbangunnya budaya mutu paripurna madrasah sebagai induk yang akan melahirkan mutu paripurna madrasah di masa depan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 491, "width": 341, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Budaya mutu, ikhtiar epistemologis, koagulasi nilai, madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 519, "width": 385, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Coagulation of value: building Madrasah quality culture (An epistemological endeavor to improve Islamic education institutions)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 291, "top": 562, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 456, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As one of Islamic education institution representations, madrasah (Islamic school) is regarded a second-class education institution in Indonesia. Some madrasah had, then, been encouraged to improve and the results was apparent hitherto this decade. The examples included Madrasah Aliyah Insan Cendekia Serpong, MBI Amanatul Ummah Mojokerto, MAN 2 Malang, Lembaga Qoryah Toyyibah Salatiga, MIN 1 Malang, Al-Azhar education institution and many other madrasah from elementary to secondary levels which had achieved better that the first class education institutions at national and international levels. Even though the improvements so far seem to be partial, this positive improvement created a great expectation that in the future madrasah would be able to reach equal position or even become the first-class institution. This research employed descriptive qualitative approach to study the best quality culture in madrasah. This study found that spiritual activation was the key for ‘coagulation of value’ process. Thus, this process could lead to a perfect quality culture of madrasah as the basis for a perfect quality of madrasah in the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 732, "width": 385, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: coagulation of value, epistemological endeavor, quality culture, madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 748, "width": 437, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite: Majid, M.A. (2023). Koagulasi Nilai: Pemikiran Membangun Budaya Mutu Madrasah (Suatu Ikhtiar Epistemologis Memajukan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam). Journal of Nusantara Education, 3(1), 39-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 40 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 94, "width": 68, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 218, "height": 327, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada tren yang telah dan masih sesekali terjadi hingga saat ini di beberapa kabupaten/ kota bahwa ada sekian banyak sekolah dasar negeri (SDN) yang mendapatkan murid baru kurang dari kuota yang tersedia. Kondisi itu terulang beberapa tahun sehingga makin lama jumlah muridnya makin sedikit karena yang lulus lebih banyak daripada yang masuk. Tidak hanya sampai disitu, ternyata kondisi ini terjadi pula pada tingkat sekolah menengah pertama (SMPN), beberapa SMPN juga makin lama jumlah murid semakin sedikit. Menyikapi kondisi ini dinas Pendidikan setempat seperti tidak punya pilihan lain kecuali melakukan merger untuk menyelamatkan murid dan lembaga. Namun kondisi sebaliknya terjadi pada lembaga pendidikan Islam, banyak madrasah yang dibanjiri peminat, pendaftar calon siswa baru bisa dua sampai tiga kali lipat dari jumlah kuota yang tersedia. Dahulu madrasah kurang diminati hingga sering dikatakan orang sebagai ‘la yamutu fiha wa la yahya’, namun saat ini ada semacam kesadaran baru di tengah masyarakat bahwa membekali anak dengan pengetahuan umum sekaligus pengetahuan agama secara seimbang adalah suatu hal yang penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 221, "height": 251, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Madrasah yang awalnya dipandang sebelah mata rupanya telah bertransformasi menjadi lembaga favorit dan diimpikan oleh masyarakat, memang tidak semua madrasah mendadadak menjadi favorit, namun rasanya layak untuk menyebut inilah era kebangkitan madrasah. Penulis menangkap ada sesuatu yang besar pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah yang notabene jumlah pelajarannya lebih banyak daripada sekolah umum, belum lagi jika madrasah berstatus swasta, maka dari sisi biaya yang ditanggung walimurid tentunya akan lebih banyak/ mahal. Namun sejauh ini makin banyak saja madrasah- madrasah negeri maupun swasta yang dibanjiri peminat. Tiap kali masa pendaftaran siswa baru madrasah-madrasah favorit selalu menjadi incaran masyarakat calon pendaftar. Merespon hal itu akhirnya pihak madrasah harus menerapkan kriteria ketat dalam ujian seleksi penerimaan murid baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak jarang madrasah menetapkan standar (akademik) tinggi untuk menjaring calon murid yang membanjiri loket pendaftaran murid baru, semata-mata untuk menerapkan prinsip keadilan dan sportifitas. Dari proses ini sudah terlihat bahwa madrasah sangat diuntungkan karena makin dipercaya masyarakat dan menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 212, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tujuan utama untuk pendidikan anak. Madrasah beruntung mendapatkan input yang baik, karena yang akan lulus dari kriteria ketat dan standar akademik yang tinggi ini tentunya berkualifikasi baik. Sudah seharusnya madrasah mengelola seluruh potensi baik ini dengan segala proses yang baik pula. Proses inilah yang dalam artikel ini dilihat oleh penulis sebagai budaya mutu. Budaya mutu adalah jiwanya lembaga pendidikan Islam, jiwa yang berisi etos kerja lembaga. Jika seseorang perlu jiwa yang sehat dengan isi etos kerja yang baik sehingga bisa berprestasi dalam pekerjaan yang ditekuni, maka demikian halnya dengan lembaga pendidikan Islam, perlu budaya mutu yang baik sehingga mampu berprestasi. Bahkan jika perlu budaya mutu yang sangat baik bahkan istimewa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 303, "width": 224, "height": 288, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bisa dikatakan bahwa budaya mutu madrasah itulah sebenarnya yang berpengaruh besar pada maju-tidaknya madrasah. Warna suatu madrasah akan dibentuk oleh kekuatan budaya mutu yang dibentuk. Sesungguhnya Ini semua adalah tentang nilai Islami “seperti apa” yang ingin dihadirkan oleh madrasah. Lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah sudah semestinya bernafas dengan nafas Islam. Sebagai agama yang berisi seperangkat kebenaran dari Allah Ta’ala, Islam bersifat final. Maka tidak akan ada lagi kebenaran yang akan datang, apalagi yang lebih tinggi daripada kebenaran Islam. Nash Islam tentang pendidikan juga telah final, itu artinya derajat kebenaran tentang pendidikan dalam Islam sudah pada performa terbaiknya Maka Lembaga Pendidikan Islam yang berhasil menggali nilai-nilai Islam secara tepat kemudian dilembagakan sebagai budaya mutu maka lembaga pendidikan Islam tersebut diyakini akan mampu melahirkan berbagai prestasi bagi anak didiknya, bagi para guru, dan madrasah sebagai institusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 594, "width": 218, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budaya lembaga bisa dipandang sebagai seperangkat asumsi dasar, sistem nilai dan keyakinan yang dianut oleh anggota-anggota organisasi, kemudian dikembangkan dan diwariskan guna mengatasi masalah-masalah adaptasi eksternal dan masalah integrasi internal (Tika, 2010). Seperangkat asumsi dasar dan keyakinan yang dikembangkan akan mampu melahirkan sistem kepercayaan, sistem pengetahuan, maupun sistem lain dalam kehidupan. Berbagai kelompok masyarakat memungkinkan lahirnya berbagai budaya. Lembaga pendidikan sebagai suatu kelompok masyarakat yang mengkhususkan diri dalam suatu cita-cita pendidikan tentu mempunyai suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 41", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 264, "top": 55, "width": 98, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "budaya tersendiri. Budaya lembaga disini selanjutnya disebut sebagai budaya mutu lembaga, inilah yang selanjutnya berguna untuk menyelesaikan beragam masalah dan melahirkan berbagai kebaikan yang diinginkan. Sistem nilai lembaga pendidikan akan mampu menghasilkan sistem pendidikan tertentu. Sehingga wajar jika satu madrasah dengan sistem nilai tertentu mengembangkan suatu sistem pendidikan tententu dan menjadi berbeda dengan madrasah yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 218, "height": 250, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persoalan budaya mutu adalah hal yang urgen untuk di hadirkan dengan sepenuh kesadaran dan keberanian. Madrasah sebagai salah-satu representasi lembaga pendidikan Islam sudah sepatutnya memikirkan dengan seksama budaya mutu lembaga yang tepat dan proporsional. Karena budaya mutu inilah yang kelak akan melahirkan berbagai mutu yang diinginkan oleh madrasah. John West Burnham memaparkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi budaya mutu di madrasah meliputi: 1) nilai-nilai dan misi madrasah, 2) struktur organisasi, 3) komunikasi, 4) pengambilan keputusan, 5) lingkungan kerja, 6) rekrutmen dan seleksi, 7) perencanaan kurikulum, 8) manajemen sumber daya dan anggaran, 9) disiplin, 10) hubungan masyarakat. Disamping itu semua mutu sebuah sekolah juga dapat dilihat dari tertib administrasinya (West, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 480, "width": 218, "height": 263, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budaya mutu lembaga merupakan faktor penting dalam membentuk peserta didik menjadi manusia yang penuh optimis, berani tampil, berperilaku kooperatif, serta mempunyai kecakapan personal dan akademik. Suatu lembaga dapat dikatakan bermutu apabila mampu meraih prestasi khususnya prestasi peserta didik menunjukkan pencapaian yang tinggi dalam hal 1) prestasi akademik memenuhi standar yang ditentukan, 2) memiliki nilai-nilai kejujuran, ketaqwaan, kesopanan dan mamapu mengapresiasi budaya, 3) memiliki tanggung jawab yang tinggi dan kemampuan yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk ketrampilan sesuai dengan dasar ilmu yang diterima (Kemendiknas, 2009). Disamping itu pergeseran dari kurikulum 2006 ke kurikulum 2013 menuntut pengembangan budaya mutu mengacu pada ruang lingkup pengembangan kurikuum 2013. Peningkatan proses pelayanan yang lebih inovatif kepada siswa menjadi tuntutan utama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 106, "width": 218, "height": 339, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian terdiri atas informan, tempat dan peristiwa, serta dokumen. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi, dan mencocokkan pada teori serta sumber data penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penerapan konsep budaya mutu dalam rangka mencapai mutu prima madrasah. Selanjutnya penulis berharap akan disusul dengan adanya pengembangan 4D sebagaimana disarankan oleh ‘Thiagarajan dan Semmel and Semmel Model’ yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu define (pendefinisian), design(perancangan), develop (pengembangan), dan disseminate (penyebaran) (Trianto, 2010). Dalam artikel ini akan disajikan bangunan ide baru yang didasarkan pada penelitian yang basis datanya diperoleh dari observasi penulis, informasi dari para informan, dan dokumentasi. Bangunan ide baru tersebut penulis sebut dengan “ koagulasi nilai”. Penulis berharap alternatif ini benar-benar bisa bermanfaat dalam usaha memajukan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 467, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 485, "width": 218, "height": 251, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ontologi budaya mutu Ontologi adalah salah satu cabang filsafat yang berkonsentrasi menggali hakekat segala sesuatu. Budaya mutu dalam perspektif ontologis berarti berusaha melihat dan memaparkan bagaimana sebenarnya hakekat budaya mutu. Menuju hakekat ada baiknya dirunut melalui makna bahasa terlebih dahulu, hal itu biasanya akan terasa lebih terukur. ‘Budaya mutu’ terdiri dari dua suku kata, budaya adalah pikiran, akal budi, adat istiadat atau sesuatu yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan yang sukar diubah. Pikiran yang menjadi cara hidup yang berkembang dan dimiliki oleh seseorang atau sekelompok orang dan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi namun tidak turun temurun. Jika maknanya boleh diperas maka budaya sesungguhnya bersubstansi pada pikiran yang ingin dibiasakan. Jadi gagasan yang ingin diwujudkan dalam kebiasaan dan menjadi kebiasaan itulah budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 738, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sementara mutu/quality (Inggris) berarti kualitas, beberapa ahli berbeda pandangan dalam hal ini, Crosby berpendapat mutu adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 42 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 237, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kesesuaian dengan persyaratan, sementara Juran berpendapat mutu adalah kecocokan penggunaan produk ( fitness for use ) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepuasan pelanggan, lain lagi menurut Deming mutu adalah pengembangan yang terus menerus dari suatu sistem yang stabil (dalam administrasi, desain, produksi, dan penjualan. Meskipun ketiga pengertian tersebut bagus secara terminologis namun tiga tokoh mutu diatas belum memberi pengertian etimologisnya. Disini penulis menawarkan pandangan etimologis bahwa mutu adalah sesuatu yang sangat dekat bahkan melekat pada produk. Sesuatu yang melekat itu terlihat berkait erat dengan kebaikan, kegunaan, dan ketepatan produk tersebut. Kebaikan berhubungan dengan kondisi fisik, kegunaan berhubungan dengan kemanfaatan, dan ketepatan berhubungan dengan kepentingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 218, "height": 288, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari uraian di atas bisa ditarik benang merah bahwa mutu sebenarnya adalah kelayakan dan ketepatan. Ke-layak-an disini diartikan sebagai kondisi prima, normal, berfungsi/ tidak kadaluarsa dan semacamnya. Sementara ketepatan dimaksudkan sebagai tepat guna, tepat waktu, dan tepat manfaat yang mungkin bisa dihasilkan oleh suatu produk. Jadi mutu sejatinya adalah suatu kelayakan yang paling dibutuhkan pada suatu zaman, itulah mutu. Selanjutnya jika digabung, budaya mutu adalah gagasan yang ingin diwujudkan dalam kebiasaan untuk menghadirkan kelayakan yang paling dibutuhkan pada setiap zaman. Itulah hakekat budaya mutu. Gagasan tentang sistem nilai yang mampu menciptakan lingkungan kondusif untuk keberlangsungan perbaikan mutu harus terus di ikhtiarkan secara terus menerus karena itu bagian mendasar dari karakter budaya mutu. Islam sebagai agama penyempurna telah memberi tuntunan pada setiap sendi-sendi hidup. Disini ada keyakinan penulis bahwa tuntunan Islam tentang budaya mutu juga telah sempurna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 619, "width": 218, "height": 162, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manusia sebagai ciptaan Allah dengan kesempurnaan akal pikirannya, dianjurkan untuk membaca ayat-ayat yang tersirat lewat berbagai fenomena dan keteraturan alam. Ketika kajian tersebut fokus pada Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam selanjutnya terderivasi dalam wujud teknologi, sehingga kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih mudah dan sejahtera. Begitu juga saat fokus kajian tersebut pada ilmu-ilmu sosial kemasyarakatan, maka derivasinya bisa berbentuk norma, seni, dan tradisi sampai terbentuknya adat-istiadat yang diharapkan juga akan membawa kedamaian dan kesejahteraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi rupanya dengan mengetahui dan merenungi berbagai keteraturan dan fenomena alam yang ada akan bisa menguatkan keimanan, ketakwaan, dan kesadaran rohaniyah dalam diri manusia bahwa betapa kecilnya manusia dan betapa Maha Besarnya Tuhan sebagai Pencipta alam semesta serta segala isinya. Inilah jalan ilmu yang bisa ditempuh manusia menuju kesejahteraannya yang tuntutannya terus meningkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 202, "width": 219, "height": 300, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara naluriah ilmu pengetahuan alam dan ilmu pengetahuan sosial berikut turunannya sudah semestinya berada pada posisi saling membantu dan melengkapi, tidak boleh saling meninggalkan apalagi saling bermusuhan. Dengan begitu istilah dalam pengetahuan alam terkadang berguna untuk membantu menjelaskan fenomena sosial, begitu juga sebaliknya terminologi sosial terkadang bisa juga difungsikan untuk menjelaskan fenomena alam. Dalam hal ini setelah didekati dengan pencermatan dan pengamatan lebih mendalam ternyata Ilmu kimia sebagai salahsatu cabang ilmu pengetahuan alam sering dikatakan sebagai “central of science” karena ilmu apapun seringkali berkaitan dengan ilmu kimia, demikian pula berbagai kejadian alam banyak berhubungan dengan ilmu kimia (Nahadi, Sarimaya, & Rosdiyanti, 2011). Karenanya pemikiran pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan sosial yang dikaitkan dengan ilmu pengetahuan alam dalam konteks ke-Islam-an merupakan suatu keharusan bagi kelanjutan peradaban umat manusia yang harmonis di masa depan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 518, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Epistemologi budaya mutu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 543, "width": 218, "height": 238, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Epistemologi adalah cabang filsafat yang berkonsentrasi pada proses terjadinya segala yang ada dan yang mungkin ada. Bisa pula disebut sebagai jalur penelusuran yang akan menunjukkan ‘proses menjadi’nya segala sesuatu. Memahami dan mengambil pelajaran dari Proses menjadi ini diharapkan mampu memperkaya hazanah pengetahuan dan pemikiran. Proses menjadi-nya budaya mutu suatu lembaga pendidikan dengan berbagai liku- likunya adalah kekayaan sejarah lembaga tersebut yang seyogyanya dijaga, disyukuri, dan dibanggakan, tidak dibiarkan begitu saja, diabaikan, dan seakan tidak layak untuk dibanggakan. Sebagai keseluruhan tradisi, norma, dan cara berpikir tentang mutu dalam segala aktifitas yang dilakukan oleh lembaga pendidikan, layak untuk diyakini ada momentum-momentum besar yang dialami oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 43 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "para pendiri lembaga dan sebenarnya itulah pondasi dari bangunan yang bernama lembaga pendidikan. Seberapa dalam dan kokoh pondasi budaya mutu inilah yang sebenarnya akan melahirkan seberapa kokoh mutu-mutu lembaga akan dilahirkan. Sampai disini tidak berlebihan jika dikatakan sesungguhnya budaya mutu adalah kunci pokok dari potret mutu suatu lembaga pendidkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 202, "width": 219, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai-nilai luhur tersebut bisa berupa hasil riyadlah, tekad-sumpah, wasiat, hasil tirakat atau cita-cita besar yang seringkali di resolusikan dalam sebuah dokumen, prasasti, atau bahkan hanya semacam pesan turun temurun yang terjaga rapi secara bersanad. Nilai-nilai tersebut akan terus hidup dan seiring waktu kedalamannya akan terus mengakar dan akhirnya menumbuhkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 218, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "batang-tubuh lembaga pendidikan Islam yang kokoh akhirnya membuahkan mutu luhur yang diharapkan. Nilai- nilai luhur itulah yang menjiwai implementasi program-program dalam setiap tahapan oleh setiap stake holder internal. Aktifitas yang mengacu pada mutu dalam layanan pembelajaran dan segala hal yang mendukung pembelajaran yang berlangsung terus menerus secara konsisten itulah yang akan menjadi kebiasaan dan membentuk pola mutu yang stabil. Stabilitas dalam mutu inilah yang dimaksud budaya mutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 219, "height": 250, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mewujudkan budaya mutu dalam satu madrasah memang bukan perkara sederhana, mutlak diperlukan tekad yang besar dari manajemen puncak, dan kemampuan membangun komitmen bawahan, dan daya tahan prima untuk menghadapi berbagai problematika pendidikan yang bertubi-tubi. Ajaran Islam mempunyai tuntunan terbaik dalam membangun budaya mutu madrasah yang benar dan unggul. Gagasan inilah yang akan diulas panjang lebar dibagian akhir tulisan ini, karena sejatinya tulisan ini berkonsentrasi pada kajian epistemologis. Mekanisme budaya mutu, mulai tahap mendasari, merumuskan, dan menerapkan semuanya akan diurai dengan seksama sehingga ilustrasi budaya mutu madrasah sebagai pelahir mutu unggul madrasah akan lebih mudah dipahami. Itulah koagulasi nilai, suatu konsep yang ditawarkan penulis untuk dicermati bersama-sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 720, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aksiologi budaya mutu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 745, "width": 218, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aksiologi adalah salah satu jalur besar filsafat yang berkonsentrasi menggali makna/ nilai, peran, manfaat dan tujuan dari setiap yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 275, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ada dan yang mungkin ada. Jika dihubungkan dengan tinjauan ontologis dan epistemologis maka secara ontologis budaya mutu bisa diidentifikasi sebagai cara membentuk suatu lingkungan organisasi yang memiliki sistem nilai, tradisi, dan aturan-aturan yang mendukung untuk mencapai perbaikan mutu secara terus menerus. Apakah proses identifikasi cukup berhenti disitu, ternyata bisa jadi tidak. Masih ada kemungkinan pandangan lain yang akan ditawarkan apalagi jika di linierisasi dengan ajaran Islam. Islam adalah agama penyempurna sekian banyak ajaran dan keyakinan yang mempengaruhi dan membentuk peradaban dunia. Manusia yang tinggal di seantero bumi ini diyakini pernah mempercayai suatu kepercayaan meski sebagian lalu meninggalkannya menuju keyakinan lain atau meninggalkannya untuk kemudian menjadi tidak berkeyakinan. Dari situ terlihat bahwa yang tidak berkeyakinan pun sesungguhnya itu adalah bentuk keyakinan baru bahwa berkeyakinan itu tidak penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 366, "width": 219, "height": 288, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seseorang meyakini/ mempercayai sesuatu itu sebenarnya perihal yang naluriah dan alamiah saja karena manusia adalah mahluk jasmani dan ruhani, maka secara ruhani ada yang memilih bertuhan dan tidak bertuhan itu wajar. Namun sekali lagi bagi yang memilih untuk tidak bertuhan sebenarnya itulah bentuk kebertuhanan- nya karena menemukan tuhan yang baru. Tuhan yang baru itu bisa jadi ketakjuban pada kecerdasan akalnya, ketakjuban pada semesta, atau ketakjuban pada kekosongan ataupun ketakjuban pada hal yang lain. Itu artinya tema tentang tuhan sebenarnya tidak pernah sepi dari kehidupan seorang penolak tuhan. Semua urusan kebertuhan-an inilah salah satu cabang aksiologi yang bernama etika. Karena setelah itu ada cabang aksiologi yang bernama estetika, inilah filsafat yang berhubungan dengan sifat keindahan dan rasa/ seni. Etika akan menguji nilai-nilai subjektif dan sensori-emosional, atau kadang-kadang disebut penilaian sentimen dan rasa, inilah yang pada saat terekspose menjadi estetika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 657, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara gamblang aksiologi budaya mutu bisa digabung artinya sebagai nilai etika dan estetika suatu gagasan yang ingin diwujudkan dalam kebiasaan untuk menghadirkan kelayakan yang paling dibutuhkan pada setiap zaman. Disini peran Islam semakin terlihat kuat, karena secara etika Al-Quran adalah wahyu sebagai sumber kebenaran yang otoritas kebenarannya bersifat mutlak. Inilah yang disebut meta-etika (diatas etika) yang selanjutnya akan memandu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 44 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "jalannya etika normatif (cara menentukan tindakan moral) dan etika terapan ( tentang apa yang wajib dilakukan dalam situasi tertentu). Al- Quran sebagai sumber kebenaran adalah suatu meta etika yang dipegang teguh hanya oleh yang memilih untuk bertuhan ( tiada Tuhan selain Allah). Budaya mutu dalam hal ini secara etik menekankan bahwa haluan madrasah dalam proses pendidikan diarahkan pada kesadaran menuju Ridla Allah. Ini adalah posisi tertinggi dalam ajaran Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 218, "height": 263, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Posisi tertinggi dalam pembentukan kesadaran inilah yang akan mampu membawa serta mutu madrasah secara keseluruhan. Ilahi Anta maqsudi wa ridlaka matlubi (Tuhanku, Engkau lah maksudku dan ridla-Mu yang aku tuju), menerima Allah SWT sebagai pusat kesadaran kosmis, dari-Nya semua berawal dan kepada-Nya semua akan berakhir, Dia Pencipta awal dan akhir, Penyebab semua yang terjadi, dan Penguasa segala hal. Jika kesadaran akan hal tersebut terbentuk dengan baik pada seluruh stake hoder madrasah, itu yang akan berdampak besar pada mutu madrasah. Secara aksiologis, kesadaran tersebut adalah akar etik budaya mutu madrasah yang kelak pada saatnya akan membuahkan mutu paripurna madrasah. Tentu saja itu bukan satu-satunya, tapi itulah yang pertama, sekaligus penegasannya sangat diperlukan sebagai distingsi madrasah dan peneguhan ciri khas madrasah di tengah persaingan global.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 505, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam dan ilmu pengetahuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 218, "height": 251, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa Islam adalah agama yang tepat menjadi sumber inspirasi dan motivasi dalam segala hal, khusus dalam hal pengkajian berbagai pengetahuan alam maupun sosial, banyak ilmuwan muslim yang telah mengukirkan namanya dalam sejarah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, itu merupakan bukti bahwa Islam adalah agama universal yang sangat konsen dengan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dari zaman ke zaman. Setidaknya kontribusi pada ilmu pengetahuan oleh para ilmuwan muslim itu telah ditunjukkan oleh Jabir Ibnu Hayyan atau Geber sebagai bapak kimia modern, Al-Kindi sang pendamai agama dan filsafat dan penemu minyak wangi yang diolah secara kimiawi, Al- Biruni ahli fisika-matematika pertama dan penemu kartografi (ilmu tentang proyeksi peta/ globe), Muhammad ibnu Zakariya Al-Razi penemu vaksin cacar, Al Battani sang bapak trigonometri penyusun tabel cotangen, Ibnu-Al", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haitsam sang bapak optic, dan Ibnu Sina yang dijuluki barat sebagai bapak kedokteran dunia (Sriyanto, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 126, "width": 218, "height": 263, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masih banyak tokoh muslim yang kontribusinya pada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan sudah diakui dunia. Telah dibuktikan bahwa Islam memberi pilihan dan panduan kepada manusia tentang jalan hidup yang seharusnya dilalui. Dengan ilmu pengetahuan, manusia akan lebih bijaksana untuk menentukan pilihan-pilihan hidup. Kini ada kecenderungan, dan telah diantisipasi oleh banyak ahli dan futurolog, bahwa ilmu pengetahuan alam dan teknologi serta agama Islam telah, sedang, dan akan kian memegang peran besar di masa depan (Ibrahim, 1995). Ahli kimia Muslim menyadari bahwa alkimia yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang Yunani dan Mesir pada zaman purba itu bersifat spekulatif bercampur mistik. Oleh karena itu para ahli kimia Muslim menentangnya dan mereka melakukan eksperimen yang kemudian menghasilkan zat-zat kimia baru yang dikenal antara lain sebagai asam, basa, alkohol,dan garam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 391, "width": 219, "height": 276, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Istilah alkali untuk basa berasal dari kata Arab “al-kali” yang berarti abu tumbuhan, dan natrium hidroksida adalah basa penting yang telah dibuat oleh ilmuwan Muslim. Eksperimen yang mereka lakukan meliputi antara lain destilasi, sublimasi, kristalisasi, oksidasi, dan presipitasi. Mereka juga telah membuat beberapa senyawa dalam jumlah besar, baik untuk keperluan ilmiah maupun pengobatan. Senyawa mineral yang telah di sintesakan antara lain besi sulfat, merkuri sulfida, merkuri oksida, tembaga sulfat, tembaga sulfida, natrium bikarbonat, dan kalium sulfide (Soemodimedjo & Poedjiadi, 2000). Ini sungguh menguatkan bahwa ilmuwan muslim adalah peletak dasar/ pelopor pengembangan sebagian besar ilmu pengetahuan dunia. Peran sebagai pelopor dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan inilah yang seyogyanya dilanjutkan oleh generasi muslim penerus perjuangan agar marwah ilmuwan ini bisa diwarisi. Generasi muslim adalah pewaris sah dari penemuan-penemuan brilian diatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 670, "width": 218, "height": 111, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampai disini penulis ingin mengajak pembaca mengenal dan mempelajari suatu istilah dalam ilmu kimia yaitu ‘koagulasi ’. Koagulasi adalah proses destabilisasi partikel koloid dengan cara penambahan senyawa kimia yang disebut koagulan. Koloid mempunyai ukuran tertentu sehingga gaya tarik menarik antara partikel lebih kecil daripada gaya tolak menolak akibat muatan listrik. Pada kondisi stabil ini, penggumpalan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 45 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 199, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "partikel tidak terjadi. Melalui proses koagulasi terjadi destabilisasi sehingga partikel-partikel koloid tersebut bersatu dan menjadi besar. Tujuan utama proses koagulasi adalah untuk mendestabilisasi partikel sehingga dapat bergabung dengan partikel lain untuk membentuk agregat yang lebih besar yang akan lebih mudah mengendap dan lebih mudah disisihkan lewat proses filtrasi. Secara umum proses koagulasi adalah pembubuhan bahan kimia ke dalam air limbah yang akan diolah dengan maksud agar partikel-partikel yang susah mengendap dalam air mengalami destabilisasi dan saling berikatan membentuk flok yang lebih besar dan berat, sehingga mudah mengendap di bak sedimentasi atau bak filtrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 175, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Korelasi Koagulasi dalam Pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 221, "height": 301, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses koagulasi merupakan proses pengumpulan partikel-partikel penyusun kekeruhan yang tidak dapat diendapkan secara gravitasi menjadi partikel yang lebih besar sehingga dapat diendapkan dengan cara pemberian bahan kimia koagulan. Kesulitan utama dalam proses koagulasi ini adalah menentukan dosis optimum koagulan, dalam hal ini aluminium sulfat atau tawas seringkali dipilih sebagai koagulan (Permatasari & Apriliani, 2013). Jadi sederhananya koagulasi adalah suatu proses penjernihan air keruh dengan cara memasukkan koagulan kedalamnya. Koagulan adalah suatu zat yang mampu menarik partikel-partikel penyebab keruhnya air hingga melekat pada zat tersebut sehingga air menjadi bersih. Salah satu proses yang dilakukan untuk pengolahan air baku menjadi air bersih dalam metode pengolahan secara kimiawi adalah proses koagulasi. Selanjutnya istilah koagulasi inilah yang akan dipakai penulis untuk memaparkan berbagai fenomena di dunia pendidikan Islam dalam hal ini madrasah lebih spesifik untuk dihubungkan dengan budaya mutu madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mekanisme koagulasi dalam ilmu kimia inilah yang menginspirasi penulis untuk menjelaskan suatu realitas yang terjadi pada suatu lembaga pendidikan Islam/ madrasah. Setelah mencermati dengan teliti, menganalisa- menangkap maknanya dengan detil, dan mencari- menemukan korelasinya dengan berbagai prestasi lembaga, prestasi siswa/santri, ketersediaaan fasilitas sarasa-prasarana, dan berbagai hal lain terkait layanan sampai pada tingkat kepuasan pengguna pendidikan maka penulis berkesimpulan bahwa ini adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 85, "width": 219, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "‘sesuatu’yang berkait erat dengan budaya mutu yang dibangun dalam lembaga pendidikan. Berdasarkan identifikasi seksama penulis mencetuskan bahwa ‘sesuatu’ tersebut adalah koagulasi nilai. Selanjutnya disini akan dipaparkan prinsip-prinsip koagulasi nilai yang bisa digali dari semua prosesnya agar menjadi jelas karakteristik dari masing-masing prinsip tersebut, sehingga teori koagulasi nilai ini bisa diterima dan patut untuk dipertimbangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 214, "width": 219, "height": 263, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budaya mutu sebagaimana uraian diatas adalah sesuatu yang tidak ada dengan sendirinya namun dibangun dengan sepenuh kesadaran. Budaya mutu diartikan sebagai keseluruhan tradisi, norma, dan cara berpikir tentang mutu dalam segala aktifitas yang dilakukan dalam suatu lembaga/ madrasah. Itulah yang selanjutnya akan memberi warna pada seluruh perjalanan lembaga/ madrasah. Pertanyaannya, oleh siapa budaya mutu itu dilakukan, maka jawabnya tentu sesosok individu. Sosok inilah yang selanjutnya diharapkan mampu berperan sebagai koagulan, sosok itulah yang mempunyai kemampuan membersihkan partikel-partikel yang berpotensi menyebabkan kekeruhan suatu lembaga pendidikan. Maka setidaknya ada dua hal yang secara mendasar akan dijabarkan yaitu tentang koagulasi dan koagulan. Agar menjadi jelas bahwa koagulan adalah ‘Penjernih’ nya sementara koagulasi adalah proses ‘ Penjernihan’ nya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 480, "width": 219, "height": 301, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budaya mutu diyakini merupakan sistem nilai yang dimiliki suatu organisasi sehingga menghasilkan lingkungan yang bersifat kondusif untuk keberlangsungan dan keberlanjutan perbaikan mutu (Mulyadi, 2010), ini menunjukkan bahwa sesungguhnya sistem nilai adalah hal mendasar bagi suatu Lembaga Pendidikan. Kebutuhan untuk dipercaya masyarakat, mendapat murid banyak, memperoleh input yang baik, mampu berkontribusi positif bagi kebermanfaatan madrasah hingga mendapat apresiasi rasa memiliki dari masyarakat adalah sesuatu yang dicita-citakan setiap lembaga pendidikan khususnya madrasah dalam hal ini. Namun itu semua sebenarnya hanya efek atau bisa juga disebut reaksi/ respon publik, sementara madrasah yang harus melakukan aksi. Aksi yang penulis maksud disini tentu adalah suatu kemampuan madrasah merepresentasikan nilai- nilai unggul Islam sehingga layak disebut sebagai madrasah bermutu. Pelahir mutu terbaik adalah budaya mutu, sebagai kesadaran baru yang menunjuk pada norma, tradisi, dan cara berpikir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 46 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tentang mutu madrasah, budaya mutu adalah terminologi yang masih bersifat umum, karenanya penulis melihat suatu urgensi menuju pada konkritisasi budaya mutu tersebut, dan itulah koagulasi nilai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 151, "width": 218, "height": 301, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagaimana uraian diatas bahwa koagulasi dalam ilmu kimia berperan sebagai upaya pembersihan air-keruh dengan memasukkan suatu koagulan dengan takaran tertentu sehingga air menjadi bersih kembali, maka koagulasi nilai adalah suatu proses pembersihan berbagai motif, sifat, kebiasaan dan perilaku negatif yang berpotensi akan dan telah menimbulkan dampak kekeruhan pada suatu lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah. Proses tersebut bisa terjadi karena hadirnya ‘seorang- koagulan’, yaitu pihak yang berperan sebagai energi utama dalam penentuan acuan nilai, standar moral, maupun kompetensi teknis berbagai hal/ nilai yang ingin dicapai. Karenanya peran sentral dan dominan ini hanya mungkin diambil oleh top leader, mungkin saja kepala sekolah, ketua Yayasan, ‘Ulama, ataupun pihak yang ditokohkan dan mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam lembaga pendidikan. Kuatnya kharisma/ pengaruh yang dimiliki seorang koagulan itulah yang mampu mempengaruhi, membentuk, dan merumuskan nilai-nilai yang selanjutnya meng- inspirasi rumusan visi dan misi lembaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 218, "height": 275, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumusan visi-misi lembaga yang lahir dipengaruhi oleh hadirnya kekuatan seorang koagulan maka akan memberikan kekuatan pengaruh visi-misi tersebut terhadap perjalanan lembaga. Semakin kuat pengaruh koagulan pada terbentuknya visi-misi maka akan semakin kuat pengaruh visi-misi tersebut pada dinamika lembaga pendidikan. Sampai disini telah ditunjukkan bahwa peran koagulan sungguh- sungguh menduduki posisi sentral dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan sebagai rujukan utama, tauladan unggul, bahkan sebagai sumber moral suatu lembaga pendidikan. Maka mafhum mukholafahnya adalah jika rumusan visi-misi suatu lembaga pendidikan tidak mampu memberi inspirasi dan menyuntikkan semangat pada dinamika akademik lembaga tersebut maka diyakini visi-misi tersebut tidak dihasilkan dari proses koagulasi nilai. Tidak setiap lembaga pendidikan mengalami proses koagulasi nilai, begitu juga koagulasi nilai tidak bisa selalu dipaksakan pada setiap lembaga pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Visi-misi lembaga pendidikan yang lahir dari proses koagulasi nilai dalam implementasinya akan memberi energi, semangat dan inspirasi bagi dinamika lembaga pendidikan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 250, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "itu bagian pertamanya. Selanjutnya pada bagian kedua, kekuatan nilai-nilai yang telah terumus tersebut akan mampu melakukan berbagai perbaikan dan perombakan positif semisal manajemen personalia, sarana-prasarana, lingkungan Pendidikan, kurikulum pendidikan maupun pendisiplinan warga sekolah dan yang lain. Itu semua akan terjadi karena kekuatan dorongan koagulasi nilai yang telah terselenggara. Pada bagian ketiga, kekuatan nilai- nilai budaya-mutu dengan koagulasi nilai ini akan berperan sebagai filter-qualifikasi calon output-outcome madrasah yang akan melanjutkan perjuangannya sebagai pejuang nilai pada jenjang selanjutnya. Jadi koagulasi nilai akan memberi warna diawal, tengah, dan akhir proses pendidikan. Pada saat koagulasi nilai sudah menjadi sistem yang turun temurun, maka stabilitas mutu madrasah akan terjaga dengan sendirinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 353, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hakekat dan Prasyarat Koagulasi Nilai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 366, "width": 218, "height": 288, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koagulasi sebagaimana sudah dibahas diatas adalah suatu kondisi yang didalamnya terjadi proses penjernihan. Sebagaimana dicontohkan, kegiatan yang sering dilakukan dalam upaya membersihkan air yang keruh adalah dengan memasukkan koagulan, sehingga partikel-partikel pembentuk kekeruhan air bisa terikat-melekat bersama koagulan dan larut dalam air sehingga air pun menjadi bersih-jernih kembali. Sementara koagulasi nilai adalah suatu kondisi yang didalamnya terjadi proses penjernihan nilai-nilai keruh dalam diri. Partikel pembentuk nilai-nilai kekeruhan diri disini bisa berasal dari kebiasaan, sifat, karakter, bahkan dogma yang terbentuk dalam diri. Anak didik dengan beragam latar belakang sangat mungkin terbentuk sebagai pribadi yang dalam dirinya terdapat sifat kurang/ tidak baik seperti pemalas, tiada/ salah motifasi, suka mencuri, suka berkata kotor, berperilaku kasar, berani melawan dan lain-lain. Sifat-sifat negatif seperti ini yang disebut partikel-partikel pembangun kekeruhan diri anak didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 657, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Madrasah sebagai sarana menuntut ilmu dan pengalaman adalah pusaran air diibaratkan bahwa ilmu itu layaknya sungai dan hikmah laksana samudra. Madrasah sebagai bejana sangat besar yang didalamnya diharapkan terjadi proses koagulasi nilai sehingga partikel-partikel pembentuk kekeruhan diri anak bisa terikat- merekat bersama koagulan dan larut dalam air madrasah pada masa yang telah ditentukan.lalu siapa dan apa yang berperan sebagai koagulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 47 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 199, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "disini sebenarnya, tentu saja ini pertanyaan yang sangat relevan karena tanpa ada koagulan maka tidak akan terjadi koagulasi. Siapapun yang mempunyai kekuatan merekatkan nilai dia layak disebut sebagai koagulan, sehingga yang kekuatan rekat-nya paling kuat itulah sumber kekuatan yang sesungguhnya paling layak disebut sebagai koagulan sejati. Basis sumber kekuatan yang merepresentasikan keluasan ilmu disini bisa jadi muncul dari pengakuan publik atas kemuliaan kepribadian, kedalaman spiritual- moral, dan kemantapan profesionalitas seseorang (lembaga). Pengakuan publik atas eksistensi seorang tokoh/ lembaga bisa jadi berada di awal, tengah, maupun akhir dari proses panjang suatu Lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 218, "height": 327, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemuliaan kepribadian, kedalaman moral- spiritual, dan kemantapan profesionalitas ini bisa disebut kondisi ideal seseorang tokoh dan dari sini akan muncul pemikiran/ gagasan yang pada tahap selanjutnya akan menjadi embrio budaya mutu. Cetusan pemikiran tokoh mempunyai kekuatan tersendiri dalam membangun budaya mutu lembaga. Namun dalam konteks madrasah perlu diketahui bahwa kekuatan tersebut meski membawa pengaruh tertentu belum tentu mampu melahirkan proses koagulasi nilai. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan kepada beberapa Lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah negeri maupun swasta favorit, penulis menemukan berbagai macam kelebihan dan keunggulan namun ada satu hal kemiripan. Disini terlihat ketinggian Islam sebagai agama penyempurna semua ajaran sekaligus pada semua bidang kehidupan termasuk bidang pendidikan. Islam benar-benar diposisikan sebagai inspirasi utama dalam membangun budaya mutu madrasah. Dengan itulah rupanya koagulasi nilai bisa terjadi. Ada lima prasyarat bagi terjadinya koagulasi nilai, yaitu memiliki basic absoluteness, padat nilai, powerfull, konsistensi, dan kompetitif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 657, "width": 190, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kemutlakan landasan/ dasar ( basic absoluteness )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam berpendapat bahwa Tuhan adalah pusat (Kuntowijoyo, 2018), Absoluteness/ kemutlakan disini disadari sebagai hal esoteris mendasar yang sangat dibutuhkan, karena dari yang mutlak lahirlah yang relatif, dan mustahil yang relatif mampu melahirkan yang mutlak. Jika di kemenag ada lima nilai budaya kerja kemenag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 389, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berupa Integritas, Profesionalitas, Inovasi, Tanggung Jawab, dan Keteladanan maka kunci keberhasilanya ada pada niat dan spiritualitas. Sedangkan niat itu sendiri ada di dalam hati, dan selanjutnya disebut dengan istilah Human REALsource (HRs). Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, peningkatan kapasitas SDM perlu dilakukan dengan pendekatan agama melalui “objektivikasi ruhani” (Arfiansyah, 2020). Bisa jadi objektifikasi ruhani menghasilkan kepribadian mulia, moral-spiritual itas mendalam, dan kemantapan profesionalitas, itu semua adalah kondisi ideal seseorang tokoh, kendati demikian tetap saja itu semua adalah hal yang relatif. Inilah bentuk objektifikasi ruhani dan ini disadari betul oleh seorang tokoh ideal, bagi seorang yang berkedalaman moral-spiritual tidak sulit mengakui kemutlakan Allah dan kebenaran Al-quran dan Al-hadits. Keluasan ilmu dan kedalaman pemahamannya akan segera mampu mengambil hikmah dari Ayat-ayat Al- Quran maupun Al Hadits sebagai pelandas tidak saja tentang kepentingannya yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan bahkan tentang segala hal. Khusus terkait dengan pendidikan, saat terinspirasi oleh ayat-ayat Al-Quran ataupun Al Hadits tertentu segera itu diambil sebagai inspirasi utama dalam membangun budaya mutu madrasah. Ayat Al quran-Al hadits menjadi yang pertama sebagai landasan vertikal telah terpasang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 480, "width": 218, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedua, aspek esoterik berupa inspirasi nash-Hadits yang telah terpasang selanjutnya akan memberi aliran energi pada lahirnya aspek eksoterik berupa slogan, visi-misi, maupun motto Lembaga yang kelak akan mampu memberi arah dengan kekuatannya pada Lembaga. Ini adalah tentang proses fundamental bagi suatu bangunan budaya mutu madrasah kedepan, Al- Quran dalam hal ini telah sempurna mengatur berbagai sendi kehidupan termasuk tentang Pendidikan. Maka jangan pernah ragu bahwa yang datang dari Allah SWT derajat kebenarannya absolut. Dari sini akan terbuktikan bahwa semua Lembaga Pendidikan Islam atau umum sekalipun yang visi-misinya terinspirasi dari nash/ hadits maka akan mengalami koagulasi nilai sesuai skalanya masing-masing. Sebaliknya jika slogan, motto, visi-misi lembaga dibuat dengan sekedarnya misalnya sebatas memenuhi tuntutan akreditasi maka wajar saja jika terasa tidak berenergi memberi dorongan untuk maju secara progresif, karena dari sumber kemutlakan itulah energi dialirkan dan akan melahirkan berbagai kekuatan yang ada pada prasyarat kedua sebagai powerfull.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 48 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 100, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Powerfull", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 221, "height": 313, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuat disini sebenarnya merujuk pada kekuatan dorongan untuk membaik yang dialirkan oleh slogan, motto, atau visi-misi Lembaga kepada seluruh stake holder Lembaga/ madrasah. Dorongan/ pengaruh yang kuat dari dalam diri sering diistilahkan dengan wibawa atau kharisma yang menempel pada diri tokoh ideal yang berkedalaman moral-spiritual, berkemantapan profesionalitas, dan berkepribadian mulia. Tokoh ideal ini adalah koagulan sejati karena keluasan pengetahuan yang diperolehnya mungkin lewat riyadlah- tirakat yang lama, atau perjuangannya yang luar biasa sehingga menghantarkanya pada puncak kesadaran bahwa yang mutlak adalah tuntunan dan manusia sebagai yang relatif hanya pantas mengikuti tuntunan tidak menciptakan tuntunan. Pancaran pribadi tawadlu’ yang seperti ini melahirkan wibawa/ kharisma yang kuat, ada kekuatan ‘uswatun hasanah’yang muncul kemudian inilah yang menjadikannya semakin ditaati, tiap ucapannya diikuti, sehingga mampu membawa pengaruh positif pada karakter murid/ santri. Orang jawa sering mengistilahkannya dengan ‘idu geni’ (tiap kata bisa menjadi nyata).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 218, "height": 326, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak hanya itu, dengan berlandaskan pada inspirasi nash-hadits dalam membangun budaya mutu sang tokoh ideal sama artinya dengan memasang kabel pada sumber energi yang kekuatan-Nya tak terbatas dan energi esoterik itu akan mengaliri kesadaran sang tokoh ideal untuk ‘berpikir besar’ tentang masa depan Lembaga/ madrasah. Kekuatan gagasan besarnya yang tergambar di motto, slogan, atau visi-misi lembaga akan selalu terasa berenergi sehingga punya pengaruh yang kuat pada pembentukan pribadi anak didik/ santri. Belum lagi jika sang tokoh ideal berkesempatan bertatap muka dengan siswa/ santri, dewan guru, atau wali siswa/ santri disitu akan terjadi koagulasi nilai langsung pada saat itu. Hadirin merasa damai, suasana menjadi dingin namun terlecut ghirah keilmuan, hilang rasa kantuk, malas, nakal, perangai kasar dan semua tabiat jelek seperti hilang sementara pada saat itu. Namun jika kondisi itu terjadi berulang dan tiap hari dalam tiga tahun misalnya, maka yang terjadi nilai-nilai dari perangai/ sifat negatif tidak hanya hilang sementara namun akan hilang secara permanen. Bahkan diharapkan para guru dan murid akan mampu menjadi koagulan baru dalam perjuangan nilai pada tahap selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 313, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Itulah kekuatan-kekuatan yang akan muncul sebagai konsekwensi logis dari prasyarat yang pertama. Selanjutnya gagasan besar yang telah tercetus akan melahirkan ketajaman visi- misi. Sebagaimana diulas diatas bahwa visi-misi yang berenergi adalah yang dibangun dengan serius melalui koagulasi nilai. Itu tidak lain karena kekuatan energi yang diperoleh dari nash- hadits yang dipasang di awal sebagai kabel penghubung yang selanjutnya mengalirkan energi-Nya yang unlimited pada visi-misi tersebut. Tawadlu’ dan keyakinan yang besar dari sang tokoh ideal mendorong ketajaman visi- misinya melahirkan tekad baja dan ini akan tergambar dalam kepribadiannya yang bersahaja. Sikap/ sifat teguh pada prinsip seperti ini juga akan terlihat pada caranya berbicara, bersikap, dan membuat keputusan yang bisa disaksikan secara langsung oleh warga sekolah. Nilai keteguhan yang membaja adalah kekuatan kesekian yang akan mampu memberi pengaruh besar bagi hilangnya kemalasan, kenakalan, dan berbagai perangai negatif siswa/ santri. Dari berbagai kekuatan ini muncul prasyarat ketiga, itulah prophetic integrity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 417, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Prophetic integrity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 442, "width": 219, "height": 339, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Integritas profetik, dimaksudkan disini bahwa tokoh ideal tersebut adalah pribadi yang diharapkan berkualifikasi mendekati sifat-sifat nabi dalam keseluruhan maupun sebagian. Pribadi sang tokoh ideal disini menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa sebagai ummat nabi terbaik sudah semestinya mengupayakan menjadi yang terbaik dengan mencontoh kepribadian Rasulullah SAW (siddiq, Amanah, tabligh, fathanah). Memang tidak mudah mencontoh keseluruhan sifat-sifat nabi SAW, namun tekad untuk terus memperbaiki diri, mengimitasikan diri dengan karakter-karakter luhur nabi, dan senantiasa bersolawat kepada beliau adalah rutinitas obsesi diri yang tiada henti. Dari sini akhirnya muncul karakter luhur berupa konsistensi. Sebagai implementasi sifat amanah dalam mengelola madrasah, konsisten pada perjuangan, dan totalitas dalam dedikasi mewujudkan gagasan besar yang sudah digambarkan dalam cetusan visi-misi lembaga adalah suatu keniscayaan. Dengan berlandaskan ayat-hadits yang sudah dipasang diawal maka inspirasinya akan memudahkan munculnya skala prioritas. Merumuskan skala prioritas adalah implementasi sifat profetik fathanah dalam membangun dan mengembangkan madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 49 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 221, "height": 288, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prioritas yang di tetapkan akan membantu tekad pencapaiannya secara berkala dengan kekuatan yang terukur. Dalam upaya meningkatkan akselerasi kinerja dalam merealisasikan prioritas maka diperlukan team work yang solid. Upaya membangun teamwork ini adalah implementasi sifat fathanah dalam mengelola Lembaga/ madrasah sebagaimana nabi juga melakukannya dalam strategi memenangkan perang misalnya. Disamping itu beberapa aktifitas lembaga yang memungkinkan muncul berbagai problem pelik, maka diperlukan sifat sabar dan bersikap terbuka sehingga semua ikut merasakan dan memiliki tanggung jawab untuk memecahkan bersama, ini implementasi sifat siddiq dalam mengelola madrasah. Sifat dan sikap profetik ini jika diurai akan cukup panjang karena mencakup sikap harian seorang tokoh ideal yang dalam sadarnya berusaha menginternalisasi sifat-sifat keluhuran dan kemuliaan nabi ke dalam diri sebagai bagian dari ijtihadnya membangun madrasah dan mujahadahnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 218, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalam mendedikasikan perjuangannya hanya untuk lii’lai kalimatillah. Dan prasyarat keempat dalam koagulasi nilai adalah kompetitif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 429, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kompetitif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 218, "height": 300, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kompetitif disini yang dimaksud adalah punya kemampuan bersaing/ berdaya saing. suatu sikap yang berhubungan dengan persaingan dalam dunia pendidikan. Ini realitas yang tidak terpungkiri bahwa suatu madrasah mau atau tidak pasti dihadapkan pada persaingan dengan sesama madrasah dan sekolah umum yang negeri maupun swasta. Suatu madrasah dibangun dengan seksama berikut diupayakan dengan kelengkapan sarana prasarananya semata-semata untuk memberi layanan terbaik pada murid/ santri. Jika dicermati persaingan yang terjadi sesungguhnya adalah persaingan dalam hal mutu, mutu layanan akademik, mutu lulusan, mutu sarana-prasarana, mutu tenaga akademik dan lain-lain. Pada hal ini sang tokoh ideal akan segera menemukan karakteristik seperti apa yang akan di lekatkan pada masing-masing mutu diatas. Aktifasi ruhani dengan inspirasi nash- hadits akan mengalirkan energinya pada ‘spesifikasi’ yang dirumuskan. Semisal spesifikasi mutu lulusan berlabel A, maka pada label A itu terdapat energi mutu lulusan. Maka inilah spesifikasi mutu lulusan yang kompetitif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 758, "width": 221, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Demikian pula dengan spesifikasi tenaga akademik maupun yang lain, ketika sudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 263, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dirumuskan dengan berbagai pertimbangan, kecenderungan dan kebutuhan zaman maka rumusan spesifikasi tersebut akan segera dialiri energi yang membuatnya kompetitif. Karena dalam spesifikasi yang dibentuk adalah kompetensi khusus berbasis pada kecermatan, ketelitian, dan ketepatan melihat kebutuhan zaman ke depan meski sekarang belum terjadi. Ini membutuhkan kecakapan khusus yang kemudian disebut sensitifitas/ kepekaan lembaga. Kepekaan lembaga ini seringkali luput dari perhatian, padahal kebutuhan yang ditimbulkan oleh tren zaman yang terbaca oleh Lembaga lalu dipenuhi, hal tersebut akan membuat Lembaga semakin kompetitif. Hanya Lembaga/ madrasah yang budaya mutunya dibangun melalui koagulasi nilai yang mampu membaca kebutuhan yang ditimbulkan oleh tren zaman meskipun terpisah oleh waktu namun terhubung dengan cita-cita yang mulia. Dan dari sini sustainability akan berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 353, "width": 221, "height": 263, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ikhtiar dalam sustainability biasanya memunculkan kebutuhan akan inovasi. Inovasi adalah pilihan yang akan membuat madrasah makin kompetitif. Inovasi yang dilakukan lembaga yang membangun mutu inovasi nya melalui koagulasi nilai maka setiap pilihan inovasi yang dicetuskan akan teraliri energi positif. Budaya mutu adalah suatu yang hidup maka dia tidak akan pernah berhenti berinovasi. Sekali suatu yang esoteris telah terpasang, maka selanjutnya akan menginspirasi berbagai aksi eksoterik tiada hentinya. Itu artinya membangun budaya mutu madrasah dengan koagulasi nilai tidak ada ruginya melainkan sebaliknya akan terjadi berbagai kemajuan yang signifikan bagi Lembaga/ madrasah. Uraian dalam artikel ini cukup terbatas, edisi lengkapnya bisa dibaca pada buku teori koagulasi nilai selanjutnya. Melihat hal itu tidak berlebihan jika penulis menyebut bahwa koagulasi nilai adalah mahakarya manajemen pendidikan islam saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 632, "width": 45, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 657, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap Lembaga Pendidikan Islam/ madrasah diyakini sudah mempunyai budaya mutu, namun tidak dari semua budaya mutu madrasah terjadi proses koagulasi nilai. Ada budaya mutu madrasah yang akan terhantarkan pada terjadinya koagulasi nilai, yaitu budaya mutu yang dalam perumusannya memenuhi anasir:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 341, "top": 745, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Basic absoluteness", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 341, "top": 758, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Powerful", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 341, "top": 771, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Prophetic integrity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 42, "width": 300, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Nusantara Education, 3 (1), September 2023 - 50 Mohamad Arif Majid", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 199, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kompetitif Basic absoluteness (kemutlakan dasar)/ Al- quran-Hadits adalah landasan filosofis yang mengandung nilai kebenaran mutlak sebagai dasar pijakan Lembaga Pendidikan islam/ madrasah. Hal ini mutlak dibutuhkan sebagai bentuk tidak saja objektifikasi ruhani, namun ‘aktifasi ruhani’ lembaga madrasah dalam melangsungkan proses belajar mengajar. Mengambil nash-hadits sebagai inspirasi landasan filosofis suatu madrasah sama artinya dengan menancapkan kabel pada sumber energi yang selanjutnya akan mengalirkan berbagai energi positif dalam berpikir besar, uswatun- hasanah,dan kharisma. Karenanya unsur kedua muncul sebagai ‘powerful’nya seorang koagulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 174, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses belajar mengajar yang berlangsung dibawah kontrol nilai-nilai fowerfull koagulan, darinya akan lahir prophetic integrity/ integritas profetik. Disini nilai-nilai kemuliaan, keluhuran budi, dan sensitifitas kemanusiaan akan tumbuh subur karena terinspirasi sifat-sifat utama Nabi Muhammad SAW yang siddiq, Amanah, tabligh, dan fatanah. Energi inilah yang pada ujung nya akan lahir kompetensi ‘kompetitif’-nya madrasah secara alamiah. Akan tumbuh subur berbagai inovasi madrasah yang lahirnya didorong oleh energi unlimited dari inspirasi Dzat yang ‘Allamal insana ma lam ya’lam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 215, "height": 175, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arfiansyah, R. (2020). Implementasi Perilaku Kerja Berdasarkan Nilai Budaya Kerja (NBK) Di Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Berbasis Modifikasi Theory of Planned Behaviour. Yogyakarta: UII Yogyakarta. Ibrahim. (1995). Teknologi Emansipasi dan Transendensi. Bandung: Mizan. Kemendiknas. (2009). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional nomor 63 tahun 2009 tentang Sistem Penjaminan Mutu. Jakarta: Kemendiknas. Kuntowijoyo. (2018). Identitas Politik umat Islam. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 215, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mulyadi. (2010). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam mengembangkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 536, "width": 179, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budaya Mutu. Malang: UIN Malang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 548, "width": 28, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "press.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 215, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nahadi, M., Sarimaya, F., & Rosdiyanti, S.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 574, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2011). Hubungan Islam dengan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dalam Perspektif Sejarah. Jurnal Atikan, 1 (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permatasari, T., & Apriliani, E. (2013). Optimasi penggunaan koagulan dalam proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 315, "width": 179, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penjernihan air. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 2 (1), A6-A11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 340, "width": 215, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Soemodimedjo, P., & Poedjiadi, A. (2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 353, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kimia: Dari Zaman ke Zaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 365, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bandung: Yayasan Cendrawasih.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 378, "width": 215, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sriyanto. (2021). Tujuh Ilmuwan Muslim", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 391, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perintis Laboratorium", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 501, "top": 391, "width": 40, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Modern.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 403, "width": 215, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Integrated Lab Journal . Tika, P. (2010). Budaya Organisasi dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 362, "top": 429, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 362, "top": 441, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 452, "width": 216, "height": 62, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trianto. (2010). Model Pembelajaran Terpadu : Konsep, Strategi, dan Implementasinya dalam Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 517, "width": 215, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "West, B. (2009). Managing Quality in Schools Effective Strategies for Quality-Based School Improvement. London: Prentice Hall.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 84, "width": 400, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI HALAL TOURISM DI WILAYAH MULTIETNIS DAN MULTIAGAMA : STUDI KASUS DI OBJEK WISATA ASIA HERITAGE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 150, "top": 139, "width": 319, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fatmawati 1 , Halim Fortuna 2 , Bryan Siburian 3 , Aldeva Ilhami 4 Universitas Negeri Sulthan Syarif Kasim Riau Jl. HR Soebrantas Panam KM 15 No 155 Panam Riau Email Korespondensi: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 217, "width": 61, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 431, "height": 192, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dari mendeskripsikan Strategi Pengembangan Destinasi Halal Tourism di Wilayah Multietnis dan Multiagama: Studi Kasus di Objek Wisata Asia Heritage Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalu observasi, wawancara dan dan dokumentasi. Analisis data mengunakan pengumpulan data (data collection), mereduksi data (data reduction) , penyajian data (data display), penarikan kesimpulan (conclutions). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh strategi pengembangan destinasi halal tourism objek wisata Asia Heritage 1) Melengkapi fasilitas yang belum tersedia seperti Mushalla, toilet dan arena bermain anak. 2) Peran semua pihak untuk mewujudkan wisata halal di objek wisata Asia Heritage. Pengembangan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan erat hubungannya dengan keterlibatan stakeholders . Penguatan peran stakeholders dalam pengembangan pariwisata memberikan dampak jangka panjang dalam aspek ekonomi, ekologi dan sosial kultural. 3) Meningkatkan promosi objek wisata Asia Heritage untuk menarik wisatawan. Pengelola harus memiliki website yang representatif dan informatif. tentang potensi yang dimiliki objek wisata dan diperbarui secara rutin. 4)Meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap wisatawan yang datang berkunjung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 449, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Halal Tourism ; Asia Heritage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 488, "width": 64, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 431, "height": 167, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to describe the Development of Halal Tourism Destinations in Multi-ethnic and Multi-religious Regions: A Case Study in the Tourism Object of Asia Heritage Pekanbaru. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. Data collection was collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions. Based on the results of research on the development strategy for halal tourism destinations, Asian Heritage attractions 1) Complete facilities that are not yet available, such as prayer rooms, toilets and children's play areas. 2) The role of all parties to realize halal tourism in Asia Heritage tourist objects. Sustainable tourism development is closely related to stakeholder involvement. Strengthening the role of stakeholders in tourism development has long-term impacts in economic, ecological and socio-cultural aspects. 3) Increasing the promotion of Asia Heritage tourism objects to attract tourists. Managers must have a representative and informative website. about the potential of tourist objects and is updated regularly. 4) Improving services for tourists who come to visit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Halal Tourism; Asia Heritage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 96, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 433, "height": 279, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wisata halal (halal tourism) saat ini mengalami perkembangan yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan dengan sektor pariwisata lainnya. Istilah wisata halal baru diperkenalkan lima tahun terakhir yaitu pada kegiatan World Halal Tourism Summit (WHTS) 2015. Wisata halal merupakan bagian dari industri pariwisata yang bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan wisata muslim seperti makanan, akomodasi, transpotasi dan fasilitas lainnya. Perkembangan wisata halal tidak hanya terjadi pada negara mayoritas muslim tetapi juga pada negara dengan mayoritas non-muslim seperti Singapura, Thailand, Inggris, Jepang, Taiwan, Afrika Selatan, Hongkong, Korea Selatan, Prancis, Spanyol dan Filipina. Negara tersebut dikelompokkan sebagai negara non-OIC ( non-Organization of Islamic Cooperation ) yang ramah terhadap wisatawan muslim (Mastercard-crescentrating, 2019a). Beberapa strategi dan kebijakan terkait wisata halal telah diterapkan pada beberapa negara- negara di dunia antara lain: agen pariwisata nasional Jepang telah menyediakan informasi makanan halal dan restoran halal asli jepang diantaranya Minokichi dan Kyokaiseki bagi wisatawan muslim yang berkunjung ke Jepang (Kodir, 2019); pemerintah Thailand menerapkan sertifikasi halal sebagai kebijakan yang mendukung sektor pariwisata halal (Nurdiansyah, 2018); Malaysia aktif mengembangkan wisata islami dengan mempromosikanny dalam agenda pariwisata nasional (Kelana, 2019); pemerintah Singapura serius meminta pihak pengelola hotel untuk menyediakan fasilitas sholat dan restoran bersertifikasi halal dari Majlis Ulama Singapura (Ulfa, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 426, "height": 334, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia memiliki prestasi yang baik dalam pengembangan sektor wisata halal. Hasil laporan Kementerian Pariwisata RI tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa wisata halal memiliki pertumbuhan terbesar dibandingkan dengan sektor pariwisata lainnya. Jumlah wisatawan muslim yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya yaitu sebanyak 140 juta orang (Sasongko, 2019). Kementerian Pariwisata menunjuk beberapa provinsi sebagai destinasi wisata halal yaitu : Aceh, Sumatra Barat, Riau, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta, Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Sulawesi Selatan merupakan provinsi yang dipersiapkanmenjadi destinasi wisata halal (Kurniawan et al., 2019). Provinsi Riau masuk dalam daftar daerah wisata halal unggulan Kementerian Pariwisata Republik Indonesia. Hasil Indonesia Muslim Travel Index (IMTI) tahun 2019 menunjukkan Provinsi Riau dan Kepulauan Riau memperoleh peringkat ketiga pada sektor wisata halal (Mastercard-crescentrating, 2019b). Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Provinsi Riau tidak hanya maju dalam sektor industri akan tetapi juga di sektor pariwisata melalui keindahan alam dan kekhasan budaya. ). Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Kemenparekraf) telah mempersiapkan strategi pariwisata Indonesia di era new normal atau normal baru selama pandemi Covid-19 melalui program CHS ( Cleanliness, Health, and Safety ). Hal ini tentu menjadi perhatian bagi sektor pengelola wisata di kota Pekanbaru khususny di Asia Heritage. Disamping memenuhi tuntutan global akan halal tourism, strategi pengembangan wisata halal di masa pandemi sangat penting dilakukan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian Analisis Pengembangan Destinasi Halal Tourism di Wilayah Multietnis dan Multiagama: Studi Kasus di Objek Wisata Asia Heritage Pekanbaru agar tidak menimbulkan konflik sosial yang merusak keharmonisan antar umat beragama dan dapat diimplemantasikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 134, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 434, "height": 210, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini Kualitatif dengan metode Deskriptif, yaitu penelitian yang berusaha mengungkapkan bagaimana keberadaan objek wisata Danau Buatan Kualo Mudo di Kelurahan Balai Makam Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis Duri-Riau secara apa adanya sesuai dengan kenyataan yang terjadi di lapangan. Informan penelitian dalam penelitian kualitatif bukan dinamakan responden, tetapi sebagai nara sumber atau informan. Dalam penelitian ini teknik yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Menurut Saebani (2008:179) purposive sampling yaitu pemilihan sekelompok subjek didasarkan atas ciri-ciri atau sifat-sifat tertentu tertentu yang dipandang mempunyai sangkut-paut yang erat dengan ciri-ciri atau sifat-sifat populasi yang sudah diketahui sebelumnya. Sebutan purposive menunjukkan bahwa teknik ini digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan tertentu. Informan dalam penelitian ini Dinas Pariwisata Kota Pekanbaru, MUI Kota Pekanbaru, Pengunjung, pegadang dan pengelola Objek Wisata Asia Heritage, Akademisi dan Agen travel. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan beberapa teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 332, "width": 235, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 436, "height": 126, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Atraksi Atraksi merupakan komponen yang signifikan dalam menarik wisatawan. Suatu daerah dapat menjadi tujuan wisata jika kondisinya mendukung untuk dikembangkan menjadi sebuah atraksi wisata. Apa yang dikembangkan menjadi atraksi wisata, itulah yang disebut modal atau sumber kepariwisataan. Untuk menemukan potensi kepariwisataan di suatu daerah orang harus berpedoman kepada apa yang dicari oleh wisatawan. Modal atraksi yang menarik kedatangan wisatawan itu ada tiga, yaitu 1) Natural Resources (alami), 2) Atraksi wisata budaya, dan 3) Atraksi buatan manusia itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 484, "width": 436, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian bahwa objek wisata Asia Heritage mempunyai atraksi yang akan membuat daya tarik pengunjung untuk datang berkunjung menikmati atraksi tersebut. Keberadaan atraksi menjadi alasan serta motivasi wisatawan untuk mengunjungi suatu daya tarik wisata (DTW). Untuk kedepannnya perlu adanya atraksi yang bisa dtampilkan pada setiap weekend Karen biasanya pengunung ramai diwaktu weekend.Selain adanya Atraksi factor penarik objek wisata Asia Heritage untuk dikunjungi karena banyaknya spot foto yang membuat pengunjung merasa diluar negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 594, "width": 70, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Amenitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 608, "width": 430, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amenitas merupakan segala macam sarana dan prasarana yang diperlukan oleh wisatawan selama berada di suatu daerah tujuan wisata. Sarana dalam hal ini yang dimaksud adalah tempat penginapan, rumah makan, tempat ibadah, agen perjalan. Prasarana lain yang dibutuhkan seperti sarana air bersih, tenaga listrik, tempat pembuangan sampah, koneksi internet, teknologi telekomunikasi dan lain-lain.. Destinasi wisata, restoran, dan makanan yang dikonsumsi wisatawan harus benar-benar halal. Tentunya biro perjalanan ini menjadi subjek utama dimana wisatawan bisa nyaman dan aman dalam berwisata merupakan bagian terdekat yang langsung bersentuhan langsung dengan wisatawan perlu untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang nilai-nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 433, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Objek wisata Asia Heritage sudah menjual makanan yang halal, toilet pria dan wanita sudah dipisah dan juga sudah disediakan mesjid untuk shalat walaupun letak mesjidnya jauh yang disebabkan oleh lokasi objek wisata yang luas, perlu juga ditambahkan TOA sehingga sura azan bisa terdengar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 153, "width": 78, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Aksebilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 433, "height": 195, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aksebilitas adalah segala hal yang menyangkut masalah akses dalam menjangkau daerah wisata tersebut. Segala macam transportasi umum ataupun jasa transportasi menjadi akses penting dalam pariwisata. Tidak hanya itu, di sisi lainnya akses ini dimaksud dengan tranferabilitas yaitu kemudahan untuk bergerak dari daerah yang satu ke daerah yang lain. Ketika suatu daerah masih masih minim akan ketersediaan aksesebilitas yang baik seperti bandara, pelabuhan, stasiun dan jalan raya, maka akan sulit untuk para wisatawan menjangkau daerah wisata tersebut. Jika suatu daerah tersebut sudah memiliki potensi pariwisata, maka harus diseduakan aksebilitas yang sudah memadai sehingga daerah tersebut akan mudah dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Aksebilitas Objek wisata Asia Heritage yang mudah dijangkau oleh wisatawan karena lokasinya yang terletak ditepi jalan raya dan juga dekat dengan jalan Pekanbaru- Dumai selain itu Kota Pekanbaru juga berdekatan dengan Negara Malaysia dan Singapura, tetapi perlu ditambahkan plang supaya lebih jelas, yang perlu ditambahkan itu akses untuk mengelilingi objek wisata yang luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 373, "width": 437, "height": 127, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Ancillary Ancillary (Pelayanan Tambahan) Pelayanan tambahan harus disedikan oleh Pemda dari suatu daerah tujuan wisata baik untuk wisatawan maupun untuk pelaku pariwisata. Pelayanan yang disediakan termasuk pemasaran, pembangunan fisik (jalan raya, rel kereta, air minum, listrik, telepon, dan lain-lain) serta mengkoordinir segala macam aktivitas dan dengan segala peraturan perundang-undangan baik di jalan raya maupun di objek wisata. Ancilliary juga merupakan hal–hal yang mendukung sebuah kepariwisataan, seperti lembaga pengelolaan, Tourist Information, Travel Agent dan stakeholder yang berperan dalam kepariwisataan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 431, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelayanan Tambahan yang sangat penting adalah kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru tentang wisata halal. Untuk itu perlunya koordinasi berbagai pihak dalam membuat kebijakan sehingga bisa bekerjasama dalam menerapkan wisata halal di Kota Pekanbaru dengan multietnis dan multiagama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 567, "width": 274, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Analisis SWOT Objek Wisata Asia Heritage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 595, "width": 291, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kekuatan (S) Kelemahan (W)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 609, "width": 90, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Atraksi wisata", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 623, "width": 177, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Suasananya seperti diluar negeri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 637, "width": 180, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Akses jalan menuju objek wisata sangat baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 609, "width": 390, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Terletak di daerah yang strategis karena masih di dalam Kota Pekanbaru 1. Sarana dan prasarana bermain untuk anak-anak perlu ditambahkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 345, "top": 661, "width": 95, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Mesjidnya jauh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 84, "width": 277, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peluang (O) Ancaman (T) 1. Objek wisata baru yang terdapat di Kota Pekanbaru", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 99, "width": 398, "height": 118, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Banyaknya spot foto yang membuat penggunjung tertarik untuk berkunjung 3. Terletak di rute Tol Dumai- Pekanbaru 1. Terdapatnya objek wisata yang lebih terkenal sebelumnya seperti Asia Farm, Revi dan Bukit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 363, "top": 154, "width": 45, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelanggi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 178, "width": 182, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Timbulnya rasa bosan para pengunjung karena suasana panas sebab sedikitnya pepohonan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 430, "height": 237, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kekuatan Objek wisata Asia Haritage memilki konsep negara-negara di asia seperti korea, jepang dan cina. Dengan mengusung konsep negara-negara asia maka pengunjung seperti berada diluar negeri. Konsep negara-negara asia ini bukan hanya berupa bangunan saja tetapi pengunjung juga bisa menyewa pakaian tradisional negara-negara korea, jepang ataupun china. Adanya atraksi wisata seperi Festival lampu seribu bintang pada hari raya Idul Fitri dan Festival Salju yang pada tahun baru menjadi penarik pengunjung apalagi didukung akses jalan yang mudah dijangkau dan lokasi objek wisata yang tidak terletak dipeti jalan akan memudahkan dalam pengembangan objek wisata Asia Heritage ini karena akses jalan juga sangat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan minat pengunjung. Akses jalan yang baik akan memudahkan pengunjung untuk berkunjung tetapi akses jalan yang buruk akan menyulitkan pengunjung untuk datang. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Tuwuntjaki (2013) yang mengemukakan bahwa jalan merupakan hal terpenting dalam sebuah proses pengembangan, jalan merupakan infrastruktur yang harus dipenuhi karena jalan merupakan sarana utama yang harus disediakan. Apabila kondisi jalan sudah terpenuhi dengan baik, akan menjadi daya tarik bagi wisatawan yang akan berkunjung, sebab dengan kondisi jalan yang baik akan menimbulkan kenyamanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 65, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelemahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 434, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Objek wisata Asia Heritage. Lokasi mesjid yang jauh menyulitkan dijangkau oleh pengunjung. Arena bermain untuk anak juga perlu ditambahkan supaya anak-anak betah untuk lama-lama dan mau berkunjung kembalai ke objek wisata Asia Heritage. Kurangnya sarana pendukung pariwisata ini akan membuat pengunjung tidak betah berlama-lama apalagi untuk datang kembali. Perlu ditambahkan mushalla kecil dibeberapa titik yang dilengkapi dengan toilet dan juga penunjuk arah karena luasnya lokasi objek wisata membuat lokasi mesjid jauh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 433, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Sumarabawa (2013) mengemukakan suatu daerah dapat dikembangkan menjadi objek wisata atau menjadi desa wisata perlu adanya unsure-unsur yang mendukung, tidak hanya mengandalkan keindahan alamnya saja tetapi sarana dan prasarana pendukung juga merupakan hal yang sangat penting guna menunjang kegiatan pariwisata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 677, "width": 431, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peluang Objek wisata Asia Heritage. Objek wisata baru yang ada di Kota Pekanbaru yang memiliki banyak spot foto menjadikan objek wisata Asia Heritage menjadi tujuan wisatawan. Apalagi objek wisata Asia Heritage berada dekat jalan tol Pekanbaru-Dumai dan juga dekat dengan fasilitas umum lainnya yang dibutuhkan oleh wisatawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 431, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ancaman Objek wisata Asia Heritage. Adanya objek wisata yang lebih terkenal sebelumnya seperti objek wisata asia farm, refi dan alam mayang akan mengancam objek wisata Asia Hertige. Objek wisata Asia Farm mengusung konsep negara-negara asia dan eropa sedangkan objek wisata refi mengusung konsep taman. Dengan adanya objek wisata yang lebih terkenal sebelumnya, seharusnya objek wisata Asia Heritage mampu memberikan daya tarik tersendiri atau bisa memberikan ciri khusus yang bisa menarik pengunjung sehingga pengunjung yang datang bukan hanya local tetapi juga internasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 208, "width": 277, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Strategi SWOT Objek Wisata Asia Heritage.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 236, "width": 376, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kekuatan ( S ) Kelemahan ( W ) Strategi S-W 1. Atraksi wisata", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 264, "width": 148, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Suasananya seperti diluar negeri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 250, "width": 444, "height": 127, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Akses jalan menuju objek wisata sangat baik. 4. Terletak di daerah yang strategis karena masih di dalam Kota 1. Mesjidnya jauh 2. Belum adanya sosialisasi wisata halal 3. Sarana dan prasarana bermain untuk anak- anak perlu ditambahkan 1. Menambahkan mushalla dan toilet dibeberapa titik lokasi. 2. Peran semua pihak untuk mewujudkan wisata halal di Kota Pekanbaru khusunya Asia Heritage", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 361, "width": 485, "height": 279, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Menambah fasilitas arena bermain anak- anak dan pohon pelindung supaya tidak panas Peluang ( O ) Ancaman ( T ) Strategi O-T 1. Objek wisata baru yang terdapat di Kota Pekanbaru 2. Banyaknya spot foto yang membuat penggunjung tertarik untuk berkunjung 3. Letak yang stategis terletak di rute Tol Dumai-Pekanbaru dan juga berdekan dengan Negara Malsisya dan Singgapura 1. Terdapatnya objek wisata yang lebih terkenal sebelumnya seperti Asia Farm dan Revi 2. Timbulnya rasa bosan para pengunjung karena suasana panas sebab sedikitnya pepohonan 1. Meningkatkan promosi untuk menarik wisatawan 2. Meningkatkan fasil itas sarana prasaranan dan pelayanan terh adap wisatawan yang datang berkunjung.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 428, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel analisis SWOT di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk pengembangan Objek Wisata Asia Heritage adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 434, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama, Melengkapi fasilitas yang belum tersedia seperti Mushalla, toile dan arena bermain anak. Dengan menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan akan membuat pengunjung semakin betah bahkan membuat pengunjung berkeinginan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 428, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "datang kembali. Melengkapi sarana dan prasarana yang belum ada, akan menjadi penarik pengunjung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 436, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, Peran semua pihak untuk mewujudkan wisata halal di objek wisata Asia Heritage. Belum optimalnya proses koordinasi yang terjadi di antara seluruh instansi terkait mengakibatkan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang belum terarah dengan baik. Alonso (2015) menyatakan bahwa pengembangan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan erat hubungannya dengan keterlibatan stakeholders . Penguatan peran stakeholders dalam pengembangan pariwisata memberikan dampak jangka panjang dalam aspek ekonomi, ekologi dan sosial kultural (Firdaus, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 433, "height": 85, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiga, Meningkatkan promosi objek wisata Asia Heritage untuk menarik wisatawan. Pengelola harus memiliki website yang representatif dan informatif. tentang potensi yang dimiliki objek wisata dan diperbarui secara rutin. Website inilah yang menjadi salah satu rujukan utama wisatawan domestik dan mancanegara sebelum memilih destinasi wisata. Selain website, media sosial dan efek word of mouth nya saat ini juga menjadi faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan promosi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 431, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sukmasakti (2012) menjelaskan bahwa promosi merupakan langkah-langkah yang bertujuan untuk menarik wisatawan agar berkunjung ke objek wisata. Dalam hal ini aspek promosi melakukan promosi melalui paket wisata, kerjasama dengan pihak swasta, menggelar pameran atau festival, mengadakan penta seni Keempat, Meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap wisatawan yang datang berkunjung, seperti membedakan pintu masuk antara pria dan wanita, membedakan kereta atau perahu antara pengunjung pria dan wanita atau memberi pembatas sehingga memberikan kenyamanan bagi pengunjung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 413, "width": 84, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 433, "height": 292, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama, Melengkapi fasilitas yang belum tersedia seperti Mushalla, toile dan arena bermain anak. Dengan menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan akan membuat pengunjung semakin betah bahkan membuat pengunjung berkeinginan untuk datang kembali. Melengkapi sarana dan prasarana yang belum ada, akan menjadi penarik pengunjung karena biasanya pengunjung yang datang untuk menikmati hari libur atau melepas lelah dari rutinitas yang padat. Kedua, Peran semua pihak untuk mewujudkan wisata halal di objek wisata Asia Heritage. Belum optimalnya proses koordinasi yang terjadi di antara seluruh instansi terkait mengakibatkan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang belum terarah dengan baik, pengembangan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan erat hubungannya dengan keterlibatan stakeholders . Penguatan peran stakeholders dalam pengembangan pariwisata memberikan dampak jangka panjang dalam aspek ekonomi, ekologi dan sosial kultural. Ketiga, Meningkatkan promosi objek wisata Asia Heritage untuk menarik wisatawan. Pengelola harus memiliki website yang representatif dan informatif. tentang potensi yang dimiliki objek wisata dan diperbarui secara rutin. Website inilah yang menjadi salah satu rujukan utama wisatawan domestik dan mancanegara sebelum memilih destinasi wisata. Selain website, media sosial dan efek word of mouth nya saat ini juga menjadi faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan promosi. Keempat, Meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap wisatawan yang datang berkunjung, seperti membedakan pintu masuk antara pria dan wanita, membedakan kereta atau perahu antara pengunjung pria dan wanita atau memberi pembatas sehingga memberikan kenyamanan bagi pengunjung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 431, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Industri Pariwisata e-ISSN : 2620-9322 Vol 6, No. 1, 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 494, "top": 807, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 113, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 421, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ala-Hamarneh. (2011). 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Diakses dari www.aa.com", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 420, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ulfa, F. (4 September 2019). Saingan Indonesia, Singapura Bakal Jadi Calon Destinasi Halal Favorit di Asia. Kompas . Diakses dari www.kompas.com Vargas-sánchez, A., & Moral, M. (2019). Halal tourism : literature review and experts ’ view. Journal of Islamic Marketing , 1 . https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 291, "width": 24, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0039", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 305, "width": 422, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahidin. (2016). Potret Kerukunan Masyarakat Etnis Melayu-China dalam Bingkai Negeri Seribu Kubah Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Hukum Islam , 16 (1), 94–103", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 442", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 74, "width": 443, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALISIS DAN DESAIN SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN BERBASIS WEB DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) DAN SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) UNTUK MEMBANTU PENENTUAN FASILITATOR TERBAIK PADA YAYASAN AIDS INDONESIA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 164, "width": 321, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Widya Pramesti 1) , Hendri Irawan 2) 1 Program studi, Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Budi Luhur 1,2 Jl. Raya Ciledug, Petukangan Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan 12260", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 198, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-mail : [email protected] 1) , [email protected] 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 223, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yayasan AIDS Indonesia adalah organisasi yang bergerak di bidang sosial – kesehatan. Salah satu kegiatan utamanya yaitu memberikan pendampingan dan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang bahaya AIDS dan bagaimana cara pencegahannya. Dalam kegiatan tersebut dibutuhkan banyak relawan yang biasa disebut fasilitator. Setiap tahunnya organisasi ini memberikan reward kepada fasilitator yang memiliki kinerja terbaik. Namun pada proses pemilihannya terjadi beberapa masalah, diantaranya yaitu adanya subjektifitas dalam proses fasilitator terbaik, dan waktu pemilihan menjadi lama berakibat sulit dalam proses rekap hasil penilaian fasilitator, serta belum adanya pembobotan menjadikan pemilihan yang kurang tepat. Oleh karena itu Yayasan AIDS Indonesia membutuhkan sistem yang dapat membantu untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi. Peneliti telah melakukan analisis dan desain sistem penunjang keputusan penentutan fasilitator terbaik menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) . AHP digunakan untuk pembobotan sedangkan SAW digunakan untuk mencari alternatif optimal dari sejumlah alternatif berdasarkan nilai kriteria dan bobot yang sudah ditentukan. Sistem penunjang keputusan fasilitator terbaik dibuat dengan database MySQL dan pemograman PHP. Sistem penunjang keputusan pemilihan fasilitator terbaik ini dan akurat dapat membantu melakukan pemilihan fasilitator terbaik menjadi lebih cepat dan obyektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 457, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Sistem Penunjang Keputusan, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), fasilitator terbaik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 441, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 453, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pesatnya perkembangan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 215, "height": 89, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IPTEK (Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi) yang luas. Dalam perkembangan teknologi informasi banyak fasilitas yang menjadikan kemudahan-kemudahan yang bisa berdampak pada kegiatan. Semakin berkembang teknologi dalam segala aspek kehidupan sehari – hari khususnya di bidang sosial – kesehatan serta sering menemui masalah dalam pengambilan keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 545, "width": 215, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yayasan AIDS Indonesia merupakan salah satu organisasi yang berada di DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Pada setiap kegiatan penyuluhan tentunya akan membutuhkan relawan yang berperan sebagai fasilitator untuk menjalankan kegiatan penyuluhan, relawan akan menyebarkan informasi pencegahan HIV dan AIDS. Dengan banyaknya jumlah fasilitator di Yayasan AIDS Indonesia, salah satu upaya agar fasilitator dapat lebih bersemangat dan termotivasi selama memberikan penyuluhan. Maka dilakukan pemilihan untuk mejadi fasilitator terbaik, penilaian fasilitator dilakukan oleh seorang Koordinator Campaign . Permasalahan yang terjadi pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia yaitu proses pemilihan fasilitator kurang maksimal dan menjadi lama berakibat Koordinator Campaign kesulitan dalam proses memilih fasilitator tidak akurat. Belum adanya pembobotan yang terjadi dalam setiap kriteria proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 441, "width": 215, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemilihan. Belum adanya perangkingan dari hasil penilaian akhir fasilitator terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 464, "width": 216, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sistem penunjang keputusan ini bertujuan untuk membantu penentuan fasilitator terbaik menggunakan metode AHP dan SAW. Sistem penunjang keputusan merupakan langkah – langkah untuk peningkatan kinerja dan hasil yang optimal, karena proses ini sangat penting dan akan berpengaruh besar dalam suatu kegiatan [1]. Metode AHP adalah konsep keputusan yang memiliki kriteria banyak sehingga membandingkan satu dengan yang lainnya, AHP diyakini dapat melakukan penyelesaian masalah keputusan kompleks [2]. Metode SAW atau metode penjumlahan terbobot untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam seleksi pengambilan keputusan, metode ini dapat menentukan nilai optimal dari sejumlah alternatif merupakan salah satu keunggulannya [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 648, "width": 215, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada beberapa penelitian yang telah dipelajari mengenai AHP oleh [4] dan [5] masalah yang terjadi yaitu PT.Capella Dinamik Nusantara sudah melakukan penilaian kinerja karyawan bersifat satu arah yang cenderung subyektif, belum adanya metode penilaian kinerja karyawan. Pemecahan masalah diatas maka dibutuhkan suatu sistem penilaian kinerja karyawan yang bersisfat obyektif, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan kualitas perusahaan dalam proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 215, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menentukan pemilihan karyawan berprestasi secara tepat menggunakan. Metode SAW [6] masalah yang terjadi adalah kesalahan dalam proses penilaian kinerja dalam menghitung skor setiap kriteria serta dalam proses perhitungannya membutukan waktu yang lama maka dibangun sistem penunjang keputusan penilaian kinerja karyawan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto untuk membantu mempermudah penilaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 215, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang ditemukan Yayasan AIDS Indonesia, maka dilakukan metode pengumpulan data. Tahapan – tahapan yang dilalui dapat dilihat pada gambar 1:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 326, "width": 133, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. tahapan – tahapan penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Identifikasi Masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 349, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang apa saja yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian, menemukan masalah sebab dan akibat terjadinya masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 402, "width": 194, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Wawancara dengan koordinator campaign mengenai permasalahan proses fasilitator terbaik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 442, "width": 193, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. studi literatur mengumpulkan beberapa refrensi yang relevan dengan penelitian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 468, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pengumpulan Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 215, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pengumpulan data berfungsi untuk memperoleh informasi – informasi atau data – data yang mendukung kebutuhan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 521, "width": 194, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Wawancara, untuk mengetahui dokumen terkait proses fasilitator terbaik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 548, "width": 194, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Kuisioner, menentukan nilai perbandingan kriteria fasilitator, hasilnya berupa data yang akan dilakukan perhitungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 588, "width": 194, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Observasi, melakukan pengamatan langsung terhadap kegiatan memilih fasilitator.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 627, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Analisa Proses Bisnis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 641, "width": 215, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan analisa proses bisnis pada sistem penunjang keputusan mendeskripsikan informasi proses fasilitator terbaik berdasarkan data yang ada dan tahapan ini digambarkan dengan activity diagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Perhitungan AHP dan SAW", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 720, "width": 215, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan ini dilakukan setelah penulis menggunakan metode kuisioner yang hasil dari metode ini akan dilakukan penerapan perhitungan pertama dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 73, "width": 215, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Process. Setelah melakukan perhitungan dengan metode tersebut maka diperoleh perhitungan matriks perbandingan antar kriteria dan hasil perhitungan matriks antar alternatif berdasarkan kriteria yang ada dengan metode SAW. Hasil dari metode SAW akan dapat disimpulkan fasilitator terbaik dengan nilai terbesar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 154, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Perancangan Sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 167, "width": 215, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada perancangan sistem dilakukan untuk menganalisa data yang ada berdasarkan teknik analisa dokumen, salah satu memenuhi kebutuhan sistem dan pendukung untuk pembangunan perangkat lunak. Model data merupakan penggambaran database alat yang digunakan yaitu ERD ( Entity Relationship Diagram) Penelitian ini menjelaskan dengan model sistem dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 259, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Perancangan Layar Tahapan ini berfungsi untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai tampilan atau interface sistem penunjang keputusan yang dibuat. Menggunakan bantuan tools balsamiq mockup .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 325, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Implementasi Sistem Penunjang Keputusan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 338, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap ini penerapan sistem yang sudah dibuat setelah dilakukan dari tahapan awal hingga akhir yang dibuat menggunakan pemograman PHP dan database MySQL untuk diimplementasikan membantu penentuan fasilitator terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 414, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 426, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1. Profil Organisasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 439, "width": 215, "height": 313, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yayasan AIDS Indonesia merupakan sebuah organisasi yang tidak mendapat keuntungan bersifat materi, didalamnya melakukan kegiatan sosial dalam upaya menyebar luaskan informasi mengenai pencegahan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia. Yayasan ini khusus didirikan untuk menangani segala macam permasalah yang berkaitan dengan penanggulangan ataupun pencegahan dari virus HIV/AIDS yang semakin lama orang yang dimana orang yang terinfeksi kian meningkat jumlahnya. Yayasan ini didirikan oleh Ibu Kartini Mudjadi S.H., Ibu Martina Widjaja, Bapak Prof. DR. Sarlito W. Sarwono, Bapak Dr. Lukas Hendrata (alm), Ibu Dra. Mawarwati Djamaloedin, Bapak Drs. Jacob Oetama, Bapak Drs. Marzuki Oesman, Bapak Dr. Kartoo Mohammad dan Ibu Darwina Pontjo pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1993. Kantor Yayasan AIDS Indonesia sendiri berlokasi di Jl. Let. Jend. S. Parman, Kav.78 Slipi, Jakarta. Yayasan AIDS Indonesia yang bersifat mencegah melalui penyebaran secara meluas mengenai informasi dan bersifat mengedukasi terhadap masyarakat luas. Khususnya untuk kalangan remaja pada pergaulan zaman sekarang. Yayasan AIDS Indonesia memiliki visi dan misi yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 444", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 215, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Visi “Terciptanya masayarakat yang penuh rasa persaudaraan dengan menjunjung tinggi Hak Asasi Manusia untuk mampu menghadapi permasalahan HIV dan AIDS tanpa rasa diskriminasi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 215, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Misi “Membangun, memelihara dan mengembangkan jaringan lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM) peduli HIV dan AIDS Jabodetabek dengan mengikutsertakan lembaga pemerintah, non-pemerintah dan media masa.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 187, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Proses Bisnis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 215, "height": 314, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pemilihan fasilitator terbaik pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia dilakukan setiap satu tahun sekali oleh Koordinator Campaign . Koordinator Campaign akan memberikan informasi mengenai pengadaan penyuluhan kepada fasilitator. Jika fasilitator sudah menyetujui pengadaan penyuluhan tersebut, maka Koordinator Campaign akan memberikan jadwal serta lokasi penyuluhan yang nantinya akan dilaksanakan oleh fasilitator. Jika fasilitator tidak menyetujui pengadaan penyuluhan yang diberikan oleh Koordinator Campaign , maka Koordinator Campaign dapat mencari fasilitator lain. Pada saat fasilitator melakukan penyuluhan, seorang supervisi akan menilai fasilitator tersebut. Kemudian supervisi akan melakukan evaluasi terkait kinerja dari fasilitator. Hasil penilaian yang dilakukan oleh supervisi akan diberikan kepada Koordinator Campaign . Setelah hasil penilaian tersebut diterima, maka Koordinator Campaign melakukan rekapitulasi hasil penyuluhan. Dari hasil rekapitulasi tersebut maka akan terlihat fasilitator terbaik dan dapat disimpulkan pengumuman hasil fasilitator terbaik. Proses ini digambarkan dengan activity diagram pada gambar 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 759, "width": 82, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Proses Bisnis", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 312, "top": 87, "width": 102, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3. Fishbone Diagram", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 100, "width": 216, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada fasilitator terbaik peneliti juga menganalisa masalah dengan fishbone Diagram pada gambar 3 . Fishbone Diagram menunjukkan sebuah dampak atau akibat dari berbagai persoalan dengan segala penyebabnya, efek / akibat dituliskan pada bagian mocong kepala sedangkan tulang ikan akan diisi oleh beberapa sebab yang sesuai dengan segala pendekatan dan permasalahan. Fishbone diagram merupakan metode untuk meningkatkan kualitas. Diagram ini sering disebut dengan sebutan cause effect diagram atau sebab akibat. [5]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 389, "top": 417, "width": 99, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Fishbone Diagram", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 438, "width": 215, "height": 205, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun masalah yang terjadi mengenai sistem penunjang keputusan pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia digambarkan dengan fishbone diagram gambar 3. Ada 2 (dua) kategori yaitu proses dan metode. Masalah pada proses yaitu adanya subjektifitas dalam pemilihan fasilitator, disebabkan nilai yang sama dan berdasarkan perkiraan, mengakibatkan hasil pemilihan tidak akurat. Tidak adanya riwayat fasilitator terbaik, disebabkan tidak adanya pencatatan fasilitator, mengakibatkan sulit untuk mengetahui fasilitator terbaik. Kemudian masalah pada metode yaitu proses pemilihan fasilitator belum adanya pembobotan dari setiap kriteria, disebabkan oleh belum adanya metode yang ditetapkan, mengakibatkan penilaian kurang tepat. Tidak adanya perangkingan hasil nilai akhir, disebabkan penilaian yang kurang tepat, mengakibatkan tidak dapat mengetahui hasil nilai akhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 660, "width": 215, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4. Model Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Penggunaan teori AHP proses penilaian terintegrasi dari awal dimulai dengan penilaian perbandingan berpasangan, teori ini digunakan struktur hirarki yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen dan struktur hirarki merupakan proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 739, "width": 218, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penyederhanaan dari permasalahan yang kompleks [7] terlihat seperti pada gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 445", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 165, "width": 154, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Struktur Hirarki Fasilitator Terbaik", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 215, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 4 menunjukan struktur hierarki permasalahan untuk fasilitator terbaik pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia dengan beberapa kriteria yaitu, Briefing , Dimensi Kepribadian, Dimensi Pengetahuan, Dimensi Keterampilan, dan Evaluasi. Penetapan kriteria diperoleh dari Yayasan AIDS Indonesia, dan pembobotan untuk setiap kriteria didapat melalui perhitungan dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5. Perbandiangan Kepentingan Antar Kriteria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perbandingan kepentingan kriteria di dapatkan dari pengajuan kuisioner yang diisi oleh koordinator campaign, maka dibuat menjadi tabel matriks perbandingan pada tabel 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 377, "width": 151, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Matriks Perbandingan Antar Kriteria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 502, "width": 67, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.6. Pengujian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 146, "top": 502, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analytical Hierarchy Process", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 515, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(AHP)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 528, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada model AHP terdapat pengujian nilai dengan menggunakan Consistency Index (CI) dan Consistency Ratio (CR) setelah didapat nilai bobot dari perbandingan kriteria. Pengujian nilai CI :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 619, "width": 80, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CI = (5,4172 − 5) 5 − 1 CI = 0,1043", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 666, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian nilai CR:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 701, "width": 57, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CR = 0,1043 1,12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 733, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CR = 0,0931", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 73, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penilaian perbandingan dikatakan konsisten jika CR tidak melebihi dari 0,10 sehingga penilaian perbandingan kriteria fasilitator terbaik pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia sudah dapat dinyatakan konsisten dan tidak memerlukan perubahan penilaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 153, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.7. Model Keputusan dengan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 179, "width": 215, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Merupakan pada metode ini difungsikan untuk mencari penilaian alternatif secara optimal dari sejumlah alternatif dengan beberapa kriteria tertentu yang sudah ditetapkan. Metode ini sering diistilahkan sebagai metode pembobotan, dalam perhitungan nilai SAW akan dihasilkan secara terurut mulai dari nilai terbesar hingga terkecil yang akan dijadikan alternatif terbaik [8].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 298, "width": 82, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Data Alternatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 311, "width": 215, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Merupakan penilaian setiap data berdasarkan kriteria untuk nantinya dilakukan normalisasi pada tabel 2. Dilakukan untuk normalisasi menjadi matriks, menghitung matriks masing – masing kriteria sesuai golongannya seperti cost jika nilai terkecil nilai terbaik, benefit nilai terbesai nilai terbaik yang dapat dilihat pada rumus pada gambar 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 416, "width": 79, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Data Alternatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 503, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumus Cost dan Benefit :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 398, "top": 688, "width": 78, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Rumus SAW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 711, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Hasil Nilai Alternatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 724, "width": 215, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemudian pada tabel 3 terdapat hasil normalisasi setiap kriteria sebelumnya yang dihitung untuk mendapatkan nilai alternatif terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 446", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 72, "width": 98, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Nilai Altermatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 165, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari nilai alternatif kemudian menghitung proses perangkingan menggunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemudian hasil penjumlahan dari perkalian matriks ternormalisasi “R” dengan vector pembobotan sehingga didapatkan hasil nilai terbesar. Dan didapat hasil perangkingan nilai pada tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 340, "width": 113, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Perangkingan Nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 411, "width": 215, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai terbesar diperoleh Ade Juliana sebagai alternatif terbaik dengan nilai 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.8. Package Diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 472, "width": 215, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diagram yang digunakan untuk pengelompokan model dari use case diagram yang digunakan untuk mempresentasikan aktor dengan sistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 563, "width": 97, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Package Diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 574, "width": 215, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 4 terdapat 3 package diagram yang digunakan untuk melakukan pada penelitian kali ini dengan alur input, proses dan laporan. Pada package input digunakan untuk entri data, package proses untuk hitung metode AHP dan SAW, package laporan untuk hasil dari hitung metode.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.9. Use Case Diagram", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 680, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada diagram yang akan digunakan untuk menggambarkan relasi antara sistem dengan suatu aktor. Dengan diagram ini hanya dapat menggambarkan secara umum, maka elemen – elemen yang akan digunakan pun sangat sedikit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 73, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Use Case Diagram Package Input", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 86, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Use case diagram package input terdiri dari entry data fasilitator, entry data kriteria, dan entry data lokasi. Pada Use case diagram input dapat dilihat pada gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 235, "width": 148, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Use Case Diagram Package Input", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 312, "top": 257, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Use Case Diagram Package Proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 270, "width": 215, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Use case diagram package proses terdiri dari entry pembobotan kriteria pada metode AHP, entry penilaian fasilitator pada metode SAW, entry keputusan untuk menentukan yang terbaik, dan cetak laporan keputusan. Use case diagram package proses dapat dilihat pada gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 452, "width": 153, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Use Case Diagram Package Proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 474, "width": 176, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Use Case Diagram Package Laporan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 487, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Use case diagram laporan terdiri dari cetak laporan perbandingan kriteria, cetak laporan ranking, dan cetak laporan riwayat fasilitator terbaik. Pada Use case diagram laporan dapat dilihat pada gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 628, "width": 157, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Use Case Diagram Package Laporan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 650, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.10. Perancangan Database", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 663, "width": 215, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perancangan database dilakukan untuk keperluan pengembangan sistem. Terdapat 3 perancangan sistem yaitu Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) pada gambar 8, Transformasi ERD pada gambar 9 dan Logical Record Struktur (LRS) pada gambar 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 447", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 191, "width": 154, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 213, "width": 215, "height": 141, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 9, terdapat entitas lokasi memiliki relasi many to many dengan entitas fasilitator menghasilkan entitas baru yaitu lakukan. Entitas fasilitator memiliki relasi many to many dengan kriteria menghasilkan entitas baru yaitu detil_kriteria. Entitas kriteria many to many dengan dirinya sendiri dan menghasilkan entitas baru yaitu banding. Entitas fasilitator memiliki relasi one to many dengan entitas hasil yang merupakan weak entity . Entitas fasilitator memiliki relasi one to many dengan SP atau surat piagam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 493, "width": 99, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Transformasi ERD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 9, transformasi ERD adalah suatu aktifitas untuk membentuk beberapa data dari diagram yang berhubungan dengan entitas ke suatu LRS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 684, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10. Logical Record Struktur (LRS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 695, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 10, LRS untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari 8 tabel yaitu Lokasi, Lakukan, Fasilitator, Detil_Kriteria, Kriteria, Banding, Hasil dan SP atau Surat Piagam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 73, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.11. Struktur Menu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 86, "width": 215, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut gambar 4. merupakan struktur menu atau struktur tampilan yang digunakan dalam sistem penunjang keputusan fasilitator terbaik pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia dapat dilihat pada gambar 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 375, "top": 255, "width": 86, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 11. Struktur menu", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 312, "top": 279, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.12. Rancangan Layar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 292, "width": 215, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rancangan layar adalah sebuah desain tampilan yang berfungsi sebagai antar muka user dengan aplikasi, dari penelitian ini terdapat rancangan layar entri data fasilitator pada gambar 12, rancangan layar pembobotan kriteria pada gambar 13, rancangan layar penilaian fasilitator pada gambar 14, rancangan layar entri Surat Piagam pada gambar 15, rancangan layar daftar data surat piagam pada gambar 16, rancangan layar laporan riwayar fasilitator pada gambar 17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 547, "width": 109, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Entri data fasilitator", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 558, "width": 215, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar 12, rancangan layar entri data fasilitator terdapat nama fasilitator, nomer hp, tahun angkatan, email dan alamat untuk mengisi data – data fasilitator tebaru. Kemudian untuk menyimpan data klik tombol simpan dan data akan masuk ke dalam database . Jika untuk membatalkan entri data fasilitator klik tombol batal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 448", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 264, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 13. pembobotan kriteria", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 275, "width": 215, "height": 233, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada rancangan layar gambar 13. pembobotan kriteria terdapat nilai perbandingan antar kriteria tersedia radio button untuk mengisi nilai kriteria, jika sudah mengisi nilai perbandingan maka klik tombol simpan data untuk memproses nilai dan menyimpan kedalam database . Setelah klik tombol simpan data maka akan muncul nilai matriks kriteria berdasarkan nilai kriteria yang sudah dientri. Terdapat nilai matriks normalisasi beserta bobot dari hasil perkalian matriks kriteria jika sudah maka klik tombol simpan bobot untuk menyimpan bobot atau eigenvector , tombol reset perbandingan untuk membatalkan serta menghapus nilai matriks serta normalisasi. Hasil cek nilai konsistensi untuk melihat nilai pengujian dari metode AHP yang sudah ter input terdapat nilai weighted sum, index consistency (CI) serta rasio konsistensi untuk menentukan apakah nilai konsisten ≤ 0,10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 726, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 14. penilaian fasilitator", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 737, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada rancangan layar gambar 14 penilaian fasilitator. Terdapat pilih periode penilaian fasilitator,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 73, "width": 215, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemudian klik tombol tambah untuk menambahkan data penilaian fasilitator berdasarkan kriteria. Jika sudah tersimpan kedalam database maka akan muncul normalisasi matriks fasilitator dan ranking fasilitator dengan metode SAW. Klik simpan data untuk menyimpan data ranking fasilitator ke dalam database .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 299, "width": 102, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 15. entri surat piagam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 310, "width": 215, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada rancangan layar gambar 15 entri surat piagam, terdapat periode penilaian untuk mencari fasilitator berdasarkan periode, kemudian pilih hasil keputusan dari data alternatif berserta nilai akhir yang sudah melalui proses perhitungan SAW, kemudian note untuk menjelaskan pemilihan fasilitator. Tombol simpan untuk menyimpan data kedalam database, tombol batal untuk membatalkan entri data fasilitator terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 358, "top": 551, "width": 125, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 16. daftar data surat piagam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 562, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada rancangan layar gambar 16 daftar data surat piagam, terdapat data – data yang sudah di input terdapat nomer surat, tanggal surat, periode, serta alasan. Jika ingin mencetak data surat piagam maka klik tombol cetak maka akan tercetak pdf.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 761, "width": 128, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 17. laporan riwayat fasilitator", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 196, "top": 38, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J u r n a l I D E A L I S V o l . 2 N o . 5 , S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 | 449", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 215, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada rancangan layar gambar 17 laporan riwayat fasilitator terdapat combo box untuk memilih periode dan tombol cetak. Periode pertama untuk memilih tahun awal yang akan dicetak, periode ke dua untuk memilih tahun akhir yang akan dicetak. Klik tombol cetak maka laporan akan ter download .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 166, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.13. Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 179, "width": 215, "height": 115, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Yayasan AIDS Indonesia telah dihasilkan masing – masing bobot pada kriteria, yaitu Briefing 6,47%, kriteria Kepribadian 53,87%, kriteria Pengetahuan 18,25%, kriteria Keterampilan 13,88%, kriteria Evaluasi 7,53%. Nilai pada Consistency Index (CI) yaitu 0,1043 dan nilai pada Consistency Ratio (CR) yaitu 0,0931. Nilai pada CR sudah konsisten karena dibawah dari 0,10. Hasil dari metode SAW yaitu diperoleh Ade Juliana dengan nilai 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 308, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 319, "width": 215, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian dan pembahasan analisa yang telah dilakukan untuk memilih fasilitator terbaik dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 359, "width": 219, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Adanya masalah subjektifitas dalam penentuan fasilitator, maka sistem penunjang keputusan ini dapat mengurangi masalah tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 396, "width": 219, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Berdasarkan surat persetujuan kriteria, yang telah ditetapkan oleh pimpinan secara kebutuhan telah disetujui oleh decision maker yaitu Koordinator Campaign . Dengan metode AHP terdapat 5 (lima) kriteria dengan nilai eigenvector (bobot) masing- masing yaitu Briefing dengan bobot 0,0647,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 201, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepribadian dengan bobot 0,538, Pengetahuan dengan bobot 0,1825, Keterampilan dengan bobot 0,1388 dan Evaluasi dengan bobot 0,0753. Dan hasil nilai pembobotan tersebut sudah dapat dinyatakan konsisten dan tidak perlu dilakukan perhitungan ulang dengan nilai pengujian Consistency Ratio yaitu 0,0931.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 558, "width": 219, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Hasil dari penggunaan metode SAW dengan rancangan layar entri surat piagam yaitu Ade", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 73, "width": 201, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juliana merupakan alternatif dengan nilai tertinggi yaitu 1, berdasarkan penilaian alternatif per kriteria.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 110, "width": 219, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Dengan adanya sistem penunjang keputusan ini terdapat laporan ranking fasilitator per periode, laporan riwayat fasilitator sebagai informasi untuk melihat siapa saja fasilitator yang terbaik dari periode ke periode dilihat dengan mencetak laporan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 383, "top": 196, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 219, "width": 215, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] L. A. Latif, M. Jamil and S. H. Abbas, Buku Ajar: Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Teori dan Implementasi, Deepublish, 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 254, "width": 215, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] D. N. Utama, Sistem Penunjang Keputusan: Filosofi Teori dan Implementasi, Garudhawaca, 2017.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 288, "width": 215, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] D. Nofriansyah, Konsep Data Mining Vs Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Deepublish, 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 321, "width": 215, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] F. Frieyadie, “Metode AHP Sebagai Penunjang Keputusan Untuk Penilaian Kinerja Kerja Karyawan SPBU,” Techno Nusa Mandiri: Journal of Computing and Information Technology , vol. 15(1), pp. 63-68, 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 390, "width": 215, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] K. Safitri, F. W. Tinus and M. , “Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Karyawan Berprestasi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hieararchy Process (Studi Kasus: Pt. Capella Dinamik Nusantara Takengon),” Jurnal Media Informatika Budidarma , vol. 1(1), pp. 12-16, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 472, "width": 215, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[6] A. A. Galih, H. Mustafidah and A. Suyadi, “Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Menggunakan Metode SAW,” JUITA, vol. 3(4), pp. 193-200, 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 518, "width": 215, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[7] D. Metode dan Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan , Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 541, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[8] P. S. S. I. F. Univ. Ma Chung, studi Kasus Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Membahas Metode SAW dan TOPSIS, Deepublish, 2018.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 88, "width": 359, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI WEBSITE PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ISO/IEC 9126-4 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENGGUNAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 276, "top": 120, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lisa Devilia *1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 264, "top": 131, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Taqwan Thamrin #2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 145, "width": 158, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Sistem Informasi Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bandar Lampung Jl. Zainal Abidin Pagar Alam No. 26 Labuhan Ratu Bandar Lampung 35142", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 224, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website FIK UBL merupakan website pendidikan dari Fakultas Ilmu Komputer di Universitas Bandar Lampung.Nama domain dari website FIK UBL adalah www.fik.ubl.ac.id. Website FIK UBL merupakan subdomain dari website www.ubl.ac.id. Website tersebut mengunakan ac.id sebagai Country Code Top level domain, domain utamanya adalah UBL, dan Third level domainnya adalah FIK.ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan digunakan untuk mengukur sejauh mana suatu produk memenuhi kebutuhan yang ditentukan pengguna untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Metriks adalah satuan untuk mengukur suatu perangkat lunak. Didalam ISO/IEC 9126-4 terdapat Metriks efektivitas, keamanan, produktivitas, dan kepuasan yang ditentukan dalam konteks metriks kualitas penggunaan. Penulisan Ilmiah ini secara spesifik akan terpusat pada implementasi website FIK UBL berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4 Kualitas Penggunaan pada Metrik Efektivitas. Metrik Efektivitas mengukur ketepatan dan kelengkapan dengan tujuan yang dapat dicapai. Metrik Efektivitas merupakan salah satu dari empat metrik ISO/IEC 9126-4 Kualitas Penggunaan yang dipilih untuk dilakukan implementasi pada penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 238, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword : Website, ISO/IEC 9126-4, Kualitas Penggunaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 417, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 210, "height": 331, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknologi semakin berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan kita. Dalam memasuki dunia globalisasi, kita mengenal teknologi yang semakin maju untuk mempermudah melakukan berbagai kegiatan dalam kehidupan. Kemajuan di bidang transportasi, komunikasi, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan bidang lainnya merupakan contoh bahwa kita semakin memerlukan teknologi dalam kehidupan ini. Peranan teknologi dalam kehidupan manusia tidaklah diragukan lagi.Saat ini dunia telah mengenal suatu teknologi yang dinamakan internet. Dengan internet ini semua orang dapat berkomunikasi dengan orang lain yang berada di berbagai belahan dunia. Melalui media ini, mereka dapat memperoleh dan menyampaikan berbagai informasi yang dibutuhkan kapan saja dan dimana saja. Dengan jaringan yang global, internet dapat diakses setiap saat. Begitu memerlukan informasi tertentu, kita hanya perlu mengakses internet dan dengan cepat kita dapat memperoleh informasi apapun yang kita butuhkan.Informasi merupakan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Kebutuhan informasi menjadi masalah ketika kebutuhan tersebut tidak dapat terpenuhi.Internet memiliki berbagai layanan informasi, salah satunya disajikan melalui Website atau World Wide Web (WWW). Website adalah salah satu sumber daya internet yang paling cepat berkembang dan populer. Informasi web", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 416, "width": 208, "height": 354, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "didistribusikan melalui pendekatan hypertext, yang memungkinkan suatu teks pendekatan menjadi acuan untuk membuka dokumen yang lain. Dengan adanya hypertext ini seseorang dapat memperoleh informasi dengan meloncat dari suatu dokumen ke dokumen yang lain (Kadir : 2003, 4). Semua informasi yang ada di Internet medianya adalah Website. Melihat begitu pesatnya perkembangan website sekarang ini, setiap penguna harus mampu memilih website mana yang berkualitas dan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan informasi mereka. Website pendidikan memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh mahasiswa Universitas. Informasi mengenai pendidikan merupakan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh mahasiswa. Mahasiswa menghadapi kebutuhan informasi setiap hari dalam proses belajar mengajar. Selain sumber informasi yang berasal dari kampus, sekarang ini berkembang teknologi internet yang memberikan kemudahan dan keleluasaan dalam memberikan informasi seputar kampus.Website pendidikan di universitas berisi informasi-informasi seputar kampus. Sehingga mahasiswa kampus tersebut dapat mengetahui informasi hanya dengan mengakses website tersebut saja. Kualitas pelayanan dalam penyebaran informasi yang ada di website internet kampus telah menjadi kebutuhan yang sangat penting, karena hal tersebut berdampak terhadap tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa dan masyarakat luar. Pada akhirnya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 210, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tersebut menjadi indikator keberhasilan kampus dalam meningkatkan Citra kampus di dunia internet. Website pendidikan yang akan diteliti adalah website FIK UBL. Di Universitas Bandar Lampung, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer merupakan satu-satunya fakultas yang memiliki website fakultas yang berbeda dari website kampus UBL. Untuk itu, membangun website membutuhkan informasi yang tepat dan dapat diandalkan. ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) dan IEC (International", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 202, "width": 209, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Electrotechnical Commission) adalah lembaga standarisasi di dunia. ISO 9126 Software engineering - Product Quality adalah standar internasional untuk mengevaluasi kualitas perangkat lunak. Standar internasional ini terbagi menjadi 4 bagian yaitu model kualitas (ISO/IEC 9126-1), Metrik Eksternal (ISO/IEC 9126-2), Metrik Internal (ISO/IEC 9126-3), dan Metrik Kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan (ISO/IEC 9126-4). Bagian yang akan diteliti untuk website FIK UBL yaitu, ISO/IEC 9126-4. ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan adalah Standar Internasional yang diterbitkan oleh ISO dan IEC untuk pengukuran perangkat lunak mengenai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kualitas penggunaan.Pada penelitian dengan judul “ANALISIS WEBSITE PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ISO/IEC 9126-4 UNTUK", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 208, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGUKURAN KUALITAS PENGGUNAAN” (Lisa Devilia, 2012), kesesuaian level website FIK UBL telah diuji berdasarkan metriks-metriks didalam ISO/IEC 9126-4. Namun penelitian tersebut menghasilkan ketidaksesuaian level beberapa metriks dari ISO/IEC 9126-4. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini website kampus FIK UBL akan diimplementasikan berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metriks Kualitas Penggunaan. Sehingga Level-level kualitas dari website FIK UBL akan menghasilkan level yang sesuai dengan ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 554, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Identifikasi Masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 208, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, identifikasi masalah yang muncul dalam Penelitian ini adalah: a. Belum tercapainya kesesuaian level yang dibutuhkan didalam ISO/IEC 9126-4 Kualitas Penggunaan yang terdapat pada website Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bandar Lampung, yaitu www.fik.ubl.ac.id.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Belum pernah dilakukan implementasi kualitas penggunaan website FIK UBL menurut ISO/IEC 9126-4 Kualitas Penggunaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 97, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Batasan Masalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 208, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menghindari penyimpangan dari tujuan yang sebenarnya serta keterbatasan pengetahuan, maka Penelitian ini terfokus pada implementasi website www.fik.ubl.ac.id berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4 Kualitas Penggunaan pada metriks efektivitas, produktivitas, dan kepuasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 99, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 110, "width": 208, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumusan Masalah yang ada didalam Penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 133, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Bagaimanakah implementasi www.fik.ubl.ac.id berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 168, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Apakah sudah tercapai kesesuaian level website pendidikan yang terdapat pada website Fakultas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 191, "width": 194, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ilmu Komputer, yaitu www.fik.ubl.ac.id setelah dilakukan implementasi terhadap ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan?", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 237, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 251, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tujuan Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 264, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 275, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mengimplementasikan website FIK UBL www.fik.ubl.ac.id agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan level dari ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 321, "width": 198, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengevaluasi implementasi website Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, yaitu www.fik.ubl.ac.idterhadap level kesesuaian dari ISO/IEC 9126-4 Metrik Kualitas Penggunaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 379, "width": 105, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Manfaat Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 390, "width": 105, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini diharapkan:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 402, "width": 208, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Manfaat Praktis Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai tolak ukur tingkatan kualitas penggunaan website pendidikan berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 448, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Manfaat Teoritis dari Penelitian ini adalah diharapkan Penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan suatu metode pengukuran baru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 483, "width": 208, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Kerangka Pemikiran Berdasarkan uraian tersebut diatas, maka dapat disusun suatu kerangka pemikiran guna memperbaiki kesesuaian level pada penelitian “ANALISIS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 526, "width": 208, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "WEBSITE PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ISO/IEC 9126-4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 490, "top": 540, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UNTUK", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 549, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGUKURAN KUALITAS PENGGUNAAN”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 563, "width": 208, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Lisa Devilia, 2012), agar dapat memenuhi level- level metriks yang dibutuhkan dalam ISO/IEC 9126-4.Didalam ISO/IEC 9126-4 terdapat empat metriks, yaitu metriks efektivitas, produktivitas, keamanan, dan kepuasan. Namun dalam penelitian sebelumnya hanya satu metriks yang memiliki level yang sesuai dengan ISO/IEC 9126-4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 643, "width": 208, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun Kerangka pemikiran seperti gambar dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 127, "top": 237, "width": 125, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1.1 Kerangka Pemikiran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 208, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tinjauan Pustaka", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 307, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian terdahulu yang telah dilakukan atau yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini antara lain :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 208, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Penelitian Barnes dan Vidgen (2001), WebQual adalah instrumen untuk menilai kualitas website dari perspektif pengguna. WebQual yang menggabungkan tiga dimensi kualitas, antara lain kualitas informasi, kualitas interaksi, dan desain website yang berkualitas. Metode WebQual dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap, yaitu WebQual 1.0 yang menitikberatkan analisa kualitas informasi dan memiliki kekurangan di interaksi layanan, WebQual 2.0", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menurut Olsina dan Rossi (2002), Salah satu metode dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas website adalah Metode Evaluasi Kualitas Web (WebQEM). WebQEM adalah strategi evaluasi kuantitatif untuk menilai website dan kualitas aplikasi. Mendefinisikan dan mengukur indikator kualitas yang dapat membantu kepentingan stakeholder dan meningkatkan produk Web.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 209, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Menurut Sari, Dewi Kemala (2000), menyatakan bahwa web yang bermutu dapat dinilai dari 5 indikator yang meliputi aspek fungsi (functionality) yang sesuai dengan tujuan, desain (design) yang menarik, isi website (content) yang memenuhi kebutuhan pengunjung, originalitas web (originality) yang menunjukkan produk yang khas sebuah karya yang tidak duplikatif dari web lain, serta profesionalisme dan efektivitas (professionalism & effectiveness). (Jha, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 88, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Landasan Teori", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 99, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Defini Website", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 110, "width": 208, "height": 216, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website atau World Wide Web adalah salah satu sumber daya internet yang paling cepat berkembang dan populer. Informasi web didistribusikan melalui pendekatan hypertext, yang memungkinkan suatu teks pendekatan menjadi acuan untuk membuka dokumen yang lain. Dengan adanya hypertext ini seseorang dapat memperoleh informasi dengan meloncat dari suatu dokumen ke dokumen yang lain (Kadir : 2003, 4). Pendapat tersebut di atas sejalan dengan apa yang dikemukakan oleh Rasiman (2005 : 9), bahwa dengan fasilitas www ini, host internet dapat dikunjungi dan menyajikan informasi dalam berbagai bentuk seperti teks, gambar, bunyi, musik animasi, dan video, yang penyajian informasinya menggunakan bahasa HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). Dan dapat diakses dengan menggunakan HTTP (hypertext transmission protocol atau hypertext transfer protocol).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 329, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Unsur-Unsur Website", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 340, "width": 208, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AHP ( Analytical Hierarkhi Process ) pada dasarnya proses pengambilan keputusan adalah memilih suatu alternatif. Peralatan utama AHP adalah sebuah hierarki fungsional dengan input utamanya persepsi manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 408, "width": 208, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Domain Domain adalah nama unik yang diberikan untuk mengidentifikasi nama server komputer seperti web server atau email server di internet. Domain memberikan kemudahkan pengguna di internet untuk melakukan akses ke server dan mengingat server yang dikunjungi dibandingan harus mengenal deretan nomor atau yang dikenal IP. Domain terbagi menjadi tiga jenis level, yaitu Top level domain, Second Level Domain, dan Third Level Domain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 540, "width": 208, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Hosting Hosting adalah tempat anda menyimpan skrip atau media lainnya (gambar, mp3, video, dan sebagainya di internet (Agha A. Natasyah, 2010).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 592, "width": 208, "height": 154, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besarnya data yang dapat masuk, tergantung dari besarnya hosting yang disewa/dipunyai, semakin besar hosting semakin besar pula data yang dapat dimasukkan dan ditampilkan pada website. Besarnya hosting ditentukan ruangan harddisk dengan ukuran MB (Mega Byte) atau GB (Giga Byte). Hosting juga dapat diperoleh dengan menyewa. Lama penyewaan hosting rata-rata dihitung pertahun. Penyewaan hosting dilakukan melalui perusahaan-perusahaan penyewa web hosting yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia maupun di luar negeri (Pardosi, 2001 : 288).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 208, "height": 251, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Script/Bahasa Program Script adalah bahasa yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan setiap perintah dalam website pada saat diakses. Jenis script sangat menentukan statis, dinamis atau interaktifnya sebuah website. Semakin banyak ragam script yang digunakan maka akan terlihat website semakin dinamis, dan interaktif serta terlihat bagus. Kualitas website dapat terlihat dengan tanggapan pengunjung serta frekuensi kunjungan. Jenis jenis script yang banyak dipakai para designer antara lain HTML, ASP, PHP, JSP, Java Script, Java applet dan sebagainya. Bahasa dasar yang dipakai setiap website adalah HTML sedangkan ASP dan lainnya merupakan bahasa pendukung yang bertindak sebagai pengatur dinamis, dan interaktifnya website. Bahasa program ASP, PHP, JSP atau lainnya bisa dibuat sendiri. Script biasanya digunakan untuk membangun portal berita, artikel, forum diskusi, buku tamu, anggota organisasi, email, mailing list dan sebagainya yang memerlukan update setiap saat (Saputro : 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Desain Web", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 208, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah melakukan penyewaan domain dan hosting serta penguasaan script, unsur website yang paling penting dan utama adalah desain.Desain web sangat menentukan kualitas dan keindahan website. Desain sangat berpengaruh kepada penilaian pengunjung akan bagus tidaknya sebuah website. Untuk membuat website dapat dilakukan sendiri atau menyewa jasa web designer. Kualitas website sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas designer. Jasa web designer pada umumnya memerlukan biaya yang tertinggi dari seluruh biaya pembangunan website. Namun itu semua tergantung pada kualitas web designer (Suyanto, 2007:3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 537, "width": 208, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Program Transfer Data Kepusat Setelah website selesai dibuat, maka perlu diletakkan di rumah hosting versi online agar dapat diakses oleh pengguna di seluruh dunia. Untuk itu pengguna akan diberikan akses FTP (File Transfer Protocol) setelah memesan sebuah web hosting untuk memindahkan file-file website ke pusat data web hosting. Untuk dapat menggunakan FTP diperlukan sebuah program FTP, misalnya WS FTP, Smart FTP, Cute FTP, dan lain lain. Program FTP ini banyak ditemui di internet dengan status penggunaan gratis maupun berbayar (Pardosi, 2001:289).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f) Publikasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 698, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keefektifan suatu website sangat tergantung dari besarnya jumlah pengunjung dan komentar yang masuk. Karena itu perlu mengenalkan website tersebut kepada masyarakat pengguna, yang dapat dilakukan melalui publikasi atau promosi. Publikasi website dapat dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 87, "width": 208, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan cara seperti menyebarkan pamflet, selebaran, baliho dan sebagainya. Namun cara yang paling efektif dan efesien adalah publikasi langsung di internet melalui search engine (Yahoo, Google, Search Indonesia, dan sebagainya) karena tidak terbatas akan ruang dan waktu. Publikasi melalui search engine ada yang gratis dan membayar. Yang gratis biasanya terbatas dan cukup lama untuk dapat masuk dan dikenali oleh search engine terkenal. Cara publikasi yang efektif adalah dengan membayar, walaupun harus mengeluarkan dana akan tetapi website cepat masuk ke search engine dan dikenal oleh pengunjung (Saputro : 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 260, "width": 133, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 283, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Analisa Kebutuhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 294, "width": 208, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belum tercapainya level kualitas penggunaan pada penelitian sebelumnya, Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan implementasi website FIK UBL terhadap ISO/IEC 9126-4. Perbaikan tersebut antara lain:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 362, "width": 208, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pada metrik efektivitas, didalam website FIK UBL masih terdapat bagian-bagian dari website tersebut yang belum tepat, efektif, dan terdapat error yang terjadi, sehingga didalam penelitian ini akan mengimplementasikan bagian-bagian yang lebih tepat, efektif, dan tidak lagi terdapat error didalamnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 454, "width": 208, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pada metrik produktivitas, didalam website FIK UBL masih belum produktif dari segi biaya, waktu, efisiensi, dan produktivitas ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, didalam penelitian ini akan mengimplementasikan website yang lebih produktif dari segi biaya, waktu, efisiensi, dan produktivitas ekonomi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 534, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pada penelitian tidak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 340, "top": 534, "width": 187, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akan mengimplementasikan pada metriks keamanan, dikarenakan metriks keamanan bukan hanya diimplementasikan dari segi pembuatan website namun dari user dan pembuatannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 603, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pada metrik kepuasan, didalam website FIK UBL sudah memuaskan para usernya, namun pada penelitian ini tetap akan memberikan kepuasan terhadap website kepada usernya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 661, "width": 208, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan implementasi, didalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan evaluasi website FIK UBL kembali. Sehingga dapat diketahui hasil level implementasi kualitas penggunaan website FIK UBL berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4 sudah sesuai atau belum dengan level yang dibutuhkan oleh ISO/IEC 9126-4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 208, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Perancangan Penelitian Didalam penelitian ini, perancangan antarmuka website FIK UBL menggunakan CMS Joomla!. Joomla! Merupakan salah satu aplikasi web developer berbasis Content Management System yang banyak digunakan dalam membuat web sederhana dan kompleks, seperti web portal. CMS Joomla! yang digunakan merupakan versi terbaru, yaitu versi Joomla! 2.5. Template Joomla! yang digunakan adalah template endos. CMS Joomla! terdiri dari Back-End dan Front-End. Back-End adalah bagian website yang khusus diperuntukan bagi administrator untuk mengelola website-nya (management web). Sedangkan Front- End merupakan tampilan website sesungguhnya, karena tampilan jendela Front-End ini yang akan dilihat oleh publik (pengunjung). Berikut tampilan dari Backend Joomla!.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 442, "width": 179, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3.1. Screen Shot Tampilan Back-End Joomla!", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 182, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3.2 Screen Shot Tampilan Front-End User", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 106, "top": 667, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemodelan dengan UML", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mampu memberikan visualisasi, spesifikasi, konstruksi dan dokumentasi dari sebuah sistem perangkat lunak. UML merupakan sebuah \"bahasa\" yang telah menjadi standar dalam industri untuk visualisasi, merancang dan mendokumentasikan sistem piranti lunak.Dengan menggunakan UML dapat dibuat model untuk semua jenis aplikasi piranti lunak, dimana aplikasi tersebut dapat berjalan pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 87, "width": 208, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "piranti keras, sistem operasi dan jaringan apapun, serta ditulis dalam bahasa pemrograman apapun.Model UML terdiri atas banyak elemen- elemen grafis yang digabungkan membentuk diagram.Tujuan representasi elemen elemen grafis ke dalam diagram adalah untuk menyajikan beragam sudut pandang dari sebuah sistem berdasarkan fungsi masing-masing diagram tersebut.Kumpulan dari beragam sudut pandang inilah yang disebut sebuah model. UML yang dipakai di penelitian inisebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 224, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Use Case Diagram", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 235, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Activity Diagram", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 257, "width": 208, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Use Case adalah perilaku atau apa yang dikerjakan oleh pengguna sistem aplikasi, termasuk interaksi antara Aktor dengan software aplikasi tersebut. Dengan diagram use case ini dapat diketahui proses yang terjadi pada aplikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 482, "width": 152, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3.3 Use Case Diagram website", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 504, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity diagram adalah salah satu cara untuk memodelkan event- event yang terjadi dalam suatu use case. Secara esensial, activity diagram mirip dengan diagram alir (flowchart) karena memperlihatkan aliran kendali dari suatu aktifitas ke aktifitas lainnya (Nugroho, 2005:61). Berikut adalah activity diagram secara keseluruhan proses yang terjadi di dalam implementasi website FIK UBL berbasis ISO/IEC 9126-4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 748, "width": 146, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3.4 Activity Diagram Admin", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 322, "top": 326, "width": 193, "height": 390, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "uc Actors User Admin Login Memodifikasi Website Memodifikasi user w ebsite Menampilkan w ebsite Melihat dokumentasi foto Menampilkan Halaman Forum Membuat Topik Baru di Forum Menulis Komentar di Forum Mendow nload Form Pendaftaran Memodifikasi Forum Login di Halaman Forum a c t Sys te m Ak s e s Ha la ma n Admin Input Login M e na mpilk a n Ha la ma n We b Admin ve ri fi ka si M e modifik a s i We b M e na mpilk a n We b Logout T F", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 165, "top": 205, "width": 51, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3.5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 216, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity Diagram User", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Variabel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel Penelitian yang dipakai dalam Penelitian ini terdapat didalam ISO 9126-4 tentang pengukuran kualitas penggunaan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Metrik Efektivitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 208, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metrik Efektivitas menilai apakah tugas-tugas yang dilakukan oleh pengguna mencapai tujuan tertentu dengan akurasi dan kelengkapan dalam konteks tertentu digunakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Metrik Produktivitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 208, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metrik produktivitas menilai sumber daya yang pengguna konsumsi dalam kaitannya dengan efektivitas yang dicapai dalam konteks tertentu yang digunakan. Sumber daya yang paling umum adalah waktu untuk menyelesaikan tugas, meskipun sumber daya yang relevan lainnya dapat mencakup usaha pengguna, bahan atau biaya penggunaan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 443, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Metrik Kepuasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 208, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metrik kepuasan menilai sikap pengguna terhadap penggunaan produk dalam konteks penggunaan tertentu.Kepuasan dipengaruhi oleh persepsi pengguna tentang sifat-sifat produk perangkat lunak (seperti yang diukur dengan metrik eksternal) tentang efisiensi, produktivitas, dan keselamatan dalam penggunaan.Metrik Kepuasan dibagi menjadi berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Skala Kepuasan Di subvariabel ini mengunakan metode elemen data perhitungan yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 581, "width": 73, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X = A / B Keterangan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 604, "width": 180, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A = kuesioner memproduksi skala psikometrik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 627, "width": 208, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B = rata-rata populasi b. Kuesioner Kepuasan Di subvariabel ini mengunakan metode elemen data perhitungan yaitu: X = Σ(A i ) / n Keterangan: A i = tanggapan terhadap pertanyaan n = jumlah tanggapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kebijaksanaan Dalam Penggunaan Di subvariabel ini mengunakan metode elemen data perhitungan yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 754, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X = A / B", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 347, "top": 87, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 347, "top": 99, "width": 180, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A = jumlah penggunaan perangkat lunak digunakan B = jumlah pengguna diharapkan menggunakan perangkat lunak.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 151, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 163, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Website FIK UBL", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 175, "width": 208, "height": 193, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website FIK UBL merupakan website pendidikan dari Fakultas Ilmu Komputer di Universitas Bandar Lampung. Nama domain dari website FIK UBL adalah www.fik.ubl.ac.id. Website FIK UBL merupakan subdomain dari website www.ubl.ac.id. Website tersebut mengunakan ac.id sebagai Country Code Top level domain, domain utamanya adalah UBL, dan Third level domainnya adalah FIK. Website FIK UBL mempunyai Hosting Server di provider Nusanet. Dari segi design website FIK UBL juga memakai CMS, yaitu CMS Joomla!. Dalam proses membangun sistem website ini dibutuhkan beberapa software seperti, Xampp 1.7.7, CMS Joomla! 2.5, serta Mozilla Firefox. Implementasi website FIK UBL terhadap ISO/IEC 9126-4 pada www.fik.ubl.ac.id/fik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 377, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Struktur Menu Website", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 389, "width": 208, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain menu dalam perancangan website FIK UBL berbasis ISO 9126-4 untuk Front-End website User sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 455, "width": 150, "height": 4, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beranda Program Studi Profil FIK Dokumentasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 355, "top": 425, "width": 158, "height": 166, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Forum Struktur Organisasi Visi dan Misi Testimonial Alumni Download Form Pendaftaran S1 Teknik Informatika S1 Sistem Informasi Menu Gambar 4.1 Struktur Menu Front-End website", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 319, "top": 605, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Kuesioner", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 616, "width": 208, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner, diperoleh hasil respons dari user website FIK UBL. Kuesioner ini terdiri dari 7 pertanyaan yang memuat metriks efektivitas, produktivitas, dan kepuasan. Didalam Kuesioner terdapat skala 1-9, yang setelah dianalisa skala tersebut diterjemahkan menjadi 3 jenis Level yaitu Low, Medium, dan High. Low (L) merupakan skala 1-3, Medium (M) merupakan skala 4-6, dan High (H) merupakan skala 7-9 yang terdapat didalam kuesioner. Hasil data kuesioner dapat disimpulkan didalam grafik untuk setiap pertanyaannya seperti dibawah ini:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 101, "top": 88, "width": 96, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "act System Akses Web Menampilkan Web Medow nload Form", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 134, "top": 160, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendaftaran Melihat Dokumentasi Foto Menampilkan Halaman Forum Membuat Topik Baru di Forum Login di Halaman Forum Menulis Komentar di Forum", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 222, "width": 171, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4.2 Grafik Persentase Respon User Kuesioner Pertanyaan 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 369, "width": 171, "height": 254, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4.3 Grafik Persentase Respon User Kuesioner Pertanyaan 2 Gambar 4.4 Grafik Persentase Respon User Kuesioner Pertanyaan 3 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Level Kuesioner Metriks Level Efektivitas H Produktivitas H Kepuasan M", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 208, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kesimpulan Setelah mengimplementasi website FIK UBL berdasarkan ISO/IEC 9126-4 dan menganalisa hasil kuesioner, hasil kuesioner tersebut dibandingkan dengan level yang dibutuhkan didalam standar ISO/IEC 9126-4. Berdasarkan Penelitian secara keseluruhan menghasilkan beberapa temuan penting yang dapat dirumuskan dalam kesimpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 87, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Metriks Efektivitas didalam penelitian ini menghasilkan level High, sedangkan Level yang dibutuhkan adalah High. Sehingga", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 347, "top": 122, "width": 180, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian menyatakan Metriks", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 347, "top": 133, "width": 180, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivitas pada website FIK UBL sesuai dengan standar ISO/IEC 9126-4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 156, "width": 208, "height": 136, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Metriks Produktivitas didalam penelitian ini menghasilkan level High, sedangkan Level yang dibutuhkan adalah High. Sehingga Hasil Penelitian menyatakan Metriks Produktivitas pada website FIK UBL sesuai dengan standar ISO/IEC 9126-4. 3. Metriks Kepuasan didalam penelitian menghasilkan level Medium, sedangkan Level yang dibutuhkan adalah Medium. Sehingga Hasil Penelitian menyatakan website FIK UBL di Metriks Kepuasan sesuai dengan standar ISO/IEC 9126-4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 294, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Dari 3 Metriks Standar ISO/IEC 9126-4 yang diteliti, Semua Metriks yang diimplementasikan terhadap website FIK", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 347, "top": 329, "width": 180, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UBL sudah sesuai dengan Standar ISO/IEC", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 347, "top": 340, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9126-4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 352, "width": 127, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Saran Adapun saran-saran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 464, "top": 363, "width": 63, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 375, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "disampaikan oleh penulis adalah:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 386, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bagi Penelitian terhadap website FIK UBL mendatang seharusnya dapat diperluas lagi ke metriks lainnya pada ISO/IEC 9126.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 421, "width": 208, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Untuk komponen dari website FIK UBL masih bisa ditambah agar kualitas penggunaan dari website tersebut menjadi lebih baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 477, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 498, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. 9126-4: Software Engineering - Software Product Quality - Part 4: Quality In Use Metrics . 2002. Canada: ISO/IEC", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 533, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. 9126-3: Software Engineering - Software Product Quality - Part 3: Internal metrics . 2002. Canada: ISO/IEC.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 567, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. 9126-2: Software Engineering - Software Product Quality - Part 2: External Metrics . 2001. Canada: ISO/IEC.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 602, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. 9126-1: Software Engineering - Software Product quality - Part 1: Quality Model . 2000. Canada: ISO/IEC.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 636, "width": 207, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Simarmata, Janner. 2007. Rekayasa Perangkat lunak. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 659, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Barnes, Stuart & Vidgen, Richard. WebQual: An Exploration of Web-site Quality. United Kingdom: School of Management, University of Bath.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 705, "width": 208, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Olsina, Luis & Rossi, Gustavo.2002.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 717, "width": 194, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Measuring Web Application Quality with WebQEM . Argentina: La Pampa National University & La Plata National University", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 149, "width": 88, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16,66 % 23,34 % 60%", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 142, "top": 96, "width": 93, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persentase Respon User", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 151, "width": 34, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Low Medium High", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 141, "top": 257, "width": 124, "height": 232, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13,33 % 23,34 % 63,34 % Persentase Respon User Low Medium High 6,67% 50% 43,33 % Persentase Respon User Low Medium", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 228, "top": 489, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "High", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 37, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Expert-Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Barnes, Stuart & Vidgen, Richard. 2000. Assessing The Quality of Auction Web Sites. United Kingdom: School of Management,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 122, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "University of Bath.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 190, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Bevan, Nigel. 2000 . Quality In Use For All.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Sari, Dewi Kemala. 2000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 145, "width": 194, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Situs Chem-is-try.org dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi oleh Mahasiswa Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) USU . Medan: Universitas Sumatra Utara.", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, (2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.36257/apts.vxix", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 761, "width": 100, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2622-5646 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 759, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 91, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2721-0448 (Print)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 100, "width": 349, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU SDN 130 PALEMBANG MELALUI PELATIHAN KOMPUTER MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI MICROSOFT WORD", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 170, "top": 166, "width": 262, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lindawati 1) , Irma Salamah 2) , Asriyadi 3) , Mohammad Fadhli 4) 1, 2, 3, 4 Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya email: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 239, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 435, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Along with rapid development computer technology, teachers are highly demanded to improve their competencies to become professionals. As the foundation of education, elementary school teachers deserve attention, in this case including the 130 Palembang Primary School teachers. Attention to these teachers shows that the majority of Palembang 130 Primary School teachers still do not utilize computer technology for the learning process. The limited ability is very possible due to the suboptimal use of software that is commonly used (user friendly) in learning activities. In fact, there are several user friendly software that can be used to facilitate teachers in administering learning activities, one of which is the Microsoft Word application. Based on this, a dedication needs to be made aimed at providing computer training for teachers of Palembang 130 Primary School using the Microsoft Word application. Computer training materials using the Microsoft Word application include the following three things: getting to know Microsoft Word, making activity reports, letters and tables and processing words from composition, editing, formatting, and printing results. By holding training for the Palembang 130 Elementary School teachers, it can facilitate the teachers in administering learning activities so that it can be done quickly and efficiently.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: user friendly, microsoft word, software", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 201, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknologi informasi yang semakin berkembang pada saat ini, pada umumnya harus juga diiringi dengan perkembangan teknologi komputer. Komputer merupakan alat bantu yang bisa digunakan dalam berbagai bidang untuk beraktifitas. Salah satu bidang yang banyak memperoleh manfaat dari perkembangan teknologi informasi berbasis komputer tersebut adalah bidang pendidikan. Saat ini perkembangan teknologi informasi telah merubah paradigma proses pendidikan di Indonesia yaitu dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 202, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tradisional menuju pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi. Oleh karena itu penguasaan pengajar atau guru dalam menggunakan peralatan yang menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang berbasis komputer sangat diperlukan. [1] dalam [2] mengemukakan beberapa manfaat pembelajaran berbasis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 479, "width": 202, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yaitu guru lebih mudah dalam mengajar dengan membuat presentasi, memudahkan dalam mencari sumber informasi atau referensi dengan adanya fasilitas internet dan teknologi informasi dalam proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 574, "width": 202, "height": 165, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kehadiran ICT ( Information and Communication Technology ) dalam dunia pendidikan memudahkan guru dalam melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran. Di dalam [3] , [4] menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan ICT secara optimal akan mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Pengunaan dan pemanfaatan komputer di bidang teknologi informasi juga secara maksimum akan sangat membantu kinerja guru di dalam melakukan proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran yang pada akhirnya diharapkan akan memberikan kontribusi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, (2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.36257/apts.vxix", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 761, "width": 100, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2622-5646 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 759, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 91, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2721-0448 (Print)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 201, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berupa perubahan yang meningkat di bidang prestasi [5] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 204, "height": 441, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat pendidikan yang pada saat ini mulai memanfaatkan perkembangan dalam teknologi informasi berbasis komputer adalah tingkat pendidikan sekolah dasar. Sekolah dasar memiliki peranan penting dan strategis dalam menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Dianggap memiliki peranan penting dan strategis karena pada tingkat pendidikan sekolah dasar ini, para peserta didik akan mulai mengenal proses pembelajaran dan mengalami tahap awal pengalaman belajar. Pada tahap awal pembelajaran tingkat pendidikan sekolah dasar ini, para peserta didik akan mulai diperkenalkan berbagai konsep dasar pembelajaran yang diantaranya berupa membaca, menulis dan berhitung. Berawal dari berbagai konsep dasar yang telah diperoleh tersebut maka selanjutnya para peserta didik juga akan diperkenalkan berbagai konsep yang lebih kompleks sehingga setelah menyelesaikan pendidikan sekolah dasarnya, para peserta didik dapat melanjutkan ke tingkat pendidikan berikutnya. Penggunaan teknologi informasi berbasis komputer di sekolah dasar akan menambah inovasi-inovasi baru dalam belajar dan mengajar. Para guru dapat mengintegrasikan teknologi informasi dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pemicu yang akan mendorong keinginan belajar para peserta didik, sehingga pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat meningkatkan prestasi dari para peserta didik tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 201, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan komputer di kalangan guru sekolah dasar juga dirasa semakin penting, hal ini dikarenakan selain harus memiliki kemampuan komputer untuk kepentingan belajar mengajar, guru juga dituntut untuk mampu menggunakan komputer di dalam melaksanakan kegiatan administrasi di sekolah dasar. Kegiatan administrasi sekolah dasar berupa kegiatan penyusunan rencana pembelajaran, administrasi data diri siswa, administrasi nilai yaitu mengolah nilai rapor siswa dengan proses input nilai siswa, penghitungan nilai rata-rata siswa dan penentuan tingkat ranking siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 88, "width": 201, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan akan hal-hal ini maka para guru sekolah dasar dituntut dan dianggap penting untuk memiliki kemampuan dalam bidang teknologi informasi yang berbasis komputer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 144, "width": 204, "height": 365, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan atau penguasaan komputer bagi guru sekolah dasar dapat berupa keahlian pengoperasian penggunaan aplikasi yang pada umumnya telah biasa digunakan ( user friendly ) di berbagai bidang kegiatan kehidupan, termasuk di bidang pendidikan. Salah satu dari aplikasi yang biasa digunakan dalam mendukung bidang pendidikan terutama di dalam proses pembelajaran adalah aplikasi microsoft word [6]. Akan tetapi kondisi ini di dalam kenyataannya menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar guru sekolah dasar masih belum mempunyai kemampuan dalam menggunakan komputer dan pengoperasian berbagai program komputer, terutama penggunaan program komputer yang menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word . Keterbatasan kemampuan dari para guru sekolah dasar ini dapat mengakibatkan akan tidak optimalnya proses sistem pembelajaran, tentu saja hal ini dapat berpengaruh terhadap para peserta didik. Peserta didik akan merasa lebih termotivasi jika materi di dalam pembelajaran disampaikan dengan menggunakan media komputer. Berdasarkan beberapa survey bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi akan menambah menit peserta didik [7][8].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 536, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IDENTIFIKASI MASALAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 559, "width": 204, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya kemampuan sebagian besar guru sekolah dasar menggunakan teknologi informasi berbasis komputer dalam proses belajar mengajar, menjadi suatu permasalahan yang harus diatasi demi meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 635, "width": 202, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini sebelumnya juga dilakukan pada [9] yang menyatakan bahwa profesionalisme guru tidak tergantung kepada sertifikasi, dimana sertifikasi masih belum dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme guru secara signifikan. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan karena kebijakan sertifikasi terlihat hanya mengejar kesejahteraan materi saja, sementara kualitas pembelajaran masih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, (2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.36257/apts.vxix", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 761, "width": 100, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2622-5646 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 759, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 91, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2721-0448 (Print)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rendah. Akan hal ini, dengan demikian dianggap perlu dilakukan peningkatan profesionalisme terhadap guru sekolah dasar yang merupakan ujung tombak dari pendidikan dasar. Salah satu sekolah dasar yang perlu ditingkatkan profesionalisme guru dalam menyiapkan materi pembelajaran adalah para guru di SD Negeri 130 Palembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 204, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada uraian analisis situasi tersebut di atas, adapun yang menjadi persoalan prioritas para guru di SD Negeri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 246, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "130", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 246, "width": 164, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Palembang adalah lemahnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 201, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kemampuan para guru dalam menyiapkan materi dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru masih belum bisa menggunakan aplikasi komputer microsoft word dalam hal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengolahan kata untuk melakukan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 201, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengetikan laporan kegiatan dan materi mengajar guru. Solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah melakukan kegiatan berupa program pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word . Materi pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word tersebut meliputi tiga hal sebagai berikut: a. Mengenal microsoft word", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 201, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Membuat laporan kegiatan, surat, tabel dan lain-lain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 201, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Mengolah kata dari komposisi, mengedit, memformat, dan mencetak hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODELOGI PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 202, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan dalam bentuk pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word ini d ilakukan seperti pada bagan berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 549, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 572, "width": 202, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan, anggota tim pengabdian masyarakat melakukan beberapa sesi/tahap kegiatan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada tahap awal adalah berupa penyampaian materi dan pengenalan aplikasi microsoft word kepada para guru SDN 130", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 647, "width": 202, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Palembang. Tahap ini dilakukan juga dengan cara diskusi ataupun tanya jawab. Pengenalan aplikasi microsoft word tersebut berupa beberapa istilah yang dipakai dalam mengoperasikan microsoft word yaitu hotkey / shortcut , toolbar dan ruler margin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 102, "width": 174, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap persiapan: penelusuran literatur, menyiapkan dan menyusun kelengkapan dokumen untuk pelaksanaan program pengabdian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 259, "width": 174, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelatihan: memberikan penjelasan secara lisan dan tertulis dengan menggunakan slide dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 280, "width": 174, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendampingan, sesuai dengan kesepakatan waktu dan tempat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 170, "width": 174, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Survey awal: mendatangi tempat untuk pelaksanaan pelatihan, membuat kesepakatan kapan akan dilaksanakan pelatihan, dan mempersiapkan materi yang akan diberikan pada pelatihan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 327, "width": 174, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Praktek : Memberikan materi pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word yang meliputi tiga hal yaitu: mengenal microsoft word , membuat laporan kegiatan, surat dan tabel serta mengolah kata dari komposisi, mengedit, memformat, dan mencetak hasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 417, "width": 174, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi : diskusi dan tanya jawab yang jadi acuan pelatihan sejauh mana daya serap guru-guru SDN 130 Palembang terhadap kegiatan program pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 485, "width": 174, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaporan : membuat laporan hasil kegiatan program pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, (2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.36257/apts.vxix", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 761, "width": 100, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2622-5646 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 759, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 91, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2721-0448 (Print)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, pada tahap berikutnya adalah berupa praktek penggunaan aplikasi sesuai dengan materi yang ada di dalam modul yang sudah diberikan. Pada tahap praktek ini lebih mengutamakan skill dan kemampuan para peserta pelatihan. Karena pada tahap ini adalah berupa praktek aplikasi, jadi waktu yang disediakan pada tahap ini lebih lama jika dibandingkan tahap pertama. Pada sesi kedua ini juga dilakukan proses pendampingan bagi paraguru dalam mempraktekkan aplikasi microsoft word .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 246, "width": 202, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun berbagai praktek yang dilakukan dalam sesi ini adalah: a. Praktek pertama: mengoperasikan microsoft word yaitu cara membuka microsoft word , membuat file baru, menyimpan file, membuka file yang sudah tersimpan, menutup file dokumen dan menutup jendela microsoft word .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 347, "width": 201, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Praktek kedua: mengedit teks, mengcopy teks dan memformat teks.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 201, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Praktek ketiga: mengatur paragraf yaitu mengatur perataan teks paragraf, mengatur indentasi dan mengatur jarak spasi baris.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 201, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Praktek keempat: membuat tabel, bullet & numbering serta breaks.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Praktek kelima: symbol and equation", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Praktek keenam: membuat daftar isi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 473, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Praktek ketujuh: mencetak file", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 616, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kegiatan praktek komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 319, "top": 196, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Kegiatan praktek komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 319, "top": 371, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan praktek komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 319, "top": 647, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Kegiatan praktek komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 373, "top": 38, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, (2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.36257/apts.vxix", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 761, "width": 100, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2622-5646 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 759, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 91, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2721-0448 (Print)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Kegiatan praktek komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 591, "width": 179, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Kegiatan praktek komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 201, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah melakukan kegiatan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berupa pelatihan penggunaan aplikasi microsof word di SDN 130 Palembang, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 88, "width": 201, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Para guru SDN 130 Palembang antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan komputer menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word. 2. Sebagian besar guru SDN 130 Palembang mampu menggunakan aplikasi microsoft word yang akan digunakan dalam membuat materi pembelajaran.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 212, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 235, "width": 202, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tim pengabdi mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada Direktur Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Ketua Jurusan Teknik Elektro Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya serta Kepala Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Negeri sriwijaya atas peran sertanya mewujudkan kegiatan program pengabdian masyarakat ini. Ucapan terima kasih juga kami sampaikan kepada Kepala Sekolah Dasar Negeri 130", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 361, "width": 201, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Palembang yang telah memfasilitasi kegiatan pengabdian bagi dosen sehingga tercapainya kegiatan ini yang dapat diabdikan ke masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 425, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFRENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 447, "width": 201, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Putra, S. R., ”Desain Belajar Mengajar Kreatif Berbasis Sains”. Yogyakarta:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 473, "width": 201, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diva Press, 2013. [2] Nugroho, I.D., “Hambatan Dalam Penguasaan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Guru Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Ponjong“.Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar” Edisi 1, Tahun ke IV Januari 2015.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 588, "width": 202, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Syukur, I.A, ”Profesionalisme Guru Dalam Mengimplementasikan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Di Kabupaten Nganjuk”. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Vol. 20,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 340, "top": 651, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nomor 2, Juni 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 676, "width": 201, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Chandra, Vinesh, and Lloyd, M., “The methodological nettle: ICT and student achievement”. 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R.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 404, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sitompul, “Survey Pemanfaatan Buku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 419, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saku Digital Berbasis Android Sebagai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 431, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media Pembelajaran Di Ponpes,”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 444, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "APTEKMAS J. 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[ { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 57, "width": 254, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 Page 63-70 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 119, "width": 281, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 164, "width": 483, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget dan Kedisiplinan Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Belajar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 189, "width": 220, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PAI Kelas V SDN Kutisari II Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 235, "width": 461, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Munawwir 1 ✉ , Rizka Maulidah Faizah 2 , Siti Nailur Rif’ah 3 , Laila Alfin Basyiroh 4 , Nurul Jannah Safitri 5 , Alissa Putri Maharani 6 , Angie Wulan Ramadhany 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 281, "width": 246, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 300, "width": 179, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 346, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 364, "width": 487, "height": 243, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Suwarsih penggunaan gadget secara intens berpengaruh pada hilangnya minat dalam kegiatan lain serta mempengaruhi perkembangan otak yang mengarah pada kedisplinan. Kedisiplinan merupakan syarat utama yang harus dimiliki peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran untuk mencapai prestasi yang baik. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaruh penggunaan gadget dan kedisplinan terhadap hasil belajar kelas V SDN Kutisari II Surabaya yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari gadget dan kedisplinan terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian non eksperimen dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul. Hasil temuan penelitian (1) ada pengaruh yang positif signifikan antara kedisplinan terhadap prestasi belajar. (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan gadget terhadap prestasi belajar. (3) ada pengaruh yang positif signifikan antara kedisiplinan dan intensitas penggunaan gadgetsecara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 612, "width": 257, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Gadget, Kediplinan, Hasil Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 282, "top": 57, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 76, "width": 487, "height": 224, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Suwarsih, the intense use of gadgets causes a loss of interest in other activities and affects brain development that lead to discipline. Discipline is the main requirement that students must have in the learning process to achieve good performance. This study focuses on the effect of the use of gadgets and discipline on the learning outcomes of class V at SDN Kutisari II Surabaya which aims to determine the impact of gadgets and discipline on student learning outcomes. This research uses non-experimental research with quantitative descriptive methods. Data collection techniques used in this study using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive statistics that are used to describe and describe the data that has been collected. The results of the research findings (1) there is a significant positive effect between discipline on learning achievement. (2) there is a significant influence between the use of gadgets on learning achievement. (3) there is a significant positive effect between discipline and the intensity of using gadgets together on learning achievement. Keywords: Effect of Gadgets, Discipline, Learning Outcomes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 326, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 346, "width": 470, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Marulak dalam jurnal (Junierissa Marpaung, 2018) Gadget selalu mengalami pembaruan sehingga dapat menarik penggunanya karena sifatnya yang praktis dan nyaman. Banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang menggunakan gadget, hal ini dapat ditinjau bahwa negara Indoensia termasuk dalam penggunaan gadget tertinggi dengan urutan ke- 10 sedunia. Penggunaan gadget ini berasal dari semua kalangan termasuk pada anak-anak sekarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 471, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal yang membedakan dengan gadget saat ini yaitu unsur kekinian. Yang dimaksud dengan gadget antara lain smartphone, iphone, blackberry dan notebook. Peran gadget dalam dunia pendidikan sangat tinggi yang dapat membantu kegiatan dalam pembelajaran tetapi gadget juga mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa (Marulak Hutauruk et al., 2022). Gadget dengan berbagai aplikasi dapat menampilkan berbagai media sosial, yang sering disalahgunakan dan berdampak buruk pada nilai dan prestasi akademik siswa (Nurfajar & Darmawan, n.d.)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 616, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan gadget ketika pandemi Covid-19 lalu memang memberikan dampak pada perkembangan anak. Dampak positif dari penggunaan gadget yaitu membentuk karakter religius, sikap peduli sosial, disiplin, dan tanggung jawab. Pada aspek pembentukan karakter religius ini siswa semakin terkontrol dalam beribadah sedangkan dalam pembentukan karakter sosial ini tampak ketika siswa saling memberikan informasi kepada teman-temannya. Kemudian pada aspek disiplin dan tanggung jawab siswa menjadi terbiasa dalam menyelesaikan tugas secara tepat waktu. Adapun dampak negatif dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 56, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penggunaan gadget ketika kegiatan pembelajaran jarak jauh mengakibatkan anak kurang beristirahat, lebih malas, lebih suka menyendiri sehingga terlalu asyik dengan gadget. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada kesehatan mata akibat radiasi yang dipancarkan oleh gadget itu sendiri (Nafaida, Nurmasyitah, & Nursamsu, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 139, "width": 470, "height": 244, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan gadget yang berlebihan oleh siswa dapat menimbulkan masalah pada proses belajar. Jika gadget terlalu sering digunakan, penggunaan gadget akan mengganggu keterampilan interpersonal anak (Nurfajar & Darmawan, n.d.). Siswa akan mendapatkan hasil belajar yang maksimal apabila mempunyai kesungguhan dalam belajarnya. Hasil belajar merupakan bentuk dari siswa yang dilihat dari dalam perilakunya, termasuk penguasaan, pengetahuan, keterampilan berpikir dan keterampilan motorik (Fitriani, 2016). Keinginan belajar yang dilakukan di sekolah atau di rumah itu dari dirinya sendiri untuk belajar ketertarikan atau disebut juga dengan minat. Siswa yang mempunyai prestasi belajar dan disiplin akan memusatkan perhatianya dalam pembelajaran sehingga mampu berkonstrasi dengan baik. Siswa mempunyai minat belajar yang berbeda-beda antara satu dengan lainya. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar dan disiplin diantaranya penggunaan gadget dan lingkungan belajar (Hudaya, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 389, "width": 470, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Safitri Irianti (2015) dalam jurnal (Restio Sidebang, 2021) disiplin merupakan melatih dan mendidik hidup secara teratur. Ini membuktikan disiplin tidak membatasi, menahan atau hukuman seperti anggapan banyak orang. Hal ini karena kedisplinan membantu siswa untuk lebih cepat dan lebih mudah dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 492, "width": 470, "height": 203, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah penelitian tentang pengaruh dari gadget ini bukan pertama kali dilakukan, namun untuk mengurangi pengulangan kajian penelitian maka diharapkan untuk mengetahui persamaan maupun perbedaan fokus penelitian yang akan diteliti, seperti penelitian oleh Adeng Hudaya (Adeng, 2018) tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh gadget terhadap disiplin siswa, minat belajar, dan pengaruh minat belajar siswa dan disiplin siswa dengan menggunakan metode penelitian ex-post facto. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Tidak terdapat pengaruh positif gadget terhadap disiplin. 2) tidak terdapat pengaruh positif gadget terhadap minat belajar dan 3) tidak terdapat pengaruh linear antara variabel gadget terhadap disiplin dan minat belajar. Hal ini juga bermakna bahwa gadget tidak mempengaruhi keduanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 700, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian penelitian oleh Syifa Luthfiya (Luthfiya, 2020) penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap kedisiplinan shalat fardhu mahasiswa. 2) Tingkat intensitas penggunaan gadget mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 57, "width": 469, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap kedisplinan ibadah shalat fardhu mahasiswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 119, "width": 470, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian selanjutnya oleh Friska Ana Susanti (Susanti , 2021) penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, 2) Mengetahui pengaruh motivasi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, 3) Mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan sekolah terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, 4) Mengetahui kedisiplinan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif statistik deskriptif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) penggunaan gadget tidak berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar, 2) Motivasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar, 3) Lingkungan sekolah tidak berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar, 4) dan kedisiplinan berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 306, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya penelitian oleh Dian Kurniawati (Kurniawati, 2020) penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kembali apakah gadget dapat mempengaruhi prestasi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian meta analisis. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan gadget dapat berpengaruh terhadap prestasi siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 389, "width": 470, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan pada penelitian Handaru Indrian Sasmito Adi, Suwarno, dan Ridaul Innayah ( Adi, Suwarno, & Innayah, 2020) dengan tujuan penelitian yakni untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh gadget terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian jenis lapangan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengatakan bahwa gadget berpengaruh positif terhadap Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Plumpang Kecamatan Plumpang Kabupaten Tuban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 514, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbeda dengan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian tertarik untuk meneliti pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap hasil belajar dan kedispilinan siswa pada kelas V SDN KUTISARI II SURABAYA. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan wawasan kepada pihak-pihak terkait, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 597, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Secara teoritis: Penyempurnaan dalam bidang keilmuan pada tingakt SD/MI, penelitian ini sebagai acuan untuk penelitian mendalam terkait bagaimana pengaruh gadget terhadap siswa SD/MI, sedangkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan sebagai informasi untuk penelitian di masa depan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 680, "width": 459, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Secara praktis: Lembaga pendidikan yaitu sebagai kontribusi dan masukan kepada pihak terkait dan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan mutu pendidikan Indonesia. Sedangkan pada penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 56, "width": 440, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "serta pengetahuan tentang pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap hasil belajar dan disiplin siswa tingkat SD/MI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 119, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 140, "width": 470, "height": 181, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian non eksperimen pada sekolah SDN Kutisari II dengan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini prestasi belajar siswa sebagai variabel dependent sedangkan penggunaan gadget dan kedisiplinan sebagai variabel independent. Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif merupakan penelitian untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih detail mengenai suatu gejala atau fenomena sesuai dengan keadaan yang sebenarnya (Suryana, 2010). Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan penelitian kuantitatif adalah penelitian yang menekankan pada pengujian teori melalui pengukuran variabel penelitian dengan angka dan melakukan analisis data dengan prosedur statistik (Dinar, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 327, "width": 470, "height": 222, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan gadget pada siswa. Pada instrument angket yang digunakan berupa angket tertutup, yaitu angket yang telah dilengkapi dengan pilihan jawaban sehingga responden hanya memberi tanda check list pada jawaban yang dipilih. Wawancara dilakukan dengan narasumber guru wali kelas V dan siswanya, pelaksanaan wawancara dilakukan secara offline. Sedangkan dokumentasi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan mengumpulkan dokumen berupa foto dan video keadaan peserta didik, rekaman pada saat wawancara, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Kemudian data yang terkumpul akan dianalisis untuk menaarik kesimpulan penelitian dan melaporkan hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan terkait pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap hasil belajar dan kedisiplinan siswa kelas V SDN Kutisari II.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 555, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Statistik ini statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya tanpa bermaksud membuat kesimpulan yang berlaku untuk umum atau generalisasi (Sugiyono, 2013)..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 239, "top": 57, "width": 141, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 192, "width": 470, "height": 223, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimana gadget dan kedisplinan variabel independent. Variabel independent itu merupakan variabel bebas atau maknanya variabel yang mempengaruhi variabel dependent/ terikat. Dalam penelitian ini variabel dependent adalah prestasi. Berdasrkan hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa gadget sebagai variabel X 1 berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi karena memiliki nilai signifikasi 0.034 dan nilai tersebut berada lebih kecil dari α. Sehingga peningkatan atau penurunan penggunaan gadget yang digunakan oleh siswa mempengaruhi presta si siswa. α (0.05) dalam sebuah penelitian terdiri dari tiga, yaitu 1%, 5%, 10% tetapi yang biasanya digunakan adalah 5% atau 0.05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil regresi variabel X 2 yakni kedispilinan memiliki nilai signifikasi 0.000 kurang dari α. Maknanya peningkatan kedisplinan pada siswa akan berpengaruh terhadap prestasi siswa karena nilai signifikasi kurang dari α.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 533, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji F yaitu uji secara simultan atau uji semua variabel bebas yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil data ini, gadget dan kedisiplinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi karena nilainya 0.00 kurang dari 0.05", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 672, "width": 470, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil data ini variabel independent mempengaruhi variabel sebesar 53% dan 47% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model atau selain gadget dan kedisiplinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 280, "top": 57, "width": 59, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 78, "width": 459, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 119, "width": 448, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Ada pengaruh yang positif signifikan antara kedisiplinan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SDN Kutisari II Surabaya. Dengan demikian semakin tinggi tingkat kedisiplinan siswa maka semakin tinggi pula prestasi belajar siswa tersebut. Siswa yang memiliki tingkat kedisiplinan yang tinggi akan mendapatkan prestasi belajar yang lebih tinggi, daripada mereka yang memiliki tingkat kedisiplinan yang rendah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 222, "width": 448, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tedapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan gadget terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SDN Kutisari II Surabaya. Dengan demikian semakin tinggi tingkat penggunaan gadget maka semakin tinggi pula pengaruh terhadap prestasi siswa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 306, "width": 448, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Ada pengaruh yang positif signifikan antara kedisiplinan dan intensitas penggunaan gadget secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SDN Kutisari II Surabaya. Hal ini berarti bahwa apabila kedisiplinan siswa tinggi didukung dengan intensitas penggunaan gadget, maka mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 256, "top": 410, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 430, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adi, H. I., Suwarno, & Innayah, R. (2020). PENGARUH GADGET TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR. Oportunitas Unirow Tuban, 1(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 472, "width": 458, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adeng, H. (2018). PENGARUH GADGET TERHADAP SIKAP DISIPLIN DAN MINAT BELAJAR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 492, "width": 284, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research and Development Journal Of Education, 4(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 513, "width": 459, "height": 57, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akbar, A., & Noviani, N. (2019). TANTANGAN DAN SOLUSI. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS PGRI PALEMBANG. Palembang. Dinar, R. W. (2015).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 576, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurniawati, D. (2020). PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN GADGET TERHADAP PRESTASI SISWA. Edukatif, 2(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 617, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Luthfiya, S. (2020). engaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Kedisiplinan Ibadah Shalat Fardhu Mahasiswa Prodi BKI 2019 di IAIN Kudus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 658, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 680, "width": 459, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Susanti , F. A. (2021). Penggunan Gadget, Motivasi, Lingkungan Sekolah, Kedisiplinan terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Rembang Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Spirit Edukasia, 1(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 742, "width": 458, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FITRIANI. (2016). PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN DISIPLIN TERHADAP HASIL", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 66, "top": 771, "width": 466, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Munawwir, Rizka Maulidah Faizah, Siti Nailur Rif ’ ah, Laila Alfin Basyiroh, Nurul Jannah Safitri, Alissa Putri Maharani, Angie Wulan Ramadhany", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 56, "width": 430, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BELAJAR IPS SISWA DI SMP KARYA INDAH KECAMATAN TAPUNG. PENGARUH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 77, "width": 430, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN DISIPLIN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA DI SMP KARYA INDAH KECAMATAN TAPUNG, Vol. 4 No. 2, 137 – 137.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 119, "width": 458, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hudaya, A. (2018). PENGARUH GADGET TERHADAP SIKAP DISIPLIN DAN MINAT BELAJAR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 139, "width": 367, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PESERTA DIDIK. Research and Development Journal Of Education, 4(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 161, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Junierissa Marpaung. (2018). Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget Dalam Kehidupan (The Effect of Use of Gadget in Life). Jurnal Kopasta, Jurnal Kopasta 5 (2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 202, "width": 459, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marulak Hutauruk, G., Dolan Siahaan, R., & Swasta Teladan Tanah Jawa, S. (2022). PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN GADGET TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMK SWASTA TELADAN TANAH JAWA. 1(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 264, "width": 459, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurfajar, I., & Darmawan, D. (n.d.). PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN GADGET TERHADAP PRESTASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 125 TARUNA KARYA BANDUNG.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 326, "width": 459, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Restio Sidebang. (2021). PENGARUH DISIPLIN BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS III SD NEGERI 040528 SUKADAME T.P. 2020/2021. Vol. 11 No. 1.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 42, "top": 41, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 42, "top": 53, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 41, "width": 177, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 39 Number 9, 2023, Pages e7348 DOI: 10.22146/bkm . v39i9 . 7348", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 212, "width": 66, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted: March 16th, 2023 Accepted:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 249, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agustus 30th, 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 261, "width": 82, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published: September 19th, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 297, "width": 99, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Public Health Science Program Study, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 358, "width": 76, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Correspondence: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 114, "width": 330, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parenting style trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a bibliographic study", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 176, "top": 155, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nuraeni 1 *, Dian Ayubi 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 185, "width": 42, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 176, "top": 199, "width": 378, "height": 349, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purpose: This study seeks to find differences in parenting research trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the distribution of publications by country, author, and publication source. In addition, we analyze the differences in collaboration networks and keywords. Methods: The data comes from the Scopus.com database with the keywords \"parenting AND style\", the distribution of publications in 2016-2018 represents the pre-pandemic period, and 2020-2022 represents the period when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred. Acquisition data is stored in comma-separated value (CSV) format and analyzed using the VOSviewer application. Results: An increase in publications was found during the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States (US) had the most publications before and during the pandemic, followed by strengthening cooperation with China. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Journal of Child and Family Studies dominated publications with three network clusters. Hughes S.O. is the most author and the Pinquart with the most quotes. Meanwhile, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health dominated publications during the pandemic. Garcia O.F. is the author with the most publications and citations. Finally, parenting styles is a keyword that often appears before and during a pandemic. Conclusion: The distribution of parenting style publications before and during the pandemic fluctuated but cumulatively increased. Meanwhile, there has also been a shift based on sources and countries with cooperative networks. In addition, topics related to parenting styles during the COVID-19 pandemic intersect with crisis conditions due to the pandemic, and there has been an increase in mental health topics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 564, "width": 319, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: bibliography; parenting; child; the COVID-19 pandemic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 605, "width": 92, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 630, "width": 239, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the daily lives of people worldwide, causing great concern for the psychological well-being of children [1], which may have long-term consequences for families [2]. Families' health, social [3], safety, and economic stability are threatened during a pandemic [4]. Positive causal effects of income are essential for child development, including those related to maternal mental health, childcare, and the home environment [5]. Parents with more significant financial pressure will encourage the emergence of bad temperaments and lead to less effective parenting approaches and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 602, "width": 240, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "strained relationships between parents and children [6]. Parental stress is an essential factor influencing parental behavior toward their child and the parent-child relationship quality [2], including the risk of hostile and unsupportive parenting [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 670, "width": 239, "height": 121, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parents and children are also experiencing new conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher stress levels were observed in children during the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. The family environment and parental guidance are generally considered the main drivers of child health behavior [7]. Depending on the parenting strategies used, children and youth may face a more significant impact during the pandemic [4]. While other studies have found that due to movement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 799, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic, parents face stress other than parenting stress [2], which causes decreased warmth and emotional support of parents to their children accompanied by more robust emotional responses to the child's misbehavior, which will eventually lead to conflict escalation [6]. The risk of child abuse increased during the pandemic due to shared stressors related to COVID-19, such as physical and mental health problems, economic pressures, homeschool challenges, marital conflict, intimate personal violence, and intense parent-child relationships [8]. Even though the family is a protective factor or risk factor for child development [9].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 239, "width": 239, "height": 230, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Surprisingly, one study found that quarantine duration moderated the relationship between family socioeconomic status and authoritarian parenting, whereas the association was stronger for families with extended quarantine periods [10]. One of the four parenting styles is authoritative (low warmth, high demands). In contrast, the other parenting styles are permissive (high heat and everyday needs), laissez-faire (soft warmth and low orders), and authoritative (high warmth and high demands) [11]. Authoritarian parenting is a risk factor for mental disorders, more dysfunctional gaming, sleep disturbances [4], lower self-esteem, remarkable psychological adjustment inability [9], suicidal ideation [12], and proactive and reactive violent behavior [13]. It can hinder the ability of adolescents to develop children's independence [14].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 472, "width": 239, "height": 216, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parenting patterns and the level of harmony in parental relationships are two factors associated with changes in children's social mentality [1, 15]. Meanwhile, paying attention to parents' mental health has also become urgent during the COVID-19 pandemic [16]. Families must encourage prosocial behavior in their children, thus implying the need for nurturing skills, warmth, and understanding to enhance and support parent-child relationships [13]. Despite the fact that all parenting strategies aim to control, manage, or regulate a child's behavior, some parents appear to provide clear rules, guidelines, and expectations for their child's behavior. Used concurrently by the same parent, considering a variety of parenting practices is essential for identifying naturally occurring parenting substyles [17].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 691, "width": 239, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "COVID-19 has brought new challenges to almost every aspect of life, including parents and their children [8]. Seeing the dynamics related to the parent-child relationship that encounter other main problems that arise due to the push of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is still ongoing today, caught our attention. So many of our findings through the Scopus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "network have been examined more deeply about parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Still, this is the first time anyone has detailed the different study trends related to this topic due to the pandemic. To follow up on this gap, we then conducted a study that aims to look in more detail at how the subject of scientific debate is based on numbers, keywords, organizations, authors, and collaborative network analysis of scientific studies regarding parenting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 213, "width": 60, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 242, "width": 239, "height": 148, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "A literature review through bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze trends and research domains on parenting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bibliometric analysis has been used in many studies to reach the literature and identify strengths or weaknesses of existing research, synthesize all literature related to a topic, and map performance to produce a ranking of authors, publications, countries, and journals based on volume productivity and citations [18], as well as evaluate research based on publication databases [19].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 392, "width": 239, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1 shows the extraction results through the above mentioned criteria, which produced 1,193 documents during the COVID-19 period and 868 study documents before the COVID-19 pandemic. The two pieces of information were then exported into Excel CSV format and analyzed using the VOSviewer application.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 678, "width": 239, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Literature review study method on parenting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 716, "width": 239, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data we use comes from the Scopus.com database on February 19, 2023, with the search topic \"parenting AND style.\" The initial search results yielded 6,313 documents, which were then filtered with the criteria for document types \"article\" and \"review,\" the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 785, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "publication stage, which was \"final,\" the source type \"journal,\" and the language, \"English.\" To view study data before the COVID-19 pandemic, a time limit was limited to the 2016–2018 range, while to view study trends during the COVID-19 period, it was limited to the 2020–2022 period. 2019 was abolished because it was considered a transitional time between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 199, "width": 49, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 230, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Distribution of Publication Time", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 254, "width": 239, "height": 189, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1 shows a comparison of the temporal distribution of studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The distribution of publications before and during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to fluctuate. In a yearly period, the number of publications during the COVID-19 pandemic only increased by ten publications from 2020 to 2022, specifically from 391 to 401. Whereas before the pandemic, there was an increase of 12 publications in 2017 compared to 2016, from 283 to 295, but decreased decrease of five publications in 2018, amounting to 290 publications. Meanwhile, the cumulative number of publications before the COVID-19 pandemic was 868, while during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 1,193 publications.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 458, "width": 239, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Distribution of the number of publications by year", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 491, "width": 216, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Before the COVID-19 Pandemic Document During the COVID-19 Pandemic Document 2016 283 2020 391 2017 295 2021 401 2018 290 2022 401 Total 868 Total 1193", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 620, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Distribution of Publications by Country", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 633, "width": 239, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2 shows the pattern of comparison by country carried out with the country's requirement to publish at least five studies. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 85 countries were founded, of which 39 published at least five documents and had collaborative relationships. Publications at this time mainly came from the United States (301), Australia (71), United Kingdom (68), Spain (47), Canada (42), China (39), Netherlands (38), Italy (37), Turkey (30), and Germany (26). There are 7 clusters and 739 relationships between countries, where the most", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "robust collaborative relationship is between the United States and the United Kingdom (3379), Australia (3620), Spain (2979), China (2923), and the Netherlands (2596).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 101, "width": 239, "height": 203, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2 also shows that during the COVID-19 period, there was an increase in the number of countries fulfilling the publication requirements of at least five documents—47 countries out of a total of 118 countries. The United States remains the country with the highest number of publications (304), followed by China (159), Australia (68), Spain (61), the United Kingdom (61), Italy (59), the Netherlands (48), Canada (42), South Korea (42), and Indonesia (39). Out of a total of 7 clusters found, there were 1,059 collaborative relations between countries where the United States and China were the two countries with the most vital relations (9,823, followed by relations between the United States and Spain (3,893), Italy (3,232), Israel (3,095), and Australia (2930).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 317, "width": 239, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Network of cooperation between countries (above before the COVID-19 Pandemic, below during the COVID-19 pandemic)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 716, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Distribution of Sources and Authors", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 729, "width": 239, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2 presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of 20 articles out of 522 published documents related to parenting before the COVID-19 pandemic. The ten dominant journals publishing the topic of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 785, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 84, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "parenting are the Journal of Child and Family Studies (54), Frontiers in Psychology (32), Appetite (20), Children and Youth Service Review (11), PLoS ONE (10), International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (7), Journal of Youth and Adolescence (7), Development and Psychopathology (6), BMJ Open (6), and Journal of Adolescence (6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 145, "width": 239, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, out of 1193 publications in 620 academic journals, 35 published at least five publications on parenting patterns. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health dominates, with 72 publications and 495 citations, followed by Frontiers in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Psychology (53), Journal of Child and Family Studies (27), Children and Youth Services Review (18), Children (17), Plos One (17), Frontiers in Psychiatry (14), Appetite (13), Current Psychology (12), and Nutrients (12).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 109, "width": 239, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "During COVID-19, the three authors with the highest number of studies were Garcia, Wang, and Zhang. Meanwhile, the highest number of citations were Garcia, Garcia, and Zhang. Before COVID-19, the authors with the highest number of publications were Hughes, Soenens, and Van Petegem S. In contrast, the majority of citations are from Pinquart, Van Petegem, and Hughes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 229, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Distribution of publication sources", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 46, "top": 248, "width": 505, "height": 326, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Before the COVID-19 Pandemic During the COVID-19 Pandemic Journal Number of Docs Number of Quotations Cite Score (2021) Journal Number of Docs Number of Quotations Cite Score (2021) Journal of Child and Family Studies 54 1011 3.5 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 72 495 4.5 Frontiers in Psychology 32 687 4.0 Frontiers in Psychology 53 108 4.0 Appetite 20 359 7.7 Journal of Child and Family Studies 27 108 3.5 Children and Youth Service Review 11 166 3.3 Children and Youth Services Review 17 77 3.3 PLoS ONE 10 274 5.6 Children 17 35 2.0 International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 7 543 10.2 PLoS ONE 17 54 5.6 Journal of Youth and Adolescence 7 187 6.7 Frontiers in Psychiatry 14 50 4.6 Development and Psychopathology 6 253 6.4 Appetite 13 65 7.7 BMJ Open 6 130 3.9 Current Psychology 12 87 3.4 Journal of Adolescence 6 153 5.5 Nutrients 12 32 7.9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 595, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Development of Research Topics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 609, "width": 240, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3 shows there were 2180 words, of which 107 appeared at least 5 times and formed 12 clusters. We also found the top 5 words, parenting styles (109), in adolescents (53), children (45), depression (35), and family (22). Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, also shown in Figure 3, there were 2976 keywords, and 147 appeared at least 5 times in study documents. There are 12 clusters where publications are identified as dominant, with the topics of parenting styles (171), adolescents (75), depression (47), children (56), and mental health (39).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 599, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 624, "width": 240, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Shifting Study Trends: Parenting Patterns Our analysis shows that, from 2016–2022, regardless of the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic, trends fluctuate every year. However, let us compare before and during the COVID pandemic. Our findings show an increase during COVID (Table 1), where there was an increase in the number of publications by 37.4% during the pandemic compared to 3 years before the pandemic occurred. Parenting topics have become increasingly exciting and have developed rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 785, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 747, "width": 469, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Co-occurrence of author keywords during the COVID-19 pandemic (above before the COVID-19 pandemic, below during the COVID-19 pandemic)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 785, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 231, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meanwhile, based on the country that published it, it also experienced an increase. In Figure 2, we also found increased publications from China, thus increasing its ranking position to become the second country with the highest number of publications and having a solid cooperation network with the United States. Given that the first COVID appeared and directly impacted China, it is possible for this country to publish more study results compared to the years before the COVID-19 outbreak occurred. One of the policies due to the pandemic that China became the first country to enforce was closing schools. Due to these circumstances, working parents must balance increasing demands from homeschooling with those from their jobs, especially if they work in the health or industrial sectors and are concerned about workplace contamination [8].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 293, "width": 239, "height": 244, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "The shift also occurred in publication sources. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health published 53 articles during the pandemic and replaced the Journal of Child and Family Studies as the most parenting-related articles before COVID-19 (54 publications). Following this change, there was an increase in publication sources from 522 journals prior to the pandemic to 620 journals during the pandemic (Table 2). Our findings are the first to compare conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in more detail. Thus, we cannot compare our findings with other findings. However, our findings imply that publications through the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health are linear, with potential parenting study topics that do not stand alone but rather follow public health aspects that have a high likelihood of intersecting with the topic of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 550, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evolution of Study Topics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 564, "width": 239, "height": 189, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3 shows research topics before the pandemic. Parenting styles are dominating topics, including short- and long-term socialization outcomes [20], the mediating role of parental autonomy and authority behavior [21], food parenting [22], its association with mental disorders [23], etc. The second most researched topic is adolescents, including proso- cial behavior and academic outcomes [24], paternal representation and obesity [25], etc. Other topics are children, depression, and family, as in other studies related to refugee care related to post-traumatic stress in refugee children [26], risk and resilience to depression [27], symptoms of depression and suicide [28], and quality of life [29].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 756, "width": 239, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "During the pandemic, studies still focused prima- rily on issues relating to parenting styles, adolescents,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "children, and depression. After that, a mental health topic shifted the conversation to family. Related research also generally intersects with COVID-19, such as living conditions during restrictions due to COVID-19 [30], children's emotional management skills [3], and the incidence of gaming disorders in children [31].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 143, "width": 239, "height": 216, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "The coronavirus disease outbreak poses a considerable risk to public health and has an unexpected long-term impact on the mental health of children and adolescents [6]. Other studies even state that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in children's social mentalities [15]. Children's emotional regulation (ER) skills and unique parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to influence children's adjustment to unprecedented conditions [3]. The parent-child relationship plays a central role in supporting the psychological well-being of children [1], where parents, both mothers and fathers, must simultaneously adjust and adapt to accommodate the needs of their children [32]. Our analysis shows two divisions of object classification in the study trend, namely children and adolescents.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 372, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Children Parenting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 386, "width": 240, "height": 367, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "One of the new circumstances brought about by the pandemic is home study, or self-quarantine, which Vietnam [31] and other nations have implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19. There is a central role for parent-child relationships in supporting the psychological well-being of school-age children during a pandemic [1]. Involvement of parents' presence and communication towards children, together with parents' respect for children, is a way to ensure that schoolchildren can improve their mental health despite public health threats and ongoing home confinement rules [32]. Parents tend to remain true to their ideas about parenting and child development, but at the same time, their thinking changes according to the developmental stages of their children, as well as sociocultural changes experienced by the family system [33], as well as changes in global conditions such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents—the majority of mothers—are the focal point of policies aimed at preventing child health and well-being problems [7]. However, families of different races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses may face challenges [8]. Such household income positively affects cognitive develop- ment, social behavior, and children's health, especially in low-income households [5]. Thus, the government should support economically disadvantaged families with young children [10].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 756, "width": 239, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "A combination of parental warmth and firmness is the best strategy to encourage children's psychosocial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 785, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "support [34]. However, previous studies found a parenting style characterized by strict control by the father and mother, which causes, on the one hand, greater physical or verbal aggression in children and, on the other hand, encourages proportional behavior [35]. Higher levels of violence are also associated with authoritarian and neglectful parenting [13]. Authorita- rian parenting and neglect also hurt the internalization of social virtues [35]. Authoritarian parenting is associated with proactive and reactive violent behavior [13] and the lowest self-esteem compared to children with other parenting styles [34].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 225, "width": 239, "height": 326, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "One form of losing children's emotional control is NSSI (Non-Suicidal Self-Injury), which should be an essential concern for parents. However, other studies demonstrate that parents in their study lack knowledge about NSSI and its treatment and experience severe emotional distress as a result of worrying about their child's recovery [36]. In other words, parenting actions also include inherent knowledge for every parent. However, children's trauma can continue into adulthood, and they will carry it with them when they become parents. Childhood experiences and parental attachment styles are detrimental to anxiety, depression, and stress in the perinatal period and impact parenting stress later in life [37]. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and adverse life events were identified as mediators of the relationship between parental depression and the risk of depression in children. High-risk groups are characterized by a lack of protective factors rather than increased susceptibility factors. Meanwhile, children of depressed parents are at high risk of developing depression [38]. Thus, parental support should be a more consistent predictor of proportional behavior than strict parental control [35].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 554, "width": 239, "height": 230, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meanwhile, parental warmth is a protective factor. At the same time, firmness does not provide protection. It can even be harmful because it is essential to pay attention to the cultural context in which parental socialization occurs [39]. The authoritative parenting style mediates family and psychosocial resilience relationships with children with chronic illness. The authoritative caregiver style is more appropriate for promoting family resilience [40]. Emotional warmth has a positive predictive effect on gratitude, which has implications for high levels of motivation and prosocial behavior [41]. Higher emotional distress, positive communication, parental support, low coercion, and parent-child trust will develop children's resources so that violence does not become a means to an end. An effective program includes the implications and active participation of families, including their children,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "which, in essence, will encourage the prevention of violent behavior [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 98, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adolescent Parenting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 111, "width": 239, "height": 258, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "To prevent emotional distress, personal and environmental factors must be considered [42]. At the same time, teenagers are one of the groups that experience this pressure during the COVID-19 period. Another study found that social mentality among university students, who belong to the youth category, decreased during the pandemic's peak before increasing during the controllable risk period [15]. Meanwhile, adolescents from authoritarian families have lower self-esteem and more significant psychological adjustment disabilities [9, 39], causing adolescent anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation [12], which inhibits their ability to develop their independence [14]. Other studies have categorized aggressive and non-aggressive adolescents but found that both have the same pattern, where indulgent and authoritative parenting styles are always associated with better outcomes than authoritarian or neglectful parenting [9].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 372, "width": 240, "height": 216, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maternal parenting style is a significant predictor of adolescent resilience, and adolescents with mothers whose parenting style is relevant to autonomy have a higher level of resilience. Such mothers consider their children's wishes and opinions at the right time, give positive feedback, and correct their negative behavior [44]. Although a mother's parenting style can predict adolescents' prosocial behavior, some other evidence finds that the level of the father's involvement is also a significant predictor [25]. Adolescents with high self-determination report less frustration, more legitimacy, less defiance, and more negotiation. Meanwhile, adolescents with low self-determination report less legitimacy and better defiance in responding to situations with psychological control [45].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 591, "width": 239, "height": 148, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parental warmth, behavior control, and granting autonomy are also related to adolescent internalization symptoms. Therefore, parents' beliefs and perspectives must be considered, as they play a role in parenting strategies and, in part, in adolescents' psychosocial adjustment [39]. One situation that frequently affects teenagers involves alcohol consumption. Among the many factors that contribute to a decline in alcohol consumption are changes in parenting practices and health trends [42] that are influenced by parenting styles.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 742, "width": 239, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "One study in Vietnam also found a gaming disorder prevalence of 11.6% [33] occurring in adolescents. The use of mobile touchscreen devices is becoming", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 544, "top": 785, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 47, "top": 36, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "BKM Public Health & Community Medicine, Volume 39 (9) 2023: e7348", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 244, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "increasingly widespread among adolescents. It has positive and negative consequences when parents influence their use through their attitudes, beliefs, role models, and parenting styles [11]. Cybersurfing also has the potential for victimization cases where higher parental control positively predicts cyber victimization, although the role of parents requires further empirical evaluation [41]. A combination of parental warmth and involvement, but not assertiveness and coercion, appears to be the best parenting strategy for the new stage emerging in today's digital world [36]. Other studies also state that optimal parenting—a balance between emotional warmth and protection—and adolescent autonomy can reduce the risk of EIU (Excessive Internet Use) [42]. Thus, improving parenting skills and strengthening the parent-child relationship are very important in preventing and treating internet addiction in adolescents [43].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 307, "width": 239, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meanwhile, to ensure adolescent autonomy, it is necessary to carry out interventions for families during childhood to support and encourage the adaptation of parenting views that can promote more positive and not stereotyped adolescent perceptions [33]. Therefore, it is necessary to consider parental education in prevention programs [13]. Meanwhile, it is also essential to identify common perceptions between risk and protective factors in the family context before implementing and developing public policies and laws that facilitate and mandate interventions to protect adolescents from harm [39].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 487, "width": 77, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 518, "width": 239, "height": 244, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "The distribution of parenting style publications before and during the pandemic fluctuated but cumulatively increased. Meanwhile, there has also been a shift based on sources and countries with cooperative networks. The number of publications in China increased, and it then strengthened its relationship with the US. The majority of these publications hinted at potential historical implications as the nation where CCOVID-19 first appeared. Topics related to parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic also intersect with crisis conditions due to the pandemic, and there has been an increase in topics related to mental health and parenting, namely children and adolescents. Thus, the issue of parenting style becomes essential in the family, especially regarding the choice of parenting style in dealing with recent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which creates new conditions that can trigger depression and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 60, "width": 239, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "other mental health problems in children and adolescents.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 103, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 134, "width": 240, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 596, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Choi, J., Park, Y., Kim, H., Song, J., Lee, D., Lee, E., Kang, H., Lee, J., Park, J., Lee, J., Ye, S., Lee, S., Ryu, S., Kim, Y., Kim, Y., Kim, Y., & Lee, Y. 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[ { "left": 183, "top": 805, "width": 244, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available @ https:/jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 70, "width": 514, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyuluhan dan Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional dalam Aplikasi Herbal Instan dan Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Desa Pamandati Kecamatan Lainea Sulawesi Tenggara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 129, "width": 514, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Counseling and Utilization of Traditional Medicine in the Application of Instant Herbs and Family Medicinal Plants in Pamandati Village, Lainea District, Southeast Sulawesi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 42, "top": 188, "width": 514, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Isrul 1 *, Muh. Ikhsan Akbar 2 , Mimi Yati 3 , Agus Kurniawan. 4 , La Djabo Buton 2 , Ratna Umi Nurlila 1 , Shafira Endah Amartya Dewi 1 , Findi Rahmawati Syahadat 1 , Wulan Maharani 1 , Kartini 1 , Sufiati M. 1 , Khoirul Nasikin 1 , Muh. Chezar R. 1 , La Ode Saafi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 42, "top": 239, "width": 365, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Mandala Waluya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 42, "top": 255, "width": 440, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat , Fakultas Ilmu – Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mandala Waluya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 42, "top": 268, "width": 397, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Program Studi Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu – Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mandala Waluya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 280, "width": 385, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Program Studi D-III Sanitasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Mandala Waluya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 320, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 4 No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 347, "width": 102, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI : 10.35311/jmpm.v4i1.242", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 390, "width": 101, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Informasi artikel: Submitted: 03 Mei 2023 Accepted: 22 Juni 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 441, "width": 126, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Penulis Korespondensi :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 455, "width": 123, "height": 73, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Isrul Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Mandala Waluya E-mail : [email protected] No. Hp : 08114063811", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 542, "width": 136, "height": 197, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cara Sitasi: Isrul, M., Akbar, M. I., Yati, M., Agus, K., Buton, L. D., Nurlila, R. U., Dewi, S. E. A., Syahadat, F. R., Maharani, W., Kartini, M, S., Nasikin, K., Chezar R, M. (2023). Penyuluhan dan Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional dalam Aplikasi Herbal Instan dan Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Desa Pamandati Kecamatan Lainea Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(1), 268-272. https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpm. v4i1.242", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 320, "width": 47, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 335, "width": 371, "height": 139, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Obat tradisional masih digunakan secara luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia secara turun temurun untuk mencegah dan mengatasi berbagai keluhan penyakit sebagai obat. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang khasiat tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) yang dapat digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendampingan masyarakat dalam pembuatan kebun TOGA dan pendidikan masyarakat melalui ceramah dan praktek pembuatan herbal instan. Penanaman tanaman obat keluarga di Desa Pamandati terdiri dari 11 jenis tanaman yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga. Dengan adanya TOGA ini menjadi dasar untuk melakukan pengobatan swamedikasi dan pembuatan jamu instan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 480, "width": 208, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Obat Tradisional, TOGA, Jamu Instan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 510, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 524, "width": 371, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Traditional medicine is still widely used by Indonesian people for generations to prevent and treat various complaints of disease as medicine. To increase knowledge about the properties of family medicinal plants (TOGA) that can be used to treat diseases. The method used is community assistance in making TOGA gardens and community education through lectures and practice of making instant herbal medicine. The planting of family medicinal plants in Pamandati Village consists of 11 types of plants that can increase people's understanding of the use of family medicinal plants. With this TOGA, it is the basis for self-medication and the manufacture of instant herbal medicine.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 625, "width": 325, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Traditional Medicines, Family Medicinal Plants, Instant Herbal Medicine", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 512, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 29, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "269 | JMPM, 4(1), 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 488, "top": 29, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Isrul et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 814, "width": 244, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available @ https:/jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 57, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 72, "width": 243, "height": 449, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Obat tradisional masih digunakan secara luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia secara turun temurun untuk mencegah dan mengatasi berbagai keluhan penyakit sebagai obat. Obat tradisional ialah ramuan yang terdiri atas bahan-bahan yang diperoleh dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, bahan hewani, mineral, sari yang dicampur, dan diracik untuk dikonsumsi serta dipercaya secara turun temurun oleh masyarakat dapat mengobati penyakit. Obat tradisional juga disebut dengan obat herbal, karena bahan-bahan yang digunakan berasal dari bahan alami (Adiyasa & Meiyanti, 2021). Dari hasil riset yang dilakukan oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) Indonesia memiliki lebih dari 400 etnis dan sub etnis yang tersebar menggunakan obat herbal sebagai pengobatan primer (Ismail, 2015). Meskipun pengguna obat tradisional di kalangan masyarakat sudah sangat banyak namun secara umum 92% masyarakat menyatakan bahwa mereka mengetahui tentang obat tradisional, namun ketika ditanya lebih spesifik mengenai pengembangan obat tradisional sebagai obat herbal, mayoritas masyarakat 88,2% hanya mengenal jamu sedangkan yang mengetahui jenis obat herbal terstandar 29,4% dan yang mengenal Fitofarmaka 3% (Pratiwi et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 521, "width": 240, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa pamandati merupakan Desa yang berada di wilayah Kerja Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Desa pamandati merupakan daerah pesisir dan dataran rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 581, "width": 246, "height": 195, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masyarakat Desa Pamandati sebahagian besar bekerja sebagai Nelayan dan Petani. Mayoritas masyarakat belum mamahami fungsi dan golongan obat tradisional. Segi aplikasi penggunan obat tradisional di masyarakat sudah banyak yang menggunakan obat tradisional namun masih sedikit yang paham fungsi tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional sehingga pengetahuan sangat berperan penting untuk mengambil sikap dan tindakan yang semestinya. Alasan masyarakat belum mengetahui fungsi dan golongan obat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 57, "width": 240, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tradisional karena memang belum ada penyuluhan dari tenaga kesehatan khususnya tenaga kefarmasian tentang penggunaan dan manfaat dari obat tradisional serta apa saja golongan dari obat tradisional. Oleh karena itu, studi pengetahuan sikap dan tindakan terhadap penggunaan obat tradisional bagi masyarakat di desa Pamandati perlu dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 192, "width": 240, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi masalah ini yaitu dengan optimalisasi budidaya melalui kebun Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) dan masyarakat diikut sertakan secara aktif pada pelatihan dan pengolahan bahan baku tanaman obat menjadi bahan baku produk kesehatan sesuai dengan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB), serta mengikuti penyuluhan obat tradisional (Suharti et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 356, "width": 240, "height": 105, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dilaksanakannya KKN-Tematik adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang obat tradisional, khasiat TOGA secara ilmiah pada masyarakat Desa Pamandati serta meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang cara pemanfaatan tanaman obat herbal dalam aplikasi herbal instan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 473, "width": 48, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 490, "width": 238, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendampingan masyarakat dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 520, "width": 238, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembuatan kebun TOGA dan pendidikan masyarakat melalui ceramah, dan praktek. Ceramah digunakan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang obat tradisional dan pemanfaataan TOGA dalam aplikasi herbal instan, antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 612, "width": 238, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendampingan dalam pembuatan TOGA berupa pemilihan tanaman obat, penyiapan lahan, dan budidaya tanaman obat. Ada 11 macam tanaman obat yang di tanam di Kebun TOGA Desa Pamandati.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 687, "width": 238, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sosialisasi kegiatan kepada masyarakat Desa Pamandati tentang kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 732, "width": 238, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Penyuluhan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang obat tradisonal 4. Praktek: yaitu praktek pembuatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 29, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Isrul et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 446, "top": 29, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMPM, 4(1), 2023 | 270", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 802, "width": 244, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available @ https:/jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 224, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "minuman kesehatan berupa serbuk instan herbal dengan bahan utama jahe dan kunyit yang dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 129, "width": 142, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 144, "width": 238, "height": 272, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan pembuatan kebun TOGA, dimulai dengan penyiapan lahan seluas ±8 m2. Kemudian dilakukan penggemburan tanah dan penanaman tanaman TOGA yang diperoleh dari Desa Pamandati, yang terdiri dari 11 jenis tanaman diantaranya kunyit kuning, kunyit putih, kunyit hitam, jahe putih, jahe merah, serai, kemangi, kumis kucing, keji beling, sambiloto dan kumis kucing (tabel 1). Kebun TOGA ini juga dilengkapi dengan kartu toga yang isinya nama Indonesia, nama latin, nama daerah, gambar tanaman, dann khasiat tanaman. Selain itu masyarakat diedukasi tentang pemanfaatan tanaman obat tradisonal secara empiris dan berdasarkan data ilmiah dengan memberikan penjelasan tentang mekanisme kerja bahan alam terhadap suatu penyakit (gambar 1) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 416, "width": 238, "height": 240, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang obat tradisional mulai dari pengertian obat tradisonal, keuntungan dan kerugian obat tradisional, golongan obat tradisional serta contoh tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional dan bagaimana cara pengolahannya. Selain itu kami juga mengajarkan bagaimana melakukan pengobatan mandiri atau pencegahan terhadap penyakit dengan menggunakan TOGA. Dalam kegiatan ini masyarakat diajarkan teknik mengolah tanaman obat, dengan cara merebus, menyeduh dan membuatnya dalam bentuk serbuk (Gambar 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 758, "width": 222, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Kebun Tanaman Obat Keluarga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 772, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Pamandati", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 192, "width": 237, "height": 244, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Penyuluhan Kesehatan Praktek pembuatan minuman kesehatan dilakukan dengan membuat serbuk instan herbal. Serbuk instan herbal memiliki banyak manfaat diantaranya meningkatkan imunitas tubuh, menguragi nyeri karena peradangan, meredakan kram saat menstruasi, memperkecil resiko kanker, dan dapat Menghangatkan tubuh (Gambar 3). Pada kegiatan ini juga diajarkan cara pengemasan produk yang baik, dengan menggunakan kemasan yang terstandar, sehingga dapat menjamin stabilitas dari produk yang dibuat kemasan dibuat menarik dilengkapi dengan komposisi, aturan pakai serta cara penyimpanan (Gambar 4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 564, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Demonstrasi Pembuatan Serbuk Instan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 578, "width": 31, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herbal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 749, "width": 211, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Produk Serbuk Instan HerbalTabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 29, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "271 | JMPM, 4(1), 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 488, "top": 29, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Isrul et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 805, "width": 244, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available @ https:/jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 63, "width": 498, "height": 506, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Tanaman Koleksi Kebun TOGA Desa Pamandati No. Nama Nama Lokal Nama Ilmiah Habitus 1. Kunyit Kuning Undre, (Nias), Kunyit (Lampung), Kunyit (Melayu), Alawaha (Gorontalo) Curcuma longa L. Herba 2. Kunyit Putih Temu (Jawa), Temupao (Madura), Temu Putih (Melayu), dan Koneng Lalap (Sunda) Curcuma mangga Val. Herba 3. Jahe Merah Halia (Aceh), Beuing (Gayo), Bahing (Karo), Pege (Toba), Sipode (Mandailing), Lahia (Nias), Sipodeh (Minangkabau), Page (Lubu), Dan Jahi (Lampung), Loiyo momea (Tolaki) Zingiber Ottensi Valeton Herba 4. Jahe Putih Laia (Makasar), Melito (Gorontalo), Loiyo mowila (Tolaki) Zingiber officinale var Herba 5. Serai Sere (Jawa), Sereh (Sunda), Sarai (Minangkabau), Sorai (Lampung), Padamalala (Tolaki) Cymbopogon citrates L. Perdu 6. Kemangi Lampes Atau Surawung (Sunda), Kemangi Atau Kemangen (Jawa), Kemanghi (Madura), Uku-Uku (Bali), Dan Lufe-Lufe (Ternate) Ocimum basilicum Perdu 7. Sambiloto Takilo (Sunda), Bidara, Sadilata, Sambilata, Takila (Jawa) Andrographis paniculata Perdu 8. Kumis Kucing Remujung (Jawa), Jave Tea (Inggris), Giri-Giri Marah (Sumatera), Se-Salasean (Madura) Orthosiphon aristatus Perdu 9. Keji Beling Daun Peca Beling (Jakarta), Daun Keji Beling (Jawa Tengah) Strobilanthes crispa Perdu 10. Temulawak Pepaitan, (Sunda), bidara, sadilat (Jawa) Curcuma zanthorrhiza Herba Saran untuk memaksimalkan hasil dari ketercapaian pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah sebaiknya Masyarakat dapat mempraktekan pembuatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 554, "width": 240, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "minuman kesehatan serbuk instan herbal. Dari pembuatan serbuk instan herbal tersebut juga dapat membuka peluang untuk menjualnya ke UMKM yang ada di Sulawesi Tenggara Desa Pamandati.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 656, "width": 129, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 671, "width": 212, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih diberikan kepada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 686, "width": 240, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Allah SWT yang telah memberikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 701, "width": 240, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemudahan dalam segala kegiatan ini. Ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan setingi-tingginya juga disampaikan kepada dosen pembimbing lapangan dan Rektor Universitas Mandala Waluya yang telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 509, "width": 240, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memberikan dana bantuan melalui Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dalam bentuk kegiatan KKN Tematik UMW. Secara khusus apresiasi kepada masyarakat Desa Pamandati di Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan atas partisipasi dan kerjasama yang baik selama kegiatan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 626, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 641, "width": 240, "height": 120, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adiyasa, M. R., & Meiyanti, M. (2021). Pemanfaatan obat tradisional di Indonesia: distribusi dan faktor demografis yang berpengaruh. Jurnal Biomedika Dan Kesehatan, 4(3 SE-Review Article), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.18051/JBiomedKes.20 21.v4.130-138", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 769, "width": 240, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ismail. (2015). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 29, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Isrul et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 446, "top": 29, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMPM, 4(1), 2023 | 272", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 802, "width": 244, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available @ https:/jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 57, "width": 212, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keputusan Masyarakat Memilih Obat Tradisional Di Gampong Lam Ujong. Idea Nursing Journal, 6(1), 7–14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 110, "width": 240, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pratiwi, R., Saputri, F. A., & Nuwarda, R. F. (2018). Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Penggunaan Obat Tradisional Di Masyarakat: Studi Pendahuluan Pada Masyarakat Di Desa Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang. 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[ { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1165 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 407, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 162, "width": 403, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lovisca Stevany Sembiring 1 , Haryaji Catur Putera Hasman 2 , Yuni Syahputri 3 1,3 Faculty Of Economics And Business , Universitas Medan Area, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 445, "height": 250, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan North Sumatera, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Keywords: Live Streaming, Trust, Impulse Buying. This research aims to described the effect of live streaming and trust on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City. This research uses quantitative and associative methods. The total popula- tion is 869,609 residents spread across 5 sub-districts as representa- tives of Medan City. In determining the sample, the author used Slovin's theory with a sample of 100 and the sample collection technique used was non-probability sampling and used snowball sampling to deter- mine the sample. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear re- gression analysis. Based on the research results, it shows that (1) the live streaming variable has a significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City, (2) the trust variable has a significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City, (3) the live streaming variable, trust simultaneous- ly has a significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license Corresponding Author: Haryaji Catur Putera Hasman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 228, "top": 439, "width": 279, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faculty Of Economics And Business , Universitas Medan Area, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 496, "width": 92, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 512, "width": 442, "height": 120, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Currently, information and communication technology is developing very rapidly. The role of the internet in accessing information and communication is very important. The use of the internet among people in Indonesia is very familiar and has had a significant impact on internet use in Indonesia, making it easier and faster to meet people's needs. Internet users in Indonesia will reach 215.63 million people in the 2022-2023 period. The number of internet users is equivalent to 78.19% of Indonesia's total population of 275.77 million people, which means that Indonesian people are increasingly literate with the internet (APJII, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 632, "width": 442, "height": 105, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ecommerceis a dynamic set of economics, applications and business processes that connect consumer companies and certain communities through electronic transactions and trade in goods, services and information carried out electronically (Akbar and Alam, 2020). E-commerce has a positive impact on entrepreneurs because it reduces operational costs and can expand market share, which in turn can maximize profits and make it easier to develop the business. One of the advantages of e-commerce is that it does not require physical space to display products because they can be displayed online,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1166 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "so that everyone from various regions can see the products in detail and realistically. Distribution in business activities is vital because it connects buyers and sellers. The development of e-commerce and the internet will change the regional structure where human mobility over physical distances will decrease because many people prefer to access information via the internet network (Rachmawati, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 181, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Marketplacesis a model of e-commerce that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers. Examples include Shopee, Lazada, TokoPedia, and others. E- commerce growth in Indonesia increased sharply after the pandemic. At the beginning of 2020, online business transactions increased by around 33% with fantastic value. Its value from 253 trillion rupiah quickly increased to 337 trillion rupiah (BRIapi, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As technology and the marketplace develop, the level of consumer needs increases, the level of consumer needs influences lifestyle. Consumer shopping styles have changed from initially shopping traditionally, but now many are switching and shopping through marketplaces and the large number of marketplace users now creates a feeling of impulse buying in potential consumers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 442, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Impulse buyingis consumer behavior that without consideration makes product purchases or irrational purchases which are said to be smooth and unplanned purchases (Firmansyah, 2019). Impulse buying is an act of buying that is carried out without having a purchase intention formed before entering the shop (Mowen & Minor, 2012). The most important element in impulse buying is cognitive, meaning not considering the price and function of the product, not evaluating when buying a product. Then emotional, namely feelings that are encouraged to buy the product as quickly as possible and have happy feelings after buying the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 442, "height": 225, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Live streamingis an interactive and interesting media whose goal is to focus on the user by offering real-time interaction between customers and sellers (Fauziah, 2020). Live streaming has become the main channel for sellers to sell their products. Compared with traditional marketing, live streaming shopping has advantages in product percentage, cost, time, shopping experience and sales (Li et al., 2021). The emergence of consumer behavior that is lazy to search for information about products means that the marketing system requires new innovations that are easy to reach the public, such as live streaming. In the last four years, consumers have become more interested in shopping via live streaming services. With the increasing popularity of live streaming, many online users have started to spend a lot of time and money on these platforms, but it is not uncommon for consumers to get inappropriate goods through purchasing live streaming (Li and Kang, 2020). Based on the results of the Databoks survey, 2022 shows that 83.7% of Indonesians have watched live streaming on social commerce. Based on several existing platforms, live streaming on Shopee is the most widely used platform with a total of 83.4% surpassing live platforms, as shown in Figure 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1167 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 271, "width": 442, "height": 129, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Ranking of the Most Used Live Streaming Platforms Shopee is one of the largest e-commerce platforms in the quarter of 2023 in Indonesia. During the January-March 2023 period, Shopee achieved an average of 158 million visits per month and far exceeded its competitors (Datadoks, 2023). The widespread spread of digital technology and the internet has created many options for interacting and communicating with others (Mohlmann et al., 2018). One of them is Live streaming, while live streaming indicators are perceived quality, product credibility and discounts (Netrawati et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Live streamingraises consumer interest in making decisions because consumers feel the desire to buy products that are shown continuously (Wijaya & Wardani, 2019). In this case, consumers spontaneously focus their attention on the product being displayed in the hope that it meets the consumer's wishes (Fikri, 2018). Consumers feel the benefits of live streaming, because when live streaming is running, promotions appear, ranging from free fees, discounts and many other benefits. With the benefits felt by customers, it will lead to consumer behavior to make purchase intentions because consumers believe that there is no application that provides good and attractive offers among other applications (Fawahan & Marianingsih, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 442, "height": 195, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trustor trust is no less important in encouraging someone to make impulse purchases. Trust is defined as the belief that other people maintain expected commitments (Favian et al., 2022). Trust is one party's confidence in another party to carry out sales transactions for a product. Trust is a strategy that can reduce complexity. There are difficulties with gain the trust of potential consumers because it is not easy to build trust through the virtual realm, so the role of a live streamer is needed who is able to carry out quality live streaming to create a sense of consumer trust in a product that is being broadcast, thereby encouraging potential consumers to impulse buy. A person's trust in a product can be a measure of a company's success because it is not easy to build consumer trust in online shopping methods (Wongkitrungruen & Assarut, 2020). If companies can strengthen trust and commitment to communities in the virtual and non- virtual realm, then the success and survival of the community will last for a long period of time. Trust is a core and important part of creating relationships between companies and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1168 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "consumers. The trust indicators are belief, ease, quality of information and service quality (Hardiawan, 2013). Previous research stated that trust has a positive effect on impulse buying (Ratnawani, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 442, "height": 195, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The choice of research location is one of the researchers' considerations. Researchers took 5 sub-districts in Medan City as research locations. Medan City is the capital of North Sumatra province which consists of 21 sub-districts. Medan city is the third largest city in Indonesia after DKI Jakarta and Surabaya. Medan City will become a very important trade, industrial and business city in Indonesia in 2022. Medan City has a population of 2,460,858 people (BPS, 2022). Medan city is the right location to research. This is reinforced by a pre-survey that the author conducted with 60 respondents. The results showed that 49 (81.67%) respondents answered that they had never used Shopee live streaming and 11 (18.33%) respondents answered that they had never used Shopee live streaming. There were 49 respondents who answered that they had used Shopee live streaming. Researchers conducted a follow-up pre-survey to look at phenomena regarding live streaming variables, trust variables, and impulse buying variables.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 88, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Literature Review Live Streaming", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 376, "width": 441, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Live streamingis an interactive and interesting media that focuses on its users by offering real-time interaction between sellers and buyers (Siregar & Purnama, 2022). Live streaming is a technology that displays videos directly to many people (viewers) via the internet network (Setyawan et al., 2018). Live streaming is one way to promote products, because it is considered effective in communicating audio and visual (Faradiba, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 442, "height": 165, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of live streaming is to eliminate the complexity of communicating between sellers and buyers. Live streaming is one of the superior features used to offer products in e-commerce. Live streaming can increase sales because users can make purchases without having to leave the streaming page. Live streaming carried out by sellers is able to attract potential buyers. Consumers can feel the desire to buy products that are broadcast during live streaming and continue to watch the products that are being broadcast. In this case, potential consumers spontaneously focus their attention on the product being sold, potential consumers spend quite a lot of time watching the seller market the product being sold will be sold and consumers can interact via the chat column if the product displayed matches what potential consumers want. Live Streaming Indicators", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 616, "width": 441, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Netrawati et al (2021) there are three indicators to measure live streaming, among others", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 646, "width": 166, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Perception of product quality", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 661, "width": 426, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perception of product quality is important because it is one of the competitive advantage factors. If the perception of product quality can meet consumer needs and expectations, it will encourage the decision to buy a product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 706, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Host credibility", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1169 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 106, "width": 426, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The quality of the streamer who delivers live streaming is able to encourage potential consumers to make purchases and can increase potential consumers' trust in a company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 151, "width": 434, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Discount Discounts are one of the factors that encourage potential consumers to make purchases, because discounts are an attraction for consumers carry out transactions on products.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 28, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trust", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trust is a consumer's hope for a service provider whose services provided can be relied upon or trusted to keep promises in accordance with those previously offered (Siagian & Cahyono, 2014). Trust is also defined as the belief that other people maintain the expected commitment (Flavian et al., 2022). Trust is trust in users which is very much needed because it can influence the level of user loyalty so that it has a positive impact on what is felt (Colquitt, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 316, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trust is an individual's thoughts in collaborating with certain parties, so that a good cooperative relationship is formed. It is important for consumers to have knowledge related to trust in a product regarding an attribute of a product that is known to consumers. Without consumer trust in online purchases, online business owners cannot develop their business and perhaps there will be no consumers who want to buy products from that business.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 406, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trust built with parties who do not know each other well in interactions and transactions. Trust is the foundation of business. Trust cannot simply be acknowledged by other parties, but must be built from the start of the business and can be proven. According to Robin (2002) there are five dimensions of trust which are key in the concept of trust and can be used as trust parameters, among others", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 480, "width": 380, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Integrity, is the belief that the other party will be honest and act truthfully.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 83, "top": 495, "width": 269, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Competence, is interpersonal knowledge and skills.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 83, "top": 510, "width": 429, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Consistency, is reliability, predictability and correct decisions for individuals who face certain situations.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 540, "width": 431, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Loyalty, is the ability to protect consumer identity. According to Hardiawan (2013) there are four indicators of trust, among others 1. Beliefthat is, a person's belief in something that can influence a person's behavior.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 83, "top": 585, "width": 370, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Easenamely, a person's confidence in using a system easily or providing convenience.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 83, "top": 615, "width": 384, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Quality of informationthat is, the quality of the information one obtains can influence one's actions.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 83, "top": 645, "width": 425, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Service qualitynamely, business efforts to provide quality service so that customers feel satisfied.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 676, "width": 441, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So, based on the relationship between the variables above, the following conceptual framework can be obtain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1170 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 220, "top": 120, "width": 71, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "live streaming", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 157, "top": 136, "width": 109, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(X1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 180, "width": 393, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Impulse Buying(Y)", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 157, "top": 225, "width": 123, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trust(X2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 286, "width": 162, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Conceptual Framework", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 316, "width": 54, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 332, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research uses quantitative and associative methods which aim to show the independent and dependent variables partially. Quantitative methods are a way to find solutions to all problems posed (Subagyo, 2015). Quantitative research is a type of research that produces discoveries that can be obtained using statistical procedures (Sujarweni, 2014). The quantitative method in this research aims to prove that there is a significant influence of Live Streaming and Trust on Impulse Buying.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 422, "width": 442, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The location of this research will be carried out in Medan City. The city of Medan is very large and consists of 21 sub-districts, so the author took 5 sub-districts as representatives of Medan City with the highest population. The 5 sub-districts include Medan Deli District, Medan Marelan District, Medan Denai District, Medan Helvetia District and Medan Johor District. The planned research time will be carried out from December 2023 until completion. The following is the research time that the author plans.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 527, "width": 304, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Research Time 2023 2024 No Activity Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 1 Making Proposals 2 Proposal Seminar 3 Data collection", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 618, "width": 85, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Data analysis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 633, "width": 99, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Results Seminar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 648, "width": 120, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Green Table Session", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 673, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Population is a generalization area consisting of objects or subjects that have qualities and characteristics that are used by researchers to study and draw conclusions (Sugiyono, 2013). The population in Medan City is spread across 21 sub-districts, so this research took 5 sub-districts which represent Medan City with the largest population.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1171 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Like previous research conducted by Mustofa (2019) which took 5 sub-districts as representative samples which were considered capable of representing the population. The 5 sub-districts that are representatives include Medan Deli District with a population of 190,822 people, Medan Marelan District with a population of 186,391 people, Medan Denai District with a population of 171,908 people, Medan Helvetia District with a population of 166,332 people and Medan Johor District with a population of 154,096 people with a total of 869,609 residents (BPS, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The sample is part of the number of characteristics possessed by the population (Sugiyono, 2013). The sample can be said to be part of the population selected as observations for research which is considered to represent the population as a whole. Correct research is research that uses the right methods and chooses an appropriate sample size so that the research results can be relied upon on the actual population.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 442, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this research, the sampling technique used was non-probability sampling. Non- probability sampling is a sampling technique that does not provide an equal chance for each element or member of the population to be selected as a sample (Sugiyono, 2013). The operational definition of a research variable is an attribute or trait or value through an object or activity that has certain variations that have been determined by the researcher to be studied and then drawn conclusions (Sugiyono, 2015). Definitions of research variables must be formulated to avoid errors in data collection. The following operational definitions of variables are presented in the data table below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 406, "width": 432, "height": 316, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Variable Operationalization No Variable Variable Operationalization Indicator 1. live streaming(X1) Live streamingis wrong 1. Perception of quality one way to promote 2. Product credibility the product because it is considered effective 3. Discount can communicate audio (Netrawati et al, 2021). and visual (Faradiba, 2018). 2. Trust(X2) Trustis the belief that 1. Belief others can maintain 2. Ease committed trust that has been made 3. Quality of information given (Flavian et al., 2022). 4. Service quality (Hardiawan, 2013). 3. Impulse Buying(Y) Impulse buyingis 1. Spontaneous purchase an emotional decision 2. Mindless purchase or an urge that arises consequence suddenly (Sehiffman & 3. Rush purchase Kanuk, 2016). 4. Purchases are influenced attractive offer (Pontoh et al., 2017).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1172 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 120, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The scale used in this research is the Likert Scale. This scale is used to measure the level of agreement or disagreement with a question or statement. The Likert scale is also effective in measuring a person's opinions, attitudes and perceptions of social phenomena (Sugiyono, 2013). This scale has become popular among researchers because it is simple and easy to apply (Ghozali, 2018). By using a Likert scale, researchers can decompose variables into variable indicators and each indicator can be used as a basis for developing several research questions. The Likert scale uses five ranking rating numbers, namely with alternative research numbers as follows", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 226, "width": 184, "height": 106, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Variable Measurement Scale NO Answer Score 1 Strongly Disagree 1 2 Don't agree 2 3 Neutral 3 4 Agree 4 5 Strongly agree 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 341, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data collection was carried out to obtain the information needed to achieve the objectives of this research. In this research, the data collection method used is a survey method which is obtained directly in the form of opinions from Shopee application users in Medan City by answering all the questions in the questionnaire. The data sources used in this research are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 416, "width": 80, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Observation", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 431, "width": 394, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data collection technique is carried out by direct observation of the research object which is the data source.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 462, "width": 88, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Questionnaire", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 477, "width": 412, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A questionnaire is a data collection technique carried out by providing questions or written statements which are used to obtain information from respondents in the sense of reports regarding matters known to the respondent. Questionnaires in research can be in the form of closed or open questions or statements (Sugiyono, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 567, "width": 157, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 583, "width": 136, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respondent Characteristics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 442, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respondent characteristics are presented to determine the condition or background of respondents as a sample. The characteristics of respondents are described based on gender, age, occupation and users of the Shopee application and who have shopped via Shopee live streaming. The respondents in this research were 100 community representatives in Medan City, divided into 5 sub-districts, including Medan Deli District, Medan Marelan District, Medan Denai District, Medan Helvetia District and Medan Johor District.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 703, "width": 441, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Shopee consumers are male and female, so in this sampling, male and female samples were selected so that respondents could be measured appropriately and could", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1173 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "represent the population. The following data regarding the number of respondents based on gender can be seen in Table 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 136, "width": 285, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Gender", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 151, "width": 263, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Gender Number of Respondents Percentage % 1. Man 45 45 % 2. Woman 55 55 % Total 100 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 221, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Table 4, it can be seen that the number of male respondents was 45 respondents with a percentage of 45% and the number of female respondents was 55 respondents with a percentage of 55%. This shows that the people of Medan City are diverse The dominant female gender uses and shops more through the Shopee application.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 224, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Characteristics of Respondents Based on Age", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 442, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Age can measure a person's level of thinking from teenagers to old people, so this allows respondents to vary in terms of age. Shopee's target consumers are all ages. Therefore, the ages of the respondents studied in this study can be seen in Table 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 356, "width": 302, "height": 107, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Age No. Age Number of Respondents Percentage % 1. 15-19 years old 7 7 % 2. 20-26 years old 90 90 % 3. 27-35 years old 1 1.1 % 4. >35 years 2 2.2 % Total 100 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 442, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Table 5, it can be seen that the number of respondents aged 15-19 years was 7 respondents with a percentage of 7%, the number of respondents aged 20-26 years was 90 respondents with a percentage of 90%, the number of respondents aged 27-35 years was 1 respondent with a percentage of 1, 1% and the number of respondents aged >35 years was 2 respondents with a percentage of 2.2%. This shows that the majority of respondents are aged 20-26 years with a total of 90 respondents and predominantly use and shop via Shopee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 259, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Characteristics of Respondents Based on Occupation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 592, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One's job is one's source of income. Income is the cost a person earns to meet their needs or needs his wish. The income referred to in this research is the income that respondents get either from work or gifts from their parents. Respondent characteristics based on work can be seen in Table 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 652, "width": 340, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Occupation No. Work Number of Respondents Percentage % 1. Student/Students 88 88 % 2. Government employees 3 3 % 3. Private employees 2 2 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1174 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 106, "width": 340, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Work Number of Respondents Percentage % 4. Businessman 2 2 % 5. Other 5 5 % Total 100 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 442, "height": 120, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Table 6, it can be seen that the number of respondents from students was 88 respondents with a percentage of 86.7%, the number of respondents from civil servants was 3 respondents with a percentage of 3%, the number of respondents from private employees was 2 respondents with a percentage of 2%, the number There were 2 respondents from Entrepreneurship with a percentage of 2 and the number of respondents from Others was 5 respondents with a percentage of 5%. This shows that the people of Medan City who work as students predominantly use and shop through Shopee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Characteristics of Respondents Based on Representing Districts Medan city Medan City consists of 21 sub-districts, so this research took 5 sub-districts as representatives of Medan City based on the highest population. The characteristics of respondents based on sub-district as representatives of Medan City can be seen in Table 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 371, "width": 305, "height": 122, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 7. Characteristics of Respondents Based on District No. Subdistrict Number of Respondents Percentage % 1. Medan Deli 22 22 % 2. Medan Marelan 21 21 % 3. Denai Field 20 20 % 4. Helvetia Field 19 19 % 5. Medan Johor 18 18 % Total 100 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 502, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Table 7 it can be seen that 22 respondents with a percentage of 22% came from Medan Deli District, 21 respondents with a percentage of 21% came from Medan Marelan District, 20 respondents with a percentage of 20% came from Medan Denai District, 19 respondents came from Medan Helvetia subdistrict with a percentage of 19%, 18 respondents with a percentage of 18% came from Medan Johor subdistrict. Descriptive Statistical Analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 592, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Descriptive statistical analysis of respondents' answers regarding the Live Streaming variable (X1) is based on respondents' answers to the questions contained in the questionnaire distributed to respondents. Following are the respondents' answers which can be seen in Table 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 652, "width": 453, "height": 76, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 8.Respondents' Answers to the Live Streaming Variable (X1) Respondent's Answer Question STS T.S K.S S SS Mean Category No (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 1. Product quality can be marketed pushed me to do 1 1 10 47 41 4.26 Very", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1175 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 453, "height": 151, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respondent's Answer Question STS T.S K.S S SS Mean Category No (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) purchasen via live streaming shopee Agree 2. can be marketed pushed me to do purchase via live streaming Shopee. make a purchase via live streaming on Shopee. 53 35 4.19 Agree 3. I am interested in shop via live streamingin Shopee because dikson available like free shipping or discounts product - 3 6 35 56 4.44 Very Agree", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 442, "height": 120, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Table 8, it can be seen that the respondent's answer to the first statement is The quality of the product being marketed can encourage me to make a purchase via Shopee Live Streaming, 41 respondents (41%) answered strongly and agreed.as much 47 respondents (47%), who answered that they disagreed were 10 respondents (10%), who answered disagree was 1 respondent (1%) and who answered strongly disagree was 1 respondent (1%). The average value for the first statement is 4.26 and is in the valid category. This shows that the average respondent agrees that The quality of the products being marketed can encourage purchases via Shopee Live Streaming.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The respondent's answer to the second statement is The quality of the host in conveying information about products via Live Streaming can encourage me to make purchases via live streaming on Shopee , There were 35 respondents (35%) who answered strongly agree 53 respondents (53%), who answered disagreed as many as 8 respondents (8%), who answered disagree were 4 respondents (4%) and there were no respondents who answered strongly disagree. The average value for the second statement is 4.19 and is in the valid category. This shows that on average respondents agree that the quality of the host in conveying information about products via Live Streaming can encourage purchases via live streaming on Shopee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 527, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The respondent's answer to the second statement is The quality of the host in conveying information about products via Live Streaming can encourage me to make purchases via live streaming on Shopee , There were 35 respondents (35%) who answered strongly agree 53 respondents (53%), who answered disagreed as many as 8 respondents (8%), who answered disagree were 4 respondents (4%) and there were no respondents who answered strongly disagree. The average value for the second statement is 4.19 and is in the valid category. This shows that on average respondents agree that the quality of the host in conveying information about products via Live Streaming can encourage purchases via live streaming on Shopee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 665, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respondents' answers to the third statement, namely I am interested in shopping via Live Streaming on Shopee because there are discounts available such as free shipping or product discounts, There were 56 respondents (56%) who answered strongly agree 35 respondents (35%), those who answered disagree were 6 respondents (6%), those who answered disagree were 3 respondents (3%) and there were no respondents who", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1176 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "answered strongly disagree. The average value for the third statement is 4.4 and is in the valid category. This shows that on average respondents agree that there is interest in shopping via Live Streaming on Shopee because there are discounts available such as free shipping or product discounts.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 166, "width": 121, "height": 15, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Classic Assumption Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 181, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Normality Test aims to test whether in the regression model, the variables are normally distributed or not (Ghozali, 20018). In this study, the normality test looked at 3 stages, namely the histogram graph, p-plot test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. a.Graphic Analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 391, "width": 174, "height": 15, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Histogram graphic results", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 415, "width": 441, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 3, it can be seen from the results of the histogram graph that it is right in the middle like a bell shape and does not deviate to the right or left so that the data can be concluded to be normally distributed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 625, "width": 187, "height": 15, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. P-Plot Normality Test Graph", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 441, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 4. it can be seen that the points spread around the diagonal and follow the direction of the diagonal line. This shows that the data is normally distributed. Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 694, "width": 442, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The heteroscedasticity test aims to test whether the regression model has unequal variances from the residuals of one observation to another or not (Ghozali, 2018). To detect whether heteroscedasticity is occurring or not is by looking at the scatterplot", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1177 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "graph. If the points on the graph spread above and below the number 0 on the Y axis, then the data is declared to have no heteroscedasticity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 331, "width": 166, "height": 15, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 442, "height": 45, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 5, it can be seen that from the results of the heteroscedasticity test, the points on the scatterplot graph are spread randomly and do not form a clear pattern. So, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 415, "width": 231, "height": 15, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Live Streaming on Impulse Buying", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 430, "width": 442, "height": 225, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on research conducted by the author, from the t test the t value is obtainedcount> ttable(6.896 > 1.984) The conclusion is that the live streaming variable has a positive and significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City. This can be proven from the F test value with the F valuecount> Ftablenamely (41.534 > 3.09) which is positive and significant so that H1 can be proven true. The results of this research are in line with research conducted by Annisa & Vidya, (2022) with the title The Effect of Scarcity Messages and Live Streaming on Impulsive Buying Behavior (Empirical Study of Shopee Marketplace Customer Students in Semarang City) which shows that the Live Streaming variable has a significant effect on impulse. buying from Shopee application users. The results of this research are also in line with research conducted by Siwa, (2023) with the title The Effect Of Live Streaming, Celebrity Endorsement, And Flash Sale on The Impulse Buying Of Tiktok Shop Consumers which states that the research results show that Live streaming with other variables has a positive effect against impulse buying. So it can be concluded that live streaming is one way to cause behavior impulse buying.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 670, "width": 87, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 435, "height": 45, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results and discussion of research regarding live streaming and trust in impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City, it can be concluded as follows: Based on the research results, the live streaming variable has a positive and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 35, "width": 280, "height": 55, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 13 , Number 02, 2024, DOI 10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02 ESSN 2721-9879 (Online) https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 759, "width": 426, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An Influence Of Live Streaming And Trust On Impulse Buying Among Shopee Users In Medan City – Lovisca Stevany Sembiring et.al", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 456, "top": 795, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1178 | P a g e", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 435, "height": 300, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City so that the first hypothesis is accepted. Based on the research results, the trust variable has a positive and significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City so that the second hypothesis is accepted. Based on the research results, the variables live streaming, trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying among Shopee application users in Medan City so that the third hypothesis is accepted.for several indicators of each variable. As in the live streaming variable for the first statement (average value 4.26 in the strongly agree category), second statement (average value 4.19 in the agree category), third statement (average value 4.44 in the strongly agree category). agree). Next to the trust variable for the first statement (average value 3.90 in the agree category), second statement (average value 4.04 in the agree category), third statement (average value 4.12 in the agree category), fourth statement (average value 4.08 with the agree category). Furthermore, for the impulse buying variable, for the first statement (average value 3.66 with the agree category), second statement (average value 3.30 with the disagree category), third statement (average value 3.34 with the category less agree) and in the fourth statement (average value 4.19 with the agree category). This can be overcome by clearly displaying and increasing product benefits and quality as well as providing lots of promotions on live streaming to increase consumer purchases, both planned and impulsive purchases.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 421, "width": 71, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 435, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akbar, MA,. and Alam, NA 2020. E-commerce theory in business digital. We Write Foundation. 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[ { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "858", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 116, "width": 385, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI SIKADES (SISTEM INFORMASI KEPENDUDUKAN DESA) UNTUK KEMUDAHAN LAYANAN ADMINISTRASI DESA BERBASIS WEB MOBILE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 186, "top": 178, "width": 254, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fiftin Noviyanto, Tedy Setiadi, Iis Wahyuningsih Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Jogjakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 234, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 261, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disadari bahwa kondisi penyelenggaraan pelayanan masyarakat saat ini masih dihadapkan pada sistem pemerintahan yang belum efektif dan efisien serta kualitas sumber daya manusia aparatur yang belum memadai. Hal ini terlihat dari masih banyaknya keluhan dan pengaduan dari masyarakat baik secara langsung maupun melalui media massa, terkait dengan prosedur yang berbelit- belit, tidak ada kepastian jangka waktu, biaya yang harus dikeluarkan, persyaratan yang tidak transparan, petugas yang tidak profesional, sehingga menimbulkan citra yang kurang baik terhadap pemerintah. Perkembangan teknologi yang ada dapat digunakan untuk membantu penyelesaian masalah layanan publik tersebut. Salah satunya adalah web mobile.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 399, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah waterfall. Pengguna sistem ini meluputi: Warga, Dukuh, Lurah dan Camat. Sistem dirancang untuk menerima masukkan data dari warga terkait administrasi surat menyurat. Selanjutnya dilakukan verifikasi data oleh Dukuh dan Lurah sedangkan Camat dapat memantau warga dan administrasinya setiap desa dalam wilayah pemerintahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 482, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini berhasil mengimplementasikan SIKADES (Sistem Informasi Kependudukan Desa) yang memanfaatkan teknologi Web Mobile, untuk kemudahan layanan. Berdasarkan pengujian sistem serta pelatihan yang dilaksanakan sistem ini telah layak dikembangkan dan memungkinkan pengembangan untuk daerah lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 578, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Sistem informasi, kependudukan, web mobile", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 634, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 657, "width": 386, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyelenggaraan pelayanan masyarakat merupakan upaya negara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar dari hak-hak setiap warga negara atas barang, jasa, dan pelayanan administrasi yang disediakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik. Terkait dengan pelayanan masyarakat dimaksud, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengamanatkan kepada negara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar setiap warga negara demi kesejahteraannya, sehingga efektivitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "859", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 116, "width": 385, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyelenggaraan suatu pemerintahan sangat ditentukan oleh baik buruknya penyelenggaraan pelayanan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 144, "width": 386, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disadari bahwa kondisi penyelenggaraan pelayanan masyarakat saat ini masih dihadapkan pada sistem pemerintahan yang belum efektif dan efisien serta kualitas sumber daya manusia aparatur yang belum memadai. Hal ini terlihat dari masih banyaknya keluhan dan pengaduan dari masyarakat baik secara langsung maupun melalui media massa, terkait dengan prosedur yang berbelit-belit, tidak ada kepastian jangka waktu, biaya yang harus dikeluarkan, persyaratan yang tidak transparan, petugas yang tidak profesional, sehingga menimbulkan citra yang kurang baik terhadap pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 254, "width": 386, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan instansi pemerintah daerah terus meningkat. Selama tiga tahun (2008-2011) pemerintah daerah (pemda) merupakan lembaga yang paling banyak diadukan masyarakat. Pada 2011 ada 5.800 laporan pengaduan masyarakat dari 33 provinsi,masalah yang paling sering diadukan adalah tindakan penundaan berlarut, penyalahgunaan wewenang, penyimpangan prosedur, permintaan barang dan jasa, tidak kompeten, dan diskriminasi.Pemda merupakan instansi yang paling banyak diadukan dengan jumlah 671 pengaduan, diikuti oleh instansi pemerintah yang lain.Pengaduan masyarakat terkait terhadap Pemda adalah mengenai penundaan berlarut-larut. Terutama berkaitan pengurusan admi- nistrasi seperti KTP (Kartu Tanda Penduduk), akta kelahiran, dan surat tanah, dan perizinan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 420, "width": 386, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Senada dengan keluhan masyarakat secara umum terhadap pelayanan instansi pemerintah, masyarakat desa di seluruh kecamatan Samigaluh, Kulonprogo juga mengeluhkan pelayanan administrasi kependudukan Pemerintahan Desa. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pelayanan adminstrasi kependudukan di semua desa tersebut masihmenggunakan cara manual untuk pengolahan data tertulis dan metode pengarsipansebagai penyimpanan datanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 502, "width": 386, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya menyebabkan pendataan penduduk atau pelayanan administrasi secara umum membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan sering data manual yang ada sudah tidak akurat lagi. Di pihak lain keragaman masyarakat mempengaruhi aspirasi, tingkat kebutuhan dan kemampuannya, namun masyarakat secara luas memiliki kesamaan harapan dan keinginan terhadap pelayanan publik. Seluruh masyarakat berharap terhadap pelayanan yang cepat, handal dan dapat dipercaya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 599, "width": 386, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelayanan masyarakat di desa, kebanyakan masih berorientasi pada hardcopy yang membutuhkan banyak kertas. Semakin banyak kertas yang digunakan tentu saja membutuhkan banyak anggaran. Selain itu kertas dibuat dari kayu setiap 15 rim kertas ukuran A4 itu akan menebang 1 pohon. Setiap 7000 eks lempar koran yang dicetak setiap hari akan menghabiskan 10-17 pohon hutan. Permasalahan peremajaan hutan tidak secepat waktu menghabiskan kertas. Untuk itu diperlukan pola layanan baru yang tidak selalu berorientasi pada kertas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 710, "width": 386, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi informasi (hardware, software, dan jejaring komunikasi data) yang begitu pesat, merupakan suatu kebutuhan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan pendaftaran penduduk dan pencatatan sipil, serta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "860", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 116, "width": 386, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengelolaan data-informasinya. Karena teknologi informasi dimaksud tidak mengenal dimensi ruang (mengkaburkan batas geografik) dan waktu, sehingga pelayanan tersebut dapat didekatkan kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan cakupan ( coverage) pelayanan. Sementara data-informasi hasil pendaftaran penduduk dan pencatatan sipil menj adi akurat dan handal, karena perekaman data langsung (real time) dari outlet-outlet pelayanan ke database dan pengolahan data ( data agregat ) tanpa campur tangan manusia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 213, "width": 385, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah layanan publik tersebut adalah web mobile . Masyarakat dapat mengakses dana menggunakan sistem melalui berbagai perangkat yang terhubung dengan internet (handphone, komputer dan perangkat komunikasi lain). Sistem yang akan dikembangkan adalah SIKADES (Sistem informasi kependudukan desa).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 310, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. KAJIAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 333, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Kependudukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 156, "top": 347, "width": 357, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut beberapa pengertian dan keterangan tentang istilah kependudukan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 375, "width": 360, "height": 286, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.1. Administrasi Kependudukan adalah rangkaian kegiatan penataan dan penertiban dalam penerbitan dokumen dan data kependudukan melalui pendaftaran penduduk, pencatatan sipil, pengelolaan informasi penduduk serta pendayagunaan hasilnya untuk pelayanan publik dan pembangunan sektor lain. 2.1.2. Penduduk adalah WNI dan Orang Asing yang masuk secara sah serta bertempat tinggal di wilayah Indonesia sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. 2.1.3. Pendaftaran Penduduk adalah pencatatan biodata penduduk, pencatatan atas pelaporan Peristiwa Kependudukan dan pendataan penduduk rentan administrasi kependudukan serta penerbitan dokumen penduduk berupa identitas, kartu atau keterangan yang dikeluarkan oleh unit kerja yang mengelola pendaftaran penduduk di kabupaten/kota. 2.1.4. Peristiwa Kependudukan adalah kejadian yang dialami penduduk yang harus dilaporkan karena membawa implikasi terhadap penerbitan atau perubahan KK, KTP dan/atau Surat Keterangan Kependudukan lainnya meliputi pindah datang, perubahan alamat, pernikahan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 191, "top": 664, "width": 322, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perceraian, tinggal sementara, serta perubahan status tinggal terbatas menjadi tinggal tetap.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "861", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 250, "top": 336, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Peristiwa Kependudukan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 156, "top": 350, "width": 357, "height": 300, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.5. Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) adalah identitas resmi Penduduk sebagai bukti diri yang diterbitkan oleh Instansi Pelaksana yang berlaku di seluruh wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kartu ini wajib dimiliki bagi Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) dan Warga Negara Asing (WNA) yang memiliki Izin Tinggal Tetap (ITAP) yang sudah berumur 17 tahun atau sudah pernah kawin atau telah kawin. Anak dari orang tua WNA yang memiliki ITAP dan sudah berumur 17 tahun juga wajib memilki KTP. KTP bagi WNI berlaku selama lima tahun dan tanggal berakhirnya disesuaikan dengan tanggal dan bulan kelahiran yang bersangkutan. KTP bagi WNA berlaku sesuai dengan masa Izin Tinggal Tetap. Khusus warga yang telah berusia 60 tahun dan ke atas, mendapat KTP seumur hidup yang tidak perlu diperpanjang setiap lima tahun sekali. 2.1.6. Kartu Keluarga adalah Kartu Identitas Keluarga yang memuat data tentang susunan, hubungan dan jumlah anggota keluarga. Kartu Keluarga wajib dimiliki oleh setiap keluarga. Kartu ini berisi data lengkap tentang identitas Kepala Keluarga dan anggota keluarganya. Kartu keluarga dicetak rangkap 3 yang masing-masing dipegang oleh Kepala Keluarga, Ketua RT dan Kantor Kelurahan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 683, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 706, "width": 386, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Subjek penelitian ini adalah Impelementasi Sistem Informasi Kependudukan Desa. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat dalam mengurus surat menyurat dan administrasi desa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "862", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 116, "width": 385, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi penelitian berada di kecamatan Samigaluh dan sample penelitian di 2 desa dan 4 pedukuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 144, "width": 386, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model pengembangan sistem dilakukan dengan model waterfall, dimulai dengan pengumpulan data dan kebutuhan sistem. Proses pengumpulan data ini dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan perangkat desa, yang meliputi perwakilan warga, dukuh, kepala desa dan camat. Setelah data kebutuhan sistem terkumpul, selanjutnya dilakukan proses analisis data dan dirancang alur proses sistem. Berikutnya dilakukan implementasi dengan teknologi web mobile, bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah: MySQL untuk database, PHP sebagai serverside programming dalam framework CI. Langkah terakhir pada proses pengembangan aplikasi ini adalah pengujian sistem. Sistem diuji menggunakan 2 cara, yaitu: Blackbox test dan Alpha test. Blackbox test, dilakukan oleh programmer sistem sedangkan Alpha test dilakukan bersamaan dengan pelatihan pengguna (warga, dukuh, kepala desa dan camat)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 337, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 361, "width": 385, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menghasilkan Sistem Informasi Kependudukan Desa (SIKADES) dengan 4 level pengguna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 388, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1. Pengguna Sistem", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 402, "width": 370, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sesuai dengan kebutuhan sistem, berdasarkan survei dan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan, pengguna dibagi menjadi 4 level, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 430, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Warga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 443, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kepala Dukuh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 457, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kepala Desa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 471, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Camat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 485, "width": 365, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masing-masing memiliki level akses yang berbeda. Hak akses warga meliputi: pendaftaran sebagai warga baru, melakukan pendaftaran pembuatan surat menyurat dan melihat keberlanjutan pengajuan surat yang diajukan. Sedangkan hak akses Kepala Dukuh yaitu melihat pengajuan pembuatan surat dari warga dalam satu pedukuhan dan melakukan approvement terhadap pengajuan tersebut. Sedangkan hak akses Kepala Desa meliputi: melihat pengajuan surat dari warga di desa yang dipimpinnya, melakukan approvement terhadap pengajuan tersebut dan mencetak surat untuk dikirimkan ke kecamatan. Sedangkan Camat memiliki akses untuk melihat statistik data pengajuan surat, serta melihat rekap penduduk di setiap desa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 637, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2. Kebutuhan Sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 650, "width": 364, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengumpulan data, sistem yang akan dikembangkan memiliki fitur sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 678, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Permintaan surat pengantar KTP dan KK", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 692, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Permintaan surat pengajuan beasiswa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 706, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Permintaan surat kelahiran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 719, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Permintaan surat kematian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 733, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Permintaan surat nikah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "863", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Permintaan surat keterangan tinggal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 130, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Permintaan surat keterangan pindah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 144, "width": 364, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap fitur memiliki field yang perlu dimasukkan berdasarkan form yang telah ada. Namun sistem akan menanganinya dengan lebih efisien, misalnya data penduduk pada surat pengajuan beasiswa, maka warga hanya perlu memasukkan NIK tanpa harus mengisikan biodata lain yang telah ada di sistem.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 213, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.3. Implementasi Sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 226, "width": 364, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Administrator Halaman administrator merupakan halaman web untuk mengakses menu- menu Camat, Kepala Desa dan Kepala Dukuh. Alamat website untuk masuk ke halaman ini yaitu: www.admin.samigaluh.net", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 435, "width": 291, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Halaman login Administrator Hak akses pada menu administrator dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 462, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Camat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 476, "width": 350, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan rancangan, camat memiliki hak akses untuk melihat rekap dan laporan data warga seluruh desa di bawah kecamatan Samigaluh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 517, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menu utama camat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 177, "top": 531, "width": 336, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada menu ini, camat dapat melihat data desa dan dukuh di bawah pemerintahannya, Data penduduk berdasarkan desa, data surat yang masuk dan prosesnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "864", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 266, "top": 116, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Menu utama Camat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 130, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tampilan data desa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 203, "top": 144, "width": 310, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada menu ini, camat dapat melihat nama-nama desa di bawah pemerintahannya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 276, "top": 300, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Halaman data desa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 185, "top": 328, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tampilan Warga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 185, "top": 342, "width": 328, "height": 307, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada halaman menu penduduk ini, Camat dapat melihat warga yang ada di setiap desa. Gambar 5. Tampilan data warga setiap desa 4. Tampilan Menu Surat Menyurat Tampilan menu surat menyurat untuk Camat, berisi rekap surat menyurat yang telah dikirim oleh warga dan diproses oleh Dukuh maupun Kepala Desa.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "865", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 270, "top": 310, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Menu surat menyurat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 352, "width": 310, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Gambar 7 ditampilkan data surat menyurat yang diajukan oleh warga beserta keterangan validasi dari Dukuh maupun Kepala Desa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 504, "width": 273, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Tampilan data surat menyurat b. Lurah/ Kepala Desa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 203, "top": 532, "width": 310, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menu pada hak akses Kepala Desa tidak jauh berbeda dengan camat, perbedaannya terletak pada ruang lingkup akses data.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "866", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 189, "top": 393, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. Tampilan data Pedukuhan di bawah pemerintahan desa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 254, "top": 636, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Tampilan menu kepala desa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 649, "width": 328, "height": 81, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Dukuh Batasan akses pada dukuh terletak pada ruang lingkup akses data yang hanya seputar pedukuhan yang dipimpinnya. Seperti halnya Kepala Desa, Dukuh memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan approvement terhadap surat yang diajukan warganya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "867", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 185, "top": 116, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Warga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 130, "width": 311, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Platform yang digunakan untuk mengakses aplikasi SIKADES ini dapat dilakukan melalui mobile maupun desktop. Untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 171, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengakses pada halaman warga, melalui alamat:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 203, "top": 192, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "www.samigaluh.net", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 185, "top": 213, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Pengaksesan Web melalui desktop", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 203, "top": 233, "width": 310, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Warga dapat mengakses aplikasi ini melalui desktop. Tampilan akan mengikuti resolusi layar monitor yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 477, "width": 263, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Tampilan SIKADES diakses dari desktop", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 497, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Pengaksesan web melalui mobile", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 203, "top": 518, "width": 311, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan pengaksesan melalui mobile, aplikasi juga akan menyesuaikan dengan resolusi perangkat mobile -nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "868", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 197, "top": 486, "width": 304, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 11. Halaman menu warga yang diakses dari perangkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 507, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mobile", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 551, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.4. Pengujian Sistem", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 565, "width": 364, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian sistem dilakukan setelah aplikasi selesai diimplementasikan. Menggunakan pengujian black box test dan Alpha test. Pengujian Black box test dilakukan oleh programmer dengan input data pada sistem. Sedangkan Alpha test melibatkan pengguna yaitu:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 620, "width": 364, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Camat, Lurah, Dukuh dan warga. Perangkat yang digunakan adalah Handphone dan Personal Computer (PC). Berdasarkan pengujian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa sistem telah dapat digunakan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 696, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 709, "width": 364, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian pengembangan aplikasi SIKADES berbasis web mobile, antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL INFORMATIKA Vol. 8, No. 1, Januari 2014", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "869", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 364, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Telah dikembangkan Sistem Informasi Kependudukan Desa (SIKADES) di Kecamatan Samigaluh yang melibatkan 2 Desa dan 4 kelurahan. Pengguna sistem ini meliputi: Camat, Lurah, Dukuh dan Warga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 171, "width": 364, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sistem telah diujicoba oleh programmer maupun pengguna menggunakan perangkat mobile dan personal Computer (PC).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 199, "width": 343, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengujian tersebut, sistem dapat digunakan dan dioptimalkan untuk pengelolaan data administrasi kependudukan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 254, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 268, "width": 366, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1]. Khayat Muhammad, 2005, Pengembangan Sistem Informasi dan Administrasi Kependudukan Multiuser , Skripsi S1, Universitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 177, "top": 295, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 148, "top": 309, "width": 365, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2]. Pressman,R.S., 2010, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach 7/e , McGraw-Hill, New York .", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 220, "top": 107, "width": 161, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUARA: Jurnal Olahraga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 128, "width": 162, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2655-1896 ISSN 2443-1117 https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v6i2.1215", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 189, "width": 362, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sports Education Learning Program Evaluation in Senior High School", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 207, "width": 445, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 1,2,3 Department of Physical Education, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Cirebon, Street. Perjuangan No.17, Karyamulya, Cirebon City, Jawa Barat 45131, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 247, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*e-mail: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 277, "width": 103, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Info Artikel ____________________ Article History :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 319, "width": 98, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received 28 December 2020 Approved 05 May 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 342, "width": 82, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published 13 May 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 358, "width": 103, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "____________________ Keywords: CIPP Evaluation, Physical Education, Evaluation", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 191, "top": 277, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 288, "width": 303, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "____________________________________________________________", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 304, "width": 332, "height": 207, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to evaluate the high school level sports education learning program. In conducting the study, the evaluation involved the CIPP model. Then, the research informants consisted of the principal, the vice-principal, 2 Sports Education teachers, and ten students from each class X, Class XI, and Class XII. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative analysis. Based on the research results and discussion of the evaluation of the Physical Education learning plan for SMA Negeri 1 Babakan in the study, it can be concluded that the learning program of SMA Negeri 1 Babakan was carried out well, with an average score of 83.5%. Learning Assessment and Learning Management has reached 59.25 or 78.00% and is included in the \"Good\" category. Evaluation of input related to teachers' educational background, training programs, and sports education learning facilities. Based on the results of interviews, observations, and documentation that have been carried out, it was found that the evaluation of the input of the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan was included in the \"Very Good\" category; with a score of 14.25 or 89.06%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 532, "width": 210, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "© 2021 Handayani Nila Praja, Rivo Panji Yudha Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 559, "width": 271, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Alamat korespondensi: Street. Perjuangan No.17, Karyamulya, Cirebon City E-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 622, "width": 210, "height": 143, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sports education as an educational process that is beneficial for physical activities should be planned systematically to foster and foster individuals both in terms of organic, neuromuscular, perceptual, social, and emotional aspects within the framework of the national education system. More specifically, the formulation of the objectives", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 595, "width": 211, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "of Sports Education is that \"Sports Education in schools has three missions and one of these missions is that Sports Education targets the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a broader and basic definition (Giriwijoyo et al., 2007). ). This statement is supported by the proposition (Rosdiani, 2016), which states that \"the mission of Sports Education is included in the learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 34, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "223", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "objectives, including the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 211, "height": 408, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "However, in the implementation process, the quality of physical education learning has been considered starting from the elementary school, middle school, and even college levels. This situation has been raised and reviewed by several observers of physical education. (Kasriman, 2016). This condition is caused by several factors, such as the limited capacity of Sports Education teachers and limited resources that may support the learning process of Sports Education (Widodo, 2016). The Sports Education teacher responsible for implementing sports education learning more directs his students to master basic techniques in sports (Kasriman, 2016). According to (Widoyoko 2013), one of the essential factors to achieve educational goals is the learning process. One of the critical factors for learning effectiveness is the evaluation factor of the learning process and learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 547, "width": 211, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluation is seen as an action to determine the success of the education program that has been followed (Yudha, 2016). Evaluation refers to activities or processes in assessing a subject or object. Thus, through evaluation, the teacher can determine the extent of student learning achievement (Ananda & Rafida, 2017). On the other hand, evaluation can be seen as an assessment of the results that have been achieved from the implementation of specific", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "activities. Thus, evaluation can be a tool to measure the extent to which a goal has been completed within a certain period according to the duration of the activity. Therefore, the evaluation must be accurate, valid, and reliable and provide general information (Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 211, "height": 256, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Budiwanto, (2012) Evaluation is a systematic process that can determine value based on data collected through measurement (Budiwanto, 2012). According to Dimyati & Mudjiono (2013), in general, evaluation can be defined as a systematic process that can determine values or something (goals, activities, decisions, performance, processes, people, objects) based on specific evaluation criteria (Dimyati, 2013). Subali explained (2014) that evaluation is a process of understanding, giving meaning, obtaining and communicating information for decision making (Subali, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 490, "width": 211, "height": 257, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The CIPP Model stands for Context, Input, Process, and Product Approach Model, which was developed by Stufflebeam and Shinkfield (1985). The CIPP model provides a systematic way of looking at various aspects of the curriculum development process (Nuruhidin et al., 2018; Patil & Kalekar, 2015). As a result, users who adopt the CIPP model will be enabled to evaluate schools comprehensively (Aldapit & Suharjana, 2019). The CIPP model is applied systematically to assess whether a program has been implemented according to the appropriate stages (Mulyatiningsih, 2018). In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 34, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "224", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 180, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terms of context, aspects that must be evaluated include the relevance of the Sports Education learning program in SMA (specifically SMA Negeri 1 Babakan where the study is conducted) with the curriculum that regulates. Then in terms of input, aspects that must be evaluated include the educational background of the Sports Education teacher and the relevance of learning facilities Sports", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 211, "height": 219, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education concerning the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 40 of 2008 concerning SMK Standards. Secondary school facilities issued by the National Education Standards Agency. Furthermore, in terms of the process aspect, the aspects that must be evaluated include implementing sports education learning. Finally, in terms of product, the element that must be considered is student achievement in the form of the final grade of Sports Education in odd semesters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 490, "width": 211, "height": 257, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The evaluation of the physical education curriculum at the RSBI Malang State Junior High School has a good standard (Saputra, 2014). The management of physical education, physical education, and health education programs at the Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Islamic Boarding School includes the availability of learning media, learning media, teaching staff, infrastructure, and environmental conditions, if the process is classified as good (Suhaidin, 2015). In addition, related to the implementation of physical education, the previous finding used as a reference was the plan for implementing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 105, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "health PJOK learning at State Elementary Schools, Jatilawang District, Banyumas Regency (Purwidariyatmoko, 2011). Based on the facts about the importance of the study plan, some experts conducted sufficient research to evaluate the study plan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 206, "width": 211, "height": 370, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Especially for this research, from a different point of view as the administrator of the Special Sports Class, SMA Negeri 1 Babakan Cirebon Regency serves the needs of gifted students through training programs and sports education. Health and exercise must go hand in hand following the curriculum that has been established. This principle applies to all students, both from regular classes and from special sports classes. This is very important because all students are expected to achieve competency standards and essential competencies in Sports Education. As a result, the learning process at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan Cirebon Regency experienced several obstacles. The tight schedule of championship matches and monitoring programs has caused some Sports Education teachers to become coaches in the exceptional service of sports talent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 585, "width": 210, "height": 162, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In contrast, other Sports Education teachers become coaches of particular sports and focus on training programs and championship matches. One example that perhaps best illustrates this obstacle is that a teacher must accompany his students in a championship match. As a result, the teacher has to leave the teaching and learning process in the regular class, not in the particular", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 34, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "225", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sports class. Of course, the achievement of sports education goals is less than optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 211, "height": 256, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "With this evaluation, the teacher will assess the extent to which the learning program in an academic unit has been implemented. Furthermore, through the assessment results, the teacher will be able to reflect and pursue future improvements. Therefore, teachers may perceive that monitoring activities will be beneficial if supervisors provide teachers with a sense of security by supporting teachers' assessments even though their assessments may be wrong. Teachers should view that supervisors serve and help them become more effective teachers (Panigrahi, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 395, "width": 211, "height": 162, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seeing these conditions, it is clear that the implementation of teacher learning needs to be carried out with strategies and program evaluations planned following school goals. The results of this analysis are then used as directions and recommendations to maintain strengths and increase profits from opportunities while reducing weaknesses and avoiding threats.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 566, "width": 211, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then departing from the overall description, it is deemed necessary to look at the Sports Education learning program that has been implemented at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan, Cirebon Regency as the organizer of the Sports Special Class. To assess the implementation of the Sports Education learning program, the CIPP Evaluation Model will be adopted in the performance of learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 125, "width": 211, "height": 275, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study uses a descriptive approach considering that the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) for the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan can be pursued in more depth following the existing conditions natural setting paradigm. Then, the researcher himself can be an instrument of data collection. Then the subjects involved in this study were 1 Principal, 1 Deputy Principal (Curriculum), 2 Sports Education Teachers, and ten students in Class X, Class XI, and Class XII. Instruments that have been implemented for measurement activities consist of Observation, Interview, and Documentation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 409, "width": 211, "height": 200, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data analysis refers to the process of organizing and sorting data into specific patterns, categories, or fundamental units to identify themes and formulate working hypotheses that the data have proposed. In carrying out the research, the data analysis technique used is a descriptive qualitative analysis by describing and interpreting the data from every aspect that is evaluated, namely qualitative data, which is concluded in quantitative data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 618, "width": 211, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then, the data from the evaluation of the input and process components were analyzed and presented with a quantitative approach. In contrast, the constraints in implementing the 2013 Curriculum were analyzed and presented with a qualitative approach. The data that has been collected is then calculated, and the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 34, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "226", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "percentage obtained is converted into the conversion table that has been stated", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 92, "width": 446, "height": 148, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Sugiyono, 2018). Table 1. Interview, Observation, and Documentation Instrument Guidelines No. Evaluation Indicator Data source Technique Instrument 1 Context Relevance of Learning Instruments with Core Competencies-Basic Competencies of Curriculum 2013 Silabus, RPP Documentation, Interview Observation Documentation Interview guidelines 2 Input 1. Teacher Background", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 152, "top": 293, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Teacher Training", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 229, "width": 443, "height": 317, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Sports Facilities Teacher (Certificate) (Decision Letter) Teacher (Certificate) Deputy Principal (Equipment Inventory) Documentation, Interview Documentation, Interview Observation Observation, Documentation, Interview guidelines Observation, Documentation, Interview guidelines Observation sheet, Documentation 3 Process 1. Learning process 2. Assessment Process Principal Deputy Principal, Teachers, Students Principal Deputy Principal, Teachers, Students Interview Observation Interview Observation Observation sheet, Interview Guide Observation sheet, Interview Guide 4 Product Student learning outcomes Student Report Results Documentation, Interview Observation sheet, Interview Guide", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 569, "width": 150, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 211, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this section, the results found will be further elaborated and followed by discussing the findings as a whole. Each aspect can be consulted in the following subsections.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 668, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Findings", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 682, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study results were obtained from interviews with the Principal, Deputy Principal, Teachers, and Students of Sports Education. Interviews were conducted to get", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 569, "width": 211, "height": 181, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "more in-depth results about how the context of the curriculum applied at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan, how the learning process of Sports Education took place at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan. Senior High School and how the learning outcomes of Sports Education have been achieved at the State Senior High School 1 Babakan. In addition, the information obtained from the interview was confirmed and verified through verification and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 34, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "227", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "documentation of existing documents related to the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan. The overall results that have been achieved based on context, input, process, and results can be described as follows (Table 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Departing from interviews and data reduction results to produce findings, it appears that the learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan has been carried out well,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 211, "height": 161, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "with an average score of 83.5%. This statement can be confirmed by the results of observations and interviews that have been conducted with the Principal, Deputy Principal, and 2 Sports Education Teachers. The findings above will then be translated into each component of the context evaluation for the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 282, "width": 413, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Evaluation Value of Sports Education Learning Context at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 305, "width": 333, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Informant ∑ Items Max Score Score Persentase Category 1 Headmaster 25 100 85 85% Very good 2 Vice Principal 25 100 84 84% Very good 3 Teacher 1 25 100 82 82% Very good 4 Teacher 2 25 100 83 83% Very good Average 83.5 83.5% Very good", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 399, "width": 40, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Context", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 210, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The context referred to in the research relates to the facts found in the field about the Sports Education learning program implemented at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan. Then the context in the Sports Education learning program is as follows (Table 4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 210, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The context evaluation consists of two indicators, namely the subject matter following the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 24 of 2016 concerning Core Competencies-Basic Competencies. Based on the Principal's statement, it can be seen that the design of the learning implementation that the teacher has made refers to the National Ministerial Regulation Number 24 of 2016 concerning Core Competencies and Basic Competencies for subject matter in the 2013 Curriculum. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 398, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "scope of Elementary and Middle School Degree Education has been implemented correctly. The proof, the total score is 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 455, "width": 210, "height": 295, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To analyze the relevance of the learning program material for Sports Education implemented at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan, it is documented the syllabus and lesson plans that the Sports Education teacher has designed. The delivery of the material has been following its relevance in the cognitive domain and the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies, namely 10 Basic Competencies in the 2013 Curriculum, namely 10 Basic Competencies, and 17 learning materials. However, in practice, material delivery has not been maximized because 16 of the 17 materials have been sent. The material that has not been appropriately conveyed is Swimming. The obstacle behind this is the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "228", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "unavailability of learning facilities, namely the swimming pool.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 211, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Before designing learning administration in the form of Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, Book 4, and Book 5, Sports Education teachers mapped Core Competencies and Basic Competencies following Core", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 225, "width": 210, "height": 219, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Competencies and Basic Competencies that have been formulated in the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 24 of 2006. Observation results: What has been done is to ensure that the learning process implemented follows the 2013 Curriculum. Following the process in the 2013 Curriculum, the teacher prepares a learning program based on the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies that have been determined by the Ministry and then develops the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies into", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achievement Indicators Competencies (GPA). Competency Achievement Indicator). Based on the description above, it is clear that the design of the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan has been implemented at the beginning of the school year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 210, "height": 200, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The method that has been applied in designing the Sports Education learning program is by holding official meetings between subject leaders and teachers, socializing the workload and duties of teachers as well as the latest regulations issued by the Ministry, analyzing Core Competencies and Basic Competencies, designing programs, presenting programs, validating programs. , revise the program (if any) and obtain program authorization from the leadership.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 453, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Evaluation Value of Learning Program Context at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 478, "width": 338, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Informant ∑ Items Max Score Score Persentase Category 1 Headmaster 2 8 8 100% Very good 2 Vice Principal 2 8 8 100% Very good 3 Teacher 1 2 8 8 100% Very good 4 Teacher 2 2 8 8 100% Very good Average 8 100% Very good", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Input", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 592, "width": 210, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Sports Education learning program inputs at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan are the educational background of the Sports Education teacher, the history of training education, and the supporting facilities for the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 725, "width": 182, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluation of inputs related to the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 573, "width": 210, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "educational background of Sports Education teachers and the history of education and training that Sports Education teachers have participated in improving their competencies. Based on the results of interviews, observations and documentation, it appears that the evaluation of the learning program input at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 14.25 or", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "229", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "89.06%.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 400, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Evaluation Value of Sports Education Learning Inputs at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 137, "width": 331, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Informant ∑ Items Max Score Score Persentase Category 1 Headmaster 4 16 15 93.75% Very good 2 Vice Principal 4 16 14 87.50% Very good 3 Teacher 1 4 16 15 93.75% Very good 4 Teacher 2 4 16 13 81.25% Very good Average 14,25 89.06% Very good", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teacher Background", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 251, "width": 210, "height": 313, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regarding the learning program, two teachers have taught Sports Education at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan. Based on the results of observations and documentation that have been carried out, it is known that the Sports Education learning program has met the qualification standards issued by the Ministry, namely graduates of Strata 1 (S1) Sports Education Study Program. Program. One of the lecturers is a graduate of the Education Study Program for Sports, Sports and Health, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of 17 August 1945, Cirebon. Other teachers are subject teachers who have been certified or professional. Thus, the evaluation of the input components is included in the \"Very Good\" category.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teacher Training", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 592, "width": 210, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To improve the quality of performance and professionalism, Sports Education teachers must undergo a training program. The training program for teachers has become one of the activities organized by the government and schools. At the same time, self-training programs should be followed by teachers to improve their skills. In determining the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 232, "width": 210, "height": 294, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Babakan 1 Senior High School as a pilot project for implementing the 2013 Curriculum in Senior High Schools in Sleman Regency and other State Senior High Schools, Babakan 1 State Senior High School has become the target of a training program as preparation for its intended implementation. Therefore, 2013 Curriculum workshops are held more frequently in public high schools than in other high schools. From the relationship between the instructor's competence and the training material, it can be seen that the relevance of the instructor's competence to the training program material that has been followed is in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 14.25 or 89.06%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 536, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sports Facilities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 554, "width": 210, "height": 181, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results of observations that have been made, it can be seen that the supporting facilities for Sports Education at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan have met the standard with a score of 86.11 or, in other words, already owned by the school. \"Very Good\" category. However, some facilities such as swimming pools, swimming equipment, and gymnastic equipment are still minimal, so there are some obstacles in implementing the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "230", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "learning process.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Process", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 210, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The evaluation process of the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan consists of a learning process, assessment, and learning management. The results of the interviews, in this case, can be seen in Table 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 244, "width": 210, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results in Table 5, it can be seen that the evaluation process consisting of the learning process, assessment, and learning management obtained an average score of 63", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 219, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "or 85.52% and thus included in the \"Very Good\" category. Each indicator in process evaluation can be described in the following section. In designing lesson plans, teachers must first analyze the core competencies and essential competencies of the subjects. Then map and develop Competency Achievement Indicators, ranging from spiritual attitudes to social attitudes, knowledge aspects, and skills aspects. Competency Achievement Indicators must be achieved by students and must be applied by teachers in the learning process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 320, "width": 407, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Evaluation Value of Sports Education Learning Process at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 346, "width": 331, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Informant ∑ Items Max Score Score Persentase Category 1 Headmaster 19 76 64 84.21% Very good 2 Vice Principal 19 76 60 78.95% Good 3 Teacher 1 19 76 63 82.89% Very good 4 Teacher 2 19 76 65 81.25% Very good Average 63 85.52% Very good", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 210, "height": 295, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The observations on 2 Sports Education teachers showed an average score of 64 and included in the \"Very Good\" category. At the beginning of the learning process, the teacher gives 10 minutes for students to change clothes and then proceed with implementing the learning process in class. The teacher greets the students and leads the prayer first; Then, they motivate students and prepare students to participate in the learning process of Sports Education. Next, the teacher explains the learning objectives and also the sequence of learning activities. In the core learning activity, the teacher stimulates students by playing a soccer game video and asks students to analyze the soccer game through group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 440, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "discussions. Next, the teacher asks challenging questions related to soccer learning materials. Ball and allow students to answer the question.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 497, "width": 210, "height": 238, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Furthermore, the teachers invite students to ask each other, and they can give their answers based on various literature sources that have been read. After the activity was over, the teachers went to the field with the teachers as facilitators. The students warmed up and then performed the basic techniques in soccer and the patterns of the game that had been learned in groups. Next, students practice what they have learned, and the teacher provides corrections for the exercise. At the end of the activity, the teacher conducts a psychomotor assessment. After", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 105, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "that, students cool down and, at the same time, reflect on the learning process. Next, the teacher provides feedback and assignments. In the closing part of the learning activities, the teacher informs the learning activities for the next meeting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 210, "height": 276, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results of interviews with students obtained an average value of 82.50. This average value is already linear with the results of the evaluation to students and the effects of observations that have been made. The implication is that the learning process has been carried out well. At this point, students can understand the learning material presented by the teacher. Teachers deliver learning materials in an easy and fun way: they always provide opportunities for students to observe, ask questions, collect data, reason, and communicate learning materials. At the same time, students also understand the tasks given by the teacher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 491, "width": 210, "height": 256, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The assessment process in the learning process refers to the stages of seeing the level of success of the planned learning program. In the assessment process, several factors become reference materials, namely, understanding the teacher's concept and the application of assessment. The assessment factor, namely the understanding of the teacher's concept and the application of authentic assessment in the Sports Education learning program, shows that the teacher may already understand the concept and application of the assessment. Still, its implementation in the field is not optimal. The concept and application of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "final semester exam at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan are good. This statement was reinforced by the official meeting process where the official educational calendar was reviewed related to the mid-semester exam schedule, the time machine for the design of questions, and the like.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 210, "height": 333, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Learning management is very important in regulating the teaching process. At SMA Negeri 1 Babakan, the management of physical education includes several indicators. One indicator is related to the relationship between schedule and course structure (courses and learning load). This indicator is included in the \"Very Good\" category. The schedule itself has been adjusted to the teaching workload and course structure. Specifically, physical education has time study 1-6 hours every day. Classification of student interests is also perfect. Starting from the 2019/2020 school year, student interests have been following official regulations. When registering new students, student interests are classified according to the standard of interest classification.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 567, "width": 210, "height": 180, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Furthermore, the division of tasks and the burden of teaching teachers are following ministerial regulations, a minimum of 24 hours, and other duties such as homeroom teachers and school health officers. Then the relevance of the number of students in each class at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is good with 32 students in each class. The number and time of receipt of 2013 Curriculum textbooks is 50.00% or is in the \"Good\" category;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "232", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 105, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "However, many obstacles are still to be faced. Books arrive at the beginning of the school year, but these textbooks must be stamped first and closed. The whole process takes a long time until all the texts reach the students' hands.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 210, "height": 181, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Support for learning facilities in implementing the learning process for Sports Education at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is good. The facilities have met the standards and are also adequate. However, some learning materials for Sports Education may not be put into practice because of the distance between the school and the training grounds and because of permission from the school itself, such as Swimming.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 396, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Product", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 415, "width": 210, "height": 143, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluation of the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is directed at student learning outcomes; These results are collected from various exams, assignments, and even assessments carried out by teachers in their teaching and learning process. Student success is determined by the minimum achievement score (KKM,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 567, "width": 210, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minimum Completeness Criteria). The minimum achievement that has been set at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is B for Core Competency 1, B for Core Competency 2, and 75 for Core Competence 3 and Core Competency 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 210, "height": 67, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Overall, the physical education program results at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan have reached or are included in the \"good\" category. Class X, XI, and XII students show that the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 219, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "core competence of mental attitude 1 is in the \"good\" category, and core competence 2 of social attitudes is in the \"good\" category. In the excellent category, the core competencies of the three knowledge areas are included in the superb category with an average score of 82.45, and the core competencies of 4 skills are included in the good category with an average score of 80.30. This value is the average score of students for the 2019/2020 school year in the physical education lesson plan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 332, "width": 55, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 351, "width": 210, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the CIPP Evaluation Model for the learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan, which have been described in the previous section, will be discussed further in the next section.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 446, "width": 210, "height": 275, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the study results, the evaluation of the context of the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan was included in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 100.00%. These results were obtained from interviews with related parties related to the evaluated program. Then the context evaluation consisted of two components, namely the relevance of Sports Education and the socialization mechanism that supported the relevance of Core Competencies and Basic Competencies of Sports Education. In connection with these results, (Mulyatiningsih 2018) states that context evaluation activities include tracing the effects of needs analysis through background", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "233", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "studies and reviewing the relevance between program objectives and student needs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 210, "height": 352, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Sports Education learning program taught at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan consists of 10 Basic Competencies and 17 compulsory learning materials. At the same time, these programs have also been equipped with Spiritual Attitudes and Social Attitudes Competencies. Then depart from the results of context evaluation studies shows that the relevance of teaching materials follows the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 24 of 2016 and is thus included in the \"Very Good\" category. The socialization mechanism to support the relevance of Core Competencies and Basic Competencies in Sports Education is included in the \"Very Good\" category. The context component of the socialization process of the Sports Education learning program is following the program that has been designed or school regulations concerning government regulations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 491, "width": 210, "height": 256, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then, the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan will always be designed at the beginning of the new school year. The method adopted in developing the Sports Education learning program consists of meeting sessions between school leaders and teachers, socialization of teacher workloads and assignments as well as the latest regulations issued by the Ministry, analysis of Core Competencies and Basic Competencies, program design, presentation of learning programs, validation program, program revision (if any) and recognition of learning programs by the leadership. This result is supported by a statement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "from (Patil & Kalekar, 2015), which states that the philosophy in designing program objectives must follow the teacher's ideology.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 149, "width": 210, "height": 162, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluation of inputs related to teachers' educational background, training programs, and learning facilities for Sports Education. Based on the results of interviews, observations and documentation, it was found that the evaluation of the input for the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan was included in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 14.25 or 89.06%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 320, "width": 210, "height": 427, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Input evaluation is carried out to identify and assess material resources, tool resources, human resources, and cost sources to implement the selected program (Mulyatiningsih, 2018). This fact follows the academic qualification standards of SMA / Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers as stated in the attachment to the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 16 of 2007 concerning Teacher Qualification and Competency Standards (2007, p.3). In this formulation, it is stated that teachers at the SMA / Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level or other equivalent levels of education must have a minimum academic educational qualification of Diploma IV (D-IV) or Strata-I (SI). For subjects that have been taught and a minimum qualification of educational academics must be obtained from an accredited study program. Then, to improve teacher performance and professionalism related to learning programs, Sports Education teachers must also undergo training programs. The training program for teachers is one of the activities that have been carried out by both the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "234", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "government and the school. At the same time, self-training programs should be followed by teachers as well to improve their skills.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 210, "height": 314, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "With the stipulation of SMA Negeri 1 Babakan as a pilot project for implementing the 2013 Curriculum at the high school level and seven other high schools, automatically, the teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan become targets. Of the training program as part of the preparation for the implementation of a given curriculum. Therefore, the workshop activities that must be held by SMA Negeri 1 Babakan are more than other high schools. The results of interviews with the Principal, Deputy Principal, Head of Curriculum and Sports Education Teachers showed that the training that teachers must attend was relevant and had also been carried out well with a score of 14.25 or 89.06%. This result is reinforced by the relevance between training materials and teacher needs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 210, "height": 218, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the learning process, the relationship between the competence of teachers and learning materials and the relationship between the available time allocation and the training materials. Sports Education teachers have attended several training programs following the needs and available time allocation, which is a minimum of 32 meeting hours for both face-to-face and online meetings. This achievement should be in line with expectations in the evaluation of the Sports Education learning program.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Component", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 718, "width": 210, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluation of inputs for the Sports Education teacher training program must be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 219, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "part of the teacher's actual intentions in participating in the training program (Dousti, 2018). Then based on the observations that have been made, it is known that the supporting facilities for the implementation of the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan have met the standards of the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia. 2007 on Process Standards with a score of 85.52 and thus automatically falls into the \"Very Good\" category.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 320, "width": 210, "height": 295, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "However, some facilities are not adequate; As a result, the learning process experienced certain obstacles. For example, in the \"Swimming\" learning process, the location of the swimming pool is quite far from the school and not to mention the lack of swimming equipment. Meanwhile, gym equipment is also very minimal. Although it has shortcomings, the results of this study are supported by a statement from (Patil & Kalekar, 2015) which states that for schools, infrastructure facilities such as classrooms, audio equipment, video aids, unique rooms, laboratories, libraries, garages, auditoriums, playgrounds and the like is an essential physical facility.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 624, "width": 210, "height": 123, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results in Table 5 show that the average value of the evaluation process consisting of the Learning Process, Learning Assessment, and Learning Management has reached 59.25 or 78.00% and thus is included in the \"Good\" category. The description of the results of the achievement of the score above", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "235", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 238, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is supported by the results of observations of the Sports Education teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan. During the world, the learning material that has been delivered is a big ball game or, more precisely, a soccer game. The results of observations indicate that the learning process in the Sports Education learning program is not different from the results of interviews with Sports Education teachers described previously. The words of the two Sports Education teachers showed the average score was 64 and included in the \"Good\" category.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 339, "width": 210, "height": 276, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Furthermore, the results of interviews with students showed that the average score was 85.52. Thus, it can be concluded that the results of student evaluations are linear with interviews and observations. The implication is, the learning process has been carried out well. At this point, students have understood the learning material presented by the teacher. The teacher conveys the learning material in an easy and fun way. Teachers also provide opportunities for students to observe, ask questions, collect data, reason, and communicate learning materials. At the same time, students have also understood well the tasks given by the teacher to them.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 624, "width": 210, "height": 123, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of interviews that have been continued to data reduction have found that the learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is included in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 82.45%. This finding is reinforced by observations and interviews with the Principal, Deputy Principal, and 2 Teachers. Sports", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 466, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education. In line with these results, (Aziz et al., 2018), in their research found that the quality of a school's education can be assessed in terms of facilities, methods, teaching methods by teachers, and the level of success among students. Students. Some of the obstacles faced in implementing the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan lie in the components of learning management, namely the delay in the arrival of student textbooks and aspects of the psychomotor-based assessment process for students. Sports Education teachers and the lack of certain learning facilities for the Sports Education learning program. These constraints resulted in delays in the achievement of core competencies of some learning materials. However, departing from the research results as a whole, in general, it was found that the learning process of Sports Education at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan has not been disturbed by the existence of the Special Sports Program. Several things need to be evaluated and even improved to achieve the objectives of the Sports Education learning program.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 579, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 610, "width": 210, "height": 123, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results of the research and discussion of the evaluation of the physical education learning plan of SMA Negeri 1 Babakan in the study, it can be concluded that the learning program of SMA Negeri 1 Babakan was implemented well, with an average score of 83.5%. Learning Assessment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "236", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 200, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and Learning Management has reached 59.25 or 78.00% and is thus included in the \"Good\" category. Evaluation of inputs related to teachers' educational background, training programs, and learning facilities for Sports Education. Based on the results of interviews, observations and documentation, it was found that the evaluation of the input for the Sports Education learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan was included in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 14.25 or 89.06%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 301, "width": 210, "height": 238, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of interviews that have been continued to data reduction have found that the learning program at SMA Negeri 1 Babakan is included in the \"Very Good\" category with a score of 82.45%. As a suggestion, the \"process\" variable should be revised after the physical education lesson plan. The results of interviews with the Principal, Deputy Principal, Head of Curriculum and Sports Education Teachers showed that the training that teachers must attend was relevant and had also been carried out well with a score of 14.25 or 89.06%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 560, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKNOWLEDGMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 210, "height": 123, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I want to express my special thanks to the PJOK teacher as well as the principal of SMAN 1 Babakan, who gave me a golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on this research, which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I learned a lot of new things, I am very grateful to them.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secondly, I would like to thank my parents and friends who helped me complete this project within a limited time frame.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 162, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 194, "width": 210, "height": 105, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aldapit, E., & Suharjana, S. 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Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 318, "width": 210, "height": 86, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subali, prof. D. B. (2014). Evaluasi Pembelajaran (Proses dan Produk). Makalah Disajikan Dalam Workshop Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran (Proses & Produk) Bagi Dosen .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 425, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. (2018).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 340, "top": 425, "width": 186, "height": 48, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Peneiltian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. In Alfabeta Bandung .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 494, "width": 210, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suhaidin, L. A. (2015). 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EVALUASI", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 727, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 152, "top": 35, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Handayani Nila Praja 1 , Rivo Panji Yudha 2 / JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 6 (2) (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 753, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "238", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 92, "width": 186, "height": 29, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Instructional Program Evaluation). Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 142, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yudha, R. P. (2016). Pengembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 161, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Instrumen Unjuk Kerja Materi Bangun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 92, "width": 186, "height": 86, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ruang Di Sekolah Dasar Kota Cirebon. Eduma : Mathematics Education Learning and Teaching . https://doi.org/10.24235/eduma.v5i2.107 9", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 36, "top": 36, "width": 105, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J-MAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 216, "top": 39, "width": 347, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains, 5(1), April 2020, 10-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 269, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Publisher by Program Magister Manajemen Universitas Batanghari ISSN 2541-6243 (Online), ISSN 2541-688X (Print) DOI 10.33087/jmas.v5i1.142", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 66, "top": 102, "width": 469, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 167, "width": 308, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap 1 , Juli Ronaldi 2 , Darman 3 , Yulina Eliza 4 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi “KBP” Jl. Khatib Sulaiman No. 61 Padang Correspondence email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 216, "width": 526, "height": 216, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work environment on employee work motivation, determine the effect of organizational commitment on employee work motivation, know the effect of work environment on employee performance, find out the effect of organizational commitment on employee performance, find out the effect of work motivation on employee performance, know the role work motivation in mediating the relationship between work environment and employee performance and knowing the role of work motivation in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and employee performance. The object of research is employees in the Regional Secretariat of Dharmasraya Regency with a population of 85 people. The sampling technique is done by non-probability sampling with saturation sampling technique where all members of the population are used so that the number of research samples is 85 people. The type of data used is primary data, the data collection method uses questionnaires with a Likert scale. Test the research instrument to test the validity and reliability. Data analysis techniques consist of test data description, assumption test, path analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of the study found that there was a positive and significant influence of the work environment on work motivation, there was a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment to work motivation, there was a positive and significant effect on the work environment on employee performance, there was a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment to employee performance, there was an influence positive and significant work motivation on employee performance, there is no role of work motivation in mediating the relationship between work environment and employee performance with the value of an indirect influence smaller than its direct influence, there is no role of work motivation in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and employee performance with the value of the indirect effect is smaller than the direct effect. The results of the study suggest that to improve employee performance, it is expected that an increase in work motivation, a conducive work environment and an increase in organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 446, "width": 380, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: performance, work motivation, work environment and organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 471, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 484, "width": 526, "height": 187, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The success of an organization in achieving its vision, mission, and purpose can not be separated from the implementation of the government's role or the organization itself. Various policies of the government in the administration of government at the level of government organizations both position and function of bureaucracy. The changes are, of course with the hope to meet the demands of the public interest and a strategy to face the challenges of globalization. According to Mangkunagara (2003), The performance is the result of the quality and quantity of work accomplished by an employee in performing their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him. Meanwhile, according toWinardi (2004) performance (performance) is the embodiment and the work or the work of someone. According to Rival (2005), The performance of the real behavior shown by everyone as the resulting performance by employees. Sopiah (2008)that the performance of individuals affected by the effort (effort), abilities (ability) and the environmental situation. A variety of things can affect the performance of which is owned by an employee, the physical working environment is one of them. Physical work environment is one of the closest thing to a person in the execution of his work. Physical working environment that is around employees need to be considered to bring good impact on the individual's performance. Comfort and security will be created for adequate physical working environment such as office layout that is comfortable, clean environment, good air exchange, color, lighting good lighting and so on.(Sedarmayanti, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 673, "width": 526, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anoraga (2014)suggests factors that affect performance include the attractiveness of jobs, wages (incentive), willingness and labor protection, knowledge, environment and working conditions, career development expectations, involvement in the activities of the organization, attention and leadership boss. According to Bateman, Ferris and Strasser (1984) in(Timpe (2013)That the factors that affect performance include: ability, effort, task difficulty. However, a number of factors can affect the performance such as: the behavior, attitudes, actions of co-workers, subordinates or managers, resource constraints and economic circumstances.Daryanto (2010)suggests that the performance is affected by many factors including; prowess, skill, experience and ability of the individual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 762, "width": 526, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya in carrying out their duties and functions are expected to carry out any activities in accordance with the vision, mission and strategy of the organization in achieving its objectives and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 50, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 36, "top": 75, "width": 526, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "targets. This can only be achieved when the good performance of the apparatus. One measure of employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya is implementing programs that are planned each year. This can be served under the program as well as kegian and the achievement of each program.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 125, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 136, "width": 413, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Achievement of Key Performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya Year 2017-2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 206, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya years 2017-2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 231, "width": 526, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From Table 1 it can be concluded that the achievement of Key Performance Indicators Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasrayayears 2017 to 2018 was still below the target set. Achievement of the main indicators in 2018 was 84.12% down 11.17% compared to the achievement in 2017 is 95.28%. This indicates that the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya still low. Many factors affect the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. From initial observations by the author predicted factor affecting the performance of employees is the physical environment, organizational commitment and work motivation. According toNitisemito (2003) work environment is everything that is around employees and can affect in carrying out the tasks entrusted to him for example with the air conditioner (AC), adequate lighting and so on.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 344, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 356, "width": 442, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Employee Attendance Data Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya January s / d December 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 368, "width": 503, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Month Total Employees (%) Attendance (%) Absenteeism (%) Person % Person % Person % January 85 100 72 85% 13 15% February 85 100 74 87% 11 13% March 85 100 73 86% 12 14% April 85 100 71 84% 14 16% May 85 100 68 80% 17 20% June 85 100 66 78% 19 22% July 85 100 68 80% 17 20% August 85 100 72 85% 13 15% September 85 100 75 88% 10 12% October 85 100 71 84% 14 16% November 85 100 73 86% 12 14% December 85 100 72 85% 13 15%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 36, "top": 530, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 554, "width": 526, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "On the other hand success is inseparable from the employee-owned employee commitment in carrying out their duties, employees with high commitment can be expected to show optimum performance. Someone who joined the organization in a company is required their commitment in itself.Davis, Keith (2001)define organizational commitment as a gesture that showed \"loyalty\" of employees and a continuous process of how an organization's members expressed their concern to the organization's success and goodness. The commitment includes involvement also work. This is because between job involvement and organizational commitment are very closely related. Work engagement as the degree of willingness to integrate itself with the work, invest your time, talents and energy to work, and considers his work as a major part of his life. The stronger the commitment, the stronger the tendency of a person to be directed at the action in accordance with the standards (in Syafrida, 2013). From Table 2 it can be seen that the presence of an employee at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya not maximized it will affect the performance of the resulting employee Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Another factor affecting employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya is working motivation. Motivation is the drive, effort and desire that is in man which activate, energize and redirect the behavior to perform the tasks well within the scope of his job(Sedarmayanti, 2011), NextRobbins (2001)defines motivation as a process that will determine the intensity, direction, and persistence of individuals in order to achieve the target. Motivation as a process that stems from the strength in terms of physiological and psychological or behavioral needs that result or encouragement aimed at a goal or incentive (Moekijat, 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 757, "width": 426, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Of the above phenomena, it can be prepared a number of formulation of the problem as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 769, "width": 476, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. How will the work environment on employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 782, "width": 512, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. How will the organization's commitment to employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 36, "top": 75, "width": 484, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. How will the work environment on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 87, "width": 520, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. How will the organization's commitment to employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 100, "width": 479, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. How does the work motivation on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 113, "width": 525, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. How does the role of motivation to work in mediating the relationship between the work environment and employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 138, "width": 525, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. How does the role of motivation to work in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and performance of employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 176, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance (Performance)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 188, "width": 526, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mangkunagara (2016)defining performance (performance) as follows: performance is the result of the quality and quantity of work achieved an employee in performing their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him. WhileBernardin & Russell (1993) in Handoko (2010), Saying that the employee's performance depends on the ability, work effort and employment can be judged from the out put. Timpe (2013), suggests that the performance (performance) is: The performance level of the individual, the desired result of individual behavior. Hasibuan (2018) said there are several factors that affect a person's performance, namely: commitment, motivation, ability, discipline, responsibility, and working conditions of the same. Thus we can conclude the factors that may affect the performance of an employee is compensated, into the climate, motivation, supervision, leadership, boss, salary (compensation). Given the importance of performance, then in his duties are required to have the ability and the various skills so that they can perform their jobs well.Nitisemito (2003) stated that performance measurement can be seen from a fundamental behavioral assessment, namely: a) the quality of work, b) the quantity of labor, and c) the employment relationship.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 340, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Work environment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 353, "width": 526, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Every organization, in general, both large, medium and small, all of them will interact with the environment in which an organization or company is located. The environment itself changes-parubahan so, organizations or companies can survive is an organization that can adapt to environmental changes. Instead, the organization will experience a period of destruction if the organization does not pay attention to developments and changes in the surrounding environment. According to Terry (2003), the work environment can be defined as the forces that affect, either directly or indirectly to the performance of the organization or company.According to Sedarmayanti (2009)declare that in outline, the type of work environment is divided into 2 physical work environment and non-physical work environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 454, "width": 130, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational commitment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 467, "width": 526, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According Mowday (2005) in Syafrida (2013) organizational commitment is the relative strength of individual identifying her involvement in the organization. It is characterized by three things: (1) the hiring of the values and goals of the organization, (2) the readiness and willingness of employees to strive earnestly on behalf of the organization, and (3) the desire of employees to maintain their membership in the organization ( be part of the organization). Organizational commitment expressed by Robbin (2011) with three components of the organization are: affective commitment (affective commitment), commitment kontinuans (continuance commitment), and normative commitment (normative commitment). It is common of the three components of this commitment is the commitment seen as a psychological condition which describes the relationship of the individual with the organization and has implications in the decision to continue or not membership in the organization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 593, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Work motivation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 606, "width": 526, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flippo (2009)motivation to work as a skill in combining the interests of employees and the interests of the organization so desires satisfied employees in conjunction with the achievement of organizational goals. These wishes to provide a series of tools that work motivation can be used by managers to motivate behavior in the desired objectives improve employee performance. Motivation byMathis & Jackson (2001)a desire within oneself that cause people to take action. Motivation as a driver that leads to the goal, to understand what motivates employees, will greatly assist in improving employee satisfaction. While Gibson, Ivancevich (2010)express understanding of motivation to work as a concept that describes the forces that exist within the employees who initiate and direct behavior. Gibson (2010) to find out what people want from their jobs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 707, "width": 526, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on theoretical basis, review the results of previous studies, it can be described the relationship between the three variables, namely free work environment, work motivation and organizational commitment organizational commitment with the dependent variable is the performance of employees who can be seen in the framework as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 272, "top": 221, "width": 53, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 Framework", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 465, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the foundation of terori framework described above, it can dikemukan hypothesis is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 269, "width": 482, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Work environment positive effect on employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 282, "width": 521, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Organizational commitment positively affects employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 294, "width": 526, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. The working environment has a positive effect on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 320, "width": 526, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Organizational commitment positively affects employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 332, "width": 507, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Work motivation has a positive effect on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 345, "width": 525, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Work motivation plays a role in mediating the relationship between the work environment and employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 370, "width": 525, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Work motivation plays a role in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and performance of employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 408, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 421, "width": 526, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono (2010) argues that the population is generalization region consisting of the object or subject in the quantity and specific characteristics defined by the researchers to learn and then be deduced. The study population was all employees Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasrayawhich amounts to 85 people. Due to the number of population is still considered to be relatively small at around below 100 then the approach used for sampling in this study were calculated using the Census. the method of sampling to determine the number of samples is equal to the population (number equal to the sample population). This is in accordance with the opinion Arikunto (2002), that the sample is a portion of the population that respondents to the study, the large sample size depends on a lot of the study population, where the population is relatively small or equal to 100, then all of them can be used as a sample, the sample is taken of the total population that is that as many as 85 people.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 535, "width": 526, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data collected directly by the researcher of the field that is the data taken from the respondents, this data is the answer to a questionnaire distributed to respondents. Secondary data is data that diproleh of the object of research and has been documented. This data can be diproleh through books and other reports. Source of data derived from the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasrayaform of data on the number and characteristics of employees, employee attendance and so on. Besides, the source of the data obtained directly from the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya about their perceptions of the variable performance of employees, work environment, work motivation and organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 636, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Path analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 649, "width": 526, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Path analysis (path analysis) is the test used to analyze the pattern of relationships among variables. Path analysis is the use of regression analysis to estimate hubungankasualitas between variables (causal models) are predetermined based on the theory.According to Imam Ghozali, (2016). Analysis track aims to explain the direct and indirect result of a set of variables, as variables cause, against a set of other variables is a variable effect. Path analysis is an extension of regression analysis. In regression analysis the effort to learn the relationship between variables is never questioned why the relationship exists or not.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 737, "width": 159, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis testing Substructure Hypothesis Testing 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 762, "width": 526, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To analyze the effect of the work environment variables (X 1 ) and organizational commitment (X2) on work motivation (I) are presented in Table 3 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 80, "width": 491, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2 Working Environment (X1) Organizational commitment (X2) Work motivation (I) Employee Performance (Y) H1 H5 H3 H4 H7 H6", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 74, "width": 502, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3 Work Environment Influence And Organizational Commitment To Work Motivation Variables that influence standardized coefficients Sig Work environment (X 1 ) Organizational commitment (X 2 ) 0,531 .200 0,001 0,039", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 36, "top": 133, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: results of primary data processing, 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 158, "width": 526, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above it can be seen Table 3 substructure equation 1 is: I = 0,531X 1 + 0,2X 2 Description substructure equation 1: b1 = 0,53;, it means that there is a positive influence between work environment variables (X 1 ) on work motivation (I). Hal suggests that a more conducive work environment, it will increase work motivation employees. b2 = 0.2; it means that there is a positive influence between the variables of organizational commitment (X 2 ) on work motivation (I). Hal showed that the higher the commitment of the organization, it will increase work motivation employees.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 246, "width": 526, "height": 225, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From Table 3 can do partial test each variable to variable causes the following consequences: 1. Influence at Work (X 1 ) Work Motivation (I) The analysis results work environment variables (X 1 ) to work motivation variable (I) obtained Pix1 value = 0,531 with significant levels 0,000 levels <0.05. The analysis showed that a significant difference between the work environment to employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. This may imply that the work environment positive and significant effect on work motivation. Thus, the first hypothesis (H 1 ) in this study that states that the working environment positive and significant effect on work motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya staff, declared unacceptable. This means that the better the work environment perceived by the employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasrayathen the condition can affect positively and significantly related to employee motivation in working at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Conversely, if more is not better working environment adopted by the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya then the condition can lead to increasingly poor motivation of employees working with the assumption that other variables held constant in addition to the work environment. The working environment has a relationship with work motivation. Physical work environment and non-physical is something that exists around the workers who can influence in running the tasks given. Employee motivation is internal factors which are owned by employees, where employee motivation is the driving force that creates the administration excitement somebody working for them to cooperate, to work effectively and integrated with all of its efforts to achieve satisfaction (Ferry et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 474, "width": 322, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Influence of Organizational Commitment (X 2 ) Work Motivation (I)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 487, "width": 505, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results of analysis variables influence organizational commitment (X 2 ) on work motivation (I) values obtained with the level PiX 2 = 0.2 significant level of 0.039 <0.05. The analysis showed that there is significant influence between the variables of organizational commitment to employee motivation variable Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. This may imply that the variable organizational commitment and significant positive effect on employee motivation. Thus, the second hypothesis (H 2 ) in this study that states that organizational commitment and significant positive effect on work motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya staff, declared unacceptable. This means that if the higher organizational commitment Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya staff, it will be better the Regional Secretariat of employee motivation Dharmasraya. Conversely, if the lower the organizational commitmentemployees work at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, it will lower the motivation of employees working at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya assuming other variables held constant besides organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 626, "width": 526, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Mathis and Jackson (2011) regarding the organizational commitment is the extent to which employees believe and accept the organization’s goals and have a desire to remain with the organization. Employees who have a strong desire to achieve corporate goals and want to remain in the organization then he will have a high motivation to work so that his desire is achieved because the motivation is something that started the movement, something started to act a certain way.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 689, "width": 225, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results substructure 1 is shown in Figure 2 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 280, "top": 203, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 215, "width": 491, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Substructure 1. Results of the Work Environment Influence and Organizational Commitment Motivation to Work", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 239, "width": 154, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis Testing Substructure 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 252, "width": 526, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To analyze the effect of the work environment variables (X 1 ) and organizational commitment (X 2 ) and motivation (I) to employee performance (Y) are presented in Table 4 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 290, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 60, "top": 301, "width": 475, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Influence of Working Environment, Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 313, "width": 502, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variables that influence standardized coefficients Sig Work environment (X1) Organizational commitment (X2) Work motivation (I) 0,794 0,125 0.135 0,000 0,025 0,040", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 36, "top": 360, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: results of primary data processing, 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 384, "width": 527, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on table 4 then the equation structure 2 in the form: Y = 0,794X 1 0,125X 2 + 0.135 + I Description substructure equation 2: b1 = 0,794, it means that there is a positive influence between work environment (X 1 ) on the performance (Y).This suggests that a more conducive work environment, it will be able to increaseperformance, b1 = 0.125, meaning that there is a positive influence between organizational commitment (X 2 ) on the performance (Y).This suggests that the higher organizational commitment, it will be able to increaseperformance, b1 = 0.135, meaning that there is a positive influence between work motivation (I) on the performance (Y).This shows that the enhanced motivation to work, then it will be able to increaseperformance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 498, "width": 413, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From Table 4 can do partial test each variable to variable causes the following consequences:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 511, "width": 286, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Influence at Work (X 1 ) Against Employee performance (Y)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 524, "width": 505, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the third hypothesis testing, it was found that the work environment positive and significant effect on the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya path coefficient value of the work environment variable is 0,794 and 0,000 significant value smaller than α = 0.05. This may imply that the work environment positive and significant effect on employee performance. Thus, the third hypothesis (H 3 ) in this study that states that the working environment positive and significant effect on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, declared unacceptable. This means that the better the work environment perceived by the employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya then the situation would be a positive and significant influence on the performance of employees in work at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Conversely, if more is not better working environment adopted by the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya then the condition can lead to increasingly poor performance of employees assuming other variables held constant in addition to the work environment. Nitisemito (2011) states the working environment is everything that is around the workers who can influence him in performing the tasks carried. Moekijat (2002) physical work environment is something that is about the workers that include lighting, color, air and sound. Furniture, fixtures, office machines used and the layout affects the physical work environment office in general, conditions of work should be fun, easy and resulting habits of a good job, good condition causing performance of a company's employees will be increased so the company's objectives will be achieved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 726, "width": 403, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Influence of Organizational Commitment (X 1 ) Against performance of employees (Y)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 739, "width": 505, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the fourth hypothesis testing, it was found that organizational commitment variable positive and significant impact on the performance of employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya with organizational commitment variable path coefficient is 0.125 and 0.025 significant. The significant value is smaller than α = 0.05. This may imply that the variable organizational commitment and significant positive effect on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 79, "width": 97, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Work environment (X 1 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 169, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 113, "width": 374, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(X 2 ) Work motivation (I) 0,531 0.2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 50, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 75, "width": 505, "height": 136, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "employee performance. Thus, the fourth hypothesis (H4) in this study that states that organizational commitment and significant positive effect on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, declared unacceptable. This means that if the higher organizational commitment Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya staff, the higher the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Conversely, if increasingly lower employee organizational commitment Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, it will lower the performance of employees at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya assuming other variables held constant besides organizational commitment. Organizational commitment is something that shows responsibility and concern for someone to tasks in the office. Where an employee has a responsibility towards his job, increased interest in his work, and job loyalty discount to the job. Employees who have a high organizational commitment will yield high performance for organisasinyan. Then their positive influence between organizational commitment to employee performance is quite reasonable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 214, "width": 331, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Influence of Work Motivation (I) Against Employee performance (Y)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 226, "width": 505, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the fifth hypothesis testing, it was found that work motivation positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya with the value of work motivation path coefficient is 0.135 and significant at 0,040. The significant value is smaller than α = 0.05. This may imply that work motivation variable positive and significant impact on employee performance. Thus, the fifth hypothesis (H5) in this study that states that motivation positive and significant effect on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, declared unacceptable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 302, "width": 526, "height": 137, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This means that if the higher employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, the higher the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Conversely, if diminishing employee motivation in working at the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, it will lower the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya assuming other variables held constant besides work motivation. Theoretically the above statement in accordance raised by Ernest J. Mc Cormick (Mangkunagara 2011) that work motivation is defined as conditions that affect evoke, directing and maintaining behavior associated with the work environment. From these definitions, basically stated that motivation is closely related to the effort (effort) someone at work. This opinion is supported by the statement in Mangkunagara Kinlaw (2011), that an employee who has a high work motivation is someone who is constantly trying to do the best and be willing to take the time and extra effort to do its job. Employees who have low motivation is a person who often do not want to try to do the best, and rarely take the time and extra effort to do its job. Employee be motivated when he perceives his work dealing with something that is important to him.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 441, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the substructure 2 can be shown in Figure 3 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 609, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 134, "top": 621, "width": 378, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Substructure 2. Results Effect of Work Environment, and Organizational Commitment Work Motivation on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 656, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficient of Determination", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 669, "width": 526, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The result of the calculation of the coefficient of determination for substrukur equations 1 and 2 can be shown in Table 5 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 707, "width": 512, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5 Calculation Results Coefficient of Determination Equation Variable Relations R Square substructure 1 Commitment work environment and work organization Motivation 0.33 substructure 2 Work environment and organizational commitment and work motivation on employee performance 0,795", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 36, "top": 777, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: results of primary data processing, 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 471, "width": 471, "height": 131, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Work environment (X1) Organizational commitment (X2) Employee performance (Y) 0,794 0.135 Work motivation (I)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 287, "top": 528, "width": 30, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,125", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 298, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5 can be calculated based on the value of R 2 total as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 87, "width": 148, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. For substructures equation 1:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 103, "width": 54, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 1 R 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 101, "width": 71, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P    33 , 0 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 79, "top": 121, "width": 56, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P 1    67 , 0 P 1  ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 160, "width": 56, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "819 , 0 P 1  ", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 36, "top": 180, "width": 148, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. For substructures equation 2:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 194, "width": 251, "height": 89, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 2 R 1 P    795 , 0 1 P 2    205 , 0 P 2   453 , 0 P 2   3. Total R 2 = 1 - (0.819 x 0.453) = 1 to 0.3706 = 0.6294", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 286, "width": 526, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the above results obtained by the coefficient of determination total of 0.6294. This means that 62.94% of employee performance can be explained by the work environment, organizational commitment and work motivation. While the remaining 37.06% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 324, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Path Analysis (Path Analysis)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 336, "width": 526, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Path analysis (path analysis) is the test used to analyze the pattern of relationships among variables. Path analysis is the use of regression analysis to assess the causality relationship between variables (causal models) are predetermined based on the theory. Intervening are variables that mediate the relationship between endogenous variables to exogenous variables. Model studies give their indirect effect on the work environment and organizational commitment to employee performance through motivation to work. Test intervening done using path analysis or path analysis as follows: 1. Employee motivation role in mediating the relationship between the work environment and employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 425, "width": 504, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To determine the effect of an exogenous variable to the endogenous variables either directly or indirectly, can be seen as follows: The direct effect of the variable X1 to Y Y  X 1  Y (ρ yx1) (ρ yx1) = (0.794) x (0,794) = 0.63 = 63% The indirect effect of X1 to Y through the I Y  X 1 Ω I  Y (ρ yx1) (Ix1 ρ) (ρ yi) = (0.794) x (0.531) x (0.135) = 0.057 = 5.7%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 488, "width": 505, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above calculation shows that the direct effect of the work environment on employee performance is of 0.63 (63%), while the indirect effect of the work environment variables on the performance of employees through work motivation of 0.057 (5.7%). From these results it can be concluded that work motivation can not play a role in mediating the relationship between the work environment and employee performance because the value of the coefficient is smaller than the direct effect (0.057 < 0.63). This means that with the role of motivation to work then do not improve the work environment influence on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 35, "top": 577, "width": 527, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Employee motivation role in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and performance of employees of the Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 602, "width": 505, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To determine the effect of an exogenous variable to the endogenous variables either directly or indirectly, can be seen as follows: The direct effect of the variable X1 to Y Y  X 1  Y (ρ yx1) (ρ yx1) = (0.125) x (0.125) = 0.016 = 1.6% The indirect effect of X 1 to Y via X 3 Y  X 1 Ω I  Y (ρ yx1) (Ix2 ρ) (ρ yi) = (0.125) x (0.2) x (0.135) = 0.003 = 0.3%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 665, "width": 505, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above calculation shows that the direct effect of organizational commitment to employee performance amounted to 0,016 (1.6%), while the indirect influence variable organizational commitment to employee performance through work motivation of 0,003 (0.3%). From these results it can be concluded that work motivation can not play a role in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and performance of employees because the value of the coefficient is smaller than the direct effect (0.003 <0.016). This means that with the role of motivation to work then do not increase the effect of organizational commitment to employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 766, "width": 24, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Knot", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 779, "width": 373, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the analysis of data on the research results, it can be concluded as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 75, "width": 512, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. There is a positive and significant impact on work motivation work environment with significant values < 0.05. The better the work environment also increase the motivation of the employee Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 113, "width": 511, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. There is a positive and significant effect of organizational commitment on job motivation with significant values < 0.05. The higher the employee organizational commitment then also increase the employee motivation Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 150, "width": 512, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. There is a positive and significant impact on the performance of the work environment with significant values < 0.05. The better the work environment also increase the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 188, "width": 511, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. There is a positive and significant impact on the performance of the organization's commitment with significant values < 0.05. The higher the employee organizational commitment then also increase the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya ..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 226, "width": 512, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. There is a positive and significant effect of work motivation on employee performance with significant values < 0.05. Increasing motivation to work then also increase the performance of the Staff Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya. For that, it needs to increase motivation to work in order to increase the performance of employees.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 264, "width": 512, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. There are no job motivation role in mediating the relationship between the work environment and employee performance to the value of the indirect influence that is smaller than its direct effect. Increasing motivation to work then do not play a role in improving the work environment influence on employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 315, "width": 512, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. There are no job motivation role in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and performance of employees with no direct influence value smaller than its direct effect. Increasing motivation to work then do not play a role in increasing the influence of organizational commitment to employee performance Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 335, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, this research path structure can be described again as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 573, "width": 91, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 4 Path Analysis Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 608, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Limitations and Suggestions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 621, "width": 526, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers realized these results are still far from perfect and have weaknesses and limitations that may affect the outcome, for it kepaada future researchers is expected to be an improvement and development of deficiencies that researchers have encountered, such as:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 659, "width": 526, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) The first study has a number of samples that are still relatively low at 77 employees Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya, The low number of samples resulting in low support or justification of these results, it is evident from the assessment found the interaction hypothesis does not look real or significant influence. To the researchers who will comeis expected to expand the number of population and sample, by setting research object more broadly by making objects organization that has employees more, or may take a few organizations that have any kind of surgery or the same service in the area or geography that are close together or region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 735, "width": 526, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) The use of questionnaires in data collection respondent has the disadvantage of differences in perception among respondents perceive and assess a variable. So the researchers in this case can not control the answers of the respondents, which ultimately can lead to low justiifikasi for the assessment of the validity of the data and the research hypothesis. Therefore, for researchers to comeexpected to use and look for other methods of data collection,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 531, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational commitment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 395, "width": 442, "height": 172, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(X 2 ) Work Motivation (I) Work environment (X 1 ) Employee performance (Y) 0,795 0.33 0,794 0,125 0.2 0,531 0.135", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 36, "top": 38, "width": 526, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doli Putra Harahap et al, How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 548, "top": 795, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 54, "top": 75, "width": 508, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "such as data retrieval jobs directly related to the object of respondents or using standardized assessment standards and is authorized by the competent officials.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 100, "width": 526, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) These findings also indicate other factors can also affect the performance of employees. For the researchers, who will come to seek and findseveral suspected factors can affect the performance of employees, such as organizational culture, leadership style, job satisfaction, work discipline and competence.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 36, "top": 151, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 163, "width": 526, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bernardin, H. J., & Russel, J. E. . 1993. Human Resourses Management. New York: Mc Graw Hill Inc. Daryanto, A. 2010. Merit system dalam manajemen pegawai negeri sipil . Kebijakan Dan Manajemen PNS . Davis, Keith., J. W. N. 2001. Perilaku Dalam Organisasi (Terjemahan) Jilid I (Ed. 7). Jakarta: Erlangga. Flippo, E. B. 2009. Humam Resource Management . Academy of Management Journal . Ghozali, I. 2016. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 , Edisi 8. In Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 239, "width": 526, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gibson, Ivancevich, D. 2010. Organisasi dan Manajemen : Perilaku, Struktur dan Proses . Organizational Behavior . Handoko, H. 2010. Manajemen Personalia Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi Kedua. BPFE UGM Persada. Hasibuan. 2018. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. 2013. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan . Remaja Rosdakarya . Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. 2016. Evaluasi Kerja . PT.Refika Aditama. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2011.1 Mathis Robert, L., & Jackson John, H. 2001. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Buku 1. Edisi Pertama, Penerbit Salemba Empat, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 328, "width": 527, "height": 174, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nitisemito, A. S. 2003. Manajemen Personalia . Jakarta: Graha Indonesia. Pandji Anoraga. 2014. Psikologi Kerja . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Rivai, V. 2005. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan : dari Teori ke Praktik . Edisi Pertama, Penerbit PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. Robbins, S. P. 2001. Perilaku Organisasi : Konsep, Kontroversi dan Aplikasi . Prenhallindo . Santoso, S. 2014. Statistik Multivariat Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Sedarmayanti. 2009. Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Produktivitas Kerja. Sedarmayanti. 2011. Reformasi Birokrasi dan Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil. In Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Sedarmayanti. 2012. Good Governance: Kepemerintahan Yang Baik & Good Corporate Governance: Tata Kelola Perusahaan Yang Baik . Bagian Ketiga, Edisi Revisi. Bandung: CV. Bandar Maju. Sekaran, U. 2009. Metodologi Penelitian untuk Bisnis (Research Methods for Business) . In 1 . Sopiah. 2008. Perilaku Organisasional . Yogyakarta: Andi Publisher. Timpe. Dale. 2013. Seri Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Kinerja (Cetakan Ke). Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo Kelompok Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 36, "top": 505, "width": 383, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Winardi. 2004. Manajemen Perilaku Organisasi . Jakarta: Pustaka Binaman Pressindo.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 280, "top": 63, "width": 234, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atma Jaya Accounting Research (AJAR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 76, "width": 202, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 7 Issue 1, February 2024 P-ISSN: 2654-590X, E-ISSN: 2656-0410", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 101, "width": 319, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 116, "top": 148, "width": 395, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Taxpayer Compliance, the Use of E-Filing, Tax Audit, And Tax Avoidance on Tax Revenue at The Tax Service, Extension, and Consultation Office (KP2KP) Sengkang Wajo District", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 209, "width": 374, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tenriwaru, Zahara Saputri 1 , Darwis Lannai Faculty of Business and Economics, Muslim Indonesia University, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 261, "width": 400, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of taxpayer compliance, use of e-filing, tax audit, and tax avoidance on tax revenues. The research hypothesis uses a theoretical/concept basis supported by previous studies with the same variables. This research was conducted at the Tax Service, Counseling, and Consultation Office (KP2KP) Sengkang, Wajo Regency. This research is descriptive quantitative research, which uses primary data. The sample of this research is Tax Service, Counseling, and Consultation Office Taxpayers (KP2KP) of Sengkang, Wajo Regency, totaling 100 people. The hypothesis test used was multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 25 software.The study results found that E-filing Taxpayer Compliance, and Tax audit, had a positive and significant effect on tax revenues at Sengkang's tax service, counseling, and consulting office (KP2KP), Wajo Regency. Meanwhile, tax avoidance has a negative and significant effect on tax revenues at the tax service, counseling, and consulting office (KP2KP) Sengkang, Wajo Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 411, "width": 391, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Taxpayer Compliance, E-filing, Tax audit, Tax avoidance, Tax Revenue", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 435, "width": 381, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info: Received: January 09 th , 2024 | Revised: January 31 th ,2024 | Accepted: February 28 th ,2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v7i01.487", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 736, "width": 269, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Email: [email protected] (Corrsepondence Author)", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 785, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 116, "width": 399, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Penggunaan E-Filing, Tax Audit, Dan Tax Avoidance Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Di Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 141, "width": 337, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang Kabupaten Wajo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 166, "width": 344, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tenriwaru, Zahara Saputri, Darwis Lannai Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 218, "width": 400, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Penggunaan E-filing , Tax audit , dan Tax avoidance Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak. Hipotesis penelitian menggunakan basis teori/konsep, didukung oleh penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang mempunyai kesamaan variabel. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang Kabupaten Wajo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif, yang menggunakan data primer. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu Wajib Pajak Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang Kabupaten Wajo yang berjumlah 100 orang. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear Berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak E-filing , Tax audit , berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak di kantor pelayanan, penyuluhan, dan konsultasi perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang Kabupaten Wajo. Sedangkan tax avoidance berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak di kantor pelayanan, penyuluhan, dan konsultasi perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang Kabupaten Wajo. Kata-kata Kunci: Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, E-filing, Tax audit, Tax avoidance, Penerimaan Pajak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 259, "top": 116, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 141, "width": 400, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu penerimaan negara yang sangat penting adalah dari sektor pajak. Ini terbukti bahwa penerimaan dari sektor pajak selalu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Sedangkan penerimaan dari sektor migas, yang dahulu selalu menjadi andalan penerimaan negara, sekarang ini sudah tidak bisa diharapkan sebagai sumber penerimaan keuangan negara yang terus menerus. Karena sumber migas merupakan sumber yang unrenewable , yang tidak dapat diperbarui dan pada suatu saat minyak bumi dan gas alam akan habis. Sedangkan dari sektor pajak selalu dapat diperbarui sesuai dengan perkembangan ekonomi dan masyarakat itu sendiri (Sutantri & Santoso, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 255, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) pada semester 1 Tahun 2022 dalam kondisi yang sangat baik dengan mencatat surplus sebesar Rp73,6 triliun atau 0,39 persen dari Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia. Menteri Keuangan memaparkan realisasi pendapatan negara pada Semester 1 2022 telah mencapai angka Rp1.317,2 triliun atau sebesar 58,1 persen dari target yang ditetapkan pada Perpres 98/2022 yaitu sebesar Rp2.266,2 triliun Kemudian Menteri Keuangan memperkirakan penerimaan pajak ini dapat mencapai hingga Rp1.608 triliun. Hal ini artinya pertumbuhan tersebut masih di atas 25 persen sampai akhir tahun dibanding tahun lalu. Sedangkan, dari sisi penerimaan negara nukan pajak (PNBP), Menkeu memperkirakan akan menembus hingga Rp510,9 triliun di akhir tahun. Perkiraan ini didukung realisasi PNBP Semester I 2022 yaitu 58,3 persen dari target Rp481,6 triliun (Menkeu, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 407, "width": 400, "height": 187, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan kinerja penerimaan perpajakan dalam lima tahun terakhir dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain fluktuasi harga komoditas, pandemi Covid-19, penerimaan perpajakan tahun 2018-2019 tumbuh rata-rata sebesar 7,4 persen per tahun. Pada tahun 2018, tingginya harga minyak dunia dan komoditas perkembangan mendongkrak mendorong kinerja pertumbuhan penerimaan pajak mencapai double digits. Namun demikian, penurunan harga komoditas serta ketidakpastian global akibat perang dagang Amerika-Tiongkok berimbas pada melambatnya penerimaan perpajakan di tahun 2019 yang hanya tumbuh 1,8 persen. Pada tahun 2020, Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan tekanan cukup dalam terhadap perekonomian global dan domestik sebagai dampak pembatasan sosial. Merespon hal tersebut, Pemerintah bertindak cepat dan bekerja keras dalam pemulihan ekonomi termasuk didalamnya memberikan insentf perpajakan guna penganangan pandemi dan pemulihan ekonomi nasional. Kebijakan pembatasan sosial serta pemberian insentif tersebut membuat kinerja perpajakan mengalami kontraksi 16,9 persen (Menkeu 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 596, "width": 400, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sikap sadar dan patuh Wajib Pajak dalam memenuhi kewajiban perpajakan perlu ditumbuhkan agar terus berkembang sehingga target pajak dapat tercapai (Lannai et al ., 2023). Wajib Pajak juga masih mempersepsikan pajak sebagai pungutan wajib bukan sebagai peran serta mereka karena mereka merasa belum melihat manfaat yang nyata bagi Negara dan masyarakat (Hamzah & Muslim, 2018). Faktor yang penting dalam memengaruhi realisasi penerimaan pajak yaitu kepatuhan wajib pajak. Agar dapat menumbuhkan rasa percaya dan aman, pemerintah melakukan trobosan dalam sistem perpajakan yang dapat mempermudah para wajib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 785, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa faktor dapat menyebabkan rendahnya kepatuhan wajib pajak antara lain adanya ketidakpuasan masyarakat akan pelayanan publik yang diberikan, pengetahuan masyarakat yang masih minim, infrastruktur yang tidak merata dan banyaknya kasus korupsi yang dilakukan oleh para pejabat. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa masyarakat merasa tidak percaya kepada pemerintah dan sistem perpajakan sehingga mereka enggan membayar pajak. Agar dapat menumbuhkan rasa percaya dan aman pemerintah melakukan terobosan dalam sistem perpajakan yang dapat mempermudah para wajib pajak. Pemerintah melakukan modernisasi perpajakan dalam hal penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam administrasi perpajakan adalah penerapan media elektronik e-system.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 242, "width": 403, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk meningkatkan keefisienan administrasi perpajakan menggunakan teknologi informasi. Salah satu jenis e-system adalah e-filing . E-filing digunakan untuk mempermudah wajib pajak melaksanakan kewajiban pelaporan pajak yang terutang (Zakiyah & Indriastuti, 2020). Pada pelaporan SPT dengan e-filing menjadi terobosan Direktorat Jenderal Pajak untuk menyasar kepatuhan bagi para wajib pajak baik orang pribadi maupun perusahaan. Sistem e-filing yang fleksibel, melalui situs web kita bisa langsung melaporkan SPT tanpa harus ke Kantor Pajak. Dan lebih efisien lagi tanpa harus antri dan menghemat waktu dalam pelaporan pajak (Fikriyah & Trisnaningsih, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 356, "width": 401, "height": 250, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu jenis e-system adalah e-filing . E-filing digunakan untuk mempermudah wajib pajak dalam melaksanakan kewajiban pelaporan pajak yang terutang. Adanya sistem efiling tersebut akan memberikan kemudahan bagi wajib pajak untuk melaporkan penyampaian surat pemberitahuan (SPT) (Lukman et al ., 2022). Penggunaan e-filing merupakan cara paling mudah dan cepat untuk mengirimkan SPT pajak langsung ke Kantor Pusat Direktorat Jenderal Pajak, wajib pajak tidak perlu lagi pergi ke KPP dan harus mengantri untuk melaporkan SPT pajaknya, dengan manfaat ini secara tidak langsung wajib pajak akan menghemat waktu dan biaya. Dengan menggunakan e-filing wajib pajak akan menghemat waktu dan biaya. Dengan menggunakan e-filing wajib pajak bisa menyampaikan SPT dalam waktu 24 jam sehari dan 7 hari dalam seminggu (Malut et al ., 2023) Tax audit merupakan salah satu penegakan hukum bagi pemerintah. Antarini et al . (2019) tax audit dilakukan untuk memberikan efek jera terhadap efek wajib pajak yang curang sehingga tidak mengulang perbuatan yang sama dimasa depannya. Hal ini menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan pembinaan serta pengawasan yang berkesinambungan terhadap wajib pajak. Adapun tax audit ini dilakukan oleh DJP melalui unit pelaksanaan yaitu fungsional pemeriksa pajak baik yang berada di kantor pelayanan di kantor wilayah, maupun kantor pusat. Titik tolak penelitian maupun pemeriksaan pajak adalah pemberitahuan pajak yang dilakukan sendiri oleh wajib pajak dalam Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak (SPT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 609, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menguji kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (WP) dalam pemenuhan kewajiban apakah wajib pajak telah melaksanakan pembayaran pajak dengan jumlah semestinya sesuai ketentuan perpajakan, Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) berwenang melakukan pemeriksaan dengan tujuan untuk menguji kepatuhan pemenuhan kewajiban perpajakan dan atau untuk tujuan lain dalam rangka melaksanakan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan (Arifin & Syafii, 2019). Untuk memaksimalkan penerimaan pajak maka DJP harus melakukan pemeriksaan pajak terhadap wajib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemeriksaan pajak sangat penting dilakukan untuk pengujian atas kebenaran pemenuhan kebutuhan kewajiban perpajakan, jika pemeriksaan pajak dilakukan secara maksimal maka akan berdampak pada meningkatnya penerimaan negara dari sektor perpajakan (Yuesti & Krisnayanti, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 166, "width": 400, "height": 137, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun demikian, usaha untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan pada sektor ini bukan tanpa kendala, salah satu kendala dalam rangka optimalisasi penerimaan pajak adalah adanya penhindaran pajak. Perpajakan masyarakat yang rendah seringkali menjadi salah satu sebab banyaknya potensi pajak yang tidak dapat dijaring (Subhan & Ibrahim, 2021). Penghindaran pajak ini telah membuat basis pajak atas pajak pendapatan menjadi sempit dan mengakibatkan begitu besarnya kehilangan potensi pendapatan pajak yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi beban defisit anggaran negara (Tikupadang & Palalangan, 2020). Disisi lain pada saat ini DJP telah mengatur aturan baru mengenai pemeriksaan untuk menhindari kecurangan dan penghindaran pajak ( Tax avoidance ) agar wajib pajak lebih jujur dalam membayar pajak sesuai ketentuan berlaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 306, "width": 401, "height": 212, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang menjadi dasar peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian ini adalah yang dilkakukan oleh (RW et al ., 2018) menyatakan bahwa kepatuhan wajib pajak memilki pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak. Arifin (2018) hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kepatuhan wajib pajak memilki pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak. Penelitian Antarini et al . (2019) menemukan bahwa pemeriksaan pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap peneriman pajak. Berbeda dengan penelitian Monica & Andi (2019), menemukan bahwa pemeriksaan pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap peneriman pajak. Menurut penelitian Tikupadang & Palalangan (2020) menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara variabel penghindaran pajak dengan penerimaan pajak paenghasilan. Menurut penelitian Jayanti et al . (2019) menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif terhadap penerimaan PPN. Kemudian menurut penelitian Riyadi et al . (2021) kepatuhan wajib pajak dan penagihan pajak berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap pendapatan pajak penghasilan badan. Penelitian ini dikembangkan berdasarkan dengan uraian di atas, oleh karena itu penelitian berjudul “Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Penggunaan E-filing , Tax audit , dan Tax avoidance terhadap Penerimaan Pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 248, "top": 546, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. KAJIAN LITERATUR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 571, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Technology accaptance model (TAM) merupakan salah satu teori tentang penggunaan sistem teknologi informasi yang dianggap sangat berpengaruh umumnya dipakai untuk menjelaskan mengenai penerimaan individual terhadap penggunaan sistem teknologi informasi. Teori ini pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Davis et al . (1986) untuk menjelaskan penerimaan terhadap penggunaan teknologi. Teori ini dikembangkan dari Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Davis et al . (1986) menyatakan TAM merupakan model yang digunakan untuk memprediksi penerimaan pengguna terhadap teknologi (Martono, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 785, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Theory of planned behavior (TPB) merupakan teori yang didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk rasional yang menggunakan informasi yang memungkinkan bagi dirinya secara sistematis. Ajzen (1991) sebelum melakukan tindakan individu akan memikirkan implikasi atau maksud dari tindakannya sebelum memutuskan untuk melakukan perilaku tersebut atau tidak. Menurut Ajzen (2005) dalam (Oktavianti et al ., 2021) niat merupakan fungsi ketiga dari determinasi dasar yaitu; mencerminkan sikap pribadi (personal nature), sifat sosial (social in nature), dan berhubungan dengan masalah kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 217, "width": 400, "height": 87, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepatuhan wajib pajak merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dan memiliki pengaruh terhadap realisasi penerimaan pajak. Mengingat tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak di Indonesia masih terbilang rendah dibandingkan negara lain, menurut Arifin (2018) kepatuhan wajib pajak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak terdapat pengaruh negatif dan signifikan kepatuhan wajib pajak terhadap penerimaan pajak. Hal ini dikarenakan tingkat kepatuhan Wajib Pajak untuk melakukan kewajiban perpajakannya masih fluktuatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks penerimaan pajak, jika kepatuhan wajib pajak terhadap pembayaran pajak meningkat karena mereka memiliki niat yang kuat untuk membayar pajak, maka hal ini dapat meningkatkan penerimaan pajak secara keseluruhan. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa tinggi rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Badan tidak berdampak pada penerimaan pajak penghasilan. Oleh karena itu, hipotesis yang diajukan ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 383, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 1 : Kepatuhan wajib pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 421, "width": 401, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Agustiningsih & Isroah, (2016) masih ada beberapa Wajib Pajak yang tidak sepenuhnya memahami tentang peraturan perpajakan akan berdampak pada penerimaan pajak di Indonesia. Seorang Wajib Pajak dapat dikatakan patuh dalam rangka kegiatan perpajakan apabila memahami secara penuh tentang peraturan perpajakan antara lain: mengetahui dan berusaha memahami Undang- undang Perpajakan, cara pengisian formulir perpajakan, cara menghitung pajak, cara melaporkan SPT dan selalu membayar pajak tepat waktu. e-filing adalah suatu cara penyampaian SPT atau Pemberitahuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 522, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Antarini et al . (2019) e-filing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak. Semakin tinggi kebermanfaatan, kemudahan, dan kepuasan pelanggan dalam mengoperasikan e-filing maka wajib pajak akan semakin sering menggunakan e-filing dan secara langsung dapat meningkatkan penerimaan pajak. Atas dasar paparan di atas, maka hipotesis kedua dalam penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan seperti berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 598, "width": 390, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 2 : e-filing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 623, "width": 400, "height": 111, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemeriksaan pajak adalah tindakan pengujian apakah wajib pajak telah menyampaikan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) sesuai dengan kewajiban pajak yang seharusnya dibayar. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dalam rangka pengendalian suatu kegiatan yang dijalankan oleh suatu unit tertentu. Hubungan antara pemeriksaan dan penerimaan pajak penghasilan dapat dijelaskan dengan teori kepastian hukum. Kepastian hukum dengan tegas mengatur tentang regulasi perpajakan yang diperlukan sehingga tidak ada celah dan peluang untuk berlaku curang dalam pelaksanaannya. Pemeriksaan merupakan wujud dari regulasi untuk mencegah terjadinya tax evasion.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan pemeriksaan akan mempengaruhi penerimaan pajak penghasilan secara langsung. Hal ini terjadi karena dengan dilakukannya pemeriksaan maka DJP akan mengetahui seberapa jauh upaya atau tindakan kecurangan yang nantinya dapat diminimalkan atau dihilangkan sehingga tidak ada lagi celah yang dapat mengurangi penerimaan pajak negara. Dapat dikatakan semakin tinggi frekuensi pelaksaan pemeriksaan maka semakin tinggi pula penerimaan pajak penghasilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 204, "width": 401, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika otoritas perpajakan dapat memperlihatkan bahwa mereka sangat serius dalam menindak kecurangan atau penghindaran pajak melalui tax audit , maka norma sosial wajib pajak terhadap membayar pajak dapat meningkat dan mendorong mereka untuk mematuhi ketentuan perpajakan. Menurut penelitian Sulistyorini & Latifah (2022) hasil penelitian menemukan bahawa Pemeriksaan pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan pajak. Atas dasar paparan di atas, maka hipotesis kedua dalam penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan seperti berikut: H 3 : Tax audit berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 331, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penghindaran pajak dapat berdampak pada penerimaan pajak karena dapat mengurangi jumlah pajak yang harus dibayarkan oleh individu atau perusahaan. Dalam konteks ini, Teori Perilaku Terencana (TPB) dapat membantu menjelaskan mengapa seseorang atau perusahaan memilih untuk menghindari pajak dan bagaimana hal itu dapat mempengaruhi penerimaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 394, "width": 401, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tikupadang & Palalangan (2020) tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak. Atas dasar paparan di atas, maka hipotesis kedua dalam penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan seperti berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 445, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 4 : Tax avoidance berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 495, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 520, "width": 400, "height": 225, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di Kantor Pelayanan Penyuluhan, dan Konsultsi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh wajib pajak yang terdaftar di Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang pada tahun 2022. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 88.290 orang. Peneliti memilih teknik Probability Sampling jenis Simple Random Sampling. Menentukan jumlah sampel yang akan diambil pada penelitian ini dengan cara menggunakan rumus slovin. Berdasarkan rumus slovin maka dapat diukur besarnya sampel sebesar 100 responden. Teknik angket merupakan teknik utama pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, dimana angket diberikan dalam bentuk daftar pertanyaan beserta pilihan jawabannya (multiple choice) kepada 100 orang wajib pajak yang terdaftar di Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang. Pengukuran Variabel akan dilakukan dengan skala Likert menggunakan metode scoring dengan skala 1-5, Skala Penelitan sebagai berikut: Skala 1 = Sangat Tidak Setuju (STS), Skala 2 = Tidak Setuju (TS), Skala 3 = Cukup Setuju (CS), Skala 4= Setuju (S), Skala 5= Sangat Setuju (SS). Analisis data meliputi uji instrumen (validitas dan reliabilitas), uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 785, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, definisi operasional variabelnya dapat dilihat pada tabel 1:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 154, "width": 373, "height": 266, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Definisi Operasional No. Variabel Indikator Skala 1 e-filing (X1) 1) Mudah 2) Efektif dan Efisien 3) Kelengkapan 4) Patuh Likert 2 Kepatuhan WP (X2) 1) Pendaftaran Wajib Pajak 2) Perhitungan Pajak 3) Pelaporan SPT 4) Pembukuan. (Margiota et al ., 2022) Likert 3 Pemeriksaan Pajak (X3) 1) Tujuan pemeriksaan, 2) Prosedur pemeriksaan, 3) Hasil pemeriksaan 4) Kompetensi pemeriksa pajak. (Sari et al ., 2022) Likert 4 Tax avoidance (X4) 1) Kurangnya Pengetahuan 2) Sikap Petugas Pajak 3) Sistem dan pelaksanaan pajak (Indriyani & Herliana, 2020; Tambun et al ., 2020) Likert 5 Penerimaan Pajak (Y) 1) Peran Penerimaan Pajak 2) Sumber Penerimaan Pajak 3) Upaya Dalam Meningkatkan Penerimaan Pajak (Ariesta & Latifah, 2017) Likert", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 230, "top": 116, "width": 166, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 141, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan P2KP Sengkang. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui pembagian kuesioner. Kuesioner dibagikan secara langsung kepada wajib pajak (responden), dengan rincian dari total 100 lembar kuesioner dibagiakan, seluruh kuesioner yang dibagikan total yang kembali yakni 100 lembar atau seluruhnya. Hal ini berarti responden yang menjadi sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 230, "width": 128, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 242, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji instrumen penelitian terdiri dari dua metode yakni uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Uji validitas dihitung dengan melihat dari angka corrected item-total correlation, dengan ketentuan syarat dikatakan valid apabila memiliki nilai corrected item total correlation > r-tabel. Sedangkan untuk uji reliabilitas menggunakan metode statistik Cronbach Alpha dengan nilai sebesar 0,60. Apabila Cronbach Alpha dari suatu variabel ≥ 0,6 maka butir pertanyaan dalam instrumen penelitian tersebut adalah reliabel atau dapat diandalkan. Berikut hasil dari uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada table berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 356, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Pengujian Validitas & Realibitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 370, "width": 362, "height": 254, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel Indikator Pearson Correlation r-tabel Cronbach’s Alpha Ket. Kepatuhan WP (X1) X1.1 0.749 0.196 0.852 Valid & Reliabel X1.2 0.745 0.196 X1.3 0.820 0.196 X1.4 0.798 0.196 Kepatuhan WP (X1) X2.1 0.826 0.196 0.762 Valid & Reliabel X2.2 0.790 0.196 X2.3 0.857 0.196 X2.4 0.856 0.196 Tax audit (X3) X3.1 0.752 0.196 0.612 Valid & Reliabel X3.2 0.734 0.196 X3.3 0.782 0.196 X3.4 0.788 0.196 Tax avoidance (X4) X4.1 0.768 0.196 0.769 Valid & Reliabel X4.2 0.725 0.196 X4.3 0.763 0.196 Kepatuhan WPOP(Y) Y1 0.851 0.196 0.852 Valid & Reliabel Y2 0.786 0.196 Y3 0.850 0.196", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 785, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data pada tabel 2, menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mempunyai koefisien korelasi atau nilai corrected item total correlation yang lebih besar dari r- tabel (0.1966), sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa semua indikator variabel penelitian ini adalah valid. Selanjutnya dalam hasil pengujian reliabilitas dalam tabel tersebut di atas menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel dalam penelitian mempunyai koefisien alpha yang cukup besar yaitu > 0.600 sehingga dapat dikatakan semua konsep pengukur masing-masing variabel dari koesioner dalam penelitian ini adalah reliabel yang berarti bahwa kuesioner yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan kuesioner yang handal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 255, "width": 99, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Asumsi Klasik Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 280, "width": 398, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji normalitas dengan bantuan SPSS dengan menggunakan uji kolmogorof- smirnov adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 318, "width": 177, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 331, "width": 395, "height": 128, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Unstandardized Residual N 100 Normal Parameters a,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation .23014678 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .055 Positive .038 Negative -.055 Test Statistic .055 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .200 c,d a. Test distribution is Normal.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 462, "width": 217, "height": 44, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Calculated from data. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction. d. This is a lower bound of the true significance. Sumber: Data primer diolah, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 520, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Tabel 3 uji normalitas memiliki nilai signifikasi 0.200 yaitu Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) > 0.05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa data tersebut berdistribusi normal. Data dalam penelitian ini memiliki variasi yang sama, maka data layak digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 583, "width": 107, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 596, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menguji ada atau tidaknya multikolinearitas dalam model regresi dapat dilihat dari nilai tolerance dan lawannya, yaitu dengan melihat variance inflation factor (VIF). Nilai cut-off yang umum dipakai adalah nilai tolerance 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 646, "width": 347, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas Variabel VIF Keterangan Kepatuhan WP (X1) 4.351 Tidak Multikolinearitas e-filing (X2) 4.418 Tidak Multikolinearitas Tax audit (X3) 2.741 Tidak Multikolinearitas Tax avoidance (X4) 2.942 Tidak Multikolinearitas Sumber: Data primer diolah, 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 116, "width": 382, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model regresi untuk variabel independen yang diajukan oleh peneliti untuk diteliti bebas dari multikolinearitas. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat table diatas yang menunjukkan nilai VIF dari masing-masing variabel independen lebih kecil dari 10, dan dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 204, "width": 118, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Heterokedestisitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 217, "width": 382, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mendeteksi adanya Heteroskedastisitas, metode yang digunakan adalah metode chart (diagram Scatterplot). Jika ada pola yang jelas, serta titik- titik menyebar keatas dan dibawah 0 pada sumbu Y, maka tidak terjadi Heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 446, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data primer diolah, 2023", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 242, "top": 470, "width": 164, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Diagram Scatterplot", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 496, "width": 400, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 1, maka dapat dilihat bahwa data tersebar secara acak dan tidak membentuk suatu pola tertentu, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat heteroskedastisitas. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadinya perbedaan varians dari residual dari suatu pengamatan ke pengamatan yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 572, "width": 179, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 584, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis regresi. analisis selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 785, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 225, "top": 116, "width": 177, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 128, "width": 379, "height": 128, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Collinearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 1.682 .590 2.853 .005 X1 .278 .086 .253 3.227 .002 .230 4.351 X2 .307 .076 .320 4.041 .000 .226 4.418 X3 .264 .070 .235 3.766 .000 .365 2.741 X4 -.269 .082 -.212 - 3.284 .001 .340 2.942", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 124, "top": 259, "width": 161, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y Sumber: Data primer diolah, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 295, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil analisis dengan bantuan SPSS 25.0 yang ada di atas maka dapat ditulis persamaan regresi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 332, "width": 262, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y = 1.682 + 0.278X1 + 0.307X2 + 0.264X3 - 0.269X4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 358, "width": 401, "height": 237, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam persamaan regresi linear berganda di atas, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Y). Pertama, variabel Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (X1) memiliki koefisien regresi sebesar 0.278. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan wajib pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Y). Artinya, ketika tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak meningkat, maka Penerimaan Pajak juga akan meningkat, dengan asumsi variabel lain tetap konstan. Kemudian, variabel e-filing (X2) juga berpengaruh positif terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Y) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0.278. Hal ini menandakan bahwa penggunaan e-filing berkontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan Penerimaan Pajak. Ketika penggunaan e-filing meningkat, maka Penerimaan Pajak juga akan meningkat, dengan asumsi variabel lain tetap konstan. Selanjutnya, variabel Tax audit (X3) juga memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Y) dengan koefisien regresi 0.278. Ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin sering dilakukan Tax audit , maka Penerimaan Pajak akan meningkat dengan asumsi variabel lain tetap konstan. Namun, variabel Tax avoidance (X4) memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Y) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -0.278. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat Tax avoidance , Penerimaan Pajak akan mengalami penurunan, dengan asumsi variabel lain tetap konstan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Simultan (F-Test)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 128, "width": 401, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji ini digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bersama-sama variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Berikut hasil uji simultan pada tabel beriut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 254, "top": 166, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji Simultan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 178, "width": 382, "height": 82, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 33.710 4 8.427 152.678 .000 b Residual 5.244 95 .055 Total 38.954 99 a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 262, "width": 182, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), X4, X3, X1, X2 Sumber: Data primer diolah, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 300, "width": 400, "height": 60, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarakan Tabel 6 F-table sebesar 2.464 dan F hitung sebesar 152.678. Karena nilai F hitung > F-table, dan nilai signifikansi < 0.001, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa model ini dapat diterima serta kepatuhan wajib pajak (X1), e- filing (X2), tax audit (X3), tax avoidance (X4) secara simultan mempengaruhi penerimaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 376, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "R2 (Koefisien Determinasi)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 388, "width": 400, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koefisien Determinasi digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan model dalam penelitian menerangkan variabel dependen. Koefisien determinasi dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 439, "width": 192, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 111, "top": 451, "width": 405, "height": 51, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .930 a .865 .860 .23494", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 111, "top": 506, "width": 182, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), X4, X3, X1, X2 b. Dependent Variable: Y Sumber: Data primer diolah, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 559, "width": 401, "height": 60, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 7, besarnya nilai R-squared adalah 0.865. Hal ini menujukan Penerimaan Pajak (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kepatuhan wajib pajak (X1), e-filing (X2), tax audit (X3), tax avoidance (X4) sebesar 86.5%. Sedangkan sisanya 13,5% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain diluar variabel penelitian seperti pemahaman perpajakan dan pemahaman internet.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 635, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji t (Parsial)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 647, "width": 401, "height": 48, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji statistik t dalam penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada nilai probabilitas t- statistic. Uji statistik t dilakukan untuk menunjukkan seberapa jauh kepatuhan wajib pajak (X1), e-filing (X2), tax audit (X3), tax avoidance (X4) terhadap penerimaan pajak (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 711, "width": 361, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Uji Parsial (t-test) Variabel t Sig. e Keterangan Kepatuhan WP (X1) 3.227 0.002 0.050 Signifikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 785, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 387, "height": 49, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-filing (X2) 4.041 0.000 0.050 Signifikan Tax audit (X3) 3.766 0.000 0.050 Signifikan Tax avoidance (X4) -3.284 0.001 0.050 Signifikan Sumber: output SPSS (2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 180, "width": 401, "height": 149, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel kesadaran kepatuhan wajib pajak (X1), e-filing (X2), tax audit (X3), dan tax avoidance (X4) memiliki pengaruh terhadap penerimaan pajak (Y). Setiap variabel menunjukkan nilai t-hitung yang lebih besar dari t-tabel, serta nilai signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi yang ditetapkan (0.050), sehingga hipotesis alternatif (Ha) dapat diterima. Secara rinci, hasil pengujian menyatakan bahwa kesadaran kepatuhan wajib pajak (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak (Y). Begitu juga dengan e-filing (X2) dan tax audit (X3), keduanya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak (Y). Namun, variabel tax avoidance (X4) menunjukkan pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak (Y). Artinya, semakin tinggi tingkat tax avoidance , maka penerimaan pajak akan mengalami penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 345, "width": 271, "height": 22, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak terhadap Penerimaan Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 401, "height": 86, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapati hasil kepatuhan wajib pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan tehadap penerimaan pajak. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan kepatuhan wajib pajak merupakan salah satu faktor penentu meningkat dan tidaknya penerimaan pajak Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang. Dapat diketahui juga dari kuesioner yang dibagikan oleh peneliti bahwa rata- rata dari indikator berada pada kategori Setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 458, "width": 400, "height": 276, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil deskripsi variabel Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (X1) menunjukkan betapa pentingnya upaya terus-menerus dalam meningkatkan kesadaran dan edukasi perpajakan. Edukasi yang tepat dan sosialisasi yang efektif tentang pentingnya kewajiban perpajakan serta transparansi dan kualitas layanan perpajakan yang baik dapat menjadi langkah efektif dalam mempertahankan tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi di kalangan wajib pajak. Semakin meningkatnya kesadaran dan kepatuhan ini, akan semakin berdampak positif bagi sistem perpajakan dan penerimaan pajak, dan pada akhirnya, mendukung pertumbuhan dan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan bagi negara dan masyarakat. Ketika wajib pajak membayar pajak secara tepat waktu dan benar, maka pemerintah akan mendapatkan penerimaan pajak yang cukup untuk membiayai program dan kegiatan pemerintah yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, kepatuhan wajib pajak dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap penerimaan pajak. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya oleh Rakhmadhani (2020) dan Aprilianto & Hidayat (2020) yang menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan wajib pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak, memperkuat argumentasi tentang pentingnya faktor-faktor dalam TPB dalam membentuk perilaku kepatuhan wajib pajak. Dengan memahami dan mengakomodasi faktor-faktor ini, otoritas pajak dapat mengembangkan strategi dan kebijakan yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan penerimaan pajak, serta memastikan penerimaan pajak yang optimal untuk mendukung pembangunan dan kegiatan negara secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-filing terhadap Penerimaan Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 128, "width": 401, "height": 137, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapati hasil e-filing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan tehadap penerimaan pajak. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan e-filing merupakan salah satu faktor penentu meningkat dan tidaknya penerimaan pajak Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang. Hasil deskripsi dari variabel e-filing (X2) mengungkapkan fakta yang positif terkait persepsi wajib pajak terhadap penggunaan aplikasi e-filing dalam pelaporan perpajakan. Mayoritas responden menyatakan setuju atau sangat setuju terhadap kategori kepatuhan terkait e-filing . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa wajib pajak merasa nyaman dan puas dengan aplikasi e-filing yang disediakan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak, yang membantu mereka untuk melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakan dengan lebih efisien dan mudah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 400, "height": 237, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan mayoritas responden yang menganggap aplikasi e-filing mudah digunakan dan mempermudah dalam melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakan, serta memungkinkan mereka untuk melaporkan SPT kapan saja, hal ini mencerminkan bahwa adopsi teknologi dalam proses perpajakan memberikan manfaat nyata bagi wajib pajak. Penggunaan aplikasi e-filing yang positif ini juga dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan tingkat kepatuhan pajak, karena wajib pajak merasa lebih terbantu dalam mengisi data SPT dengan benar dan lengkap melalui platform yang lebih modern dan efisien. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Antarini et al . (2019) hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa e-filing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak. Penerapan e-filing dalam sistem perpajakan dapat dianggap sebagai salah satu upaya yang efektif untuk meningkatkan penerimaan pajak negara. Dengan meningkatkan adopsi e-filing , otoritas pajak dapat memfasilitasi wajib pajak dalam melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakan dengan lebih baik dan memberikan alternatif yang lebih efisien dan efektif dalam pelaporan pajak. Selain itu, penggunaan e-filing juga dapat membantu mengurangi potensi kesalahan dalam pengisian dan pelaporan, yang pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan akurasi dan kepercayaan terhadap data perpajakan. Dengan demikian, meningkatnya penerimaan pajak dapat tercapai melalui pemanfaatan teknologi yang tepat dan strategis dalam sistem perpajakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 521, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax Audit terhadap Penerimaan Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 533, "width": 400, "height": 112, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapati hasil Tax audit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan tehadap penerimaan pajak. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan Tax audit merupakan salah satu faktor penentu meningkat dan tidaknya penerimaan pajak Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang. Dapat diketahui dari kuesioner yang dibagikan oleh peneliti bahwa rata- rata dari indikator dari Tax audit berada pada kategori setuju. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan pajak yang dilakukan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak dapat meningkatkan penerimaan pajak bagi negara, yang pada gilirannya dapat digunakan untuk mendanai program-program pemerintah yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 647, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil deskripsi dari variabel kepatuhan, tax audit menunjukkan indikasi yang positif terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak terhadap proses pemeriksaan pajak yang dilakukan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Mayoritas responden menyatakan setuju atau sangat setuju terhadap kategori kepatuhan dalam menghadapi pemeriksaan pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 785, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 174, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa mayoritas wajib pajak merasa bahwa pemeriksaan pajak yang dilakukan oleh pihak otoritas berjalan dengan baik dan profesional. Sejalan dari penelitian sebelumnya oleh Aprilianto & Hidayat (2020) dan Sulistyorini & Latifah (2022) yang menyatakan bahwa pemeriksaan pajak berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak, menegaskan pentingnya peran tax audit dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan dan penerimaan pajak. Pemeriksaan pajak yang intens dan terencana dapat menciptakan rasa waspada dan kekhawatiran di kalangan wajib pajak, sehingga mereka cenderung lebih berhati-hati dalam memenuhi kewajiban perpajakan mereka. Dengan demikian, wajib pajak akan memiliki motivasi lebih tinggi untuk patuh terhadap peraturan perpajakan dan menghindari tindakan tax avoidance . Hal ini akan berdampak positif pada peningkatan penerimaan pajak negara, yang pada gilirannya akan memberikan dukungan yang lebih besar untuk membiayai program-program pembangunan dan kegiatan negara secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 306, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax Avoidance terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 318, "width": 401, "height": 200, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapati hasil tax avoidance berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan tehadap penerimaan pajak. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan tax avoidance merupakan salah satu faktor penentu menurunnya penerimaan pajak Kantor Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, dan Konsultasi Perpajakan (KP2KP) Sengkang dapat diketahui dari kuesioner yang dibagikan oleh peneliti bahwa rata- rata dari indikator dari tax avoidance berada pada kategori setuju. Mayoritas responden dalam kuesioner ini merasa kesulitan memahami istilah dan pengertian terkait pajak, serta merasa petugas pajak kurang kooperatif dalam memberikan penjelasan. Selain itu, mereka juga menganggap sistem dan pelaksanaan pajak di Indonesia masih kurang transparan dan terbuka untuk diakses oleh wajib pajak. Persepsi negatif dari wajib pajak terhadap sistem dan pelaksanaan pajak di Indonesia dapat meningkatkan kecenderungan untuk melakukan tindakan tax avoidance . Jika wajib pajak merasa kesulitan dalam memahami ketentuan pajak dan pelayanan dari petugas pajak kurang kooperatif, mereka mungkin akan mencari celah untuk mengurangi kewajiban perpajakan mereka atau bahkan melakukan tindakan yang tidak sah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 521, "width": 401, "height": 199, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persepsi negatif terhadap sistem perpajakan dan pelaksanaan perpajakan yang tercermin dalam hasil deskripsi ini menuntut perbaikan dan peningkatan transparansi dalam sistem perpajakan. Kepercayaan wajib pajak terhadap sistem perpajakan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menerapkan kebijakan yang lebih adil dan berpihak pada kepentingan seluruh masyarakat. Otoritas pajak dan pemerintah harus berupaya memberikan pelayanan yang lebih berkualitas dan responsif kepada wajib pajak, sehingga mereka merasa didukung dan dipahami dalam pelaksanaan kewajiban perpajakan. Selain itu, penting untuk memberikan informasi yang lebih mudah diakses dan dipahami oleh wajib pajak mengenai peraturan perpajakan, hak dan kewajiban mereka, serta konsekuensi dari tax avoidance . Dengan demikian, wajib pajak dapat lebih sadar dan teredukasi mengenai pentingnya kepatuhan perpajakan dan kontribusi mereka dalam mendukung pembangunan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian sebelumnya oleh (Anggraeni et al ., 2013) dan (Noch & Ak, 2022) menegaskan bahwa adanya persepsi individu terhadap kemudahan dan kendali dalam melakukan tax avoidance berhubungan dengan niat untuk melakukan tindakan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika seseorang merasa bahwa mereka memiliki kemampuan dan kontrol atas tindakan tax avoidance , hal itu dapat mempengaruhi niat mereka untuk melakukannya. Faktor psikologis seperti ini dapat mempengaruhi perilaku wajib pajak dalam memilih untuk menghindari kewajiban perpajakan mereka. Jika wajib pajak percaya bahwa mereka dapat dengan mudah menghindari pembayaran pajak atau memanfaatkan celah-celah hukum untuk mengurangi beban perpajakan mereka, maka mereka mungkin cenderung untuk mengambil langkah- langkah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 230, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 255, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepatuhan wajib pajak, penggunaan e-filing , tax audit , dan tax avoidance memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak di KPP Pratama Makassar Utara. Kepatuhan wajib pajak, e-filing , dan tax audit berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan pajak, sehingga upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan ketaatan wajib pajak, serta mendorong penggunaan e-filing dan pelaksanaan tax audit secara efektif dapat berdampak positif pada penerimaan negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 343, "width": 401, "height": 112, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, perlu diperhatikan bahwa tax avoidance memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap penerimaan pajak. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah tax avoidance dan mendorong para wajib pajak untuk melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakannya dengan baik. Selain itu, penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya dalam bidang ilmu akuntansi terutama terkait penerimaan pajak. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah menambah variabel-variabel lain yang dapat mempengaruhi penerimaan pajak, serta melakukan penelitian dengan metode yang lebih canggih dan sampel yang lebih representatif untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat dan komprehensif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 785, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 261, "top": 116, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 142, "width": 401, "height": 48, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agustiningsih, W., & Isroah, I. (2016). Pengaruh Penerapan E-filing , Tingkat Pemahaman Perpajakan Dan Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di KPP Pratama Yogyakarta. Nominal Barometer Riset Akuntansi Dan Manajemen , 5 (2), 107 –122.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 205, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 (2), 179 –211.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 244, "width": 401, "height": 47, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggraeni, I. Y., Farida, N., & Saryadi, S. (2013). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Semarang Tengah Satu. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 401, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Antarini, K. D., Mendra, N. P. Y., & Adiyadnya, M. S. P. (2019). Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Penggunaan E-filing , Tax audit Dan Penagihan Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Studi Kasus Di Kpp Pratama Denpasar Timur).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 345, "width": 376, "height": 22, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seminar Nasional Inovasi Dalam Penelitian Sains, Teknologi Dan Humaniora- InoBali , 547 –554.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 383, "width": 401, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aprilianto, B., & Hidayat, A. (2020). Pengaruh Bisnis E-Commerce dan Pemeriksaan Pajak terhadap Penerimaan Pajak (Studi Kasus Wajib Pajak Yang Terdaftar di KPP Kelapa Gading). Eko Preneur , 1 (2), 156 –168.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 433, "width": 401, "height": 36, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ariesta, R. P., & Latifah, L. (2017). Pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak , sanksi perpajakan , sistem administrasi perpajakan modern , pengetahuan korupsi , dan tax amnesty terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Akuntansi Dewantara , 1 (2),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 469, "width": 49, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "173 –187.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 497, "width": 401, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arifin, S. B. (2018). Pengaruh Tax Amnesty, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Dan Pemeriksaan Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Di Kpp Pratama Medan Polonia. 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The Surgical Clinics of North America , 66 (3), 641 –652.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 661, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fikriyah, T. M., & Trisnaningsih, S. (2023). Mengungkap Perilaku Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi dengan Pelaporan Sistem E-filing Lintas Generasi. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah , 5 (4), 1567 –1577.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hamzah, M. F., & Muslim, M. (2018). Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak (studi empiris pada KPP Pratama Kabupaten Sidrap). Journal Of Institution And Sharia Finance , 1 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2656-0410, E-ISSN: 2654-590X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 35, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indriyani, E., & Herliana, H. (2020). MENELAAH PERILAKU KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK YANG TERDAFTAR PADA KPP PRATAMA PALU. Bongaya Journal for Research in Accounting (BJRA) , 3 (1), 28 –34.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 166, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jayanti, Z., Harimurti, F., & Kristianto, D. (2019). 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How Tax Policies and Business Strategies Affect MSME Actors During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 253, "width": 378, "height": 12, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Advances in Taxation Research , 1 (1), 13 –24.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 268, "width": 289, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://advancesinresearch.id/index.php/ATR/article/view/5", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 293, "width": 401, "height": 60, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lukman, M. I., Tenriwaru, T., & Ikhtiari, K. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TAX SERVICE QUALITY, APPLICATION OF E-REGISTRATION AND E-FILING ON THE LEVEL OF TAXPAYER SATISFACTION OF PERSONAL PERSONS AT THE TAX SERVICE OFFICE PRATAMA MAKASSAR SELATAN. 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Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Terpadu , 12 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 609, "width": 401, "height": 61, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noch, R. M., & Ak, M. (2022). PENGARUH SELF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM, PEMERIKSAAN PAJAK, PENAGIHAN PAJAK, TAX AVOIDANCE DAN TAX EVASION TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN (PPh)(Survey Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Kabupaten Indramayu, Cirebon, Kuningan, Majalengka, Sumedang) . Universitas Pasundan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AJAR 7(1), February 2024: 91-111", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 785, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 48, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oktavianti, T., Girsang, R. 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Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi) , 2 (2), 115 –143.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 382, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, D. K., Fitrianty, R., & Rahayu, S. (2022). Pengaruh Edukasi, Pengawasan Dan Pemeriksaan Pajak Terhadap Peningkatan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di KPP Pratama Surabaya Genteng. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling (JPDK) ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 417, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 (6), 6304 –6320.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 445, "width": 401, "height": 48, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Subhan, S., & Ibrahim, F. N. (2021). Pengaruh Pengetahuan Wajib Pajak, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Pelayanan Fiskus Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi. YUME: Journal of Management , 4 (1). https://www.journal.stieamkop.ac.id/index.php/yume/article/view/1017/626", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 508, "width": 401, "height": 61, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sulistyorini, E., & Latifah, N. (2022). Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Pemeriksaan Pajak, Dan Penagihan Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Badan (Studi Kasus Di Kpp Pratama Pati Tahun 2016-2019). Jurnal Ilmiah Fokus Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis & Akuntansi (EMBA) , 1 (1), 105 –112.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 584, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutantri, Y., & Santoso, S. (2019). ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI DESA NGRINGO. SMOOTING , 17 (1), 68 –78.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 635, "width": 400, "height": 47, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tambun, S., Sitorus, R. R., & Atmojo, S. (2020). Pengaruh Digitalisasi Layanan Pajak Dan Cooperative Compliance Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Tax avoidance Dimoderasi Kebijakan Fiskal Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Media Akuntansi Perpajakan , 5 (2), 74 –86.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 698, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tikupadang, W. K., & Palalangan, C. A. (2020). Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Pengetahuan Sistem E-filing , Tax audit , Dan Tax avoidance Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak. 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[ { "left": 209, "top": 756, "width": 209, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019; 35-58 https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/fondatia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 152, "top": 113, "width": 322, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENILAIAN AUTENTIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 150, "top": 129, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) DI SEKOLAH DAN PERGURUAN TINGGI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 204, "width": 245, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Anis Marfuah, **Febriza Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta * [email protected] ** [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 286, "width": 46, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 319, "width": 343, "height": 176, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Changes in education in Indonesia in the form of one form of and also a new curriculum that serves as a refinement of the previous curriculum, namely KTSP. The method of this study is to use literature research (literature research) to be analyzed and concluded. The results of this study are discussing the notion of authentic assessment, the characteristics of authentic assessment, comparison of authentic and non-authentic assessment, authentic assessment principles, techniques and instrumens, authentic assessment components, and the problems of implementing authentic assessment in schools and in universities. Conclusion Authentic assessment techniques pay attention to 3 things namely affective, cognitive, and psychomotor competencies. The component of authentic assessment itself that needs attention is the preparation of authentic assignments and the rubric for authentic assessment. While the Probematics of the implementation of authentic assessment in schools or in college each school and college has different obstacles.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 498, "width": 175, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Assessment, Authentic, PAI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 403, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak: Perubahan pendidikan di Indonesia berupa salah satu bentuk dari dan juga merupakan kurikulum baru yang berfungsi sebagai penyempurna kurikulum sebelumnya, yaitu KTSP. Metode pengkajian ini adalah menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan ( literatur research ) yang akan dianalisis dan disimpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini ialah membahas pengertian penilaian autentik, karakteristik penilaian autentik, perbandingan penilaian autentik dan non autentik, prinsip-prinsip penilaian autentik, teknik dan instrumen, komponen penilaian autentik, serta problematika implementasi penilaian autentik di sekolah maupun di perguruan Tinggi. Kesimpulan teknik penilaian autentik memperhatikan 3 hal yaitu Kompetensi afektif, kognitif, dan psikomotorik. Komponen penilaian autentik sendiri yang perlu diperhatikan ialah penyiapan tugas autentik dan rubrik penilaian autentik. Sedangkan Probematika implementasi penilaian autentik di sekolah ataupun di perguruan tinggi masing- masing sekolah dan perguruan Tinggi mempunyai kendala yang berbeda-beda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 725, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Penilaian, Autentik, PAI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 107, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 134, "width": 400, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KTSP telah mengembangkan sistem penilaian pembelajaran yang dikenal dengan penilaian kelas. KTSP kemudian dikembangkan dan disempurnakan menjadi Kurikulum 2013. Kurikulum 2013 mengembangkan sistem penilaian autentik. Adapun penyebab terjadinya pergesesaran dari penilaian kelas kepada penilaian autentik dikarenakan adanya pergeseran-pergesaran sebagai berikut: 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 235, "width": 383, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pergeseran dari penilaian melewati ujian (menilai kompetensi pengetahuan dari hasil semata), mengarah pada penilaian autentik (menilai semua kemampuan sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan berlandaskan prosedur dan hasil).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 316, "width": 383, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menguatkan PAP (penilaian acuan patokan) yaitu pencapaian prestasi belajar berasaskan pada kondisi skor yang didapatkan terhadap skor sempurna (tertinggi).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 377, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Penilaian bukan saja pada level KD, namun juga KI dan SKL.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 397, "width": 383, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Menstimulasi pemanfaatan portofolio yang dikerjakan siswa sebagai instrumen pertama penilaian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 458, "width": 400, "height": 196, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian merupakan sebagai wujud dari teknik evaluasi yang merupakan salah satu bagian pokok dalam suatu proses pembelajaran. Hasil penilaian dapat dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur untuk melihat apakah tujuan pembelajaran sebagaimana yang telah ditentukan dalam kurikulum sudah tercapai atau belum. Bahkan dalam hal ini penilaian juga bisa digunakan untuk menilai seberapa jauh keinginan pembelajaran tersebut telah dicapai seiring dengan perkembangan dan perubahan kurikulum yang berlaku dari masa ke masa. Model dan metode dalam penilaian pun selalu mengalami perubahan dan penyempurnaan. Di Indonesia telah dilakukan pengubahan kurikulum sebanyak 9 kali, yaitu dimulai dari tahun 1947 yang dikenal dengan rencana pelajaran hingga kurikulum 2013 yang dikenal dengan kurikulum yang berkarakter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada umumnya, guru melakukan penilaian di kelas terikat dengan aktivitas belajar mengajar dalam upaya menghimpun data, fakta, dan dokumen belajar siswa dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 718, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Supardi, Penilaian Autentik Pembelajaran Afektif, Kognitif, dan Psikomotorik (Konsep dan Aplikasi) , (Jakarta:Rajawali Pers, 2015), hlm. 23-25.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tujuan untuk melakukan perbaikan program pembelajaran. Guru yang profesional memanfaatkan penilaian prosedur dan prestasi belajar untuk memperbaiki perencanaan pembelajaran dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 174, "width": 400, "height": 217, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan penilaian prosedur dan prestasi belajar tersebut membutuhkan informasi yang bervariasi dari kelompok peserta didik, guru juga dapat menerapkan metode dan teknik yang bervariasi dalam melaksanakan penilaian dengan mengumpulkan catatan pertemuan, pengamatan, portofolio, catatan harian, ujian, data hasil interview, survey dan sebagainya. Penilaian yang tepat akan dapat memberikan cerminan dan refleksi proses pembelajaran yang dialami oleh peserta didik. Penilaian seperti itu dapat menunjukkan perilaku belajar peserta didik secara lengkap, serta menunjukkan perilaku peserta didik dalam kehidupan nyata. Gambaran lengkap tentang peserta didik juga dicerminkan dalam perilaku peserta didik pada saat istirahat, berkomunikasi dengan guru, bergaul dengan teman, berinteraksi dengan orang lain, mengikuti pelajaran, membuat tugas, menghasilkan produk. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 417, "width": 58, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 437, "width": 400, "height": 197, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam makalah ini bersandar dari berbagai referensi atau literatur yang signifikan dengan tema pembahasan yang dibahas. Validitas dan relevansi refrensi yang digunakan dapat dipercaya dan dibuktikan. Jenis data yang di terima berupa data sekunder. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi pustaka atau kepustakaan dengan menelusuri berbagai rujukan yang terkait dengan topik utama permasalahan. Literatur yang digunakan merupakan literature yang telah diriset validitasnya dan mendukung dalam penguraian masalah. Strategi analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan memfokuskan pada interpretasi dan kontekstualisasi atas data yang berhubungan dengan Penilaian Autentik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 744, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Ridwan Abdullah Sani, Penilaian Autentik , (Jakarta: bumi aksara, 2016), hlm. 15-16.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 134, "width": 265, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pengertian dan Karakteristik Penilaian Autentik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 154, "width": 174, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pengertian Penilaian Autentik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 174, "width": 364, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelompok pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam yang mengandung isi materinya penuh dengan isi norma dan nilai-nilai di dalamnya, tentunya memerlukan penilaian yang dilakukan bukan hanya terfokus pada satu aspek saja (kognitif), akan tetapi harus menyeluruh baik dari aspek pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan. Dari ketiga aspek tersebut dalam penilaiannya, harus berdasarkan atas konsep keterpaduan materi, dan proses pengelolaan pendidikan yang meliputi keselarasan antara lingkungan pendidikan, yaitu: madrasah, family , dan masyarakat. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 336, "width": 364, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut pengertian penilaian dari beberapa ahli, menurut E. Mulyasa menyatakan bahwa penilaian adalah kelengkapan aktivitas pengukuran (penghimpunan data dan informasi), pengolahan, penafsiran, dan pertimbangan untuk membuat ketetapan tentang jenjang hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik sesudah melakukan aktivitas belajar dalam usaha mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 458, "width": 364, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heri Gunawan mengutip Hamalik, menerangkan bahwa penilaian dalam pendidikan yakni seperangkat aktivitas, maupun proses untuk menentukan nilai sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan dunia pendidikan. Penilaian adalah prosedur pengumpulan, dan pengolahan laporan untuk menilai perolehan dampak belajar peserta didik. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 559, "width": 364, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian terhadap prosedur dan hasil pembelajaran merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisah dari perencanaan maupun pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran guru. Penilaian pembelajaran pada Kurikulum 2013 diarahkan pada penilaian autentik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 669, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Abdul Majid dan Dian Andayani, Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Kompetensi: Konsep dan Implementasi Kurikulum 2004 , (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakary, 2004), hlm. 189.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 398, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 E. Mulyasa, Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter , (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2012), cet. Ke-2, hlm. 201- 202.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RINo.23Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Penilaian Pendidikan, hlm. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 113, "width": 364, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah penilaian autentik diperkenalkan oleh Grant Wiggins pada tahun 1990. Wiggins menolak penilaian yang bersifat umum dilakukan di sekolah, seperti isian singkat, tes pilihan ganda, dan sejenisnya. Padahal, di dunia nyata orang diuji dengan cara memperlihatkan kemampuannya secara spontan, ataupun dengan memperlihatkan produk yang sudah dibuatnya. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 215, "width": 365, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara lazim penilaian autentik kerap disitir dengan authentic assessment . Authentic assessment adalah suatu penilaian hasil belajar yang mengharuskan peserta didik untuk memperlihatkan prestasi, dan hasil belajar, berupa kemampuan dalam kehidupan nyata dalam bentuk kinerja, ataupun hasil kerja. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 316, "width": 364, "height": 237, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Suyadi, authentic assessment yakni proses yang dilakukan pendidik untuk menghimpun informasi tentang kelanjutan belajar yang dilakukan peserta didik. Penilaian ini dibutuhkan untuk mendeteksi apakah peserta didik sungguh-sungguh belajar atau tidak, memahami atau tidak, menguasai atau tidak, apakah pengalaman belajar peserta didik memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap kelanjutan baik intelegensi maupun mental peserta didik. Penilaian yang autentik dilakukan secara tergabung dengan prosedur pembelajaran. Penilaian ini dilakukan sebagai kontinu selama proses pembelajaran berjalan. Oleh karena itu, penilaian dipusatkan pada proses belajar, bukan pada hasil belajar. Secara lebih umum tentang penilaian autentik didefinisikan sebagai penilaian yang dibuat secara menyeluruh untuk mengevaluasi sejak dari input, proses, maupun output pembelajaran. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 559, "width": 364, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan beberapa pengertian para ilmuan tentang authentic assessment maka pemakalah dapat menyimpulkan bahwa penilaian autentik mengawasi keseimbangan antara penilaian kompetensi sikap, kompetensi pengetahuan, dan kompetensi keterampilan yang disesuaikan dengan progres karakteristik peserta didik sesuai dengan tingkatannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 695, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Ridwan Abdullah Sani, Penilaian... , hlm. 22.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 708, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Supardi, Penilaian Autentik… , hlm. 24.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 723, "width": 372, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud No. 66 tahun 2013 tentang Standar Penilaian Pendidikan, hlm. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 113, "width": 184, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Karakteristik Penilaian Autentik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 134, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kunandar dalam bukunya yang bertema Penilaian Autentik, beliau menjelaskan bahwa karakteristik penilaian autentik meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 174, "width": 364, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) “Bisa digunakan untuk formatif maupun sumatif”. Artinya, penilaian autentik bisa dilakukan untuk menilai keberhasilan kompetensi terhadap satu kemampuan dasar (formatif) maupun keberhasilan terhadap standar kompetensi, atau kemampuan dasar dalam satu semester (sumatif).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 255, "width": 364, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Mengukur keterampilan dan informasi. maksudnya, penilaian autentik itu ditujukan pada pencapaian kemampuan yang memfokuskan pada aspek kemampuan (skill) dan kemampuan ( performance ), tidak hanya mengukur kemampuan yang sifatnya mengingat fenomena (hafalan dan ingatan).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 336, "width": 364, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Berkesinambungan dan terintegrasi. maksudnya, dalam membuat penilaian autentik perlu secara berkelanjutan (terus-menerus), dan merupakan satu kesatuan secara sempurna sebagai sarana untuk mengumpulkan informasi terhadap pencapaian kemampuan peserta didik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 417, "width": 364, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Dapat digunakan sebagai feed back . maksudnya, penilaian autentik yang dilakukan oleh pendidik dapat digunakan sebagai umpan balik atas pencapaian kompetensi paserta didik secara komprehensif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 478, "width": 365, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan karakteristik di atas penting untuk menjadi perhatian ketika melaksanakan penilaian autentik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, pertama , instrumen penilaian yang digunakan bervariasi sesuai dengan karakteristik kemampuan yang akan diperoleh. Kedua , aspek kemampuan belajar dinilai secara menyeluruh melingkupi berbagai aspek penilaian baik dalam ranah pengetahuan, ranah sikap, dan ranah keterampilan. Ketiga , penilaian dilaksanakan pada tahap pertama, proses maupun terakhir, baik afektif, kognitif, maupun skill sebagai input, proses, maupun output belajar siswa. 9", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 744, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Supardi, Penilaian Autentik... , hlm. 27-28.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perbandingan Penilaian Autentik dan Non Autentik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 134, "width": 382, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Permendikbud No. 104 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik Pada Pendidikan Dasar, Dan Pendidikan Menengah pada pasal 2 dijelaskan bahwa: 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 194, "width": 359, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Penilaian prestasi belajar oleh Pendidik dilakukan dalam bentuk penilaian autentik dan non-autentik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 235, "width": 350, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. sebagaimana dimaksud Penilaian Autentik pada ayat (1) melambangkan pendekatan pokok dalam Penilaian prestasi belajar oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 296, "width": 339, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bentuk penilaian Autentik seperti halnya yang berbunyi pada ayat (1) meliputi penilaian berdasarkan pengamatan, pekerjaan ke lapangan, portofolio, proyek, ciptaan, jurnal, kegiatan laboratorium, dan unjuk kegiatan, serta evaluasi pribadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 377, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Penilaian prestasi belajar oleh pendidik diterapkan dalam versi penilaian Autentik dan non-autentik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 417, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Penilaian Autentik sebagaimana yang berbunyi pada ayat (1) sebagai pendekatan pokok dalam Penilaian Hasil Belajar oleh Pendidik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 458, "width": 364, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Bentuk penilaian Autentik sebagaimana dimaksud dari ayat (1) meliputi penilaian berasas observasi, tugas ke lapangan, portofolio, proyek, ciptaan, jurnal, kegiatan laboratorium, dan unjuk kegiatan, juga evaluasi pribadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 539, "width": 363, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Penilaian Autentik sebagaimana yang berbunyi pada ayat (1) adalah pendekatan pokok dalam Penilaian prestasi belajar oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 579, "width": 367, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Bentuk penilaian Autentik yang mana berbunyi pada ayat (1) meliputi penilaian berdasarkan pengamatan, kegiatan ke lapangan, portofolio, proyek, produk, jurnal, kegiatan laboratorium, dan unjuk kegiatan, serta penilaian pribadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RI No.104 Tahun 2014 Pasal 2 Tentang Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah bagian Pedoman Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik, hlm. 3.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 113, "width": 367, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i. Penilaian Diri yang berbunyi pada ayat (3) yakni teknik penilaian sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan yang dilakukan mandiri oleh siswa secara reflektif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 174, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j. Bentuk penilaian non-autentik yang berbunyi pada ayat pada ayat (1) yaitu tes, ulangan, dan ujian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 215, "width": 364, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "k. b. Pendidik bisa memanfaatkan penilaian teman sejawat untuk memvalid Penilaian Autentik dan non-autentik berdasarkan yang dimaksud pada ayat (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 275, "width": 364, "height": 176, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari penjelasan Permendikbud No.104 Tahun 2014 di atas maka pemakalah mencoba membandingkan baik dari persamaan dan perbedaannya. Dari persamaannya, pada pelaksanaan penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik oleh pendidik dinilai dalam bentuk penilaian autentik dan non-autentik akan tetapi penilaian autentik merupakan pendekatan pokok dalam penilaian prestasi belajar oleh guru. Selanjutnya dari segi perbedaannya dalam bentuk penilaiannya, penilaian autentik mencakup penilaian berdasarkan pengamatan, tugas ke lapangan, portofolio, proyek, produk, jurnal, kegiatan laboratorium, dan unjuk kegiatan, serta penilaian pribadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 458, "width": 365, "height": 236, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian diri digunakan demi memberikan pemantapan ( reinforcement ) terhadap kesuksesan prosedur belajar siswa. Penilaian diri berperan utama bersamaan dengan bergulirnya pusat pembelajaran dari pendidik ke siswa yang berlandasan pada teori belajar mandiri ( autonomous learning ).Untuk menghilangkan kecenderungan peserta didik menilai diri sangat tinggi dan subyektif, penilaian diri dilaksanakan berasaskan standar yang spesifik dan objektif. Maka demikian penilaian diri oleh siswa di kelas penting dilakukan melalui tahapan sebagai berikut: a) Menerangkan kepada siswa makna penilaian diri, b) Menetapkan kemampuan yang akan dinilai, c) Menetapkan standar penilaian yang akan digunakan, d) Menginterpretasikan bentuk penilaian, bisa berwujud skedul tanda cek, maupun skala penilaian. Berikut contoh pola penilaian pribadi untuk aspek sikap: 11", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 744, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RI No.104 Tahun 2014…, hlm. 13-14.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 264, "top": 134, "width": 134, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipasi Dalam kelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 155, "width": 181, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nama : ----------------------------", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 175, "width": 275, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nama-nama anggota kelompok : ---------------------------- Kegiatan kelompok : ----------------------------", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 236, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isilah pernyataan berikut dengan jujur. Untuk No.1 s.d. 6, isilah dengan angka 4-1 didepan tiap pernyataan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 276, "width": 280, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 : selalu 2 : kadang-kadang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 297, "width": 270, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 : sering 1 : tidak pernah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 337, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.--- Selama diskusi saya mengusulkan ide kepada kelompok untuk didiskusikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 378, "width": 364, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.---Ketika kami berdiskusi, tiap orang diberi kesempatan mengusulkan sesuatu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 438, "width": 357, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.--- Semua anggota kelompok kami melakukan sesuatu selama kegiatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 459, "width": 331, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.--- Tiap orang sibuk dengan yang dilakukannya dalam kelompoksaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 479, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Selama kerja kelompok, saya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 499, "width": 149, "height": 115, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "---- mendengarkan orang lain ---- mengajukan pertanyaan ---- mengorganisasi ide-ide saya ---- mengorganisasi kelompok ---- mengacaukan kegiatan ---- melamun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 621, "width": 205, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Apa yang kamu lakukan selama kegiatan?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 641, "width": 262, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "---------------------------------------------------------------------", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 682, "width": 382, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian non-autentik meliputi tes, ulangan, maupun ujian. Agar memperkuat kedua penilaian itu maka pendidik dapat menggunakan penilaian teman sejawat dalam menilai prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 113, "width": 364, "height": 116, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian teman sejawat atau antar siswa adalah sistem penilaian dengan cara menyuruh siswa untuk sama-sama menilai terkait dengan pencapaian kompetensi. Instrumen yang digunakan berbentuk lembar observasi antar siswa. Penilaian teman sejawat dilakukan oleh siswa kepada 3 (tiga) rekan sekelas atau sebaliknya. Format yang digunakan untuk penilaian sejawat bisa menggunakan format seperti contoh pada penilaian pribadi. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 235, "width": 346, "height": 107, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh: Format penilaian teman sebaya No Pernyataan Skala 4 3 2 1 1. Teman saya berkata benar,apa adanya kepada orang lain 2. Teman saya mengerjakan sendiri tugas-tugas sekolah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 163, "top": 340, "width": 265, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Teman saya menaati peraturan (tata - tertib) yang diterapkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 163, "top": 369, "width": 265, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Teman saya memperhatikan kebersihan diri sendiri 5. Teman saya mengembalikan alat kebersihan, pertukangan,olahraga,laboratorium yang sudah selesai dipakai ke tempat penyimpanan semula", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 163, "top": 439, "width": 265, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Teman saya terbiasa menyelesaikan pekerjaan sesuai dengan petunjuk guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 470, "width": 265, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Teman saya menyelesaikan tugas tepat waktu apabila diberikan tugas oleh guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 501, "width": 262, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Teman saya berusaha bertutur kata yang sopan kepada orang lain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 528, "width": 248, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Teman saya berusaha bersikap ramah terhadap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 164, "top": 544, "width": 264, "height": 63, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "orang lain 10. Teman saya menolong teman yang sedang mendapatkan kesulitan Keterangan :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 185, "top": 614, "width": 50, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 = Selalu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 634, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 = Sering", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 185, "top": 654, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 = Jarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 674, "width": 81, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 =Sangat jarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 744, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Ibid., hlm. 24.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 195, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Prinsip-prinsip Penilaian Autentik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 134, "width": 379, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berasaskan Permendikbud No.104 Tahun 2014 tentang Penilaian prestasi belajar oleh guru pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah bagian pedoman penilaian prestasi belajar oleh Pendidik melampirkan prinsip-prinsip Penilaian Autentik sebagai berikut: 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 215, "width": 240, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Materi penilaian dikembangkan dari kurikulum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 235, "width": 216, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Bersifat lintas muatan atau mata pelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 255, "width": 224, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Berkaitan dengan kemampuan peserta didik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 275, "width": 159, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Berbasis kinerja peserta didik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 296, "width": 173, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Memotivasi belajar peserta didik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 316, "width": 323, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Menekankan pada kegiatan dan pengalaman belajar peserta didik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 336, "width": 337, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Memberi kebebasan peserta didik untuk mengkonstruksi responnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 356, "width": 320, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Menekankan keterpaduan sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 377, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i. Mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir divergen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 397, "width": 286, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j. Menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 417, "width": 267, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "k. Menghendaki balikan yang segera dan terus menerus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 437, "width": 275, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l. Menekankan konteks yang mencerminkan dunia nyata.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 458, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "m. Terkait dengan dunia kerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 478, "width": 303, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n. Menggunakan data yang diperoleh langsung dari dunia nyata.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 498, "width": 223, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "o. Menggunakan berbagai cara dan instrumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 539, "width": 382, "height": 115, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berkaitan dengan prinsip-prinsip penilaian autentik di atas, maka proses penilaian yakni bagian yang tidak dapat terpisah dari prosedur pembelajaran dan mencerminkan masalah dunia nyata/sehari-hari. Sehingga dalam merancang penilaian autentik, perlu memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip, sebagai berikut: penilaian wajib menggunakan beraneka dimensi, metode dan kriteria yang sesuai dengan keunikan dan esensi pengalaman belajar; penilaian wajib bersifat holistik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RI No.104 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah bagian Pedoman Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik, hlm. 5-6.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 113, "width": 382, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mencakup semua segi dari harapan pembelajaran (sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan). 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 154, "width": 234, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Teknik dan Instrumen Penilaian Autentik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 174, "width": 382, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Supardi tentang teknik dan instrumen yang digunakan bagi penilaian autentik, berdasarkan lampiran Permendikbud No. 66 Tahun 2013 berhubungan dengan standar penilaian pendidikan dilakukan untuk mengukur kompetensi sikap, kompetensi pengetahuan dan kompetensi keterampilan. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 255, "width": 382, "height": 156, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama, penilaian pada kompetensi sikap , Pendidik melakukan penilaian dengan cara melalui teknik observasi, penilaian diri, dan penilaian teman sejawat ( peer evalution ) oleh siswa, dan jurnal. Instrumen yang diterapkan untuk teknik pengamatan, penilaian pribadi, penilaian antar siswa yakni menggunakan daftar cek, atau skala penilaian ( rating scale ) yang disertai rubrik, untuk jurnal berbentuk notulen pendidik. Jurnal merupakan kumpulan dokumen catatan guru atau tenaga kependidikan di lingkungan sekolah tentang sikap dan perilaku baik maupun buruk, semasa dan di luar prosedur pembelajaran mata pelajaran. 16", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 417, "width": 382, "height": 115, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contohnya pada teknik penilaian diri yakni laporan diri peserta didik tentang aktivitas yang dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, misalnya menyangkut praktik pengalaman ibadah shalat fardu, shalat jum’at, shalat sunnah, puasa ramadhan, puasa sunnah, membaca Al-Qur’an, mengikuti kegiatan pengajian di TPA, pengajian remaja masjid, dan sebagainya. Adapun contoh instrumennya sebagai berikut: 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 682, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Yubali Ani, “ Penilaian Autentik Kurikulum 2013 ”, Seminar Nasional Implementasi 2013, diunduh pada tanggal 26Februari 2019 pukul 10:11 WIB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 708, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Ibid., hlm. 24.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 723, "width": 265, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud No.104 Tahun 2014…, hlm. 15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 744, "width": 341, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Sukiman, Pengembangan Sistem Evaluasi , (Yogyakarta: Insan Madani,2012). Hlm135-137.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 145, "top": 134, "width": 371, "height": 164, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh: Penilaian Diri Penilaian Kebiasaan Melaksanakan Ibadah Shalat di Rumah Nama Siswa :............ Bulan: ............ Orang Tua/Wali: ............ Tahun: ............ Kelas/Smt : ............ No Hari Tanggal Shalat Ttd Orang Tua/Wali Ket Subuh Zuhur Asar Magrib Isya 1 2 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 298, "width": 31, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dst", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 326, "width": 141, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogyakarta, ....... Maret 2019", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 185, "top": 339, "width": 302, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru PAI Orang Tua/Wali", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 393, "width": 355, "height": 336, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh: Jurnal Kumpulan Catatan Harian Melalui Hasil Pengamatan Guru No . Hari/Tangg al Nama Peserta Didik k Kejadian (Posistif/Negatif ) Tindak Lanjut 1. Kamis,19/12/2018 AniPurwati Mengumpulka n tugasmembuat cerpendengan tepatwaktu Diberikan apresiasi 2. Senin,26/02/2019 Yuli Apsari Membacapuisi denganpenuh penghayatan Diberikan apresiasi 3. Rabu,28/02/2019 IndahIrma Aktifdalam diskusidengan memberikan tanggapandan pertanyaan Diberikan apresiasi 4. Senin,01/03/2013 DianSari Terlambatdua hari mengumpulka n tugascerpen Diberikan pembinaa n 5. Kamis,02/09/2013 BayuPutra MengerjakanPR disekolah Diberikan pembinaa n dst", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 113, "width": 364, "height": 116, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, penilaian kompetensi pengetahuan , guru menilai kompetensi pengetahuan, menggunakan teknik tes tulis (menyeleksi jawaban pilihan ganda, dua pilihan benar atau salah, ya atau tidak, menjodohkan, sebab akibat, menyediakan jawaban seperti isi atau melengkapi), tes lisan (pertanyaan yang menuntut siswa untuk menjawab secara lisan), dan penugasan (tugas yang dilakukan secara individu maupun divisi). 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 235, "width": 364, "height": 196, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagaimana telah dilampirkan di dalam Permendikbud No. 66 tahun 2013 menjelaskan bahwa guru mengevaluasi kompetensi pengetahuan melalui teknik ujian tulis, ujian lisan, dan penugasan: 1) Instrumen yang digunakan untuk teknik ujian tulis berbentuk soal pilihan ganda, isian jawaban singkat, betul atau salah, mempertemukan, dan uraian. Untuk instrumen uraian dipenuhi pedoman penskoran. 2) Instrumen yang digunakan untuk teknik ujian lisan berbentuk daftar pertanyaan. 3) Instrumen yang digunakan untuk teknik penugasan berbentuk pekerjaan rumah dan proyek yang dilaksanakan secara individu atau kelompok searah dengan kriteria tugas. 19 Adapun contoh instrumen yang digunakan untuk teknik ujian tulis sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 438, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pilihan Ganda", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 458, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pilihlah salah satu jawaban yang benar dengan memberi tanda silang (X) pada huruf A, B, C, dan D!", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 499, "width": 250, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. pengertian makanan dan minuman halal adalah ….", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 519, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Makanan dan minuman yang boleh dimakan/diminum menurut ketentuan syariat Ihsan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 560, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Makanan dan minuman yang boleh dimakan/diminum menurut ketentuan syariat Islam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 600, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Makanan dan minuman yang boleh dimakan/diminum menurut ketentuan syariat Iman.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 641, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Makanan dan minuman yang boleh dimakan/diminum menurut ketentuan syariat Ilmu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 718, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Supardi, Penilaian Autentik... , hlm. 24.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 731, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud No. 66 tahun 2013 tentang Standar Penilaian Pendidikan, hlm. 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 114, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Isian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 134, "width": 361, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urutkanlah dengan tepat jenis-jenis makanan haram berdasarkan Q.S.al- Māidah/5 : 3 di bawah ini !", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 175, "width": 50, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Darah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 195, "width": 59, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. bangkai,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 215, "width": 77, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. daging babi,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 235, "width": 364, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. hewan yang mati karena tercekik, dipukul, terjatuh, ditanduk hewan lain, diterkam binatang buas,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 276, "width": 198, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. hewan yang disembelih untuk berhala", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 296, "width": 293, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. daging hewan yang disembelih atas nama selain Allah Swt.,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 316, "width": 364, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urutan jenis-jenis makanan haram berdasarkan Q.S.al-Māidah/5 : 3 yang tepat ialah ….", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 357, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menjodohkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 377, "width": 364, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jodohkanlah kata kunci di kotak sebelah kiri dengan pasangan yang tepat di kotak sebelah kanan !", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 114, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Uraian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 185, "top": 134, "width": 324, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Jelaskan Akibat Buruk dari Makanan dan Minuman yang Haram !", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 185, "top": 154, "width": 328, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Uraikanlah manfaat mengkonsumsi makanan dan minuman yang halal!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 185, "top": 195, "width": 328, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisa perbedaan dari Makanan dan Minuman yang Halal menurut pendapat anda!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 256, "width": 383, "height": 136, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiga, penilaian pada kompetensi keterampilan , guru menilai kompetensi keterampilan menggunakan penilaian kinerja yaitu penilaian yang menuntut siswa mendemonstrasikan suatu kompetensi spesifik dengan menggunakan teknik ujian praktik, proyek, dan penilaian portofolio. Instrumen yang digunakan berbentuk daftar cek ataupun skala penilaian ( rating scale ) yang disempurnakan dengan rubrik. 20 Adapun contoh instrumen yang digunakan untuk teknik penilaian portofolio sebagai berikut: 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 398, "width": 145, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh Penilaian Portofolio", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 430, "width": 111, "height": 76, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah : Matapelajaran : Durasi Waktu : Nama Peserta didik : Kelas/SMT :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 523, "width": 349, "height": 193, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No KI / KD / PI Waktu KRITERIA Ket B erbic ara T ata B aha sa Kos a Ka ta Uc apa n 1 Pengenalan 16/03/19 24/03/19 17/03/19 Dst.... 12/03/19 20 Supardi, Penilaian Autentik... , hlm. 24.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 718, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud No. 81A tahun 2013 tentang Implementasi Kurikulum, hlm. 42.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 114, "width": 151, "height": 133, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Penulisan 22/03/19 15/03/19 3 Ingatan Terhadap Kosakata 15/03/19 12/03/19 Catatan: PI = Pencapaian Indikator", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 249, "width": 286, "height": 29, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan Skala: 1: sangat kurang 4: baik 2: kurang 5: sangat baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 280, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3: cukup", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 316, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Komponen Penilaian Autentik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 336, "width": 352, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam komponen penilaian autentik terdapat dua hal yang di bahas yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 357, "width": 143, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Penyiapan Tugas Autentik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 377, "width": 346, "height": 277, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas autentik yaitu perintah yang secara jelas dimuatkan kepada pembelajar untuk menilai pencapaian kompetensi yang dibelajarkan ketika kegiatan pembelajaran masih berlangsung ataupun ketika sudah berakhir. Tugas autentik kerap disamakan dengan penilaian autentik walau sebenarnya cakupan makna yang kedua lebih luas. Pemilihan tugas autentik awal-awal haruslah melihat pada kompetensi mana yang akan dinilai pencapaiannya. kedua, dan inilah yang khusus penilaian autentik, pemilihan tugas tugas itu harus merefleksikan keadaan ataupun kepentingan yang sebenarnya di dunia nyata. Maka, dalam sebuah penilaian autentik tentu termuat dua hal sekaligus: searah dengan standar (kompetensi) dan relevan (bermakna) dengan kehidupan nyata. Dua hal tersebut mestinya menjadi rujukan kita ketika membuat tugas-tugas autentik untuk menilai pencapaian kompetensi pembelajaran kepada siswa. 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 660, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pengembangan Rubrik Penilaian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 681, "width": 346, "height": 34, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "setelah menetapkan kriteria, guru perlu mengembangkan rubrik sebagai pedoman penskoran. Pedoman penskoran ini perlu memiliki", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 731, "width": 399, "height": 24, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Burhan Nurgiyantoro, Penilaian otentik , (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2011), hlm. 31.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 167, "top": 113, "width": 346, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "deskriptor yang menunjukkan tingkat kinerja dari masing-masing tingkatan unjuk kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 153, "width": 336, "height": 269, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel contoh Rubrik dengan 4 kategori: 23 Kriteria Sangat baik Baik Cukup Perlu bimbingan Mendefini sikan masalah Mendemonst rasikan kemampuan merumuskan permasalaha n secara jelas dan memiliki makna, disertai semua bukti dan faktor- faktor kontekstual yang relevan Mendemonst rasikan kemampuan merumuskan permasalaha n secara rinci dengan bukti dan faktor- faktor kontekstual yang relevan Mendemonst rasikan kemampuan merumuskan permasalaha n disertai sedikit bukti dan faktor yang relevan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 141, "top": 206, "width": 372, "height": 536, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "namun rumusan tidak mendalam Mendemost rasikan kemampuan yang terbatas dalam merumuska n masalah Mengident ifikasi strategi Mengidentifi kasi beberapa pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaika n permasalaha n Mengidentifi kasi beberapa pendekatan, namun hanya sedikit yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaika n permasalaha n Mengidentifi kasi sebuah pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaika n permasalaha n Mengidentif ikasi beberapa pendekatan, namun tidak dapat diterapkan untuk menyelesaik an permasalaha n . 23 Ridwan Abdullah Sani, Penilaian.., hlm. 36.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 364, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh rubrik penilaian dalam tes membaca Al-Qur’an, yakni sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 590, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Problematika Implementasi Penilaian Autentik di Sekolah / Perguruan Tinggi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 630, "width": 379, "height": 115, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Resti Utami Hidayati di IAIN Purwokerto yang berjudul Problematika Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Penilaian Autentik Pada Mata Pelajaran Rumpun Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Banyumas ialah problem yang dihadapi seorang guru dalam implementasi penilaian autentik ialah, bahwa guru belum menerapkan instrumen penilaian autentik dengan baik, dan guru masih kesulitan dalam memilah, dan menilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 139, "width": 249, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala penilaian kemampuan membaca Al-Qu’an", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 159, "width": 172, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Satuan pendidikan: MTS N 1 Bantul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 180, "width": 406, "height": 75, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelas/ semester : VII/ 1 Mata pelajaran : Al-Qur’an Hadist No Nama Aspek yang Dinilai Total Skor A B C D E", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 124, "top": 262, "width": 49, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Hana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 290, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Nara Fatih", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 124, "top": 317, "width": 49, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Silvia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 346, "width": 62, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 366, "width": 418, "height": 35, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A : Kemampuan melafalkan bacaan hukum Nun mati atau tanwin (bacaan idzhar, idgham bighunnah, idgham bilaghunnah, ikhfa dan iqlab).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 407, "width": 418, "height": 34, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B : kemampuan melafalkan bacaan hukum Mim mati (bacaan idzhar syafawi, idgham syafawi, ikhfa syafawi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 447, "width": 341, "height": 35, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C : kemampuan melafalkan suatu teks selaras dengan makharijul huruf D : kemampuan melafalkan teks mad mad (panjang pendeknya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 488, "width": 217, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E : kemampuan melafalkan bacaan qalqalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 528, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan Skala: 1: perlu bimbingan 3: baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 549, "width": 295, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2: cukup 4: sangat baik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 113, "width": 378, "height": 136, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "antara ketiga aspek baik itu aspek sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Problematika muncul disebabkan karena, karakteristik siswa yang tidak mendukung diantaranya kebanyakan siswa yang nilainya tengah di bawah KKM, kemampuan siswa yang berbeda-beda dalam menghafal, siswa yang tidak disiplin dalam mengerjakan ataupun mengumpulkan tugas, dan membolos saat jam pelajaran karena alasan organisasi, serta kemampuan berfikir siswa yang beragam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 255, "width": 379, "height": 156, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan problematika yang muncul itu dari guru sendiri, seperti kurang dikembangkannya kreativitas guru dalam mengimplementasikan RPP ketika situasi kelas tidak kondusif, guru kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi siswa yang tidak aktif, guru tidak menggunakan instrumen penilaian sikap dan hanya menggunakan ingatannya, guru kesulitan menyemangati siswa untuk belajar, serta guru menilai sikap peserta didik hanya berdasarkan nilai pengetahuannya. Pelaksanaan RPP dan penilaian autentik juga terhambat karena alokasi waktu yang terbatas. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 417, "width": 378, "height": 115, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbeda dengan penelitian di atas dalam penelitian yang pernah dilaksanakan di SDN Ploso 1 Pacitan adalah penyusunan soal yang terlalu banyak, format penilaian autentik yang terlalu banyak, format penilaian yang terlalu rumit membuat seorang guru kerepotan dalam melakukan penilaian kepada setiap peserta didik. Serta kendala waktu untuk menyusun dan melaksanakan penilaian autentik dirasa kurang cukup oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 539, "width": 378, "height": 54, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini adalah paparan tentang implementasi penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran PAI SDN Ploso 1 Pacitan beserta kendala dalam menerapkan penilaian autentik:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 599, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Penilaian sikap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 620, "width": 346, "height": 74, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentuk penilaian yang diimplementasikan dalam ranah sikap mencakup observasi guru, penilaian antar diri, penilaian antar sejawat, maupun jurnal. Idealnya semua bentuk penilaian itu dapat dilaksanakan secara keseluruhan dalam pembelajaran PAI, akan tetapi pada realitasnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 718, "width": 399, "height": 24, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Resti Utami Hidayati, Problematika Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Penilaan Autentik Pada Mata Pelajaran Rumpun Pendidikan Agama Islam Di MAN 1 Banyumas , Skripsi IAIN Purwokerto, 2018, hlm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 34, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "131-132", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 167, "top": 113, "width": 346, "height": 217, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "guru masih belum mampu melaksanakan secara maksimal sesuai dengan bentuk dan tahap penilaian yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam observasi yang telah dilakukan peneliti pada hasil observasi yang dilaksanakan pada saat pembelajaran terlihat guru belum maksimal melaksanakan semua bentuk penilaian ranah sikap, kenyataannya adalah instrumen observasinya tidak tersedia sehingga aspek-aspek yang dinilai oleh guru ialah kurang terarah dengan baik. Dan juga karena keterbatasan kemampuan guru untuk menyediakan semua instrumen penilaian yang sesuai dengan bentuk penilaian pada aspek sikap. Karena idealnya guru harus membuat sendiri instrumen penilaiannya berdasarkan kompetensi yang ingin di capai dalam mata pelajaran yang diampunya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 336, "width": 128, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Penilaian pengetahuan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 356, "width": 346, "height": 75, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada ranah ini kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan sebuah penilaian pada aspek pengetahuan sudah di lakukan dengan baik yaitu melalu PTS, PAS, tugas harian yang di sampaikan melalui rapor yang akan di terima siswa pada setiap satu semester.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 437, "width": 364, "height": 116, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bentuk penilaian keterampilan sendiri menggunakan tes proyek dan portofolio serta menciptakan sebuah produk. Kendalanya ialah banyaknya format penilaian sehingga membuat guru terbebani dalam melakukan penilaian yang mana guru harus menilai secara detail dalam proses pembelajaran yang dikaitkan dengan aktivitas sesungguhnya mereka di luar madrasah. 25", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 167, "top": 559, "width": 346, "height": 34, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diagram: Keseimbangan antara sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan untuk mengembangkan soft s kills , maupun hard skills . 26", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 705, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Efi Tria Astuti, Problematika Implementasi Penilaian Autentik Kurikulum 2013 Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SD Negeri Ploso 1 Pacitan , Jurnal Al- Idaroh, Vol.1, No 2, September 2017, hlm. 37-38", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 744, "width": 286, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Kemdikbud, Pedoman Penilaian Hasil Belajar, (Jakarta:Kemdikbud, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 221, "top": 113, "width": 16, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 154, "width": 40, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMA/K", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 221, "top": 194, "width": 25, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 235, "width": 15, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SD", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 149, "top": 296, "width": 363, "height": 236, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasar diagram diatas dapat dijelaskan bahwa semakin tinggi jenjang pendidikan yang ditempuh peserta didik, maka penguasaan pengetahuan, dan keterampilan akan semakin mendalam, akan tetapi kecakapan kompetensi sikap semakin sedikit. Hal ini diasumsikan bahwa kompetensi sikap telah tertanam sedemikian rupa pada jenjang sebelumnya. Dengan demikian pada jenjang rendah seperti Sekolah Dasar/ Madrasah dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama penanaman kompetensi sikap haruslah benar- benar diperhatikan dan menjadi sudut penekanan semasa prosedur pembelajaran berlangsung. Sehingga ketika peserta didik melanjutkan ke tahapan yang kian tinggi, peserta didik sudah memiliki dasar sikap yang kuat sehingga ditahapan yang kian tinggi akan lebih difokuskan pada pendalaman kompetensi pengetahuan dan keterampilannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 539, "width": 363, "height": 216, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya problematika di Perguruan Tinggi, penelitian penilaian autentik dan relevansinya dengan bobot hasil pembelajaran (tanggapan dosen dan mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro), menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa kendala yang sering dihadapi dosen dalam penerapan penilaian autentik, seperti banyaknya waktu yang diperlukan untuk menerapkan penilaian autentik; sulitnya penerapan penilaian ini secara konsisten, dan rendahnya pengetahuan dosen terhadap berbagai instrumen untuk menerapkan penilaian autentik. Ada beberapa solusi bagi dosen untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut antara lain, (a) membaca banyak literatur yang membahas tentang teknik dan prosedur penilaian autentik, (b) melibatkan mahasiswa untuk melakukan penilaian seperti penilaian diri ( self", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 140, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Knowledge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 182, "width": 109, "height": 35, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skills Attitude", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 795, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 488, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 113, "width": 361, "height": 116, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "assessment ), dan penilaian sejawat ( peer assessment ), (c) melakukan perencanaan yang matang dengan cara menentukan tujuan pembelajaran, bagian-bagian yang akan dinilai, serta instrumen yang akan digunakan untuk penilaian, dan (d) menerapkan penilaian autentik pada setiap mata kuliah yang diampu dan lakukan evaluasi di akhir perkuliahan untuk menemukan masalah serta solusi perbaikan. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 275, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 296, "width": 400, "height": 155, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Permendikbud No.104 Tahun 2014, pemakalah mencoba membandingkan baik dari persamaan dan perbedaannya. Dari persamaannya, pada pelaksanaan penilaian hasil belajar siswa oleh pendidik dinilai dalam model penilaian autentik dan non-autentikan tetapi penilaian autentik merupakan pendekatan pokok dalam penilaian prestasi belajar bagi guru. Selanjutnya dari segi perbedaannya dalam bentuk penilaiannya, penilaian autentik mencakup penilaian berdasarkan pengamatan, tugas ke lapangan, portofolio, proyek, produk, jurnal, kegiatan laboratorium, dan unjuk kegiatan, serta penilaian pribadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 458, "width": 400, "height": 115, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik penilaian autentik memperhatikan 3 hal yaitu kemampuan sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Komponen penilaian autentik sendiri yang perlu diperhatikan ialah penyiapan tugas autentik dan rubrik penilaian autentik. Sedangkan Probematika implementasi penilaian autentik di sekolah ataupun di perguruan tinggi masing-masing sekolah dan perguruan Tinggi mempunyai kendala yang berbeda-beda dalam perihal ini penulis menjabarkan dalam isi makalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 705, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Siti Ermawati, dan Taufiq Hidayat, Penilaian Autentik Dan Relevansinya Dengan Kualitas Hasil Pembelajaran (Persepsi Dosen Dan Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro) , Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial, Vol. 27, No.1, Juni 2017, hlm. 101-102.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anis Marfuah, Febriza", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 375, "top": 795, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fondatia : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 794, "width": 14, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 110, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 134, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ani, Yubali, “ Penilaian Autentik Kurikulum 2013 ”, Seminar Nasional Implementasi 2013, diunduh pada tanggal 26Februari 2019 pukul 10:11 WIB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 165, "width": 401, "height": 45, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti, Efi Tria, Problematika Implementasi Penilaian Autentik Kurikulum 2013 Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SD Negeri Ploso 1 Pacitan , Jurnal Al- Idaroh, Vol.1, No 2, September 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 211, "width": 401, "height": 30, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gunawan, Heri, Kurikulum Dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam , Bandung: Alfabeta, 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 242, "width": 400, "height": 45, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidayati,Resti Utami, Problematika Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Penilaan Autentik Pada Mata Pelajaran Rumpun Pendidikan Agama Islam Di MAN 1 Banyumas , Skripsi IAIN Purwokerto, 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 289, "width": 401, "height": 92, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemdikbud, Pedoman Penilaian Hasil Belajar, Jakarta:Kemdikbud, 2013. Kunandar, Penilaian Autentik (Penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik berdasarkan kurikulum2013), Jakarta: Rajawali Pers,2013. Majid Abdu, dan Dian Andayani, Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Kompetensi: Konsep dan Implementasi Kurikulum 2004 , Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakary, 2004. Mulyasa, E., Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter , Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 382, "width": 400, "height": 30, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurgiyantoro, Burhan, Penilaian otentik , Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 413, "width": 400, "height": 45, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud No.104 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah bagian Pedoman Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 460, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RI No. 23 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Penilaian Pendidikan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 491, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RI No. 66 tahun 2013 tentang Standar Penilaian Pendidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 522, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salinan Lampiran Permendikbud RI No. 81A tahun 2013 tentang Implementasi Kurikulum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 553, "width": 325, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sani, Ridwan Abdullah, Penilaian Autentik , Jakarta: Bumi aksara, 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 568, "width": 400, "height": 45, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siti Ermawati, dan Taufiq Hidayat, Penilaian Autentik Dan Relevansinya Dengan Kualitas Hasil Pembelajaran (Persepsi Dosen Dan Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro) , Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial, Vol. 27, No.1, Juni 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 615, "width": 333, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sukiman, Pengembangan Sistem Evaluasi , Yogyakarta: Insan Madani, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 631, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supardi, Penilaian Autentik Pembelajaran Afektif, Kognitif, dan Psikomotorik (Konsep dan Aplikasi) , Jakarta:Rajawali Pers, 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 662, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suyadi, Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Karakter , Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2013.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 757, "width": 422, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite: Ghaisani,P., R. (2022) Evaluasi Kinerja Anggota Kepolisian Polda Bengkulu Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah, Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7 (2x). E-ISSN: 2548-1398 Published by: Ridwan Institute", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 88, "width": 299, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p–ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398 Vol. 7, Special Issue No. 2, Februari 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EVALUASI KINERJA ANGGOTA KEPOLISIAN POLDA BENGKULU DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 186, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rosi Paramastri Ghaisani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 200, "width": 245, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Surabaya, Indonesia Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 255, "width": 407, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah pada suatu organisasi khususnya Kepolisian sangat penting, karena di dalam organisasi tersebut dibutuhkan seseorang dengan kemampuan yang cekatan, cepat dan tanggap dalam menyelesaikan suatu tugas. Polisi yang dianggap baik adalah polisi yang memiliki sifat Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah yang tinggi karena dianggap dapat bekerja dengan optimal. Penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara kemampuan memecahkan masalah dengan evaluasi kinerja Polda Bengkulu khususnya di Dit Sabhara. Penelitian ini menggunakan subjek dari anggota kepolisian Polda Bengkulu dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan desain penelitian survei, penelitian ini mengambil sampel dari anggota Sabhara yang sedang bertugas di fungsi Dalmas dan Gasum yang berjumlah 68 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Caidance dan Evaluasi Kinerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi, dan uji deskriptif. Alat ukur KMM memiliki skor reliabilitas r= 0.843 dan Evaluasi Kinerja memiliki skor reliabilitas r= 0.958 dan memiliki skor korelasi dengan uji linieritas regresi berganda r= 0.808.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 476, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci ; Evaluasi Kinerja; Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 518, "width": 407, "height": 190, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The ability to solve problems in an organization, especially the police, is very important, because the organization requires someone with agile, fast and responsive abilities in completing a task. Police who are considered good are police officers who have high problem-solving abilities because they are considered to be able to work optimally. This study examines the relationship between problem-solving ability and performance evaluation of the Bengkulu Police, especially in the Dit Sabhara. This study used subjects from Bengkulu Police using quantitative methods and survey research designs, this study took samples from Sabhara members who were on duty at the Dalmas and Gasum functions totaling 68 people. The measuring instrument used in this research is Caidance and Performance Evaluation. This research uses reliability test, assumption test, and descriptive test. The KMM measuring instrument has a reliability score of r = 0.843 and Performance Evaluation has a reliability score of r = 0.958 and has a correlation score with multiple regression linearity test r = 0.808.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 724, "width": 275, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Problem Solving Ability", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 39, "width": 391, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi Kinerja Anggota Kepolisian Polda Bengkulu Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate, Vol. 7, Special Issue No. 2, Februari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2219", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 104, "width": 428, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Polri atau Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia adalah suatu aparat penegak hukum di Indonesia yang memiliki tugas untuk menjaga keamanan, memberikan perlindungan, mengayomi, memberi pelayanan pada masyrakat serta menjaga ketertiban masyarakat (dalam PMB, 2017) (Rustiarini, 2013)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 429, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebuah organisasi, terlebih Kepolisian sangatlah menitik beratkan pada sumber daya untuk menjalankan setiap fungsi yang dimiliki. Sumber daya yang baik akan menghasilkan pengaruh yang baik pula bagi organisasinya (Jacha, 2015). Oleh karena itu sebuah organisasi hendaknya bisa mengetahui bagaimana perilaku kerja seorang anggota polisi untuk membantu menjalankan fungsi dengan optimal. Berdasarkan survei awal berupa wawancara pada pihak dari salah satu dewan kebijakan mutasi Polda Bengkulu yaitu Bapak AKBP Edi Suroso, SH. Ketika peneliti menanyakan tentang Evaluasi Perilaku Kinerja yang dilakukan oleh Kepolisian, subjek mengatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 428, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Penilaian evaluasi dilakukan 6 bulan sekali pada bulan Juni dan Desember, penilaian dilakukan oleh PP (Pejabat Penilai) yaitu atasan langsung dari anggota yang bertugas di fungsi tersebut” (wawancara pada tanggal 26 Maret 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disamping itu anggota polri harus memiliki kemampuan dalam dasar, Tribratanews Bengkulu, 2015 mengungkapkan bahwa seorang polisi harus memiliki beberapa kemampuan dasar, kemampuan dasar tersebut meliputi (Intan, 2015) :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 390, "width": 428, "height": 58, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Komunikasi, seorang Polri diharapkan memiliki sifat komunikatif yang berarti mampu menjalani komunikasi dua arah (menjadi pembicara dan pendengar), karena seorang anggota polri diharapkan mampu menyampaikan pengarahan kepada masyarakat tentang hal-hal yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 428, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Beradaptasi, seorang anggota Polri diharapkan memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi yang baik sehingga sebagai seorang anggota polri hendaknya bisa beradaptasi bukan hanya dengan lingkunganya tetapi juga dengan situasi dan kondisi yang dihadapinya. Kemampuan beradaptasi yang baik harus dimiliki seorang anggota polisi dikarenakan mereka harus berhadapan dengan masyarakat yang memiliki sifat dinamis, aktif dan selalu berubah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 428, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Mendeteksi Situasi, perubahan yang terjadi pada setiap harinya bahkan setiap menit akan mendorong seorang anggota polisi untuk memiliki kemampuan mendeteksi situasi yang baik. Suatu persoalan yang akan dihadapi tidak hanya persoalan yang bisa semua orang mampu hadapi, tetapi persoalan yang terjadi secara kasat mata maupun secara terselubung. Kemampuan ini harus dilatih dan harus dimiliki oleh seorang anggota polri untuk memprediksi dan memperkirakan situasi keamanan, dan yang terpenting anggota polri yang bertugas harus siap menghadapi situasi tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Memetakan Akar dari Masalah, situasi yang dihadapi didalam lingkup masyarakat sangatlah beragam bahkan seringkali yang terjadi tidak dapat dinalar oleh pemikiran rasional. Oleh karena itu anggota kepolisian sebagai penengah dalam permasalahan yang terjadi harus menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan tersebut mulai dari akar dan mengetahui kronologis yang terjadi sebenarnya. Dengan mengetahui akar dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rosi Paramastri Ghaisani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2220", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 229, "top": 795, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate, Vol. 7, Special Issue No. 1, Januari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "permasalahan tersebut akan memudahkan bagi anggota yang bertugas memberikan solusi yang tepat dan berguna bagi seluruh elemen itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Menganalisa situasi, bagi seorang anggota polri yang bertugas ditengah-tengah masyarakat harus memiliki kemampuan ini untuk mengetahui keadaan yang sedang dihadapinya secara menyeluruh (Siaputra, 2018). Kemampuan yang dimiliki akan membantu mereka untuk megetahui penyebab dari terjadinya permasalahan, letak duduk perkara, memperkirakan akibat dari perkara itu sendiri dan yang terpenting adalah mengetahui solusi yang tepat sasarann dan bermanfaat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 430, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Penggunaan IT, teknologi pada zaman sekarang selalu lebih penting untuk mendukung dan memberikan kemudahaan bagi pelaksanaan tugas, terlebih untuk pelaksanaan tugas anggota polri yang berada ditengah masyarakat. Kemampuan penggunaan IT yang dimiliki anggota polri akan memudahkan bagi kepolisian untuk membantu masyarakat dalam memberikan pelajaran, mengarahkan kepada masyarakat, dan membantu memudahkan masyarakat untuk berkomunikasi dengan pihak kepolisian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Laporan Cepat, Tepat dan Akurat, laporan kegiatan yang dilakukan anggota kepolisian yang langsung terjun kelapangan maupun yang hanya didalam lingkup kantor. Kewajiban melaporkan kegiatan yang dilakukan kepada atasannya yang cepat, tepat, dan akurat akan memberikan kesempatan bagi pimpinan untuk memikirkan serta mempetimbangkan segala aspek dan mungkin risiko yang terjadi dan kemudian memutuskan suatu langkah dan solusi yang paling tepat, efektif dan efisien terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh anggota ataupun yang ada di masyarakat (Syahruddin, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 428, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari adanya pernyataan tentang kemampuan dasar tersebut, peneliti bertanya kepada dewan kebijakan mutasi Polda Bengkulu, Bapak AKBP Edi Suroso, S.H perihal mengenai kemampuan yang harus dimiliki seorang anggota polri, Bapak AKBP Edi Suroso mengatakan bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Seorang anggota polisi pastinya tidak sekedar bisa lari dan berenang saja, seorang anggota polri juga harus memiliki kemampuan. Kemampuan yang paling mencolok dimasyarakat biasanya sifat melayaninya harus tinggi, tapi sebenarnya tidak hanya itu. Kemampuan terbesar yang harus dimiliki Anggota polri adalah kemampuan memecahkan masalah yang tinggi, kenapa? Karena menjadi anggota polri harus bisa menangani setiap masalah yang dihadapi, masalah tersebut akan berbeda setiap waktunya. Masalah-masalah tersebut akan datang setiap hari dari masyarakat. Jadi anggota yang memiliki problem solving yang tinggi akan dipandang lebih oleh atasan” (wawancara pada tanggal 26 Maret 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 644, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian peneliti tertarik membahas mengenai “Orientasi Evaluasi Kinerja ditinjau dari Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Pada Anggota Kepolisian Polda Bengkulu”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 707, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survery dengan menggunakan angket online. Dalam mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini menggunakan informed", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 39, "width": 391, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi Kinerja Anggota Kepolisian Polda Bengkulu Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate, Vol. 7, Special Issue No. 2, Februari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2221", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "consent yang berisi data diri subjek dan sebagai bukti kesediaan subjek untuk menjadi sampel dari penelitian ini dan dua alat ukur yaitu caidance dan Evaluasi Kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 428, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat ukur caidance untuk mengukur Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah yang terdiri dari 8 aspek yaitu Motivasi Berprestasi (MB), Kemampuan Menghadapi Tekanan (KMT), Extraversion, Berpandangan Terbuka (BT), dan Kompatibilitas (Siaputra, 2018). KMM terdiri dari 45 butir dalam 3 aspek yaitu Matrix, deret angka, dan koskata. Jika individu memiliki skor tinggi pada sifat ini, maka individu tersebut cenderung lebih mudah menganalisis masalah kompleks dan menarik simpulan secara tepat, selain itu individu tersebut lebih mudah memperoleh pengetahuan yang baru, lebih mudah untuk memecahkan berbagai permasalahan yang sulit dengan demikian individu tersebut memiliki potensi untuk menguasai pekerjaan apapun yang dipilih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 428, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi Kinerja menggunakan alat ukur Evaluasi Kinerja yang terdiri dari 8 butir dalam 2 aspek yaitu butir kemampuan kognitif dan butir kepribadian. Butir tersebut disajikan dalam skala likert 1 sampai 9. Penilai akan memilih mana yang paling mendekati sifat dari individu tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 117, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 374, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji reliabilitas digunakan untuk melihat sejauh mana hasil suatu proses pengukuran dapat dipercaya (Azwar, 2012) . Suatu alat ukur dikatakan rliabel apabila nilai alpha Cronbach >0.70. hasil dari analisis menunjukkan nilai KMM 0.843 > 0.70 dan Evaluasi Kinerja 0.958 > 0.70. Sehingga kedua alat ukur tersebut dikategorikan reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 428, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas dilakukan untuk melihat kenormalan sebaran data dengan melihat skor dari Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Suatu data dikatakan normal jiga nilai p > 0.05 sedangkan tidak normal apabila p < 0.05. Hasil uji normalitas menunjukkan bahwa nilai KMM dikatakan normal karena nilai p = 0.200 > 0.05, sedangkan Evaluasi Kinerja dikatakan normal karena nilai p = 0.200 > 0.05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 428, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah uji hubungan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi dengan metode Uji Linieritas Regresi Berganda. Hipotesis diterima apabila memenuhi nilai sig p > 0.05 dan r > 0.03. hasil uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai r pada uji linieritas regresi berganda pada KMM dan EK adalah r = 0.808 > 0.03 yaitu diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 644, "width": 428, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur caidance. adalah suatu potensi yang dimiliki seseorang dengan kapasitas yang berbeda dengan setiap individu, individu yang memiliki sifat ini lebih tinggi dari yang lain cenderung lebih mudah memahami segala sesuau sekalipun itu adalah tugas yang rumit. Sedangkan Evaluasi Kinerja diukur menggunakan alat ukur Evaluasi Kinerja adalah suatu proses yang sistematis untuk menentukan suatu nilai yang berdasarkan pertimbangan dan kriteria tertentu untuk mengambil suatu keputusan. Penilaian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rosi Paramastri Ghaisani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2222", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 229, "top": 795, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate, Vol. 7, Special Issue No. 1, Januari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dilakukan oleh atasan langsung anggota / pegawai. Anggota Ditsabhara Kepolisian Polda X yang telah diambil sampel sebanyak 68 orang memiliki hasil uji reliabilitas dengan nilai alpha Cronbach 0.843 dapat dikategorikan reliabel sedangkan evaluasi kinerja memiliki nilai alpha Cronbach 0.958 dapat dikategorikan reliabel. Pada penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil yang serupa dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menyatakan bahwa ada hubungan antara KMM dengan Evaluasi Kinerja dengan pengujian butir KMM dan EK menggunakan Linieritas Regresi Berganda dengan nilai KMM dan EK adalah r = 0.808.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 427, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengisian angket online untuk Evaluasi Kinerja dengan 6 orang PP disimpulkan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Antar PP bisa memiliki standar penilaian “Baik dan Buruk”, serta informasi acuan yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Antar PP bisa memberikan penilaian yang berbeda, walaupun hanya dengan perbedaan waktu beberapa menit saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 673, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIBLIOGRAFI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azwar, Saifuddin. (2012). Reliabilitas dan validitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar . Google Scholar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 39, "width": 391, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi Kinerja Anggota Kepolisian Polda Bengkulu Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate, Vol. 7, Special Issue No. 2, Februari 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2223", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Intan, R. (2015). Pengaruh kemampuan kognitif dan penghargaan terhadap kinerja guru lembaga bimbingan dan konsultasi belajar Nurul Fikri di Jakarta. Jurnal AKP Vol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 (2) Agustus 2015. Google Scholar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jachja,D.R. (2015). Analisis pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja karyawan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rustiarini, N.W. (2013). Pengaruh kompleksitas tugas, tekanan waktu, dan sifat kepribadian pada kinerja. Fakultas Ekonomi. Universitas Mahasaraswati. Denpasar, Bali. Makara Seri Sosial Humaniora, 17(2), 126-138. DOI: 10.7454/mssh.v17i2.2961. 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Makasar Google Scholar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 408, "width": 160, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright holder: Rosi Paramastri Ghaisani (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 455, "width": 196, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 503, "width": 154, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This article is licensed under:", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 235, "top": 39, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 Nomor 2 Maret 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 171, "top": 52, "width": 270, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL DUNIA PENDIDIKAN https://jurnal.stokbinaguna.ac.id/index.php/JURDIP E-ISSN: 2746-8674", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 730, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1125", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 117, "width": 470, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 158, "width": 455, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Agus Fedarwin Gulo 1 , Yuli Arnida Pohan 2 1,2 Univeritas Potensi Utama, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia JL. KL. Yos Sudarso Km. 6,5 No. 3-A, Tanjung Mulia, Tj. Mulia, Kec. Medan Deli, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20241 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 242, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 470, "height": 208, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Skripsi yang berjudul “Pengaruh disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry” merupakan hasil penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang pengaruh disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus slovin dengan jumlah 75 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial bahwa variabel disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung 4.264 > t tabel 1.666 dan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05, kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung 3.667 > t tabel 1.666 dan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05 dan motivasi kerja tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung - 0.483 < t tabel 1.666 dan nilai signifikan 0,631 > 0,05 pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry. Dan secara simultan menunjukan bahwa variabel disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai f hitung 41.786 > f tabel 2.73 dan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 478, "width": 356, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci: Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi, Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 507, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 521, "width": 471, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Di era globalisasi saat ini, pengelolaan sumber daya manusia bukanlah hal yang mudah. Perusahaan harus mampu mengelola sumber daya manusia untuk mencapai keunggulan dalam persaingan yang semakin ketat. Manusia sebagai faktor penggerak, pengendali, dan pelaksana seluruh kegiatan dalam perusahaan. Untuk mencapai kesuksesan, perusahaan harus mampu meningkatkan kinerja sumber daya manusianya baik secara individu maupun kelompok. Karena pada dasarnya kinerja sumber daya manusia baik individu maupun kelompok mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara keseluruhan (Permadi 2021). Pada perkembangan globalisasi ini banyak perusahaan yang dituntut untuk dapat memaksimalkan kinerja karyawan. Hal ini berarti bahwa perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1126", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "harus mampu menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Dalam mengatasi hal tersebut sumber daya manusia (SDM) adalah hal utama yang harus diperhatikan perkembangannya karena dengan adanya SDM yang baik dan professional akan sangat membantu dalam memaksimalkan kinerja dalam suatu perusahaan (Fitriana 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 177, "width": 471, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan begitu upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan merupakan tantangan yang serius bagi perusahaan, karena keberhasilan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan tergantung pada kualitas kinerja sumber daya manusia yang ada didalamnya (Kelvin 2020). Dengan demikian penulis akan melakukan penelitian di salah satu perusahaan yaitu PT.Yumeida Utama Industry didirikan pada tahun 2015. Bergerak dibidang plastik yang dikelolan menjadi sepatu boat dan sandal, PT. PT.Yumeida Utama Industry mampu mempertahankan eksitensinya. Akan tetapi penelitian ini akan berfokus pada kinerja karyawan (Deviani 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan salah satunya adalah disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi maka peneliti bermaksud melakukan penelitian dengan judul: Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry (Ariani 2020) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 443, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 457, "width": 471, "height": 183, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif metode survey yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dari tempat tertentu yang alamiah, peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah jawaban dari pertanyaan responden dalam pengisian kuesioner. Waktu penelitian ini dimulai dari bulan Maret sampai dengan selesai dan lokasi penelitian ini adalah Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry yang beralamat Jalan Langsa No.1, Jl. Medan-Binjai No.KM 12, Prwodadi, Kec. Sunggal, Kab. Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20351.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan yang bekerja pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry semua bagian berjumlah 300 karyawan. dan teknik sampel yang digunakan rumus Slovin Sampel yang akan diambil dalam penelitian ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "adalah karyawan yang bekerja di PT. Yumeida Utama Industry. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mengambil sebanyak 75 Karyawan sabagai sampel penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 114, "width": 311, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, ada dua variabel yang digunakan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 135, "width": 117, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Variabel dependen", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 156, "width": 393, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini hanya terdiri dari satu variabel yaitu Kinerja Karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 177, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Variabel independen", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 198, "width": 449, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel independen yaitu: Disiplin Kerja (X1)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 219, "width": 181, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kompensasi (2) dan Motivasi (X3) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 368, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Konseptual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 386, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hipotesis penelitian merupakan suatu kesimpulan atau jawaban sementara dari suatu persoalan yang masih perlu adanya pembuktian kebenaran. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 449, "width": 468, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H o : Tidak terdapat pengaruh antara variabel disiplin kerja, kompensai dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 491, "width": 468, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H a : Terdapat pengaruh antara variabel disiplin kerja, kompensai dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 533, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Metode ini digunakan untuk membuktikan ada atau tidak adanya pengaruh antara variabel independent dengan variabel dependent. Adapun model persamaan regresi linier berganda adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 639, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y = a + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X 2 + β 3 X 3 + e", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 660, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 681, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 681, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": ": Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 93, "top": 702, "width": 233, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a : Konstanta dan Keputusan Regresi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 234, "top": 251, "width": 221, "height": 71, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Motivasi Disiplin Kerja Kompensasi Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1128", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 72, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "β 1 β 2 β 3 : Koefisien regresi variabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 93, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X1 : Variabel Disiplin Kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 114, "width": 163, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X2 : Variabel Kompensai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 135, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X3 : Variabel Motivasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 156, "width": 180, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e : Tingkat kesalahan ( error )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 198, "width": 471, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal ini jika koefesien nilai β bernilai positif (+) maka terjadi pengaruh searah antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat. Begitu sebaliknya apabila koefesien nilai β bernilai negative (-) maka terjadi pengaruh tidak searah antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 262, "width": 179, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Uji validitas dan uji reliabelitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 283, "width": 449, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pengujian validitas menggunakan ketentuan jika signifikansi dari r hitung atau r hasil > r tabel maka item variabel disimpulkan valid, dan apabila r hitung atau r hasil < r tabel maka item variabel disimpulkan tidak valid.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 346, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Untuk mengukur reliabilitas dengan melihat cronbach alpha . Suatu konstruk atau variabel dapat dikatakan reliabel jika memberikan nilai cronbach alpha > 0,60.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 388, "width": 107, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Uji asumsi klasik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 410, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian asumsi klasik digunakan agar regresi dapat menghasilkan nilai yang baik maka harus memenuhi syarat yaitu memenuhi uji asumsi normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, dan uji heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 473, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Uji statistik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 494, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji T", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 515, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Parsial (Uji t) bertujuan untuk menguji signifikan pengaruh secara parsial antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 557, "width": 41, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji F", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 579, "width": 468, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Simultan (Uji f) bertujuan untuk menguji signifikan pengaruh secara bersama- sama antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 621, "width": 155, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Koefesien determinasi (R 2 )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji koefesien determinasi (R 2 ) mengukur seberapa jauh kesesuaian atau ketepatan hubungan antara variabel independ en dengan variabel dependen dalam persamaan suatu regresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 86, "width": 33, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 100, "width": 105, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Uji Validitas", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 241, "top": 691, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 140, "top": 127, "width": 333, "height": 563, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel Item r hitung r tabel Keterangan Disiplin Kerja P1 0.782 0,361 Valid P2 0.771 0,361 Valid P3 0.569 0,361 Valid P4 0.806 0,361 Valid P5 0.897 0,361 Valid P6 0.742 0,361 Valid P7 0.800 0,361 Valid P8 0.535 0,361 Valid Variabel Item r hitung r tabel Keterangan Kompensasi P1 0.929 0,361 Valid P2 0.926 0,361 Valid P3 0.922 0,361 Valid P4 0.816 0,361 Valid P5 0.930 0,361 Valid P6 0.929 0,361 Valid P7 0.540 0,361 Valid P8 0.675 0,361 Valid Variabel Item r hitung r tabel Keterangan Motivasi P1 0.584 0,361 Valid P2 0.588 0,361 Valid P3 0.786 0,361 Valid P4 0.588 0,361 Valid P5 0.683 0,361 Valid P6 0.796 0,361 Valid P7 0.735 0,361 Valid P8 0.684 0,361 Valid P9 0.909 0,361 Valid P10 0.630 0,361 Valid Variabel Item r hitung r tabel Keterangan Kinerja Karyawan P1 0.976 0,361 Valid P2 0.960 0,361 Valid P3 0.691 0,361 Valid P4 0.892 0,361 Valid P5 0.912 0,361 Valid P6 0.851 0,361 Valid P7 0.840 0,361 Valid P8 0.797 0,361 Valid P9 0.876 0,361 Valid P10 0.829 0,361 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1130", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertanyaan dari semua variable dinyatakan valid dapat dilihat bahwa r hitung > dari pada r tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 165, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 514, "top": 165, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 280, "top": 242, "width": 55, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 263, "width": 170, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 289, "width": 471, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari data diatas dapat di simpulkan bahwa semua variabel nilai Cronbach Alpha > 0,60 maka data dikatakan reliabel .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 342, "width": 109, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 363, "width": 95, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 471, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Normalitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui dari residual berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Adapun cara untuk mengetahuinya yaitu dengan melihat uji Kolmogorov-smirnov.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 427, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Analisis Statistik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji normalitas residual adalah uji statistic Non-parametrik Kolmogorov-smirnov adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 502, "width": 183, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 529, "width": 214, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 371, "top": 543, "width": 67, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Unstandardi zed Residual", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 131, "width": 360, "height": 581, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N 75 Normal Parameters a,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation 2.88378516 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .057 Positive .057 Negative -.056 Test Statistic .057 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .200 c,d a. Test distribution is Normal. Variabel Nilai Reliabilitas ≥ Nilai Cronbach Alpha Kesimpulan Disiplin Kerja 0,779 > 0,60 Reliabel Kompensasi 0,837 > 0,60 Reliabel Motivasi 0,761 > 0,60 Reliabel Kinerja Karyawan 0,904 > 0,60 Reliabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1131", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 175, "top": 72, "width": 182, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Calculated from data. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 101, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 121, "width": 170, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar di atas menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,200, artinya nilai tersebut lebih besar dari 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai residual terdistribusi normal atau memenuhi syarat uji normalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 224, "width": 125, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Multikolenearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Multikolinieritas dilakukan untuk menguji apakah model regresi ditemukan aanya korelasi antar variabel independen, salah satu cara mengetahui adanya multikolonearitas adalah denga melihat Tolerance dan Varian Inflasion Factor (VIF).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 320, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4. Uji Multikolonieritas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 336, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 200, "top": 347, "width": 215, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) Disiplin Kerja .396 2.526 Kompensasi .384 2.606 Motivasi .380 2.632", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 258, "top": 463, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 484, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar di atas dapat di simpulkan bahwa nilai VIF dari masing-masing variabel diantara 1-10 maka hal ini membuktikan bahwa model regresi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tidak terkena gejala multikolinieritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 559, "width": 132, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Heterokedastisitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Heterokedastisitas bertujuan untuk menguji apakah dalam sebuah regresi terdapat kesamaan varians dari residual satu pengamatan ke pengamatan yang lain sama disebut homoskedastisitas dan jika berbeda disebut heterokedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 643, "width": 96, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 5. Uji Glejser", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 658, "width": 392, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardize d Coefficients t Sig.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1132", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 72, "width": 413, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 5.881 1.780 3.303 .002 Disiplin Kerja .181 .083 .375 2.162 .134 Kompensasi .058 .071 .143 .814 .418 Motivasi .201 .073 .483 2.731 .208", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 157, "width": 323, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: ABS_RES Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Apabila nilai Sig > 0,05 maka tidak terjadi gejala heterokedastisitas. Tabel diatas menunjukan bahwa hasil nilai Sig variabel disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi > 0,05 sehingga tidak ada gejala heterokedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 286, "width": 86, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 307, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji Parsial (Uji t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Parsial (Uji t) menunjukan seberapa jauh pengaruh satu variabel independen secara parsial dalam menerangkan variabel dependen. Pengambilan keputusan terhadap uji t dapat dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 391, "width": 264, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Jika sig > 0,05, maka Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 413, "width": 250, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika sig < 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 434, "width": 266, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Jika t hitung > t tabel maka H o ditolak dan H a diterima Jika t hitung < t tabel maka H o diterima dan H a ditolak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 476, "width": 297, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun hasil dari uji parsial (uji t) adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 510, "width": 295, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji Parsial Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 538, "width": 407, "height": 141, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Standardize d Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 10.448 3.094 3.377 .001 Disiplin Kerja .618 .145 .484 4.264 .000 Kompensasi .457 .124 .424 3.677 .000 Motivasi -.062 .128 -.056 -.483 .631 a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 680, "width": 170, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1133", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil dari output uji parsial (uji t) pada tabel diatas dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 114, "width": 213, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji t pada Variabel Disiplin Kerja (X1)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 135, "width": 345, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a) Dari penelitian diatas nahwa sig 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ho diterima", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 156, "width": 435, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b) Untuk t hitung = 4,264 dan t tabel = 1,666, jadi 4,264 > 1,666 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Secara parsial disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruhnya sebesar 0,618 dengan asumsi variabel lain konstan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji t pada Variabel Kompensasi (X2)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 262, "width": 345, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a) Dari penelitian diatas nahwa sig 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ho diterima", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 283, "width": 435, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b) Untuk t hitung = 3,677 dan t tabel = 1,666, jadi 3,677 > 1,666 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Secara parsial kompensasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruhnya sebesar 0,457 dengan asumsi variabel lain konstan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 367, "width": 187, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji t pada Variabel Motivasi (X3)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 388, "width": 337, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a) Dari penelitian diatas nahwa sig 0,631 > 0,05 maka Ho ditolak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 410, "width": 435, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b) Untuk t hitung = -0,483 dan t tabel = 1,666, jadi -0,483 < 1,666 maka Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Secara parsial motivasi tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruhnya sebesar -0,062 dengan asumsi variabel lain konstan .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 97, "top": 507, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Simultan (Uji F)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 528, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Simultan (Uji F) bertujuan untuk menguji apakah variabel independen secara bersamaan mempengaruhi variabel dependen. Adapun hasil dari uji f adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 591, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Simultan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 109, "top": 604, "width": 394, "height": 102, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1086.547 3 362.182 41.786 .000 b Residual 615.400 71 8.668 Total 1701.947 74 a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1134", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 109, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), Motivasi, Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil output pada tabel diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil Fhitung > Ftabel (41,786 > 2,73) dan didapatkan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Dari dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara bersama-sama (simultan) variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 209, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Koefesien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 230, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Koefesien determinasi bertujuan untuk mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen, berikut nilai koefesien determinasi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 293, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 8. Uji Koefesien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 306, "width": 291, "height": 72, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .799 a .638 .623 2.944 a. Predictors: (Constant), Motivasi, Disiplin Kerja,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 162, "top": 378, "width": 65, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kompensasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 392, "width": 214, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 259, "top": 407, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Penelitian (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas diketahui nilai Adjustik R square sebesar 0,623. Hal tersebut berarti 62,3% kinerja karyawan dipengaruhi oleh disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi. Sedangkan sisanya 37,7% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 517, "width": 81, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini adalah analisis mengenai hasil temuan penelitian terhadap kesesuaian teori, pendapatan, maupun penelitian terdahulu yang telah dikemukakan hasil penelitian sebelumnya serta pola perilaku yang harus dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal-hal tersebut (Adha 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 615, "width": 471, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh mengenai pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah dari hasil uji hipotesis secara parsial yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung disiplin kerja sebesar 4,264 dan t tabel dengan α = 5% diketahui sebesar 1,666. Dengan demikian t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel (4,264 > 1,666) dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (lebih kecil dari 0,05) artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1135", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 183, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, didapat kesimpulan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry . Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan salah satu teori. Menurut Moenir dalam (Rika Widayaningtytas, 2016) disiplin kerja pada dasarnya selalu diharapkan menjadi ciri setiap SDM dalam organisasi, karena dengan kedisiplinan organisasi akan berjalan dengan baik dan bisa mencapai tujuannya dengan baik pula. Hasil penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hany Putri Ariani dan Sri Widodo (2020) yang menyatakan bahwa disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 471, "height": 204, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh mengenai pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah dari hasil uji hipotesis secara parsial yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung kompensasi sebesar 3,677 dan t tabel dengan α = 5% diketahui sebesar 1,666. Dengan demikian t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel (3,677 > 1,666) dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (lebih kecil dari 0,05) artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, didapat kesimpulan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry . Hasil penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hany Putri Ariani dan Sri Widodo (2020) yang menyatakan bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 473, "width": 471, "height": 225, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh mengenai pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah dari hasil uji hipotesis secara parsial yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung promosi sebesar -0,483 dan t tabel dengan α = 5% diketahui sebesar 1,666. Dengan demikian thitung lebih kecil dari t tabel (-0,483 < 1,666) dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,631 (lebih besar dari 0,05) artinya H0 diterima dan Ha ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, didapat kesimpulan bahwa H0 diterima dan Ha ditolak, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial motivasi tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry . Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Asep Hardiansyah, Soehardi dan Zahara Tussoleha Rony (2019) yang menyatakan bahwa motivasi kerja tidak mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1136", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 183, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh mengenai pengaruh disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi secara bersamaan terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah hasil uji hipotesis secara simultan yang menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil uji ANOVA ( Analysis Of Variance ) menunjukkan nilai F hitung sebesar 41,786 dengan tingkat signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05), sedangkan F tabel diketahui sebesar 2,73. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel (41,786 > 2,73), sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 283, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 297, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di bab sebelumnya maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 339, "width": 471, "height": 120, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry . Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry . Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry . Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Yumeida Utama Industry .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 466, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masukan untuk perusahaan meski merasa baik dengan kinerja yang diberikan karyawan kepada perusahaan, walaupun begitu pihak perusahaan harus tetap meningkatkan beberapa indikator seperti ketepatan waktu, pemanfaatan sarana, fasilitas, kebutuhan akan penghargaan dan kebutuhan dorongan mencapai tujuan. Begitu juga dengan kompensasi yang diberikan perusahaan tersebut, walaupun begitu pihak perusahaan harus tetap meningkatkan kompensasi dan motivasi yang diberikan kepada karyawan agar karyawan tetap dapat meningkatkan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 471, "height": 98, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dan saran utuk Peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya menggali lebih banyak sumber dan referensi terkait disiplin kerja, kompensasai, motivasi dan kinerja karyawan untuk meningkatkan hasil penelitiannya. Dan diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar lebih siap dalam proses pengumpulan data serta dalam segala hal yang berhubungan dengan variabel yang diteliti, sehingga pekerjaan penelitian dapat terlaksana dengan lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 462, "height": 32, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Yumeida Utama Industry Agus Fedarwin Gulo, Yuli Arnida Pohan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 728, "width": 29, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 86, "width": 105, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 470, "height": 42, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adha, Risky Nur, dkk. 2019. “Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Budaya Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Jember.” Jurnal Penelitian Ipteks 4(1):47–62.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 470, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ariani, Hanny Putri dan Sri Widodo. 2020. “Pengaruh SDisiplin Kerja dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Yamaha Music Indonesia Jakarta.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen Unsurya 1 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 42, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Deviani, Tiara. 2021. “Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja, Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pada Karyawan Caffe dan Resto Lot28).” Skripsi- 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 248, "width": 470, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fitriana, Yohana Bela. 2018. “Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja, Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada UD. Super Madu Jember.” Skripsi-2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 470, "height": 42, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hardiansyah, Asep, dkk. 2018. “Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Bank OCBC NISP Bagian Record Management dan Partnership Operation.” Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara 6(2):1858–1358.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 471, "height": 42, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kilvin, K. (2020). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Mitra Sinetra di Kota Batam (Doctoral dissertation, Prodi Manajemen).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 360, "width": 470, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Murtani, Alim. 2019. “Pengaruh Pengembangan Karyawan dan Fasilitas Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di PT. Bank Sumut Syariah Cabang Medan.” Jurnal Al- Qasd Islamic Ekonomi Alternative 1(2):177–188.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 471, "height": 42, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permadi, P., & Kusuma, M. (2021). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Pada PT Batang Hari Bengkulu Pratama). Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Manajemen Sains (JEMS), 2(2), 142-153.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 445, "width": 471, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pohan, Yuli Arnida Pohan. 2018. “Pengaruh Budaya Kerja dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Self Efficacy Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangkitan Sumatera Utara.” Universitsas Sumatera Utara.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "487", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 113, "width": 330, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH NCT DREAM SEBAGAI BRAND AMBASSADOR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 123, "top": 128, "width": 381, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TERHADAP BRAND IMAGE PRODUK MI INSTAN LEMONILO PADA GENERASI MUDA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 180, "width": 233, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Famelia Tridayanti 1 & Sylvie Nurfebiaraning 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 200, "width": 340, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1&2 Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Komunikasi & Bisnis Universitas Telkom", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 234, "width": 298, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 248, "width": 367, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[email protected] 2 Diterima: 19-07-2022 Disetujui: 07-09-2022 Diterbitkan: 08-09-2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 326, "width": 46, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 346, "width": 400, "height": 258, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data WINA (World Instant Noodle Association), Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua sebagai negara dengan permintaan mi instan terbanyak. Tingginya angka konsumsi mi instan Indonesia dan maraknya masalah kesehatan berkaitan dengan mi instan menjadi alasan utama Lemonilo menghadirkan mi instan yang lebih sehat dan nyaman dikonsumsi. Lemonilo menggandeng grup musik K-pop asal Korea Selatan, NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador untuk mendukung komunikasi pemasarannya. Hal ini merupakan bentuk pengaruh Korean Wave , istilah menyebarnya budaya Korea secara global , termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah dan seberapa besar pengaruh NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda. Indikator yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah brand ambassador sebagai variabel independen dengan sub-variabel visibility, credibility, attraction, dan power, dan brand image sebagai variabel dependen dengan sub-variabel strength of brand association, favorable of brand association, dan uniqueness of brand association . Jenis penelitian ini adalah asosiatif dengan metode kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah generasi muda usia 16-30 tahun dengan simple random sampling pada 385 responden melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo sebesar 39,8% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 618, "width": 377, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Brand Ambassador , Brand Image , Generasi Muda, Korean Wave", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 645, "width": 45, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 665, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on data from WINA (World Instant Noodle Association), Indonesia ranks second as the country with the most demand for instant noodles. The high consumption rate of Indonesian instant noodles and the rise of health problems related to instant noodles are the main reasons Lemonilo presents instant noodles that are healthier and more convenient to consume. Lemonilo collaborated with the K-pop music group from South Korea, NCT DREAM as brand ambassadors to support its marketing communications. This is a form of influence of the Korean Wave, the term for the spread of Korean culture", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "488", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 399, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "globally, including in Indonesia. This study aims to determine whether and how much influence NCT DREAM as a brand ambassador has on the brand image of Lemonilo instant noodle products in the younger generation. The indicators tested in this study are brand ambassadors as independent variables with sub-variables visibility, credibility, attraction, and power, and brand image as the dependent variable with sub- variables strength of brand association, favorable of brand association, and uniqueness of brand association. . This type of research is associative with quantitative methods. The population of this study is the young generation aged 16-30 years with simple random sampling of 385 respondents through questionnaires. The results showed that there was a significant effect of NCT DREAM as a brand ambassador on the brand image of Lemonilo instant noodle products by 39.8% while the rest was influenced by other factors outside of this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 281, "width": 384, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Brand Ambassador, Brand Image, Young Generation, Korean Wave", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 319, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 339, "width": 399, "height": 102, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut WINA (World Instant Noodles Association), asosiasi pengembangan kualitas mi instan global, Indonesia menempati urutan kedua negara dengan permintaan mie instan tertinggi pada tahun 2020 dengan 12,64 juta porsi setelah China. Di sisi lain, satu porsi mi instan biasanya mengandung karbohidrat glikemik tinggi tetapi rendah serat, vitamin, dan mineral (Sikander, Malik, Khan, Ain, dan Khan, 2017). Oleh karena itu, kandungan gizi mie instan menjadi tidak seimbang sehingga konsumsi yang berlebihan dapat membahayakan kesehatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 443, "width": 400, "height": 206, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Top Brand Index Tracking 2021 untuk kategori mi Instan dalam kemasan menunjukkan urutan pertama Indomie, kemudian Mie Sedaap, Sarimi, Supermi, Gaga, dan Mie 100 (topbrand-award.com, diakses 25 Maret 2022, pukul 21.32 WITA). Artinya Lemonilo belum mampu menguasai pasar. Dalam kategori khusus, DailySocial.id mengungkap bahwa mi instan Lemonilo sebagai mi instan yang sehat telah mendarah daging di benak publik dan dibicarakan di media sosial dengan 49% SOV ( share of voice ). (Yusra, 2021). Meski begitu, Lemonilo dikenal bukan satu- satunya merek mi instan yang menawarkan klaim kesehatan. Menurut (goodlife.id, diakses 25 Maret 2022 pukul 21.20 WITA), ada beberapa merek yang menawarkan produk mi instan sehat di masyarakat, antara lain Ladang Lima, Fit Mee, Alamie dan Ashitaki. Oleh karena itu, Lemonilo perlu memperkuat citra mereknya dengan strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang tepat untuk menciptakan keunggulan dibandingkan merek mi instan sehat sejenis dan merek mie instan lainnya yang mendominasi pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 651, "width": 399, "height": 58, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lemonilo telah bermitra dengan grup musik K-pop Korea NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador untuk mendukung komunikasi pemasaran mi instannya. Menggunakan selebriti Korea (termasuk grup musik K-pop) sebagai brand ambassador untuk produk dalam negeri sebenarnya bukan hal baru di industri ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 710, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut laporan terbaru yang diterbitkan oleh Twitter Indonesia melalui akun @twitterid, antara 1 Juli 2020 hingga 30 Juni 2021, Indonesia menempati peringkat pertama dalam jumlah tweet dan unique audience yang menunjukkan antusiasme", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "489", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 399, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terhadap musik Korea atau K-pop (pramborsfm.com, diakses 11 Januari 2022 22:37 WITA. Potensi K-pop dan Hallyu di Indonesia telah memicu minat selebriti Korea sampai saat ini sering digunakan sebagai brand ambassador untuk produk lokal Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 172, "width": 400, "height": 117, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NCT DREAM adalah unit ketiga dari grup musik NCT dan berafiliasi dengan SM Entertainment. NCT DREAM juga dikenal sebagai salah satu grup musik K-pop yang telah meraih banyak prestasi sejak debut. NCT DREAM telah memenangkan banyak penghargaan di berbagai acara seperti Piala Bonsang Seoul Music Awards 2020, Divisi Album Golden Disc Awards 2020, dan Top 10 Global Fans Choice Mnet Asia Music Awards 2021. Pada tahun 2021, NCT DREAM mencetak rekor penjualan album terbanyak yang melampaui grup BTS (voi.id, diakses 11 November 2022 pukul 20.01 WITA).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 291, "width": 400, "height": 102, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menyasar generasi muda, Lemonilo memilih NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador mereka karena dianggap mampu mewakili brand . Dari (lemonilo.com, diakses 22 Februari 2022 pukul 12.18 WIB), menurut Shinta Fauzia, Co-CEO Lemonilo, ada kesamaan misi antara Lemonilo dan NCT DREAM dalam membina generasi muda dan gaya hidup sehat adalah kunci keberhasilan membuat NCT DREAM dianggap dapat mewakili nilai-nilai dan karakter yang dijunjung merek (Anindhita, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 395, "width": 400, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan UU No. 40 Tahun 2009, Pasal 1.1, generasi muda atau pemuda didefinisikan sebagai warga negara Indonesia dalam periode tumbuh kembang berusia 16 sampai 30 tahun (Naafs & White, 2012, p. 91). Generasi muda pada tahun 2022 mencakup beberapa milenial dan beberapa Gen Z. Milenial adalah mereka yang lahir pada tahun 1981-1996, maka pada tahun 2022 mereka berada pada rentang usia 26-41 tahun, Gen Z adalah mereka yang lahir pada tahun 1997-2012, dan pada tahun 2022 pada rentang usia 10-25 tahun (beresfordresearch.com, diakses 2 Maret 2022 pukul 01.46 WIB). Menurut Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar, konsumsi mi instan di Indonesia mencapai 1-6 bungkus per minggu, 68,3% penduduk usia 10-14, 67,6% penduduk usia 15-19, 20-24 64,8% penduduk usia, 63,4% berusia 25-29 tahun. (dinkes.kalbarprov.go.id, diakses 2 Mar 2022 04:01 WIB). Kelompok umur ini memiliki proporsi paling tinggi dibandingkan kelompok umur lainnya. Artinya, lebih dari separuh anak muda Indonesia dimasing-masing kelompok usia tersebut mengonsumsi mi instan. Selanjutnya, menurut hasil polling The Fandom for Idols 2016, penggemar K-pop Indonesia sebagian besar berusia antara 15 hingga 35 tahun (blog.jakpat.net/, diakses akses 2 Maret 2022 01.22 WIB). Kelompok usia ini juga termasuk generasi muda, sehingga bisa dikatakan penggemar K-pop Indonesia didominasi oleh generasi muda.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 662, "width": 399, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena yang dijelaskan, peneliti ingin menyelidiki ada tidaknya dan seberapa besar pengaruh NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonillo pada generasi muda.. Oleh karena itu, peneliti merumuskan penelitian ini dengan judul “Pengaruh NCT DREAM sebagai Brand Ambassador terhadap Brand Image Produk Mi Instan Lemonilo pada Generasi Muda” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "490", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 399, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan pada pendahuluan, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui dan menganalisis:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 153, "width": 366, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Ada tidaknya pengaruh variabel brand ambassador terhadap variabel brand image", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 145, "top": 179, "width": 364, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Seberapa besar pengaruh variabel brand ambassador terhadap variabel brand image", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 219, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut uraian hipotesis penelitian ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 246, "width": 362, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H0: NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo H1: NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand image mi instan Lemonilo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 320, "width": 102, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KERANGKA TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 340, "width": 122, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komunikasi Pemasaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 355, "width": 399, "height": 146, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komunikasi menurut (Soyomukti, 2012, p. 11) adalah proses dimana penyampaian informasi dan pesan melibatkan hubungan dari satu pihak ke pihak lain. Menurut (Firmansyah, 2020, p. 2), komunikasi pemasaran adalah alat untuk menginformasikan, membujuk, atau mengingatkan konsumen yang digunakan pebisnis secara langsung atau tidak langsung berkaitan dengan produk atau merek yang dijualnya. Menurut (Widyastuti, 2017, p. 1), komunikasi pemasaran berperan penting dalam membangun citra merek dan menyebabkan peningkatan penjualan merek. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan dan menjangkau berbagai segmen pasar melalui strategi komunikasi pemasaran dan berbagai bentuk komunikasi pemasaran guna mencapai tujuan keuangan (Firmansyah, 2020, p. 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 533, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand Ambassador", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 548, "width": 400, "height": 161, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "American Marketing Association (AMA) menyebut brand atau merek dagang sebagai nama, istilah, simbol, tanda, desain, atau kombinasinya, sebagai pembeda barang atau jasa penjual atau kelompok penjual dari barang atau jasa pesaingnya. (Ramawati, 2016). Lea-Greenwood dalam (Sagia & Situmorang, 2018) menyebutkan “ Brand ambassador is a tool used by companies to communicate and connect with the public, regarding how them actually enchances sales” dimana brand ambassador merupakan alat pemasaran berupa simbol budaya atau identitas sebagai perwakilan suatu produk. John R. Rossiter dalam (Kertamukti, 2015, p. 70) menyebut penggunaan selebriti termasuk sebagai brand ambassador dapat dievaluasi menggunakan model VisCAP yang terdiri dari empat unsur penting, yaitu Visibility , Credibility , Attraction , dan Power .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "491", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 66, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand Image", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 132, "width": 400, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand image adalah pandangan konsumen mengenai suatu merek berdasarkan bagaimana mereka mengingat produk dan bagaimana orang berpikir tentang merek tersebut (Firmansyah, 2019, p. 66). Menurut Herzog dalam (Keller & Swaminathan, 2020, hlm. 41), brand image adalah pandangan dalam ingatan konsumen mengenai merek dan tercermin dalam asosiasi merek. Menurut (Keller & Swaminathan, 2020, p. 46), asosiasi brand terdiri dari Strength of Brand Associations, Favorability of Brand Associations, dan Uniqueness of Brand Associations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 261, "width": 121, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 281, "width": 400, "height": 250, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan jenis penelitian asosiatif hubungan kausal. Kemudian dalam pengumpulan data, menurut Ketlinger dalam (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 17) metode survei ditargetkan pada kelompok populasi dengan jumlah besar dan kecil, tetapi data diperoleh dari sampel populasi tersebut sehingga ditemukan fenomena relatif antara variabel sosiologis atau psikologis. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah generasi muda (usia 16-30 tahun) di Indonesia. Diperoleh dari (dataindonesia.id, diakses 22 Maret 2022), data Badan Pusat Statistik menunjukkan jumlah generasi muda usia di Indonesia setiap tahun sejak 2011 sampai 2021 terus berubah-ubah. Dengan kata lain, populasi bersifat fluktuatif atau tidak menentu yang mengakibatkan jumlahnya tidak dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Dikarena kondisi tersebut, perhitungan jumlah sampel dilakukan dengan rumus Cochran dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 385 responden. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling yang memberikan kesempatan y ang sama untuk mengambil sampel seluruh populasi (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 134). Peneliti menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu teknik penentuan anggota sampel secara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam populasi (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 134).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 553, "width": 80, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 573, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI VALIDITAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 600, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian dianggap valid jika pada hasil kumpulan data dan data asli objek yang diteliti terdapat kesamaan (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 192). Valid artinya alat survei dapat mengukur apa yang diukurnya (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 193). Pada uji validitas ini, kuesioner awalnya dibagikan kepada 30 responden (n=30) sebagai subjek uji kesesuaian kuesioner dengan kriteria yang diinginkan. Tingkat signifikasi yang telah ditentukan adalah 5% (0,05). Oleh karena itu, diketahui r tabel adalah 0,361. Adapun kriteria uji validitas sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 705, "width": 263, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Variabel dinyatakan valid jika nilai r hitung > r tabel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 718, "width": 289, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Variabel dinyatakan tidak valid jika nilai r hitung < r tabel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "492", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 341, "width": 399, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pengujian validitas variabel brand ambassador (X) dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 26 pada tabel, diperoleh r hitung > r tabel (0,361). Maka, variabel brand ambassador (X) dinyatakan valid. Adapun perujian validitas variabel Y:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 546, "width": 400, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uji validitas variabel brand image (Y) dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 26 pada tabel, diperoleh r hitung > r tabel (0,361). Maka, variabel brand image (Y) dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 604, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI RELIABILITAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 632, "width": 399, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian dikatakan reliabel jika ditemukan kesamaan pada waktu yang berbeda (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 192). Reliabel artinya suatu instrunmen penelitian menghasilkan data yang sama meski telah berapa kali digunakan untuk mengukur objek yang sama (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 193). Dalam penelitian ini, Alpha Cronbach digunakan untuk menguji reliabilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 706, "width": 399, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria reliabilitas Alpha Cronbach yaitu jika koefisien reliabilitas Alpha Cronbach atau ri > 0.6, instrumen dinyatakan reliabel. Pengujian reliabilitas Alpha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "493", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 395, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cronbach pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan IBM SPSS 26 dan ditemukan hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 235, "width": 399, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan perujian reliabilias variabel brand ambassador (X) dengan software IBM SPSS 26, diperoleh nilai Alpha Cronbach atau ri 0,923 > 0,6. Maka, variabel brand ambassador (X) dinyatakan reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 371, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan perujian reliabilias variabel brand image (Y) dengan software IBM SPSS 26 pada tabel, diperoleh nilai Alpha Cronbach atau ri 0,708 > 0,6. Maka, variabel brand image (Y) dinyatakan reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 431, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 572, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekapitulasi variabel brand ambassador termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 85,16%,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "494", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 290, "width": 399, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekapitulasi variabel brand image dari 385 responden termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dengan skor 7.201 sebesar 77,93 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 330, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI NORMALITAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 358, "width": 400, "height": 87, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas memiliki tujuan untuk memeriksa apakah variabel dependen dan independen memiliki distribusi atau nilai residual normal atau tidak (Ningsih & Dukalang, 2019, p. 47). Penelitian ini menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menurut Ghozali dalam (Haryanti & Hardiyanti, 2021, p. 1475) untuk menguji normal tidaknya data kuesioner dengan kriteria Monte Carlo sig. > 0,05 artinya normal. Pengujian normalitas menggunakan software IBM SPSS 26.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 603, "width": 366, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan kriteria tersebut, nilai signifikasi 0,106 > 0,05, sehingga data dinyatakan terdistrbusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 644, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI HETEROKEDASTISITAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 671, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji heteroskedastisitas dirancang untuk melihat ada tidaknya ketidaksamaan residual dalam model regresi dari satu observasi ke observasi lainnya (Ningsih & Dukalang, 2019, p. 47). Menurut Ghozali dalam (Nanincova, 2019), jika nilai probabilitas (sig) > dari 0,05, berarti tidak ada gejala heteroskedastisitas. Pengujian heterokedasitisitas menggunakan software IBM SPSS 26.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "495", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 252, "width": 390, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karena signifikansi 0,075 > 0,05 maka pada data penelitian ini tidak ada gejala heteroskedastis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 296, "width": 154, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI KORELASI PEARSON", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 324, "width": 370, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji ini untuk mengetahui apakah hubungan antar kedua variabel kuat atau rendah dan searah atau (Nanincova, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 488, "width": 400, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji koefisien korelasi Pearson memperoleh angka 0,631. Maka dari itu, 0,631 dinyatakan sebagai nilai tingkat korelasi antar variabel brand ambassador (X) dan variabel brand image (Y). Diketahui bahwa 0,631 berada diantara interval koefisien 0,60 - 0,799 dengan tingkat hubungan kuat. Terlihat pula pada nilai signifikasi 0,000 yang diketahui lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang artinya variabel brand ambassador (X) dan brand image (Y) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 636, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI KOEFISIEN DETERMINASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 663, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji koefisien determinasi berguna untuk mengetahui persentase variabel independen yang digunakan dalam suatu model yang dapat menjelaskan variabel dependen (Ningsih & Dukalang, 2019, p. 51).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "496", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 208, "width": 398, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terlihat R Square atau 𝑅 2 sebesar 0,398. Nilai tersebut selanjutnya disubtitusi kedalam persamaan berikut untuk mengetahui nilai persentase pastinya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 252, "width": 77, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KD = 𝑅 2 x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 279, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 0,398 x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 307, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 39,8%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 334, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat dikatakan bahwa NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador (X) memiliki pengaruh 39,8% terhadap brand image (Y) produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda, sedangkan 60,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor di luar penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 393, "width": 198, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI REGRESI LINIER SEDERHANA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 420, "width": 398, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut (Sugiyono, 2019, p. 299) regresi bertujuan menduga nilai variabel dependen berdasarkan nilai variabel independen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 576, "width": 398, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terlihat konstanta (a) sebesar 7,775 dengan koefisien regresi X (b) sebesar 0,229. Nilai tersebut kemudian disubtitusi ke dalam persamaan berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 620, "width": 8, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y’", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 620, "width": 39, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= a + bX", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 284, "top": 648, "width": 74, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 7,775 + 0,229", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 675, "width": 400, "height": 72, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari persamaan tersebut konstanta (a) bernilai 7,775 yang artinya jika variabel brand ambassador (X) bernilai 0, maka variabel brand image (Y) bernilai 7,775 satuan. Koefisien regresi (b) sebesar 0,229, artinya jika setiap variabel brand ambassador (X) meningkat satu satuan, maka variabel brand image (Y) akan meningkat sebesar 0,229 satuan. Kemudian dapat dilihat dari tabel bahwa nilai signifikansi koefisien regresi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "497", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 399, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "adalah 0,000 < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 172, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL UJI HIPOTESIS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 199, "width": 398, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ghozali dalam (Nanincova, 2019), uji t bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi setiap variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 358, "width": 399, "height": 87, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai t-tabel untuk ukuran sampel yang diketahui (N) adalah 385 responden dengan signifikansi 0,05% adalah 1,966. Artinya t hitung > t tabel (15,911 > 1,966) artinya H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima atau brand ambassador berpengaruh terhadap brand image . Oleh karena itu, sebagai brand ambassador , NCT DREAM memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo di kalangan generasi muda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 461, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 481, "width": 399, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya mengenai pengaruh NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda, disimpulkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 540, "width": 396, "height": 117, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Sebagai brand ambassador , NCT DREAM memiliki pengaruh terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda. Dari hasil uji koefisien korelasi dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan antara variabel kedua variabel. Hasil uji regresi linier sederhana menemukan bahwa jika setiap brand ambassador meningkat maka brand image juga akan meningkat. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai hitung 15.911 > t tabel 1.966, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima atau brand ambassador berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand image .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 673, "width": 399, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi, NCT DREAM sebagai brand ambassador berpengaruh 39,8% terhadap brand image produk mi instan Lemonilo pada generasi muda dan 60,2% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian ini.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 489, "top": 785, "width": 20, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "498", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 197, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MEDIUM Desember 2022, Vol.10 No.2, pp. 487-500 ISSN: 2303-0194, E-ISNN: 2615-1308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 113, "width": 104, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 397, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anindhita, M. (2021, January 10). Lemonilo Umumkan NCT DREAM Sebagai Brand Ambassador Terbaru. Retrieved from Lemonilo.com: https://www.lemonilo.com/amp/blog/lemonilo-umumkan-nct-dream- sebagai-brand-ambassador-terbaru TOP BRAND AWARD. (2021). BRAND TBI 2021. Retrieved from topbrand-award.com: https://www.topbrand-award.com/en/2021/02/mie-instant-dalam- kemasan-bag-fase-1-2021/", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 235, "width": 399, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. https://dinkes.kalbarprov.go.id/wp- content/uploads/2019/03/Laporan-Riskesdas-2018-Nasional.pdf.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 280, "width": 399, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "baresfordresearch.com. (t.thn.). Age Range by Generation. 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[ { "left": 90, "top": 725, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite:", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 725, "width": 439, "height": 63, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ramli, R., Afni, & Muhtarom. (2024). Kinerja Organisasi Publik Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja dan Wilayatul Hisbah Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Syntax Literate. (9)1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i1 E-ISSN: 2548-1398 Published by: Ridwan Institute", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 212, "top": 85, "width": 301, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p–ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 113, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 9, No. 1, Januari 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KINERJA ORGANISASI PUBLIK SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DAN WILAYATUL HISBAH KABUPATEN GAYO LUES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 183, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rabudin Ramli¹, Afni², Muhtarom³ Universita Terbuka, Indonesia 1,3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 178, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 224, "width": 310, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected]¹, [email protected]², [email protected]³", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 279, "width": 400, "height": 202, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fact finding, yang mengembangkan konsep dan menghimpun fakta tetapi tidak melakukan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja Dinas Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues belum optimal, terlihat dari beberapa aspek seperti akuntabilitas, responsibilitas, dan responsivitas. Kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues yang dilihat dari tiga indikator tersebut, dipengaruhi oleh variabel internal organisasi, yaitu struktur organisasi, sumber daya manusia, dan finansial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan untuk melakukan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues, seperti menata perangkat peraturan dan penegakan hukum dalam rangka ketertiban dan ketentraman serta penegakkan Syariat Islam, mengubah struktur organisasi Satpol PP dan WH menjadi Dinas Satpol PP dan WH, serta memperbaiki manajemen, dan membentuk lembaga ditingkat desa yang berfungsi untuk penegakkan Syariat Islam guna memudahkan pengawasan, pembinaan, dan pengendalian terhadap pelanggaran seperti khalwat, jinayat, mesum, khamar, busana muslim/muslimah, dan judi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 389, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pengukuran Kinerja, Akuntabilitas, Responsibilitas, Responsivitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 509, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 400, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to analyze the performance carried out by the Satpol PP and WH Office of Gayo Lues Regency and the factors that affect this performance. This research uses the fact finding method, which develops concepts and gathers facts but does not test hypotheses. The results showed that the performance of the Satpol PP and WH Office of Gayo Lues Regency was not optimal, as seen from several aspects such as accountability, responsibility, and responsiveness. The performance of Satpol PP and WH Gayo Lues Regency, which is seen from these three indicators, is influenced by internal organizational variables, namely organizational structure, human resources, and finance. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to make policy recommendations to improve the performance of Satpol PP and WH Gayo Lues Regency, such as organizing regulatory and law enforcement tools in the context of order and peace and enforcement of Islamic Sharia, changing the organizational structure of Satpol PP and WH to Satpol PP and WH Offices, as well as improving management, and forming institutions at the village level that function for the enforcement of Islamic Sharia to facilitate supervision, Coaching, and controlling", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 36, "width": 426, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja Organisasi Publik Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja dan Wilayatul Hisbah Kabupaten Gayo Lues", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 9, No. 1, Januari 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "259", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "violations such as khalwat, jinayat, perverts, khamar, Muslim / Muslimah clothing, and gambling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 391, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Performance Measurement, Accountability, Responsiveness, Responsiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 151, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 431, "height": 109, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja organisasi publik harus dilihat secara luas dengan mengidentifikasi keberhasilan organisasi tersebut dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan melakukan perbaikan-perbaikan maupun peningkatan pelayanan kepada masyarakat karena kinerja pemerintah telah mengarah ke good governance (Suwarno & Bramantyo, 2019). Organisasi yang berhasil merupakan organisasi yang memiliki visi dan misi yang jelas, terukur dan dapat teraktualisai dalam kinerja organisasi. Pengukuran kinerja mencakup berbagai aspek sehingga dapat memberikan informasi yang efisien dan efektif dalam pencapaian kinerja tersebut (Agusti, 2012) (Kurniawan, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 428, "height": 151, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut pendapat Drucker dalam buku “Mewirausakan Birokrasi : Reinventing Government ” karya David Osborne (2000), bahwa dalam suatu organisasi perlu adanya pemisahan antara manajemen puncak dan operasional, sehingga memungkinkan manajemen puncak mengfokuskan konsentrasi pada pengambilan keputusan dan pengarahan. Sedangkan kegiatan operasional sebaiknya dijalankan oleh staf sendiri, dimana masing-masing memiliki misi, sasaran, ruang lingkup, tindakan serta otonominya sendiri.Upaya mengarahkan, membutuhkan orang yang mampu melihat seluruh visi dan peluang serta mampu menyeimbangkan antar berbagai tuntutan yang saling bersaing untuk mendapatkan sumber daya. Hal tersebut membutuhkan persoinil yang bersungguh- sungguh fokus pada visi , misi dan melaksanakannya dengan baik (Gultom et al., 2023; Nahrisah & Imelda, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 428, "height": 179, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemerintah Kabupaten Gayo Lues turut mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Gayo Lues Nomor 22 Tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan dan Susunan Organisasi Kantor Wilayah Kabupaten Gayo Lues serta Qanun Kabupaten Gayo Lues Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Pembentukan dan Susunan Perangkat Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Salah satu instansi yang dibentuk antara lain Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja dan Wilayatul Hisbah yang struktur organisasi dan tata kerjanya diatur dengan Peraturan Bupati Gayo Lues Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Bupati Gayo Lues Nomor 43 Tahun 2016 Tentang Kedudukan, Susunan Organisasi, Tugas Dan Fungsi Serta Tata Kerja Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Dan Wilayatul Hisbah Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Hal ini Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh, gubernur, bupati/walikota dapat membentuk Satuan Satpol PP dan Wilayatul Hisbah (WH) untuk penyelenggaraan ketentraman, ketertiban, penegakan kebijakan daerah dan syariat Islam serta perlindungan masyarakat (Wargadinata, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 428, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Banyak program yang belum mencapai target sebagaimana yang sudah ditetapkan, hal ini tergambar dari masih tingginya terlihat pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang terjadi di lapangan sehingga hal ini memberikan dampak negative terhadap pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara umum Setiawan, (2021), informasi dan data ini berdasarkan pengumpulan atau observasi awal yang peneliti dilakukan dibeberapa tempat di Kabupaten Gayo Lues baik secara langsung maupun melalui konfirmasi media sosial seperti 1) Keluhan masyarakat terhadap masih banyaknya ternak yang berkeliaran di wilayah kota Blangkejeren dan zonasi bebas ternak, sehingga hal ini menimbulkan keresahan dan ketidaknyamanan masyarakat selaku pengguna fasilitas umum karena hal ini dapat menimbulkan dan mengganggu keindahan perkotaan serta memberikan kesan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 158, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rabudin Ramli, Afni, Muhtarom", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "260", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 301, "top": 792, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 9, No. 1, Januari 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "buruk kepada warga yang dating berkunjung ke wilayah Gayo Lues. 2) Masih ada Pedagang kaki lima yang membuka lapak dagangannya di fasilitas umum (dibadan jalan) sehingga mengganggu ketertiban dan akses jalan bagi masyarakat lainnya seperti terlihat dalam ilustrasi gambar di bawah ini dimana para pedagang menggelar lapak dagangannya di badan jalan provinsi di Pajak / Pekan Pantan Cuaca kabupaten Gayo Lues. 3) Masih ada para ASN dan pelajar yang berkeliaran atau nongkrong di warung-warung disaat jam kerja atau jam sekolah. 4) Masih adanya pelanggar qanun syariat islam seperti judi online (peredaran chip domino), peredaran miras (tuak), khalwat (mesum) dan persolan- persoalan lain yang menyangkut dengan tugas dan fungsi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 223, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini didukung juga berdasarkan data yang peneliti ambil dari realisasi capaian tugas dan fungsi Satpol PP dan Wh Kabupaten Gayo Lues seperti yang termuat dalam table di bawah ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 279, "width": 312, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Laporan LPPD Satpol PP dan WH Kab. Gayo Lues", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 293, "width": 402, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Program Target Realisasi Ket 1 Penertiban Ternak 4 kali patrol / hari 1 x Patroli Tidak tercapai 2 Penertiban Pedagang Kaki Lima/Asongan 4 kali 1 kali Tidak tercapai 3 Penertiban ASN 4 Kali - Tidak tercapai 4 Penertiban pelajar 4 Kali - Tidak tercapai 5 Razia Qanun Syariat islam 4 kali 1 x Patroli Tidak tercapai 6 Sosialisasi perda 11 kecamatan Tidak tercapai 7 Diksar Anggota 1 kali - Tidak tercapai 8 Peningkatan Kompetensi Aparatur 20 orang - Tidak tercapai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 437, "width": 248, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Satpol PP dan WH Kab. Gayo Lues, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 428, "height": 79, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tentunya dari beberapa permasalahan yang muncul di publik tersebut diperlukan suatu system untuk menggali informasi lebih jauh terkait dengan kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi terhadap permasalahan ini. Berdarkan permasalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 93, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 577, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif pada hakekatnya ialah mengamati orang dalam lingkungan hidupnya, berinteraksi dengan mereka, berusaha memahami bahasa dan tafsiran mereka tentang dunia sekitarnya (Sugiyono, 2013)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 428, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan ini merupakan suatu usaha pemecahan masalah dengan cara membandingkan gejala-gejala yang ditemukan, mengadakan klasifikasi gejala-gejala, dan menetapkan pengaruh antara gejala-gejala yang ditemukan (Singarimbun, 1989; Sugiyono, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan metode penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui fenomena kinerja organisasi publik studi kasus pada satuan polisi pamong praja dan wilayatul hisbah Kabupaten Gayo Lues.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 36, "width": 426, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja Organisasi Publik Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja dan Wilayatul Hisbah Kabupaten Gayo Lues", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 9, No. 1, Januari 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "261", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 120, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 428, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberhasilan atau kegagalan kerja suatu organisasi dapat diukur dengan mengukur dan melaporkan kinerja peralatan, yang dilakukan secara formal (Sulaksono, 2015). Lebih lanjut Keban menjelaskan bahwa ketepatan pengukuran, seperti metode atau metode pengumpulan data untuk mengukur kinerja, juga sangat menentukan peinilaian akhir kinerja.Whittaker (1993) menyatakan bahwa pengukuran kinerja merupakan alat manajemen untuk meiningkatkan pengambilan keputusan dan akuntabilitas (Silvia, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran kinerja atau hasil karya merupakan alat manajemen untuk menilai keberhasilan maupun kegagalan pelaksanaan strategi untuk mencapai tujuan dan sasaran organisasi yang bersangkutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 204, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja Organisasi Satpol PP dan WH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mengetahui tentang kinerja organisasi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues, dalam melaksanakan tugas pokok dan fungsinya serta kewenangan dalam menciptakan ketertiban, keamanan dan penegakkan syariat Islam sesuai dengan misi dan tujuan organisasi (Gaussyah, 2010), maka dalam pembahasan ini akan mencoba menganalisis pencapaian kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues yang dilihat dari indikator:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 428, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas disini mengacu pada kemampuan organisasi untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan masyarakat, menyusun tujuan dan prioritas pelayanan, serta mengembangkan program pelayanan publik sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keinginan masyarakat. Akuntabilitas publik mengacu pada sejauh mana kebijakan dan kegiatan organisasi publik tunduk pada pejabat politik yang dipilih secara populer (pejabat terpilih).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masyarakat Kabupaten Gayo Lues selalu ingin mentaati peraturan, tetapi disisi lain keberadaan Satpol PP dan WH itu sendiri sebagai dinas/satuan yang baru belum diketahui oleh masyarakat karena merupakan institusi yang baru dibentuk. Untuk itu maka perlu upaya mensosialisasikan kembali tentang tugas-tugas dan fungsi Satpol PP dan WH, agar semua masyarakat mengetahui serta peduli dan turut serta menciptakan ketentraman, ketertiban serta perlindungan masyarakat dan menegakkan syariat Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penegakan yang dilakukan oleh Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues yang dihadapi dalam menciptakan ketentraman dan ketertiban umum serta perlindungan masyarakat dan penegakan pelaksanaan syari’at islam, masih belum optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responsibilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 428, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Levine dalam Dwiyanto dalam Indarti & Patrisia, (2020) mengemukakan responsibility atau responsibilitas atau tanggungjawab adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan seberapa jauh proses pemberian pelayanan publik dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip atau ketentuan-ketentuan administrasi dan organisasi yang benar dan telah ditetapkan. Responsibilitas menjelaskan apakah pelaksanaan kegiatan organisasi publik itu dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip administrasi yang benar atau sesuai dengan kebijakan organisasi, baik yang eksplisit maupun implisit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanakan misi dan tujuan organisasi dalam menghadapi perubahan, berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues melakukan berbagai upaya baik melalui pembuatan perangkat hukum maupun mengadakan sosialisasi, kerjasama lintas sektoral dan melaksanakan razia di jalan-jalan dan ditempat-tempat baik yang menjual minuman keras maupun café-café remang- remang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 158, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rabudin Ramli, Afni, Muhtarom", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "262", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 301, "top": 792, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 9, No. 1, Januari 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responsivitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 428, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responsivitas sebagai salah satu indikator untuk mengukur kinerja pelayanan publik, secara sederhana dapat diartikan mau mendengarkan saran Jhon M. Echols dan Hasan Shadely dalam (Mirnasari, 2013). Menurut pengertian ini terlihat adanya komunikasi dalam bentuk aspirasi atau kehendak dari satu pihak kepada pihak lain serta memperhatikan apa yang disampaikan oleh komunikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja organisasi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues tidak dapat dipisahkan, juga membuktikan bahwa masing-masing aspek mempunyai hubungan yang saling mempengaruhi kinerja organisasi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues dalam melaksanakan tugas pokok dan fungsinya untuk mencapai tujuan dan misi organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kendala Satpol PP dan WH dalam melaksanakan kinerja organisasi Kabupaten Gayo Lues", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada tiga variabel internal di dalam organisasi yang diduga kuat mempengaruhi kinerja organisasi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues, yakni struktur organisasi, sumber daya manusia, dan finansial, yang akan dibahas secara berurutan berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Struktur Organisasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 334, "width": 428, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas pokok dan fungsi organisasi untuk mencapai misi dan tujuan organisasi, Satpol PP dan WH mutlak harus dapat mengkoordinasikan program-program yang ada demi tercapainya misi dan tujuan organisasi. Apabila melihat struktur organisasi yang ada, maka belum terlihat peran dari Satpol PP dan WH seutuhnya, dan terkesan seolah-olah hanya menangani masalah ketertiban, ketentraman masyarakat dan penegakan syariat islam semata sedangkan peran lainnya yang harus dilaksanakan belum nampak di dalam struktur organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber Daya Manusia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber daya manusia dilihat dari tingkat kemampuan teknis yang dimiliki pegawai, maka pegawai yang ada di Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues, dari sejumlah 32 orang tersebut, mereka pada umumnya sudah berpengalaman dan telah bekerja dengan masa kerja yang bervariasi. Dan sementara itu dalam rangka menunjang pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsi, para pegawai diikutkan dalam pendidikan teknis baik yang diadakan di tingkat kabupaten maupun di tingkat Propinsi Aceh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 527, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Finansial/ Anggaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 428, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anggaran rutin yang ada kurang menunjang terhadap pelaksaan tugas pokok dan fungsi, tetapi kekurangan tersebut dapat dibantu oleh adanya anggaran pembangunan, dimana untuk tahun anggaran 2022 ada kebijakan dari Bupati yang menambah jumlah kegiatan serta menambah besarnya alokasi anggaran serta adanya biaya operasional yang memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 428, "height": 110, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterkaitan antara variabel struktur organisasi, Sumber Daya Manusia dan Finansial/anggaran dengan Kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues, sebagaimana telah diuraikan dimuka, dapatlah diinterpretasikan bahwa faktor struktur organisasi dapat mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut dari hasil wawancara dan observasi di dapat bahwa dari variabel struktur organisasi masih mengalami kelemahan, antara lain: struktur yang ada belum menampung seluruh tugas dan kegiatan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh dinas, sebagaimana telah dijelaskan di dalam struktur organisasi tidak nampak adanya sub dinas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 36, "width": 426, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja Organisasi Publik Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja dan Wilayatul Hisbah Kabupaten Gayo Lues", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 9, No. 1, Januari 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "263", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "maupun seksi yang khusus menangani masalah hukum/perundang-undangan, selain itu jabatan fungsional yang ada belum terisi. Keadaan tersebut jelas dapat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja organisasi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 429, "height": 179, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja Satpol PP dan WH belum optimal, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari beberapa aspek. Pertama , akuntabilitas yang memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat konsistensi kebijakan dan kegiatan dinas belum sesuai dengan aspirasi masyarakat, hal ini terlihat dari masih terjadi pelanggaran terhadap penegakkan syariat Islam, implikasinya adalah belum maksimalnya ketertiban dan ketentraman masyarakat. Kedua , responsibilitas yang memperlihatkan bahwa masih tingginya tingkat pelanggaran masyarakat terhadap penegakkan Syariat Islam seperti khalwat, jinayat, mesum, khamar, busana muslim/muslimah dan judi. Masih rendahnya tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam mewujudkan ketertiban dan ketentraman dan penegakkan Syariat Islam, hal ini disebabkan masih kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang qanun-qanun penegakkan syariat Islam. Ketiga, responsivitas memperlihatkan bahwa masih adanya keluhan dari masyarakat tentang adanya pelanggaran syariat Islam seperti khalwat, jinayat, mesum, khamar, busana muslim/muslimah dan judi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 429, "height": 234, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues dilihat dari tiga indikator, Pertama , variabel struktur organisasi, yakni struktur organisasi yang ada belum menampung seluruh kegiatan yang harus dilaksanakan sehingga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pendelegasian wewenang, belum sesuainya penempatan pegawai menurut spesialisasi yang diketahui dengan belum terisinya jabatan fungsional dan tingkat pendelegasian pegawai dalam pelaksanaan tugas yang diketahui dengan tidak adanya sub dinas yang menangani masalah penegakkan dan pembinaan bagi pelanggar Qanun syariat Islam seperti khalwat, jinayat, mesum, khamar, busana muslim/muslimah dan judi. Kedua, variabel sumber daya manusia, yakni kurangnya sumber daya manusia baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, tingkat pendidikan pegawai yang belum sesuai dengan tugas yang harus dilaksanakan yang diketahui dari belum adanya pegawai yang mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan Psikologi, Sosiologi, Hukum Syariah dan Agama, serta kurangnya kemampuan teknis yang dimiliki pegawai. Ketiga , variabel finansial, yakni angaran yang tersedia untuk melaksanakan tugas dan fungsi belum memadai dan kecilnya biaya operasional untuk menunjang pencapaian misi dan tujuan organisasi. Ketiga variabel internal organisasi tersebut mempengaruhi kinerja Satpol PP dan WH Kabupaten Gayo Lues.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 583, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIBLIOGRAFI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 615, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agusti, R. (2012). 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[ { "left": 280, "top": 687, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "215", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 717, "width": 204, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "MODELING : Jurnal Program Studi PGMI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 730, "width": 430, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021; p-ISSN: 2442-3661; e-ISSN: 2477-667X, 215-226", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 322, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "URGENSI PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN BELAJAR ABAD 21 DI PENDIDIKAN DASAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 164, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hermansyah 1 , Muslim 2 , Ihlas 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 136, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Email : mhanalbimawi.com", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 301, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Alumni PGMI Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Dosen Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Muhammadiyah Bima Dosen Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Muhammadiyah Bima", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 251, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 278, "width": 366, "height": 245, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana mempersiapkan generasi emas yang siap bersaing di tengah arus globalisasi dan kompetensi- kompetensi yang perlu dimiliki oleh siswa. Bagi seorang guru bahwa mendidik generasi yang tangguh itu butuh kematangan intelektual, konsep, metode, strategi dan tujuan yang jelas. Sehingga materi yang disampaikan dapat diserap oleh siswa dengan mudah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitan kepustakaan (Library Research), yaitu serangkaian penelitian yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, atau penelitian yang digali melalui beragam informasi kepustakaan seperti buku, ensiklopedi, jurnal ilmiah, koran, majalah, dan penelitian terdahulu yang dianggap memiliki relevan dengan tema penelitian. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa arah pembelajaran harus digiring pada proses penguatan keterampilan dan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan. Kompetensi itu antara lain, Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration dan Kreatif-inovatif. Selain kompetensi ini guru juga harus menguatkan dengan nila-nilai dasar dalam islam yaitu kepribadian seperti, kejujuran, amanah dan adil. Poin-poin ini sebagai perekat agar peserta didik tidak hilang kontrol, namun mereka sudah dibekali dengan pondasi agama yang kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 537, "width": 341, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Keterampilan, Belajar, Siswa, Abad 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 579, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Lembaga pendidikan sebagai sentral pembelajaran memiliki peran dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) terutama untuk peserta didik di pendidikan dasar agar mereka mampu bersaing di era globalisasi. Satu-satunya wadah yang dapat dipandang dan memiliki peranan inti dalam mengembangkan SDM adalah pendidikan, baik itu pendidikan formal maupun non formal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Pengembangan Keterampilan Belajar Abad 21 di Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "216 | MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Perkembangan jaman menuntut para guru dan peserta didik untuk senantiasa dapat beradaptasi dengan, kecanggihan teknologi. Sebab dengan adanya keahlian di bidang ilmu pengetahuan teknologi elektronik dan komunakasi (IPTEK) yang memadai maka besar kemungkinan generasi akan dapat bertahan dalam menghadapi arus kehidupan yang serba canggih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 442, "height": 352, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Guru sebagai lokomotif peggerak dunia pendidikan harus mampu menguasai literasi teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi agar peserta didik tidak gagap teknologi (gaptek). Guru dalam hal ini harus mampu menunjukan kapasitasnya sebagai seorang pendidik, artinya tidak sekedar meberikan catatan di atas kertas melainkan harus faham tentang perkembangan teknologi sebab literasi ini sangat penting untuk diajarkan kepada peserta agar mereka memiliki kecakapan teknologi, sikap kritis, dan menelaah informasi dengan baik. Di era ini banyak sekali informasi yang beredar, dan bahkan tidak sedikit informasi-informasi hoaks yang beredar di medsos. Hal semacam ini menjadi kekhawatiran para guru dan orang tua, Jika peserta didik tidak memiliki literasi informasi dan nalar kritis yang baik maka mereka akan “termakan” oleh isu-isu yang menyesatkan sehingga dapat membahayakan diri mereka dan masyarakat pada umumnya. pada aspek lain berkaitan dengan literasi teknologi, siswa harus mampu menggunakan dengan baik, bijak, dan teliti agar tidak menyalahgunakan dalam hal-hal yang negatif. 1 Selain menguasai Iptek, guru juga harus mampu membekali peserta didik dengan keterampilan yang dibutuhkan sesuai dengan tuntutan jaman yang akan datang. Era revolusi industri merupakan era perubahan dari teknologi mekanik ke teknologi digital, mulai dari perkembangan komputer hingga lahirnya internet, dari ponsel (telepon seluler) hingga munculnya situs-situs media sosial. Kemajuan teknologi memungkinkan terjadinya otomatisasi hampir di segala bidang tak terkecuali di bidang pendidikan. Perubahan tersebut tidak dapat dihindari oleh kalangan masyarakat, perkembangan iptek bagaikan gelombang sunami dan tidak dapat dibendung oleh kalangan manapu, tidak memandang masyarakat kalangan bawah, teratas, tertinggal, terdalam, namu perkembangan ini terus menjalar sampai pada tingkat lokal pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Eggen dan Kauchak mengemukakan bahwa melek (literasi) teknologi telah menjadi keahlian dasar yang sangat penting setelah membaca, menulis dan berhitung. 2 Pendidikan harus mampu menguatkan kompetensi dan keterampilan yang memadai agar peserta didik dapat berpartisipasi dalam masyarakat dan kesejahteraan hidupnya. 3 Dengan kemampuan itu generasi tidak tertinggal jauh dari perkembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 599, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "1 Winda Marlina, Dhitsaha Jayanti, 4C dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, (Prosiding Sendika: Vol 5, No 1, 2019), hlm 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "2 Eggen dan Kauchak, Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran , (Mengajarkan Konten dan Keterampilan Berpikir, Edisi 6, 2012). Jakarta: Indeks. hlm. 27", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "3 Etistika Yuni, Dwi Agus, Transformasi pendidikan abad 21 sebagai tuntutan Pengembangan sumber daya manusia di era global, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika 2016 , hlm 11", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 367, "top": 36, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hermansyah, Muslim, Ikhlas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 694, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021 | 217", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "globalisasi dan salah satu cara yang efektif untuk menangkalnya yaitu lewat transformasi dan keaktifan seorang guru dalam mengembangkan teknik dan model belajar yang lebih menekankan pada peningkatkan kompetensi peserta didik dan memberikan pemahaman tentang pentingnya keterampilan hidup (life skill) termasuk kompetensi-kompetesi lain yang dibutuhkan di abad 21.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 173, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 187, "width": 444, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitan kepustakaan ( Library Research ), yaitu serangkaian penelitian yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, atau penelitian yang digali melalui beragam informasi kepustakaan seperti buku, ensiklopedi, jurnal ilmiah, koran, majalah, penelitian terdahulu dan dokumen. 4 Penelusuran pustaka ini dibatasi pada pembahasan tertentu dalam rangka untuk memperoleh data penelitian. fokus riset pustaka ini yaitu pada pengkajian dan analisis terhadap berbagai literatur yang memiliki hubungan dengan tema penelitian dan diakhiri dengan penarikan kesimpulan sebagai hasil temuan dalam penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 328, "width": 145, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 442, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Pengembangan keterampilan yang dimaksud dalam tulisan ini yaitu penguatan tentang proses, dan kurikulum yang digunakan oleh seorang guru atau pendidik dalam menumbuhkan keterampilan ( skill ) siswa agar peserta didik dapat memiliki kapasitas keilmuan yang baik. kegiatan pembelajaran tidak selalu berarti penambahan jam belajar dan pemberian materi, tetapi lebih dari itu yakni pengembangkan soft skill untuk membekali peserta didik di masa mendatang, karena dengan modal soft skill yang dipraktekkan setiap hari melalui tugas-tugas proyek sederhana yang diberikan oleh guru, peserta didik diharapkan makin siap dan tangguh dalam menghadapi masalah yang ditemukan di masyarakat maupun diinternal keluarganya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 469, "width": 442, "height": 168, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Pengembangan keterampilan siswa merupakan salah satu tujuan sekolah yang sangan urgen, karena melihat prospek kedepan yang semakin maju di segala bidang, baik aspek pendidikan, ekonomi, komunikasi, dan politik, bahwa siswa dituntut untuk benar-benar memiliki berbagai kemampuan terutama keterampilan dibidang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, sebab iptek merupakan otak informasi di era digital, melihat perkembangan dunia sekarang sangat mempengaruhi keidupan manusia, dulu guru mengajarkan siswa dengan menggunkan papan dan kapur sebagai media belajar, sekarang sudah berubah yaitu guru sudah bisa menggunakan leptop, hp, Lcd bahkan aplikasi sebagai media pembelajaran. Jaman dulu kalau kita mau tanya kabar sahabat, keluarga, kolegal kita mesti menggunakan surat dan dikirim lewat pos, sekarang sudah mengalami pergesaran dari yang konvesional ke digital, dalam waktu beberapa menit kita sudah tau kabar dan informasi dari keluarga maupun orang lain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 411, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "4 Nana Syaodih, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan , (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2009), hlm. 52", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Pengembangan Keterampilan Belajar Abad 21 di Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "218 | MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "tanpa harus menunggu berhari-hari yaitu dengan menggunakan telpon seluler/ android yang dilengkapi dengan beberapa aplikasi seperti whatssap, instagram, facebook, twiter dan lain-lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 442, "height": 183, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Kemampuan literasi teknologi dapat tercapai tentu membutuhkan peran pendidikan sebagai lembaga formal maupun non formal agar dapat meningkatkan taraf kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Menghadapi perubahan era reformasi serta proses globalisasi diperlukan suatu visi dan pembelajaran yang terarah, terutama dalam proses pembelajaran yakni harus berpusat pada siswa ( student center ) agar mereka dapat mengkonstruksi ide dan pengalaman sebelumnya sehingga dapat terkoneksi dengan apa yang sedang mereka pelajari dan menghubungkan dengan pengalamannya. Sebagai upaya untuk merespon miskinnya keterampilan dan ketertinggalan kita tentang perkembangan iptek yang pesat maka diperlukan langkah strategis terutama dalam dunia pendidikan yaitu perlunya pengembangan pembelajaran berbasis kompetensi dan keterampilan agar generasi di abad 21 mampu membendung arus globalisasi dengan basis keterampilan yang mereka peroleh dari hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 445, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Pengembangan kurikulum belajar menjadi hal yang sangat urgen guna menyesuaikan dengan target yang akan dicapai oleh peserta didik. Proses pembelajaran harus terarah dan memiliki visi yang jelas. Contoh: seorang anak diajarkan tentang tema akhlak mulia, tujuan belajarnya tidak sekedar mereka tau dan hafal tentang penegertian akhlak dan macam-macam akhlak, melainkan lebih dari itu yakni harus menjadi habit dan direalisasikan dalam kehidupan nyata, begitupun dengan pembelajaran yang lain termasuk tentang kecakapan hidup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 426, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Keterampilan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 441, "width": 442, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) versi online, keterampilan berasal dari kata “terampil” yang berarti cakap dalam menyelesaikan tugas, mampu dan cekatan, sedangkan keterampilan adalah kecakapan untuk menyelesaikan tugas. Soemardjan berpendapat bahwa keterampilan merupakan kepandaian melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan cepat dan tepat, dalam hal ini ruang lingkup keterampilan sangat luas yang melingkupi berbagai kegiatan antara lain, perbuatan, berpikir, berbicara, melihat, dan mendengar. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 539, "width": 442, "height": 84, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Sejalan dengan hal tersebut Tri Budiharto, mengungkapkan bahwa keterampilan berasal dari kata dasar “terampil” yang mendapat imbuhan “ke” dan akhiran “an” yang merujuk kepada kata sifat. Terampil sendiri memiliki arti kemampuan bertindak dengan cepat dan tepat. Istilah lain dari terampil adalah cekatan dalam mengerjakan sesuatu. keterampilan juga dapat disebut kecakapan, dan kemampuan untuk mengerjakan sesuatu dengan baik. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 415, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "5 Soemardjan, Pendidikan Keterampilan , (Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang Press, 2002), hlm 23.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 657, "width": 343, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "6 Tri Budiharto, Pendidikan Keterampilan , (Surakarta: UNS Press, 2008), hlm 1-2.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 367, "top": 36, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hermansyah, Muslim, Ikhlas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 694, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021 | 219", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Adapun tujuan utama dari pembelajaran abad ke-21 adalah membangun kemampuan belajar individu dan mendukung perkembangan siswa menjadi pembelajar sepanjang hayat, aktif, dan pembelajar yang mandiri, oleh karena itu guru merupakan pelatih pembelajaran dan fasilitator yang memiliki keterampilan yang baik dan menguasai teknologi, sehingga guru bisa mentransfer kepada peserta didiknya. Menjadi guru di tengah perubahan tidak cukup hanya dengan peningkatan profesionalisme yang ditandai dengan sertifikasi dan tunjangan profesi, kehadiran dan jumlah jam mengajar di kelas, namun harus dilakukan reframing rancangan pendidikan dan pembelajaran yang komprehensif, baik dari aspek lingkungan belajar, yakni ruang kelas yang mendukung proses pembelajaran, serta desain pembelajaran yang mudah dipahami serta menyenakan. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 243, "width": 442, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Keterampilan di sini adalah kemampuan siswa dalam memainkan peran atau membuat dan menciptakan karya yang bisa diterima orang lain. Keterampilan dalam membuat atau mewujudkan sesuatu, baik bersifat materi maupun nonmateri, sehingga bisa menjadi modal dalam mencapai tujuan di era revolusi industri 4.0. kemampuan dapat mewujudkan sesuatu apapun bentuknya dan bisa menjadi modal bagi seseorang untuk mencapai sebuah impian. 8 Orang yang mempunyai kemampuan lebih, biasanya mereka mampu mengolah suatu masalah menjadi peluang untuk kesuksesan dan peluang dijadikan sebagai kesempatan untuk berkreasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 356, "width": 443, "height": 169, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Keterampilan dapat pula menyangkut intelektual ( intellectual skill ). Salah satu tujuan yang diharapkan dalam pembelajaran adalah keterampilan intelektual. Intelektual merupakan jenis kemampuan siswa untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya melalui syimbol atau konsep yang dimiliki setelah peroses pembelajaran sebagai penerapan atau refleksi hasil belajar. 9 Keterampilan pada hakikatnya adalah suatu pengelolaan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berfokus pada pelibatan siswa secara aktif dan kreatif dalam proses pemerolehan hasil belajar. Pendekatan keterampilan ini dipandang sebagai pendekatan yang paling sesuai dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran di sekolah dalam rangka menghadapi perkembangan teknologi yang semakin cepat dewasa ini, dalam hal ini guru dapat menerapkan pendekatan belajar Inqiry-discovery yaitu suatu kegiatan penyelidikan untuk menemukan suatu konsep pemahaman. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 565, "width": 441, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "7 Dede Rasyada, Madrasah dan Profesionalisme Guru, (Dalam Arus Dinamika Pendidikan Islam Di Era Otonomi Daerah), (Jakarta: Penerbit, Kencana 2017). hlm 295.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 588, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "8 Muhamad Nurul Ibad, Suluk Jalan Terabas Gus Miek , Cet; I, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pesantren, 2007), hlm. 125-126.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 441, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "9 Suprihatiningsih, Perspektif Manajemen Pembelajaran Program Keterampilan , Cet; I, (Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2016), hlm.1.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 635, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "10 Hikmawati, Dalam Jurnal Publikasi Pendidikan Yang Berjudul, Penggunaan Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pesawat Sederhana Siswa di Kelas V Sdn 51 Lambari , Publikasi, Volume II No.1 Februari-Mei 2012, hlm. 46.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Pengembangan Keterampilan Belajar Abad 21 di Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "220 | MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Sund & Trowbridge (1973), menyatakan bahwa discovery when an individual is involue mainly in using his mental prosses to mediate (discover) some consept or prinsiple. Proses penemuan yang terjadi ketika siswa terlibat dalam proses kegiatan menemukan suatu konsep ataupun prinsip. 11 Kata discovery dikaitkan dengan kata inquiry sehingga akan tersirat makna yang sama, yaitu suatu kegiatan penyelidikan untuk menemukan suatu konsep pemahaman yang dilakukan (keterlibatan) sendiri oleh siswa. Siswa didorong untuk memiliki pengalaman dan melakukan percobaan yang memungkinkan mereka untuk menemukan prinsip-prinsip atau jawaban lewat percobaan ( trial and error) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 215, "width": 442, "height": 155, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Dari beberapa definisi keterampilan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan adalah kelebihan atau kecakapan yang dimiliki oleh seseorang agar mampu menggunakan akal, ide, fikiran, dan kreatifitasnya dalam mengerjakan, mengubah, menyelesaikan, ataupun membuat sesuatu menjadi lebih bermakna sehingga menghasilkan sebuah nilai dari hasil pekerjaan tersebut. Keterampilan pada dasarnya akan lebih baik bila terus diasah dan dilatih untuk meningkatkan kemampuan, sehingga siswa mahir dan ahli terhadap bidang tertentu. karena menjadi seorang yang terampil harus memiliki keahlian khusus pada bidang tertentu atau lebih, seseorang haruslah dilatih melalui belajar dengan tekun supaya dapat menguasai bidang tersebut dan dapat memahami serta mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan atau tempat mereka bekerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Keterampilan belajar abad 21", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 398, "width": 442, "height": 197, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Dennis dan Van Roekel, presiden asosiasi menjelaskan bahwa berdasarkan hasil beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan di USA dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir, menunjukan bahwa kehidupan manusia di dunia sekarang ini sangat kompleks dibanding dengan 50 tahun yang lalu, karena mobilitas antara negara yang dilakukan masyarakat saat ini, interaksi sosial yang semakin mengglobal, komuniaksi sosial lintas negara, bangsa, budaya dan agama dengan menggunakan media virtual yang sangat cepat, formasi pekerjaan yang terbuka sangat lebar dalam berbagai variasi informasi yang sangat dinamis. 12 Berbagai tantangan dalam dunia kerja yang sudah tidak memerlukan para pekerja untuk menyelesaikannya sebab semuanya sudah model online yang sudah diprogram secara khusus bahkan sudah ada robot buatan sebagai pengganti manusia. Oleh karena itulah para siswa harus dipersiapkan keterampilan guna menciptakan dunia kerjanya sendiri sebagai sumber penghasilan, agar itu tercapai maka siswa harus dibekali dengan kompetensi yang disebut 4C, adapun kemampuan itu dapat divisualisasikan dalam gambar sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "11 Sound dan Trowbridge, Teaching Science by Inquiry in the Secondary School . (Ohio: Charles E. Merril Publishing Company, 1973), hlm 62.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 441, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "12 Dennis Van Roekel, Preparing 21st Century Student For a Global Society, an Educator,s Guide to the Four Cs. USJA : Nasional Education Association, tahun 2012. hlm 5.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 367, "top": 36, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hermansyah, Muslim, Ikhlas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 694, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021 | 221", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 191, "top": 215, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Gambar: Kompetensi Siswa Abad 21", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 229, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "1. Critical Thinking", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 243, "width": 424, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Untuk menjelaskan kemampuan critcal thinking (berpikir kritis) penulis meminjam pandangan Emily. R. Lai, bahwa emil menjelaskan tentang berpikir kritis ini dalam dua sudut pandang yaitu secara filosofi dan psikologi. Menurut cara pandang yang pertama, berpikir kritis diartikan sebagai “cara berpikir yang bertujuan, berbasis regulasi, teori, konsep dan hasil analisis terhadap data, serta menggukan berbagai kriterian yang jelas dan terukur”. Sementara dalam pandangan psikologis, critcal thinking sering dimaknai dengan “penggunaan keterampilan atau strategi kognitif untuk meningkatkan probabilitas pencapaian outcome yang diharapkan”. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 370, "width": 424, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Kompetensi ini sangat penting untuk diajarkan pada siswa terutama di pendidikan dasar sebab di usia SD, anak-anak sangat mudah memahami karena otak seusia sekolah dasar masih belum terisi oleh banyak informasi sehingga mereka mudah menyerap apa yang telah diajarkan oleh guru di sekolah. Targetnya adalah anak sudah mampu menyampaikan argumen, mampu berpikir sistematis dan mampu merumuskan kesimpulan serta mampu menyelesaikan masalah secara efektif. Guru dapat menerapkan proses belajar dengan strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah (Problem Based Learning) , agar siswa terlatih untuk memikirkan solusi dalam menyesaikan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 97, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "2. Communication", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 525, "width": 424, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Komunikasi adalah kunci sukses dalam hal apapun, jika komunikasi seseorang itu baik, penggunaan diksinya baik, mudah dipahami, pesanya singkat, jelas dan sesuai dengan outcome yang diharapkan maka dapat meyakinkan penerima pesan atau lawan bicara. Kompetensi komunikasi yang baik akan mempengaruhi penerima informasi untuk mengikuti atau setidaknya tidak melakukan penolakan terhadap informasi tersebut. Kompetensi ini menjadi penting karena dalam bisnis apapun, dalam profesi apapun, komunikasi merupakan salah satu bagian yang sangat vital yang tidak dapat terpisahkan dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 385, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "13 Emily R. Lai, Critical Tinking : A literatur Review. Research Report, Pearson, 2011. hlm. 6", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Pengembangan Keterampilan Belajar Abad 21 di Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "222 | MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 89, "width": 424, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "dinamika sosial. Komunikasi merupakan proses penyampaian informasi kepada orang lain baik secara langsung face to face maupun via telepon seluler secara lisan atau sejenisnya. Karena komunikasi secara lisan adalah sangat penting, maka perlu ditumbuh kembangkan sejak dini kepada peserta didi kemudian Komunikasi tulisan juga diperlukan sebab ini merupakan kecakapan bagaimana cara menyampaikan pesan secara tertulis dengan pilihan kalimat, kata-kata, tata bahasa, dan aturan lainnya agar mudah dipahami orang lain atau pembaca. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 187, "width": 424, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Kompetensi komunikasi ini tidak ada dalam mata melajaran. Guru hanya bisa selipkan pada setiap mata pelajaran untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada siswa untuk bertanya, berargumen dan berdiskusi, karena hanya lewat pemebalajaran seperti ini guru dapat melatih dan mengasah kemampuan komunikasi anak. Oleh sebab itu, pembinaan kompetesi komunikasi juga menjadi mandat dalam proses pembelajaran pada semua mata pelajaran, karena peluang untuk mengembangka komunkasi anak hanya lewat proses pembalajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 286, "width": 424, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Orientasi dari pengembangan kompotensi komunikasi di sekolah dasar adalah agar siswa dapat memiliki kemampuan dalam membangun hubungan yang baik, dengan keluarga sekolah maupun keluarga di rumah bahkan dengan teman bergaulnya. Anak diharapkan dapat menggunakan bahasa-bahasa yang sopan, halus, dan mudah dimengerti oleh lawan bicaranya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 356, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "3. Collaboration", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 370, "width": 424, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Dalam berbagai pekerjaan seperti perusahaan sering kali melakukan hubungan kerja sama, apakah dengan membentuk konsorium untuk melakukan proyek yang sangat besar, atau hanya dengan mengembangkan kerja sama dengan saling membantu antara satu dengan yang lain dalam menyelesaikan sebuah pekerjaan atau melakukan kerja sama dalam mengembangkan bisnis antara produsen, distributor dan pemasaran. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 455, "width": 425, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Kolaborasi tiada lain adalah kerja sama dengan melakukan pertukaran informasi, mengembangkan berbagai pilihan kegiatan dan pekerjaan bersama, melakukan sharing sumber daya, meningkatkan kapasitas dari masing-masing organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama, dan dikembangkan melalui jejaring kerja, koordinasi dan kooperasi antar institusi, dan organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 525, "width": 424, "height": 84, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Guru dalam mengembangkan kompetensi kolaborasi anak dapat dilakukan dengan banyak cara, salah satunya yaitu lewat pembelajaran kooperatif. Arends, menyatakan bahwa the kooperatif learning model was developed to achieve at least three important instructional goals: academica achievement, acceptance of diversity, and sosial skill development, yang masksudnya adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif yang dikembangkan untuk mencapai sekurang-kurang tiga tujuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 394, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "14 Sofyan S. Willis, Problema Remaja dan Pemecahannya , (Bandung: Angkasa, 1981), hlm. 16.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 657, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "15 Dede Rasyada, Madrasah. hlm. 303", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 367, "top": 36, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hermansyah, Muslim, Ikhlas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 694, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021 | 223", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 89, "top": 89, "width": 424, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "pembelajaran penting, yaitu hasil belajar akademik, penerimaan terhadap perbedaan individu, dan pengembagan keterampilan sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 117, "width": 424, "height": 140, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Pertama hasil belajar akademik memberikan keuntunga lebih pada siswa kelompok yang cepat menyelesaikan tugas kelompok secara bersama, kemudian kelompok yang cepat selesai akan menjadi mentor untuk membantu kelompok lain dalam menyesaikan tugasnya. Untuk siswa kelompok yang jadi mentor tadi mendapatkan peningkatan nilai akademis karena sudah menjadi mentor pagi kelompok lain. Kedua pembelajaran kooperatif menyajikan peluang bagi siswa dari berbagai latar belakang dan kondisi, untuk bekerja dan saling bergantung antara satu dengan yang lain atas dalam menyelesaikan tugas bersama. Ketiga pembelajaran kooperatif mengajarkan kepada siswa keterampilan bekerja sama dan kolaborasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 258, "width": 424, "height": 126, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas dapat kita tarik benang merahnya bahwa kompetensi kolaborasi bagi siswa sangat penting. Guru sebagai fasilitator harus mampu mendesai strategi pembelajaran kooperatif guna menumbuhkan kesadaran siswa untuk dapat melatih diri berhungan dengan orang lain sehingga prospek kedepan siswa sudah bisa membangun jejaring sendiri dengan kompetensi yang sudah diajarkan oleh guru di sekolah. Kecakapan dan kemampuan seperti inilah yang dibutuhkan kedepan, contoh kongkritnya dapat kita lihat di syarat-syarat penerima kariyawan, salah satu poinya adalah mampu bekerja sama dengan tim serta dapat membangun komunikasi yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 148, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "4. Creativity and Innovation", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 398, "width": 424, "height": 127, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Sebagian orang memandang bahwa kreativitas adalah bawaan sejak lahir, dengan demikian hanya sedikit saja orang yang kreatif di dunia ini karena menganggap bahwa kreatifitas itu potensi bawaan. Akan tetapi para ahli pendidikan tidak mempercayai hal itu, sehingga sampai sekarang masih dirancang bagaimana mempersiapkan anak-anak bangsa yang kreatif melalui proses pendidikan. Kreatif sendiri bermakna kemampuan untuk melahirkan sebuah gagasan, atau konsep baru untuk menyelesaikan sebuah masalah, atau disisi lain yaitu kemampuan untuk melahirkan prototype baru dalam menciptakan sebuah produk baru yang akan dihasilkan. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 525, "width": 424, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Pengertian di atas menyiratkan empat kriteria yang dimiliki oleh seseorang baru bisa dikatakan orang kreatif. Pertama kemampuan berpikir divergen yang bisa memberikan solusi berbeda dari yang lain tentang sebuah masalah. Kedua memiliki ilmu yang mumpuni dan disertai pengalaman sebelumnya. Ketiga memiliki kemampuan untuk berkomunikasi sehingga kita bisa bertukar informasi dengan rekan kerja atau bisnis. Keempat memiliki kapasitas dalam berpikir krits dan memiliki kemampuan analisis yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "16 Dede Rasyada, Madrasah, hlm. 305", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Pengembangan Keterampilan Belajar Abad 21 di Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "224 | MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 89, "width": 424, "height": 140, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Untuk melahirkan siswa yang kreatif diperlukan atmosfer madrasah yang mendukung seperti sarana prasarana, ruang lingkup yang ramah dan nyaman, bimbingan yang efektif, kemudian guru yang memiliki kompetensi, pekerja keras dan komitmen. Dengan demikian maka tidak diperdebatkan lagi bahwa kreativitas itu dibentuk dan bukan bawaan sejak lahir. Kreativitas selalu berdampigan dengan inovasi, karena keduanya hampir sama, bahwa kreativitas selalu menuntut adanya pemikiran baru, gagasan baru untuk menyesesaikan masalah. Dalam proses berpikir kreatif ada fase yang dilewati untuk melahirkan sebuah formulasi baru, dan ada proses implementasi formulasi tersebut agar bisa digunakan dalam penyelesaian problem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 229, "width": 424, "height": 127, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Sementara inovasi adalah cara baru dalam mengoperasikan formula baru tersebut. Oleh karena demikian, inovasi selalu datang setelah lahir karya-karya kreatif, hanya saja kreativitas tidak diakui sebagai sebuah karya kreatif kalau belum ada bukti produk baru dan model baru yang benar-benar distingtif dan membawa perubahan, sehingga ada juga definisi kreativitas itu adalah “ bringing imagination in to being ” kesimpulan tersebut sejalan dengan teori yang dikembangakan oleh Dennis Van Roekel, yang menurutnya hubungan antara kreativitas dan inovasi terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu, berpikir kreatif, bekerja kreatif dan melaksanakan pekerjaan dengan inovasi baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 356, "width": 424, "height": 113, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Selain beberapa kompetensi yang dijelaskan di atas, guru juga harus membekali peserta didik dengan karakter Islamik. Sebab empat kompetensi itu tanpa diimbangin dengan nilai-nilai keislaman maka anak akan cenderung bebas dan melampaui batas dalam bertinfak. Tidak sedikit kasus pelecehan, korupsi, pembunuhan, jambret dan lain-lain. Pelakunya sebagian besar adalah orang terpelajar dan sebagiannya orang yang tidak berpendidikan. Sebagai langkah preventif yang harus dilakukan oleh guru dan orang tua adalah mengokohkan sikap anak-anak dengan karakter yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 469, "width": 424, "height": 197, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Nilai-nilai yang dimaksud itu merupakan cerminan kepribadian Rasul utusan allah yaitu, Nabi Muhammad SAW, adapun kepribadian itu, pertama , adalah kecerdasan, baik itu cerdas secara intelektual maupun spritual. Kedua yaitu sikap jujur. Anak yang ditanamkan nilai kejujuran dari sejak kecil maka sampai dia dewasa nanti akan senantiasa menjadi standar dalam melakukan sesuatu maupu dalam memutuskan perkara, karena hal itu sudah jelas bernilai positif, baik bagi orang lain maupun bagi pribadi siswa. Ketiga adalah amanah, peserta didik sebagai generasi pelanjut estafet kepemimpinan dan pelanjut dakwa risalah islam harus ditanamkan sikap amanah, hal itu bisa dimulai dari hal-hal yang kecil di sekolah, seperti kumpul tugas tepat waktu, melaksanakan piket kelas dan lain-lain. Keempat adalah adil, perkara adil ini sangat urgen untuk dibiasakan bagi peserta didik. Guru dalam menumbuhkan sikap adil terhadap peserta didik harus dengan keteladanan terutama dalam meberika nilai tugas siswa dan masih banyak contoh-contoh kongrit lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 367, "top": 36, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hermansyah, Muslim, Ikhlas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 694, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021 | 225", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 103, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 442, "height": 126, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Dari hasil pembahasan dan analisis di atas maka penulis menarik kesimpulan menjadi beberapa poin. Pengembangan keterampilan siswa merupakan salah satu tujuan sekolah yang sangan urgen, karena melihat prospek ke depan yang semakin maju di segala bidang, baik aspek pendidikan, ekonomi, komunikasi, dan politik, bahwa siswa dituntut untuk benar-benar memiliki berbagai kemampuan terutama keterampilan dibidang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, sebab Iptek merupakan otak informasi di era digital. Guru sebagai pengendali proses belajar mengajar harus mampu mendesai tema, model dan strategi belajar yang menarik, sehingga tujuan belajar benar-benar dapat dipahami oleh peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 243, "width": 442, "height": 141, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Basis pembelajaran ditekankan pada proses pembentukan dan pengembangan kompetensi peserta didik sebagaimana tuntutan kebutuhan abad 21. Sehingga outputnya dapat dialami langsung oleh peserta didik setelah tamat sekolahnya. Kompetensi critical thinking, collaboration, kommunication dan kreatif-inavation, menjadi target akhir bagi para guru setelah terpenuhinya kurikulum pembelajan, hal ini agar anak didik mampu bersaing di tengah arus globalisai. Selain itu guru juga harus menanamkan nilai-nilai dasar islam untuk mengimbangi kemampuan anak, seperti kecerdasan, kejujuran, amanah, dan adil. Sikap ini menjadi perekat bagi peserta didik setelah tamatnya nanti bahkan sampai mereka mendapat pekerjaan. Pemahaman agama yang baik akan menjadi pengendali segala perbuatan peserta didik kedepan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 398, "width": 105, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 412, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Winda Marlina, Dhitsaha Jayanti, 2019. 4C dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, (Prosiding Sendika: Vol 5, No 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 440, "width": 442, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Eggen dan Kauchak, 2012, Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran , (Mengajarkan Konten dan Keterampilan Berpikir, Edisi 6,). Jakarta: Indeks Etistika Yuni, Dwi Agus, 2016, Transformasi Pendidikan Abad 21 sebagai Tuntutan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia di Era Global, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 442, "height": 98, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Nana Syaodih, 2009, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan , Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya Soemardjan, 2002, Pendidikan Keterampilan , Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang Press, Tri Budiharto, 2008, Pendidikan Keterampilan , Surakarta: UNS Press, Rasyada, Dede, 2017, Madrasah dan Profesionalisme Guru, (Dalam Arus Dinamika Pendidikan Islam Di Era Otonomi Daerah), Jakarta: Penerbit, Kencana Ibad, Nurul, Muhamad, 2007, Suluk Jalan Terabas Gus Miek , Cet; I. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pesantren", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 609, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Suprihatiningsih, 2016, Perspektif Manajemen Pembelajaran Program Keterampilan , Cet; I. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Urgensi Pengembangan Keterampilan Belajar Abad 21 di Pendidikan Dasar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 284, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "226 | MODELING, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Hikmawati, 2012, Jurnal Publikasi Pendidikan Yang Berjudul, Penggunaan Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pesawat Sederhana Siswa di Kelas V Sdn 51 Lambari , Publikasi, Volume II No.1 Sound dan Trowbridge, 1973, Teaching Science by Inquiry in The Secondary School . Ohio: Charles E. Merril Publishing Company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "Van, Roekel, Dennis, 2012, Preparing 21st Century Student for a Global Society, an Educator’s Guide to the Four Cs. USJA : Nasional Education Association.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 187, "width": 422, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 581, "page_height": 779, "text": "R. Lai, Emily, 2011, Critical Tinking : A literatur Review. Research Report, Pearson, Sofyan S. Willis, 1981, Problema Remaja dan Pemecahannya , Bandung: Angkasa.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wibowo, S, dkk", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 49, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Dosis Urea dan Umur Defoliasi Pertama…….", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 72, "width": 436, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH DOSIS UREA DAN UMUR DEFOLIASI PERTAMA TERHADAP JUMLAH ANAKAN, PANJANG DAUN DAN BOBOT SEGAR RUMPUT GAJAH (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. ) PADA TANAH LATOSOL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 80, "top": 110, "width": 438, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( The Effect of Urea Dose and First Defoliation Age on Buds Amount, Lenght Leaves and Fresh Weight of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) in Latosol Soil)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 159, "width": 334, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wibowo, S. 1 dan Latifudin, D. 2 1 Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya 2 Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 198, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 223, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima : 25/02/2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 223, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disetujui : 30/08/2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 271, "top": 249, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 268, "width": 457, "height": 202, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis urea dan umur defoliasi pertama terhadap jumlah anakan, panjang daun dan bobot segar rumput gajah telah dilakukan pada tanah latosol (pH 4,5-5,5) di Kecamatan Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial 3x3 dengan 3 blok ulangan. Faktor perlakuan pertama yakni tiga dosis urea (175, 200 dan 225 kgha -1 ) dan faktor perlakuan kedua yakni tiga umur defoliasi pertama (40, 50 dan 60 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya faktor tunggal umur defoliasi pertama yang berpengaruh terhadap jumlah anakan dan bobot segar rumput gajah, namun terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dari interaksi dosis urea dengan umur defoliasi pertama terhadap panjang daun rumput gajah. Jumlah anakan rumput gajah umur defoliasi 60 hari sangat nyata lebih tinggi (8,48) dibandingkan dengan defoliasi 50 hari (5,74) dan 40 hari (4,48). Panjang daun rumput gajah tertinggi diperoleh dari hasil interaksi pemberian 175 kgha -1 urea dengan umur defoliasi 60 hari (46,68 cm), diikuti berturut- turut dengan 200 kgha -1 urea dengan defoliasi 60 hari (44,96 cm), 225 kgha -1 urea dengan defoliasi 50 hari (43,57 cm), 200 kgha -1 urea dengan defoliasi 40 hari (38,79 cm), 225 kgha -1 urea dengan defoliasi 60 hari (37,73 cm) dan 175 kgha -1 urea dengan defoliasi 50 hari (37,32 cm). Bobot segar rumput gajah pada umur defoliasi 60 hari (163,92 gm -2 ) nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan defoliasi 50 hari (102,45 gm -2 ) dan 40 hari (28,98 gm -2 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 482, "width": 228, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : Urea, defoliasi, rumput gajah, latosol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 520, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 457, "height": 203, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Study which mean to knowed the effect of urea dose and age of first defoliation on amount of buds, leaves length and freshweight of elephant grass have done in latosol soil in Jatinangor District, Sumedang Residence, West Java. The research made randomized block design with 3x3 factorial pattern with three repetition. First treatment factor was three doses of urea (175, 200 and 225 kgha -1 ) and the second was first age of defoliation (40, 50 and 60 days). SP-36 and KCl fertilizers was given 100 kgha -1 respectively, without given compose fertilizer and lime. The research was showed only single factor that first defoliation age which influenced on amount of buds and freshweight of the grass, but there was influenced interaction of urea dose with first defoliation age on the length leaves significantly. Amount of the buds in 60 days defoliation age (8,48) was higher than 50 days (5,74) and 40 days (4,48) highly significantly. The highest of the grass length leaves were found from interaction of 175 kgha -1 urea with 60 days defoliation age (46,68 cm) followed 200 kgha -1 urea with 60 days defoliation (44,96 cm), 225 kgha -1 urea with 50 days defoliation (43,57 cm), 200 kgha -1 urea with 40 days age (38,79 cm), 225 kgha -1 urea with 60 days age (37,73 cm) and 175 kgha -1 urea with 50 days (37,32 cm). The grass freshweight on 60 days first defoliation age (163,92 gm -2 ) higher than the 50 days (102,45 gm -2 ) and 40 hari (28,98 gm -2 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 754, "width": 237, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Urea, defoliation, elephant grass, latosol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal AGRI PEAT, Vol. 22 No. 2, September 2021 :106-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 49, "width": 89, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN :1411 – 6782 (Cetak) 2620-6935 (Elektronik)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 84, "width": 88, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 109, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produktivitas ternak ruminansia", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 122, "width": 217, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ditentukan oleh jumlah hijauan pakan yang tersedia dan nilai gizi hijauan tersebut. Rumput gajah telah dikenal sebagai rumput unggul pakan ternak ruminansia, yang berasal dari Afrika Tropik. Menurut Al Kurnia (2014), rumput gajah ( elephant grasss ) disebut juga dengan rumput Napier atau rumput Uganda. Pertumbuhan rumput ini relatif cepat dan perakarannya dapat menahan erosi (Mufarihin et al ., 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 214, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Reksohadiprodjo (1994), produktivitas rumput gajah varietas Schumacher dan Thonn akan baik di musim hujan dan kemarau jika kebutuhan hara, terutama nitrogen, kalsium, kalium dan fosfor memadai. Untuk berproduksi maksimum rumput ini perlu unsur N dan K yang lebih banyak. Sedangkan kesuburan tanah yang menjadi acuannya merupakan kemampuan tanah menyediakan unsur hara dalam jumlah yang cukup dan seimbang bagi pertumbuhan suatu jenis tanaman tertentu (Subagyo, 1980 dan Susetyo, 1980).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 217, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di lain pihak tanah mineral latosol cukup banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Kartasapoetra et al . (2005) menyatakan, bahwa tanah latosol berwarna merah jingga hingga kuning coklat, diakibatkan oleh kandungan ferum yang tinggi yang bereaksi dengan oksigen, dengan demikian tanah latosol tidak terlalu tinggi kandungan bahan organiknya, karena semakin gelap warna tanah, makin tinggi kandungan bahan organiknya. Kadar aluminium (Al) dan besi (Fe) yang relatif tinggi dan kadar seskuioksida yang tinggi pada tanah latosol menjadi faktor pembatas pertumbuhan tanaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 590, "width": 215, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumput gajah sendiri merupakan tanaman tahunan sebagai hijauan pakan ternak, yang umumnya dipanen dengan cara dipotong bagian tegakannya yang berada di atas tanah ( shoot ) untuk diberikan pada ternak atau diistilahkan engan defoliasi. Hal ini disebabkan rumput gajah bukan rumput yang layak untuk padang penggembalaan yang bisa diinjak-injak oleh ternak. Rumput gajah tumbuh tegak serupa tanaman tebu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 217, "height": 51, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Defoliasi merupakan pemotongan atau pengambilan bagian tanaman yang ada di atas permukaan tanah, baik oleh manusia maupun oleh renggutan terrnak (Seseray et al ., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 84, "width": 214, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Helmy (2018), panen pertama rumput gajah dapat dilakukan pada umur 50-60 hari setelah tanaman mencapai tinggi 1 m. Panen selanjutnya setiap 40 hari sekali pada musim hujan dan 60 hari sekali pada musim kemarau. Umur defoliasi juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas produksi rumput.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 173, "width": 217, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Reksohadiprodjo (1994), interval pemotongan rumput gajah berkisar antara 6-8 minggu dan yang terbaik 6 minggu, karena jika terlalu tua serat kasarnya semakin tinggi, sehingga kualitas pakan menurun. Pertumbuhan tanaman yang terjadi merupakan pencerminan dari bertambahnya protoplasma akibat ukuran dan jumlah sel bertambah, sehingga bertambah pula ukuran dan berat kering yang dihasilkan (Harjadi, 1996).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 299, "width": 217, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumput gajah termasuk jenis rumput yang lebih banyak memerlukan nitrogen untuk pertumbuhan dibandingkan dengan spesies rumput lainnya, terutama pada umur muda (Susetyo, 1980). Tanaman yang kekurangan N akan tumbuh kerdil, system perakarannya terbatas, daun tanaman menjadi hijau kekuningan karena pembentukan klorofil terganggu, serta daun cenderung gugur (Buckman dan Brady, 1982; Dwijoseputro, 1994).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 438, "width": 217, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nitrogen umumnya diserap oleh tumbuhan dalam bentuk ion nitrat (NO 3 - ) atau amonium (NH 4 + ). Sedangkan keterbatasan suplai nitrogen menyebabkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi rumput yang dihasilkan menjadi rendah. Menurut McIlroy (1977) dan Reksohadiprodjo (1994), di negara-negara tropis sering terjadi keterbatasan suplai nitrogen sehingga rumput sulit berproduksi, terutama akibat adanya penguapan dan pencucian unsur nitrogen tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 565, "width": 214, "height": 76, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hal di atas, maka dirasa perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh pupuk urea sebagai sumber nitrogen dan umur defoliasi pertama terhadap jumlah anakan, panjang daun dan bobot segar rumput gajah pada tanah latosol..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 654, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAHAN DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 679, "width": 214, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran, dengan jenis tanah mineral latosol dengan pH 4,5-5,5, di Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Ketinggian tempat 700 m di atas permukan laut, dengan rata-rata curah hujan 1.600 mm per tahun. Lahan dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wibowo, S, dkk", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 49, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Dosis Urea dan Umur Defoliasi Pertama…….", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 71, "width": 217, "height": 153, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bentuk miring, karena berada di lereng Gunung Manglayang dengan sudut kemiringan 15 O . Selama penelitian rata-rata suhu harian berkisar antara 23-30 O C dan kelembaban udara 62%. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3x3 dengan tiga blok ulangan.. Faktor perlakuan pertama yakni tiga dosis pemupukan urea (175, 200 dan 225 kgha -1 ) dan faktor perlakuan kedua yakni umur defoliasi pertama dari rumput gajah (40, 50 dan 60 hari). Batas bawah defoliasi yakni 20 cm di atas permukaan tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 217, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Petak bedengan percobaan dibuat sebanyak 27 buah, masing-masing seluas 1x2 m 2 dengan jarak tanam antar stek 60 cm, sedangkan jarak antar petak bedengan 0,5 m. Dalam satu bedengan hanya ada satu baris tanaman berupa tiga rumpun yang berkembang dari hasil penanaman stek, yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 312, "width": 214, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "keseluruhannya dijadikan sampel dan diambil datanya, sehingga total terdapat 81 rumpun tanaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 220, "height": 405, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini tidak memberikan pupuk dasar berupa pupuk organik (kompos), baik asal tumbuhan maupun pupuk kandang dan tidak melakukan pengapuran terhadap tanah, karena penelitian ini salah satu di antaranya juga untuk mengetahui kemampuan tanah latosol tanpa penambahan pupuk organik dan kapur terhadap pertumbuhan rumput gajah. Pupuk dasar hanya berupa TSP dan KCl, diberikan masing-masing 100 kgha- 1 pasca pengolahan tanah. Sedangkan pupuk urea diberikan sepekan pasca penanaman stek, dimana stek ditanam secara tegak (tidak miring). Karena terdapat 27 petak, maka dengan demikian tiap petak bedengan hanya mendapatkan 20 gram TSP dan 20 gram KCl, serta dosis urea sesuai perlakuan (35 gram, 40 gram ataupun 45 gram). Tiap stek yang ditanam terdiri dari 3 buku dimana buku pertama ditanam masuk ke dalam tanah. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Kushartono (1997), bahwa busuknya bibit dapat terjadi akibat penanaman yang terlalu dalam, terutama pada tanah yang sangat berat, yang pengeringannya tidak sempurna. Data penelitian ini dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analsis varian (Uji F) pada taraf nyata 5% dan 1%, jika hasilnya menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata ataupun sangat nyata, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan ( Duncan’s multiple range test ) pada taraf nyata 5% dan 1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 72, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 97, "width": 219, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis secara statistik memperlihatkan hanya faktor tunggal umur defoliasi pertama yang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah anakan rumput gajah, namun terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dari interaksi dosis urea dengan umur defoliasi pertama terhadap panjang daun rumput gajah, sedangkan terhadap bobot segar rumput gajah hanya faktor tunggal umur defoliasi pertama yang berpengaruh nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 236, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah Anakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 249, "width": 214, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah anakan rumput gajah terbanyak diperoleh dari hasil defoliasi umur 60 hari dan terendah pada umur 40 hari (Tabel 1). Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Seseray", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 312, "width": 215, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pengaruh umur defoliasi pertama terhadap jumlah anakan rumput gajah Umur Defoliasi (hari) Jumlah Anakan 40 4,48 a 50 5,74 b 60 8,48 c Keterangan : Huruf yang berbeda ke arah kolom menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P < 0,01)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 452, "width": 214, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "et al . (2013), yang mendapati rataan jumlah anakan rumput gajah umur 60 hari lebih banyak (4,25) dibandingkan dengan umur 40 dan 20 hari (berturut-turut 3,44 dan 1,75).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah anakan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini masih lebih baik dibandingkan hasil penelitian Seseray et al . (2013), karena pada penelitian ini rataan jumlah anakan rumput gajah pada defoliasi 40 hari sebanyak 4,48 dan pada defoliasi 60 hari sebanyak 8,48.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 592, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Panjang Daun", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 604, "width": 217, "height": 165, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Panjang daun rumput gajah tertinggi diperoleh dari hasil interaksi pemberian dosis urea 175 kgha -1 pada defoliasi 60 hari, diikuti berturut-turut dengan hasil pemberian dosis 200 kgha -1 pada defoliasi 60 hari, dosis urea 225 kgha -1 pada defoliasi 50 hari, dosis urea 200 kgha -1 pada defoliasi 40 hari, dosis urea 225 kgha - pada defoliasi 60 hari dan dosis urea 175 kgha -1 pada defoliasi 50 hari (Tabel 2). Pada Tabel 2 terlihat bahwa semakin tinggi umur defoliasi pertama, panjang daun rumput gajah juga semakin tinggi, namun dalam hal ini terlihat peningkatan dosis urea", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal AGRI PEAT, Vol. 22 No. 2, September 2021 :106-110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 49, "width": 89, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN :1411 – 6782 (Cetak) 2620-6935 (Elektronik)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 84, "width": 215, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Pengaruh interaksi dosis urea dengan umur defoliasi pertama terhadap panjang daun rumput gajah (cm) Umur Defoliasi (hari) Dosis Urea (kgha -1 ) 175 200 225 40 28,08 a 38,79 bcd 34,94 ab 50 37,32 bcd 36,92 abc 43,57 bcd 60 46,68 d 44,96 cd 37,73 bcd", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 225, "width": 214, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan : Huruf yang berbeda ke segala arah menunjukkan perbedan yang nyata (P < 0,05)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 275, "width": 215, "height": 228, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak terlalu meningkatkan panjang daun. Hal ini diperlihatkan dari lebih tingginya panjang daun rumput gajah yang hanya diberi 175 kgha - 1 urea pada umur pemotongan 60 hari dibandingkan dengan yang diberikan 200 dan 225 kgha -1 , meskipun belum menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Meskipun demikian kisaran rataan panjang daun rumput gajah hasil penelitian ini (28,08-46,68 cm) jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pendapat Vanis (2007) dalam Pratiwi (2018) yang mendeskripsikan panjang daun rumput gajah berkisar antara 60- 90 cm. Rumput gajah mini ( Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott.) hasil penelitian Dewi (2017) di Tulungagung, Jawa Timur pada umur 60 hari juga memiliki kisaran rataan panjang daun yang lebih tinggi (72,22-77,36)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 503, "width": 186, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumput gajah didominasi oleh daunnya,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 516, "width": 214, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "maka sebagai perbandingan juga hasil penelitian Mufarihin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 528, "width": 217, "height": 203, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "et al . (2012) memperlihatkan pemberian auksin sintetis terhadap rumput gajah yang ditanam pada tanah latosol menghasilkan rataan tinggi tanaman 61,3886 cm pada umur 6 minggu (42 hari). Dari membandingkan dengan hasil penelitian tersebut terlihat, bahwa di tanah latosol pada penelitian ini panjang daun rumput gajah yang diberi dosis urea walaupun hingga 225 kgha -1 tetap masih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tinggi tanaman rumput gajah jika diberi hormon auksin sintetis. Sedangkan Seseray et al . (2012) pada penelitian di Papua telah mendapati rataan tinggi tanaman rumput gajah umur 3 minggu (21 hari) ternyata mampu mencapai kisaran 81,78-129,24 cm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 756, "width": 60, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bobot Segar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 71, "width": 214, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bobot segar rumput gajah tertinggi diperoleh dari hasil defoliasi umur 60 hari dan terendah pada umur 40 hari (Tabel 3). Hasil ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian Seseray et al . (2013) pada lahan di Papua yang diberi dosis pupuk urea 0,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 160, "width": 215, "height": 217, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengaruh umur defoliasi pertama terhadap bobot segar rumput gajah Umur Defoliasi (hari) Bobot Segar (gm -2 ) 40 28,98 a 50 102,45 b 60 163,92 c Keterangan : Huruf yang berbeda ke arah kolom menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P < 0,05) 50 dan 100% dari 200 kg urea, 100 kg TSP dan 100 kg KCl per hektar, dengan umur defoliasi 45 hari, dimana menghasilkan bahan segar 2,21-2,87 kgm -2 (2.210-2.870 gm -2 ), sedangkan pada penelitian ini hanya diperoleh rataan bobot segar 28,98-163,92 gm -2 .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 377, "width": 214, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal tersebut di atas diduga karena derajat keasaman (pH) tanah latosol pada penelitian ini rendah (4,5-5,5). Hal ini juga didukung oleh hasil penelitian Manalu (2012), yang juga mendapati pH tanah latosol di Ciampea, Bogor hanya 4,5, dan hal ini menjadi salah satu penyebab rendahnya produktivitas tanaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 465, "width": 214, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meskipun demikian hasil penelitian Mulatsih (2003) pada tanah mineral di Semarang (pH 5,5), dengan menggunakan rumpun rumput gajah yang telah berumur 2 tahun dan telah mengalami defoliasi berulang kali menunjukkan, bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dari faktor tunggal peningkatan dosis urea (50, 100 dan 150 kgha - 1 ) dan interaksi dosis urea dengan interval defoliasi (30, 45 dan 60 hari) terhadap bobot segar rumput gajah. Sedangkan faktor tunggal interval defoliasi 60 hari sekali tetap menghasilkan bobot segar rumput gajah yang sangat nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 30 hari dan 45 hari.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 655, "width": 214, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hal ini tanah mineral latosol yang bersifat asam (pH 4,5-5,5), tanpa perlakuan pengapuran dan pemberian pupuk dasar berupa pupuk organik (kompos atau pun pupuk kandang) sulit untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil rumput gajah yang baik, walaupun dilakukan pemberian pupuk anorganik NPK.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wibowo, S, dkk", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 49, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Dosis Urea dan Umur Defoliasi Pertama…….", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 141, "top": 72, "width": 77, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 97, "width": 217, "height": 127, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dari interaksi dosis urea dengan umur defoliasi pertama terhadap panjang daun rumput gajah, sedangkan hanya faktor tunggal umur defoliasi pertama yang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah anakan dan bobot segar rumput gajah. Pada umur defoliasi 60 hari diperoleh rataan jumlah anakan rumput gajah terbanyak (8,48) dan bobot basah tertinggi (163,92 gm -2 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 215, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rataan panjang daun rumput gajah dengan kisaran yang tinggi (37,32-46,68 cm) diperoleh dari hasil interaksi pemberian dosis urea 175 kgha -1 dengan umur panen 50 dan 60 hari, dosis urea 200 kgha -1 dengan umur panen 40 dan 60 hari, serta dosis urea 225 kgha -1 dengan umur panen 50 dan 60 hari..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 325, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al Kurnia. 2014. Rumput Gajah. Respiratory- uin-suska.ac.id/ 5346/3/%2011.pdf.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 375, "width": 214, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Buckman, H.O. dan N.C. Brady. 1982. Ilmu Tanah. Bhratara Karya Aksara, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 214, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dewi, D.P.R. 2017. Produksi Rumput Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott. Defoliasi I dengan Jenis Pupuk yang Berbeda. Jurnal Aves 11(2) : 61-70. Dwidjoseputro, D. 1994. Pengantar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. PT Gramedia, Jakarta. Harjadi, S.S. 1996. Pengantar Agronomi. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 502, "width": 214, "height": 88, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Helmy, S. 2018. Pengembangan Multi Hijauan Makanan Ternak Mendukung UPSUS SIWAB. Mujihanani.filess. woodpress.com/ 2018/01/ rumputgajah.pdf. 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Peternakan IPB, Bogor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 71, "width": 214, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "McIlroy, R.J. 1977. Pengantar Budidaya Padang Rumput Tropika. Terj. S.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 97, "width": 189, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Soesetyo et al . I. Soerianegara (Ed.). Cetakan Kedua. Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 314, "top": 135, "width": 215, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mufarihin, A., D.R. Lukiwati dan Sutarno. 2012. Pertumbuhan dan Bobot Bahan Kering Rumput Gajah dan Rumput Raja pada Perlakuan Aras Auksin yang Berbeda. Anim. Agric. J. 2(1) : 1-15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 198, "width": 217, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mulatsih, R.T. 2003. Pertumbuhan Kembali Rumput Gajah dengan Interval Defoliasi dan Dosis Pupuk Urea yang Berbeda. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 28(3) : 151- 155.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 261, "width": 217, "height": 114, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pratiwi. 2018. Pengaruh Level Pemberian Tepung Umbi Talas terhadap Kandungan Bahan Kering dan bahan Organik Silase Rumput Gajah ( Pennisetum purpureum ). Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Reksohadiprodjo, S. 1994. Produksi Tanaman Hijauan Makanan Ternak Tropik. BPFE Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 375, "width": 217, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seseray, D.Y., E.W. Saragih dan Y. Katiop.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 388, "width": 186, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2012. 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 288, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Management Science (JMAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 7, No. 3, July 2024, pp: 520-526", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 50, "width": 105, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 62, "width": 186, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published by: Institute of Computer Science (IOCScience)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 794, "width": 211, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal homepage: www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 117, "width": 429, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The influence of training and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Iss Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall South Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 164, "width": 372, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mochamad Rizki Sampoerno, Fauzie Pari, Muhammad Khairur Rasyid, Desi Satriani,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 174, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 PGRI Banten Polytechnic, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 185, "width": 170, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 IPB University School of Business, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 195, "width": 325, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. UIN, Jakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 206, "width": 339, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Human Resource Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, UMJ Jakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 229, "width": 177, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 431, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: Received July 12, 2024 Revised July 18, 2024 Accepted July 30, 2024 The aim of this research is to determine the partial or simultaneous influence of Training and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at PT ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall, South Jakarta. This research method is quantitative with a sample of 60 people. The data analysis method uses validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis tests, correlation tests, determination tests, t tests and f tests. The results of this research are that training has a significant effect on employee performance, work motivation has a significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, training and work motivation simultaneously influence employee performance", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 39, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 89, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Employee performance; Motivation; Training.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 377, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is an open access article under theCC BY-NClicense.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 89, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 262, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mochamad Rizki Sampoerno, PGRI Banten Polytechnic, Jl. Serang-Cilegon No.KM, RW.12, Serdang, Banten, Indonesia, 42161. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 78, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 518, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Human resource management is an effort to mobilize and manage human resources within an organization so that they are able to think and act as desired by the organization(HESTI, 2023). In this era of globalization, every organization or company competes with each other to show the superiority of their respective companies. Competition that continues to grow today requires companies to be able to survive the existing competition, as well as develop quality human resources. The successful performance of an organization is greatly influenced by the quality of the resource factors it has, such as human factors, machines, capital, markets and others.(Iswahyudi et al., 2023). However, among these factors, the quality of human resources has an important role as a driver for the smooth running of an activity. Without human resources, other resources become meaningless.(Sudaryo et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 627, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Companies are required to acquire, develop and maintain quality human resources(Halisa, 2020). What is meant by human resource management is that the company must be able to unite the perceptions or perspectives of employees and company leaders in order to achieve company goals and improve company performance. One common way companies combine perception with training(Maghfiroh, 2021). PT. ISS Group was founded in 1901 in Copenhagen, Denmark, as a company engaged in outsourcing services with customer focus as one of the strategic pillars. PT. ISS Indonesia has grown into one of the nation's service facility companies with more than 45,000 employees from 800 customers and 6,000 work areas spread throughout Indonesia. One very important effort in anticipating competition is to provide the best possible service, so employees must be able to work according to the company's expectations.(Yusuff, 2023). One of the strategies carried out by the company to improve employee performance is to provide regular training and work motivation for each employee(Octavia & Alexandro, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 186, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Management ScienceISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 786, "width": 437, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mochamad Rizki Sampoerno, The influence of training and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Iss Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall South Jakarta", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT employee performance assessment. ISS Indonesia for 2021 covers several main aspects, namely work quality, work quantity, responsibility and attitude. From a total of 149 employees, the achievement target for each aspect is 100%. In the aspect of work quality, 109 employees or 73% succeeded in achieving the target. For work quantity, 103 employees or 69% met the target. In terms of responsibility, 112 employees or 75% succeeded in achieving the target, while for attitude, 106 employees or 71% met the set target. Overall, the average employee achievement is 72% of the target set.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the data above, from the total number of employees of 149 people who have not been able to achieve the target desired by the company from the aspect of assessing work quality the number of employees is 40 people, from the aspect of assessing work quantity the number of employees who have not reached the target is 46 people, from the aspect of assessing responsibility the number There are 37 employees who have not reached the target and from the attitude assessment aspect, the number of employees who have not reached the target is 43 people. This data shows the performance of employees at PT. ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall must be repaired, PT. ISS Indonesia can also get opportunities and have the same opportunity to achieve the desired career level to be able to motivate employees to work well. The company also facilitates employees to carry out career development. In improving the quality of work, employees receive company career guidance(Manu et al., 2022). Before reaching the desired career path, the company also provides awards for the best employees in the \"The Best Employee\" program held by the company for selected employees who excel and meet the criteria given by the company to receive this award.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In 2021, PT. ISS Indonesia held training at Pondok Indah Mall with several elements being assessed(Hamdani et al., 2019). These elements include Daily Cleaning, Periodic Cleaning, Occupational Health and Safety (K3), and the ISS Code of Ethics, with each target value being 100%. The assessment results show that Daily Cleaning achieved a score of 82%, Periodic Cleaning reached 80%, K3 reached 79%, and the ISS Code of Ethics obtained the highest score with 90%. Overall, the average score for all training elements assessed was 82%. The training elements assessed are daily cleaning which gets a score of 82%, the periodic cleaning training element gets a score of 80%, the K3 training element (occupational health and safety) gets a score of 79% and the ISS code of ethics training element gets a score of 90%, the company is targeting 100% achievement. However, this target has not been achieved. The data above shows that the overall achievement value of job training at PT. ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall in 2021 is still low. According to the training data above, it shows poor achievement, because they only got an average score of 82.75% of the target of 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Motivation drives a person to carry out an activity in order to get the best results. Employees who have high work motivation will also have high performance(Rahman, 2022). Motivation is a potential force that exists within a human being, which can be developed independently or developed by a number of external forces whose essence revolves around material and non-material. The important thing to remember is that employee motivation will differ according to their level of education and economic conditions.(Hidayah et al., 2021). As people become more educated and more economically independent, their sources of motivation become different, not solely determined by traditional means of motivation, such as formal authority and incentives, but also influenced by other need factors.(Hendrich et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 577, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT employee motivation assessment. ISS Indonesia at Pondok Indah Mall in 2021 showed mixed results on several indicators. Job challenges were assessed with achievement of 96% and employee motivation level reached 64%. Job responsibilities have perfect achievement, namely 100%, but employee motivation only reaches 67%. Employee achievement is measured by 97% achievement, with an employee motivation level of 65%. Work relations received the highest score with achievement of 111% and employee motivation of 74%. The awards given to employees achieved 103%, with employee motivation reaching 69%. Overall, the average employee motivation score was recorded at 67.80%. This data shows that although job responsibilities and rewards are quite high, there are several areas that still require attention to increase overall employee motivation(Wulandhari et al., 2024).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 687, "width": 442, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the data above from a total of 149 employees, it can be seen that employee work motivation in 2021 received an average value of 67.8%, where the employee job challenge factor received the smallest value, namely 64%, but the other values did not get the same results. good, this shows that the job challenge factor and employee achievement are still low, while the employee work relationship factor is fairly good.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 28, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 255, "top": 37, "width": 83, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 794, "width": 143, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JMAS, Vol. 7, No. 3, July 2024: pp 520-526", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 28, "width": 15, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "522", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Research Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research design used was an explanatory survey. This research aims to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the variables studied(Sari et al., 2023). This research uses a quantitative approach with the aim of measuring the effect of training and work motivation on employee performance. The population used in this research is all employees in 2021 at PT. ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah mall as many as 149 people. According to(Amin et al., 2023)A sample is a part or number and characteristics of the population. If the population is large, and it is impossible for the researcher to study everything in the population, for example due to limited funds, energy and time, then the researcher will take a sample from that population. To get a representative sample, the author took several samples that had the same probability using the Slovin formula(Arianto & Difa, 2020). Data collection is an effort to obtain information that will be used in measuring variables. According to(Adil et al., 2023)\"The data collection method is a scientific way to obtain valid data with the aim of proving it, developing knowledge so that it can be used to solve and anticipate problems.\" Data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews and documentation(Jailani, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results And Discussions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The validity test is used to measure whether a questionnaire is valid or not. The questionnaire is said to be valid if rcount > rtable. Distribution of questionnaires to all samples in this study. namely 60 respondents, resulting in an rtable value of 0.254. From these results, it is obtained that r count of all statements > r table means that all statements can be used in this research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 347, "width": 74, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rehabilitation Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the table below, it can be seen that each variable of training, work motivation and employee performance has a Cronbach Alpha value > 0.800. In this way, the results of the reliability test on all variables are very reliable, so that all question items can be trusted and can be used for further research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 404, "width": 358, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Rehabilitation Test No Variable Cronbach Alpha Decision 1 Training (X1) 0.929 Very Reliable 2 Work Motivation (X2) 0.928 Very Reliable 3 Employee Performance (Y) 0.882 Very Reliable", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 259, "top": 687, "width": 93, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geafik 1. Normality Test", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Looking at the display of the normal probability plot graph above, it can be concluded that in the normal probability plot graph you can see the dots spread around the diagonal line and the distribution follows the direction of the diagonal line, so it can be concluded that the data used in this research is normally distributed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 743, "width": 84, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 760, "width": 113, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 186, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Management ScienceISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 786, "width": 437, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mochamad Rizki Sampoerno, The influence of training and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Iss Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall South Jakarta", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 130, "top": 116, "width": 333, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF Training 0.243 4,115 Work motivation 0.243 4,115", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 437, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the tolerance value of the training and work motivation variables is 0.243 > 0.10 and the VIF value of the training and work motivation variables is 4.115 < 10, so it can be concluded that the training and work motivation variables do not have symptoms of multicollinearity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 410, "width": 107, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Graph 2. Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the Scatterplot output in the image above, it can be seen that the points are spread out and do not form a clear pattern. So it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity problem in this research. This means that the data in this study is homoscedastic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 459, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multiple Linear Regression Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 481, "width": 418, "height": 65, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Multiple Linear Regression Test Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig (Constant) B Std. Error Beta 5,206 0,000 Training 17,162 3,297 2,172 0.034 Work motivation 0.309 0.142 0.393 2,062 0.044 (Constant) 0.310 0.150 0.373 5,206 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 441, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the constant is 17.162, this means that when the training variable and work motivation variable are zero or do not increase, employee performance remains at a value of 17.162. The regression value of 0.309X1 (positive) indicates that if the training variable (X1) increases by 1 unit assuming the work motivation variable (X2) is constant, then employee performance (Y) will increase by 0.309 units. Meanwhile, the regression value of 0.310", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 104, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partial Hypothesis Testing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 241, "top": 664, "width": 130, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Partial Hypothesis Testing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 103, "top": 678, "width": 403, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig B Std. Error Beta 6,376 0,000 (Constant) 19,846 3,113 Training 0.564 0.072 0.717 7,830 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 28, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 255, "top": 37, "width": 83, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 794, "width": 143, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JMAS, Vol. 7, No. 3, July 2024: pp 520-526", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 28, "width": 15, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "524", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the t value is 7.830 > t table 1.672 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05, so H01 is rejected and Ha1 is accepted, indicating that training has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 290, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partial t test of work motivation (X2) on employee performance (Y)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 174, "width": 279, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Partial t test of work motivation (X2) on employee performance (Y)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 184, "width": 401, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig B", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 198, "width": 412, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Std. Error Beta (Constant) 17,903 3,382 5,293 0,000 Work motivation 0.595 0.077 0.714 7,772 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 255, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the calculated t value is 7.772 > r table 1.672 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05, so H02 is rejected and Ha2 is accepted, indicating that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simultaneous Hypothesis Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 313, "width": 442, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The overall test is used to determine whether there is a joint influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable(Basyit et al., 2020). This test is carried out using the F distribution by comparing the Fcount value with the Ftable value. To determine the F value, in statistical analysis, especially in the F test, it is necessary to calculate the degrees of freedom for both the numerator and denominator. The degrees of freedom in the numerator are calculated using the formula DF (numerator) = k - 1, where k is the number of independent variables. Meanwhile, the degrees of freedom in the denominator are calculated using the formula DF (denominator) = n - k - 1, where n is the number of research samples. For example, if a study has 2 independent variables (k) and 60 research samples (n), then the degrees of freedom in the numerator are 2 - 1 = 1 and the degrees of freedom in the denominator are 60 - 2 - 1 = 57. Based on these calculations, the Ftable value obtained from the F test table is 4.01. The test criteria are as follows: Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected if Fcount < Ftable, which means that the independent variable simultaneously does not have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable. Conversely, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted if Fcount > Ftable, which means the independent variable simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Training on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 442, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Training provided by PT. ISS Indonesia for employees, which includes technical, managerial and soft skills training, shows a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Employees who have attended training tend to perform better due to their increased skills and knowledge. Employee work motivation at PT. ISS Indonesia is influenced by several factors, including fair compensation, recognition of achievements, career development opportunities, and a conducive work environment(Erfeni et al., 2022). Research shows that work motivation has a significant influence on employee performance. Employees who feel appreciated and have the opportunity to develop are more motivated to provide their best performance. Recognition and appreciation for their hard work increases their sense of pride and job satisfaction, which in turn increases their productivity and commitment to their work(Maulida & Tri Wahyuni, 2024). Apart from that, a supportive and healthy work environment also plays an important role in keeping employee work motivation high.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the analysis show that training and work motivation together have a stronger influence on employee performance than the influence of each factor individually.(Gustiana et al., 2022). The combination of effective training and high work motivation creates a work environment where employees feel supported and equipped with the skills necessary for success(Yusuff, 2023). Training provides employees with new knowledge and skills that they can apply in their daily work, while high work motivation ensures that employees have the drive and commitment to use those skills in a productive and efficient way. Well-trained and motivated employees demonstrate higher levels of productivity, better quality of work, and greater contributions to the achievement of organizational goals(Sukmawati et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 705, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Influence of Training and Work Motivation Together on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 442, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data analysis reveals that training and work motivation together have a significant effect on employee performance. The combination of effective training and high work motivation creates employees who are able to work more efficiently and effectively, thus contributing greatly to achieving company goals(Mintawati, 2024). Training improves employee skills, while work motivation encourages them to apply these skills with", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 186, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Management ScienceISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 786, "width": 437, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mochamad Rizki Sampoerno, The influence of training and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Iss Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall South Jakarta", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "high enthusiasm and commitment. Work motivation which is influenced by factors such as compensation, recognition, development opportunities, and work environment also shows a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Employees who have high work motivation tend to be more productive, committed and satisfied with their work, which has an impact on improving performance(Vhalery & Leksono, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 442, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of research conducted at PT ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence from training on employee performance. This is evident from the simple linear regression equation Y=19.846+0.564X1 with a correlation value of 0.717 and a coefficient of determination of 51.4%. This shows that training makes a significant contribution to employee performance, with H0 rejected and H1 accepted in the significance test. Apart from that, work motivation also has a positive and significant influence on employee performance based on the simple linear regression equation Y=17.903+0.595X2, with a correlation value of 0.714 and a coefficient of determination of 51.0%. The results of the significance test show that work motivation significantly influences employee performance. Simultaneously, both training and work motivation have a positive and significant influence on employee performance, as proven by the multiple linear regression equation Y=17.162+0.309X1+0.310X2 with a correlation value of 0.740 and a coefficient of determination of 54.8%. The F test results also show rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha, which confirms that together training and work motivation have a significant effect on employee performance at PT ISS Indonesia Pondok Indah Mall.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 441, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adil, A., Liana, Y., Mayasari, R., Lamonge, AS, Ristiyana, R., Saputri, FR, Jayatmi, I., Satria, EB, Permana, AA, & Rohman, MM (2023). Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods: Theory and Practice. Jakarta: Get Press Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 389, "width": 441, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amin, NF, Garancang, S., & Abunawas, K. (2023). General concepts of population and sample in research. 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Polgan Minfo Journal, 13(1), 315–323.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 28, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 255, "top": 37, "width": 83, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 794, "width": 143, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JMAS, Vol. 7, No. 3, July 2024: pp 520-526", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 28, "width": 15, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "526", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 441, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Octavia, Y., & Alexandro, R. (2020). Effectiveness of Customer Service (CS) in Increasing Customer Loyalty of Savers at Bank Muamalat Palangka Raya Branch. Mediasosian Journal: Journal of Social Sciences and State Administration, 4(1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 441, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahman, S. (2022). The importance of learning motivation in improving learning outcomes. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Basic Education.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 441, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, M., Rachman, H., Astuti, NJ, Afgani, MW, & Siroj, RA (2023). Explanatory survey in quantitative descriptive research methods. Journal of Science and Computer Education, 3(01), 10–16.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 188, "width": 441, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sudaryo, Y., Aribowo, A., & Sofiati, NA (2019). Human resource management: Indirect compensation and the physical work environment. Andi Publisher.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 441, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sukmawati, E., Ratnasari, SL, & Zulkifli, Z. (2020). The influence of leadership style, communication, training, work ethic, and individual characteristics on employee performance. Journal of Dimensions, 9(3), 461–479.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 441, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vhalery, R., & Leksono, AW (2022). Assistance and Improving the Quality of Employee Human Resources at UD. Arida Tirta Jaya (FF. Tirta) East Jakarta. Journal of Community Service Bangun Cipta, Rasa, & Karsa, 1(1), 1–6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 250, "width": 441, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wulandhari, D., Utami, EM, & Rahmawati, F. (2024). THE INFLUENCE OF WORK MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. NUSANTARA SURYA SAKTI (NSS) IN PURWOREJO DISTRICT. Volatility Journal of Management and Business, 6(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 441, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yusuff, AA (2023). The Influence of Work Motivation, Work Ability, and Discipline on Employee Performance. Nem Publishers.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "358", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 96, "width": 404, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi Augmented Reality Tentang Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Rumahan Berbasis API", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 128, "width": 201, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Nasrullah Khomaeni, 2 Muhammad Zakariyah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 141, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2 Fakutlas Sains & Teknologi, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 151, "width": 304, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected] ; 2 [email protected] ;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 181, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 181, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 205, "width": 435, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: Received, 2023-10-20 Revised, 2023-11-07 Accepted, 2023-11-14 Augmented Reality merupakan penggabungan teknologi objek wujud nyata dan wujud maya (virtual) secara bersamaan. Augmented Reality merujuk terhadap penelitian dengan komputer yang memiliki tujuan untuk mewujudkan suatu sistem pengetahuan yang memudahkan pekerjaan manusia.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 253, "width": 282, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang tanaman obat dan kesulitan dalam mempelajarinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi Augmented Reality yang dapat membantu masyarakat mengenali dan memahami jenis-jenis tanaman obat rumahan beserta manfaatnya dengan menggunakan teknologi yang lebih modern. Aplikasi ini menggunakan metode Marker Based Tracking dalam merancangnya, dengan pengambilan data melalui API dan pengujian menggunakan Black Box Testing, pengujian jarak, dan pengujian intensitas cahaya. Hasil pengujian dengan BlackBox Testing adalah aplikasi yang mampu menampilkan suara, teks, dan objek 3D, serta dapat dijalankan pada smartphone Android. Untuk pengujian jarak adalah objek 3D mampu terbaca jika jarak antara 5-30 cm dengan sudut 90 0 . Untuk hasil Pengujian Intensitas cahaya yaitu jika kecerahan ruangan kisaran 10% - 100% maka marker dapat terbaca dengan jelas. Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan bantuan yang mudah, efisien, dan menarik bagi masyarakat dalam mempelajari dan memanfaatkan tanaman obat rumahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 70, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Tanaman Obat Augmented Reality Marker Based", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "API", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 39, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Black Box", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 437, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 41, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 435, "height": 173, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Medicinal Plants Augmented Reality Marker Based API Black Box Augmented Reality is a combination of real and virtual object technologies simultaneously. Augmented Reality refers to research with computers that have the aim of realizing a knowledge system that facilitates human work. The problem faced is the lack of public knowledge about medicinal plants and difficulties in studying them. This research aims to develop Augmented Reality applications that can help people recognize and understand the types of home medicinal plants and their benefits using more modern technology. This application uses the Marker Based Tracking method in designing it, with data retrieval through API and testing using Black Box Testing, distance testing, and light intensity testing. Test results with BlackBox Testing is an application that is able to display sound, text, and 3D objects, and can be run on Android smartphones. For distance testing, 3D objects can be read if the distance is between 5-30 cm with an angle of 900. For the results of the Light Intensity Test, if the brightness of the room ranges from 10% - 100%, the marker can be read clearly. This application is expected to provide easy, efficient, and interesting assistance for the community in learning and utilizing home medicinal plants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 643, "width": 211, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 91, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis Korespondensi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 705, "width": 184, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasrullah Khomaeni, Program Studi Informatika, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Email: nasrullah.5200411208@ student.uty.ac.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "359", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tanaman obat herbal merupakan tanaman yang dikenal mengandung banyak khasiat dalam mencegah penyakit maupun menyembuhkan penyakit. Umumnya tanaman obat biasnya dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional[1]. Merujuk pada permasalahan sebelumnya yang dapat dirumuskan menjadi rumusan masalah yaitu bagaimana cara mengenalkan jenis tanaman obat herbal dengan lebih mudah dan interaktif Dengan adanya perkembangan jaman, tanaman obat jarang ditemukan karena kurangnya pengetahuan dimasyarakat tentang manfaat dari tanaman obat, sehingga sebagian masyarakat lebih percaya menggunakan obat modern atau kimia. Sekarang pembelajaran tentang jenis tanaman obat hanya dapat diterapkan lewat media cetak atau buku-buku berupa gambar 2D tentang jenis tanaman obat[2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 238, "width": 443, "height": 237, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Augmented Reality yaitu penggabungan teknologi objek wujud nyata dan wujud maya(virtual) secara bersamaan. Augmented Reality merujuk terhadap penelitian dengan komputer yang memiliki tujuan untuk mewujudkan suatu sistem pengetahuan yang memudahkan pekerjaan manusia[3]. Augmented Reality sangat efisien karena pengembangannya sangat mudah dan tidak banyak membutuhkan biaya. Keunggulan yang terdapat pada teknologi ini antara lain mampu memunculkan suara, teks, video,dan animasi[4].Augmented Reality diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi bagi masyarakat yang kesulitan memahami terutama bagi yang tidak memiliki waktu luang atau kesempatan belajar mengenai tanaman obat. Dengan hadirnya aplikasi Augmented Reality ini diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat dalam memilih atau memperkenalkan jenis-jenis tanaman obat beserta manfaatnya. Sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam memahami dan mengenali jenis- jenis tanaman obat berdasarkan bentuknya[5]. Metode yang digunakan berupa marker based. Metode yang sering digunakan dalam pengembangan Augmented Reality yaitu Marker Based Tracking . Teknik ini bekerja dengan pelacak penanda melalui tiga sumbu X, Y, dan Z, serta menggunakan titik koordinat (0,0,0) dalam ruang tiga dimensi secara virtual. Marker merupakan gambar yang dapat diproses melalui teknologi video, pemrosesan gambar (pemrosesan gambar), pengenalan pola (pengenalan pola), dan visi komputer (computer vision). Dalam Augmented Reality, skala yang akurat akan ditentukan melalui pose kamera jika penanda terdeteksi. Semakin beragam gambar marker yang digunakan, semakin banyak pola yang terbentuk. Hal ini mempermudah pelacakan marker untuk menempatkan model citra yang akan dideteksi[6].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 484, "width": 442, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESTful API adalah jenis arsitektur yang digunakan dalam Application Programming Interface (API). RESTful API juga dikenal sebagai layanan web RESTful atau REST API. REST, singkatan dari Representational State Transfer, adalah pendekatan komunikasi dan gaya arsitektur yang umum digunakan dalam pengembangan layanan web. Melalui RESTful API, sistem yang berbeda dapat saling berkomunikasi. Pengembang dapat membuat API yang dapat diakses melalui protokol HTTP seperti GET, POST, PUT, dan DELETE. Setiap permintaan API memiliki endpoint yang unik, yaitu URL yang ditentukan untuk mengakses sumber daya yang diinginkan. Dalam RESTful API, sumber daya direpresentasikan dalam format tertentu seperti JSON atau XML[7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 591, "width": 443, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian terdahulu “Perancangan Aplikasi Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) dan Khasiatnya Menggunakan Augmented Reality Berbasis Android”, Tujuannya adalah untuk mengedukasi ke masyarakat supaya dapat memperoleh informasi mengenai manfaat dan khasiat tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) melalui penggunaan teknologi Augmented Reality . Metode yang digunakan yaitu Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC), sedangkan untuk pengumpulan data, digunakan metode lapangan seperti wawancara, observasi, dan metode perpustakaan[8]. Penelitian “Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Tradisional berbasis Augmented Reality dengan Menggunakan Studio.Gometa.io”, Tujuannya adalah sebagai mengembangkan media alternatif yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai sarana untuk memperkenalkan obat tanaman dan manfaatnya secara tradisional. Metode penelitian ini yaitu Research and Development (R&D) [9]. Penelitian “Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Augmented Reality Untuk Deteksi Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Berbasis Android”, Tujuannya adalah untuk menampilkan gambar 3D tanaman obat secara realistis menggunakan kamera Smartphone. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Unified Modeling Language (UML)[10].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "360", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 443, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian, dapat ditarik kesimpulan mengenai berbagai persamaan dan perbedaan antara penelitian ini terhadap penelitian sebelumnya. Salah satu persamaan yang dapat diidentifikasi adalah perancangan sebuah aplikasi berbasis mobile Android dengan teknologi Augmented Reality sebagai media pengenalan atau pembelajaran yang efektif dan menggunakan scan marker sebagai penandanya yang menggunakan jenis Markerbased, sedangkan perbedaan dari penelitian ini dengan sebelumnya adalah terdapat beberapa pembaharuan fitur yang tidak ada sebelumnya seperti Aplikasi bersifat online, data tanaman obat diambil dengan menanggil API, kemudian terdapat game berupa quiz yang bersifat online dan objek 3D tanaman obat yang diterapkan pada aplikasi ini dikelompokkan berdasarkan keluarganya. Tercantum beberapa tujuan pada pembuatan aplikasi Augmented Reality ini supaya dapat tercapai sesuai yang diharapkan adalah mengenalkan jenis tanaman obat herbal dengan mudah dan lebih interaktif dengan menggunakan sistem yang berbasis Augmented Reality. Menguji sistem prototype sistem yang telah dibangun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 246, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 275, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perancangan aplikasi ini menggunakan metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yang terdiri dari enam tahapan. Tahapan-tahapan tersebut meliputi Konsep (Concept), Perancangan (Design), Mengumpulkan bahan (Material Collecting), Pembuatan (Assembly), Pengujian (Testing), dan Distribusi (Distribution )[11], [12]. Sebagaimana dapat dijelaskan pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 527, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Concept", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan ini merupakan konsep Aplikasi yang ingin dibangun yaitu mengenai jenis-jenis tanaman obat. Permasalahan yang muncul saat ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dari masyarakat mengenai manfaat tanaman obat dan kurangnya literasi dari masyarakat tentang tanaman obat. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan mampu membuat aplikasi yang mengenalkan jenis tanaman obat herbal dengan lebih mudah dan interaktif dengan menggunakan teknologi AR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan ini merupakan tahap perancangan. Aplikasi ini menggunakan Flowchart yang menggambarkan diagram alir yang saling terhubung. Flowchart digunakan untuk alat bantu berkomunikasi supaya dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan jelas dan mudah dibaca[13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Material Collecting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam tahapan ini, dilakukan pengumpulan bahan data dari berbagai sumber. Sumber data merupakan lokasi di mana data diperoleh. Sumber data yaitu faktor yang signifikan dalam mempertimbangkan metode pengumpulan data, selain jenis data yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Data di sisi lain, adalah kumpulan fakta yang diperoleh berdasarkan kerangka teoritis tertentu, serta nilai atau informasi yang dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan (observasi) objek tertentu[14]. Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "361", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan topik tersebut. Sumber data literatur ilmiah terkait yang membahas tanaman obat rumahan. Sumber data ini meliputi jurnal ilmiah, buku, atau publikasi ilmiah lainnya yang memberikan pengetahuan mendalam tentang tanaman obat, sifat- sifat obat, dan penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional. Selain itu masyarakat juga dijadikan sebagai sumber data dengan melakukan wawancara dan interaksi langsung untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akurat tentang tanaman obat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Assembly", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan ini merupakan tahap pembuatan. Data yang telah dikumpulkan diimplementasikan ke dalam sebuah Aplikasi yang dapat dijalankan di perangkat seluler Android.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan ini merupakan tahapan pengujian aplikasi. sehingga, dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 pengujian yaitu black box testing, pengujian jarak, dan pengujian intensitas cahaya. Tujuannya adalah untuk membuat kondisi input yang mencakup semua persyaratan fungsional program yang akan diuji[15]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "F. Distribution", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan ini merupakan tahap distribusi. Pada tahap distribusi, aplikasi akan disimpan kedalam google drive berupa folder yang berisikan Aplikasi dan gambar marker, supaya memudahkan pengguna saat ingin menggunakan aplikasi tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah melalui serangkaian tahapan dalam perancangan menggunakan metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) , Sehingga dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Concept", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep Aplikasi Augmented Reality Tentang Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Rumahan Berbasis API yang telah dirancang dan ditinjau dari metode penelitian sebagaimana dijelaskan pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 468, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Konsep Aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 112, "top": 486, "width": 386, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Nama Keterangan 1 Judul Aplikasi Augmented Reality Tentang Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Rumahan Berbasis API 2 Pengguna Masyarakat 3 Sistem Operasi Android 4 Audio Format audio .wav 5 Gambar Format gambar marker .png 6 Interaksi Tombol Play, About, Help, Exit 7 Status Menbutuhkan koneksi internet", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap Alur sistem perancangan aplikasi ini menggunakan Flowchart yang menggambarkan diagram alir yang saling terhubung, sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "362", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 256, "top": 306, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Flowchart Sistem", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Material Collecting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan sumber data sekunder untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang relevan. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 409, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Sumber Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 426, "width": 334, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Data Keterangan Persentase 1 Objek 3D Berupa Objek 3D Tanaman Obat, yang kemudian diimplementasikan kedalam aplikasi yang telah dibuat. 25% 2 Informasi Tanaman Obat Berupa data tentang Jenis – jenis tanaman obat berdasarkan familinya. 50% 3 Marker Berupa gambar atau penanda yang nantinya digunakan pada saat melakukan scan marker. 25%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Assembly", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan beberapa tahapan yang telah dikumpulkan dan kemudian implementasikan menjadi sebuah Aplikasi yang telah diimplementasikan kedalam mobile android. Berikut adalah gambaran lengkap hasil implementasi yang telah dibuat sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) UI Splash Screen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman Splash screen yaitu tampilan pertama muncul saat pengguna membuka aplikasi. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "363", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 256, "top": 343, "width": 118, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. UI Splash Screen", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 361, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) UI Halaman Awal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tampilan ini adalah tampilan kedua yang muncul setelah Splash screen, di dalamnya terdapat nama aplikasi dan logo yang terkait, kemudian memiliki tombol untuk menuju menu utama. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 254, "top": 670, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. UI Halaman Awal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) UI Halaman Utama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman ini yaitu halaman utama dari aplikasi ini, yang memiliki 4 menu dengan fungsi masing- masing. Menu Play digunakan untuk membuka halaman selanjutnya, Menu About memberikan informasi tentang aplikasi, Menu Help memberikan petunjuk penggunaan aplikasi dan memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengunduh marker, dan Menu Exit berguna untuk keluar aplikasi. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "364", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 251, "top": 333, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. UI Halaman Utama", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) UI Halaman Play", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tampilan ini yaitu halaman play, yang berisikan jenis-jenis tamanan berdasarkan familinya, kemudian jika diklik salah satu nantinya akan muncul nama-nama tanaman obat, jika diklik lagi maka akan otomatis menuju ke AR kamera. Kemudian melakukan scan marker,serta akan menampilkan gambar/objek 3D yang sesuai pilihan dan muncul penjelasan, manfaat dan suara pada layar smartphone kita. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "365", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 255, "top": 322, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. UI Halaman Play", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) UI Halaman About", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 361, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman ini memiliki peran sebagai halaman yang memuat informasi tentang konten atau isi dari aplikasi tersebut seperti pengenalan jenis tanaman obat herbal dan penjelasan tentang manfaat tanaman obat herbal. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 248, "top": 622, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 640, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. UI Halaman About", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f) UI Halaman Help", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 678, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tampilan ini adalah halaman bantuan, cara pengunaan aplikasi, serta terdapat tombol download untuk mengunduh marker yang sudah disediakan. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "366", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 255, "top": 321, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. UI Halaman Help", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g) UI Halaman Quiz", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tampilan ini merupakan tampilan untuk bermain quiz tentang tanaman obat. Quiz berbasis API ini bersifat online yang dimana pada saat mengakses dibutuhkan koneksi ke jaringan internet, sehingga jika pengguna tidak memiliki koneksi internet maka soal tidak dapat tampil pada layar smartphone.Sebagaimana diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 9.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 661, "width": 120, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. UI Halaman Quiz", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "367", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h) UI Halaman Exit", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 109, "width": 442, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman ini adalah halaman untuk keluar dari aplikasi. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Gambar 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 369, "width": 120, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar10. UI Halaman Exit", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i) UI Web Dashboard Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman ini berisikan data infromasi mengenai tanaman obat. Untuk dipergunakan admin dalam menginput, menambahkan, mengedit, serta menghapus data. Data tersebut dipanggil menggunakan API, kemudian diimplementasikan kedalam aplikasi Augmented Reality saat melakukan scan marker pada objek 3D. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Gambar 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 664, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar11. UI Web Dashboard Data", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 125, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j) UI Web Dashboard Soal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman ini berisikan data soal untuk bermain quiz tanaman obat. Untuk dipergunakan admin dalam menginput, menambahkan, mengedit, serta menghapus soal. Soal tersebut dipanggil menggunakan API, kemudian diimplementasikan kedalam aplikasi Augmented Reality pada saat melakukan play quiz. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Gambar 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "368", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 240, "top": 257, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar12. UI Web Dashboard Soal", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 275, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. Testing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Pengujian Black Box testing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 443, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan ini mengujian menggunakan black box testing . Untuk menunjukkan hasil pengujian black box sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Tabel 3 sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 339, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Black Box Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 357, "width": 429, "height": 426, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Permasalahan yang diuji Konsep uji Hasil yang diinginkan Keterangan 1 Penginstalan Aplikasi Pemasangan Aplikasi pada Smartphone Dapat dijalankan di Android Berhasil 2 Splash Screen Tampil Aplikasi halaman loading pada layar Mampu menampilkan tampilan loading screen Berhasil 3 Halaman Awal Tampil Aplikasi halaman awal pada layar Mampu menampilkan halaman awal pada screen Berhasil 4 Halaman Utama Tampil halaman utama yang berisi menu Play, About, Help dan Exit Mampu menampilkan halaman Play, About, Help dan Exit jika klik button Berhasil 5 Halaman Play Tampil halaman play pada layar -Mampu menampilkan halaman menu pilihan jenis tanaman -Mampu menampilkan ke halaman selanjutkan jika klik button -Mampu Kembali ke halaman sebelumnya jika Klik tombol back Berhasil 6 Halaman Jenis Tanaman Tampil halaman jenis tanaman pada layar -Mampu menampilkan menu jenis tanaman jika klik button -Mampu Kembali ke halaman sebelumnya jika Klik tombol back Berhasil 7 Halaman jenis Tanaman Zingiberaceae Tampil jenis Tanaman Zingiberaceae -Mampu menampilkan jenis tanaman zingiberaceae -jika tanaman diklik maka akan tampil ke halaman scan ar -Jika tombol \"Kembali\" ditekan, pengguna akan kembali ke halaman sebelumnya. Berhasil 8 Halaman Jenis Tanaman Rutaceae Tampil jenis Tanaman Rutaceae -Mampu menampilkan jenis tanaman Rutaceae -jika tanaman diklik maka akan tampil ke halaman scan ar -Jika tombol \"Kembali\" ditekan, pengguna akan kembali ke halaman sebelumnya. Berhasil 9 Halaman Jenis Tanaman Liliaceae Tampil jenis Tanaman Liliaceae -Mampu menampilkan jenis tanaman Liliaceae -jika tanaman diklik maka akan tampil ke halaman scan ar -Jika tombol \"Kembali\" ditekan, pengguna akan kembali ke halaman sebelumnya. Berhasil 10 Halaman Jenis Tanaman Myrtaceae Tampil jenis Tanaman Myrtaceae -Mampu menampilkan jenis tanaman Myrtaceae -jika tanaman diklik maka akan tampil ke halaman scan ar -Jika tombol \"Kembali\" ditekan, pengguna akan kembali ke halaman sebelumnya. Berhasil 11 Halaman Scan AR Tampil Halaman scan Ar pada layar -Mampu menampilkan objek 3D, informasi, suara berdasarkan markernya -Mampu menampilkan dan jika tombol \"Kembali\" ditekan, pengguna akan kembali ke halaman sebelumnya., jika klik button info maka muncul", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 479, "top": 739, "width": 29, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berhasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "369", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 296, "top": 88, "width": 174, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "informasi pada objek, dan jika klik button suara maka akan mucul suara saat scan AR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 107, "width": 417, "height": 72, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Halaman Play kuis Tampil halaman kuis -Mampu menampilkan 10 soal yang dapat dikerjakan. Berhasil 13 Halaman Help Tampil halaman help pada layar -Mampu menampilkan informasi bantuan cara penggunakan aplikasi -klik button download marker untuk mendownload marker yang terdapat digoogle drive -Mampu Kembali ke halaman sebelumnya jika Klik tombol back Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 189, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah berhasil melakukan pengujian menggunakan black box testing dan setelah aplikasi dijalankan hasilnya menunjukkan sukses. Mulai pada saat proses instalisasi aplikasi hingga ke halaman – halaman yang tersedia semua dan tombol yang ada dalam aplikasi berfungsi sesuai dengan harapan yang diinginkan. Dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 245, "width": 380, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Tombol – tombol yang terdapat pada aplikasi dapat berfungsi dengan semestinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 258, "width": 424, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Objek 3D mampu mengenali marker dengan akurat, sesuai dengan marker yang telah ditentukan dalam aplikasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Pengambilan data dengan API dapat memunculkan informasi yang sesuai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 296, "width": 322, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Apabila marker tidak cocok, maka objek 3D tidak akan ditampilkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 308, "width": 424, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Jika tidak ada koneksi internet maka informasi tidak akan tampil dan fitur kuis tidak dapat dijalankan, sehingga, diperlukan koneksi internet yang stabil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Pengujian Jarak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 367, "width": 425, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian jarak dilakukan dengan mengarahkan kamera smartphone ke marker dengan sudut 90 derajat, sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Tabel 4 sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 398, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Pengujian Jarak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 197, "top": 422, "width": 211, "height": 180, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Jarak Sudut Keterangan 1 < 5 cm 90 0 Tidak Terdeteksi 2 5 cm 90 0 Terdeteksi 3 10 cm 90 0 Terdeteksi 4 15 cm 90 0 Terdeteksi 5 20 cm 90 0 Terdeteksi 6 25 cm 90 0 Terdeteksi 7 30 cm 90 0 Terdeteksi 8 > 30 cm 90 0 Tidak Terdeteksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah berhasil dilakukan pengujian jarak dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jika marker discan menggunakan smartphone dengan jarak < 5 cm maka objek 3D tidak terdeteksi, jika jarak kisaran 5 – 30 cm maka objek 3D akan terdeteksi dilayar smartphone, dan jarak > 30 cm maka objek 3D tidak dapat terdeteksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 141, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Pengujian Intensitas Cahaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian ini merupakan pengujian intensitas Cahaya untuk mendeteksi marker terhadap ruangan gelap dan ruangan terang. Sebagaimana diperlihatkan pada Tabel 5 sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 726, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengujian Intensitas Cahaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 750, "width": 210, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N0 Kecerahan Cahaya Keterangan 1 0% TidakTerdeteksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 31, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI: Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 42, "width": 330, "height": 32, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 06, No. 03, November 2023, hal. 358~371 E-ISSN: 2614-3054; P-ISSN: 2614-3062, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Sinta 4 DOI: 10.36085", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSAI : Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 533, "top": 810, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "370", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 204, "top": 94, "width": 89, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 10%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 204, "top": 94, "width": 198, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdeteksi 3 30% Terdeteksi 4 50% Terdeteksi 5 70% Terdeteksi 6 100% Terdeteksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 204, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilakukan pengujian intensitas cahaya didalam ruangan pengujian dan hasilnya yaitu, untuk kecerahan cahaya 0% diruangan gelap maka marker tidak dapat dideteksi, kemudian pada kecerahan cahaya kisaran 10-100% diruangan terang maka marker dapat terdeteksi dengan semestinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "F. Distribution", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap distribusi, aplikasi dan gambar marker akan dimasukkan ke dalam folder yang dapat diakses melalui google drive . Untuk memudahkan pengguna saat ingin mengunakan Aplikasi ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 443, "height": 162, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan tentang aplikasi yang telah dikembangkan dengan judul “Aplikasi Augmented Reality Tentang Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Rumahan Berbasis API”, yaitu Untuk mengenalkan tanaman obat dan manfaatnya kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan dengan mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi Augmented Reality berbasis API. Untuk mengembangkan Aplikasi ARherbs dilakukan langkah- langkah mulai dari identifikasi masalah, pengumpulan data, analisis sistem, implementasi hingga hasil pengujian. Aplikasi ARherbs dibuat untuk memperkenalkan 13 jenis tanaman dan manfaatnya berdasarkan jenis familinya. Berdasarkan pengujian dengan metode Black Box Testing , hasilnya adalah semua fitur beroperasi dengan baik dan sesuai dengan ekspektasi yang diharapkan. Hasil pengujian jarak menunjukkan bahwa pada sudut 90 0 marker dapat terdeteksi dengan smartphone kisaran jarak 5 cm – 30 cm. Untuk hasil pengujian intensitas cahaya menujukkan bahwa diruangan terang dengan kecerahan cahaya 10% – 100% marker dapat terdeteksi dengan kamera smartphone dengan semestinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saya ingin mengungkapkan apresiasi kepada dosen Pembimbing saya, Bapak Muhammad Zakariyah, S.Kom., M.Kom., atas bantuan dan masukan berharga yang diberikan selama proses penulisan karya ilmiah ini. Saya juga ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada editor dan tim JSAI yang telah memberikan kesempatan untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah ini .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 435, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] O. N. Fernandarisky, A. Mahmudi, and H. Z. Zahro, “Pengenalan Tanaman Obat Family Zingiberaceae Dan Manfaatnya Menggunakan Augmented Reality Berbasis Android,” JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika) , vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 364–372, 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 644, "width": 439, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] M. 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 88, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH METODE QUANTUM LEARNING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP BIOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 176, "top": 116, "width": 282, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 11 BANDAR LAMPUNG", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 136, "width": 289, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Bambang S. A, 2 Akbar Handoko dan 3 Indri Andriyani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 164, "width": 425, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung.Jl. H Endro Suratmin Sukarame- Bandar Lampung (0721)70326): [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 208, "width": 421, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima : 07 Agustus 2017. Disetujui: 15 Desember 2017. Dipublikasikan: 29 Desember 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 233, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 428, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 11 Bandar Lampung yang bertempat di Jl. Sentot Kel. Ketapang Kec. Panjang Bandar Lampung. Permasalahan rendahnya nilai biologi siswa disebabkan kurang aktifnya siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar, selain itu disebabkan karena proses pembelajaran biologi masih berorientasi pada guru ( Teacher Centered ), sehingga minat belajar siswa dan penguasaan konsep biologi masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran quantum learning terhadap penguasaan konsep biologi siswa kelas VIII SMPN11 Bandar Lampung pada konsep sistem pencernaan dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran quantum learning terhadap minat belajar siswa kelas VIII SMPN 11 Bandar Lampung pada konsep sistem pencernaaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 429, "height": 99, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah The Matching only posttest control group design. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, angket, lembar diskusi siswa dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari tes penguasaan konsep biologi, angket minat belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian berupa data kuantitatif, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu tes berupa nilai posttest dan nilai angket. Nilai posttest digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai penguasaan konsep pada ranah kognitif dan nilai angket untuk mengetahui minat belajar siswa pada ranah afektif. Uji hipotesis penelitian menggunakan uji t dimana, sebelum dilakukan uji t data di uji terlebih dahulu menggunakan uji prasyarat yaitu uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 428, "height": 123, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa penguasaan konsep biologi dengan menggunakan metode quantum learning kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai posttest rata-rata 76,14 dan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai rata-rata 70,73. Sedangkan jika dilihat dari setiap indikator minat belajar siswa terjadi peningkatan. Dari perhitungan nilai minat belajar siswa, diketahui bahwa persentase dari setiap indikator kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol terdapat perbedaan. Pada kelas eksperimen didapatkan persentase lebih tinggi dari pada kelas kontrol. Untuk uji t pada posttest diperoleh t hitung = 5,6170 t tabel (0,05) = 1,6602 dan pada uji t pada angket diperoleh t hitung 5,8334 t tabel = 1,6602. Dengan demikian apabila t hitung > t tabel maka H 1 diterima dan H 0 ditolak. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran quantum learning berpengaruh positif terhadap penguasaan konsep biologi dan minat belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 610, "width": 427, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Metode Pembelajaran Quantum Learning, minat belajar siswa , penguasaan konsep biologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 115, "width": 428, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam era globalisasi, tantangan persaingan diberbagai bidang kehidupan semakin ketat. Ketatnya persaingan ditandai dengan adanya perubahan lingkungan dan masyarakat yang cepat dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi yang menuntut kepekaan Negara, pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam merespon perubahan supaya tetap eksis dalam menghadapi persaingan dunia. Menghadapi tantangan era globalisasi dibutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas salah satunya dapat dilihat dari kualitas pendidikannya. Kesadaran tentang pentingnya pendidikan telah mendorong berbagai upaya dan perhatian seluruh lapisan masyarakat terhadap setiap perkembangan dunia pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 428, "height": 231, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan suatu proses jangka panjang yang sudah menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan di dunia, sebab hanya melalui proses pendidikan yang baik, maka manusia mampu meraih dan menguasai ilmu pengetahuan untuk bekal hidupnya. Pendidikan adalah suatu proses dalam rangka mempengaruhi siswa supaya mampu menyesuaikan diri sebaik mungkin dalam lingkungannya dan dengan demikian dapat menimbulkan perubahan dalam masyarakat (Oemar Hamalik, 2009). Pendidikan membuat manusia berusaha mengembangkan dirinya sehingga mampu menghadapi setiap perubahan yang terjadi akibat adanya kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 428, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan nasional berfungsi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Belajar merupakan salah satu upaya guna mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Belajar pada hakekatnya adalah perubahan yang terjadi dalam diri seseorang setelah berakhirnya melakukan aktifitas belajar, walaupun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 59, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desember 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada kenyataannya tidak semua perubahan termasuk kategori belajar (Syaiful Bahri Djamarah, 2012). Proses belajar merupakan jalan yang harus ditempuh oleh seorang manusia untuk mengerti suatu hal yang sebelumnya tidak diketahui. Seseorang yang melakukan kegiatan belajar dapat dikatakan telah mengerti suatu hal apabila ia juga dapat menerapkan apa yang telah ia pelajari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 428, "height": 287, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu prinsip yang penting dalam proses pembelajaran adalah guru tidak hanya semata-mata memberi pengetahuan pada siswa, guru memegang peranan dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar. Pengertian mengajar sebagai suatu kegiatan penyampaian bahan pelajaran kepada pelajar supaya dapat menerima, menanggapi, menguasai, dan mengembangkan bahan pelajaran itu (Ramayulis, 2012). Dalam mengajar guru harus mampu menciptakan suasana kondusif supaya menambah interaksi dan keikutsertaan siswa dalam belajar, karena siswa sendirilah yang seharusnya membangun pengetahuannya. Guru dapat membantu proses pembelajaran dengan cara memilih alternatif mengajar yang membuat informasi menjadi sangat bermakna dan relevan bagi siswa. Guru perlu menguasai keterampilan, cara kerja dan pengetahuan dalam bidangnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 428, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penguasaan metode pembelajaran yang bervariatif sangat diperlukan guru untuk dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan minat belajar siswa. Metode pembelajaran yang bervariatif dapat membuat siswa aktif memahami konsep. Namun, pada kenyataannya berdasarkan hasil observasi guru lebih dominan menguasai kegiatan pembelajaran. Siswa cenderung pasif selama kegiatan pembelajaran. Guru mewajibkan siswa untuk menghafal materi tetapi tidak mengajarkan siswa untuk memahami materi. Kecakapan siswa dalam memahami materi sangat diperlukan karena hal itu berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa dan penguasaan konsep pada siswa (Robert S.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 59, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desember 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Slavin, 2013). Siswa dapat dikatakan memahami suatu konsep apabila sudah dapat menjelaskan dengan menggunakan kalimatnya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 428, "height": 342, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pembelajaran IPA khususnya Biologi, penguasaan konsep sangat penting. Penguasaan konsep yang baik membuat siswa dapat berpikir pada tingkatan yang lebih tinggi lagi. Konsep adalah sekumpulan atau seperangkat sifat yang dihubungkan oleh aturan-aturan tertentu dan konsep merupakan bayangan mental, ide dan proses (Hulse, 2010). Konsep juga adalah pembentukan mental dalam mengelompokkan kata-kata dengan penjelasan tertentu yang dapat diterima secara umum (Nuryani R, 2003). Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep adalah suatu gagasan yang dapat menggambarkan suatu kejadian atau ciri-ciri. Penguasaan konsep yang baik pun semestinya mempermudah siswa dalam mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) yang telah ditetapkan oleh sekolah. Dalam usaha meningkatkan penguasaan konsep IPA Biologi di sekolah, guru seharusnya kreatif dan inovatif dalam menggunakan metode pembelajaran. Penggunaan metode pembelajaran dapat mempermudah siswa dalam proses belajar membangun pengetahuannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 429, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guna tercapainya penguasaan konsep dan minat belajar dilakukan proses pembelajaran yang efektif. Pembelajaran yang efektif dapat membantu siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan yang diharapkan sesuai dengan tujuan instruksional yang didapat (Slameto, 2013). Pembelajaran yang efektif adalah pembelajaran yang menyediakan kesempatan belajar sendiri atau melakukan aktivitas sendiri. Pembelajaran yang efektif juga akan melatih dan menanamkan sikap demokratis bagi siswa dan juga dapat menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan sehingga memberikan kreatifitas siswa untuk mampu belajar dengan potensi yang sudah siswa miliki yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 59, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desember 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan memberikan kebebasan dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan cara belajarnya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 428, "height": 314, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tercapainya pembelajaran yang efektif tergantung dari proses penyelenggaraan proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Penyelenggaraan pembelajaran yang dilakukan salah satu faktor penentunya yaitu guru. Guru memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap keberhasilan peserta didik. Kualitas dan keberhasilan pembelajaran yang dilakukan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan dan ketepatan guru dalam memilih, menyampaikan, menggunakan berbagai sarana, serta metode pembelajaran yang digunakan. Metode merupakan cara yang dipergunakan oleh guru dalam mengajarkan siswa saat berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran (Ramayulis, 2002). Metode yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran biologi diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan interaksi antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa maupun sebaliknya, sehingga guru dan siswa saling belajar dan dapat menumbuhkan kerjasama kelas sehingga tercapai kelas yang nyaman sebagai tempat untuk belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 429, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang dapat disesuaikan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan minat belajar siswa adalah dengan menggunakan metode quantum learning . Dengan penerapan metode quantum learning , yang memiliki keunggulan yaitu dari gaya belajar yang membebaskan siswa (Bobbi Depoorter & Mike Hernacki, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah The Matching only posttest control group design . Dalam pola ini baik eksperimen maupun kontrol dikenakan posttest , tetapi hanya kelompok eksperimen yang mendapat perlakuan (Freankel JR and Wallen NE, 2008). Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian terdiri dari dua kelas, yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 59, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desember 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kelas VIII C sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII A sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah menggunakan Sampling acak sederhana yaitu mencampur subjek-subjek didalam populasi sehingga semua subjek dianggap sama (Suharsimi Arikunto, 2006). Dengan demikian maka peneliti memberi hak yang sama kepada subjek untuk memperoleh kesempatan dipilih menjadi sampel. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji t independent .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 428, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa t hitung > t tabel yang berarti H 1 diterima dan H O ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan penggunaan metode quantum learning terhadap minat belajar siswa dan penguasaan konsep biologi. Hasil perhitungan data menggunakan uji t independent pada penelitian disajikan pada tabel dibawah ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 429, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 443, "width": 386, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Perhitungan Uji t Angket Minat Belajar Karakteristik Hasil Kesimpulan Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol T hitung 5,83 H 1 Diterima T tabel 1,6669", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 429, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut, didapatkan hasil t hitung = 5,83 sedangkan t tabel =1,6669 dengan db 67. Dengan demikian diketahui bahwa t hitung > t tabel yaitu 5,83 >1,6669 yang berarti H 1 diterima dan H o ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan penggunaan metode quantum learning terhadap minat belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 88, "width": 394, "height": 128, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Perhitungan Uji t Tes Penguasaan Konsep Karakteristik Hasil Kesimpulan Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol T hitung 12,97 H 1 Diterima T tabel 1,6669", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 429, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari perhitungan tersebut didapatkan hasil t hitung = 12,97 sedangkan t tabel = 1,6669 dengan db 67. Dengan demikian diketahui bahwa t hitung > t tabel yaitu 12,97 >1,6669 yang berarti H 1 diterima dan H O ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan penggunaan metode quantum learning terhadap penguasaan konsep biologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis data angket minat belajar yang diperoleh, peningkatan dari setiap indikator minat belajar siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 465, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 478, "width": 399, "height": 160, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai Rata-Rata Setiap Indikator Minat Belajar Pada Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kelas Kontrol No. Indikator Minat Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol 1. Perasaan Senang 98,09% 95,11% 2. Ketertarikan Siswa 81,63% 77,82% 3. Perhatian Siswa 73,48% 63,11% 4. Keterlibatan Siswa 40,83% 34,58%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai minat belajar siswa, diketahui bahwa persentase dari setiap indikator diatas pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol terdapat perbedaan. Perbedaan tersebut setelah minat belajar siswa menggunakan metode quantum learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 48, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode quantum learning mempengaruhi setiap indikator minat belajar siswa lebih besar daripada minat belajar siswa pada kelas kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 429, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diketahui rata-rata nilai akhir siswa kelas eksperimen berbeda signifikan dengan kelas kontrol. Pada kelas eksperimen dalam proses pembelajaran menggunakan metode quantum learning diperoleh nilai rata-rata 76,14. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran ceramah diperoleh rata-rata 70,73. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan metode quantum learning memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 429, "height": 232, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan penguasaan konsep biologi ini disebabkan karena kelas eksperimen menggunakan metode quantum learning yang mana siswa belajar dengan gaya belajar yang mereka sukai. Quantum learning pada kelompok eksperimen mengakomodasi siswa dengan gaya belajar visual melalui tulisan dan lembar diskusi siswa yang disertai gambar-gambar yang berwarna. Siswa dengan gaya belajar auditori diakomodasi melalui penyampaian konsep dengan intonasi yang jelas dan guru juga memberikan penekanan suara pada beberapa kalimat penting. Sedangkan siswa kinestetik diakomodasi dengan diskusi kelompok agar mereka bisa selalu berinteraksi dengan teman-temannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain hasil tes penguasaan konsep, peneliti juga meneliti minat belajar siswa. Dengan menggunakan indikator minat belajar yang dikembangkan oleh safari yaitu perasaan senang, ketertarikan siswa, perhatian siswa dan keterlibatan siswa (Safari, 2005). Dalam menilai minat belajar digunakan angket minat belajar siswa. Angket minat belajar dijadikan sebagai nilai pokok minat belajar siswa. Selanjutnya nilai angket minat belajar yang telah diperoleh akan dikonveksikan yang terdiri dari sangat setuju,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 275, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 439, "top": 50, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 61, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 429, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "setuju, tidak setuju dan sangat tidak setuju (Suharsimi Arikunto, 2013). Hasil perhitungan uji-t diketahui bahwa t hitung > t tabel yaitu 5,8334 > 1,6669 yang berarti H 1 diterima dan H 0 ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan penggunaan metode quantum learning terhadap minat belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 429, "height": 480, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan konsep biologi dan minat belajar siswa yang menggunakan metode quantum learning lebih tinggi dari pada hasil penguasaan konsep biologi dan minat belajar yang menggunakan metode ceramah. Perbedaan hasil yang diperoleh antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol terjadi karena telah diterapkannya metode quantum learning . Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan peneliti terhadap siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung menunjukkan perbedaan aktivitas siswa yaitu: (1) semua siswa mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, (2) semua siswa terlibat dalam memahami materi pelajaran, (3) terjadi peningkatan keaktifan siswa dalam mengemukakan pendapat, komentar dan pertanyaan, dan (4) semua siswa aktif dalam berdiskusi dan berkerjasama dalam kelompok. Perbedaan keaktifan dan kreativitas siswa terjadi karena pembelajaran melalui metode quantum learning sangat disukai siswa. Siswa menyukai metode quantum learning karena metode pembelajaran ini memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran dengan cara-cara yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan (Bobbi Deporter & Mike Hernacki, 2011). Siswa diminta menyelesaikan tugasnya dalam kelompok, dimana tiap kelompok terdiri dari enam orang, siswa akan terlatih menerapkan konsep bertukarpikiran dan pendapat untuk dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 705, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran berlangsung dengan suasana yang menarik, menyenangkan jauh dari kesan kaku dan menegangkan. Pembelajaran yang menyenangkan adalah pembelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 275, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 439, "top": 50, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 61, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 429, "height": 398, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang membuat anak didik tidak takut salah, ditertawakan, diremehkan, atau merasa tertekan (Aquillaningtyas Septawulan, 2012). Dalam hal ini, guru dituntut untuk menciptakan kondisi pembelajaran sedemikian rupa sehingga siswa menjadi betah belajar karena pembelajaran yang dijalani menyenangkan dan bermakna. Pembelajaran menyenangkan juga berarti pembelajaran yang interaktif dan menarik, sehingga siswa dapat memusatkan perhatian terhadap pembelajaran yang sedang dijalananinya (Bobbi Deporter & Mike Hernacki, 2011). Proses pembelajaran quantum learning yang dilakukan dapat mengubah situasi belajar yang membosankan menjadi menarik sehingga dapat merangsang siswa untuk aktif berdiskusi, berlatih berbahasa, berfikir secara kritis, logis dan kreatif. Dengan menerapkan metode quantum learning telah meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam menyampaikan pendapat, baik bertanya maupun menjawab pertanyaan. Metode pembelajaran quantum learning yaitu menciptakan suasana yang menimbulkan kenyamanan dan rasa santai. Keadaan santai mendorong siswa untuk dapat berkonsentrasi dengan sangat baik dan mampu belajar dengan sangat mudah (Bobbi Deporter & Mike Hernacki, 2011)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 511, "width": 428, "height": 205, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telah dijelaskan sebelumnya bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan metode quantum learning adalah pembelajaran dengan cara yang menyenangkan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi penguasaan konsep biologi dan minat belajar siswa. Siswa dituntut aktif dan diberikan kesempatan untuk mengasimilasi informasi tersebut dengan pengenalan konsep dan mengorganisasikan informasi tersebut sebagai aplikasi dari konsep yang didapatkan dengan begitu siswa lebih memahami materi pembelajaran yang mempengaruhi penguasaan konsep dan minat belajar yang tinggi karena siswa lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 275, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 439, "top": 50, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 61, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 429, "height": 315, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil observasi terhadap kelas VIII C sebagai kelas eksperimen memperlihatkan bahwa kelas VIII C aktif dalam pembelajaran. Banyak siswa yang menunjukkan keseriusan dan keantusiasan dalam belajar. Meskipun demikian, ada juga siswa yang terlihat kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini terjadi karena sebagian siswa merasa teman sekelompoknya yang mempunyai kemampuan lebih tinggi sudah mampu menjawabnya, tanpa dibantu teman yang lain, selain itu ada juga siswa yang kurang tertarik dengan pelajaran biologi sehingga timbul keramaian dikelas. Namun secara klasikal penerapan metode quantum learning dalam pembelajaran biologi telah mampu meningkatkan partisipasi keaktifan siswa. Untuk observasi kelas kontrol terhadap kelas VIII A kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran karena siswa hanya mendengarkan penjelasan guru. Berdasarkan pembahasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode quantum learning berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar siswa dan penguasaan konsep biologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 143, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode quantum learning berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar siswa kelas VIII pada materi sistem pencernaan dan penggunaan metode quantum learning berpengaruh terhadap penguasaan konsep biologi VIII pada materi sistem pencernaan manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 429, "height": 176, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan tentang metode pembelajaran quantum learning untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa dan penguasaan konsep biologi kelas VIII SMPN 11 Bandar Lampung, maka penulis menggambarkan beberapa saran yang dapat digunakan sebagai tindak lanjut hasil penelitian ini yaitu: Guru hendaknya disamping menggunakan metode ceramah, guru juga perlu menggunakan metode quantum learning dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar penguasaan konsep kedepannya, pihak sekolah hendaknya lebih memperhatikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 275, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 439, "top": 50, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 61, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengajar dan siswa, supaya dapat memperbaiki proses belajar mengajar serta hasil belajar lebih meningkat seperti dengan menggunakan metode quantum learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepada peneliti lain, dapat melakukan penelitian serupa pada pokok bahasan lain, sehingga diperoleh informasi lebih luas tentang keafektifan metode quantum learning dalam pembelajaran biologi pada siswa, serta peneliti lain harus membuat permainan yang lebih menarik dan sugesti dalam proses belajar mengajar dan membuat suasana yang lebih nyaman dalam menerima materi yang diberikan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 442, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anas Sudijono. Pengantar Evaluasi Pendidikan . Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 376, "width": 434, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ari Widodo. Revisi Taksonomi Bloom Dan Pengembangan Butir Soal, Jurnal Penelitian Vol.4 No. 2. Bandung: FPMIPA, 2006.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arya Setya Nugroho. Peningkatan Penguasaan Konsep Dengan Model Pembelajaran Konsep Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Sekolah Dasar . JPGSD, 2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aquillaningtyas Septawulan. Belajar Biologi yang Menyenangkan dengan Permainan Kuartet dan Pemantapan Konsep secara Mandiri Melalui Blog . (Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur No. 18 Tahun ke-11), 2011.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bambang Soerjono. Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Matematika Siswa Melalui Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Quantum Learning Dengan Menciptakan Ruang Yang Kondusif Untuk Membangun Sugesti Siswa . (Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo, vol 2. No. 1 Maret 2014 ISSN: 2337.88166), 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beni Harsono. Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Antara Metode Ceramah Konvensional Dengan Ceramah Berbantuan Media Animasi . (Jurnal ISSN Vol. 9), 2009.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 619, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bobbi Deporter, dkk . 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(Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta), 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faisal Imam Prasetyo. Pengaruh Penerapan Quantum Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Surakarta. (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasan Biseri. Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Matematika Siswa Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Learning dengan Menciptakan Ruang yang Kondusif untuk Membangun Sugesti Siswa . (Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo), 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kusno and Purwanto. 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Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2002.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 431, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ratna Anggreani. Penerapan Quantum Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS kelas IV SDN Made II/476 surabaya ,(JPGSD FIP Univeritas negeri Surabaya)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Safari. Penulisan Butir Soal Berdasarkan Penilaian Berbasis Kompetensi . Jakarta: APSI Pusat, 2005.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santoso. A. B. Implementasi Model Pakem Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbahasa Indonesia Siswa di Sekolah Dasar .(Jurnal Pendidikan 12(1)). 2006.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 275, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOSFER BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 01- 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 439, "top": 50, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 61, "width": 73, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Slameto. Belajar & Faktor-Faktor Yamg Mempengaruhinya . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 135, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suciati Sudarisman. Memahami Hakikat Dan Krakteristik Pembelajaran Biologi Dalam Upaya Menjawab Tantangan Abad 21 Serta Optimalisasi Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 . (Jurnal florae volume 2 no 1 april 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 187, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sudjana . Metode Statistika. Bandung: Tarsito, 2005.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 335, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "305", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 115, "top": 86, "width": 397, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL SEPEDA MOTOR BEKAS DENGAN PENDEKATAN LOGIKA FUZZY INFRENCE SYSTEM MAMDANI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 136, "width": 273, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Sunoto Fakultas Teknik Matematika dan IPA, Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 191, "width": 273, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lukman Fakultas Teknik Matematika dan IPA, Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 258, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 280, "width": 428, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat cepat dalam bidang transportasi mengakibatkan cepatnya bermunculan sepeda motor-sepeda motor baru dalam waktu dekat. Sehingga memicu meningkatnya tingkat pembelian sepeda motor baru, dan juga meningkatkan tingkat penjualan sepeda motor bekas. Dikarenakan mayoritas masyarakat akan menjual sepeda motor lamanya terlebih dahulu untuk kemudian beralih membeli sepeda motor yang lebih baru dengan spesifikasi yang lebih canggih. Hanya saja selama ini transaksi jual beli sepeda motor bekas yang dilakukan oleh dealersepeda motor masih menggunakan cara manual dalam penentuan harga jualnya, yaitu berdasarkan perkiraan dimana hasilnya kurang akurat dan tidak sesuai dengan kondisi dari sepeda motor tersebut. Untuk itu dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dengan akurat sesuai dengan kondisi sepeda motor tesebut dan juga sesuai dengan harga jual dipasaran. Dalam penelitian ini dalam penentuan harga jualnya menggunakan logika fuzzy infrence system ( fis ) Mamdani. Dengan adanya sistem penentuan harga jual tadi diharapkan dapat memudahkan pihak dealer sepeda motor dalam menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dengan lebih akurat sesuai dengan kondisi dari sepeda motor yang akan dijual. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu berupa prototype yang dapat memproses masukan berupa kondisi fisik, aksesoris, minat pasar, dan harga beli baru dari sepeda motor menjadi keluaran berupa harga jual bekas sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 469, "width": 314, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: penentuan, logika fuzzy mamdani, harga jual, sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 491, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 513, "width": 428, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rapid technological developments in the field of transportation resulted in fast-emerging new motorcycle in the near future. So as trigger increased levels of purchasing a new motorcycle, and also increase the level of sales of second-hand motorcycle. Because the majority of people will sell the first ever motorcycle to then switch buy newer motorcycle with more advanced specs. It's just been buying and selling second-hand motorcycle made by motorcycle dealer still use the manual method of determining the selling price, which is based on estimates where the results are less accurate and not in accordance with the conditions of the motorcycle. For that we need a system that can determine the selling price of a used motorcycle with accurate according to the proficiency level motorcycle conditions and also in accordance with the market price. In this study the method of determining the selling price using Mamdani fuzzy infrence system (fis) logic. With a system of determining the selling price was expected to facilitate the cellular store in determining the selling price of a used sepeda motor more accurately in accordance with the conditions of a motorcycle to be sold. Results from this study is a prototype that can process input in the form of physical condition, accessorie, market interest, and the new purchase price of a motorcycle into the output of the selling price of a used motorcycle.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 671, "width": 339, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: determining, mamdani fuzzy logic, selling price, second-hand motorcycle.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 693, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 716, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.1 Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 733, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat cepat dari tahun ke tahun memicu terjadinya banyak perubahan. Salah satunya adalah pada bidang transportasi. Masyarakat yang dulu hanya berjalan kaki atau naik angkot dalam berpergian, sekarang sudah menggunakan sepeda motor yang lincah, irit, serta harga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "306", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang terjangkau. Untuk itu para pabrikansepeda motor saling bersaing dalam membuat sepeda motor yang semakin canggih, hal ini menyebabkan cepatnya bermunculan sepeda motor-sepeda motor baru dalam waktu singkat. Sehingga memicu meningkatnya tingkat pembelian sepeda motor baru, dan penjualan sepeda motor bekas. Dikarenakan mayoritas masyarakat akan menjual sepeda motor lamanya terlebih dahulu untuk kemudian beralih membeli sepeda motor yang lebih baru dengan spesifikasi yang lebih canggih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 155, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hanya saja kegiatan transaksi penjualan yang dilakukan oleh dealer sepeda motor masih menggunakan cara manual dalam penentuan harga jualnya, dimana penentuan harga jualnya hanya berdasarkan perkiraan. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan dalam menentukan harga jual sepeda motor antara karyawan dealer yang berbeda, dan itu pun harus dikonfirmasi terlebih dahulu oleh pemilik dealer untuk disetujui agar terjadi kesepakatan harga jual antara pihak dealer dan pihak penjual sepeda motor. Sehingga proses dalam penentuan harga jual menjadi lebih lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 224, "width": 428, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem ini dapat membantu proses penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dengan lebih cepat. Dan juga keakuratannya akan lebih terjamin dimana penentuannya didasarkan pada kriteria dan bobot yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, sehingga hal ini dapat memperlancar transaksi jual beli yang terjadi pada dealer sepeda motor. Selain itu dengan penggunaan sistem ini dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan pihak yang menjual sepeda motor kepada pihak dealer sepeda motor dikarenakan penentuan harga jual sepeda motor tidak hanya didasarkan pada perkiraan saja melainkan melalui perhitungan bobot pada tiap-tiap kriteria yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 312, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.2 Pengertian Sistem Pendukung Keputusan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 329, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sistem adalah suatu kesatuan usaha yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang berkaitan satu sama lain yang berusaha mencapai suatu tujuan dalam suatu lingkungan kompleks. Pengertian tersebut mencerminkan adanya beberapa bagian dan hubungan antara bagian, ini menunjukkan kompleksitas dari sistem yang meliputi kerja sama antara bagian yang independent satu sama lain. Selain itu dapat dilihat bahwa sistem berusaha mencapai tujuan. Pencapaian tujuan ini menyebabkan timbulnya dinamika, perubahan-perubahan yang terus-menerus perlu dikembangkan dan dikendalikan [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 398, "width": 430, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sistem pendukung keputusan sebagai sekumpulan prosedur berbasis model untuk data pemrosesan dan penilaian guna membantu para manajer mengambil keputusan untuk sukses, sistem tersebut haruslah sederhana, cepat, mudah dikontrol, adaptif lengkap dengan isu-isu penting, dan mudah berkomunikasi [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 433, "width": 427, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari definisi tersebut, dapat diindikasikan empat karakteristik utama dari sistem pendukung keputusan, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 459, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Sistem pendukung keputusan menggabungkan data dan model menjadi satu bagian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 471, "width": 420, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sistem pendukung keputusan dirancang untuk membantu para manajer (pengambil keputusan) dalam proses pengambil keputusan dari masalah yang bersifat semi struktural (tidak terstruktur).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 494, "width": 420, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Sistem pendukung keputusan lebih cenderung dipandang sebagai penunjang penilaian manajer dan sama sekali bukan untuk menggantikannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 517, "width": 420, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Teknik sistem pengambil keputusan dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari pengambil keputusan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 427, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aplikasi dari sistem pengambil keputusan baru dapat dikatakan berhasil atau bermanfaat, jika terdapat kondisi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 570, "width": 340, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Eksistensi dari basis data yang sangat besar, sehingga sulit mendayagunakannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 581, "width": 355, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kepentingan adanya transformasi dan komputasi pada proses pencapaian keputusan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 593, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Adanya keterbatasan waktu, baik dalam penentuan hasil maupun dalam prosesnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 604, "width": 420, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kepentinganakan penilaian atas pertimbangan akal sehat untuk menentukan dan mengetahui pokok permasalahan, serta pengembangan alternatif dan penilain solusi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 102, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.3 Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 652, "width": 427, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari latar belakang diatas maka didapatkan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut, bagaimana membuat sistem penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas agar dapat membantu dealer sepeda motor dalam menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dengan akurat dan mudah, sesuai dengan kriteria dan bobot yang telah ditentukan?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.4 Batasan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dikarenakan banyaknya merk, tipe serta jenis sistem operasi dari sepeda motor itu sendiri dan juga keterbatasan pengetahuan dari penulis, maka penulis menetapkan ruang lingkup dan batasan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "307", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 86, "width": 406, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Penentuan harga jual hanya terbatas pada merk sepeda motorHonda, Yamaha, Suzuki, dan Kawasaki.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 110, "width": 405, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Variabel fuzzy yang digunakan meliputi variabel input yaitu Kondisi Fisik, Kondisi Aksesoris,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 122, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minat Pasar, dan Harga Beli Baru. Serta variabel output yaitu Harga Jual Bekas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 143, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.5 Tujuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 160, "width": 312, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan rumusan masalah diatas, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 175, "width": 307, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Membangun sistem untuk menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 187, "width": 406, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Meningkatkan keakuratan dan kemudahan dalam penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas yang didasarkan pada kriteria dan bobot yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 212, "width": 406, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Mengimplementasikan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani yang dapat digunakan untuk sistem penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 244, "width": 63, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.6 Manfaat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 261, "width": 143, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 277, "width": 375, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dapat membantu dealer sepeda motor dalam menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 289, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dapat mempercepat proses penentuan harga jual.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 302, "width": 387, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Dapat menghasilkan harga jual sepeda motor yang lebih akurat dengan data-data yang jelas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 323, "width": 156, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 343, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Pengertian Fuzzy Logic", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 363, "width": 428, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum munculnya teori fuzzy logic dikenal sebuah logika tegas ( crisp logic ) yang memiliki nilai benar dan salah secara tegas. Sebaliknya fuzzy logic adalah Suatu logika yang memiliki nilai kekaburan atau kesamaran ( fuzzyness ) antara benar dan salah. Dalam teori fuzzy logic suatu nilai bisa bernilai benar dan salah secara bersamaan. Namun berapa besar kebenaran dan kesalahan suatu nilai tergantung pada bobot keanggotaan yang dimilikinya. Orang yang belum mengenal fuzzy logic pasti akan mengira bahwa fuzzy logic adalah suatu yang amat rumit dan tidak menyenangkan. Namun, sekali orang mengenalnya, ia pasti akan sangat tertarik dan akan menjadi pendatang baru untuk ikut serta mempelajarinya. Fuzzy logic dikatakan sebagai logika baru yang lama, sebab ilmu tentang fuzzy logic modern dan metodis baru ditemukan beberapa tahun yang lalu, padahal sebenarnya konsep tentang fuzzy logic itu sendiri sudah ada pada diri kita sejak lama. Fuzzy logic adalah suatu cara yang tepat untuk memetakan suatu ruang input ke dalam suatu ruang output [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 497, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Logika Fuzzy Infrence System Mamdani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 514, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani sering juga dikenal dengan nama Metode Max–Min. Metode ini diperkenalkan oleh Ebrahim Mamdani pada tahun 1975 [3]. U ntuk mendapatkan output, diperlukan 4 tahapan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 552, "width": 406, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pembentukan himpunan fuzzy . Menentukan variabel fuzzy dan himpunan fuzzinya. Kemudian tentukan derajat keanggotaan antara data masukan fuzzy dengan himpunan fuzzy yang telah didefenisikan untuk setiap variabel masukan sistem dari setiap aturan fuzzy .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 587, "width": 406, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Aplikasi fungsi implikasi pada logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani. Fungsi implikasi yang digunakan adalah min. Hasil implikasi fuzzy dari setiap aturan ini kemudian digabungkan untuk menghasilkan keluaran infrensi fuzzy .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 621, "width": 406, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Komposisi Aturan ( rule ). Tidak seperti penalaran monoton, apabila sistem terdiri dari beberapa aturan, maka infrensi diperoleh dari kumpulan dan korelasi antar aturan. Ada 3 metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan inferensi sistem fuzzy , yaitu: max, additive dan Jumlah babilistik OR.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 667, "width": 406, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Penegasan ( defuzzy ). Input dari Proses defuzzifikasi adalah suatu himpunan fuzzy yang diperoleh dari komposisi aturan-aturan fuzzy , sedangkan output yang dihasilkan merupakan suatu bilangan pada domain himpunan fuzzy tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 708, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Motivasi utama teori fuzzy logic adalah memetakan sebuah ruang input ke dalam ruang output dengan menggunakan IF–THEN Rule. Pemetaan dilakukan dalam suatu FIS, urutan rule bisa sembarang. FIS mengevaluasi semua rule secara simultan untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan. Oleh karenanya, semua rule harus didefinisikan lebih dahulu sebelum kita membangun sebuah FIS yang akan digunakan untuk menginterpretasikan semua rule tersebut. Mekanisme dalam FIS bisa dirangkum yaitu: FIS adalah sebuah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "308", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 86, "width": 427, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "metode yang menginterpretasikan harga-harga dalam vektor input, menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan sekumpulan IF-THEN rule yang diberikan, dan kemudian menghasilkan vektor output [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Proses Penjualan Sepeda motor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 137, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada proses penjualan sepeda motor beberapa prosedur harus dilakukan oleh pihak dealer sepeda motor terhadap sepeda motor yang akan dijual. Pertama yaitu mengecek dan mencocokan kesamaan no mesin dan rangka pada sepeda motor dengan no mesin dan rangka yang ada pada surat-surat dari sepeda motor tersebut baik STNK ataupun BPKB. Selanjutnya menanyakan kepada pemilik sepeda motor apakah sepeda motor sudah pernah dibeli orang lain sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 195, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terakhir mengecek kelengkapan dari sepeda motor tersebut seperti STNK, BPKB, Faktur, dan lain- lain sesuai dengan merk dan tipe sepeda motor tersebut. Setelah semua prosedur dilakukan dan memenuhi syarat maka barulah dilakukan penafsiran harga jual dari sepeda motor bekas tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 238, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.4 Penentuan Harga Jual Bekas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah prosedur pengecekan pada proses penjualan dilakukan, baru penentuan harga jual bekas dilakukan. Dan yang menjadi faktor penentu tinggi rendahnya harga jual bekas adalah yang pertama adalah kondisi fisik dari sepeda motor tersebut. Faktor berikutnya adalah kondisi aksesorissepeda motor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 289, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya faktor yang menjadi penentu harga jual bekas adalah minat pasar dari sepeda motor tersebut. Faktor lainnya yang menjadi penentu harga jual bekas adalah harga beli baru sepeda motor tersebut. Dan yang menjadi faktor terakhir adalah harga jual bekas dipasaran, dimana menjadi acuan paling penting dalam penentuan harga jual bekas, karena harga jual dipasaran lah yang menjadi dasar harga dari penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 369, "width": 102, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Penerapan Logika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 388, "width": 427, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penyusunan penerapan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani untuk menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas ini terdapat beberapa langkah yang harus dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data yang valid dalam penyusunannya. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil berupa harga jual bekas yang sesuai dengan harga jual bekas dipasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 427, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dan percobaan, maka didapatlah hasil penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dengan menerapkan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani dengan Matlab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 465, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1.1 Menentukan Himpunan Fuzzy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 485, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Variabel Kondisi Fisik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel input kondisi fisik merupakan kondisi luar yang tampak atau kelihatan dari body atau badan dari sepeda motor, semakin banyaknya goresan yang terlihat pada body akan semakin menurunkan harga jual. Range dan domain dari variabel kondisi fisik dapat terlihat pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 545, "width": 297, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Kondisi fisik No Himpunan Range Domain 1 Kurang 1 – 10 0 – 4 2 Sedang 1 – 10 3 – 7 3 Bagus 1 – 10 6 - 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 428, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel kondisi fisik dibagi menjadi 3 himpunan fuzzy yaitu: Kurang, Sedang, dan Bagus. Himpunan fuzzy Kurang akan memiliki domain [0 - 4] dimana derajat keanggotaan Kurang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka 0 – 3. Himpunan fuzzy Sedang memiliki domain [3 - 7] dimana derajat keanggotaan Sedang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada nilai 5. Himpunan fuzzy Bagus akan memiliki domain [6 - 10] dimana derajat keanggotaan Bagus tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 7. Variabel kondisi fisik dipresentasikan dengan fungsi keanggotaan bahu dan segitiga. Hasil pengolahan himpunan dengan program Matlab dapat terlihat seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "309", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 177, "width": 303, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Grafik Variabel Kondisi Fisik Dan persamaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 211, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "µKurang[x] = (1) µSedang[x] = (2) µBagus[x] = (3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 334, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Variabel Kondisi Aksesoris", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 353, "width": 428, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel input kondisi aksesoris merupakan kondisi kelengkapan pendukung utama yang ada pada sepeda motor tersebut. Aksesoris tersebut antara lain meliputi striping, warna cat, dan aksesoris lainnya. Apabila terdapat kekurangan dari kondisi normal pada aksesoris tadi, maka akan mengurangi harga jual. Range dan domain dari variabel kondisi aksesoris dapat terlihat pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 407, "width": 297, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Kondisi aksesoris No Himpunan Range Domain 1 Kurang 1 – 10 0 – 4 2 Sedang 1 – 10 3 – 7 3 Baik 1 – 10 6 – 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 474, "width": 428, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel kondisi aksesoris dibagi menjadi 3 himpunan fuzzy yaitu: Kurang, Sedang, dan Baik. Himpunan fuzzy Kurang akan memiliki domain [0 - 4] dimana derajat keanggotaan Kurang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka 0 – 3. Himpunan fuzzy Sedang memiliki domain [3 - 7] dimana derajat keanggotaan Sedang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada nilai 5. Himpunan fuzzy Baik akan memiliki domain [6 - 10] dimana derajat keanggotaan Baik tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 7. Variabel kondisi aksesoris dipresentasikan dengan fungsi keanggotaan bahu dan segitiga. Hasil pengolahan himpunan dengan program Matlab dapat terlihat seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 658, "width": 199, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Grafik Variabel Kondisi Aksesoris", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 99, "top": 677, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan persamaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 699, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "µKurang[x] =", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 493, "top": 699, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 743, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "µSedang[x] =", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 743, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "310", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 105, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "µBaik[x] =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 465, "top": 105, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(6)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 136, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Variabel Minat Pasar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 155, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel input minat pasar merupakan banyak sedikitnya permintaan suatu sepeda motor, dimana hal ini mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya harga jual bekas. Range dan domain dari variabel minat pasar dapat terlihat pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 190, "width": 297, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Minat pasar No Himpunan Range Domain 1 Rendah 1 – 10 0 – 4 2 Sedang 1 – 10 3 – 7 3 Tinggi 1 – 10 6 – 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 260, "width": 428, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel minat pasar dibagi menjadi 3 himpunan fuzzy yaitu: Rendah, Sedang, dan Tinggi. Himpunan fuzzy Rendah akan memiliki domain [0 - 4] dimana derajat keanggotaan Rendah tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka 0 – 3. Himpunan fuzzy Sedang memiliki domain [3 - 7] dimana derajat keanggotaan Sedang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada nilai 5. Himpunan fuzzy Tinggi akan memiliki domain [6 - 10] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 7. Variabel minat pasar dipresentasikan dengan fungsi keanggotaan bahu dan segitiga. Hasil pengolahan himpunan dengan program Matlab dapat terlihat seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 443, "width": 211, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Grafik Variabel Kondisi Minat Pasar", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 466, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan persamaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 428, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "µRendah[x] = (7) µSedang[x] = (8)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 561, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "µTinggi[x] =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 465, "top": 561, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(9)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 595, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d) Variabel Harga Beli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 618, "width": 428, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Harga Beli didasarkan pada harga beli yang ada dipasaran saat ini. Range dan domain dari variabel harga beli dapat terlihat pada tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 649, "width": 291, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Harga beli No Himpunan Domain 1 Sangat Murah 8.000.000 – 15.000.000 2 Murah 15.000.000 – 24.000.000 3 Normal 24.000.000 – 41.000.000 4 Mahal 41.000.000 – 53.000.000 5 Sangat Mahal 53.000.000 – 75.000.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 740, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diketahui range harga beli adalah dari 8.000.000 sampai dengan 75.000.000. Variabel ini terdiri dari himpunan Sangat Murah, Murah, Normal, Mahal, Sangat Mahal, sehingga didapatkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "311", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 86, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "y1 = 8.000.000", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 97, "width": 94, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "y2 = 75.000.000 x1 = 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 120, "width": 432, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "x2 = 10 1 2 1 2 x x y y x    (10)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 167, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑚", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 170, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 7.444.444,4444", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 190, "width": 435, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑦 − 𝑦 1= m ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1) (11)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 99, "top": 201, "width": 183, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑦 =7.444.444,4444 𝑥 + 555.555,5556", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 223, "width": 95, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4444 , 444 . 444 . 7 5556 , 555 . 555   y x", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 146, "top": 266, "width": 265, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Harga beli setelah dikonversi No Himpunan Domain 1 Sangat Murah 1 – 1,94 2 Murah 1,94 – 3,15 3 Normal 3,15 – 5,44 4 Mahal 5,44 – 7,045 5 Sangat Mahal 7,045 – 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 359, "width": 428, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel harga beli dibagi menjadi 5 himpunan fuzzy yaitu: Sangat Murah, Murah, Normal, Mahal, Sangat Mahal. Himpunan fuzzy Sangat Murah akan memiliki domain [1 – 1,94] dimana derajat keanggotaan Rendah tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka 1,5. Himpunan fuzzy Murah memiliki domain [1,94 – 3,15] dimana derajat keanggotaan Sedang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada nilai 2,5. Himpunan fuzzy Normal akan memiliki domain [3,15 - 5,44] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 4,5. Himpunan fuzzy Mahal akan memiliki domain [5,44 - 7,045] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 6,5. Himpunan fuzzy Sangat Mahal akan memiliki domain [7,045 - 10] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 8,5. Hasil pengolahan himpunan dengan program Matlab dapat terlihat seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 571, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Grafik Variabel Harga Beli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 594, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e) Variabel Harga Jual Bekas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 617, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel harga jual bekas merupakan variabel output yang diharapkan dalam sistem ini. Harga jual bekas yang dihasilkan dari sistem ini diharapkan sesuai atau mendekati harga jual bekas yang ada dipasaran saat ini. Range dan domain dari variabel harga beli dapat terlihat pada tabel di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 659, "width": 292, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Harga jual bekas No Himpunan Domain 1 Sangat Rendah 4.000.000 – 11.000.000 2 Murah 11.000.000 – 19.000.000 3 Normal 19.000.000 – 35.000.000 4 Mahal 35.000.000 – 48.000.000 5 Sangat Mahal 48.000.000 – 70.000.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 746, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diketahui range harga jual bekas adalah dari 4.000.000 sampai dengan 70.000.000. Variabel ini terdiri dari himpunan Sangat Rendah, Murah, Normal, Mahal, Sangat Mahal, sehingga didapatkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "312", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 86, "width": 94, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "y1 = 4.000.000 y2 = 70.000.000 x1 = 1 x2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 120, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 132, "width": 432, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 2 1 2 x x y y x    (12) 𝑚 = 7.333.333,3333", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 176, "width": 428, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑦 − 𝑦 1= 𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1) (13)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 186, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑦 =7.333.333,3333 𝑥 – 3.333.333,3333", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 231, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3333 , 333 . 333 . 7", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 73, "top": 212, "width": 96, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3333 , 333 . 333 . 3   y x", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 253, "width": 266, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Harga jual bekas setelah dikonversi No Himpunan Domain 1 Sangat Rendah 1 – 2 2 Murah 2 – 3,045 3 Normal 3,045 – 5,201 4 Mahal 5,201 – 7 5 Sangat Mahal 7 – 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 343, "width": 428, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel harga beli dibagi menjadi 5 himpunan fuzzy yaitu: Sangat Rendah, Murah, Normal, Mahal, Sangat Mahal. Himpunan fuzzy Sangat Rendah akan memiliki domain [1 – 2] dimana derajat keanggotaan Rendah tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka 1,5. Himpunan fuzzy Murah memiliki domain [2 – 3,045] dimana derajat keanggotaan Sedang tertinggi (=1) terletak pada nilai 2,5. Himpunan fuzzy Normal akan memiliki domain [3,045 - 5,201] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 4,5. Himpunan fuzzy Mahal akan memiliki domain [5,201 - 7] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 6,3. Himpunan fuzzy Sangat Mahal akan memiliki domain [7 - 10] dimana derajat keanggotaan Tinggi tertinggi (=1) terletak pada angka ≥ 8,5. Hasil pengolahan himpunan dengan program Matlab dapat terlihat seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 548, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Grafik Variabel Harga Jual Bekas", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 192, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1.2 Pembentukan Basis Pengetahuan Fuzzy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 589, "width": 427, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap berikutnya membentuk basis pengetahuan yang berisi aturan-aturan ( rule ) dalam bentuk IF … THEN yang disesuaikan dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Terdapat 13 aturan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 427, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[R1] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Baik And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Sangat_Murah Then HargaJualBekas is Sangat_Rendah. [R2] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Baik And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Murah Then HargaJualBekas is Murah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 425, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[R3] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Baik And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Normal Then HargaJualBekas is Normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 425, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[R4] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Baik And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Mahal Then HargaJualBekas is Mahal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 703, "width": 428, "height": 64, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[R5] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Baik And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Sangat_Mahal Then HargaJualBekas is Sangat_Mahal. [R6] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Rendah And HargaBeli is Murah Then HargaJualBekas is Sangat_Rendah. [R7] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Rendah And HargaBeli is Normal Then HargaJualBekas is Murah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "313", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 86, "width": 426, "height": 107, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[R8] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Rendah And HargaBeli is Mahal Then HargaJualBekas is Noramal. [R9] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Rendah And HargaBeli is Sangat_Mahal Then HargaJualBekas is Mahal. [R10] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Murah Then HargaJualBekas is Sangat_Rendah. [R11] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Normal Then HargaJualBekas is Murah. [R12] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Mahal Then HargaJualBekas is Normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 194, "width": 425, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[R13] IF KFisik is Bagus And KAksesoris is Kurang And MinatPasar is Tinggi And HargaBeli is Sangat_Mahal Then HargaJualBekas is Mahal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 227, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1.3 Aplikasi Fungsi Implikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 247, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fungsi ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai α-predikat hasil implikasi dengan cara memilih output himpunan fuzzy sesuai dengan derajat keanggotaan yang terkecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 284, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1.4 Komposisi Antar – Rule", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 307, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solusi himpunan fuzzy diperoleh dengan cara mengambil nilai maksimum aturan, kemudian menggunakannya untuk memodifikasi daerah fuzzy , dan mengaplikasikannya ke output dengan menggunakan operator OR ( union ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 353, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1.5 Defuzzyfikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 376, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Input dari proses defuzzifikasi adalah suatu himpunan fuzzy yang diperoleh dari komposisi aturan- aturan fuzzy , sedangkan output yang dihasilkan merupakan suatu bilangan pada domain himpunan fuzzy tersebut. Sehingga jika diberikan suatu himpunan fuzzy dalam range tertentu, maka harus diambil suatu nilai crsip tertentu sebagai output. Dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode centroid , dimana solusi crisp diperoleh dengan cara mengambil titik pusat (Z*) daerah fuzzy . Secara umum dirumuskan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 441, "width": 64, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "   dZ Z ZdZ Z Z ) ( ) ( *  ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 509, "top": 452, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(14)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 99, "top": 489, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari proses-proses fuzzy fikasi yang telah dilakukan diatas, maka akan didapatkan harga jual sepeda motor bekas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 522, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Implementasi Program", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 538, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengimplementasian program pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Matlab dalam menerapkan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani pada penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas. Berikut adalah hasil implementasi logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani dalam penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas. Tahapan-tahapan yang perlu dilakukan diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 585, "width": 406, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Pembentukan rule editor , yaitu tempat dimana rule-rule dikelola, baik itu untuk menambah, menghapus, dan juga mengubah rule . Pada rule editor lah rule dikelola agar nantinya sistem dapat menghasilkan output harga jual bekas sesuai dengan yang input yang dilakukan pada variabel-variabel input.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 263, "top": 760, "width": 97, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Rule Editor", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal SIMETRIS, Vol 6 No 2 November 2015 ISSN: 2252-4983", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 797, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "314", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 91, "width": 407, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Pembuatan prototyping yang merupakan bagian dari produk yang mengekspresikan logika maupun fisik antarmuka eksternal yang ditampilkan [5]. Tampilan graphic user interface yang merupakan tampilan hasil eksekusi program dan tempat memasukkan nilai pada tiap-tiap variabel input. Setelahnya dapat dilihat hasil atau output dari program tersebut. Tampilan program penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dapat dilihat pada gambar di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 332, "width": 148, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Graphic User Interface", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 355, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 378, "width": 220, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 393, "width": 407, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Penentuan harga jual sepeda motor bekas dapat menerapkan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani. Dengan ini dealer-dealer dapat menggunakan sistem ini untuk membantu menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas, dimana harga jual yang dihasilkan sudah sesuai dengan harga jual standart sepeda motor bekas di pasaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 439, "width": 407, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Penerapan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani untuk menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekas ini dapat menggunakan Matlab R2009b dalam pemodelan sistemnya yang biasanya Matlab memang digunakan sebagai pendukung penelitian, sehingga bisa dikembangka dengan menggunakan alat bantu lain seperti Delphi, PHP, Visual Basic, Java dan lain sebagainya agar nantinya bisa didapatkan interface yang lebih interaktif bagi user dan dapat digunakan untuk halayak luas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 508, "width": 407, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Penerapan logika fuzzy infrence system Mamdani disini hanya sebatas pada menentukan harga jual sepeda motor bekasnya saja, tidak sampai pada pengambilan keputusan apakah suatu dealer sepeda motor akan mengambil atau membeli sepeda motor bekas yang dijual ke dealer tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi-kondisi dari sepeda motor seperti kondisi fisik, aksesoris, minat pasar, harga beli baru dan juga stok barang dengan kesesuaian kebijakan dealer tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 589, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 427, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Marimin, dan Nurul, (2010), Aplikasi Teknik Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Manajemen Rantai Pasok , IPB Press, Bogor.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] Efraim Turban, Jay E. Aronson, and Ting-Peng Liang. (2005). Decision Support System And Intelligent System-7th Ed. Pearson Education , New Jersey: Inc. Upper Saddle River.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 670, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] Kusumadewi, Sri, et al. (2006) Fuzzy Multi- Attribute Decision Making (Fuzzy MADM). Yogjakarta: Graha Ilmu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 698, "width": 427, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] Eng, Agus Naba. (2009). Belajar Cepat Fuzzy Logic menggunakan Matlab . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] Simarmata, Janner. (2010). Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 43, "width": 57, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 328, "top": 43, "width": 203, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "©Jurusan Teknik Sipil Itenas | No. 4 | Vol. 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 54, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Online Institut Teknologi Nasional", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 455, "top": 55, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 260, "top": 786, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 113, "width": 425, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 135, "width": 395, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2,38 mm ­ 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 193, "width": 235, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AHMAD RAMDANI, PRIYANTO SAELAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 220, "width": 311, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 263, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 288, "width": 400, "height": 187, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm tidak digunakan dalam campuran beton. Jika campuran beton dirancang menggunakan batu pecah ini sebagai agregat kasar, maka campuran beton yang dihasilkan diduga tidak akan mengalami segregasi untuk semua kelecakan, lebih homogen, dan jika diberi bahan tambahan superplasticizer diduga dapat dengan mudah berperilaku sebagai campuran beton memadat mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan dugaan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuat tekan rencana 30 MPa, slump 40 mm dan 100 mm, tanpa dan dengan bahan tambahan superplasticizer dengan dosis 1% dan 1,5%. Perancangan campuran beton dengan cara Dreux menggunakan faktor granular 0,40; 0,45; 0,50; dan 0,55. Pengujian kuat tekan pada benda uji silinder diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm membuktikan bahwa dugaan tersebut adalah benar, dan perancangan campuran beton dengan memperlakukan batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai agregat kasar dapat dilakukan untuk faktor granular 0,40 – 0,50.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 486, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm,agregat kasar,superplasticizer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 525, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 550, "width": 400, "height": 133, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.38 mm – 4.75 mm crushed aggregate size is not used in concrete mix. If this crushed aggregate is used as coarse aggregate, the resulting concrete mix is assumed will not segregate in all workability, more homogeneous, and it will behave easily as self-compacting concrete by adding superplasticizer. This research was conducted to prove these assumption. Concrete mix with compressive strength of 30 MPa, 40 mm and 100 mm slump is made using Dreux method with granular factor 0.40; 0.45; 0.50; and 0.55. The doses of superplasticizer is 1% and 1.5% by cement weight. Compressive strength tests of 10 cm diameter and 20 cm height cylinder diameter showed these assumption is true, and concrete mix can be designed using granular factor 0.40 – 0.50.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 695, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm crushed aggregate size, coarse aggregate, superplasticizer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 43, "width": 150, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Ramdani, Priyanto Saelan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 786, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 247, "top": 85, "width": 100, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 112, "width": 457, "height": 292, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum agregat dibedakan berdasarkan ukurannya, yaitu agregat halus dan agregat kasar. SNI 03–2834–2000 mendefinisikan bahwa agregat halus adalah butiran yang mempunyai ukuran 0,15 mm – 4,75 mm, sedangkan agregat kasar adalah butiran yang mempunyai ukuran antara 4,75 mm – 40 mm. Jika beton dibuat dengan ukuran maksimum butiran agregat kasar berdekatan dengan ukuran maksimum butiran agregat halus maka untuk semua tingkat kelecakan campuran beton segar, peluang terjadinya segregasi dapat dicegah. Penelitian dari Davey (1954) dalam Neville, A. M. (1981) yang menggunakan agregat kasar berukuran maksimum 20 mm, telah membuktikan bahwa jika campuran beton dibuat dengan faktor air-semen yang sama, serta permukaan spesifik total yang sama, akan menghasilkan kuat tekan yang sama. Yang menarik dari penelitian Davey (1954) adalah salah satu campurannya menggunakan pasir bergradasi seragam dengan ukuran 150 𝜇𝑚 – 300 𝜇𝑚 , yang merupakan ukuran terkecil dari butiran pasir, serta menggunakan agregat kasar dengan gradasi seragam berukuran 10 mm – 20 mm. Berdasarkan campuran dari penelitian Davey ini, jika ukuran agregat kasar diperkecil ukuran minimumnya menjadi butiran berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm, maka patut diduga agregat berukuran ini masih berperilaku sebagai agregat kasar. Dengan demikian ukuran agregat kasar dapat didefinisi ulang sebagai agregat yang berukuran lebih besar dari 2,38 mm, tidak lagi agregat yang berukuran lebih besar dari 4,75 mm. Agregat berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm diperlakukan sebagai agregat kasar. Jika campuran beton dirancang menggunakan agregat kasar berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm, maka campuran beton yang dihasilkan diduga tidak akan mengalami segregasi untuk semua kelecakan, lebih homogen, dan jika diberi bahan tambahan superplasticizer diduga dapat dengan mudah berperilaku sebagai campuran beton memadat mandiri ( self-compacting concrete).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 416, "width": 130, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 441, "width": 326, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Pengaruh Gradasi Agregat Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 455, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian mengenai pengaruh gradasi agregat dalam campuran beton terhadap kuat tekan beton telah dilakukan oleh Davey (1954) dalam Neville, A. M. (1981) yang hasilnya tertera pada Tabel 1 . Dalam penelitian tersebut gradasi agregat dinyatakan sebagai permukaan spesifik total yaitu luas permukaan total agregat per satuan massa agregat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 520, "width": 318, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pengaruh Gradasi Agregat Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 538, "width": 446, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gradasi Agregat [%] Ukuran Butiran 300– 150 µm 600– 300 µm 1,20 mm– 600 µm 2,40– 1,20 mm 4,76– 2,40 mm 9,52– 4,76 mm 19,05– 9,52 mm Specific Surface [m²/kg] Rasio Air / Semen Kuat Tekan 28 Hari [MPa] ASTM 50– 100 30– 50 16–30 8–16 3/16– 8 3/8– 3/16 3/4– 3/8 A 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,2 22,0 22,0 3,2 0,575 32,9 B 12,9 12,9 12,9 0 0 30,6 30,7 3,2 0,575 32,3 C 15,4 15,4 0 0 0 34,6 34,6 3,2 0,575 32,8 D 25,4 0 0 0 0 0 74,6 3,2 0,575 321", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 80, "top": 654, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Sumber: Neville, A. M., 1981)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 458, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada Tabel 1 , Davey (1954) dalam Neville, A. M. (1981) membuktikan bahwa gradasi agregat yang berbeda pada masing-masing campuran beton tidak berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan pada umur beton 28 hari selama nilai permukaan spesifik agregat dan faktor air-semen yang digunakan tetap. Hal ini juga berlaku untuk campuran beton yang memiliki gradasi ekstrim, menggunakan pasir bergradasi seragam berukuran 150 𝜇𝑚 – 300 𝜇𝑚 dan agregat kasar bergradasi seragam berukuran 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 42, "width": 297, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 260, "top": 786, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 457, "height": 172, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mm – 20 mm seperti yang terlihat pada campuran beton D. Penelitian terhadap pengaruh permukaan spesifik agregat terhadap kelecakan campuran beton segar pernah dilakukan juga oleh Newman dan Teychenne (1954) dalam Neville, A. M. (1981) yang hasilnya tertera pada Tabel 2 . Kelecakan campuran beton segar dinyatakan dalam faktor kepadatan. Pada Tabel 2 dapat diketahui bahwa pada campuran beton dengan berbagai zona gradasi pasir yang berbeda, dengan nilai permukaan spesifik agregat yang sama, dan faktor air-semen yang sama akan menghasilkan kuat tekan beton yang tidak jauh berbeda dan kelecakan beton segar yang sangat berdekatan. Ditinjau dari permukaan spesifik yang tidak berubah, hasil penelitian Newman dan Teychenne (1954) ini memperlihatkan pola yang sama dengan penelitian Davey (1954) mengenai kedekatan hasil kuat tekan yang dihasilkan dari berbagai campuran yang digunakan. Dari kedua penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa berbagai gradasi agregat tidak akan berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton dan kelecakan campuran beton segar selama permukaan spesifik total agregatnya sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 270, "width": 415, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Pengaruh Permukaan Spesifik terhadap Kelecakan Campuran Beton Segar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 288, "width": 389, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sifat-Sifat Beton Zona Gradasi Pasir 1 2 3 4 Permukaan spesifik [m²/kg] 2,55 2,55 2,55 2,55 Persen agregat lolos saringan 4,76 mm 46 36 29 24 Proporsi volume campuran 1 : 2 1 2 : 3 1 2 1 : 2 : 4 1 : 1 1 2 : 4 1 2 1 : 1 1 4 : 4 1 4 Air/semen [dalam berat] 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Faktor kepadatan 0,92 0,93 0,93 0,94 Kuat tekan 28 hari [MPa] 27,1 28,1 29,2 29,0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 384, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Sumber: Neville, A. M., 1981)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 408, "width": 457, "height": 199, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika pada Tabel 2 dikembangkan campuran E dengan cara memodifikasi ukuran butiran agregat kasar pada campuran D tetapi menggunakan agregat kasar berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm maka permukaan spesifik total agregat menjadi lebih besar dari 3,2 m 2 /kg. Agar permukaan spesifik agregat tetap 3,2 m 2 /kg maka secara teoritis butiran ukuran 150 𝜇𝑚 – 300 𝜇𝑚 harus dikurangi dan disebar pada ukuran lebih besar dari 150 𝜇𝑚 – 300 𝜇𝑚 sedemikian rupa sehingga permukaan spesifik total agregatnya tetap 3,2 m 2 /kg. Dengan demikian maka kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan pada campuran E diharapkan akan berdekatan dengan campuran A, B, C, dan D sebelum dimodifikasi. Campuran E ini merupakan campuran beton berbutir halus dimana butiran agregat berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm diperlakukan sebagai agregat kasar. Jika campuran beton dirancang menggunakan agregat kasar berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm, maka campuran beton yang dihasilkan diduga tidak akan mengalami segregasi untuk semua kelecakan, lebih homogen, dan jika diberi bahan tambahan superplasticizer diduga dapat dengan mudah berperilaku sebagai campuran beton memadat mandiri ( self- compacting concrete). Hal ini disebabkan karena ukuran butiran agregat kasar tidak berbeda jauh dengan ukuran maksimum agregat halus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 619, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 645, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Prosedur Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 658, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan metoda yang tertera pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 43, "width": 150, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Ramdani, Priyanto Saelan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 786, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 167, "top": 91, "width": 221, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kaji Literatur Mulai Topik Penelitian Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton Persiapan Alat dan Bahan untuk Pengujian Alat-Alat", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 236, "top": 227, "width": 215, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agregat Halus dan Kasar Semen dan Air Superplasticizer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 257, "width": 76, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Timbangan - Mixer Beton - Kerucut Abrams - Batang Besi Penusuk - Cetakan Silinder ukuran diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 138, "top": 307, "width": 38, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Sieve Shaker", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 251, "width": 219, "height": 251, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Dunagan - Mesin UTM ( Universal Testing Machine) Pengujian Sifat Fisik Agregat - Berat Jenis - Analisis Saringan Merancang Komposisi Campuran Beton menggunakan cara Dreux Gorisse Membuat Benda Uji Silinder Beton Melakukan Perawatan Benda Uji Selama 28 Hari Melakukan Pengujian Kuat Tekan Beton Umur 28 Hari Menganalisis Data Hasil Pengujian Membuat Kesimpulan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 293, "top": 521, "width": 18, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selesai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 197, "top": 538, "width": 203, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Bagan Alir Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Data Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 576, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari data hasil pengujian sifat fisik agregat dan data komposisi campuran beton. Data hasil pengujian sifat fisik agregat meliputi berat jenis, dan modulus kehalusan seperti yang tertera pada Tabel 3 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 628, "width": 219, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Pengujian Sifat Fisik Agregat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 646, "width": 356, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parameter Semen Agregat Kasar Agregat Halus Berat jenis kondisi SSD [kg/m 3 ] 3.150 2.500 2.667 Berat jenis kondisi kering udara [kg/m³] - 2.373 2.595 Modulus Kehalusan [FM] - - 2,316", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 715, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Variabel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 729, "width": 189, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 741, "width": 220, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) nilai slump sebesar 40 mm dan 100 mm;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 755, "width": 249, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) faktor granular 𝐺 (0,40; 0,45; 0,50; dan 0,55);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 42, "width": 297, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 260, "top": 786, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 84, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) campuran beton dirancang 2 macam yaitu tanpa bahan superplasticizer dan dengan superplasticizer dengan dosis 1% − 1,5% dari berat semen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 124, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4 Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 137, "width": 457, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data hasil pengujian dilakukan dengan cara membuat grafik yang menggambarkan hubungan antara kuat tekan rencana terhadap faktor granular (𝐺) berdasarkan tabel komposisi campuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 189, "width": 232, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 228, "width": 457, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil-hasil penelitian ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4 sampai dengan Tabel 9 , dan Gambar 2 sampai dengan Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 266, "width": 391, "height": 268, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Pengujian untuk Komposisi 1 m 3 Campuran Beton 𝒇 𝒄 ′ = 30 MPa, Slump Rencana 40 mm, Tanpa SP Bahan Jumlah Bahan untuk Nilai 𝑮 Tertentu [kg] 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,55 Semen 553,5 492 467,4 430,5 Pasir 0,15 mm – 2,38 mm 592,1 800,1 888,11 978,79 Batu Pecah 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm 842,5 715 637,5 587,5 Air Semula 244,89 237,9 244,59 241,45 Tambahan 14,35 15,15 15,26 15,67 Superplasticizer [SP] - - - - Slump aktual [cm] 2 0,5 1,5 0 Umur pengujian [hari] 14 14 14 14 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata pengujian [MPa] 26,43 22,72 25,48 19,11 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata 28 hari dari umur pengujian [MPa] 30,04 25,82 28,95 21,71 Fenomena segregasi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 224, "top": 43, "width": 150, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Ramdani, Priyanto Saelan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 786, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 85, "width": 392, "height": 261, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Pengujian untuk Komposisi 1m 3 Campuran Beton 𝒇 𝒄 ′ = 30 MPa, Slump rencana 40 mm, dengan SP = 1 % Berat Semen Bahan Jumlah Bahan untuk Nilai 𝑮 Tertentu [kg] 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,55 Semen 553,5 492 467,4 430,5 Pasir 0,15 mm – 2,38 mm 592,1 800,1 888,11 978,79 Batu Pecah 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm 842,5 715 637,5 587,5 Air Semula 244,89 237,9 244,59 241,45 Tambahan 14,35 15,15 15,26 15,67 Superplasticizer [SP] 2,77 2,46 2,34 2,15 Slumpslow aktual [cm] 61 50 58 49 Umur pengujian [hari] 14 14 19 18 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata pengujian [MPa] 26,11 21,66 17,52 15,29 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata 28 hari dari umur pengujian [MPa] 29,68 24,61 18,83 16,62 Fenomena segregasi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 358, "width": 389, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Pengujian untuk Komposisi 1m 3 Campuran Beton 𝒇 𝒄 ′ = 30 MPa, Slump rencana 40 mm, dengan SP = 1,5 % Berat Semen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 391, "width": 390, "height": 229, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan Jumlah Bahan untuk Nilai 𝑮 Tertentu [kg] 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,55 Semen 553,5 492 467,4 430,5 Pasir 0,15 mm – 2,38 mm 592,1 800,1 888,11 978,79 Batu Pecah 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm 842,5 715 637,5 587,5 Air Semula 244,89 237,9 244,59 241,45 Tambahan 14,35 15,15 15,26 15,67 Superplasticizer [SP] 5.54 4,92 4,67 4,3 Slumpflow aktual [cm] 66 52 55 50 Umur pengujian [hari] 14 14 19 18 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata pengujian [MPa] 23,25 21,66 17,52 12,74 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata 28 hari dari umur pengujian [MPa] 26,42 24,61 18,83 13,85 Fenomena segregasi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 42, "width": 297, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 260, "top": 786, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 85, "width": 393, "height": 261, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Pengujian untuk Komposisi 1m 3 Campuran Beton 𝒇 𝒄 ′ = 30 MPa, Slump rencana 100 mm, Tanpa SP Bahan Jumlah Bahan untuk Nilai 𝑮 Tertentu [kg] 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,55 Semen 602,7 541,2 504,3 467,4 Pasir 0,15 mm – 2,38 mm 711,29 800,1 888,11 978,79 Batu Pecah 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm 638,25 615 557,5 507,5 Air Semula 266,67 261,71 263,88 262,14 Tambahan 26,99 28,30 28,91 29,73 Superplasticizer [SP] - - - - Slump aktual [cm] 3 5,5 4,7 4 Umur pengujian [hari] 14 14 14 14 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata pengujian [MPa] 23,78 24,84 22,61 17,20 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata 28 hari dari umur pengujian [MPa] 27,02 28,23 25,69 19,54 Fenomena segregasi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 358, "width": 389, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Pengujian untuk Komposisi 1m 3 Campuran Beton 𝒇 𝒄 ′ = 30 MPa, Slump rencana 100 mm, dengan SP = 1 % Berat Semen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 391, "width": 390, "height": 229, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan Jumlah Bahan untuk Nilai 𝑮 Tertentu [kg] 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,55 Semen 602,7 541,2 504,3 467,4 Pasir 0,15 mm – 2,38 mm 711,29 800,1 888,11 978,79 Batu Pecah 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm 638,25 615 557,5 507,5 Air Semula 266,67 261,71 263,88 262,14 Tambahan 26,99 28,30 28,91 29,73 Superplasticizer [SP] 3,01 2,71 2,52 2,34 Slumpflow aktual [cm] 78,5 66,5 51 50 Umur pengujian [hari] 16 15 12 11 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata pengujian [MPa] 27,71 27,81 22,61 22,08 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata 28 hari dari umur pengujian [MPa] 30,79 31,25 27,77 28,26 Fenomena segregasi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 224, "top": 43, "width": 150, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Ramdani, Priyanto Saelan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 786, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 85, "width": 393, "height": 261, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Pengujian untuk Komposisi 1m 3 Campuran Beton 𝒇 𝒄 ′ = 30 MPa, Slump rencana 100 mm, dengan SP = 1,5 % Berat Semen Bahan Jumlah Bahan untuk Nilai 𝑮 Tertentu [kg] 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,55 Semen 602,7 541,2 504,3 467,4 Pasir 0,15 mm – 2,38 mm 711,29 800,1 888,11 978,79 Batu Pecah 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm 638,25 615 557,5 507,5 Air Semula 266,67 261,71 263,88 262,14 Tambahan 26,99 28,30 28,91 29,73 Superplasticizer [SP] 6,03 5,41 5,04 4,67 Slumpflow aktual [cm] 74 75 55 52 Umur pengujian [hari] 16 15 12 11 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata pengujian [MPa] 21,23 22,08 20,38 20,06 𝒇 𝒄 ′ rata-rata 28 hari dari umur pengujian [MPa] 23,59 27,12 25,03 25,68 Fenomena segregasi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi Tidak terjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 372, "width": 397, "height": 243, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Hubungan antara kuat tekan rata-rata terhadap faktor granular untuk slump rencana 4 cm dan slump rencana 10 cm tanpa SP -3 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 K U A T TE K A N ( M P a) FAKTOR GRANULAR G Kuat Tekan rencana 30 MPa Kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari untuk slump = 4 cm, tanpa SP", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 398, "top": 470, "width": 102, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari untuk slump = 10 cm, tanpa SP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 42, "width": 297, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 260, "top": 786, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 306, "width": 424, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Hubungan antara kuat tekan rata-rata terhadap faktor granular untuk slump rencana 4 cm dan slump rencana 10 cm dengan SP = 1 % berat semen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 572, "width": 434, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Hubungan antara kuat tekan rata-rata terhadap faktor granular untuk slump rencana 4 cm dan slump rencana 10 cm dengan SP = 1,5 % berat semen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 611, "width": 185, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil pengujian pada tabel komposisi campuran dan grafik hubungan antara kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari terhadap faktor granular diketahui bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) dari hasil pengujian yang diperlihatkan pada Gambar 2. yaitu untuk campuran beton tanpa SP, kuat tekan uji yang cenderung mendekati kuat tekan rencana terjadi pada faktor granular 0,40 – 0,50 dan dengan nilai slump 40 mm. Oleh karena itu dengan faktor granular 0,40 – 0,50 masih dapat diupayakan ketercapaian kuat tekan yang direncanakan. Terjadi penurunan kuat tekan uji sehingga tidak mencapai kuat tekan prediksi. Penelusuran penyebab fenomena ini dilakukan dengan memperhatikan komposisi campuran. Berdasarkan penelusuran ini tidak didapatkan penyebab yang jelas terjadinya penurunan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 111, "top": 92, "width": 409, "height": 198, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "-3 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 K U A T TE K A N ( M P a) FAKTOR GRANULAR G Kuat Tekan rencana 30 MPa Kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari untuk slump = 4 cm, SP = 1 % Kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari untuk slump = 10 cm, SP = 1 %", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 359, "width": 402, "height": 198, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "-3 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 K U A T TE K A N ( M P a) FAKTOR GRANULAR G Kuat Tekan rencana 30 MPa", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 413, "top": 425, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari untuk slump = 4 cm SP = 1,5 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 413, "top": 454, "width": 117, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuat tekan rata-rata 28 hari untuk slump = 10 cm, SP = 1,5 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 43, "width": 150, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Ramdani, Priyanto Saelan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 258, "top": 786, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reka Racana – 31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 85, "width": 439, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kuat tekan. Oleh karena itu penyebab terjadinya hal ini diduga berasal dari kondisi benda uji yang kurang baik akurasi bentuknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 112, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) hasil pengujian yang disajikan pada Gambar 3. juga memperlihatkan kecenderungan hasil yang sama dengan hasil pada campuran yang tanpa SP, yaitu pada faktor granular 0,40 kuat tekan pengujian sangat berdekatan dengan kuat tekan rencana. Hal ini juga terjadi jika berat pasir tidak melebihi berat agregat kasar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 165, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) sesuai dengan dugaan bahwa campuran beton tidak akan mengalami segregasi jika ukuran maksimum agregat kasar mendekati ukuran maksimum pasir, maka dugaan ini terbukti adanya dan homogenitas beton secara visual terlihat sangat baik;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 205, "width": 457, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) penambahan SP dalam campuran beton menyebabkan campuran beton bersifat memadat mandiri dengan nilai slumpflow 490 mm – 785 mm;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(5) pemadatan campuran beton dengan menggunakan ukuran maksimum agregat kasar yang berdekatan dengan ukuran maksimum agregat halus lebih mudah jika dibandingkan dengan ukuran maksimum agregat kasar yang berjauhan dengan ukuran maksium agregat halus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 254, "top": 296, "width": 91, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 321, "width": 390, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 335, "width": 457, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) agregat berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm dapat diperlakukan sebagai agregat kasar dalam campuran beton;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) cara perancangan campuran beton untuk ukuran agregat berukuran 4,75 mm – 40 mm dapat digunakan untuk agregat berukuran seragam 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 388, "width": 457, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) jika perancangan campuran beton menggunakan cara Dreux, maka faktor granular yang digunakan yaitu 0,40 – 0,50;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 415, "width": 457, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) campuran beton dengan menggunakan 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm dapat dengan mudah memadat mandiri jika diberi SP dengan dosis 1% dan 1,5%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 247, "top": 462, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 457, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2000). SNI 03-2834-2000 Tata Cara Pembuatan Rencana Campuran Beton Normal. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional. Neville, A. M. (1981). Properties of Concrete (3 rd ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 356, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2024, e-ISSN: 2721-4796, p-ISSN: 2828-495X Available online at: http://ojs.cahayamandalika.com/index.php/JCM Akreditasi Sinta 5 SK. Nomor: 1429/E5.3/HM.01.01/2022", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 751, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 96, "width": 399, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DIVISI DIE CASTING PADA PT. CABININDO PUTRA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 150, "width": 408, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Farhan Adna Yaffi 1 , Tubagus Akbar Ikhwandi 2 , Agung Surya Dwianto 3 1,2,3 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Paramadina, Jakarta Email: [email protected], [email protected] dan [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 221, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 233, "width": 455, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Disiplin Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan Penelitian ini untuk membuktikan dimana PT Carbinindo dapat menjaga kedisiplinan karyawan dengan baik, dengan latar belakang pendidikan karyawannya rata rata lulusan SMK, dan untuk membuktikan lingkungan kerja yaitu dari hasil jawaban kuesioner yang didapat seperti penerangan cahaya, sirkulasi udara,tidak ada bau yang tidak sedap ditempat kerja, tidak ada kebisingan suasana lingkungan antar karyawan dan lain sebagainya. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan dan apakah Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan secara positif Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara langsung kepada 30 responden karyawan di Divisi Die Casting PT Cabinindo Putra. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisa dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda , Uji Hipotesis dengan menggunakan Uji t (parsial) dan Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R2), dengan menggunakan software SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan , 2) Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Cabinindo Putra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 440, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 452, "width": 452, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Work Discipline, Work Environment, Employee Performance This research is to prove that PT Carbinindo can maintain employee discipline well, with the average educational background of its employees being vocational school graduates, and to prove the work environment, namely from the results of the questionnaire answers obtained, such as lighting, air circulation, and no unpleasant odors in the place. work, there is no environmental noise between employees and so on. This research aims to find out whether work discipline has a positive effect on employee performance and whether the work environment has a positive effect on employee performance. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires directly to 30 employee respondents in the Die Casting Division of PT Cabinindo Putra. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The results of the analysis in this research used Validity Test, Reliability Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Hypothesis Testing using the t Test (partial) and Determination Coefficient Test (R2), using SPSS version 25 software. The research results show that 1) Work discipline has an effect significantly positive effect on employee performance, 2) The work environment has a negative effect on employee performance at PT Cabinindo Putra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menjadi perusahan yang baik melalui keunggulan mutu dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia sesuai perkembangan jaman dengan teknologi yang terus berkembang adalah tujuan yang ingin di capai oleh perusahaan PT. Cabinindo Putra, termasuk pada Divisi Die Casting PT. Cabinindo Putra adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "spesialisasi di bidang die casting dan plastic injection . maka karyawan sangat dituntut dalam hal kedisplinan seperti ketelitian, kehati-hatian, dengan tata tertib dan aturan yang sudah ditetapkan di dalam lingkungan kerjanya. Berdasarkan data dari PT. Cabinindo Putra Tingkat kecelakaan selama 3 tahun terakhir sebanyak nihil atau tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja sama sekali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 369, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Kecelakaan Kerja PT. Cabinindo Putra Total Kecelakaan Kerja PT. Cabinindo Putra 3 Tahun Terakhir 2021 2022 2023 0 0 0 Sumber : Data di olah (2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 431, "height": 190, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sinambela (2018) Disiplin kerja adalah kesadaran dan kesediaan karyawan menaati semua peraturan perushaan dan norma-norma sosial yang berlaku. Dengan demikian, disiplin kerja merupakan suatu alat yang digunakan pimpinan untuk berkomunikasi dengan pegawai agar mereka bersedia untuk mengubah perilaku mereka mengikuti aturan yang ditetapkan. Menurut Dra. Umi Farida (2015) , Lingkungan kerja adalah Segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar para karyawan dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dalam menjalankan tugas –tugas yang dibebankan. keadaan di mana tempat kerja yang baik, meliputi fisik dan nonfisik yang dapat memberikan kesan menyenankan, aman, tentram, perasaan betah, dan lain sebagainya. lingkungan kerja terdiri atas fisik dan nonfisik yang melekat dengan karyawan sehingga tidak dapat dipisahkan untuk pengembangan kinerja. Menurut Khaeruman et al. (2021) Kinerja karyawan merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya pencapaian tujuan perusahaan. Dengan kinerja karyawan yang baik pada suatu perusahaan atau, maka perusahaan atau instansi tersebut akan dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan Yudiningsih et al. (2016) dengan judul Pengaruh Lingkungan kerja dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja kerja pada Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan Buleleng menyatakan bahwa Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai dan Disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Sedangkan menurut Syardiansah dan Utami (2019) dengan judul Pengaruh Lingkungan, Disiplin dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Pati Sari Di Aceh Tamiang menyatakan Secara parsial Lingkungan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. H ipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 559, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H1 : Diduga Disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Divisi Die Casting pada PT. Cabinindo Putra.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 587, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H2 : Diduga Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Divisi Die Casting pada PT Cabinindo Putra.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Divisi Die Casting di PT Cabinindo Putra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 683, "width": 431, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif . Menurut Paramita (2021) Penelitian diskriptif kuantitatif merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan untuk memberikan jawaban terhadap suatu masalah dan mendapatkan informasi lebih luas tentang suatu fenomena dengan menggunakan tahap-tahap pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada seluruh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 429, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "karyawan yang ada pada divisi Die Casting PT Cabinindo Putra dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2023. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Divisi Die Casting pada PT Cabinindo Putra Bekasi, Jl. Toyo Giri Selatan RT 002/03, Bekasi 17510, Jatimulya, Kecamatan Tambun Selatan, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat 1751. Metode pengukuran menggunakan skala likert 1-5 dimana nilai 1 adalah Sangat Tidak Setuju (STS), nilai 2 adalah Tidak Setuju (TS), nilai 3 adalah (Netral), nilai 4 adalah Setuju (S) – nilai 5 adalah Sangat Setuju (SS). Data yang telah terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 25. Pengujian yang dilakukan antara lain: Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda, Uji Hipotesis, dan Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 150, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 280, "width": 422, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji validitas merupakan cara untuk mengukur dan menguji apakah pernyataan yang diberikan kepada responden di dalam kuesioner tersebut valid atau tidak valid. Jjika nilai r hitung > dari r tabel , maka pernyataan tersebut dapat dinyatakan valid. Di dalam penelitian ini, uji validitas dilakukan terhadap keseluruhan variabel yang dilakukan secara satu persatu, yaitu variabel disiplin kerja karyawan, lingkungan kerja karyawan, dan kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 363, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Validitas Disiplin Kerja Karyawan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 377, "width": 393, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel disiplin kerja karyawan di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 23 pernyataan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 404, "width": 359, "height": 340, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Uji Validitas Variabel Disiplin Kerja Karyawan (X1) Correlations Pernyataan r-tabel r-hitung keterangan X1.1 0.361 0.607 Valid X1.2 0.361 0.566 Valid X1.3 0.361 0.573 Valid X1.4 0.361 0.473 Valid X1.5 0.361 0.459 Valid X1.6 0.361 0.430 Valid X1.7 0.361 0.448 Valid X1.8 0.361 0.473 Valid X1.9 0.361 0.522 Valid X1.10 0.361 0.623 Valid X1.11 0.361 0.506 Valid X1.12 0.361 0.670 Valid X1.13 0.361 0.625 Valid X1.14 0.361 0.540 Valid X1.15 0.361 0.732 Valid X1.16 0.361 0.561 Valid X1.17 0.361 0.514 Valid X1.18 0.361 0.448 Valid X1.19 0.361 0.372 Valid X1.20 0.361 0.423 Valid X1.21 0.361 0.541 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 89, "width": 422, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X1.22 0.361 0.760 Valid X1.23 0.361 0.685 Valid Sumber : Data di olah (2023) Berdasarkan tabel diatas, r tabel nya adalah 0.361 dan suatu data dalam penelitian dapat dikatakan valid apabila memiliki r hitung > r tabel , hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa hasil pada penelitian ini sudah melebihi 0.361, sehingga keseluruhan pernyataan dari responden dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 186, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji Validitas Lingkungan Kerja Karyawan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 200, "width": 393, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel lingkungan kerja karyawan di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 17 pernyataan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 241, "width": 422, "height": 352, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Uji Validitas Variabel Lingkungan Kerja Karyawan (X2) Correlations Pernyataan r-tabel r-hitung keterangan X2.1 0.361 0.454 Valid X2.2 0.361 0.529 Valid X2.3 0.361 0.646 Valid X2.4 0.361 0.504 Valid X2.5 0.361 0.658 Valid X2.6 0.361 0.662 Valid X2.7 0.361 0.705 Valid X2.8 0.361 0.486 Valid X2.9 0.361 0.496 Valid X2.10 0.361 0.369 Valid X2.11 0.361 0.399 Valid X2.12 0.361 0.364 Valid X2.13 0.361 0.414 Valid X2.14 0.361 0.521 Valid X2.15 0.361 0.641 Valid X2.16 0.361 0.573 Valid X2.17 0.361 0.698 Valid Sumber : Data di olah (2023) Berdasarkan tabel diatas, r tabel nya adalah 0.361 dan suatu data dalam penelitian dapat dikatakan valid apabila memiliki r hitung > r tabel , hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa hasil pada penelitian ini sudah melebihi 0.361, sehingga keseluruhan pernyataan dari responden dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 596, "width": 185, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Uji Validitas Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 610, "width": 385, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel kinerja karyawan di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 11 pernyataan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 690, "width": 243, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Uji Validitas Variabel Kinerja Karyawan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 169, "top": 704, "width": 339, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Correlations Pernyataan r-tabel r-hitung keterangan Y1 0.361 0.726 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 89, "width": 367, "height": 153, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y2 0.361 0.673 Valid Y3 0.361 0.499 Valid Y4 0.361 0.514 Valid Y5 0.361 0.579 Valid Y6 0.361 0.692 Valid Y7 0.361 0.615 Valid Y8 0.361 0.612 Valid Y9 0.361 0.574 Valid Y10 0.361 0.688 Valid Y11 0.361 0.671 Valid Sumber: Data di olah (2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 259, "width": 422, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas, r tabel nya adalah 0.361 dan suatu data dalam penelitian dapat dikatakan valid apabila memiliki r hitung > r tabel , hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa hasil pada penelitian ini sudah melebihi 0.361, sehingga keseluruhan pernyataan dari responden dinyatakan valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 356, "width": 422, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji reliabilitas merpuakan uji untuk melihat apakah data yang diperoleh peneliti bersifat konsisten atau stabil untuk setiap jawaban yang dihasilkan dari responden. Data yang dinyatakan reliabel adalah data yang memiliki nilai Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.60.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 411, "width": 352, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Uji Reliabilitas Reliability Statistic Variabel Cronbach’s Alpha Tolak Ukur Keterangan Disiplin Kerja (X1) 0.884 0.60 Reliabel Lingkungan Kerja (X2) 0.841 0.60 Reliabel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) 0.828 0.60 Reliabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 565, "width": 143, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Data di olah (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 593, "width": 422, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil reliabilitas tabel 4 diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa dari 51 pernyataan, nilai Cronbach’s Alpha adalah 0.884 untuk variabel disiplin kerja, untuk variabel lingkungan kerja sebesar 0.841, dan untuk variabel kinerja karyawan sebesar 0.828. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa jika suatu data dalam penelitian dapat dikatakan reliable apabila memiliki Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.60, hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa hasil pada penelitian ini yang mencapai angka 0.884, 0.841, dan 0.828 dapat dikatakan reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 689, "width": 421, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut adalah hasil tabel dari analisis regresi linear berganda yang didapat menggunakan SPSS :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 731, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 745, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Coefficients", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 90, "width": 418, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 22.345 8.063 2.771 .010 Disiplin Kerja .298 .081 .632 3.696 .001 Lingkungan Kerja -.025 .063 -.068 -.400 .692", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 112, "top": 197, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Data di olah (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 224, "width": 421, "height": 193, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel tersebut, nilai constant adalah 22.345, sedangkan nilai disiplin kerja adalah 0.298, sehingga persamaan regresinya dapat ditulis : Y = + 𝛽 1 X 1 + 𝛽 2 X 2 = 22.345 + 0.298 X1 + (-0.25) X2 Berdasarkan hasil dari regresi linier, didapatkan konstanta ( 𝑎 ) bernilai sebesar 22.345 dengan koefisien regresi ( 𝛽 ) sebesar 0.298 untuk X1, dan sebesar (-0.25) untuk X2. Melalu persamaan tersebut, dapat diartikan bahwa jika disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja tidak ada atau bernilai nol (X = 0), maka nilai kinerja karyawan sebesar 22.345. Selain itu jika terjadi penambahan atau peningkatan pada disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja sebesar satu satuan, maka kinerja karyawan akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 22.345 satuan. Koefisien regresi disiplin kerja bernilai positif dan lingkungan kerja bernilai negatif, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa arah pengaruh variabel disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah positif, dan pengaruh variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan bernilai negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 420, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UJI T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 434, "width": 421, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji T merupakan pengujian untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen atau tidak. Suatu variabel independen dapat dikatakan memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel dependennya jika memiliki nilai signifikansi (Sig.) < Probabilitas 5% atau 0.05 atau t hitung > t tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 503, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 517, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Coefficients", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 106, "top": 531, "width": 437, "height": 194, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 ( Constant ) 22.345 8.063 2.771 .010 Disiplin Kerja .298 .081 .632 3.696 .001 Lingkungan Kerja -.025 .063 -.068 -.400 .692 Sumber : Data di olah (2023) a. H1 : Disiplin Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Berdasarkan tabel 4.63 di atas, variabel disiplin kerja mempunyai t hitung variabel disiplin kerja lebih besar daripada t tabel , yaitu 3.696 > 2.052 dan nilai signifikansi variabel disiplin kerja lebih kecil dari probabilitas 5% yaitu, 0.001 < 0.05, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 727, "width": 407, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. H2 : Lingkungan Kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Berdasarkan tabel 4.63 di atas, variabel lingkungan kerja mempunyai t hitung", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 88, "width": 365, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "variabel lingkungan kerja lebih kecil daripada t tabel , yaitu (-0.40) < 2.052 dan nilai signifikansi variabel lingkungan kerja lebih besar dari probabilitas 5% yaitu, 0.692 > 0.05, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa lingkungan kerja tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 155, "width": 408, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji koefisien determinasi ( R 2 ) adalah uji untuk mengetahui sejauh mana sebuah variabel independen dapat mempengaruhi variabel dependen. Pada penelitian ini, uji koefisien determinasi ( R 2 ), sehingga dapat diperoleh data sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 210, "width": 288, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 ) Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .605 a .366 .319 1.98262 Sumber : Data di olah (2023)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 315, "width": 407, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data pada tabel 7 di atas, tabel model summary tersebut dapat dianalisis dengan uji koefisiensi deteminasi ( R 2 ). Hasilnya menunjukkan nilai R Square sebesar 0.366, hal ini menunjukan bahwa variabel disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja dapat mempengaruhi variabel kinerja karyawan yaitu sebesar 36.6%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 0.634 atau sebesar 63.4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa variable disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karayawan. Hal ini dikarenakan karyawan selalu menerapkan dan melaksanakan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) dengan baik dan benar, artinya karyawan tetap patuh untuk selalu menggunakannya peralatan keselamatan, walaupun cukup rumit dan menyulitkan, karena sadar akan terjaga keselamatannya dalam bekerja banyak perlengkapan dan peralatan keselamatan yang harus digunakan, sehingga anjuran memakai perlengkapan keselamatan seperti menggunakan thermal gloves, baju anti panas, helm dengan kaca anti percikan api, ear protector, sangat diperlukan, dan ini merupakan suatu standar yang wajib dilakukan karyawan saat pelaksaannya di area kerjanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 431, "height": 191, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian, variabel lingkungan kerja berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dikarenakan bahwa terdapat beberapa area kerja karyawan yang masih kurang akan pencahayaan/penerangan berupa lampu untuk penerangan yang lebih baik agar karyawan dapat konsentrasi dalam bekerja, masih perlu penambahan titik lampu karena ada bagian yang sinar lampunya kurang atau penggantian segera lampu yang sudah mati dan mengganti dengan lampu yang lebih terang/LED, terdapat beberapa karyawan pada saat bekerja masih merasakan kebisingan, sehingga mempengaruhi ketekunan dan konsenterasi dalam bekerjanya, maka perusahaan dapat memberikan perlengkapan seperti industrial headphone, dan terdapat beberapa karyawan yang masih merasakan bahwa beban kerja yang diembannya kurang sesuai dengan kompensasi yang didapat dari perusahaan,perusahaan juga dapat memberi kompensasi selain berupa penghargaan berupa uang dan kompensasi berupa fasilitas kerja seperti penambahan dengan memasang menggunakan air purifier, Air Conditioner, terdapat karyawan yang merasa dibedakan oleh perusahaan dalam pekerjaan karena lebih kompeten sehingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 786, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perusahaan juga harus menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman baik dalam individu maupun tim agar karyawan merasa tidak dibedakan oleh perusahaan. Melalui gagasan ini, maka karyawan dapat merasa kondusif, aman, dan nyaman berada dalam lingkungan kerjanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 404, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dra. Umi Farida, M. et. al. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia II . UNMUH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 185, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ponorogo Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 426, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Khaeruman, et. al. (2021). Meningkatkan Kinerja Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Konsep & Studi Kasus) . CV. AA. Rizky. Lijan Poltak Sinambela. (2018). Peningkatan Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Motivasi, Disiplin, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Komitmen . Deepublish. Ni Made Diah Yudiningsih, Fridayana Yudiaatmaja, & Ni Nyoman Yulianthini. (2016). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 416, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syardiansah, S., & Utami, M. P. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan, Disiplin dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Pati Sari Di Aceh Tamiang. Jkbm (Jurnal Konsep Bisnis Dan Manajemen) , 5 (2), 197–206.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 422, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 436, "width": 330, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 88, "width": 404, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KOMPARASI PENDAPATAN PETERNAK BROILER PADA KEMITRAAN CV. INTAN SUKSES ABADI DAN PT. KARYA MITRA KENDARI DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 160, "width": 280, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Danang Prasetyo 1 La Ode Arsad Sani 2 dan Rahman 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 174, "width": 313, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Mahasiswa Fakultas Peternakan UHO ([email protected] 1 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 187, "width": 273, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Dosen Jurusan Peternakan FPT UHO ([email protected] 2 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 232, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perusahaan kemitraan ayam broiler yang memasarkan ayamnya yang di Kota Kendari diantaranya adalah CV. Intan Sukses Abadi (ISA) dan PT. Karya Mitra Kendari (KMK). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan membandingkan pendapatan peternak broiler yang dipelihara peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK dengan rata-rata skala usaha ayam broiler yang dipelihara peternak mitra kedua perusahaan tersebut masing-masing adalah 2.333 ekor dan 2.285 ekor. Pemilihan kedua perusahaan dilakukan secara purposive sampling, sedangkan peternak mitra atau responden diambil secara proporsional masing-masing 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan peternak yang bermitra dengan PT. KMK sebesar Rp. 7.488 per periode per ekor, yaitu lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pendapatan peternak mitra CV. ISA yang hanya Rp. 6.344 per periode per ekor. Namun jika dilakukan komparasi pendapatan kedua peternak mitra tersebut secara umum tidak menunjukkan perbedaan (P>0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : Broiler, kemitraan, komparasi, pendapatan dan peternak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 463, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 442, "height": 99, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Two of broiler farming partnership companies which suplplying chiken meet in kendari were CV. Intan Sukses Abadi (ISA) and PT. Karya Mitra Kendari (KMK). This research was aimed to analyze and compare broiler’s farmer revenue on ISA and KMK companies with average farming capacity 2.333 and 2.285 birds respectively. The companies objects were chosen based on purposive sampling method, whereas the partnership farmer respondents were taken 15% proportionally from total company farnmer partner. The research result showed that average of partner farmer’s revenue on ISA (Rp . 6.344/ preiode/ birds). However, when comparing the partner farmer’s revenue on this two companies were not showed differences (p> 0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Key words : Broiler, partnership, comparison, revenue and farmer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 138, "top": 88, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 115, "width": 199, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Produksi broiler di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara pada tahun 2014 - 2015 meningkat yaitu 3.559 ton sampai 3.928 ton. Hal ini berbanding lurus dengan jumlah populasi broiler yang semakin tahun terus bertambah yaitu 3.924.357 ekor di tahun 2014 dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 199, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.330.773 ekor pada tahun 2015. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat berkembangnya sektor lain yang menunjang usaha peternakan broiler, seperti pembukaan rumah makan, restoran baru, pertambahan jumlah penduduk, serta meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan kebutuhan protein hewani (Ditjen PKH, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 200, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sulawesi Tenggara khusunya Kabupaten Konawe Selatan telah berdiri beberapa perusahaan kemitraan dan peternak ayam broiler, beberapa diantaranya CV. Intan Sukses Abadi (ISA) dan PT. Karya Mitra Kendari (KMK). Perusahaan kemitraan tersebut memasarkan ayamnya di Kota Kendari. Perusahaan tersebut menyediakan pakan, obat dan bibit serta membantu peternak dalam urusan pemasaran. Peternak mitra menyediakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 475, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kandang, peralatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 200, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kandang, listrik, dan tenaga kerja. Tujuan utama peternak bergabung dengan kedua perusahaan kemitraan adalah mendapatkan keuntungan dari kerjasama yang dijalankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 200, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak sangat beragam, hal ini disebabkan peternak mengusahakan dalam skala usaha yang beragam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 200, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keuntungan yang didapatkan peternak juga merupakan faktor yang dapat menentukan tingkat kepuasan peternak terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 640, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "perusahaan kemitraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 200, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peternak dengan pendapatan usaha ternak yang tinggi diduga akan merasa lebih puas atas kinerja atau pelayanan yang diberikan dalam perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kemitraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 101, "width": 200, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Meskipun demikian, data serta dasar informasi mengenai seberapa besar pendapatan peternak mitra dan perbandingan pendapatan peternak antara kedua perusahaan kemitraan tersebut belum banyak dipublikasikan, sehingga penulis melakukan penelitian mengenai “ Komparasi Pendapatan Peternak Broiler pada Kemitraan CV. Intan Sukses Abadi dan PT. Karya Mitra Kendari di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 239, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kabupaten Konawe Selatan”.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 253, "width": 203, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Menganalisis pendapatan antara peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. (2) menganalisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 322, "width": 203, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Komparasi pendapatan antara peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Manfaat yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) Bagi peternak mitra, sebagai bahan informasi tentang tingkat pendapatan usaha peternakan broiler jika bermitra dengan perusahaan peternakan. (2) Bagi perusahaan, Sebagai informasi dalam menentukan kebijakan perusahaan dalam bermitra dengan kelompok peternak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 488, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 502, "width": 199, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Mei 2016 di kandang peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK yang tersebar di Wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Respondennya adalah peternak broiler yang bermitra dengan CV. ISA dan PT. KMK yang diambil secara proporsional dari masing-masing peternak mitra. Responden CV. ISA diambil sebanyak 15% dari 21 orang peternak yaitu 3 peternak dan responden dari peternk mitra PT. KMK diambil 15% dari 49 orang peternak yaitu 7 responden, sehingga secara keseluruhan responden yang diambil adalah 10 peternak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 203, "height": 131, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel yang diamati adalah (1) Karakteristik Responden (2) Harga jual broiler dan (3) Biaya produksi broiler. Analisis pendapatan pada usaha Ayam broiler untuk menjawab tujuan pertama digunakan rumus (Soekartawi 2006): I = TR – TC. Keterangan : I = Income (Pendapatan), TR = Total Revenue (Total Penerimaan), TC = Total Cost (Total Biaya).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya tujuan kedua akan dianalisis menggunakan uji perbedaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "yaitu dengan independent t-test dengan bantuan soft ware SPSS 16. Tujuan uji - t adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pendapatan peternak mitra. Tujuan uji-t adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata- rata pada variabel yang dihipotesiskan (Sutiarso, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 226, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Biaya Produksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 430, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Biaya Produksi Usaha Ayam broiler Oleh Peternak Mitra CV. IS dan PT. KMK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 313, "width": 427, "height": 103, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uraian Biaya CV. ISA PT. KMK Jumlah (Rp/Periode) Jumlah (Rp/Periode/Eko r) Jumlah (Rp/Periode) Jumlah (Rp/Periode/ Ekor) Biaya Tetap 5.985.097 895 10.074.398 707 Biaya Variabel 231.936.200 34.695 508.934.000 35.715 Jumlah 237.921.297 * 35.590 tn 519.008.398 36.422", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 427, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "* = signifikan pada (P<0,05). tn = tidak signifikan pada (P>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 203, "height": 246, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa total biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh peternak mitra ayam broiler di kedua perusahaan kemitraan tersebut yaitu sebesar Rp. 756.929.695 per periode. Biaya variabel terkecil yang tertera pada Tabel 1 terdapat pada peternak mitra CV. ISA dengan Total biaya variabel sebesa Rp. 237.921.297, sedangkan total biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh peternak mitra PT. KMK yaitu sebesar Rp. 519.008.398. Biaya produksi setiap ekor ternak ayam broiler yang dikeluarkan oleh peternak mitra yaitu sebesar untuk Rp. 35.590 untuk peternak mitra CV. ISA dan Rp. 36.422 untuk peternak mitra PT. KMK. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan harga sapronak yang cukup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 454, "width": 203, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "fundamental pada kedua perusahaan mitra tersebut. Perbedaan harga sapronak ini meliputi harga bibit (DOC), pakan, vaksin dan obat-obatan. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan sumber sapronak yang dipasok dari perusahaan penyedia sapronak berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 551, "width": 203, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Harga sapronak CV. ISA seperti pakan sebesar Rp. 8.050/kilogram sedangkan harga DOC sebasar Rp. 6.500/ekor. Harga sapronak PT. KMK seperti pakan sebesar Rp. 7.900/kilogram sedangkan untuk harga DOC sebesar Rp. 5.700/ekor. Harga tersebut disebabkan perjanjian kontrak pada kedua perusahaan berbeda. CV. ISA mendatangkan materi sapronak dari PT. Sinar Terang Madani dan PT. Perkasa Group Makasar,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 273, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sedangkan untuk vaksin dan obat-obatan membeli dari PT. Sadita. PT. KMK mendatangkan sapronak dari PT. Charoen Pokhphand, untuk vaksin dan obat- obatannya disuplay dari PT. Medion Bandung. Perusahaan penyuplai sapronak yang berbeda, jelas mengakibatkan perbedaan harga yang berbeda pula. Kondisi tersebut yang menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan pada biaya variabel kedua peternak mitra tersebut. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Sudaryani dan Santoso (2003), yang menyatakan bahwa peternak ayam broiler yang menerapkan pola usaha kemitraan, tidak perlu mengeluarkan seluruh biaya, karena pola ini merupakan bentuk kerjasama yang dilakukan dengan pihak lain, seperti pabrik pakan, poultry shop, maupun peternak besar (perusahaan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 374, "width": 203, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Biaya tetap secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai curahan modal yang bersifat konstan dalam bentuk tertentu. Tinggi rendahnya biaya tetap tidak bergantung dari tinggi rendahnya produksi usaha ternak ayam broiler yang sedang berjalan. Tingginya biaya tetap cenderung lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan biaya variabel. Biaya tetap meliputi penyusutan kandang, penyusutan peralatan dan sewa lahan. Biaya penyusutan didapatkan dari nilai ekonomi pembangunan kandang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 539, "width": 203, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan biaya pembelanjaan kandang dibagi dengan usia produksi. Data Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa besarnya biaya tetap yang dicurahkan oleh peternak mitra CV. ISA yakni sebesar Rp. 5.985.097 sementara biaya tetap yang dikeluarkan setiap ekornya sebesar Rp. 895. Biaya tetap yang dihasilkan peternak mitra PT. KMK yakni sebesar Rp. 10.074.398 untuk biaya tetap yang dikeluarkan setiap ekor ternak yaitu sebesar Rp. 707. Hal ini sesuai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan pendapat Dahlan (2010) bahwa biaya tetap merupakan biaya yang tidak terpengaruh oleh berapapun besanya output. Biaya tetap ini terdiri dari (1) biaya sewa kandang atau penyusutan kandang yaitu biaya yang dibebankan pada nilai kandang dan umur penggunaan kandang dibebankan pada jumlah siklus pertahun. (2) biaya sewa lahan, yaitu harga sewa lahan yang dibebankan pada nilai sewa tanah yang berlaku pada saat itu. (3) penyusutan peralatan, yaitu nilai pengadaan yang dibandingkan dengan umur pakai perlatan dalam tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 291, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Penerimaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 305, "width": 203, "height": 231, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerimaan adalah hasil perkalian antara sejumlah input produksi dengan satuan harga yang berlaku di perusahaan kemitraan (Sani,dkk. 2014). Penerimaan yang dimaksudkan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil perkalian antara jumlah produksi ayam broiler dengan harga kontrak yang telah ditetapkan oleh pihak perusahaan. Penerimaan usaha ayam broiler khususnya peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK didapatkan dari hasil penjualan ayam broiler dan penjualan pupuk kandang. Adapun penerimaan usaha ternak ayam broiler dapat pada peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 394, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. Penerimaan Usaha Ternak Broiler Peternak Mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 108, "width": 423, "height": 140, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uraian Penerimaan CV. ISA PT. KMK Jumlah (Rp/Periode) Jumlah (Rp/Periode/ Ekor) Jumlah (Rp/Periode) Jumlah (Rp/Periode/ Ekor) Jual Ayam 1,4 - 1.9 kg 26.299.840 37.853 128.403.000 34.242 Jual Ayam 2,2 - 2,4 kg 250.474.280 41.815 487.515.600 46.430 Jual Pupuk (Rp/Karung) 35.500.000 10.000 9.790.000 10.000 Jumlah 280.324.120 tn 41.933 tn 625.708.600 tn 43.910 tn", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tn = tidak signifikan pada (P>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 286, "width": 204, "height": 397, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data Tabel 2 menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penerimaan terbesar diperoleh pada peternak mitra CV. ISA yaitu sebesar Rp. 280.324.120, sedangkan peternak mitra PT. KMK penerimaan yang didapatkan jauh lebih besar yaitu sejumlah Rp. 625.708.600 . Jumlah penerimaan setiap ekor ayam broiler yang diterima peternak mitra CV. ISA cenderung sedikit dibanding penerimaan yang didapatkan peternak mitra PT. KMK. Penerimaan yang didapatkan oleh peternak mitra CV. ISA setiap ekornya sebesar Rp. 41.933, sedangkan penerimaan setiap ekor ayam broiler yang diperoleh peternak mitra PT KMK yaitu sebesar Rp. 43.910 . Hal ini disebabkan karena terjadinya perbedaan harga satuan penjual ayam broiler yang ditetapkan pada kedua perusahaan mitra ini. Harga yang ditetapakan pada ayam broiler dengan bobot badan rata-rata 1,9 kg yakni sebesar Rp. 19.900 oleh CV. ISA, sedangkan PT. KMK menetapkan harga satuan ayam dengan rata-rata bobot badan 1.4 kg yakni sebesar Rp. 22.500. Inilah yang membuat penerimaan setiap ekor ternak yang didapatkan oleh peternak mitra PT. KMK cenderung tinggi dibanding peternak mitra CV. ISA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 286, "width": 203, "height": 314, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerimaan peternak mitra tidak hanya diperoleh dari hasil penjualan ayam broiler semata, namun diperoleh juga dari hasil penjualan pupuk kandang. Total penjualan pupuk kandang yang berhasil terjual adalah 355 karung oleh peternak mitra CV. ISA sebanyak dengan penerimaan sejumlah Rp. 3.550.000. sedangkan pupuk kandang yang berhasil terjual oleh peternak mitra PT. KMK yaitu sebanyak 979 karung dengan hasil penjualan pupuk sebesar Rp. 9.790.000. Pupuk kandang yang dijual oleh kedua peternak mitra tersebut secara umum cukup sama yaitu sebesar Rp. 10.000 per karungnya. Pupuk kandang yang dikumpul dan dijual ini banyak dicari oleh para petani sayur-sayuran karena disamping harganya relatif terjangkau, penjualan pupuk kandang hasil pemeliharaan ayam broiler ternyata mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman sayur-sayuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 603, "width": 203, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penjualan ayam dan penjualan pupuk kandang ini sesuai dengan pendapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 388, "top": 630, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rasyaf (2004)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 630, "width": 203, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "bahwa penerimaan dalam suatu peternkan ayam broiler terdiri dari (1) produksi utama berupa penjualan ayam broiler, baik hidup maupun dalam bentuk karkas dan hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sampingan (2) hasil sampingan yaitu berupa kotoran ayam atau alas litter yang dijual kepada petani sayur palawija lainnya. Semua penerimaan produsen berasal dari hasil penjualan outputnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Pendapatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan adalah selisih antara total penerimaan yang didapatkan dan total biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh peternak mitra ayam broiler dalam satu kali periode panen. Adapun pendapatan usaha ternak ayam broiler peternak mitra CV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 170, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISA dan PT. KMK disajikan pada Tabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 184, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 359, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3. Pendapatan Usaha Broiler Peternak Mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 232, "width": 430, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uraian Pendapatan CV. ISA PT. KMK Jumlah (Rp/Periode) Jumlah (Rp/Periode /Ekor) Jumlah (Rp/Periode) Jumlah (Rp/Periode/ Ekor) Total Penerimaan 280.324.120 41.933 625.708.600 43.909 Total Biaya 237.921.297 35.590 519.008.398 36.422 Pendapatan 42.409.403 tn 6.343 tn 106.708.602 tn 7.488 tn", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tn = tidak signifikan pada (P>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 203, "height": 287, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data Tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa total pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak mitra CV. ISA yaitu sebesar Rp. 42.409.403, sedangkan total pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak mitra PT. KMK yaitu sebesar Rp. 106.708.602. Tabel 3 menunjukkan secara umum pendapatan peternak ayam mitra pada kedua perusahaan kemitraan tersebut cukup berbeda setiap ekornya, yaitu sebesar Rp. 6.343 per ekor per periode untuk peternak mitra CV. ISA, sedangkan untuk peternak mitra PT. KMK memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 7.488 per ekor per periode, dengan selisih pendapatan Rp. 1.145. Hal ini disebabkan penerimaan yang diperoleh peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK cukup berbeda, selain itu penetapan harga satuan sapronak dan tinggi rendahnya angka mortalitas juga mempengaruhi besarnya pendapatan peternak mitra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 203, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan yang diperoleh setiap peternak mitra merupakan keuntungan bersih yang diterima peternak mitra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 372, "width": 203, "height": 204, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "selama pemeliharaan dan penjualaan broiler. Tabel 3 jelas menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan tertinggi diperoleh peternak mitra PT. KMK per ekor per periodenya yaitu Rp. 7.488 sedangkan CV. ISA memperoleh Rp. 6.343 per ekor per periodenya. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh total penerimaan yang didapatkan pada kedua peternak mitra tersebut cukup berbeda. Selain dipengaruhi oleh total penerimaan peternak mitra, perbedaan pendapatan dipengaruhi adanya harga satuan, jumlah populasi, dan sapronak yang telah ditetapkan pada ke dua perusahaan kemitraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 579, "width": 203, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Nofianti (2014), bahwa perbedaan pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak disebabkan oleh beberapa hal diantaranya perbedaan skala usaha, harga jual per satuan produk, harga sarana produksi, dan kebijakan insentif yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Selain itu dinamisnya pergerakan harga ayam per kilogramnnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 729, "width": 11, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 372, "top": 732, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JITRO VOL.4 NO.1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dipasaran tidak serta merta merubah kesepakatan yang telah di tentukan antara pihak peternak dan pihak perusahaan kemitraan. Pihak perusahaan kemitraan tetap membayarkan sesuai harga yang telah disepakati bersama dengan pihak peternak mitra dalam sebuah perjanjian kontrak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 203, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan yang diperoleh baik peternak mitra PT. Patiot dan PT. KMK secara umum menunjukkan adanya perbedaan. Rata-rata perbedaan pendapatan yang diperoleh per ekor per periodenya sebesar Rp. 6.343 untuk peternak mitra CV. ISA, sedangkan untuk pendapatan per periode per ekor peternak mitra PT. KMK yaitu sebesar Rp. 7.488. Bedanya pendapatan yang diperoleh kedua peternak tersebut tidak serta-merta dikatakan menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Untuk itu agar dapat mengetahui perbedaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 203, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pendapatan peternak mitra CV. ISA dan PT. KMK, dilakukan analisis uji komparasi (t-test). Hasil uji komparasi pendapatan antara kedua peternak mitra tidak menunjukkan perbedaan (P>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 488, "width": 154, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 203, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap peternak mitra di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan maka disimpulkan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak yang bermitra dengan PT. KMK lebih", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 584, "width": 185, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tinggi dibandingkan dengan pendapatan yang di peroleh peternak mitra CV. ISA.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 203, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Komparasi pendapatan yang diperolah peternak mitra CV. ISA dan mitra PT. KMK tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P>0,05).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 203, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Disarankan kepada perusahaan mitra agar tidak hanya menerapkan perjanjian harga kontrak kepada peternak mitranya, namun perusahaan mitra sebaiknya memberikan kontrak panen ketika pemeliharaan ayam sudah memasuki masa panen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 198, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 226, "width": 203, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dahlan, M. 2010. Model kemitraan inti plasma ayam potong. Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Lamongan. Jurnal Ternak. 1 (1) : 1-11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 295, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ditjen PKH, 2016. www.pertanian.go.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 306, "width": 161, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "// Pop-Ayam Ras Pedaging_Prop 2015.pdf / (29 April 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 350, "width": 203, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Nofianti, S. 2014. Analisis pelaksanaan program kemitraan pemeliharaan ayam broiler di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Jurnal Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh, Sumatera Barat. 1 (3) : 1-16.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 447, "width": 203, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rasyaf. 2004. Beternak Ayam Pedaging. Cetakan ke-25. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 502, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sani, L.A., Nuraini dan M, Diwan, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 367, "top": 516, "width": 161, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Potensi agribisnis usaha ternak ayam broiler di Kota Kendari. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 557, "width": 203, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peternakan Tropis. 1 (1) : 88-98. Soekartawi 2006. Analisis Usaha Tani. Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 640, "width": 203, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sutiarso, 2010. Analisis produksi fungsi produksi cob-duglas, Wirausaha. Jakarta. 2 (4) : 1-18.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 88, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 159, "top": 110, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS KOPERASI DAN UMKM", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 249, "top": 132, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROVINSI BANTEN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 160, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 216, "top": 181, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Serang Raya (UNSERA)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 284, "top": 203, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 223, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan verikatif. Dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dimana penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel dari seluruh populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan yang pokok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 442, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai Dinas koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten berjumlah 62 orang. Mengingat populasi kurang dari 100 maka digunakan sampel penuh/total sampling sebanyak 62orang responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 448, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan SPSS 20.0 Hasil uji F Probabilitas signifikan 0,000 < 0,05 H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, sehingga pada penelitian ini variabel kepemimpinan (X1) dan lingkungan kerja (X2) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y). Dan skor koefisien determinasi R 2 = 0,417 yang berarti 41,7% kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja dan sisanya 58,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 267, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kuci: Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan kerja, Kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 466, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study was conducted to determine the effect of leadership and work environment on employee performance.This research uses descriptive research with the quantitative approach and verificative. And the method used is a survey method in which research is conducted by taking a sample of the entire population and using questionnaires as a means of collecting the principal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The population in this study were employees of cooperatives and SMEs Department of Banten province, amounting to 62 people. Given a population of less than 100 then used the full sample / total sampling as many as 62 respondents.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 442, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the calculation results SPSS 20.0 F test results significant probability of 0,000 <0.05 H0 rejected and Ha received, so in this study leadership variable (X1) and work environment (X2) simultaneously influence on employee performance (Y). And the score determination coefficient R = 0.417, which means 41.7% of employee performance can be explained by the variables of leadership and work environment and the remaining 58.3% is explained by other variables.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key words: leadership, work environment, Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organisasi pada dasarnya merupakan bentuk kerjasama antara individu dan proses penggabungan pekerjaan atau aktivitas kerjasama untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Pada kenyataannya organisasi tidak berdiri sendiri, ia merupakan bagian dari sistem lebih besar yang memuat banyak unsur lain, seperti pemerintah, keluarga dan organisasi lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 189, "width": 445, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kehadiran dan keberadaan pemerintah disuatu negara merupakan sesuatu yang penting bagi proses kehidupan masyarakat. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahwa masyarakat sekecil apapun sebagai kelompok membutuhkan pemerintah, karena sisi kehidupan manusia sehari-hari memerlukan pengendalian sebagai peranan yang harus dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Keberadaan pemerintah adalah dalam rangka mensejahterakan masyarakat sesuai dengan tujuan dan cita-cita yang telah ditetapkan yaitu masyarakat adil dan sejahtera, material dan spiritual. Dalam rangka mencapai tujuan itu, maka sangat diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas karena keberhasilan pemerintah sebagai suatu organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan bergantung pada kualitas manusia yang dimilikinya. Salah satu organisasi pemerintah yang mempunyai tugas melayani masyarakat adalah Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten untuk melakukan pembinaan dan pengembangan terhadap sektor koperasi dan umkm di Provinsi Banten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 385, "width": 442, "height": 123, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu organisasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dipengaruhi oleh adanya hubungan yang terjadi di dalamnya, baik hubungan dengan sesama karyawan maupun dengan pimpinannya. Peran kepemimpinan sangat strategis dan penting dalam sebuah organisasi sebagai salah satu penentu keberhasilan dalam pencapaian misi, visi dan tujuan suatu organisasi. Selain itu lingkungan kerja sangat penting untuk diperhatikan oleh suatu organisasi. Lingkungan kerja yang cukup memuaskan para pegawai akan mendorong para pegawai untuk bekerja dengan sebaik-baiknya sehingga diharapkan kinerja pegawai dapat meningkat, dan tujuan organisasi dapat mudah tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 558, "width": 424, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Apakah kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 586, "width": 424, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Apakah lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 613, "width": 430, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Sejauhmana pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 254, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 694, "width": 424, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 728, "width": 424, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 88, "width": 424, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 189, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan atau leadership merupakan kemampuan mempengaruhi suatu kelompok kearah pencapaian tujuan atau suatu usaha menggunakan suatu gaya mempengaruhi dan tidak memaksa untuk memotivasi individu-individu dalam mencapai tujuan (Rachmawati, 2004:67)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 442, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada banyak definisi kepemimpinan yang dikemukakan oleh pakar menurut sudut pandang masing-masing, definisi-definisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya beberapa kesamaan. Menurut Tead;Terry;Hyot (Dalam Kartono, 2005) kepemimpinan adalah kegiatan atau seni mempengaruhi orang lain agar mau bekerjasama pada kemampuan orang tersebut untuk membimbing orang lain dalam mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang diinginkan kelompok. Menurut Wahjosumidjo (dalam Luksono, 2009) “Kepemimpinan adalah kemampuan seseorang mempengaruhi perilaku orang lain untuk berpikir dan berperilaku dalam rangka perumusan dan pencapaian tujuan organisasi di dalam situasi tertentu”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkungan Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 449, "width": 448, "height": 233, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkungan kerja dalam suatu perusahaan sangat penting untuk diperhatikan manajemen. Meskipun lingkungan kerja tidak melaksanakan suatu proses produksi dalam suatu perusahaan, namun lingkungan kerja yang memusatkan bagi karyawannya dapat meningkatkan kinerja. Sebaliknya lingkungan kerja yag tidak memadai akan dapat menurunkan kinerja. Menurut Swastha dan Sukotjo (dalam Fariz, dkk : 2013) menyatakan lingkungan perusahaan dapat diartikan sebagai keseluruhan dari faktor-faktor ekstern yang mempengaruhi baik organisasi maupun kegiatannya. Sedangkan arti lingkungan kerja secara luas mencakup semua faktor-faktor ekstern yang mempengaruhi individu, perusahaan, dan masyarakat. Sedarmayanti (2009:21) mendefinisikan lingkungan kerja adalah keseluruhan alat perkakas dan bahan yang dihadapi, lingkungan sekitarnya dimana seseorang bekerja, metode kerjanya, serta pengaturan kerjanya baik sebagai perseorangan maupun sebagai kelompok. Dari beberapa pendapat di atas, disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan kerja merupakan segala sesuatu yang ada di sekitar karyawan pada saat bekerja, yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dan pekerjaannya saat bekerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 447, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkungan kerja dibagi menjadi dua yaitu lingkungan kerja fisik dan non fisik. lingkungan kerja fisik adalah semua keadaan berbentuk fisik yang terdapat di sekitar tempat kerja yang dapat mempengaruhi karyawan baik secara langsung maupun secara tidak langsung. Lingkungan kerja fisik adalah sesuatu yang berada di sekitar para", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 442, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pekerja yang meliputi cahaya, warna, udara, suara, serta musik yang mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan (Moekijat, dalam Fariz dkk: 2013). Sedangkan menurut Sedarmayanti (2009:31), lingkungan kerja non fisik adalah semua keadaan yang terjadi yang berkaitan dengan hubungan kerja, baik hubungan dengan atasan maupun hubungan sesama rekan kerja, ataupun hubungan dengan bawahan, lingkungan non fisik ini juga merupakan kelompok lingkungan kerja yang tidak bisa diabaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja yaitu suatu hasil kerja yang dihasilkan oleh seorang karyawan diartikan untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan. Menurut Mangkunegara ( 2009:67) kinerja adalah hasil kerja secara kualitas dan kuantitas yang dicapai oleh seseorang karyawan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikannya. Seperti yang telah dikemukakan oleh Hasibuan (2007:94) Prestasi kerja adalah suatu hasil kerja yang dicapai seseorang dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan kepadanya didasarkan atas kecakapan, pengalaman serta kesungguhan waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mangkunegara (2009 : 75) menyatakan mengenai 2 (dua) faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 373, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Faktor Kemampuan ( ability )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 389, "width": 393, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara psikologis, kemampuan ( ability ) pegawai terdiri dari kemampuan potensi (IQ) dan kemampuan nyata ( knowledge +skill ). Artinya pegawai yang memiliki IQ diatas rata-rata dengan pendidikan yang memadai untuk jabatannya dan terampil dalam mengerjakan pekerjaan sehari-hari maka ia akan lebih mudah mencapai kinerja yang diharapkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 469, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Faktor Motivasi ( Motivation )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 485, "width": 392, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Motivasi terbentuk dari sikap ( attitude ) seorang pegawai dalam menghadapi situasi kerja. Motivasi merupakan kondisi yang menggerakkan diri pegawai yang terarah untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Dharma (dalam Ridwan, 2014) mengutarakan bahwa dalam mengukur kinerja dari seorang karyawan, mempertimbangkan hal-hal sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 564, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kuantitas, yaitu jumlah yang harus diselesaikan atau dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 580, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kualitas, yaitu mutu yang harus dihasilkan (baik tidaknya).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 410, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Ketepatan Waktu, yaitu sesuai tidaknya dengan waktu yang direncanakan Ukuran indikator kinerja yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 627, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Efektif,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 643, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Eefisien", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 659, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kualitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 675, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Ketepatan waktu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 691, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Produktivitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 707, "width": 83, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. keselamatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 253, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan kerja dan Kinerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Robbin (Luksono dan Askar, 2009) menjelaskan bahwa Kepemimpinan adalah kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi suatu kelompok ke arah pencapaian tujuan. Efektivitas kepemimpinan akan sangat tergantung pada kemampuan seorang pemimpin dalam mengarahkan pengikutnya dalam pencapaian tujuannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 442, "height": 170, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkungan kerja Sedarmayanti (dalam sari dan agus, 2013) mengemukakan bahwa Lingkungan kerja adalah keseluruhan alat perkakas dan bahan yang dihadapi, lingkungan sekitarnya dimana seseorang bekerja, metode kerjanya, serta pengaturan kerjanya baik perseorangan maupun sebagai kelompok. Lingkungan kerja merupakan suatu alat ukur yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, jika lingkungan kerja yang ada pada suatu perusahaan atau organisasi itu baik. Lingkungan kerja yang baik bagi pegawai dapat meningkatkan hubungan harmonis antara atasan, rekan kerja, maupun bawahan, serta didukung oleh sarana dan prasarana yang memadai di tempat bekerja akan membawa dampak positif bagi pegawai sehingga kinerja pegawai menjadi meningkat. Untuk itu apabila kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja dilakukan dengan baik maka mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 442, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian yang pernah dilakukan Luksono dan Askar (2009) menunjukan hasil Kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan perangkat desa. Semakin cocok atau sesuai kepemimpinan yang dipersepsikan karyawan akan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Dan penelitian yang dilakukan Sari dan Agus (2013) memperoleh hasil bahwa Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan yang berarti semakin baik lingkungan kerja akan semakin meningkat pula kinerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 477, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerangka Pemikiran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun kerangka pemikiran dalam penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 235, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2 H3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 223, "top": 683, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Kerangka Pemikiran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 715, "width": 337, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 1 : Kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 155, "top": 541, "width": 322, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1 Kinerja Pegawai (Y) Kepemimpinan (X1) Lingkungan Kerja (X2) H2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 2 : Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 3 : Kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 442, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dimana penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel dari seluruh populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data yang pokok. Sehubungan hal tersebut berarti survey dilakukan dengan dua jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif dan verivikatif. Tipe investigasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kausalitas, yaitu tipe penelitian yang menyatakan adanya hubungan sebab akibat antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen, dalam hal ini pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap variabel dependen, yaitu kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Sugiyono (2004:57) populasi adalah wilayah generalisasi yang terdiri atas objek atau subyek yang mempunyai kuantitas dan karakteristik tertentu yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai di lingkungan Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten yang berjumlah 62 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 442, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis dan sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah mengunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer adalah data yang diperoleh langsung oleh pengumpul data dari objek risetnya, sedangkan data sekunder adalah semua data yang diperoleh secara tidak langsung dari objek yang diteliti (Sumarsono, 2004:69). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi pengamatan langsung pada objek penelitian. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert. Sebelum kuesioner disebarkan peneliti melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data yang telah terkumpul tersebut lalu dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan induktif yang terdiri dari uji multikolineritas, uji normalitas, uji heterokedastisitas dan analisis regresi berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Regresi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian pengukuran yang digunakan melalui Analisis regresi sederana dan berganda. Analisis regresi sederhana dilakukan untuk memprediksi pengaruh kepemimpinan (X1) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y); dan lingkungan kerja (X2) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y). Kemudian analisis regresi berganda dilakukan untuk memprediksi pengaruh dari variabel Kepemimpinan (X1) dan Lingkungan Kerja (X2) terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Analisis Regresi Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 114, "width": 427, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis regresi antara variabel budaya organsasi terhadap kinerja dosen dapat ditunjukkan pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 162, "width": 285, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary Mode l R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .463 a .214 .117 3.853", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 163, "top": 231, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Kepemimpinan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 477, "width": 412, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat diketahui bahwa koefisien korelasi memiliki nilai positif (+), berarti antara variabel kepemimpinan dengan variabel kinerja pegawai memiliki hubungan positif. Koefisien korelasi antara variabel kepemimpinan dengan variabel kinerja pegawai memiliki skor sebesar (r 1 yx = 0,463). Hal ini berarti kepemimpinan di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten memiliki hubungan yang agak rendah dengan kinerja pegawai di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Sedangkan kontribusi secara parsial variabel X1 terhadap Y = R 2 X100% atau % 100 463 , 0 2 x =21,43% sedangkan sisanya 78,56% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 635, "width": 412, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengukuran regresi diperoleh persamaan Y = 123,127 + 0,562X1. Hal ini berarti bahwa apabila tidak ada kepemimpinan atau skornya adalah 0, maka skor kinerja pegawai adalah 123,17. Selanjutnya apabila kepemimpinan mengalami penguatan atau peningkatan sebesar 1 poin, maka kinerja pegawai akan meningkat sebesar 0,562 poin. Selanjutnya skor probabilitas Sig.t1= 0,004, dimana skor tersebut lebih kecil dari skor α = 0,05. al ini berarti bahwa variabel kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 299, "width": 345, "height": 96, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardiz ed Coefficient s t Sig. B", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 384, "width": 354, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 123.127 13.427 9.170 .000 Kepemimpi nan .562 .186 .363 3.015 .004 a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja pegawai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Analisis Regresi Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 110, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis regresi antara variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dapat ditunjukkan pada tabel dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 161, "width": 359, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary b Mode l R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Wats on 1 .587 a .345 .334 3.346 2.164 a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja pegawai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 439, "width": 413, "height": 145, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data pada tabel diatas menunjukan bahwa koefisien korelasi memiliki nilai positif (+), berarti antara variabel lingkungan kerja dengan variabel kinerja pegawai memiliki hubungan positif. Koefisien korelasi antara variabel kepemimpinan dengan variabel kinerja pegawai memiliki skor sebesar (r 1 yx = 0,587). Hal ini berarti lingkungan kerja di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten memiliki hubungan yang agak rendah dengan kinerja pegawai di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Skor koefisien regresi R 2 = 0,345 yang berarti 34,5% kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lingkungan kerja dan sisanya 65,5% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 595, "width": 406, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengukuran regresi diperoleh persamaan Y = 51,014 + 0,695X2. Hal ini berarti bahwa apabila lingkungan kerja tidak ada atau skornya adalah 0, maka skor kinerja pegawai adalah 51,014. Selanjutnya apabila lingkungan kerja mengalami penguatan atau peningkatan sebesar 1 poin, maka kinerja pegawai akan meningkat sebesar 0,695 poin. Selanjutnya skor probabilitas Sig.t1= 0,000, dimana skor tersebut lebih kecil dari skor α = 0,05. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 287, "width": 405, "height": 117, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 51.014 5.650 9.030 .000 Lingkungan kerja .695 .124 .587 5.620 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 118, "top": 411, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisis regresi berganda Kepemimpinan (X1) dan Lingkungan Kerja (X2) terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 120, "width": 434, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis regresi berganda mengenai variabel kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dapat terlihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 155, "width": 359, "height": 65, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary b Mode l R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Wats on 1 .645 a .417 .397 3.184 1.883", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 227, "width": 291, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja, Kepemimpinan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 243, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja pegawai", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 624, "width": 424, "height": 145, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tabel diatas menunjukan bahwa koefisien korelasi memiliki nilai positif (+), berarti antara variabel lingkungan kerja dengan variabel kinerja pegawai memiliki hubungan positif. Koefisien korelasi antara variabel kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan dengan variabel kinerja pegawai memiliki skor sebesar (r 1 yx = 0,645). Hal ini berarti kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten memiliki hubungan yang cukup dengan kinerja pegawai di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Skor koefisien regresi R 2 = 0,417 yang berarti 41,7% kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja dan sisanya 58,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 281, "width": 426, "height": 305, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 427.246 2 213.623 21.066 .000 b Residual 598.302 59 10.141 Total 1025.548 61 a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja pegawai b. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja, Kepemimpinan Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 28.999 9.785 2.964 .004 Kepemimpinan .313 .116 .269 2.693 .009 Lingkungan kerja .665 .118 .562 5.623 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 593, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 88, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengukuran regresi diperoleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 418, "height": 185, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "persamaan Y = 28,999+0,313X1+0,665X2+e . Hal ini berarti bahwa apabila kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja tidak ada atau skornya adalah 0, maka skor kinerja pegawai adalah 28,999. Selanjutnya apabila kepemimpinan mengalami penguatan atau peningkatan sebesar 1 poin sedangkan variabel bebas lainnya tetap, maka kinerja pegawai akan meningkat sebesar 0,313 poin. Selanjutnya skor koefisien regresi variabel lingkungan kerja adalah 0,665. Artinya apabila lingkungan kerja meningkat sebesar 1 poin, sedangkan variabel bebas lainnya tidak berubah, maka kinerja pegawai akan meningkat sebesar 0,665 poin. Selanjutnya skor probabilitas Sig.t3= 0,000, dimana skor tersebut lebih kecil dari skor α = 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan dari penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 448, "height": 139, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kepemipinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari persamaan koefisien regresi linier sederhana yaitu 0,562 dengan nilai konstanta 123,127. Skor probabilitas (Sig.t1) sebesar 0,004, dimana skor tersebut lebih kecil dari skor α = 0,05. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Selanjutnya besarnya koefisien determinasi R 2 = 0,214. Berarti 21,43% kinerja pegawai dipengaruhi oleh variabel kepemimpinan sedangkan sisanya 78,56% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 448, "height": 140, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana yaitu 0,695 dengan nilai konstanta 51,014. Skor probabilitas (Sig.t1) sebesar 0,000, dimana skor tersebut lebih kecil dari skor α = 0,05. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Selanjutnya besarnya koefisien determinasi R 2 = 0,345. Berarti 34,5% kinerja pegawai dipengaruhi oleh variabel lingkungan kerja sedangkan sisanya 78,56% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak ikut dianalisis dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten. Hasil analisis regresi berganda dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa skor variabel kepemimpinan adalah 0,313 poin dan variabel lingkungan kerja adalah 0,665 poin dengan skor konstanta adalah 28,999. Oleh karena itu persamaan regresi berganda yang terbentuk adalah Y = 28,999+0,313X1+0,665X2+e. Selanjutnya taraf probabilitas (Sig.t3) pada", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Sains Manajemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 439, "top": 35, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume.2 No.2 Juni 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 785, "width": 13, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 88, "width": 422, "height": 76, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "regresi berganda tersebut adalah 0,000 maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan dan lingkunga kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Dan skor koefisien determinasi R 2 = 0,417 yang berarti 41,7% kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja dan sisanya 58,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 34, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 191, "width": 424, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran yang dapat penulis ajukan kepada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Banten adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 424, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Disarankan untuk pemimpin agar dapat membagi pekerjaan bawahan dengan jelas, sehingga pegawai mengetahui dengan jelas tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dan hal ini akan dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 270, "width": 424, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Disarankan untuk dapat menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif, dengan terciptanya hubungan kerja yang baik dan harmonis antara pimpinan dan staff, antar staf dan antar unit kerja serta didukung oleh sarana dan prasarana yang memadai maka akan meningkatkan kinerja pegawai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 334, "width": 424, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Disarankan kepada pegawai untuk dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat yaitu Koperasi dan UMKM dengan tulus dan penuh tanggung jawab, sehingga tujuan organisasi dapat tercapai sebagaimana mestinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 250, "top": 409, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 436, "width": 448, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dharma, Agus. 2003. Manajemen Supervisi: Petunjuk Praktis Bagi Para Supervisor . Edisi Revisi. Cetakan kelima. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 443, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fariz Ramanda Putra, Hamidah, Nayati Utami, Muhammad Soe‟oed Hakam. 2013. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja(Studi Pada Karyawan Pt. Naraya Telematika", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 492, "width": 403, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Malang)Tersedia: http://administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/view/257/450", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 442, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasibuan, H. Malayu. SP. 2007. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara Kartini, Kartono. 2005. Pemimpinan dan Kepemimpinan . PT. Raja Grafindo Persada: Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kusuma Dewi, Sari., Frianto, Agus. 2013. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Vol. 1 No. 4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 443, "height": 66, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Luksono Pramudito dan Askar Yunianto. 2009. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Dengan Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Mediasi (Studi Pada Perangkat Desa SeKecamatan Batang Kabupaten Batang), TEMA Vol. 6 Hal 1-18 Mangkunegara, Anwar Prabu. 2009. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 443, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ridwan Isya Luthfi, Heru Susilo, Muhammad Faisal Riza. 2014. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pada Pt Elsiscom Prima Karya, Kantor Perwakilan Surabaya). Tersedia:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 699, "width": 385, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Https://id.scribd.com/doc/250603739/Jurnal-Pengaruh-motivasi-terhadap-kinerja-karyawan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedarmayanti. 2009. Sumber Daya Manusia dan Produktivitas Kerja . Bandung: CV. Mandar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 740, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. 2004. Metode Penelitian Bisnis . Bandung: Alfabeta Sumarsono, Sonny. 2004 . Metode Riset Sumber Daya Manusia . Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 501, "top": 798, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 136, "width": 397, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA KERUSAKAN LAPTOP BERBASIS WEBSITE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEMPSTER SHAFER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 299, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agus Sehatman Saragih a,1,* , Sherly Christina b,2 , Tiara Elshawina c,3 a Universitas Palangka Raya, Jl. H. Timang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 161, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b Universitas Palangka Raya, Jl. H. Timang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 156, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c Universitas Palangka Raya, Jl. H. Timang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 326, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 [email protected] *; 2 [email protected] ; 3 [email protected] * corresponding author", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 109, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknologi informasi dan komputer merupakan salah satu kebutuhan manusia yang paling mendasar terutama dalam membantu setiap pekerjaan dalam bidang komputerisasi. Dalam hal ini laptop merupakan salah satu jenis komputer yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 586, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masyarakat awam pada saat ini masih terbatas pengetahuan dan terkadang mengalami kesulitan jika menghadapi masalah pada laptop atau mengidentifikasi letak kerusakan pada laptop. Sehingga pada saat mau melakukan pertolongan pertama atau menyelesaikan masalah, mereka tidak tahu apa yang harus dilakukan. Sangat dianjurkan bagi pengguna/ user untuk mengetahui cara merawat dan memberikan pertolongan pertama ketika laptopnya bermasalah dan permasalahn tersebut yang masih dapat ditangani sendiri, sebelum memutuskan untuk menyerahkannya ke tempat servis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknisi pada tempat servis terkadang banyak mengalami permasalahan ketika banyak yang harus dibenahi dengan berbagai kendala juga berbagai merk laptop yang berbeda-beda. Analisa kerusakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 700, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "laptop", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 700, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang dilakukan dengan cara manual dan hanya dikerjakan oleh teknisi terkadang membutuhkan waktu yang tidak sedikit dengan jumlah teknisi yang terbatas hal ini tentunya akan berbanding terbalik dengan jumlah pelanggan semakin banyak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 285, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 285, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 41, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dempster Shafer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 313, "width": 428, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Forward Chaining website Expert System Laptop damage Laptop is one type of computer that is much in demand by the public. Lay people at this time are still limited knowledge and sometimes have difficulty when faced with problems on laptops. So when you want to do first aid or solve problems do not know what to do.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 353, "width": 286, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Technicians at the service center sometimes have a lot of problems when a lot has to be fixed with a variety of different obstacles. Laptop damage analysis is done manually and only done by technicians sometimes requires a lot of time with a limited number of technicians. The ability of a technician who can detect laptop damage can be implemented into an application system. However, this system can only detect laptop hardware damage. The methodology used in making this Expert System Website is a waterfall. System design using DFD (Data Flow Diagrams) and database design using ERD (Entity Relationship Diagrams), coding using PHP and MYSQL for databse and testing using blackboxes. On this Expert System uses Forward Chaining as reasoning and Dempster Shafer methods to calculate the trust results results. After testing, it can be seen the results of making this site that this website can carry out its function, namely diagnosing laptop hardware damage based on symptoms from visitors as laptop users who have answered questions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 501, "top": 798, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Aplikasi Sistem Pakar diagnosa kerusakan laptop ini menggunakan metode inferensi Forward Chaining dan Proses penarikan kesimpulan dari informasi/gejala yang di inputkan oleh user dalam sistem pakar dengan menggunakan metode Dempster Shafer .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aplikasi sistem pakar bertujuan untuk fasilitas bagi pengguna laptop dalam mendiagnosa kerusakan pada laptop serta memberikan solusi, sehingga pengguna tahu tindakan yang dilakukan untuk penanggulangan secara dini dalam mengatasi masalah atau kerusakan laptop yang masih bisa di tangani sendiri dan fasilitas bagi teknisi servis laptop atau pakar dalam mendiagnosa kerusakan pada laptop serta memberikan solusi secara komputerisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sistem pakar ini akan dibangun berbasis website, sehingga dapat diakses hampir dimana saja dengan terhubungnya ke internet dan tanpa perlu melakukan penginstalan aplikasi sistem pakar terlebih dahulu.Sistem pakar ini melibatkan seorang ahli atau pakar yaitu teknisi yang berfungsi sebagai narasumber dalam perancangan sistem pakar mendiagnosa kerusakan laptop.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 286, "width": 287, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.1 Sistem Pakar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sistem pakar adalah aplikasi berbasis komputer yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah sebagaimana yang dipikirkan oleh pakar. Pakar yang dimaksud adalah orang yang mempunyai keahlian khusus yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh orang awam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebuah sistem pakar memiliki 2 komponen utama yaitu basis pengetahuan dan mesin inferensi. Basis pengetahuan merupakan tempat penyimpanan pengetahuan dalam komputer, dimana pengetahuan ini diambil dari pengetahuan pakar. (Kusrini, 2008). Pada dasarnya sistem pakar diterapkan untuk mendukung aktifitas pemecahan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.2 Forward Chaining", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Forward Chaining adalah pelacakan ke depan yang memulai dari sekumpulan fakta-fakta dengan mencari kaidah yang cocok dengan dugaan/hipotesa yang ada untuk menuju kesimpulan. Forward chaining dimulai dengan data atau data driven. Artinya pada forward chaining semua data dan aturan akan ditelusuri untuk mencapai tujuan/goal yang diinginkan. Mesin inferensia yang menggunakan forward chaining akan mencari antesendent (IF klausa) sampai kondisinya benar. Pada forward chaining semua pertanyaan dalam sistem pakar akan disampaikan semuanya kepada pengguna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Runut maju berarti menggunakan himpunan aturan kondisi-aksi. Dalam metode ini, data digunakan untuk menetukan aturan mana yang akan dijalankan, kemudian aturan tersebut dijalankan. Mungkin proses menambah data ke memori kerja. Proses diulang sampai ditemukan suatu hasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 672, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Contoh Forward Chaining", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.3 Dempster Shafer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dempster Shafer adalah suatu teori matematika untuk pembuktian berdasarkan belief functions (fungsi kepercayaan) dan plausible reasoning (pemikiran yang masuk akal), yang digunakan untuk mengkombinasikan potongan informasi yang terpisah (bukti) untuk mengkalkulasi kemungkinan dari suatu peristiwa. Secara umum Teori Dempster-Shafer ditulis dalam suatu interval:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 210, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[Belief,Plausibility]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 223, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Belief (Bel) adalah ukuran kekuatan evidence dalam mendukung suatu himpunan proposisi.Jika bernilai 0 maka mengindikasikan bahwa tidak ada evidence, dan jika bernilai 1menunjukkan adanya kepastian.Plausibility (Pl) akan mengurangi tingkat kepastian dari evidence. Plausibility (Pl) dinotasikan sebagai:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 273, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pl(s) = 1 – Bel(¬s)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 428, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Plausibility juga bernilai 0 sampai 1. Jika kita yakin akan X’, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa Bel(X’)=1, dan Pl(¬s)=0. Pada teori Dempster-Shafer kita mengenal adanya frame ofdiscernment yang inotasikan dengan θ. Frame ini merupakan semesta pembicaraan dariekumpulan hipotesis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan kita adalah mengkaitkan ukuran kepercayaan elemen-elemen θ. Tidak semuaevidence secara langsung mendukung tiap-tiap elemen.(Sri Kusumadewi, 2003)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 390, "width": 167, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan : m 3 (Z) = nilai densitasdari kombinasi gejala (X) dan gejala (Y) m 1 (X) = nilai densitasdari gejala(X) m2(Y) = nilai densitasdari gejala(Y)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 479, "width": 343, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Metode Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 517, "width": 411, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ian Sommerville (2011, p30-31), tahapan utama dari waterfall model langsung mencerminkan aktivitas pengembangan dasar. Terdapat 5 tahapan pada waterfall model, yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 681, "width": 154, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2 Waterfall Model (Sumber : Ian Sommerville, 2011, 30)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Requitments Definitio n (Definisi Kebutuhan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 729, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah ini merupakan analisa terhadap kebutuhan yang diperlukan dalam pembuatanuntuk mendapatkan pilihan dan solusi fitur apa yang akan dirancaing. Sehingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kebutuhan tersebut yang akan menjadi acuan sistem analisis untuk menterjemahkan kedalam bahasa pemrograman, di mana menetapkan fitur-fitur, kendala dan tujuan sistem. b. System dan Software Design (Desain Sistem dan Software)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 428, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap ini dilakukan desain aplikasi yang meliputi desain interface atau tampilan website dengan menterjemahkan sesuai dengan syarat/kebutuhan ke dalam sebuah representasi aplikasi yang dapat diperkirakan demi kualitas sebelum dimulai pengkodean. c. Implementation and Unit Testing (Implementasi dan pengujian unit) Tahapan inilah merupakan mengerjakan suatu sistem. Dimana desain sistem dan desain interface aplikasi yang dirancang sebelumnya di implementasikan dengan melakukan pembangunan aplikasi yang diterjemahkan ke kode-kode dalam satu set program atau unit program . Setelah pengkodean selesai maka akan dilakukan testing terhadap sistem yang telah dibuat tadi secara unit. Tujuan testing untuk menemukan kesalahan – kesalahan terhadap sistem tersebut dan kemudian bisa diperbaiki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 301, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Integration and System Testing (Integrasi dan Pengujian Sistem)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam tahapan ini, setiap unit program akan diintegrasikan satu sama lain atau menyatukan semua unit program untuk diuji secara keseluruhan untuk mendeteksi apakah ada bug atau error didalam website ini agar terjamin bahwa persyaratan sistem telah dipenuhi atau sudah memenuhi spesifikasi aplikasinya. Setelah pengujian sistem, perangkat lunak dikirim ke pengguna . e. Operation and Maintenance (Operasi dan Pemeliharaan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahapan ini sistem diinstal atau mulai digunakan. Melakukan juga pemeliharaan yang mencakup koreksi dan berbagai kesalahan yang tidak ditemukan pada tahap-tahap sebelumnya, perbaikan atas implementasi unit sistem dan pengembangan sistem sebagai penemuan kebutuhan baru, penambahan fitur dan fungsi baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis dan desain dan impelmentasinaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Diagram Konteks", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diagram konteks berikut digunakan untuk menggambarkan proses sistem. Diagram konteks ini dirancang memperhatikan masukan yang dibutuhkan oleh sistem dan keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh sistem. Diagram Konteks disebut juga dengan DFD Level 0 keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 692, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2 Diagaram Konteks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 717, "width": 421, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada gambar di atas terdapat Diagram Konteks, dimana dalam diagram ini terdapat dua pihak terkait yang digambarkan secara umum. Kesatuan luar yang terlibat secara langsung adalah Admin dan Pengunjung. Admin berfungsi sebagai pengelola Website Sistem Pakar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 134, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerusakan Laptop , Pengunjung sebagai pihak yang mengakses Website Sistem Pakar Kerusakan Laptop dan melakukan konsultasi permasalahan pada laptop.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Data Flow Diagram", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pada DFD memberikan gambaran umum proses-proses dalam website beserta input dan output . Pada level ini terdapat 10 proses, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 532, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3 DFD Sistem Pakar", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 121, "top": 555, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Proses 1.0 : Login", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 567, "width": 374, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses ini admin melakukan login dengan menginputkan username dan password setelah itu cek validasi dari tabel admin sehingga admin dapat menerima info berhasil login dan masuk ke halaman web.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 605, "width": 393, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Proses 2.0 : Ubah Admin Dalam proses ini admin mengibah password dan username lalu disimpan ke dalam tabel admin dan ditampilkan ke sistem sehingga admin dapat menerima info username dan password admin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 656, "width": 393, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Proses 3.0 : Kelola Kategori Dalam proses ini admin mengelola kategori diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel kategori dan ditampilkan ke sistem sehingga admindapat menerima info kategorike sistem sehingga admindapat menerima info gejala", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 707, "width": 154, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Proses 4.0 : Kelola Kerusakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 719, "width": 375, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses ini admin mengelola kerusakan diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel kerusakan dan ditampilkan ke sistem sehingga admindapat menerima info kerusakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 134, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Proses 5.0 : Kelola Gejala", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 147, "width": 374, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses ini admin mengelola gejala diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel gejala dan ditampilkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 172, "width": 393, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Proses 6.0 : Kelola No Urut Dalam proses ini admin mengelola nomor urut kode gejala diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel no urut dan ditampilkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 210, "width": 392, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "g. Proses 8.0 : Kelola Relasi Dalam proses ini admin mengelola relasi diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel relasi dan ditampilkan ke sistem sehingga admindapat menerima info relasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 248, "width": 137, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "h. Proses 7.0 : Kelola Aturan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 261, "width": 375, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses ini admin mengelola aturan diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel aturan dan ditampilkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 286, "width": 393, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "i. Proses 9.0 : Kelola Perawatan Dalam proses ini admin mengelola data perawatan laptop yang diinputkan dan disimpan ke dalam tabel perawatan dan ditampilkan ke sistem sehingga admin menerima info perawatan, pengunjung dapat menerima info data pegawai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 337, "width": 393, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "j. Proses 10.0 :Melakukan KonsultasiDalam proses ini pengunjung melakukan konsultasi dengan menginputkan nama dan jenis kelamin ke sistem yang di simpan ke dalam tabel user selanjutnya mengiputkan gejala-gejala ke sistem yang disimpan ke dalam tabel hasil dan ditampilkan ke sistem sehingga pengunjung dapat menerima info hasil konsultasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 413, "width": 150, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Entity Relationship Diagram", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) adalah suatu pemodelan dari basis data relasional yang didasarkan atas persepsi di dalam dunia nyata, dunia ini senantiasa terdiri dari sekumpulan objek yang saling berhubungan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Suatu objek disebut entity dan hubungan yang dimilikinya disebut relationship. Suatu entity bersifat unik dan memiliki atribut sebagai pembeda dengan entity lainnya. Berikut gambarERD dari sistem ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 655, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4 Entity Relationship Diagram", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4 Perancangan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 428, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang dibutuhkan dalam basis pengetahuan sistem pakar diagnosis kerusakan laptop adalah data gejala, data kerusakan, nilai belief dari setiap gejala, dan aturan untuk menarik kesimpulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 249, "top": 134, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1Kerusakan Laptop", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 186, "top": 158, "width": 222, "height": 586, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kode Penyakit Nama Penyakit K1 Kerusakan pada IC VGA K2 Kerusakan pada IC Power K3 Kerusakan Inventer/gangguan pada kabel fleksibel laptop K4 Kerusakan pada LCD K5 Kerusakan Pada Keyboard Laptop K6 Kerusakan Pada TouchPad Laptop K7 Kerusakan pada Harddisk laptop K8 Kerusakan pada Charger Laptop K9 Kerusakan pada Sound Card K10 Kerusakan pada RAM K11 Kerusakan pada Baterai CMOS K12 Kerusakan pada Baterai Laptop K13 Kerusakan pada Wireless Card K14 Kerusakan Port USB laptop K15 Kerusakan pemutar CD/DVD Tabel 2Gejala-Nilai Belief Kerusakan Laptop Kode Penyakit Nama Penyakit Nilai Belief G1 Suhu Laptop meningkat secara drastis saat pertama kali di hidupkan 0,6 G2 Ukuran resolusi layar mengecil atau teks dan icon pada layar laptop membesar 0,5 G3 Indikator lampu LED Power pada laptop nyala ketika laptop di hidupkan tetapi gambar tidak muncul 0,7 G4 Indikator lampu LED Power pada laptop tidak nyala ketika laptop di hidupkan 0,7 G5 Laptop tidak menampilkan gambar dilayar/ gelap 0,6 G6 Cahaya pada layar laptop redup gelap namun menampilkan gambar 0,8 G7 Layar kadang hidup mati dalam menampilkan gambar 0,5 G8 Gambar yang ditampilkan bergetar / abnormal 0,6 G9 Terdapat garis-garis pada layar/LCD laptop 0,8 G10 Terdapat titik-titik pada beberapa area layar/LCD laptop bagian lainya memiliki area terang 0,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 196, "top": 134, "width": 205, "height": 618, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "G11 Ketika laptop sedang jalan, tampilan tiba-tiba hilang dan layar jadi gelap 0,6 G12 Ketika dihubungkan ke LCD external melalui Port VGA Card bisa menampilkan gambar di layar LCD 0,4 G13 Ada sebagian/semua tombol keyboard yang tidak berfungsi 0,7 G14 Ketika laptop dinyalakan bunyi bip yang panjang dan terus menerus pada laptop 0,6 G15 Keyboard error tiba-tiba mengetikkan huruf yang tidak sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan atau random / terketik sendiri 0,5 G16 Kursor pada laptop yang melompat- lompat sendiri 0,6 G17 Kursor bergerak sendiri 0,8 G18 Sensitifitas mouse/touchpad melambat 0,4 G19 Touchpad pada laptop tidak berfungsi/kursor tidak mau bergerak 0,7 G20 Ketika Klik kanan/kiri pada touchpad tidak berfungsi/kursor hanya diam 0,5 G21 Instalasi OS pada hardisk selalu gagal 0,6 G22 Hardisk tidak terbaca di boot menu 0,8 G23 Menampilkan pesan check hardisk di layar 0,5 G24 Laptop tidak mau masuk ke OS 0,7 G25 Laptop lemot/lambat 0,4 G26 Terdengar suara crash saat hardisk bekerja 0,9 G27 Indikasi lampu yang terhubung pada charger pada laptop tidak hidup 0,7 G28 Ketika Charger dihubungkan ke laptop namun charger tidak mau mengisi daya ke laptop 0,6 G29 Ketika Charger dihubungkan ke laptop, laptop tiba-tiba mati 0,8 G30 Ketika Charger dihubungkan ke laptop namun daya yang terisi lambat mengisi baterai 0,5 G31 Laptop tidak mengeluarkan suara 0,8 G32 Pengaturan volume tidak berfungsi 0,6 G33 Muncul notifikasi X pada icon speaker di taskbar 0,7 G34 Lampu indikator power dan fan/kipas hidupdilayar 0,7 G35 Laptop Blue Screen atau restart sendiri 0,6 G36 Tidak bisa menyimpan pengaturan BIOS 0,8 G37 Pengaturan tanggal dan waktu selalu kembali di tanggal yang sama ketika OS di jalankan 0,7 G38 Muncul notifikasi baterai CMOS Error di BIOS 0,6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 196, "top": 134, "width": 205, "height": 345, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "G39 Baterai tidak bisa terisi penuh walaupun charger sudah dihubungkan ke laptop 0,8 G40 Baterai cepat penuh setelah di charger namun setelah charger dilepas dari laptop baterai cepat kosong atau laptop segera mati 0,7 G41 Baterai tidak terdeteksi di laptop walaupun baterai terpasang pada laptop 0,5 G42 Laptop hidup ketika charger terhubung dengan laptop setelah dilepas laptop langsung mati atau Baterai tidak bisa menyimpan daya 0,6 G43 Muncul notifikasi consider replacement baterai atau tanda X pada icon batrei di taskbar 0,7 G44 Laptop tidak bisa dapat mendeteksi sinyal WiFi 0,8 G45 Icon wireless ada tanda seru kuning 0,6 G46 Icon wireless ada tanda X 0,7 G47 Perangkat eksternal terhubung ke Port USB pada laptop namun tidak bisa bekerja 0,8 G48 Muncul notifikasi “USB Not Recognized” 0,7 G49 Laptop tidak bisa membaca CD maupun DVD 0,8 G50 Drive DVD tidak muncul di My Computer 0,7 G51 Pemutar CD/DVD lambat membaca data 0,5 G52 Pemutar CD/DVD tidak bisa keluar/masuk 0,6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 507, "width": 410, "height": 238, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aturan penalaran yang digunakan adalah Rule-Based Reasoning (penalaran berbasis aturan). Berikut ini adalah aturannya : Rule 1 If Suhu Laptop meningkat secara drastis saat pertama kali di hidupkan And Ukuran resolusi layar mengecil atau teks dan icon pada layar laptop membesar And Indikator lampu LED Power pada laptop nyala ketika laptop di hidupkan tetapi gambar tidak muncul Then Kerusakan pada IC VGA Rule 2 If Suhu Laptop meningkat secara drastis saat pertama kali di hidupkan And Indikator lampu LED Power pada laptop tidak nyala ketika laptop di hidupkan Then Kerusakan pada IC Power Rule 3 If LCD tidak menampilkan gambar /gelap And Cahayapada layar laptop redup gelap namun menampilkan gambar And Layar kadang hidup mati dalam menampilkan gambar And Gambar yang ditampilkan bergetar / abnormal Then Kerusakan inventer/gangguan pada kabel fleksibel laptop Rule 4 If Laptop tidak menampilkan gambar dilayar And Terdapat garis-garis pada layar/LCD laptop And Terdapat titik-titik pada beberapa area layar/LCD laptop bagian lainya memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 134, "width": 411, "height": 605, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "area terang And Ketika laptop sedang jalan, tampilan tiba-tiba hilang dan layar jadi gelap. And Ketika dihubungkan ke LCD external melalui Port VGA Card bisa menampilkan gambar di layar LCD Then Kerusakan pada LCD Rule 5 If Ada sebagian/semua tombol keyboard yang tidak berfungsi And Ketika laptop dinyalakan bunyi bip yang panjang dan terus menerus pada laptop And Keyboard error tiba- tiba mengetikkan huruf yang tidak sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan atau random / terketik sendiri Then Kerusakan pada Keyboard Laptop Rule 6 If Kursor pada laptop yang melompat-lompat sendiri And Kursor bergerak sendiri And Sensitifitas mouse/touchpad melambat And Touchpad pada laptop tidak berfungsi/kursor tidak mau bergerak And Ketika Klik kanan/kiri pada touchpad tidak berfungsi/kursor hanya diam Then Kerusakan pada Touchpad laptop Rule 7 If Instalasi OS pada hardisk selalu gagal And Hardisk tidak terbaca di boot menu And Menampilkan pesan check hardisk di layar And Laptop tidak mau masuk ke OS And Laptop lemot/lambat And Terdengar suara crash saat hardisk bekerja Then Kerusakan pada Harddisk laptop Rule 8 If Indikasi lampu yang terhubung pada charger pada laptop tidak hidup And Ketika Charger dihubungkan ke laptop namun charger tidak mau mengisi daya ke laptop And Ketika Charger dihubungkan ke laptop, laptop tiba-tiba mati And Ketika Charger dihubungkan ke laptop namun daya yang terisilambat mengisi baterai Then Kerusakan pada Charger laptop Rule 9 If Laptop tidak mengeluarkan suara And Pengaturan volume tidak berfungsi And Muncul notifikasi X pada icon speaker di taskbar Then Kerusakan pada Sound Card Rule 10 If Laptop tidak menampilkan gambar dilayar/ gelap And Lampu indikator power dan fan/kipas hidupdilayar And Laptop Blue Screen atau restart sendiri Then Kerusakan pada RAM Rule 11 If Tidak bisa menyimpan pengaturan BIOS And Pengaturan tanggal dan waktu selalu kembali di tanggal yang sama ketika OS di jalankan And Muncul notifikasi baterai CMOS Error di BIOS Then Kerusakan pada Baterai CMOS Rule 12 If Baterai tidak bisa terisi penuh walaupun charger sudah dihubungkan ke laptop And Baterai cepat penuh setelah di charger namun setelah charger dilepas dari laptopbaterai cepat kosong atau laptop segera mati And Baterai tidak terdeteksi di laptop walaupun baterai terpasang pada laptop And Laptop hidup ketika charger terhubung dengan laptop setelah dilepas laptop langsung mati atau Baterai tidak bisa menyimpan daya And Muncul notifikasi consider replacement baterai atau tanda X pada icon batrei di taskbar Then Kerusakan pada Baterai Laptop Rule 13 If Laptop tidak bisa dapat mendeteksi sinyal WiFi And Icon wireless ada tanda seru kuning And Icon wireless ada tanda X Then Kerusakan pada Wireless Card Rule 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 134, "width": 410, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "If Perangkat eksternal terhubung ke Port USB pada laptop namun tidak bisa bekerja And Muncul notifikasi “USB Not Recognized” Then Kerusakan Port USB laptop Rule 15 If Laptop tidak bisa membaca CD maupun DVD And Drive DVD tidak muncul di My Computer And Pemutar CD/DVD lambat membaca data And Pemutar CD/DVD tidak bisa keluar/masuk Then Kerusakan pemutar CD/DVD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 298, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5 Perhitungan Metode Dempster Shafer Pada Kerusakan Laptop", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 261, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kasus Dengan 3 Gejala", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 273, "width": 353, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Misalkan gejala yang diinputkan oleh user pada sistem pakar kerusakan laptop:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 299, "width": 403, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gejala 1 : Suhu Laptop meningkat secara drastis saat pertama kali di hidupkan Gejala 2 : Ukuran resolusi layar mengecil atau teks dan icon pada layar laptop membesarr Gejala 3 : Indikator lampu LED Power pada laptop nyala ketika laptop di hidupkan tetapi gambar tidak muncul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 349, "width": 407, "height": 111, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bedasarkan tabel daftar gejala, Gejala 1 : Suhu Laptop meningkat secara drastis saat pertama kali di hidupkan, merupakan gejala dari kerusakan laptop dengan nilai desintas m{ K1} = 0.6 , m{ K2 } = 0.6, maka : m1{K1, K2} = 0.6 Pl(s) = 1 – Bel(¬s) m1{ 0 } = 1 – 0.6 = 0.4 Bedasarkan tabel daftar gejala, Gejala 2 : Ukuran resolusi layar mengecil atau teks dan icon pada layar laptop membesarr, merupakan kerusakan dari laptop dengan nilai desintas m2 {K1} = 0.5, maka :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 463, "width": 406, "height": 61, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "m2{K1} = 0.5 Pl(s) = 1 – Bel(¬s) m2{ 0 } = 1 – 0.5 = 0.5 Maka selanjutnya dihitung nilai densitas (m) baru yaitu m3 dengan membuat tabel aturan kombinasi terlebih dahulu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 539, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aturan Kombinasi Untuk m3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 575, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "m1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 328, "top": 553, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "m2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 581, "width": 288, "height": 126, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "{K1} = 0.5 { 0 } = 0.5 {K1, K2,} = 0.6 {K1} = 0.3 {K1, K2} = 0.3 { 0 } = 0.4 {K1} = 0.2 { 0 } = 0.2 m3 {K1} = = 0.5 m3 {K1, K2} = = 0.3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 716, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "m3 { 0 } = = 0.2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 732, "width": 410, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang telah dihitung untuk kerusakan laptop dengan metode Dempster-Shafer, nilai densitas yang paling tinggi adalahm3{K1} yaitu sebesar 0.5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 134, "width": 410, "height": 99, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bedasarkan tabel daftar gejala, Gejala 3 : Indikator lampu LED Power pada laptop nyala ketika laptop di hidupkan tetapi gambar tidak muncul dengan nilai desintas m4 {K1} = 0.7, maka m4{K1} = 0.7 Pl(s) = 1 – Bel(¬s) m4{ 0 } = 1 – 0.7 = 0.3 Maka selanjutnya dihitung nilai densitas (m) baru yaitu m5 dengan membuat tabel aturan kombinasi terlebih dahulu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 235, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aturan Kombinasi Untuk m5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 308, "height": 159, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "m3 m4 {K1} = 0.7 { 0 } = 0.3 {K1} = 0.5 {K1} = 0.35 {K1} = 0.15 {K1, K2} = 0.3 {K1} = 0.21 {K1, K2} = 0.09 { 0 } = 0.2 {K1} = 0.14 { 0 } = 0.06 Sehingga didapat perhitungan : m5 {K4} = = 0.85 m5{K1, K2} = = 0.09", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 416, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "m5{ 0 } = = 0.06", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang telah dihitung untuk kerusakan laptop dengan metode Dempster-Shafer, nilai densitas yang paling tinggi adalahm5 {K1} yaitu sebesar 0.87, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerusakan pada laptop kemunggkinan adalah kerusakan pada IC VGA .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.6 Implementasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 507, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Halaman Admin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 230, "top": 603, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5 Halaman Utama Admin", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 222, "top": 710, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6 Halaman Kelola Kerusakan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 230, "top": 216, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7 Halaman Kelola Gejala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 317, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8 Halaman Kelola Relasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 229, "top": 429, "width": 137, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9 Halaman Kelola Aturan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 106, "top": 453, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Halaman Pengunjung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 571, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10 Halaman Utama Pengunjung", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 217, "top": 681, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 11 Halaman Isi Data Konsultasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "111", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 216, "width": 141, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12 Halaman Pilih Kategori", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 212, "top": 326, "width": 174, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 13 Halaman Pertanyaan Kosultasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 222, "top": 732, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 14 Halaman Hasil Konsultasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 411, "top": 38, "width": 103, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[E-ISSN 2656-0321] [Vol. 12 No. 2] [Agustus 2018]", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 495, "top": 798, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "112", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 810, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 147, "width": 286, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan dan saran pada penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam merancang dan membangun website ini menggunakan metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak Waterfall Menurut Summerville tahun 2011 Pada Sistem Pakar ini hanya bisa untuk mendiagnosa kerusakan hardware laptop. Pada Sistem Pakar ini menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining sebagai mesin inferensi yang melakukan penelusuran gejala-gejala ke depan berdsarkan fakta-fakta yang ada. Pada studi kasus ini penelusuran gejala dalam metode fordward chaining minimal sebanyak 2 gejala dan maksimal sebanyak 6 gejala.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Dempster Shafer sebagai proses penarikan kesimpulan yang menghitung kombinasi nilai belief (nilai densitas baru) karena itu minimal 2 gejala yang di inputkan, di hitung terlebih dahulu nilai Plausiblity-nya lalu menghitung kombinasi nilai belief dari gejala- gejala dimana nilai densitas terbaru yang terbesar akan diambil sebagai hasil diagnosa kerusakan laptop. Pada website sistem pakar ini pengunjung melakukan konsultasi dengan menjawab pertanyaan yang tersedia selanjutnya mendapakan hasil dan juga mendapakan info perawatan laptop.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 428, "height": 20, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Budiharto, Widodo dan Darwin Suhartono. 2014. Artificial Intelligence Konsep dan Penerapannya. Yogyakarta : ANDi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 426, "height": 21, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] Effendi,Ilham.2014. Apa Pengertian Dari Laptop dan Fungsinya? (online:https://www.it- jurnal.com/apa-pengertian-dari-laptop-dan-fungsinya/, diakses 16 April 2018)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 420, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] Kadir, Abdul. 2005. Dasar Pemrograman WEB Dinamis Menggunakan PHP. Yogyakarta : ANDI.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 259, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] Kusrini. 2008. Aplikasi Sistem Pakar . Yogyakarta : ANDI.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 477, "width": 420, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] Kusumadewi, Sri. 2003. Artificial Intelligence (Teknik dan Aplikasinya). Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 500, "width": 391, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[6] Komputer, Wahana 2011. Langkah Mudah Troubleshooting Komputer . Yogyakarta : ANDI", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 428, "height": 20, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[7] Malik, Maulana. 2016. Sistem Penalaran Berbasis Kasus Untuk Mendiagnosa Kerusakan Pada Komputer . Kendari : Universitas Halu Oleo.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[8] Pramudia, Haris, dan Adi Nugroho. 2017. Sistem Informasi Kerusakan Laptop Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes . Salatiga : Universitas Satya Wacana .", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 507, "top": 36, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 85, "width": 396, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALYSIS OF INTER-RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE SENTIMENTS IN INDONESIA ON CONVERSATIONS ON SOCIAL MEDIA TWITTER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 155, "top": 130, "width": 285, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yogie Pribadi 1* ; Noor Hafidz 2 ; Yamin Nuryamin 3 ; Windu Gata 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 153, "width": 377, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Master of Computer Science 1,2,4 , Informatics Engineering 3 Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Nusa Mandiri, Jakarta, Indonesia www.nusamandiri.ac.id [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 , [email protected] 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 236, "width": 222, "height": 387, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract — Conversations on social media Twitter related to tolerance among religious communities in Indonesia are fascinating. However, it is a sensitive issue. In reality, there is often a war of comments about the implementation of tolerance between religious people in carrying out their own beliefs. The community is not careful in issuing opinions that can result in social insecurity, insecurity, and national instability. This condition will significantly affect the state of the country's economy. In some cases, political problems can be a trigger for intolerance between religious communities. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of classification accuracy on positive or negative sentiments from conversations that intersect with the problem of tolerance among religious communities during the past year. In this study, we compared the performance of the accuracy of the modeling of sentiment analysis classification on public conversations on social media Twitter related to tolerance between religious communities in Indonesia. Because the text that will be carried out modeling comes from the Indonesian language, to facilitate labeling, translation is carried out into English, then a performance comparison of the sentiment analysis classification modeling with SVM algorithm, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and k-NN. Based on the experiments, it was concluded that the SVM algorithm has the highest performance for the classification of sentiment analysis categories up to 65.03% compared to the Naïve Bayes algorithm, which reached 59.92%, Decision Tree, which reached 63.52% and k-NN which reached 57 66%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 635, "width": 166, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Twitter, Tolerance,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 635, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Religion, Communities, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 670, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak — Percakapan pada media sosial twitter yang berkaitan dengan toleransi antar umat beragama di Indonesia menarik untuk diteliti, walau merupakan isu yang sensitif namun kenyataannya pada percakapan di media sosial sering terjadi perang komentar terkait pelaksanaan toleransi antar umat beragama dalam menjalankan keyakinannya masing-masing,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 235, "width": 222, "height": 364, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "padahal jika masyarakat tidak berhati-hati dalam mengeluarkan opini dapat berakibat terjadinya kerawanan sosial, ketidakamanan dan instabilitas nasional, jika hal tersebut sampai terjadi maka akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi perekonomian negara, pada beberapa kasus persoalan politik dapat menjadi pemicu terjadinya intoleransi antar umat beragama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membandingkan kinerja akurasi klasifikasi terhadap sentimen positif atau negatif dari percakapan yang yang bersinggungan dengan masalah toleransi antar umat beragama sepanjang satu tahun terakhir. Dalam penelitian ini kami membandingkan kinerja akurasi dari pemodelan klasifikasi analisis sentimen terhadap percakapan masyarakat pada media sosial twitter terkait toleransi antar umat beragama di Indonesia. Karena teks yang akan dilakukan pemodelan berasal dari bahasa Indonesia, untuk mempermudah pelabelan maka dilakukan penerjemahan kedalam bahasa inggris, kemudian dilakukan perbandingan kinerja pemodelan klasifikasi analisis sentimen dengan algortima SVM, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree dan k-NN. Berdasarkan eksperiman yang dilakukan diambil kesimpulan bahwa algoritma SVM memiliki kinerja tertinggi untuk klasifikasi kategori sentiment analisis hingga mencapai 65,03% dibandingkan dengan algoritma Naïve Bayes yang mencapai 59,92%, Decision Tree yang mencapai 63,52% dan k-NN yang mencapai 57,66%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 610, "width": 221, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Twitter, Toleransi, Umat, Beragama, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 645, "width": 76, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 669, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As one of the pillars of upholding the Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, tolerance among religious communities is a necessity in the life of the nation and state consisting of various ethnicities, religions, races and skin colors. In the last few years, in the era of social media, religious tolerance in Indonesia can be said to be in quite a poor condition (Irham, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 35, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The phenomenon of social media as a means of delivering opinions publicly in cyberspace contributes significant influence in the delivery of hoax news (Hoax), which has the potential to be a cause of intolerance between religious communities (Pakpahan, 2017). Suppose the community is not smart enough to utilize social media to deliver opinions on the public. In that case, it has the potential to cause information uncertainty and turmoil in the real world society (Budiman, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 222, "height": 211, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this decade, the conversation of cyber society is carried out on social media, and one of the most popular and significant roles in political, economic, and social life is Twitter (Olofinlua, 2019). Twitter-based microblogging provides users with facilities to send a short message with a maximum of 140 characters (tweet). Tweets can consist of text and photo. Through tweets, Twitter users can share information and opinions related to information with other Twitter users. Tweets that contain opinions, emotions, and sentiments are data that can be analyzed and can be used as material for analyzing a particular topic or trend that occurs on Twitter. Every tweet from Twitter users is data that can be analyzed, one of which is sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is an approach used to measure perceptions computationally (Sarlan et al., 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 425, "width": 222, "height": 340, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study is to compare the classification performance of positive and negative sentiments analysis of the chatter of cyber citizens associated with issues of tolerance between religious communities in Indonesia based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor (k- NN) . As a reference, (Song et al., 2017) sentiment analysis of novels can be done by calculating the weight of positive and negative words and eliminating words that are unimportant in selecting features. It can produce the highest accuracy using Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) compared to Multivariate Bernoulli Naïve Bayes ( BNB). Meanwhile, according to research. (Septian et al., 2017) simplifying text articles into essential words in each word with the Nazief-Andriani Stemming method with classification using Naïve Bayes is proven to produce high accuracy. While (Ipmawati et al., 2017) in his research compared the accuracy performance of the SVM classification algorithm, Naïve Bayesian and K-NN, using two different datasets, namely IMDb movie review and sentiment analysis on twitter, found that SVM obtained the best results with an accuracy of 78.55 %. Whereas (Muthia, 2018) the research on tour planning including tourism products and hotels to be selected, information from social media, blogs", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and websites, found that the best accuracy performance with the Decision Tree algorithm reached 96.94% and the highest compared to other classification algorithms such as Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree (C4.5) and Naïve Bayes Method with Particle Swarm Optimization Feature Selection. Furthermore, (Hayuningtyas & Sari, 2019) who conducted research related to Taman Mini Indonesia Indah information found that the performance of the classification accuracy combination of Naïve Bayes and PSO achieved the highest accuracy performance reaching 94.02%. The result is higher than using the Naïve Bayes classification without PSO, which only reached an accuracy level of 70%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 261, "width": 222, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the literature that has been studied, it can be concluded that for sentiment classification modeling analysis with positive and negative (binomial) class attributes can use the SVM algorithm, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and k-NN, while the level of accuracy depends on the pre- processing of data carried out.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 355, "width": 128, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 378, "width": 224, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The following are the steps on data gathering: 1. Data Collection Data collection is done through web scrapping data from Twitter. Web scraping is a process used to extract data from the desired website by directly accessing the World Wide Web with the help of HTTP, or through a web browser (Jain et al., 2019). Web Scrapping is used to convert unstructured data on the web into structured data stored and analyzed in a database or spreadsheet (Sirisuriya, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 507, "width": 222, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pre-Processed Text After the tweet has been successfully extracted, the following text processing steps are conducted as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 554, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Translate Text to English", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 566, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Eliminating common words that have no meaning or Stop-words (Fauzi et al., 2019)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 589, "width": 91, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Remove the URL", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 603, "width": 222, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d) Tokenization: Regexp (the process of dividing text that can be in the form of sentences, paragraphs, or documents, into certain tokens/ parts)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 657, "width": 144, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e) Eliminate @ Annotation Text", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 670, "width": 222, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f) Stemming words (mapping and decomposing word to form the essential words)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 697, "width": 140, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "g) Erase repetitive lines of text", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 711, "width": 222, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. SVM Algorithm SVM is used to solve both linear and non-linear classification and regression problems. SVM has a better mathematical concept than other classification techniques (Ahmad et al., 2017).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 507, "top": 36, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Naïve Bayes Algorithm Naïve Bayes is used to solving classification problems with the probability and statistical methods proposed by the English scientist Thomas Bayes. Based on data that existed in the past, the Naive Bayes Algorithm can predict the opportunities or possibilities that will occur in the future (Buani, 2016).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 179, "width": 222, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Decision Tree Algorithm Decision Tree is used to solve classification problems by dividing data into subsets based on input variables. Decision Tree is a type of flow chart that helps in the decision-making process (Adnan et al., 2019).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 249, "width": 222, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Modeling with Algoritma k-NN Algorithm k-NN is used to solve the classification problem based on learning data that is the closest distance to the object. Learning data are projected into multi-dimensional space, where each dimension represents the features of the data(Dey et al., 2016).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 333, "width": 222, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Cross-validation Data Resampling 10 Fold Cross-validation is used to set parameters of the model and predict errors in modeling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 392, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The experiment steps carried out during the study are described in Figure 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 629, "width": 180, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 1 The experiment steps", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 222, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1 is an overview of the entire research process starting from data extraction, data pre- processing, to modeling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 711, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 735, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The process of collecting data through data extraction from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020, through Twitter scrapping for 1000 tweets", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "with the output file type .csv using Python command is as follows: twitter scraper \"toleransi antar umat beragama\" -- output toleransi.csv --limit 1000 --begin date 2019- 01-01 --end date 2020-04-30 –CSV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 144, "width": 222, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After the tweet text is successfully obtained, the next step is to translate the entire Indonesian tweet text into English using the google trans library in Python, as shown in table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 202, "width": 220, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. First 10 Data Result Twitter Scrapping and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 214, "width": 215, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Translation No Teks 1 \"Acquire Science Samai country to China\" Maybe it is a picture of the importance of science to be mandatory for smua Muslims .. No matter until any away and never", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 280, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 \"Helping God ??\"", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 291, "width": 208, "height": 64, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 \"I hope the whole world his good deeds accepted by Allah.\" This section rather not funny bapak.saya ndak know what is your religion, but the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross is not becandaan.ada can dijadiin joke but everything has its limits.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 355, "width": 182, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 \"If you want to master a fool, then wrap everything in vanity with the packaging of religion\" pic.twitter.com/bls39R8kTC", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 387, "width": 215, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 \"They\" are in a race to be the truth at every stage berlebel religion. Ujungujungnya yes for looking at the political stage, alternating left and right silent, holy, pagan, bla..bla .. May 2020 destroyed that kind of person!", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 440, "width": 215, "height": 266, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 \"When you see that everyone is looking for a rise of religions and water the earth began to flare up then get up, watch and understand with absolutely convinced that heavy rain from the sky has fallen, and there has been rain upon the hearts of one's inspiration\" Filsafa 7 # Not Paying Workers Wage Workers will is the Enemy of God in the day of judgment a fair and beautiful religion also teaches us to fulfill the labor rights of workers and employees as soon as possible in accordance with the agreement fulfilled a Do ... https://www.facebook.com/ 100000638311229 / posts / 2231623510202238 / 8 #IjtimaUlamaDukungPrabowoDanSandi Honesty is the key to success .. @prabowo @sandiuno Time People united .. #IjtimaUlamaDukungPrabowoDanSandi 9 #rakyat intelligent # mngatakan #kitab Currently growled rocky sacred fiction ,, then mncul pngakuan himself #akalnya morbidly ill ,, aka The Muslim bg sngat mnyakit right ,, rhmt Allah (the Quran) which in the form of tips, warnings, dn history lesson dn mankind was the fact ,, ,, disbut Fiction", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 706, "width": 216, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 & Calendar + + ga dapet interfaith blessing = triple kill https://twitter.com/xxrensptr/status/11257695", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 738, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47183607808", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 749, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 35, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Using the VADER library in Python, the tweet text that has been translated into English is labeled positive and negative. Like table 2 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 132, "width": 218, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. First 10 Data Result of Sentiment Labeling", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 144, "width": 212, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Teks Status 1 antum would let sound Muslims who are concerned with the dignity and nobility of his religion MUI allowed to evaporate Is there no figure better able to sit in the esteemed Majlis so that people like Naen should be allowed Positive 2 cleric lectures continue mu mu and control people but if a fire in a neighboring rmh greater SDH will creep into our rmh we are forced to help extinguish that all ustat safe certainly understand is forgiveness from GOD almighty segala2nya not human Positive 3 growing steadily converted before 25th Positive", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 74, "top": 295, "width": 210, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 mbah life is still like nyebarin hoax the same embarrassment cloak and mouth hag shouted politicizing religion MUI how can you accept it Positive 5 Not Paying Workers Wage Workers will is the Enemy of God in the day of judgment a fair and beautiful religion also teaches us to fulfill the labor rights of workers and employees as soon as possible in with the agreement fulfilled a Do Positive", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 74, "top": 406, "width": 213, "height": 110, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 should not already held elections if you sided with the camp 01 Ngerugiin whole people is useless so the Commission but life's not fair at all, to be honest all the same ga membohongin Hopefully people can karma Positive 7 This danger The religious life of a country depends on who its leader Do not let the religious scholars who ruler gini models can justify any means with Ayat2 duh Negative", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 517, "width": 212, "height": 120, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Acquire Science Samai country to China Maybe it is a picture of the importance of science to be mandatory for smua Muslims No matter until any away and never Positive 9 Helping God Positive 10 I hope the whole world his good deeds accepted by Allah This section rather not funny bapaksaya ndak know what is your religion but the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross is not becandaanada can dijadiin joke but everything has its limits", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 253, "top": 577, "width": 31, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Positive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 638, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 661, "width": 175, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The modeling steps taken are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 685, "width": 222, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Classification Modeling using RapidMiner . Figure 2 is a series of the whole process of classifying sentiment analysis of the tolerance dataset.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 211, "width": 187, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 2. Classification Modelling", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 246, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pre Data Processing Figure 3 is a subprocess of the classification process series from Figure 2, which contains pre data processing steps such as tokenization, stop word filtering and word stemming.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 365, "width": 162, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 3. Sub Process", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 400, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4 is the pre-processing data step which is a detailed process of Figure 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 516, "width": 169, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 4. Data Cleansing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 552, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After pre-processing the text then it is known that the sentiment distribution in the dataset can be seen in Figure 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 738, "width": 214, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 5. The Sentiment Distribution In Dataset", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 507, "top": 36, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Modeling with Naïve Bayes Algorithm The results of classification modeling with the", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 110, "width": 222, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Naïve Bayes algorithm obtained the reports on the accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC, as shown in table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 157, "width": 213, "height": 84, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3 Naïve Bayes Algorithm Performance Accuracy 59,92% precision 67,96% recall 61,46% AUC 0,502 Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 252, "width": 217, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The accuracy performance of the Naïve Bayes algorithm classification modeling reaches 0.502, as shown in Figure 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 467, "width": 195, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 6. AUC (accuracy performance)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 491, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Naïve Bayes", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 514, "width": 222, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Modeling with the Decision Tree Algorithm The results of classification modeling with the", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Decision Tree algorithm obtained the report on the accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC, as shown in table 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 585, "width": 222, "height": 130, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Decision Tree Algorithm Performance Accuracy 63,52% precision 62,68% recall 95,22% AUC 0,562 Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) The accuracy performance of the Decision Tree classification modeling reaches 0.562, as shown in Figure 7.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 214, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 226, "width": 222, "height": 174, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Picture 7. AUC (accuracy performance)Decision Tree 5. Modeling with k-NN Algorithm The results of classification modeling with the k-NN Algorithm obtained the report on the accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC, as shown in table 5. Table 5 Performance k-NN Algorithm Accuracy 57,66% precision 62,93% recall 69,75% AUC 0,603 Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 411, "width": 222, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The accuracy performance of the k-NN classification modeling reaches 0.603, as shown in Figure 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 578, "width": 208, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 8. AUC (accuracy performance) k-NN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 613, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Modeling with SVM Algorithm The results of classification modeling with the SVM algorithm obtained the reports on the accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC, as shown in table 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 684, "width": 209, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6 SVM Algorithm Performance Accuracy 65,03% precision 63,30% recall 97,77% AUC 0,745 Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 35, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "166", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The accuracy performance of the SVM classification modeling reaches 0.745 as shown in Figure 9.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 208, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 9. AUC (accuracy performance) SVM 7. Area Under Curve (AUC)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 289, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AUC, as shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 is the effective value of the algorithm performance accuracy, an algorithm that has an AUC value above 0.6 can be considered to have a reasonably effective performance. Based on these hypotheses, the SVM algorithm provides the most effective performance accuracy compared to other algorithms with an average value of 0.745.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 394, "width": 221, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Performance Comparison of Accuracy, Precision, and Recall", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 418, "width": 222, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of classification modeling using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, Decision Tree, k-NN, and SVM, obtained a comparison of Accuracy, Precision, and Recall, as shown in table 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 476, "width": 201, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 7. Performance Comparison of Accuracy,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Precision, and Recall on Each Algorithm Kinerja NB DT k-NN SVM Accuracy 59,92% 63,52% 57,66% 65,03% Precision 67,96% 62,68% 62,93% 63,30% Recall 61,46% 95,22% 69,75% 97,77% Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The highest accuracy performance of the SVM algorithm is 65.03%, as shown in Figure 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 741, "width": 216, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 10. Comparison of Accuracy Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 85, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The highest precision performance of the Naïve Bayes algorithm is 67.96%, as shown in Figure 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 268, "width": 217, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020) Picture 11. Comparison of Precision Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 304, "width": 197, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The highest recall performance of the SVM algorithm is 97.77%, as shown in Figure 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 504, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: (Pribadi et al., 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 516, "width": 196, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Picture 12. Comparison of Recall Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 385, "top": 539, "width": 62, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 562, "width": 222, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on research conducted using the dataset of tolerance among religious communities taken from tweets on Twitter from 2019 to 2020, it can be concluded that the SVM algorithm has a better performance compared to the Naïve Bayes algorithm, k-NN, and Decision Tree. The SVM algorithm is better in terms of accuracy, recall, and AUC values are 65.03%, 97.77%, and 0.745, respectively. Whereas in terms of precision performance metrics, the Naïve Bayes algorithm has a better performance compared to the SVM, k- NN, and Decision Tree algorithms with a precision value of 67.96%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 715, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To improve algorithm performance, the data pre-processing step is the essential thing that needs to have further improvement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 631, "width": 187, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59,92% 63,52% 57,66% 65,03% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00% Accuracy Accuracy NB DT k-NN SVM", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 311, "top": 142, "width": 189, "height": 354, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67,96% 62,68% 62,93% 63,30% 60,00% 65,00% 70,00% Precision Precision NB DT k-NN SVM 61,46% 95,22% 69,75% 97,77% 0,00% 20,00% 40,00% 60,00% 80,00% 100,00% 120,00% Recall Recall NB DT k-NN", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 483, "top": 487, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SVM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 507, "top": 36, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 85, "width": 57, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 222, "height": 118, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adnan, M., Sarno, R., & Sungkono, K. 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Conference Proceedings - 6th International Conference on Information", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 519, "width": 198, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Technology and Multimedia at UNITEN: Cultivating Creativity and Enabling Technology Through the Internet of Things, ICIMU 2014 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMU.2014.70666 32", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 601, "width": 222, "height": 164, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Septian, G., Susanto, A., & Shidik, G. F. (2017). Indonesian news classification based on NaBaNA. Proceedings - 2017 International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication: Empowering Technology for a Better Human Life, ISemantic 2017 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMANTIC.2017.8 251865 Sirisuriya, D. (2015). A Comparative Study on Web Scraping. 8th International Research Conference KDU (2015) , 135–140. http://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/1051", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 35, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "168", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 97, "width": 222, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Song, J., Kim, K. T., Lee, B., Kim, S., & Youn, H. Y.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 108, "width": 198, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2017). A novel classification approach based on Naïve Bayes for Twitter sentiment analysis. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 144, "width": 197, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Systems . https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2017.06.011", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "44  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 127, "top": 88, "width": 373, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTEGRASI UNSUR HUMANISASI, LIBERASI DAN TRANSIDENSI DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 115, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 129, "width": 333, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dosen Tetap Bimbingan Konseling Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 157, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 400, "height": 329, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: Islam is a religion of tolerance for adherents and giving attitude to provide benefit to the nation in various dimension of life. Humanization is the planting of Islamic values towards the human nature through education. Humanization of education means the whole element in education that reflects the integrity of the human being and to help people become more humane. Liberalism as a doctrine of freedom is the right of every human being. Giving freedom is a recognition of human dignity, the basis concept of humanism. The values of freedom in Islam would not exist if it is not based on a deep feeling in one's personal, community needs, obedience to God and human values. Islamic education as a process of humanization require the principle of freedom to develop the potential of learners optimally. Liberalism as a doctrine of freedom is the right of every human being. Nobody is willing pressed or deprived of his rights. Therefore, every human being has the right to get freedom. Giving freedom is a recognition of human dignity, the basis concept of humanism. The values of freedom in Islam would not exist if it is not based on a deep feeling in one's personal, community needs, obedience to God and human values. Islamic education as a process of humanization require the principle of freedom to develop the potential of learners optimally. Implementation of education it is impossible to reach the goal or target if they do not give freedom. transcendental dimension of transcendence is to grow in culture. Such social sciences, then Muslims will be able to straighten out steps the development of science that's happening now and can dampen social unrest and other criminal acts that currently characterizes the lives of many. Islam contributes good activity, but in accordance with the Shari'a should implementation predetermined.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 536, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Key Words: Integration, humanization, Liberation and Transcendence Islamic Education", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 578, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Islam merupakan agama yang toleransi bagi penganutnya dan memberikan sikap untuk memberikan kemaslahatan kepada umatnya dalam berbagai demensi kehidupan. Humanisasi adalah penanaman nilai-nilai Islam menuju pada fitrah manusia melalui proses pendidikan. Humanisasi dalam pendidikan berarti keseluruhan unsur dalam pendidikan yang mencerminkan keutuhan manusia dan membantu agar manusia menjadi lebih manusiawi. Liberalisme sebagai sebuah ajaran tentang kebebasan merupakan hak setiap manusia. Pemberian kebebasan itu merupakan pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia yang menjadi pijakan konsep humanisme. Nilai-nilai kebebasan dalam Islam tidak akan terwujud bila tidak didasarkan perasaan yang mendalam dalam pribadi seseorang, kebutuhan masyarakat, ketaatan kepada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 440, "top": 8, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 8, "width": 142, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ": 2460-4917 E-ISSN : 2460-5794", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 403, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Allah dan nilai kemanusiaan. Pendidikan Islam sebagai proses humanisasi memerlukan prinsip kebebasan guna mengembangkan potensi peserta didik secara optimal. Liberalisme sebagai sebuah ajaran tentang kebebasan merupakan hak setiap manusia. Tidak seorang pun yang rela ditekan atau dirampas hak-hak hidupnya. Karena itu, setiap manusia berhak mendapatkan kebebasan. Pemberian kebebasan itu merupakan pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia yang menjadi pijakan konsep humanisme. Nilai-nilai kebebasan dalam Islam tidak akan terwujud bila tidak didasarkan perasaan yang mendalam dalam pribadi seseorang, kebutuhan masyarakat, ketaatan kepada Allah dan nilai kemanusiaan. Pendidikan Islam sebagai proses humanisasi memerlukan prinsip kebebasan guna mengembangkan potensi peserta didik secara optimal. Pelaksanaan pendidikan itu mustahil akan mencapai tujuan atau targetnya bila tidak memberikan kebebasan. transendensi adalah menumbuhkan dimensi transcendental dalam kebudayaan. Ilmu sosial yang demikian, maka umat Islam akan dapat meluruskan gerak langkah perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang terjadi saat ini dan dapat meredam kerusuhan sosial dan tindakan kriminal lainnya yang saat ini banyak mewarnai kehidupan. Islam memberikan konstribusi secara kaffah dalam beraktifvitas, tapi dalam pelaksanaannya harus sesuai dengan syariat yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 364, "width": 390, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Integrasi, Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Ransidensi, Pendidikan Islam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 426, "width": 400, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hampir semua kalangan masyarakat kita sepakat bahwa pendidikan merupakan satuunsur yang memiliki kapasitas urgensitas yang kuat dan besar dalam membangun dan mengembangkan kualitas masyarakat dan kondisi bangsa. Suparlan menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan merupakan sistem proses perubahan menuju pendewasaan, pencerdasan, dan pematangan diri. Pendidikan begitu sangat berperan dalam menjadikan masyarakat bergerak menuju prosesi optimisme untuk melepaskan diri dari segala bentuk keterpurukan dan ketertinggalan dalam semua sektor, yang pada akhirnya akan berimpilakasi terhadap tatanan sosial kemasyarakatan. Sehingga mustahil jika kita harus menolak sebuah urgensitas pendidikan, apalagi peranan terpenting dalam sebuah pendidikan merupakan landasan dan dasar dalam mewujudkan sebuah perubahan positif kehidupanan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 674, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam telah memberikan kebebasan kepada manusia untuk mengekplorasi potensi yang telah ada agar Ia mampu mewujudkan eksistensi dan nilai-nilai eksistensialnya tersebut. Disinilah letak humanisasi dalam pandangan Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meski Islam telah memberikan manusia sebuah kebebasan, tentu bebas yang tidak melenceng dari fitrah dan eksistensi penciptaannya itu sendiri. Sebab, dalam kebebasaan juga ada sebuah rambu-rambu yang menjadi penuntun akan substansi kefitrahan manusia. Bebas dalam Islam adalah bebas dalam aturan. Jika ia mengkhianati eksistensinya, maka harus ada konsekwensi yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan dihadapan Allah SWT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis ini sebagaimana diungkapkan oleh Siti Muri’ah dalam buku Pendidikan Pembebasan Dalam Prespektif Barat dan Timur, bahwa tujuan pendidikan islam secara adalah menjadikan manusia sebagai insan kamil dan berupaya membentuk insan akademis yang memiliki wawasan holistik- integralistik serta mempunyai kepribadian kemanusiaan yang semua ini didasari atas keimanan kepada Allah SWT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam paradigma pendidikan Islam perihal pembebasan manusia harus ditempatkan pada posisi dimensi sekuler dan trasenden yang diintegrasi. Kebebasaan tersebut harus dimanifestasikan dengan bertanggungjawaban terhadap Allah SWT. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 419, "width": 400, "height": 197, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Liberalisme sebagai sebuah ajaran tentang kebebasan merupakan hak setiap manusia. Tidak seorang pun yang rela ditekan atau dirampas hak-hak hidupnya. Karena itu, setiap manusia berhak mendapatkan kebebasan. Pemberian kebebasan itu merupakan pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia yang menjadi pijakan konsep humanisme. Nilai-nilai kebebasan dalam Islam tidak akan terwujud bila tidak didasarkan perasaan yang mendalam dalam pribadi seseorang, kebutuhan masyarakat, ketaatan kepada Allah dan nilai kemanusiaan. Pendidikan Islam sebagai proses humanisasi memerlukan prinsip kebebasan guna mengembangkan potensi peserta didik secara optimal. Pelaksanaan pendidikan itu mustahil akan mencapai tujuan atau targetnya bila tidak memberikan kebebasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 626, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemikiran tentang humanisasi dalam pendidikan Islam ini bertolak dari asumsi dasar bahwa Allah yang telah menciptakan fitrah manusia dengan segala potensinya serta menetapkan hukum pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan interaksinya sekaligus jalan yang harus ditempuh untuk mencapai tujuannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 713, "width": 339, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Umiarso & Zamroni, Pendidikan Pembebesan Dalam Prespektif Barat Dan Timur,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 726, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2011), hal. 17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bertolak dari asumsi itu, kebebasan menjadi sangat penting untuk diaplikasikan dalam humanisasi sistem pendidikan Islam, bahkan dalam segala aspek hidup manusia. Namun harus dicatat bahwa kebebasan yang sesungguhnya bukanlah kebebasan tanpa batas. Kebebasan tanpa batas justeru akan merendahkan martabat manusia bahkan mencelakakan dirinya. Dari sinilah perlu ada batasan tentang kebebasan. Satu diantara batasan itu dalam kajian Islam dikenal dengan liberalisme Qur'ani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 233, "width": 400, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada intinya tujuan pendidikan humanisasi adalah memanusiakan manusia dari proses unhumanisasi. Sementar itu tujuan liberasi adalah pembebasan manusia dari kungkungan teknologi, pemerasan kehidupan,dan membebaskan manusia dari belenggu yang kita buat sendiri. Selanjutnya tujuan dari transendensi adalah menumbuhkan dimensi transcendental dalam kebudayaan. Ilmu sosial yang demikian, maka umat Islam akan dapat meluruskan gerak langkah perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang terjadi saat ini dan dapat meredam kerusuhan sosial dan tindakan kriminal lainnya yang saat ini banyak mewarnai kehidupan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 419, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan Istilah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 440, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Humanisasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 460, "width": 400, "height": 198, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Humanisasi/hu·ma·ni·sa·si/ n penumbuhan rasa perikemanusiaan: proses kemanusian yang harus ditumbuhkan sejak seorang anak di bangku pendidikan rendah. 2 Humanisasi berarti memanusiakan manusia, menghilangkan kebendaan, ketergantungan, kekerasan, dan kebencian dari manusia, dengan melawan tiga hal yaitu dehumanisasi (objektivasi teknologis, ekonomis, budaya, atau negara), agresivitas (agresivitas kolektif, dan kriminalitas), loneliness (privatisasi, individuasi). 3 Humanisasi menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, adalah pemanusiaan, penumbuhan rasa perikemanusiaan 4 . Sedangkan pendidikan Islam adalah usaha mendidikkan atau mengajarkan agama Islam dengan ajaran-ajaran dan nilai-nilai yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 675, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Kamus bahasa indonesia online: http://kbbi.web.id.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 686, "width": 372, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 http://hardikadwihermawan.blogspot.com/2011/07/pengertian-humanisasi-liberasi- dan.html", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 713, "width": 396, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/Tim Penyusun Kamus Dan Pengembangan Bahasa., ed, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1988, hal. 561.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "48  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 401, "height": 241, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terkandung dalam Islam agar menjadi way of life bagi manusia 5 . Humanisasi dalam pendidikan berarti keseluruhan unsur dalam pendidikan yang mencerminkan keutuhan manusia dan membantu agar manusia menjadi lebih manusiawi. Konsep pendidikan ini lebih menekankan pada pengembangan kepribadian peserta didik secara utuh daripada melatihkan keterampilan- keterampilan tertentu yang siap pakai di dalam jenis pekerjaan tertentu 6 . Secara singkat dapat dikemukakan bahwa humanisasi menempatkan manusia secara utuh, sehingga peserta didik mampu meneliti sikap dan perilakunya sendiri terhadap gejala-gejala yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Pendidikan mampu menjawab hal-hal dasar tentang eksistensi manusia dan alam semesta yang menuntur peranan serta tanggung jawab manusia. Di sini manusia dituntut untuk berperan serta dalam mencari dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai hidup dan norma budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian, humanisasi dalam pendidikan Islam adalah upaya untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai Islam menuju pada fitrah manusia melalui proses pendidikan. Humanisasi dalam pendidikan berarti keseluruhan unsur dalam pendidikan yang mencerminkan keutuhan manusia dan membantu agar manusia menjadi lebih manusiawi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 440, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Liberasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 460, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Liberasi mempunyai makna membebaskan, yang bersignifikansi sosial dengan tujuan membebaskan manusia dari kekejaman pemiskinan struktural, keangkuhan teknologi, pemerasan kelimpahan, dominasi struktur yang menindas, dan hegemoni kesadaran palsu. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 543, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mustofa Rahman mengutip pendapat Ibn al-‘Arabi tentang kata hurriyyah adalah pola kata benda abstrak dari lafal harra-yaharru-hararan. Hurriyyah berarti kebebasan yang pokok ( hurriyyah al-asl ). Manusia yang bebas adalah orang yang dimuliakan, orang yang bebas dari ketakutan. Kebebasan sesuatu adalah kemerdekaan atau kebebasannya (dari keterikatan). Itulah kebebasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 667, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Muhaimin, Paradigma Pendidikan Islam; Upaya Mengefektifkan Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2000, hal. 30", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Bambang Sugiharto, Humanisme dan Humaniora: Relevansinya Bagi Pendidikan, Yogyakarta: Jalasutra, 2008, hal. 343", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 713, "width": 375, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 http://hardikadwihermawan.blogspot.com/2011/07/pengertian-humanisasi-liberasi- dan.html", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 401, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( hurriyyah ) itulah kebebasan yang sebenarnya, Jelaslah kebebasan (liberalisme) bagi manusia adalah ketiadaan ikatan atau sifat terpaksa pada dirinya dari sesuatu atau dari orang lain. Dengan demikian pengertian liberasi adalah kebebasan- kebebasan dalam agama Islam yang diajarkan kepada peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 171, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Transidensi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 401, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Transenden terdiri dari dua kata: kata \" trans \" yang berarti seberang, melampaui, atas, dan kata \" scandere \" yang berarti memanjat. Istilah ini bersama- sama dengan bentuk-bentuk lain seperti \"transendental\", \"transendensi\", dan \"transendentalisme\", digunakan dengan sejumlah cara, dan dengan sejumlah penafsiran tersendiri dalam sejarah filsafat. 8 Beberapa pengertian dari transenden adalah: lebih unggul, agung, melampaui, superlatif, melampaui pengalaman manusia, berhubungan dengan apa yang selamanya melampaui pemahaman terhadap pangalaman biasa dan penjelasan ilmiah. 9 Transendensi mempunyai makna teologis, yakni ketuhanan, maksudnya bermakna beriman kepada Allah SWT. Transendensi bertujuan menambahkan dimensi transendental dengan cara membersihkan diri dari arus hedonisme, materialisme, dan budaya yang dekaden. Singkatnya, menghendaki manusia untuk mengakui otoritas mutlak Allah SWT. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 440, "width": 400, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Zohar dan Marshall yang dikutip oleh Buhari Lenote dalam jurnalnya, transendensi adalah sesuatu yang membawa manusia “mengatasi” ( beyond)- mengatasi masa kini, mengatasi rasa suka dan rasa duka, bahkan mengatasi diri kita pada saat ini. Ia membawa manusia melampaui batas-batas pengetahuan dan pengalaman kita, serta menempatkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman kita kedalam konteks yang lebih luas. Transendensi membawa manusia kepada kesadaran akan sesuatu yang luar biasa, dan tidak terbatas, baik di dalam maupun diluar diri kita. Dari uraian diatas, bahwa transendensi diri ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 675, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Lorens Bagus., Kamus Filsafat. Jakarta: PT Gramedia, 1996, Hal. 1118-1119", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 686, "width": 360, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Robert Audi., The Cambridge Dicitonary of Philosophy. Edinburg: Cambridge University Press, Hal. 807-808", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 709, "width": 378, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 http://hardikadwihermawan.blogspot.com/2011/07/pengertian-humanisasi-liberasi- dan.html", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "50  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "adalah inti dari pada spritualitas, karena dengan kemampuan transendensi diri itu manusia dapat mencapai “pusat”. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 129, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas pengertian Transedensi adalah, pendidikan yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan spritual peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 314, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Integrasi unsur Humanisasi dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 400, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara historis, pendidikan pembebasan telah diterapkan nabi Muhammad Saw. dalam strategi gerakan dakwah Islam menuju transformasi sosial. Gerakan ini merupakan pembebasan dari eksploitasi, penindasan, dominasi dan ketidak adilan dalam segala aspeknya. Itu sebabnya dalam al-Qur’an diterangkan bahwa orang-orang yang tidak mempunyai kepedulian sosial berpredikat sebagai yang mendustakan agama, yaitu dalam ayat: Al-Maun dengan artinya;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 315, "width": 401, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya; Tahukah kamu (orang) yang mendustakan agama (1). Itulah orang yangmenghardik anak yatim,(2). dan tidak menganjurkan memberi Makan orang miskin.(3). Maka kecelakaanlah bagi orang-orang yang shalat,(4). (yaitu) orang-orang yang lalai dari shalatnya,(5). orang-orang yang berbuat riya,(7). dan enggan (menolong dengan) barang berguna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 437, "width": 400, "height": 76, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kaitannya dengan ini, Djuwaeli menjelaskan bahwa “pendidikan Islam membentuk keberanian moral bagi setiap peserta didik untuk senantiasa melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan bermanfaat bagi semua manusia dan sebaliknya menghindari perbuatan-perbuatan maksiat yang merugikan orang lain.” 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberanian ini merupakan dorongan dari iman dan akhlak yang berakar pada wahyu Tuhan, sehingga manusia selalu melancarkan “ amar ma’ruf nahyi munkar ”, sebagi bentuk kreatifitas manusia baik ia sebagai ‘abdullah maupun khalifatullah yang mana di dalamnya tercerminkehidupan yang mandiri, terbebaskan dari rasa takut demi kesejahteraan, keadilan dan perwujudan kemanusiaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 384, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Buhari Luneto. Pendidikan Karater Berbasis Iq, Eq, Sq. hal 132. Jurnal IAIN Gorontalo. Online: http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/ir. Di unduh tanggal 2 mei 2015.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 713, "width": 396, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 Irsjad Djuwaeli, Pembaruan Kembali Pendidikan Islam , Jakarta, Karsa Utama Mandiri dan PB Mathla’ul Anwar, 1998, hlm. 73.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebebasan manusia merupakan fitrah, walaupun sifatnya relatif. Karena hanya Allahlah yang mempunyai kebebasan mutlak. Uraian di atas sedikit telah memberi gambaran tentang konsep pembebasan manusia melalui pendidikan Islam itu sendiri yaitu menjadikan manusia sebagai ‘ abdullah sekaligus khalifatullah melalui proses pemeliharaan dan penguatan sifat dan potensi insani sehingga dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran untuk menemukan kebenaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berbicara tentang konsep humanisasi dalam pendidikan Islam, Al-Ghazali berpendapat, bahwa pendidikan adalah proses memanusiakan manusia sejak masa kejadiannya sampai akhir hayatnya melalui berbagai ilmu pengetahuan yang disampaikan dalam bentuk pengajaran secara bertahap, di mana proses pengajaran itu menjadi tanggung jawab orang tua dan masyarakat menuju pendekatan diri kepada Allah sehingga menjadi manusia sempurna. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 245, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai-nilai Liberalisasi dalam pendidikan Islam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 400, "height": 280, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peserta didik adalah makhluk yang bebas. Kebebasan di sini dipahami sebagai kemampuan untuk menentukan diri, yakni kemampuan untuk mengambil sikap terhadap bermacam-macam pengaruh dan penentuan yang ada, termasuk kenyataan masa lampaunya. Manusia disebut bebas bila ia dapat melepaskan diri dari segala sesuatu yang menghalangi perwujudan dirinya secara utuh. Namun, kebebasan individu adalah kebebasan dengan tanpa menghilangkan atau merampas kemerdekaan dan kebebasan orang lain. Dalam konteks pendidikan, kebebasan peserta didik bukan berarti melepaskan diri dari pendidik dan temantemannya, dan hanya berpikir tentang dirinya sendiri. Sebab, hal itu tidak manusiawi, tidak sportif, dan destruktif. Tetapi ia adalah kebebasan yang diciptakan oleh pendidik agar peserta didik memiliki kebiasaan bebas secara individu dan mendidiknya dengan pendidikan pembebasan agar mereka mempunyai kemampuan untuk menentukan kehidupannya tanpa harus tergantung pada orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 713, "width": 382, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Abidin Ibnu Rusn, Pemikiran Al Ghazali Tentang Pendidikan, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1998,hal. 56.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "52  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 401, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Mustofa Rahman dalam Jurnal Pendidikan Islami , ada tiga jenis kebebasan dalam Alquran 14 yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 129, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kebebasan Beragama", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 400, "height": 321, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Banyak ayat yang menegaskan kebebasan dalam beragama. Al-Qur'an memberikan kebebasan kepada manusia untuk bertuhan, tunduk dan takluk kepada selain Allah sesuai hawa nafsu atau taqlid buta, seperti dalam Q.S. al- Baqarah/2:256. Kitab suci ini juga memberikan keleluasaan setiap individu untuk membentuk faham, ideologi kepercayaan menurut akal pikirannya sebagai kebenaran dan menjadikan hasil pemikirannya yang menjadi dasar keimanan, penelitian dan pembuatan ketentuan hukum. Kebenaran belum tentu menjadikan manusia beriman. Orang diberikan kebebasan untuk beriman atau tetap kufur terhadap kebenaran dari Allah, meski ancaman Allah tetap akan berlaku bagi mereka yang ingkar terhadapnya (Q.S. al-Kahfi/18: 29). Manusia dipersilakan beribadah menurut kehendaknya selain Allah. Akan tetapi kemauan yang mengantarkan pada kesesatan itu pada hakekatnya adalah merugikan diri sendiri (Q.S. al-Zumar/39: 15). Namun perintah untuk bertuhan dan beribadah sesuai kemauannya itu bukan menurut maksud yang sebenarnya. Ungkapan itu merupakan pernyataan kemurkaan Allah terhadap orang-orang musyrik karena telah diajak berkali-kali ke Tauhid tetapi tetap ingkar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 502, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Begitulah al-Qur'an memberikan kebebasan dalam bidang aqidah kepada manusia untuk berpaling dari kebenaran ajaran Allah sehingga mereka merasa memiliki harga diri dan berpaling dari-Nya tanpa syarat. Itu semua didasarkan bahwa fitrah manusia diciptakan berdasarkan tauhid dan segala sesuatu itu dalam kekuasaaan Allah dan kebebasan manusia dari ketakutan. Atas dasar inilah, setiap orang mamiliki kesetaraan di atara seluruh umat manusia. Kebebasan ini menurut al-‘Ainain didasarkan pada parasaan hati dalam hal ideologi agama ( aqi>dah ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 647, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari kebebasan beragama inilah akan muncul kebebasan-kebebasan yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 392, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Mustofa Rahman, Liberalisme dalam Pendidikan Akhlak (Tinjauan Konsep Alquran), Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2005. Online, http://library.walisongo.ac.id/digilib/files/disk1/22/jtptiain-gdl-jou-2005-musthofara-1059- 02_Liber-k.pdf. Di unduh, 2 mei 2015.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 88, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kebebasan Berfikir.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 400, "height": 260, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan akal manusia diberikan peran yang tinggi dalam Islam. Al- Qur'an menyuruh manusia untuk berpikir tentang ayat-ayat Allah dan merenungkannya (Q.S. Muhammad/47: 24). Perintah ini tidak akan terlaksana kecuali mereka diberikan kebebasan untuk berpikir dan merenungkannya. Al- Qur'an membebaskan manusia untuk berpikir mengenai masalah-masalah yang berhubungan dengannya, khususnya yang bernilai baik. Mustofa mengutip pendapat ‘Abd al-Lah Gusyah mengatakan dalam Falsafah al-Hurriyyah fi al- Islam , bahwa: Ajaran aqidah manusia itu sesuai dengan akal sehat dan pandangan yang benar. Hal ini mengajak manusia untuk berijtihad, menghargai pertimbangan. Oleh karena itu, setiap muslim tidak boleh kaku dalam bertindak yang bisa mempersempit gerak hidup sosial atau mempertentangkan kebenaran ilmiah, menolak konsep ilmu alam dan ilmu-ilmu lain yang berfungsi untuk merealisasikan kemaslahatan umat atau menolak bahaya yang ditimbulkannya . 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 378, "width": 401, "height": 197, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seruan berpikir bebas dalam al-Qur'an menurut Abdullah yang dikutip oleh Mustofa Rahman, ditunjukkan dengan redaksi ayat yang menyebut lafal tazakkur , tadabbur , tafakkur dan tafaqquh . 16 selanjutnya, Mustofa juga mengutip pendapat Harun Nasution, menambahkan lafal nazara , fahima dan ‘ aqala sebagai lafal yang menyeru kebebasan bepikir. 17 Dengan demikian, jalan yang benar untuk mendapatkan kebebasan bukan dengan meninggalkan agama tetapi dengan menanamkan semangat revolusioner pada masyarakat yang membenci ketidak adilan.Semangat inilah yang menjadi kebebasan muslim. Tidaklah logis, apabila Islam menyerukan semangat berpikir namun tidak memberikan kebebasan ilmiah agar akal dan ilmu pengetahuan menempati posisi yang seharusnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 585, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kebebasan Berusaha.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 605, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Qur'an mengakui kebebasan manusia yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya untuk berbuat dan berusaha menghasilkan harta benda akibat dari amal perbuatan. Pekerjaan itu bermacam-macam, ada yang baik dan ada yang keji. Namun manusia memungkinkan memilih usaha yang baik dan mulia sesuai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 701, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Mustofa Rahman, Liberalisme,..., hal 20.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 149, "top": 713, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16 Mustofa Rahman, Liberalisme, ... hal. 21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 149, "top": 724, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Mustofa Rahman, Liberalisme, ... hal. 21.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "54  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 218, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemampuannya. Manusia bisa melakukan usaha atau pekerjaan yang tidak harus merugikan orang lain. Apapun yang diusahakan itu kelak akan dimintai pertanggungjawabannya. Manusia diberi kebebasan berusaha menurut kemauannya (Q.S. al-Taubah/9: 105 dan Fussilat/41: 40). Karenanya, al-Qur'an memberikan kebebasan kepada manusia untuk memilih pekerjaan sesuai kecenderungan, kemauan dan kemampuanya dengan syarat tidak menyebabkan gangguan dan kehancuran bagi orang lain. Kebebasan itu didasarkan pada kebebasan orang lain. Semua uraian tersebut menunjukkan ajaran Islam tentang kebebasan itu merupakan pemberian Allah yang paling penting ( the most important Divine gift ) bagi manusia untuk bekal perannya sebagai khalifah-Nya di muka bumi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 315, "width": 401, "height": 343, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebebasan total (total freedom) sesuai kehendak manusia seperti \"pernah\" diberikan Allah kepada Nabi Adam dan istrinya, Hawa (Q.S. al-Baqarah/2: 35). Namun kebebasan itu diberikan batasan. Selain itu, pelanggaran terhadap batasan memiliki konsekuensi yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan. Dengan demikian, kebebasan dalam al-Qur'an merupakan kebebasan yang bertanggung jawab. Oleh karena tanggung jawab inilah muncul kebebasan. Mustofa juga mengutip pendapat Imam Barnadib yang menyatakan bahwa; kebebasan tidak bisa diartikan tanpa batas sebab ketiadaan batasan kebebasan akan mengganggu kebebasan orang lain, hal ini setara dengan pengertian tentang hak dan kewajiban. 18 Prinsip kebebasan kemanusiaan dalam humanisme Islam dalam pandangan Syari’ati adalah bahwa: manusia itu adalah makhluk mandiri yang mulia, berpikir, sadar akan dirinya sendiri, berkehendak bebas, cita-cita dan merindukan ideal, bermoral. Untuk itu, liberalisme-Qur’ani bukan kebebasan tanpa batas. Konsep al-Qur'an tentang liberalisme adalah kebebasan untuk melaksanakan perbuatan yang mendapat ridla Allah. Kebebasan ini bukan kebebasan yang justru menjauhkan diri dari nuansa spiritual. Nilai spiritual inilah yang menjadi ikatan liberalisme dengan masalah akhlak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 667, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Liberalisme dalam Islam merupakan pemberian Allah yang paling penting bagi manusia untuk bekal perannya sebagai khalifah-Nya di muka bumi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 724, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18 Mustofa Rahman, Liberalisme,... hal. 22.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebebasan total (total freedom) itu sesuai kehendak manusia meski ada batasan yang memiliki konsekuensi yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan apabila terjadi pelanggaran. Ketiadaan batasan kebebasan justru akan mengganggu kebebasan orang lain. Dari sinilah muncul hak dan kewajiban. Jadi, kebebasan dalam al- Qur'an merupakan kebebasan yang didasarkan atas tanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 400, "height": 177, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Liberalisme Qur'ani dimaksudkan sebagai kebebasan untuk melaksanakan perbuatan yang mendapat ridla Allah. Kebebasan ini bukan kebebasan yang justru menjauhkan diri dari nuansa spiritual. Nilai spiritual inilah yang menjadi ikatan liberalisme dengan masalah akhlak. Akhlak yang menjadi dasar kebebasan (liberalisme) dalam Islam memposisikan manusia sebagai manusia sesunguhnya yang memiliki kebebasan dalam berperilaku. Hal ini menandakan akhlak atau budi pekerti yang harus dimiliki umat manusia guna menjalankan fungsinya sebagai khalifah menitik beratkan pada kebebasan menuangkan kreasinya untuk kebaikan (kemaslahatan) umum dan keharuman agama Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 378, "width": 400, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akhlak Islami merupakan eksplanasi dari konsep humanisme yang menolak semua jenis diskriminasi dan perbedaan serta memandang manusia sebagai kesatuan tunggal Kebebasan yang bertanggung jawab sebagai aktualisasi nilai moral menjadi prinsip akhlak memiliki legitimasi dalam konsep akhlak sebagai hak asasi manusia dalam Islam. Kebebasan ini harus dipraktekkan setiap muslim supaya memiliki kreativitas guna mengaktualisasikan konsep-konsep Islam dalam persaingan ilmu pengetahuan, sosial dan budaya dalam pentas dunia internasional menuju kejayaan Islam. Hal ini hanya mungkin terwujud bila praktek liberalisme ini didasarkan pada akhlak Islami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 564, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unsur Transidensi dalam pendidikan Islam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Transendensi merupakan dasar dari dua unsurnya yang lain. Transendensi hendak menjadikan nilai-nilai transendental (keimanan) sebagai bagian penting dari proses membangun peradaban. Transendensi menempatkan agama (nilai-nilai Islam) pada kedudukan yang sangat sentral dalam Ilmu Sosial Profetik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 667, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ekses-ekses negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh modernisasi mendorong terjadinya gairah untuk menangkap kembali alternatif-alternatif yang ditawarkan oleh agama untuk menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan kemanusiaan. Manusia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "56  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 114, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "produk modern adalah manusia antroposentris yang merasa menjadi pusat dunia, cukup dengan dirinya sendiri. Melalui proyek rasionalisasi, manusia memproklamirkan dirinya sebagai penguasa diri dan alam raya. Modern mengajari cara berpikir bukan cara hidup. Kemajuan Modern menciptakan alat- alat bukan kesadaran, mengajari manusia untuk menguasai hidup, bukan memaknainya. Akhirnya manusia menjalani kehidupannya tanpa makna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Transendensi dalam Ilmu Sosial Profetik di samping berfungsi sebagai dasar nilai bagi praksis humanisasi dan liberasi, juga berfungsi sebagai kritik. Dengan kritik transendensi, kemajuan teknik dapat diarahkan untuk mengabdi pada perkembangan manusia dan kemanusiaan, bukan pada kehancurannya. Transendensi akan menjadi tolok ukur kemajuan dan kemunduran manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 315, "width": 400, "height": 281, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Transeddensi sebagai jalan pencegah dari kehancuran dizaman modern oleh karena itu, maka peserta didik harus diajarkan hal-hal yang mampu mengembangkan spritualitasnya. Menurut Masaong bahwa dibutuhkan beberapa langkah mengembangkan kecerdasan spritualitas didalam pembelajaran yaitu: pertama, menanamkan sifat sabar, jujur dan ihlas pada siswa. Kedua, menyediakan lingkungan belajar yang produktif. ketiga, menciptakan iklim pembelajaran yang demokratis. Keempat, mengembangkan sikap kasih sayang, empati, dan merasakan apa yang sedang dirasakan oleh siswa lain. Kelima, membantu siswa menemukan solusi terhadap setiap masalah yang dihadapinya. Keenam, melibatkan siswa secara optimal dalam pembelajaran baik secara fisik, sosial maupun emosional dan spiritual. Ketujuh merespon setiap perilaku peserta didik secara positif, dan menghindari respon yang negatif; Kedelapan menjadi teladan dalam menegakkan aturan dan disiplin dalam pembelajaran. Kesembilan mendisiplinkan peserta didik dengan tegas dan penuh kasih sayang. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 605, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Integralitas pembentukan kecerdasan emosi dan spritual (karakter ) peserta didik dapat dibentuk oleh guru, dan keadaan lingkunganya. oleh karena itu pendidikan kecerdasan emosi dan spritual sangat dibutuhkan untuk diaplikasikan oleh guru melalui ketelaudanan ketika berinteraksi dengan para siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 701, "width": 389, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19 Masaong, A.K.. Kepemimpinan Berbasis Multiple Intelligence;Memperteguh Sinergy Kecerdasan Intelektual, Emosional, dan Spiritual untuk Meraih Prestasi Gemilang . (Bandung: Alfabetha, 2011),hlm.30", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 109, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 129, "width": 397, "height": 177, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Humanisasi dalam pendidikan Islam adalah upaya untuk menanamkan nilai- nilai Islam menuju pada fitrah manusia melalui proses pendidikan. Humanisasi dalam pendidikan berarti keseluruhan unsur dalam pendidikan yang mencerminkan keutuhan manusia dan membantu agar manusia menjadi lebih manusiawi. Beberapa unsur fitrah manusia adalah sebagai berikut: a) Fitrah Agama. b) Fitrah berakal budi. c) Fitrah kebersihan dan kesucian. d) Fitrah bermoral/berakhlak. e) Fitrah kebenaran, f) Fitrah kemerdekaan, g) Fitrah Keadilan, h) Fitrah persamaan dan persatuan, i)Fitrah individu, j)Fitrah sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 315, "width": 382, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai-nilai humanis yang terkandung dalam pendidikan Islam ada tiga macam yaitu; 1) Nilai Keberagamaan Vertikal ( Hablun min Allah ). 2) Nilai Kebersamaan (Hablun min al-Nas) . 3) Nilai Kemitraan (Hablun min Al- ‘Alam).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 398, "width": 397, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Liberasi dalam pendidikan Islam adalah kebebasan-kebebasan yang mengikat dalam agama Islam yang diajarkan kepada peserta didik. Kebebasan yang diajarkan kepada peserta didik yaitu; 1) Kebebasan beragama, 2) Kebebasan berfikir, 3) Kebebasan berusaha.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 481, "width": 397, "height": 239, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Transedensi adalah pendidikan yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan spritual peserta didik. Transeddensi sebagai jalan pencegah dari kehancuran dizaman modern oleh karena itu, maka peserta didik harus diajarkan hal-hal yang mampu mengembangkan spritualitasnya. dibutuhkan beberapa langkah mengembangkan kecerdasan SQ didalam pembelajaran yaitu: pertama, menanamkan sifat sabar, jujur dan ihlas pada siswa. Kedua, menyediakan lingkungan belajar yang produktif. ketiga, menciptakan iklim pembelajaran yang demokratis. Keempat, mengembangkan sikap kasih sayang, empati, dan merasakan apa yang sedang dirasakan oleh siswa lain. Kelima, membantu siswa menemukan solusi terhadap setiap masalah yang dihadapinya. Keenam, melibatkan siswa secara optimal dalam pembelajaran baik secara fisik, sosial maupun emosional dan spiritual. Ketujuh merespon setiap perilaku peserta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 758, "width": 345, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "58  Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 322, "top": 791, "width": 198, "height": 15, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 88, "width": 378, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "didik secara positif, dan menghindari respon yang negatif; Kedelapan menjadi teladan dalam menegakkan aturan dan disiplin dalam pembelajaran. Kesembilan mendisiplinkan peserta didik dengan tegas dan penuh kasih sayang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 192, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abu Bakar, Usman, Paradigma Dan Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam, Yogyakarta: UAB Media, 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abidin Ibnu Rusn, Pemikiran Al Ghazali Tentang Pendidikan, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1998", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 295, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Baharuddin dan Makin, Pendidikan Humanistik; Konsep, Teori, dan Aplikasi dalam Dunia Pendidikan, Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruz Media, 2007.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bambang Sugiharto, Humanisme dan Humaniora: Relevansinya Bagi Pendidikan, Yogyakarta: Jalasutra, 2008", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 378, "width": 401, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Irsjad Djuwaeli, Pembaruan Kembali Pendidikan Islam , Jakarta, Karsa Utama Mandiri dan PB Mathla’ul Anwar, 1998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 419, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/Tim Penyusun Kamus Dan Pengembangan Bahasa., ed, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1988.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 460, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Umiarso & Zamroni, Pendidikan Pembebesan Dalam Prespektif Barat Dan Timur , Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2011", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 502, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lorens Bagus., Kamus Filsafat . Jakarta: PT Gramedia, 1996.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhaimin, Paradigma Pendidikan Islam; Upaya Mengefektifkan Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2000.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 564, "width": 401, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muh. Hanif Dzakiri, Paulo Freire, Islam dan Pembebasan , Jakarta, penerbit Pena dan Penerbit Djambatan, 2000.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 605, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masaong, A.K. Kepemimpinan Berbasis Multiple Intelligence;Memperteguh Sinergy Kecerdasan Intelektual, Emosional, dan Spiritual untuk Meraih Prestasi Gemilang . Bandung: Alfabetha, 2011.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 667, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Robert Audi. The Cambridge Dicitonary of Philosophy . Edinburg: Cambridge University Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 709, "width": 401, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "St. Kartono, Menebus Pendidikan Yang tergadai: Catatan Refleksi Seorang Guru ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 758, "width": 344, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masbur: Integrasi Unsur Humanisasi, Liberasi dan Transidensi…  59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 787, "width": 199, "height": 15, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Jurnal Edukasi Vol 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2016", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yokyakarta, Galang Press, 2002.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 391, "height": 53, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Amrizal, Humanisasi Peserta Didik: Mempertimbangkan Kembali Konsepsi Al- Qur’an tentang Manusia, Jurnal Pemikiran Islam; Vol. 37, No. 2 Juli- Desember 2012. Online:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Buhari Luneto. Pendidikan Karater Berbasis Iq, Eq, Sq . Jurnal IAIN Gorontalo. Online: http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/ir. Di unduh tanggal 2 mei 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 233, "width": 252, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kamus bahasa indonesia online: http://kbbi.web.id.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 372, "height": 32, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mustofa Rahman, Liberalisme dalam Pendidikan Akhlak (Tinjauan Konsep Alquran) , Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2005.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 295, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Online, http://library.walisongo.ac.id/digilib/files/disk1/22/jtptiain-gdl-jou- 2005-musthofara-1059-02_Liber-k.pdf. Di unduh, 2 mei 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 372, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Naufal Ahmad Rijalul Alam, Konsep Humanisasi Dalam Pendidikan Islam;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 401, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Telaah Deskriptif Terhadap Potensi Diri Manusia, Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Afkaruna, Vol.7 No. 2 Juli - Desember 2011. Online, http://hardikadwihermawan.blogspot.com/2011/07/pengertian-humanisasi- liberasi-dan.html", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 295, "top": 803, "width": 16, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 56, "top": 37, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2579-9479", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 56, "top": 46, "width": 224, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accredited by a Directorate General of Strengthenging for Research and Development No. 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 349, "top": 37, "width": 190, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan October 2021, 5 (1): 8-12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v5i1.2588", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 248, "width": 170, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO A B S T R A K", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 273, "width": 48, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: 4 April 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 63, "top": 299, "width": 65, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted: 12 August 2021 Published: 31 October 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 394, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 405, "width": 17, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NH3 VFA", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 65, "top": 429, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput alam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 449, "width": 72, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 566, "width": 46, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key words: NH3 VFA Native grass", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 107, "width": 484, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai VFA dan NH 3 rumput alam padang penggembalaan Kecamatan Haharu Kabupaten Sumba Timur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 147, "width": 440, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "VFA and NH3 value of native grass in pasture Haharu District East Sumba Regency", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 175, "width": 323, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elvis Pati Ranja 1 , I Made Adi Sudarma 1 , Marselinus Hambakodu 1*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 196, "width": 468, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Program Studi Peternakan/Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba, Jl. R. Soeprapto No.35, Prailiu, Waingapu, Sumba Timur, NTT, Indonesia *Email Koresponden: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 770, "width": 363, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright © 2021 Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 172, "top": 272, "width": 373, "height": 171, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai volatile fatty acids (VFA) dan amonia (NH3) rumput alam di padang penggembalaan secara in vitro . Penelitian menggunakan metode survei langsung di lapangan. Rumput alam diuji secara in vitro menggunakan cairan rumen sapi Bali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan rata-rata dan standar deviasi. Rumput alam yang dianalisis terdiri dari Heteropogon insignis , Bracharia decumbens , dan Bothriochloa ischaemum . Pengukuran nilai VFA menggunakan destilasi uap, sedangkan metode pengukuran nilai NH3 menggunakan mikrodifusi Conway. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumput Bracharia decumbens memiliki nilai total VFA sebesar 74,48 mM dan nilai NH3 sebesar 8,50 mM lebih tinggi dari rumput Heteropogon insignis (total VFA 65,79 mM dan NH3 6,67 mM), dan rumput Bothriochloa ischaemum (total VFA 60,64 mM dan NH3 5,34 mM). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini berdasarkan nilai VFA dan NH3, rumput Bracharia decumbens merupakan rumput alam yang berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan bagi hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 172, "top": 471, "width": 371, "height": 121, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to determine the value of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) of natural grass in grazing fields in vitro. The study used a direct survey method in the field. Natural grass was tested in vitro using Bali cattle rumen fluid. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis based on the mean and standard deviation. Natural grass consisted of Heteropogon insignis, Bracharia decumbens, Bothriochloa ischaemum. The measurement of the value of VFA uses steam distillation, while the method of measuring the value of NH3 uses Conway micro diffusion. The results showed that Bracharia decumbens grass had a total VFA value of 74.48 mM and an NH3 value of 8.50 mM which was higher than Heteropogon insignis grass (total VFA 65.79 mM and NH3 6.67 mM), and Bothriochloa ischaemum grass (total VFA 60.64 mM and NH3 5.34 mM).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 591, "width": 369, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The conclusion of this study is based on the value of VFA and NH3, Bracharia decumbens grass is a natural grass that may be cultivated for ruminants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 630, "width": 78, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 656, "width": 243, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan pakan ternak ruminansia sebagian besar dipenuhi dari hijauan berupa rumput dan leguminosa. Rumput alam di padang pengembalaan sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia di kecamatan Haharu Kabupaten Sumba Timur memberikan kontribusi untuk pertumbuhan ternak. Pakan ternak dengan kandungan nutrisi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 631, "width": 243, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang berbeda, menghasilkan nilai produk metabolisme rumen yang berbeda (Hambakodu et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 671, "width": 243, "height": 83, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi ternak di Kecamatan Haharu, antara lain sapi sebanyak 2.204 ekor, kerbau 413 ekor, kuda 1,583 ekor, dan kambing 2.865 ekor (BPS Sumba Timur , 2020). Ketersedian dan produktivitas rumput alam yang tersebar dalam areal padang penggembalaan alam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 295, "top": 803, "width": 6, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 247, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berhubungan erat dengan sistem pemeliharaan ternak (Hae et al., 2020). Kajian rumput alam di Kecamatan Haharu adalah tentang potensi kandungan nutriennya, yaitu kandungan protein pada kisaran 3%-4% dan kandungan serat kasar 40 sampai 59% (Hambakodu et al., 2021). Padang penggembalaan di Kecamatan Haharu terdapat berbagai jenis hijauan yang bervariasi, hijauan yang dominan, yaitu rumput Heteropogon insignis (mbelar penji), Bracharia decumbens (wolu kamemu), dan Bothriochloa ischaemum (bara minah), tetapi sampai saat ini belum diketahui potensi produk metabolisme rumennya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 259, "width": 248, "height": 407, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masalah utama rumput alam di padang pengembalaan adalah kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi dan protein kasar rendah. Kandungan serat yang tinggi menyebabkan nilai kecernaan yang rendah (Hambakodu, 2021). Evaluasi produk fermentasi rumen seperti VFA dan NH3 dari pakan rumput alam, dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui potensi rumput alam. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas ternak ruminansia adalah fermentabilitas pakan akibat adanya aktivitas mikroba di dalam rumen (Hapsari et al., 2018). Pendekatan ilmu yang bisa digunakan untuk mengevaluasi rumput alam adalah metode in vitro. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) merupakan produk akhir fermentasi karbohidrat dan sumber energi utama bagi ternak ruminansia. Produksi VFA yang tinggi didalam rumen merupakan salah satu indikator kecukupan energi bagi ternak (Hapsari et al., 2018). Amonia merupakan salah satu produk fermentasi dalam rumen yang berasal dari degradasi protein yang digunakan oleh mikroba untuk pertumbuhannya (Wole et al., 2018). Konsentrasi NH3 bermanfaat bagi mikroba rumen untuk sintesis tubuhnya (Suharlina & Sanusi, 2020). Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas dilakukan penelitian kajian in vitro VFA dan NH3 dari berbagai jenis rumput alam yang ada di Kecamatan Haharu Kabupaten Sumba Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 664, "width": 238, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai VFA dan NH3 rumput alam secara in vitro di padang penggembalaan Kecamatan Haharu Kabupaten Sumba Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 726, "width": 111, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MATERI DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 746, "width": 241, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput alam diperoleh dari padang pengembalaan Kecamatan Haharu, Kabupaten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 70, "width": 246, "height": 299, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumba Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak berdasarkan lokasi padang pengembalaan di desa-desa yang tersebar di kecamatan Haharu yakni Desa Wunga, Kalamba, Rambangaru, Praibakul, dan Kadahang. Peralatan yang digunakan yaitu timbangan analitik, erlenmeyer, kompor gas, cawan conway, gas CO2, sentrifuge, dan pipet serologi volume 25 ml. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi supernatan, larutan H2SO4, tabung suling, aquades, erlenmeyer, cairan rumen sapi Bali diambil dari rumah potong hewan (RPH) kota Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), larutan indikator PP ( Phenol Phtalein 0,1% ), HCl, vaselin, dan asam borat berindikator. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi dengan cara memotong dan dikeringkan selama 3 sampai 4 hari. Rumput alam yang telah kering di giling menggunakan disk mill hingga mencapai ukuran 2 mash. Analisis proksimat untuk mendapatkan kandungan nutrien rumput alam menggunakan metode AOAC (1960).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 367, "width": 242, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode Bath Culture sesuai dengan metode Tilley dan Terry (1963). Inokulan fermentasi selama 3 jam untuk mengukur konsentrasi amonia dan VFA. Pengukuran amonia menggunakan metode mikrodifusi Conway (Departemen of Dairy Science, 1996). Pengukuran VFA dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode destilasi uap. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif berdasarkan rataan dan standar deviasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 510, "width": 107, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel yang Diukur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 532, "width": 253, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsentrasi VFA Konsentrasi VFA total dihitung menggunakan rumus General Laboratory Procedures (1966):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 592, "width": 231, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "VFA Total (mM) = (a-b) ml x N HCl x 1000/5 ml gr sampel x BK sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 625, "width": 237, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan : a = volume HCl blanko pereaksi (H2SO4 dan NaOH, tanpa sampel)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 665, "width": 107, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b = volume HCl sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 689, "width": 55, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar NH3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 704, "width": 255, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsentrasi VFA total dihitung menggunakan rumus Conway (1962):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 742, "width": 208, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N- NH3 (mM) = ml H2SO4 x N H2SO4 x 1000 gr sampel x BK Sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 243, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan. October 2021, 5 (1): 8-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elvis Pati Ranja et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 243, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan. October 2021, 5 (1): 8-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elvis Pati Ranja et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 803, "width": 22, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 69, "width": 129, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 91, "width": 171, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kandungan Nutrien Rumput Alam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 106, "width": 246, "height": 514, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kandungan nutrien rumput terdiri dari bahan organik dan bahan anorganik yang berfungsi sebagai sumber energi bagi ternak ruminansia. Kandungan nutrien rumput alam di padang pengembalaan dicantumkan pada Tabel 1. Berdasarkan Tabel 1, kandungan protein kasar H. insignis lebih tinggi dibandingkan B. decumbens dan B. ischaemum. Kandungan protein kasar H. insignis sebesar 4,03 %. Protein kasar rumput alam di kecamatan Haharu tergolong dalam kategori kualitas rendah. Menurut (Akbar et al., 2017), rumput alam dikategorikan berkualitas rendah berada dalam kisaran kurang dari 5%, adapun kategori kualitas sedang dan kualitas tinggi apabila kualitas hujauan lebih besar dari 10%. Kandungan protein kasar rumput alam memiliki hubungan dengan produksi amonia karena amonia merupakan produk akhir hasil fermentasi pakan. Karbohidrat tersusun atas serat kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen, rumput alam di Kecamatan Haharu termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dengan kisaran 71 sampai 84%. Kandungan karbohidrat berhubungan dengan VFA, karena karbohidrat merupakan produk akhir hasil fermentasi karbohidrat pakan (Hambakodu et al., 2019). Kandungan nutrien rumput yang berbeda-beda juga disebabkan oleh faktor ilkim, tanah, dan ketersediaan air. Karakteristik tumbuhan pakan memiliki keterkaitan dengan iklim, faktor pembatas lainnya ketersediaan air (Yasin, 2013). Ketersediaan air di lokasi penelitian hanya berlangsung pada musim hujan (Desember – Maret), sedangkan kekurangan air terjadi pada musim kemarau (April – November). Pada fase vegetatif rumput kandungan protein kasar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 70, "width": 237, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cenderung lebih tinggi dan kadar serat kasar lebih rendah (Setyaningrum & Ismail, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 105, "width": 103, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsentrasi Amonia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 119, "width": 242, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amonia merupakan produk fermentasi protein pakan didalam rumen. Amonia berfungsi sebagai sumber nitrogen dan sintesis protein mikroba. Konsentrasi amonia dari spesies rumput alam di Kecamatan Haharu ditunjukkan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 295, "width": 249, "height": 325, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukan bahwa B. decumbens (wolu kamemu) memiliki nilai NH3 sebesar 8,50 mM, diikuti H. insignis (mbelar penji) sebesar 6,67 mM dan B. ischaemum (bara minah) sebesar 5,34 mM. Nilai NH3 yang berbeda-beda pada penelitian ini dipengaruhi oleh kandungan nutrien rumput yakni protein kasar yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan kondisi fermentasi di dalam rumen sangat di pengaruhi oleh nilai nutrisi setiap jenis rumput alam. Rendahnya produksi amonia pada rumput dapat disebabkan rendahnya tingkat kelarutan bahan pakan terutama kandungan protein, karena protein yang kurang larut akan lolos degradasi rumen dengan lebih mudah, sehingga menghasilkan produksi amonia yang rendah. Konsentrasi NH3 yang baik untuk kehidupan mikroba rumen adalah 4-12 mM (Hapsari et al., 2018). Konsentrasi amonia yang rendah diikuti dengan konsentrasi VFA yang tinggi mencerminkan efisiensi penggunaan amonia oleh bakteri rumen untuk sintesis protein tubuhnya (Wajizah et al., 2015). Rumput", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 637, "width": 370, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Kandungan nutrien rumput alam di padang pengembalaan Kecamatan Haharu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 653, "width": 465, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spesies rumput BK a (%) KA b (%) PK c (%) SK d (%) LK e (%) Abu (%) BETN (%) KH (%) TDN (%)* H. insignis 89,95 10,05 4,03 41,7 3,04 8,37 42,86 84,56 91,63 B. decumbens 89,92 10,08 3,21 47,39 2,25 14,11 33,04 80,43 85,89 B. ischaemum 89,28 10,72 3,37 42,02 1,66 23,37 29,58 71,6 66,3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 728, "width": 476, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan: a-b (Hambakodu et al., 2021); *TDN dihitung berdasarkan Sutardi (2001); BK=bahan kering, KA=kadar air, PK=protein kasar, SK=serat kasar, LK=lemak kasar, BETN=bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen, KH=karbohidrat, TD- N=total digestible nutrient.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 209, "width": 157, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Konsentrasi amonia rumput", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 225, "width": 221, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spesies NH 3 (mM) Heteropogon insignis 6,67 ± 6,70 Brachiria decumbens 8,50 ± 0,15 Bothriochloa ischaemum 5,34 ± 0,78", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 243, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan. October 2021, 5 (1): 8-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elvis Pati Ranja et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 803, "width": 12, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 249, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "alam yang ada di padang penggembalaan kecamatan Haharu mengandung protein yang tahan terhadap degradasi rumen sehingga menghasilkan konsentrasi amonia yang rendah, produksi ammonia rendah merupakan indikator bahwa protein ransum yang diberikan tidak mudah difermentasi oleh mikroba rumen (Sunarti et al., 2020). Fenomena ini menunjukkan kemampuan mikroba dalam dalam mencerna dan memanfaatkan nitrogen dalam rumen. Protein mikroba dipengaruhi oleh kelarutan protein dan degradabilitas protein rumput alam. Konsentrasi amonia dipengaruhi oleh kelarutan protein masing-masing bahan pakan (Prayitno et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 280, "width": 238, "height": 97, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsentrasi VFA Total Volatile vatty acid (VFA) merupakan hasil akhir fermentasi karbohidrat pakan di dalam rumen. VFA berfungsi sebagai sumber energi utama bagi ternak ruminansia. Konsentrasi VFA dari spesies rumput alam di Kecamatan Haharu dapat ditunjukan pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 387, "width": 224, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Konsentrasi VFA rumput alam di Kecamatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 399, "width": 221, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haharu Spesies Rumput VFA (mM) Heteropogon insignis 65,79 ± 0,79 Brachiria decumbens 74,48 ± 3,18 Bothriochloa ischaemum 60,64 ± 0,77", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 494, "width": 246, "height": 272, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukan bahwa nilai VFA rumput H. insignis sebesar 65,79 mM, sedangkan rumput B. decumbens sebesar 74,48 mM, dan rumput B. ischaemum sebesar 60,64 mM. Nilai VFA yang berbeda-beda pada penelitian ini disebabkan dari kandungan nutrien terutama karbohidrat rumput alam yang berbeda-beda. Rumput alam B. decumbens memiliki nilai VFA yang tinggi sebesar 74,48 mM. Tingginya VFA total pada rumput B. decumbens menunjukkan bahwa nutrien pakan mampu difermentasi dengan baik oleh mikroba rumen. Tingginya produksi VFA yang diikuti rendahnya konsentrasi amonia mencerminkan efisiensi penggunaan amonia oleh bakteri untuk sintesis protein mikroba dan pertumbuhannya (Hambakodu et al., 2019). Tingginya produksi VFA pada bahan pakan hijauan juga didukung dengan tingginya kandungan karbohidrat dalam bahan pakan sebesar 76,25 % (Filasari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 70, "width": 238, "height": 110, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "et al., 2013). Produksi VFA yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan mikroba rumen adalah 70 sampai 150 mM (Zahera et al., 2020). Faktor yang mempengaruhi VFA total adalah komposisi kimia pakan terutama karbohidrat (Riswandi et al., 2017), selain itu juga faktor yang mempengaruhi VFA berupa bentuk fisik pakan, tipe dan jumlah karbohidrat (Filasari et al., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 389, "top": 188, "width": 68, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 214, "width": 245, "height": 137, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput Brachiaria decumbens (wolu kamemu) memiliki nilai VFA sebesar 74,48 mM dan NH3 8,50 mM mempunyai potensi sebagai rumput alam yang lebih baik bagi ternak ruminansia dibandingkan rumput Heteropogon insignis (mbelar penji) dan Bothriochloa ischaemum (bara minah). Rumput Brachiaria decumbens (wolu kamemu) berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan sebagai hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 364, "top": 360, "width": 119, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 385, "width": 244, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada tim penelitian Haharu yang memberikan dukungan dalam penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 436, "width": 91, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 461, "width": 240, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akbar, R., Liman, & Wijaya, A. K. (2017). Evaluation of botanical composition and nutrient of grass in swamp of menggala sub-district Tulang Bawang Regency. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu , 5 (November), 72–76. Badan Pusat Statistik (2020). Kecamatan Haharu dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statistik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 557, "width": 241, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Filasari, O., Christiyanto, M., Nuswantara, L. K., & Pangestu, E. (2013). le. Produksi Volatilr Fatty Acids dan amonia (NH3) hijauan pakan kambing secara in vitro, Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah , 53(9), 1689–1699.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 629, "width": 253, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hambakodu, M. (2021). Evaluasi nilai nutrisi dan kecernaan in vitro beberapa rumput alam dari lahan perkebunan dan padang penggembalaan. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia , 23(2), 130–135. https://doi. org/10.25077/jpi.23.2.130-135.2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 701, "width": 245, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hambakodu, M., Pangestu, E., & Achmadi, J. (2019). Substitusi rumput gajah dengan rumput laut coklat (Sargassum polycys- tum) terhadap produk metabolisme rumen dan kecernaan nutrien secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 243, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan. October 2021, 5 (1): 8-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elvis Pati Ranja et al.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 803, "width": 22, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 205, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "in vitro. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 203, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.21776/", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 94, "width": 106, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ub.jiip.2019.029.01.05", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 106, "width": 238, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hambakodu, M., Pawulung, J. P., Nara, M. C., Amah, U. A. R., Ranja, E. P., & Tarapanjang,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 130, "width": 251, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. H. (2021). Identifikasi hijauan makanan ternak di lahan pertanian dan padang penggembalaan Kecamatan Haharu Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis , 8(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v8i1.14601 Hapsari, N. S., Harjanti, D. W., & Muktiani, A. (2018). Fermentabilitas pakan dengan imbuhan ekstrak Daun Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale) pada sapi perah secara in vitro. Jurnal Agripet , 18(1), 1–9. https://doi. org/10.17969/agripet.v18i1.9672", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 286, "width": 239, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prayitno, R. S., Wahyono, F., & Pangestu, E.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 298, "width": 215, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2018). Pengaruh suplementasi sumber protein hijauan leguminosa terhadap produksi amonia dan protein total ruminal secara. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), 20(2), 116–123.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 370, "width": 234, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riswandi, R., Priyanto, L., Imsya, A., & Nopiyanti,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 382, "width": 249, "height": 267, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. (2017). Kecernaan in vitro ransum berbasis Rumput Kumpai (Hymenachne acutigluma) fermentasi disuplementasi legum berbeda (In vitro digestibility of fermented hymenacne acutigluma-based rations supplemented with different legumes). Jurnal Veteriner , 18(2), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.19087/ jveteriner.2017.18.2.303 Setyaningrum, S., & Ismail, D. (2019). Efektivitas pupuk kandang dari kotoran sapi, domba dan ayam terhadap kadar lemak kasar, protein kasar dan serat kasar Rumput Gajah pada defoliasi kedua. Journal of Animal Science and Agronomyof Animal Science and Agronomy , 4(2), 18–28. Suharlina, S., & Sanusi, I. (2020). Kualitas nutrisi hijauan Indigofera zollingeriana yang diberi pupuk hayati fungi mikoriza Arbuskula. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu , 8(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.. v8i1.219", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 70, "width": 245, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suharti, S., Aliyah, D. N., Suryahadi, S. (2018). Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dengan penambahan sabun kalsium minyak nabati pada buffer yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan , 16(3): 56-64.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 142, "width": 244, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunarti, L. Y., Tarmidi, A. R., & Hernaman, I. (2020). Pengaruh penggunaan Daun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 336, "top": 166, "width": 217, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) sebagai pengganti rumput lapangan terhadap total produksi ammonia dan asam lemak terbang (In Vitro). Jurnal Peternakan Lingkungan Tropis , 3(1), 31–36.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 238, "width": 255, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tilley, J. M. A. and R. A. Terry. 1963. A Two Stage Technique for the In Vitro. Digestion of Crops. British Grassl J. British Grassland Society , 18, 104-111. Wajizah, S., Samadi, S., Usman, Y., & Mariana, E. (2015). Evaluasi nilai nutrisi dan kecernaan in vitro pelepah kelapa sawit (oil palm fronds) yang difermentasi menggunakan Aspergillus niger dengan penambahan sumber karbohidrat yang berbeda. Jurnal Agripet , 15(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet. v15i1.2286", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 394, "width": 252, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wole, B., Manu, A., & Enawati, L. (2018). Fermentasi jerami kacang hijau menggunakan cairan rumen kambing dengan waktu yang berbeda terhadap konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA secara in-vitro.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 453, "width": 237, "height": 76, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Nukleus Peternakan , 5(1), 1–6. Yasin, S. (2013). Ruminant eating behavior as a bioindicator of phenology and sheadline dynamics grazing land. Pastura: Journal of Tropical Forage Science, 3(1), 1–4. https:// doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 336, "top": 526, "width": 120, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pastura.2013.v03.i01.p01", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 538, "width": 239, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zahera, R., Anggraeni, D., Rahman, Z. A., &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 550, "width": 210, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evvyernie, D. (2020). Pengaruh kandungan protein ransum yang berbeda terhadap kecernaan dan fermentabilitas rumen sapi perah secara in vitro. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi Dan Teknologi Pakan , 18(1), 1–6. https:// doi.org/10.29244/jintp.v18i1.31547", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 243, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan. October 2021, 5 (1): 8-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 453, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elvis Pati Ranja et al.", "type": "Page header" } ]

[ { "left": 543, "top": 811, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 202, "top": 57, "width": 225, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia, 3 (1) (2021) 30-33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 76, "width": 310, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 189, "top": 104, "width": 249, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://journal.ubb.ac.id/index.php/stannum doi: 10.33019/jstk.v3i1.2238 Research paper", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 170, "width": 485, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Concentration Optimization Na 2 CO 3 Alginates from Turbinaria sp. As Raw Material Electrolyte Polymer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 225, "width": 418, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Optimasi Konsentrasi Alginat Na 2 CO 3 dari Turbinaria sp.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 244, "width": 288, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai Bahan Baku Polimer Elektrolit", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 282, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinda Liyana, Nurhadini, dan Ristika Oktavia Asriza *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 310, "width": 374, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Department of Chemistry, Universitas of Bangka Belitung Kampus Terpadu Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Bangka Belitung, 33172", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 342, "width": 195, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 373, "width": 54, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 391, "width": 428, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Polimer elektrolit berfungsi sebagai media transpor elektron dan sebagai pemisah antara anoda dan katoda. Polimer elektrolit dapat disintesis dari rumput laut coklat Turbinaria sp. Namun optimasi ekstraksi alginat belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum variasi konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 (3%, 5%, 7%) pada ekstrak Turbinaria sp sebagai bahan baku. bahan untuk sintesis elektrolit polimer untuk DSSC. Hasil ekstraksi alginat optimum diketahui persentase rendemen, kadar air dan gugus fungsi menggunakan analisis FTIR. Kondisi optimum ekstraksi alginat dari Turbinaria sp adalah Na 2 CO 3 5% dan suhu 60 o C dengan rendemen 23,81% dan kadar air 8,1%. Hasil FTIR juga menunjukkan intensitas manuronik terkuat terlihat pada bilangan gelombang 822cm -1 . Kata Kunci : Alginat, Na 2 CO 3 , polimer elektrolit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 549, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 568, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemakaian energi listrik di berbagai bidang terus mengalami peningkatan. Jika ketersedian energi listrik tidak dikelola dengan baik maka akan mengakibatkan krisis energi listrik. Oleh karena itu dilakukan upaya untuk berinovasi dan mencari sumber-sumber energi alternatif (Alhuja dan Tatsutani, 2009). Salah satu sumber alternatif terbesar yang dapat dimanfaatkan yaitu berasal dari energi matahari ( solar cell ). Energi matahari yang mencapai permukaan bumi berkisar 10.000 TW. Salah satu aplikasi dari pemanfaatan energi matahari adalah Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 749, "width": 225, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DSSC tersusun atas semikonduktor, elektroda pembanding, zat warna ( dye ), dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 549, "width": 228, "height": 116, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "polimer elektrolit. Polimer elektrolit merupakan elektrolit padat yang berfungsi sebagai media dalam penghantar elektron. Syarat suatu material yang dapat dijadikan sebagai polimer elektrolit adalah mempunyai kekuatan mekanik yang tinggi, konduktivitas yang tinggi, mudah dibuat dalam ukuran yang tipis, dan mempunyai kestabilan termal yang tinggi (Marfuatun, 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 665, "width": 226, "height": 117, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akhir-akhir ini sintesis polimer elektrolit banyak berasal dari alam karena memiliki keunggulan yaitu mudah didapat, murah, keberadaannya melimpah dialam dan mudah didegradasi (Rudziah, 2016). Adapun beberapa sumber dari polimer elektrolit tersebut adalah selulosa, kitosan, karagenan dan alginat (Buraidah dkk., 2010; Bella dkk., 2015; Herdianto, 2019; Nurhadini dkk., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 35, "width": 369, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Concentration Optimization Na 2 CO 3 Alginates from Turbinaria sp. As Raw Material Electrolyte Polymer", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 543, "top": 811, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 226, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alginat merupakan senyawa polimer alam yang berasal dari turunan polisakarida. Alginat mempunyai kekuatan mekanik yang tinggi, dimana nilai kekuatan tariknya sebesar 21,18 Mpa, memiliki ketebalan 140 μm (Wafiroh, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 136, "width": 226, "height": 206, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alginat dapat diperoleh dari ekstraksi pada jaringan sel rumput laut antara lain Turbinaria dan Sargassum. Berdasarkan kajian literatur mengenai ekstraksi alginat dari rumput laut. Wibowo dkk. (2013) melaporkan bahwa suhu 50°C dengan konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 7% adalah kondisi terbaik untuk mengekstrak rumput laut Turbinaria sp dengan rendemen alginat yang dihasilkan sebesar 21,43%. Namun penelitian ekstraksi mutu alginat dari Turbinaria sp sebagai polimer tidak banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian tentang optimasi konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 agar diperoleh rendemen yang optimum sebagai bahan baku sintesis polimer elektrolit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 361, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 380, "width": 35, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 399, "width": 226, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumput laut cokelat Turbinaria sp , Akuades, Natrium hidroksida (NaOH) Merck, Natrium karbonat (Na 2 CO 3 ) Merck, Asam sulfat (H 2 SO 4 ) Merck, Peroksida (H 2 O 2 ) Merck, dan Isopropil Alkohol teknis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 473, "width": 23, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 492, "width": 228, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut alat-alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Seperangkat alat gelas seperti; Gelas beaker 100, 250, dan 1000 mL, gelas labu leher 1000 mL, gelas ukur 5mL dan 100 mL, Stirrer , Hotplate , Neraca analitik, plat/wadah kaca, labu leher 2, Termometer, Cawan petri, Alumunium foil, Plastik wrapping ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 608, "width": 225, "height": 65, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur Ekstraksi alginat pada Turbinaria sp. Rumput laut cokelat jenis Turbinaria sp yang berasal dari Pantai Tuing Kepulauan Bangka dibersihkan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 673, "width": 226, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikeringkan.Selanjutnya, rumput laut yang telah kering tersebut diblender sampai halus. Sebanyak 30 gram rumput laut direndam selama 1 jam dalam larutan H 2 SO 4 2% dengan perbandingan 1:20 (w/v). Kemudian rumput laut tersebut dinetralkan dengan akuadest sampai pH= 6-7 Selanjutnya rumput laut cokelat tersebut direndam dengan NaOH 0,5%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 57, "width": 226, "height": 361, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "selama 30 menit dan dinetralkan dengan akuadest sampai pH 7. Endapan sampel tersebut dipanaskan dengan larutan Na 2 CO 3 pada variasi Na 2 CO 3 3%, 5%, 7% dengan perbandingan rumput laut cokelat dan larutan Na 2 CO 3 adalah 1:20 (w/v) selama 2 jam suhu 60 o C. Hasil ekstrak disentrifugasi pada 4500 rpm dan filtrat ditambahkan larutan H 2 O 2 10% sampai larutan bewarna kuning. Kemudian larutan tersebut ditambahkan dengan larutan H 2 SO 4 10% dan dibiarkan selama 30 menit sampai pH=1-2 dan akan terbentuk serat. Endapan tersebut merupakan gel asam alginat. Kemudian gel asam alginat dilarutkan dalam NaOH 10% hingga homogen dan ber-pH netral. Sedikit demi sedikit larutan tersebut dituangkan kedalam larutan isopropil alkohol perlahan sambil diaduk. Kemudian serat natrium alginat akan terbentuk setelah didiamkan selama 30 menit. Larutan disentrifuge sehingga didapatkan serat natrium alginat. Serat natrium alginat yang terbentuk dikeringkan sehingga terbentuk bubuk natrium alginat (Mahbub, 2012; Jayanudin dkk., 2014). Serat alginat yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR dan dihitung rendemen serta kadar airnya untuk menentukan kondisi optimum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 437, "width": 135, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 456, "width": 226, "height": 193, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 terhadap hasil rendemen natrium alginat Dari gambar 1 menunjukkan bahwa pada penambahan Na 2 CO 3 3% akan menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 21,31%. Pada konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 5% memperoleh rendemen natrium alginat tertinggi yaitu 23,81%. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 7% menghasilkan rendemen natrium alginat 20,49%. Berdasarkan pada Gambar 1 penambahan Na 2 CO 3 7% terjadi penurunan dari rendemen natrium alginat yang disebabkan natrium alginat terdegradasi dengan ditandai hilangnya jejak serapan manurorat yang merupakan ciri khas dari natrium alginat pada analisis FTIR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 649, "width": 226, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini bersesuian dengan penelitian Prasetyaningrum (2002) yang telah dilakukan menggunakan Na 2 CO 3 1-7%. Konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 dalam proses ekstraksi alginat sangat berpengaruh terhadap rendemen yang dihasilkan. Pada konsentrasi 1- 5% mengalami kenaikan jumlah natrium alginat dengan konsentrasi optimum pada Na 2 CO 3 5%. Kemudian untuk konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 6% dan 7% jumlah rendemen yang di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 35, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D Liyana dkk / Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia, 3 (1) (2021) 30-33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 543, "top": 808, "width": 11, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 225, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapatkan mengalami penurunan. Disebabkan terciptanya suasana basa pada larutan, sehingga natrium alginat terdegradasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 280, "width": 225, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Rendemen Natrium Alginat Dengan Variasi Na 2 CO 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 319, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh kadar air terhadap variasi Na 2 CO 3 Fungsi pengukuran kadar air adalah untuk mengetahui berat kering dari alginat yang dihasilkan. Karena kadar air juga dapat menentukan kualitas dan daya tahan dari alginat. Jika alginat mengadung kadar air yang tinggi maka akan menyebabkan kerusakan pada alginat akibat adanya reaksi kimiawi maupun pertumbuhan mikroba pembusuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 448, "width": 225, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Kadar Air Natrium Alginat variasi Na 2 CO 3 Konsentrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 474, "width": 132, "height": 102, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Na 2 CO 3 (%) Kadar air (%) 3 10 5 8,1 7 9,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 595, "width": 226, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis pada tabel di atas menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 3% kadar air yang didapat 10%. Pada konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 5% merupakan kadar air terendah yaitu 8,1%. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 7% kadar airnya adalah 9,5%. Perbedaan kadar air dapat disebabkan oleh faktor penyimpanan natrium alginat. Menurut Winarno (1990) besaran kadar air yang diperbolehkan dalam natrium alginat berkisar 5-20%. Pada penelitian ini kadar air yang didapatkan memenuhi standar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 57, "width": 226, "height": 335, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Gugus Fungsi Natrium Alginat Terhadap variasi Na 2 CO 3 Dari spektrum tersebur terlihat bahwa terdapat puncak spektrum pada bilangan gelombang rentang 3200-3500 cm -1 puncak ini menunjukan gugus hidroksil (O-H) pada bilangan gelombang 3267 cm -1, 3460 cm -1 , dan 3628 cm -1 . Gugus spektrum terdapat COO - asimetris rentang bilangan gelombangnya 1600-1680 cm -1 . Pada spektrum di atas ditunjukan pada daerah serapan 1602 cm -1 , 1692 cm -1 , dan 1611 cm -1 . Pada gugus COO - simetris bilangan gelombang berada disekitaran 1410 cm -1 , pada hasil spekrumnya berada dibilangan gelombang 1434 cm -1 , 1451 cm -1 dan 1452 cm -1 . Kemudian sidik jari khas guluronat ditunjukkan pada daerah serapan 890-900 cm -1 dan jejak serapan manurorat terdapat pada daerah serapan 810-850 cm -1 pada Na 2 CO 3 3% yang menandakan manurorat dengan intensitas lemah. Dan pada Na 2 CO 3 5% terdeteksi bilangan gelombang 822 cm -1 dengan intensitas terkuat yang ditandai adanya serapan gugus manurorat. Sedangkan Na 2 CO 3 7% tidak terdeteksi serapan manurorat karena telah mengalami degradasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 584, "width": 225, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Spektrum FTIR Natrium Alginat Terhadap Variasi Na 2 CO 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 629, "width": 72, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 648, "width": 226, "height": 129, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi optimum ekstraksi natrium alginat didapatkan dari Turbinaria sp pada konsentrasi Na 2 CO 3 5% pada suhu 60 o C dilakukan dengan analisis yang menghasilkan rendemen 23,81% dan kadar air 8,1%. Analisis FTIR menunjukan intensitas manuronat terkuat terlihat pada bilangan gelombang 822 cm -1 . Natrium alginat hasil ekstraksi dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku dalam sintesis polimer elektrolit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 35, "width": 369, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Concentration Optimization Na 2 CO 3 Alginates from Turbinaria sp. As Raw Material Electrolyte Polymer", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 543, "top": 811, "width": 11, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 76, "width": 225, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih kepada Universitas Bangka Belitung melalui program PDTU.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 107, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 126, "width": 226, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahuja, D,. Tatsutani. (2009). Sustainable Energy for Developing Countries . Survey and Perspectives integrating environment dan society, 2(1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 178, "width": 226, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bella, F., Mobarak, N.N., Jumaah, F.N., Ahmad, A. (2015) . From Seaweeds to Biopolymeric electrolytes for Third Generation Solar Cells: An intriguing approach. Electrochim, 151, 306 – 311. Buraidah, M.H., Teo, L.P., Majid, S.R., Yahya, R., Taha, R.M., Arof, A.K. (2010). Characterizations of chitosan-based", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 281, "width": 226, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "polymer electrolyte photovoltaiccells. Int . J. Photoenergy , 1 – 7. Herdianto, R.W., Husni A. (2019). Optimasi suhu ekstraksi terhadap kualitas alginat yang diperoleh n dari rumput laut Sargassum muticum . 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[ { "left": 333, "top": 62, "width": 187, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2021 E-ISSN 2809-0500 http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/jsq", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 789, "width": 130, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.19109/jsq.v1i1.10235", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 287, "top": 789, "width": 256, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Semiotika Q: Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 141, "width": 438, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf (Studi Tafsir Tematik Berdasarkan Analisis Teks dan Konteks Serta Kontekstualisasinya Dalam Kehidupan Kontemporer)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 274, "top": 213, "width": 67, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 185, "top": 227, "width": 245, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 266, "width": 245, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uswatun Hasanah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 318, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lukman Nul Hakim", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 185, "top": 332, "width": 245, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 371, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 384, "width": 400, "height": 150, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini membahas manajemen sabar dalam surah Yusuf dan kontekstualisasi- nya dalam kehidupan kontemporer. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori Double Movement Fazlul Rahman dan dibantu analisis teorinya Abdullah Saeed, penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa manajemen sabar bisa dipahami sebagai metode untuk membangun atau mengelola sabar berdasarkan kisah Nabi Yusuf As yang mampu menjadikan penguat jiwa Nabi Muhammad Saw di- saat tahun kesedihan, karena secara internal terdapat kesamaan baik dalam isi maupun alur ceritanya dengan kisah perjuangan Nabi Yusuf As. Kisah kesabaran Yusuf ini juga dapat dijadikan pedoman bagi seluruh umat Islam dalam menghadapai segala persoalan, bahwa dalam konidisi apa-pun Allah senantiasa bersama dengan orang-orang yang bersabar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 535, "width": 328, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Manajemen sabar, surah Yusuf, tafsir tematik, kontemporer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 562, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 576, "width": 400, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This article discusses patient management in Surah Yusuf and its contextualization in contemporary life. By using Fazlul Rahman’s Double Movement theory approach and assisted by Abdullah Saeed's theoretical analysis, this research concludes that patient management can be understood as a method to build or manage patience based on the story of Prophet Yusuf As who was able to strengthen the soul of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in times of sadness, because internally there are similarities both in content and storyline with the story of the struggle of the Prophet Yusuf As. The story of Yusuf's patience can also be used as a guide for all Muslims in dealing with all problems, that in any condition Allah is always with those who are patient.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 712, "width": 389, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Patient management, Surah Yusuf, thematic interpretation, contemporary", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "61 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 102, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di tahun ke-10 kenabian lebih kurang enam bulan setelah perestiwa pembaikotan. Beliau di pisahkan dengan orang-orang yang beliau sayangi dan cintai dengan meninggalah pamannya (Abu Tholib). Kemudian setelah dua bulan dan ada juga pendapat lain tiga hari setelah dari kematian pamanya, maka istri beliau Siti Khodijah ra. menyusul kembali kepangkuan Ilahi, ketika itu Siti Khodijah ra. berusia 65 dan Rasul saw berusia 50 tahun. Siti khodijah merupakan anugrah terbesar bagi Rasulullah Saw. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di masa sulit itu, maka pada akhiranya Allah swt. menjanjikan kepada Rasulullah saw. akan menurunkan surah Yusuf sebagai pelipur dari kesedihan hati beliau dan untuk meringankan rasa sakit yang di alaminya dengan menyebutkan kisah-kisah para Nabi dan rasul. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 442, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah sekian lama Nabi Muhammad saw. menerima wahyu dari Allah swt. yang setiap turun pasti dibacakan kepada para sahabat, maka mereka pun berkata : “Ya Rasulallah, bagaimana apabila tuan bercerita kepada kami?” Maka Allah swt. pun menurunkan surah Yusuf, sebaik-baik cerita. (Diriwayatkan oleh al-Hakim dan lainnya yang bersumber dari Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqash). 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 388, "width": 410, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ْلا حنِمحل ِهِلْبح ق ْنِم حتْنُك ْنِإحو حنآْرُقْلا احذحه حكْيحلِإ احنْ يححْوحأ احِبِ ِصحصحقْلا حنحسْححأ حكْيحلحع ُّصُقح ن ُنْحنَ حيِلِفاحغ “Kami menceritakan kepada kisah yang paling baik dengan mewahyukan al-Qur’an ini kepadamu, dan sesungguhnya kamu sebelum (kami wahyukan) nya adalah termasuk orang-orang yang belum mengetahui.” (QS. Yusuf : 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 474, "width": 410, "height": 71, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُميِكحْلْا ُزيِزحعْلا حوُحلَ حَّللَّا َّنِإحو َُّللَّا َّلَِّإ ٍهحلِإ ْنِم احمحو ُّقحْلْا ُصحصحقْلا حوُحلَ احذحه َّنِإ “Sesungguhnya ini adalah kisah yang benar, dan tak ada Tuhan (yang berhak disembah) selain Allah Swt.; dan sesungguhnya Allah swt., Dialah Yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana.” (QS. Ali-‘Imran, 62).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Surah Yusuf di kata gorikan surah Makkiyyah karena ia diturunkan sebelum hijrah, berisikan 111 ayat dan di turunkan sesudah surah Hud dalam urutan mushaf Qur’an usmani. Kontekstualisasi dari makna teks surah Yusuf dan makna konteks yang melingkupi atau melatar belakangi sejarah dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw. saat itu, sehingga Manajemen Sabar yang menjadi tema besar pada pembahasan ini merupakan kesimpulan yang diambil dari antara makna teks dan makna konteks, sehingga manajemen sabar iti bisa dipahami sebagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Syaikh Shafiyurrahman Al-Mubarakfury, Shahih Sirah Nabawiyah , Bandung, Darul Aqidah, 2007, hlm, 149", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Muhammad Ali Ash-Shabuny, Cahaya Al-Qur’an Jilid 3 , Jakarta, Pustaka Al-Kausar, 2001, hlm. 140", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 414, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 K.H.Q Soleh dan H.A.A Dahlan, Asbabun Nuzul, Bandung , CV Penerbit Diponegoro 2, hlm,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 759, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "295", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "62 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "metode untuk membangun atau mengelolah sabar berdasarkan kisah Nabi Yusuf as yang mampu menjadikan penguat jiwa Nabi Muhammad saw diaat tahun kesedihan. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk mengangkat tema yang berjudul : “Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf (Studi Tafsir Tematik Berdasarkan Analisis Teks Dan Konteks Serta Kontekstualisasinya Dalam Kehidupan Kontemporer).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 190, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 207, "width": 443, "height": 117, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian ini ialah metode library research yaitu penelitian yang berbentuk kepustakaan, karena penulis mengambil sumber dari data-data yang ada kaitannya dengan substansi yang diteliti. Library research dilakukan dengan cara menginput data dan informasi dari bahan materi kepustakaan. 4 Penelitian ini pada hakikatnya bersifat literal asli yaitu dengan metode deskriptif analitik dengan cara menghimpun sejumlah ayat dari berbagai surat dalam al-Qur’an yang sama-sama memiliki arti pada satu masalah tertentu. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 356, "width": 204, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kajian Seputar Teks Surah Yusuf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 443, "height": 152, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Teks Pembahasan tenyang analisis teks di lakukan dengan melihat pada lima macam yakni: Pertama , Penamaan Surah Yusuf. Nama dari surah ini diambil aktor utama yang diceritakan dalam surah ini yaitu Nabi Yusuf as. Penamaan surah ini juga sama dengan kandungannya yang menjelaskan tentang kisah-kisah Nabi Yusuf as. dalam surah lain, Nama beliau disebut dalam surah al- An’am dan surah al-Mu’min. 6 Nabi Ya’kub mencurahkan kasih sayangnya yang lebih kepada Nabi Yusuf dan Bunayamin melebihi kasih sayang kepada kakak- kakaknya. Yang berakibat kecemburuan sehingga mereka membuang nabi Yusuf ke dalam sumur. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 527, "width": 443, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kudua, Kajian Surah Yusuf Secara Konteks . Analisis adalah sebuah penyelidikan terhadap suatu kejadian yang mengetahui kedaan dengan sebenar- benarnya (asbab, musababb, duduk perkaranya). 8 Secara Konteks surah Yusuf dapat dilihat dari 2 aspek yaitu makro dan mikro.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 595, "width": 439, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Makro (‘am). Surah Yusuf diturunkan saat situasi masyarakat kota Makkah saat itu sedang ramai yang meragukan dari peristiwa isra’ dan mi’raj Rasul saw., dan apad akhirnya dapat menyebabkan kalangan umat Islam yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 685, "width": 379, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 P Joko Subagyo. 1991. Metode Penelitian dan Praktek . Jakarta: Rhenika Cipta. hlm. 109", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Abdul Hayy Al-Farmawi. 1994. Metode Tafsir Maudhu’i . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. hlm: 36.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 M. Quraish Shihab, Tafsir al-Mishbah (Pesan, Kesan dan Keserasian al-Qur’an), (Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002), hlm 387", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 391, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 M. Quraish Shihab, Tafsir al-Mishbah (Pesan, Kesan dan Keserasian al-Qur’an), hlm 388", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 412, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Tim Pustaka, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia , Jakarta, PT Media pustaka poenik, 2009, hlm482", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 93, "width": 421, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "imanya masih goyang yang pada akhirnya keluar dari ajaran agama Islam. 9 Alasan kedua atau sisi lain dari turunnya Surah Yusuf adalah, jiwa Nabi Muhammad saw saat itu sedang dalam keadaan duka yang luar biasa karena kehilangan dua orang yang sangat dicintainya yaitu istrinya, Khadijah ra. dan Abu Thalib, pamannya. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 178, "width": 439, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mikro. secara khusus, turunnya Surah Yūsuf ini adalah permintaan dari kaum Yahudi yang memohon kepaa nabi Muhammad. agar bisa menceritakan kisah Nabi Yūsuf as. “Wahai Rasulullah, bagaimana jikalau engkau bercerita kepada kami?” Maka turunlah ayat al-Qur’an surah Yusuh ayat 3, “kami menceritakan kepadamu (Muhammad) kisah yang paling baik....”. 11", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 264, "width": 424, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ْلا حنِمحل ِهِلْبح ق ْنِم حتْنُك ْنِإحو حنآْرُقْلا احذحه حكْيحلِإ احنْ يححْوحأ احِبِ ِصحصحقْلا حنحسْححأ حكْيحلحع ُّصُقح ن ُنْحنَ حيِلِفاحغ “Kami menceritakan kepada kisah yang paling baik dengan mewahyukan al-Qur’an ini kepadamu, dan sesungguhnya kamu sebelum (kami wahyukan) nya adalah termasuk orang-orang yang belum mengetahui.” (QS. Yusuf : 3). 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 443, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiga, Sebelum Peristiwa. Ini terjadi pada saat meninggalnya Abu Thalib. Sakit yang di derita Abu Thalib semakin bertambah parah, mengakibatkan ia meninggal dunia. di bulan Rajab tahun ke-10 dari kenabian, kurang lebih 6 bulan setelah pemboikotan. 13 Selian itu juga berkaitan dengan Meninggalnya Siti Khadijah RA. Dua bulan setelah meninggal pamanya, maka ummmul Mukminin, Siti Khadijah menyusul kembali ke pangkuan Ilahi. Khadijah Wafat pada saat usia 65 tahun, tepatnya dibulan Ramadhan tahun ke-10 dari kenabian, Rasulullah saat itu berusia 50 tahun. 14 Siti Khadijah merupakan anugerah terbesar bagi Rasulullah saw dia mendampingi perjalanan dakwah Rasulullah saw, “Dia beriman kepadaku saat orang-orang Quraisy mengingkariku, dia membenarkanku saat semua orang mendustaiku, dia rela menyerahkan harta bendanya kepadaku, ketika semua orang tidak mau memberikan apapun untukku, dan Allah menganugrahkan keturunan melaluinya ketika perempuan lain tidak dapat memberikannya.” 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 442, "height": 49, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keempat , Saat Peristiwa. Pada saat sulit dan menyedihkan itu dari kehidupan Sayyidul Anbiya wa Al-Mursalin dan pada waktu yang menegangkan itu, dimana Rasulullah saw dan para pengikutnya berusaha melawan kejahatan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 442, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Siti Zulaikhoh, “ Kisah Nabi Yūsuf As . Ibrah dan Implementasi Konseptual Dalam Pendidikan ”, Lihat pada Abi Hasan Ali bin Ahmad al-Wakhidi, Asbābun Nuzul, (Libanon: Beirut, 1991), hlm. 155.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 672, "width": 386, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Umar Abdul Jabar, Khola ṣ otu Nūril Yakin , Surabaya: Salim Nabhan, 2001, hlm. 38-40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Imam As-Suyuthi, Asbabun Nuzul: Sebab-Sebab Turunnya Ayat al-Qur’an , (Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kausar, 2014), hlm 300", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 442, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Al-Qur’an terjemah dan tafsir Kementerian Agama RI Jilid 4 13 Lihat Mukhtashar as-Sirah karangan Syaikh Abdullah, hal. 111 14 Ibnu Jauzi menetapkan bahwa wafatnya Khadijah terjadi pada bulan Ramadhan tahun tersebut, lihat kitab al-Talqih hal.7. 15 Diriwayatkan oleh Imam Ahmad dalam kitab al-Musnad, I/539", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "64 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kekerasan dan kebengisan orang-orang Jahiliyah, maka kemudian Allah swt menjanjikan kepadanya dengan menurunkan surah Yusuf sebagai pelipur kesedihan hati beliau dan untuk meringankan rasa sakit dan kesedihan yang dialaminya dengan menyebutkan kisah-kisah para rasul. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 442, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelima, Sesudah Peristiwa. Dua peristiwa yang membawa kesedihan ini menorehkan perasaan duka yang sangat dalam pada Nabi Muhammad, belum lagi tekanan yang terus menerus dilancarkan oleh kaumnya. Mereka lebih berani setelah dua benteng Rasulullah Saw itu tiada. Mendung semakin menggumpal sehingga beliau hampir putus asa menghadapi mereka. Kemudian belliau pergi Thaif dengan sedikit harapan orang-orang Thaif mau mengikuti seruan beliau atau paling tidak mereka mau memberi perlindungan dan pertolongan dalam menghadapi kaum beliau, tetapi yang dialami oleh Rasulullah malah sebaliknya, mereka menyakiti beliau lebih dari yang pernah dilakukan oleh kaum beliau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beratnya siksaan dan tekanan yang dirasakan oleh Rasulullah saw, dirasakan oleh para sahabat beliau sehingga Abu Bakar As-Shidiq berniat untuk hijrah dari Mekah Kemudian dia pergi menuju Habsyah, sampai di Barkil Ghamad bertemu dengan Ibnu Dugamah, setelah mendapat jaminan darinya dia kembali lagi ke Mekah. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 413, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Manajemen Sabar: Kontekstualisasi Surah Yusuf untuk Makna Kehidupan Kontemporer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 447, "width": 443, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Manajemen berasal dari bahasa Inggris yakni manage yang artinya memiliki makna mengurus, mengatur, melaksanakan, dan mengelola. Menurut Imam al-Maraghi, sabar merupakan sebuah ketabahan hati dalam menghadapi berbagai macam ujian. dan menurut Yusuf al-Qordhowi, sabar adalah menahan dan mencegah diri yang menyebabkan datangnya murka Allah. dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan ridoh-Nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagaimana ketika Nabi Ya’qub mengungkapan sebuah kesabaran : dengan istilah (Sobrun Jamil) “Hanya dirimu sendirilah yang memandang baik perbuatan (yang buruk) itu. Maka kesabaran yang baik itulah (kesabaranku). Mudah- mudahan Allah swt mendatangkan mereka semuanya kepadaku. sesungguhnya Dia-lah Yang Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Bijaksana”.” (QS Yusuf : 83)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 443, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merujuk kepada ayat al-Qur’an Surah Yusuf ayat 90 yang bernarasikan: Mereka berkata: \"Apakah kamu ini benar-benar Yusuf?\". Yusuf menjawab: \"Akulah Yusuf dan ini saudaraku. Sesungguhnya Allah swt. telah melimpahkan karunia-Nya kepada kami\". Sesungguhnya barang siapa yang bertakwa dan bersabar, maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Muhammad Ali Ash-Shabuny, Cahaya Alquran Jilid 3, Jakarta, Pusaka Al-Kautsar, 2001, hlm. 104", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 351, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Lihat Ibnu Hisyam, I/372-374 terdapa juga dalam kitab Shahih Bukhari, I/553", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "65 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 92, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sesungguhnya Allah swt. tidak menyia-nyiakan pahala bagi orang-orang yang berbuat baik\". 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 443, "height": 184, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pengertian-pengertian diatas maka ada kalimat yang sangat menarik yakni manajemen sabar, sama halnya dengan istilah manajemen qolbu. Yang menjadi semboyan dalam dakwah K.H. Abdullah Gymnastiar atau sering disebut dengan panggilan (Aa' Gym): Manajemen Qalbu inti pembahasannya lebih diperdalam kepada tentang bagaimana cara pengelolaan hati atau Qolbu. Sedangkan manajemen sabar yang peneliti ungkapkan lebih kepada bagaimana cara menatah hati agar menjadi pribadi yang beruntung. dalam al-Qur’an surah al-Imron ayat 200 di jelaskan: “ Hai orang-orang yang beriman, bersabarlah kamu dan kuatkanlah kesabaranmu dan tetaplah bersiap siaga (di perbatasan negerimu) dan bertakwalah kepada Allah swt, supaya kamu menjadi orang-orang yang beruntung. (al- Imron : 200).”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 313, "width": 442, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menatah hati untuk mencapai sebuah kesabaran yang dapat membuahkan keberuntungan, tentunya ada point-point yang dihasilkan dari analisis teks surah Yusuf dan dakwah perjuangan Nabi Muhammad saw yang harus kita pahami sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 382, "width": 141, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mengerti Akar Maslah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 446, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keika kita melihat dan memahami sejarah atau kisah Nabi Yusuf disingkirkan oleh saudaranya-saudaranya dibuang ke dalam sumur dikerankan ada rasa kecemburuan mereka terhadap Nabi Yusuf yang mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih dari ayahnya. 19 dalam al-Qur’an surah Yusuf ayat 16-17 dijelaskan : Kemudian mereka datang kepada ayah mereka di sore hari sambil menangis. Mereka berkata, \" Wahai ayah kami, sesungguhnya kami pergi berlomba-lomba dan kami tinggalkan Yusuf di dekat barang-barang kami, lalu dia dimakan serigala; dan kamu sekali- kali tidak akan percaya kepada kami, sekalipun kami adalah orang-orang yang benar.” Mereka datang membawa baju gamisnya (yang berlumuran) dengan darah palsu. Ya'qub berkata, \"Sebenarnya diri kalian sendiri yang memandang baik perbuatan (yang buruk) ini; maka kesabaran yang baik itulah (kesabaranku). Dan hanya kepada Allah swt sajalah tempat mohon pertolongan-Nya terhadap apa yang kalian ceritakan.” (Q.s : 16-17). 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 603, "width": 443, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian tidak sampai distu, setelah Nabi Yusuf as. ditemukan oleh para musafir lalu mereka menjadikannya sebagai budak dan menjualnya kepada orang istri seorang raja di Mesir. Dan setelah menginjak dewasa Nabi Yusuf as. mendapatkan rayuan dari Isteri al-Aziz, ia berkata, “ Mendekatlah! Mengapa menjauh? Duduklah di sampingku !”. Wanita yang merupakan isteri raja Mesir itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 262, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya, Kementerian Agama RI Jilid 4", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Abdullah bin Ahmad Alu Syaikh, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Jilid 4 , Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi’I, 2008, hlm 518-522", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya, Kementerian Agama RI Jilid 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "66 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan dengan segala cara untuk menundukkan Nabi Yusuf as agar bersedia tidur bersamanya. 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu juga dengan halnya perjuangan dakwah Rasulullah saw di kota Makkah, Rasulullah saw dan para pengikutnya sering mengalami cobaan dan gangguan yang luar bisadari kaum kafir Quraisy, dan yang paling Rasullah saw rasakan kesedihanya, bagaimana ketika beliau terpisah dengan orang-orang yang beliau sayangi dan cintai, hak kemerdekaan merekapun dirampas, mereka diusir dan harta benda mereka dirampas.. 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ancaman dan tindakan kekerasan yang dialami oleh Nabi Muhammad tersebut masih bisa beliau hadapi dengan penuh kesabaran dan keteguhan iman. beliau sangat meresahkan setelah isterinya meninggal dunia. Beliau benar-benar merasakan kehilangan. Kesedihan itu kembali bertambah setelah tidak lama berselang pamannya wafat juga. Dalam sejarah Islam peristiwa ini disebut dengan istilah amul ḥ uzni atau tahun duka cita. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 443, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kematian pamannya menyebabkan Nabi Muhammad. kehilangan pelindung setia dari berbagai macam ancaman. Kepergian Abu Ṭ alib untuk selama-lamanya ini telah memberi peluang kepada kaum mushrikin Quraysh untuk tidak segan-segan melakukan tindakan kekerasan kepada Rasulullah. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 443, "height": 220, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari penjelasan diatas bisa ditarik sebuah analisis dan kesimpulan, bahwanya gangguan dan ketidak senagnan saudara-Nabi Yusuf itu merupakan sebuah akar masalah bagi Nabi Yusuf as. Begitu juga dengan halnya Nabi Muhammad saw dengan kematian paman dan istrinya (Abu Tholib dan Siti Khodijah), merupakan sebuah akar masalah dari perjuangan dakwah beliau, karena setelah paman dan istrinya meninggal dunia, maka gangguan, cacian dan celaan para kapir Quraisy kepada beliau semakin leluasa, dan kekuatan kapir Quraisy di kota Mekkah saat itu belum bisa di tandingi oleh Rasulullah saw dan para sahabatnya, sehingga beliau harus mencari jalan keluar untuk menghadapi ujian tersebut dengan cara hijrah atau keluar di kota Mekakka, dan langkah kedua yang Rasulullah saw jalani setelah mengerti akar masalah peneliti menyebutnya dengan istilah menemukan solusi. Maka ketika kita tau dengan akar masalah yang sedang di hadapi, maka sabar disitu bebentuk kecerdasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 636, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menemukan Solusi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiaka seseorang sedang mendapatkan ujian atau probelema dalam kehidupan, tentu ia harus mencari solusinya agar bisa keluar dari ketepurukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 709, "width": 372, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Izzudin Ahmad Al-Qosim, Mengungkap dibalik kisah Surah Yusuf , …….. hlm 64-65", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 398, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Muhammad Raji Hasan Kinas, Ensiklopedi Sahabat Nabi , (Jakarta: Zaman, 2012), hlm 308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 373, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Ahmad Rofi’ Usmani, Muhammad Sang Kekasih , (Bandung: Mizania, 2009), hlm160", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 747, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Syaikh Abdurrahman Ya’qub, Pesona Akhlak Rasulullah SAW , Bandung: Mizania, 2005, hlm. 63", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "67 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tersebut. Ketika kita memahami sejarah Nabi Yusuf as. dijelaskan mengenai bagaimana mimpi seorang Raja dan bebasnya Nabi Yusuf as. dari penjara. Dalam al-Qur’an surah Yusuf ayat 43 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 445, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Dan raja berkata (kepada para pemuka kaumnya), “Sesungguhnya aku bermimpi melihat tujuh ekor sapi betina yang gemuk dimakan oleh tujuh ekor sapi betina yang kurus; tujuh tangkai (gandum) yang hijau dan (tujuh tangkai) lainnya yang kering. Wahai orang yang terkemuka! Terangkanlah kepadaku tentang takwil mimpiku itu jika kamu dapat menakwilkan mimpi. (Q.s. Yusuf : 43)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 443, "height": 203, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari ayat diatas dijelaskan bahwa Raja bermimpi melihat tujuh ekor sapi betina yang gemuk-gemuk dimakan oleh sapi betina yang kurus-kurus, dan tujuh bulir-bulir hijau dan yang lain kering-kering. Setelah itu, Raja menceritakan perihal mimpinya itu kepada para pejabat pemerintahannya, serta agamawan, dan orang yang cerdik dan pandai tentang takwil mimpi. Akhirnya Nabi Yusuf as. pun berhasil mentakwilkan mimpi sang Raja sehingga ia dibebaskan. Dan dijelaskan juga bahwa Nabi Yusuf as. dinyatakan tidak bersalah. Nabi Yusuf as. diangkat menjadi pejabat pemerintahan sebab kesabaran dan kejujurannya, serta kepandaiannya mampu mentakwilkan mimpi sang Raja. 25 Begitu juga dengan Rasulullah saw. Saat merasa gangguan, cacian dan intimidasi dari kaum musyrikin Quraish bertambah meningkat maka beliau melaksanakah langkah dengan hijrah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 445, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hijrah ke kota Ṭ aif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 443, "height": 237, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasulullah saw melaksanakan hijrah ke kota Ta’if yang terletak diarah selatan dari kota Mekkah, pergunungan al-Sarawat Arab Saudi, bekas wilayah Hizazs, Arab Saudi. Tha’if yang menjadi pusat kekuatan dan kepemimpinan di wilayah hizazs. Tha’if merupakan tempat idaman bagi penduduk arab. Akan tetapi, Tha’if bersaing ketat dengan kotah mekkah dalam segi keyakinan dan ekonomi. Rasulullah saw menemui para pembesar dari Bani Tsaqif. Beliau duduk bersama mereka dan mengajak untuk beriman kepada Allah. Beliau menghadapi penolakan yang keras dari penduduk Tha’if, mereka mencercah dan dihadang dari berbagai macam penjuru sehingga kaki Rasulullah saw berlumur darah, hati beliau tidak henti-hentinya berdoa mengadu kepada Allah swt, berlindung dibawah phon kurma. Pada saat itula, malaikat datang dan memintak idzin kepada Rasulullah saw untuk membalikan gunung dan menimpakannya kepada mereka. Namun, Rasulullah saw menoloknya dan berharap dari mereka akan lahir keturunan yang menyembah kepada Allah swt semata.. 26", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 442, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Izudin Ahmad Qosim…. Hlm 26 26 Syaikh Shafiyurrahman al-Mubarakfuri, Shahih Sirah Nabawiyah, Darul Aqidah, Bandung 2007, hlm. 149", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "68 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artinya solusi pertama Rasulullah saw ini tidak membuahkan hasil sesuangan dengan yang beliau harapkan, dan beliau pulang ke kota Mekka dengan terus penuh harapan, dan pada akhirnya terusr berjuang untuk mencari solusi dari keterpurukan yang sedang beliau hadapi saat ini dengan hijrah ke kota Madinah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 190, "width": 148, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Hijrah ke kota Madinah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 443, "height": 185, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabi Muhammad saw dan pengikut-pengikutnya migrasi Nabi dari kota Mekkah ke kota Madinah pada bulan juni tahun 622. Perjalanan hijrah yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad dari kota Mekkah ke kota Madinah, saat itu beliau sudah memiliki pengikut setia yang memeluk agama Islam di kota Madinah. Mendengar kabar tersebut kaum kafir Quraisy semakin marah dan meningkatkan penindasan terhadap orang-orang mukmin di kota Mekkah. Atas perintah Allah swt demi menyelamatkan dakwah Islam dan pengikutnya dari gangguan kafir Quraisy, akhirnya Nabi Muhammad saw memutuskan untuk hijrah bersama pengikutnya ke kotah Madinah. Mereka berangkat secara diam- diam dan sembunyi-sembunyi untuk menghindari penghadangan dan pengejaran dari kaum kafir Quraisy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 443, "height": 271, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kaum muslimin di kota Madinah pun memberikan pertolongan kepada kaum muslimin yang pindah dari kota Mekkah ke kota Madinah. Kaum kafir Quraisy juga sudah menyiapkan sebagian pemuda-pemidanya untuk membunuh Nabi Muhammad saw dan mengepung kediaman beliau. Namun berkat akal cerdas beliau yang memintak Ali bin Abi Thalib untuk menggunakan bajunya dan menyamar menjadi dirinya yang kemudian di sangkakan sedang tidur oleh pemuda Quraisy, akhirnya Nabi Muhammad saw dapat selamat dari kepungan kau kafir Quraisy. Melihat sosok yang tidur adalah Nabi Muhammad saw para pemuda kafir Quraisy itu sangat legah karena mengira Nabi Muhammad saw masih berada di dalam rumahnya. Menjelang larut malam tanpa sepengetahuan para pemuda tersebut Nabi Muhammad saw mulai bergerak menuju kota Madinah Al-Munawwaroh. Untuk mengelabui musuhnya, Nabi Muhammad menempuh jalan atau rute yang berbeda dari jalan biasa yang biasa ditempuh oleh penduduk kota Mekkah. Ketika para pemuda itu terbangun mereka sangat terkejut karena menyadari bahwa yang mereka tangkap bukan Nabi Muhammad saw melainkan Ali bi Abi Thalib. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas dapat kita tarik sebuah kesimpulan, bahwasanya ketika Nabi Yusuf mampu mentakwilkan mimpi sang raja maka itu sebagai solusi yang beliau dapatkan untuk dapat keluar dari keterpurukan atau dalam penjara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 442, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Aib Bisri Abdul Mujieb, Qisshashul Anbiya , Surabaya, Bakul Indah, 1985, hlm, 361-362, lihat juga buku Syafiyyurrahman Al-Mubarrak Furry, Sirah Nabawiya, Jakarta, Al-Kausar, 1997, hlm. 181-183", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "69 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tersebut. Begitu juga dengan Rasulullah saw, dengan belaiau melaksanakan hijrah ke kota Ta’if dan Kota Madinah, artinya beliau sedang mencari solusi untuk keluar dari cacian, gangguan dan intimidasi dari kaum kapir Quraisy kota Mekkah saat itu, dan setelah menemukan solusinya maka langkah selanjutnya adalah membangun sebuah kekuatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 190, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Membangun Kekuatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu dari kisah Nabi Yusuf as. dijelaskan bahwa dalam al-Qur’an surah Yusuf ayat 54-57 ;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 445, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Dan raja berkata, “Bawalah Yusuf kepadaku, agar aku memilih dia sebagai orang dekatku”. Maka tatkala raja telah bercakap-cakap dengan dia, dia berkata, “Sesungguhnya kamu (mulai) hari ini menjadi seorang yang berkedudukan tinggi lagi dipercayai pada sisi kami”. Berkata Yusuf, “Jadikanlah aku bendaharawan negara (Mesir); Sesungguhnya aku adalah orang yang pandai menjaga, lagi berpengetahuan”. Dan demikianlah kami memberi kedudukan kepada Yusuf di negeri Mesir; (dia berkuasa penuh) pergi menuju kemana saja ia kehendaki di bumi Mesir itu. Kami melimpahkan rahmat Kami kepada siapa yang Kami kehendaki dan Kami tidak menyia-nyiakan pahala orang-orang yang berbuat baik. Dan sesungguhnya pahala di akhirat itu lebih baik, bagi orang-orang yang beriman dan selalu bertakwa.” (Q.s Yusuf : 54-57). 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 443, "height": 169, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari ayat diatas bisa diambil kesimpulan bahwasanya Nabi Yusuf as. Perna mengajukan untuk mendapatkan sebuah jabatan sebagai bendaharawan di kota Mesir, karena beliau meyakini kesanggupannya dalam mengatur perekonomian di kota Mesir pada masa-mas sulit yang jauh hari sudah di perkirakannya berlangsung selama 7 tahun. Dalam al-Qur’an ayat 47-49 mengungkap ada dua strategi Nabi Yusuf as. dalam menghadapi problem tersebut, pertama menanam secara serius untuk waktu yang lama selama 7 tahun dan yang kedua dengan cara menyimpan gandum, padi dan sejenisnya dalam bulirnya adalah strategi agar padi atau gandum tersebut tetap awet, dan tetap bisa dijadikan benih yang sempurna bila suatu saat nanti dibutuhkan. 29", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 443, "height": 82, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu juga dengan Rasulullah saw setelah sampai di kota Madinah, dari si I menjadi tombak awal dari sejarah Islam. Nabi Muhasmmad saw tidak hanya menjadi kepala agama akantetapi beliau beliau mampu menjadi sebagai kepala negara. Dalam rangka memperkokoh ajaran Agama Islam disana, beliau segera meletakkan dasar-dasar kehidupan bermasyarakat, sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama, Ukhuwah Islamiyyah: Nabi Muhammad saw. mempersaudarakan antara golongan Muhajirin dan golongan Anshar agar menghilangkan rasa asing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 442, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya Kementerian Agama RI Jilid 4 29 Sulistyo, Manajemen Ketahanan Pangan di Indonesia: Telaah Atas QS Yusuf 47-49, Temu Ilmiah Nasional (Temilnas) , (Malang: Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, 2014), hlm 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "70 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 443, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada diri sahabat Muhajirin di kota Madinah, membangun rasa persaudaraan agar mereka saling tolong-menolong. 30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 443, "height": 165, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, Hubungan persahabatan dengan golongan yahudi kota Madinah yang terdiri dari Bani Quraizhah, Bani Nadhir, dan Bani Qainuqa. Nabi Muhammad saw. mengadakan perjanjian, yang berisi: “Janganlah kaum Yahudi mendengki kaum Muslimin dan sebaliknya janganlah kaum Muslimin mendengki mereka. Hendaknya kaum Yahudi dan kaum Muslimin hidup bersama-sama sebagai suatu bangsa. Kaum Yahudi dan kaum Muslimin masing-masing merdeka mengerjakan agamanya dan masing-masing janganlah saling mengganggu. Jikalau kaum Yahudi diserang oleh musuh dari luar, kaum Muslimin wajib membantu mereka, begitupula sebaliknya.Jikalau kota Madinah diserang oleh musuh dari luar, kaum Yahudi dan Muslimin harus mempertahankannya besama-sama” . 31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 152, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari dua kisah sejarah diatas dapat ditarik sebuah kesimpulan, bahwasanya strategi yang di lakukan oleh Nabi Yusuf as untuk memintak jabatan sebagi bendaharawan di kota Mesir merupakan pembabakan baru dalam membangun kekuatan beliau. Begitu juga dengan dakwah Rasulullah saw setelah hijrah ke kota Madinah dan beliau mendapatkan sambutan yang hangat, akhirnya beliau membangun sebuah kekuatan dengan cara mempersaudarakan kaum Muhajirin dengan kaum Ansor. Dan melakukan manufer politiknya dengan menjalin persahabatan dengan kepala suku yang ada di kota Madinah, dengan demikian maka Rasulullah saw bisa menlajutkan dakwahnya yang beliau emban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 462, "width": 196, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Merealisasikan Ide dan Gagasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 443, "height": 81, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada akhirnya Nabi Yusuf as berada di tempat yang diusulkan. Itulah cara Allah swt memberikannya kedudukan yang sangat penting di kota Mesir. “Telah berkata Nabi Yusuf as.,“Jadikanlah aku bendaharawan negeri (Mesir); karena sesungguhnya aku adalah orang yang pandai menjaga, dan berpengetahuan.”(Q.S. Yusuf : 55).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabi Yusuf as orang yang sangat bertanggung jawab pada pengelolahan ekonomi di kota Mesir. Ia menjadi perdana metri. Dan bertugas sebagai kepala pemerintahan dan kepala urusan logistik. Saat itu kelaparan dan paceklik tidak hanya terjadi pada negeri Mesir, namun terjadi juga di negeri di dekatnya, seperti Negeri Kan’an yang ditempati oleh ayah dan saudara saudaranya itu Nabi Ya’qub as dan saudara saudarnya juga mengalami masa-masa susah pangan. 32", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 445, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Muhammad al-Ghazali , Sejarah Perjalanan Hidup Muhammad, (Yogyakarta: Mitra Pustaka, 2003), hlm. 209", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 445, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 Badri Yatim, Sejarah Peradaban Islam Dirasah Islamiyah II , (Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2003), hlm 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 413, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32 Izzudin Ahmad Al-Kasim, Mengungkap Rahasia Hikmah Dibalik Surah Yusuf,,,,, hlm 127", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 443, "height": 151, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu juga halnya dengan dakwah Nabi Muuhammad, dari kota Mekkah ke kota Madinah, yang diawali sebelumnya dengan pertemuan Nabi Muhammad saw. bersama orang-orang Yastrib (Madinah) pada musim pasar tahunan di kota Mekkah sampai menghasilkan bai’at (janji setia) pertama Bai’at Aqobah I (621 M) atau disebut perjanjian Nabi Muhammad saw dengan 12 orang dari Yastrib yang kemudian mereka masuk Islam. Bai’at Aqobah ini terjadi pada tahun ke-12 kenabiannya. Ada 3 macam isi bai’at itu, : Tidak menyekutukan Allah swt. dengan sesuatu apapun, Melaksanakan apa yang Allah swt. Perintahkan, Meningalkan apa yang Allah swt. larang. 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 445, "height": 357, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabi Muhammad saw. mengirim Mush’ab bin ‘Umair dan ‘Amr bin Umi Maktum ke Yastrib bersama mereka untuk mengajarkan perkara agama Islam, membaca al-Qur’an, Sholat dan sebagainya. 34 Dan bai’at ‘Aqobah ke II (622 M) adalah perjanjian yang di lakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad saw. terhadap 73 orang peria dan 2 orang wanita dari yastrib pada tengah malam. Wanita itu adalah Nusaibah binti Ka’ab dan Asma’ binti Amr bin’Adiy. Perjanjian itu terjadi pada tahun ketiga belas kenabian. Mus’ab bin ‘Umair kembali ikut bersamanya beserta penduduk Yastrib yang telah lebih dahulu masuk Islam. Mereka menjumpai Nabi Muhammad saw. di ‘Aqobah pada suatu malam. Nabi Muhammad saw. datang bersama pamannya Al-‘Abbas bin Abdil Muthalib. Ketika itu Al-‘Abbasy masih musyrik, hanya saja ia ingin memintak jaminan keamanan bagi keponkanya Nabi Muhammad saw, kepada orang-orang Yastrib itu. Ketika itu Al-‘Abbas adalah orang yang pertana angkat bicara kemudian di susul oleh Nabi Muhammad saw. yang membacakan beberapa ayat al-Qur’an dan menyerukan tentang Islam. kemudian Nabi Muhammad saw. membai’at orang-orang Yastrib itu. Isi bai’atnya adalah : (Untuk mendengar dan taat, baik dalam perkara yang mereka sukai maupun yang mereka benci, Untuk berinfak baik dalam kedaan sempit maupun lapang, Untuk ber’amar ma’ruf nahi mungkar, Agar mereka tidak terpengaruh celaan orang-orang yang mencela di jalan Allah swt, Agar mereka melindungi Nabi Muhammad saw sebagaimana mereka melindungi wanita-wanita dan anak- anak mereka sendiri.) 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 442, "height": 83, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usai bai’at, Nabi Muhammad saw. pulang ke kota mekkah untuk melanjutkan dakwahnya. Kemudian ia mendapatkan gangguan dari kaum musyrikin kepada kaum mukmin yang dirasa semakin keras. Maka Nabi Muhammad saw. memberikan perintah kepada kaum muslimin untuk hijrah ke Yastrib. Baik secara sendiri-sendiri, maupun berkelompok. Mereka berhijrah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34 Syaikh Saufurrahman Al-Mubarrakfury, Shahih Sirah Nabawi , Darul Aqidah, Bandung, 2007, hlm184", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 337, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35 Syaikh Saufurrahman Al-Mubarrakfury, Shahih Sirah Nabawi …….hlm190", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "72 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 151, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan sembunyi-sembunyi, sehingga kaum musyrikin tidak mengetahui perpindahan mereka. 36 kemudian orang –orang madinah disebut kaum anshor 37 dan orang-orang Mekkah yang berhijrah ke Madinah di sebut kaum muhajirin 38 . Dari penjelasan di atas, mengenai dua kisah tersebut, yaini kisah Nabi Yusuf as dan Rasul saw dalam konteks merealisasikan ide dan gagasan di atas terdapat keterkaitan yang signifikan. Dari uraian diatas langkah-langkah yang di tempuh oleh Nabi Yusuf as akhirnya sampai kepada merealisasikan apa yang yang sudah menjadi keinginan dan target dakwah beliau dalam mensejahterakan penduduk di kota Mesir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 442, "height": 83, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu juga halnya dengan sejarah dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw, setelah langkah-langkah untuk mewujudkan keinginan dakwahnya lebih meluas, dan beliau merealisasikan apa yang sudah menjadi target dakwah beliau untuk mendapatkan sebuah keberuntungan atau hasil puncak dari perjuangan dakwah di kota Mekkah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 345, "width": 171, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Mewujudkan kemerdekaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 442, "height": 100, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sampai pada akhirnya setelah melewati beberapa langkah yang di jalani untuk mencapai kepada sebuah puncak keberhasilan. Setelah Nabi Yusuf as menjadi penguasa di negri mesir, maka disaat itula Allah swt menjadikan sebagai media untuk Nabi Yusuf dapat berjumpah dengan ayah tercintanya (Nabi Ya’qub) dan saudara-saudaranya, melalui proses yang panjang pada akhirnya mereka bersatu kembali. 39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dan seketika itu Nabi Yusuf as juga mengadahkan kedua tangannya ke langit, ia bersyukur atas nikmat dan karunia Allah swt, sebagaimana dterangkan dalam al- Qu’ran surah Yusuf ayat 101:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 445, "height": 64, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Ya Tuhanku, sesungguhnya engkau telah menganugrahkan kepadaku sebagian kerajaan dan telah mengajarkan kepadaku sebagian ta’biar mimpi. (Ya Tuhan) pencipta langit dan bumi. Engkaulah perlindungku di dunia dan di akhirat, wafatkanlah aku dalam keadaan islam dan gabungkanlah aku dengan orang-orang saleh (Qs. Yusuf : 101)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 442, "height": 62, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36 Syafiyyurrahman Al-Mubarrak Furry, Sirah Nabawiya, Jakarta, Al-Kausar, 1997, hlm. 165- 167 37 Anshor adalah sebutan untuk suatu kaum yang menerima hijrah Nabi Muhammad Saw dari Makkah menuju Madinah. Sampainya di Madinah mereka menyambut Rasulullah dan kaum muhajirin dengan baik dan membantu perjuangannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38 Muhajirin (bahas Arab: Al-Muhajiruna ; bahas Indonesia : para imigran ) adalah sebutan bagi para pengikut Nabi Muhammad Saw yang hijrah meninggalkan Mekah, dalam rangka menjaga keimanan mereka dan menyelamatkan diri dari penindasan penduduk Mekah, yang menentang dakwah Islam di kota tersebut. Kaum Muhajirin sempat melakukan hijrah kedua tempat, yang pertama kali ke Habsyah, dan yang terahir ke Madinah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 747, "width": 440, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39 Izzudin Ahmad Al-Kasim, Mengungkap Rahasia Hikmah Dibalik Surah Yusu,,,,, hlm 156- 157", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "73 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 65, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari situla Nabi Yusuf as yang dimulai dengan penderitaan yang luar biasa ia terima dengan lapang dada dan penuh kesabaran. Akhiranya pada endingnya mereka dapat berjumpa kembali dalam bahasa peneliti mendapatkan sebuah kemerdekaan dari keterpurukan dan kesedihan selama ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu juga dengan dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw. setelah melaksakan rangkaian yang begitu pajang dalam strategi dakwah dan politiknya untuk meluaskan ajaran yang beliau bawa, pada akhirnya beliau mampu mewujudkan sebuah kemenangan atau disebut dengan Fathul Mekkah. Terjadinya fathul Mekkah ini pada bulan Ramadhan tahun ke-8 H. Kemenangan ini hakikatnya adalah kemenangan akidah, kalimat tauhid dan bukan kemenangan individual atau balas dendam. 40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ibnu Umar berpendapat dengan sebuah riwayat yang disampaikan oleh alIsmaili, “Hijrah terputus setelah fathul Mekkah bagi Rasulullah saw. sementara hijrah tidak pernah terputus selagi masih ada negeri orang kafir.” Maksudnya . hijrah tetap ada selagi negeri kufur ada di dunia ini, bahkan hijrah dari negeri kufur itu hukumnya wajib bagi setiap muslim yang tidak dapat mengekspresikan keislamannya secara leluasa. Maksud secara global adalah bahwa kalau di dunia sudah tidak ada negeri kufur, hilanglah kewajiban hijrah. 41", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 442, "height": 49, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari uarian diatas dapat peneliti ambil sebuah kesimpulan bahwasanya, endeng yang di alami oleh Nabi Yusuf as adalah sebuah kebagian karena bisa berjumpa atau berkumpul kembali dengan orang-orang yang beliau sayangi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 443, "height": 117, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Begitu juga dengan perjalanan dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw, berawal dapat mengetahui akar maslahnya, sehingga menemukan sebuah solusi terus beliau membangun kekuatan di luar kota Mekka dan kemudian beliau realisasikan apa yang menjadi kenginan atau cita-cita luhur beliau dan pada akhirnya beliau mendapatkan sebuah kemengan hasil dari perjuangan tersebut atau disebut dengan istilah fathul Mekkah, dalam bahasa peneliti mewujudkan kemerdekaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 585, "width": 164, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Analisis tentang kesabaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari uarian tentang manajemen sabar diatas, dapat peneliti tarik sebuah kesimpulan bahwasanya :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 636, "width": 215, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. sifat sabar itu terdapat dua macam ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 653, "width": 406, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. pertama sabar bersifat depinsif artinya memilki pertahanan yang kuat atau hanya bertahan saja, dalam istilah agama hanya tawakkal saja", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 442, "height": 37, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40 Abdullah bin Ahmad Mubarak, Jejak Rasul, Jilid 5, Lintas Pustaka, Jakarta, 2004, hlm. 138- 139, lihat jiga di buku karangan M. Fathullah Gulen, Kehidupan Rasullah Muhammad Saw , Jakarta, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002, hlm. 259-2263", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 310, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41 Ahzami Samiun Jazuli, Hijrah Dalam Pandangan al-Qur’an , hlm 24-26", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "74 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 93, "width": 410, "height": 48, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. kedua, sabar yang bersifat opensif artinya keadaan dimana menunjukkan menyerang atau istilah lain mencari jalan keluar untuk dapat bangkit dari ujian atau masalah yang sedang di hadapi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 144, "width": 425, "height": 83, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sabar itu dapat diwujudkan sesuai dengan kedaan yang sedang dialami, contoh ketika berperang maka sabranya akan berbentuk sebuah keberanian, atau dalam megdapi maksiat seperti yang dialami oleh Nabi Yusuf as, maka sabarnya bisa berbentuk menjaga kehormatan atau dalam bahasa agama Islam disebut dengan Iffah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 62, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 269, "width": 443, "height": 237, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian singkat di atas, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Pertama, analisis teks dan konteks kisah Nabi Yusuf as dalam sejarah dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw adalah Surah Yusuf as turun berdasarkkan kondisi Nabi Muhammad saw ketika itu. Dan kisah Nabi Yusuf as mampu menjadikan penguat jiwa dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw ketika beliau menghadapi berbagai macam tantangan dalam dakwahnya, karena secara internal terdapat kesamaan baik dalam isi maupun alur ceritanya dengan kisah perjuangan Nabi Yusuf as sehingga secara psikologis bagi Nabi Muhammad saw akan membuat adanya persaan senasib, sepejuangan atau setidaknya Nabi Muhammad saw tidak mersa sendirian sebagai Nabi Allah swt yang selalu mendapatkan tantangan dan hambatan dalam dakwahnya, terkhusus ujian berpisahnya dengan orang-orang yang beliau sayangi. Dan secara eksternal bisa di lihat dari sejarah dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw, berikutnya sesudah turun Qur’an Surah Yusuf atau kisah Nabi Yusuf as, mampu memberikam motivasi bagi dakwah beliau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 509, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, Relasi kisah Nabi Yusuf as dengan sejarah dakwah Nabi Muhammad Saw bahwa terdapat ide-ide pokok bahasan yang sama dalam sejarah dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw, dan dititik beratkan menjadi 3 bagian, pertama , ketika Nabi Yusuf as bersama ayahnya, kedua, ketika Nabi Yusuf as berpisah dengan ayahnya, dan yang ketiga ketika Nabi Yusuf as bertemu lagi dengan ayahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 118, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 443, "height": 49, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdullah bin Ahmad Mubarak, Jejak Rasul, Jilid 5, Lintas Pustaka, Jakarta, 2004 Abdul Hayy Al-Farmawi. 1994. Metode Tafsir Maudhu’i . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 419, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Karim, Hikmah Kisah-kisah dalam al-Qur’an , Jakarta, Darus Sunnag, 2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 440, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdullah bin Ahmad Alu Syaikh, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Jilid 4 , Pustaka Imam Asy- Syafi’i, 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 743, "width": 392, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Rofi’ Usmani, Muhammad Sang Kekasih , (Bandung: Mizania, 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "75 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 794, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Irawan, dkk : Manajemen Sabar Dalam Surah Yusuf ...", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 436, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dheni Istiqomah, Karakter Kepemimpinan dalam Qur’an Surah Yusuf, (Salatiga: UIN Salatiga, 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 440, "height": 48, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Raji Hasan Kinas, Ensiklopedi Sahabat Nabi , (Jakarta: Zaman, 2012) Muhammad Ali Ash-Shabuny, Cahaya Al-Qur’an Jilid 3 , Jakarta, Pustaka Al- Kausar, 2001", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. 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